Trulieve Cannabis Corp 10-Q for FY2025 Q3
Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (TRLV)
10-Q
2025-11-05
For: 2025-09-30
View Original
Added on
April 04, 2026
About this 10-Q
Trulieve Cannabis Corp filed this 10-Q on November 5, 2025, covering the quarter ended September 30, 2025 (FY2025 Q3).
Headline figures
Quarter ended September 30, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $288.19M
- up 1.4% from $284.28M a year earlier
- Net loss
- $28.78M
- compared with a net loss of $61.86M a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________________________________________
(Mark One)
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 000-56248
_________________________________________________________
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
_________________________________________________________
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(850 ) 298-8866
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
| N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| x | Accelerated filer | o | ||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of October 31, 2025, the registrant had 167,931,952 Subordinate Voting Shares and 23,226,386 Multiple Voting Shares (on an as converted basis) outstanding.
TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.
Table of Contents
| Page | ||||||||
i
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may”, “will”, “would”, “could”, “should”, “believes”, “estimates”, “projects”, “potential”, “expects”, “plans”, “intends”, “anticipates”, “targeted”, “continues”, “forecasts”, “designed”, “goal”, or the negative of those words or other similar or comparable words. Any statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects. The forward-looking statements contained herein are based on certain key expectations and assumptions, including, but not limited to, with respect to expectations and assumptions concerning receipt and/or maintenance of required licenses and third party consents and the success of our operations, are based on estimates prepared by us using data from publicly available governmental sources, as well as from market research and industry analysis, and on assumptions based on data and knowledge of this industry that we believe to be reasonable. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or developments and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. As a result, any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may turn out to be inaccurate. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Risk Factors” and discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
ii
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current Assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term investments | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash - current | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | |||||||||||
| Inventories | |||||||||||
| Income tax receivable | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | |||||||||||
| Other current assets | |||||||||||
| Notes receivable - current portion, net | |||||||||||
| Assets associated with discontinued operations | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Right of use assets - operating, net | |||||||||||
| Right of use assets - finance, net | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Notes receivable, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Long-term assets associated with discontinued operations | |||||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES | |||||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Notes payable - current portion | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities - current portion | |||||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities - current portion | |||||||||||
| Construction finance liabilities - current portion | |||||||||||
| Contingencies | |||||||||||
| Liabilities associated with discontinued operations | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-Term Liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Private placement notes, net | |||||||||||
| Notes payable, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Construction finance liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||||||||||
| Uncertain tax position liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term liabilities associated with discontinued operations | |||||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | $ | $ | |||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 3) | |||||||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||||||
Common stock, | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | ( | ( | |||||||||
| TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except for share data)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment and other charges, net of (recoveries) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other expense, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss from continuing operations | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit (provision) of $ | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest from continuing operations | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to common shareholders | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
Earnings Per Share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share - Continuing operations: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share - Discontinued operations: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares used in computing net loss per share: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except for share data)
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Multiple Voting Shares | Subordinate Voting Shares | Total Common Shares | Additional Paid-in-Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Non-Controlling Interest | Total Shareholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate Voting Shares issued under share compensation plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax withholding related to net share settlements of equity awards | — | ( | ( | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinate Voting Shares issued under share compensation plans | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax withholding related to net share settlements of equity awards | — | ( | ( | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to maximum redemption value | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated VIE settlement transaction | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Multiple Voting Shares | Subordinate Voting Shares | Total Common Shares | Additional Paid-in-Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Non-Controlling Interest | Total Shareholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate Voting Shares issued under share compensation plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax withholding related to net share settlements of equity awards | — | ( | ( | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to subsidiary non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinate Voting Shares issued under share compensation plans | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax withholding related to net share settlements of equity awards | — | ( | ( | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to subsidiary non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of Multiple Voting to Subordinate Voting Shares | ( | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redeemable non-controlling interest mezzanine equity | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to maximum redemption value | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinate Voting Shares issued pursuant to redemption of non-controlling interest | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated VIE settlement transaction | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Depreciation included in cost of goods sold | |||||||||||
| Impairment and other charges, net of (recoveries) | ( | ||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other non-cash changes | |||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other assets | ( | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Income tax receivable / payable | ( | ||||||||||
| Other liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Uncertain tax position liabilities | |||||||||||
| Proceeds received from insurance for operating expenses | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Purchases of internal use software | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Purchases of short-term investments | ( | ||||||||||
| Maturities of short-term investments | |||||||||||
| Other purchases and payments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other proceeds | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Payments on long-term borrowings | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other payments and distributions | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from equity exercises | |||||||||||
| Other proceeds | |||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Less: cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, end of period | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | |||||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for | |||||||||||
| Interest | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Income taxes paid, net of (refunds) | ( | ||||||||||
| Noncash investing and financing activities | |||||||||||
| ASC 842 lease additions - operating and finance leases | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Operating license intangible placed into service, transfer from other assets | |||||||||||
| Reclassification of assets to held for sale | |||||||||||
| Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to maximum redemption value | |||||||||||
The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows include continuing operations and discontinued operations for the periods presented.
| September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Beginning of period: | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents (1) | $ | $ | |||||||||
Restricted cash - current | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | |||||||||
| End of period: | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents (2) | $ | $ | |||||||||
Restricted cash - current | |||||||||||
Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) Excludes cash associated with discontinued operations totaling $ | |||||
(2) Excludes cash associated with discontinued operations totaling $ | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Trulieve Cannabis Corp., ("Trulieve," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us") has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and, therefore, do not include all financial information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In management's opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position as of September 30, 2025, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The results of the Company's operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full 2025 fiscal year.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for Trulieve Cannabis Corp. and the notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 27, 2025 (the "2024 Form 10-K").
Discontinued Operations
Basis of Measurement
The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries, as determined by management, is the United States (“U.S.”) dollar. These condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars.
Reclassifications
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025. Our management has reviewed these significant accounting policies and related disclosures and determined that there were no significant changes to our significant accounting policies during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025.
5
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements, other than those below, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") did not or are not believed by management to have a material effect on the Company’s present or future financial statements or disclosures.
ASU 2025-05 - In July 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The amendment provides a practical expedient for estimating credit losses on current accounts receivable and contract assets arising from revenue transactions under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, including those acquired in business combinations. Entities may assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date will persist through the reasonable and supportable forecast period for eligible assets. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and is to be adopted prospectively. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, but do not expect it to have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2025-06 - In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendment modernizes the accounting for internal-use software by removing references to prescriptive development stages and introducing a principles-based capitalization framework. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
NOTE 3. SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following as of:
Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following as of:
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Raw materials | |||||||||||
| Cannabis plants | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Packaging and supplies | |||||||||||
| Total raw materials | |||||||||||
| Work in process | |||||||||||
| Finished goods - unmedicated | |||||||||||
| Finished goods - medicated | |||||||||||
Total inventories | $ | $ | |||||||||
Notes Receivable
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Notes receivable, gross | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Less: allowance for credit losses | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Less: current portion of notes receivable | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Notes receivable, net | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The provision for credit losses is recorded to other expense, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and was $
6
Fair Value Measurements
The fair values of financial instruments measured on a recurring basis by class are as follows as of:
Fair Value Hierarchy Level (1) | September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
Financial Assets: | |||||||||||||||||
Money market funds (2) | Level 1 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Certificates of deposit (3) | Level 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Financial Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap (4) | Level 2 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
(1) There were | |||||
(2) Interest income from money market funds was $ | |||||
(3) The certificates of deposit outstanding at December 31, 2024 matured in the first quarter of 2025. Interest income from certificates of deposit was $ | |||||
(4) The fair value of the interest rate swap liability is recorded in other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. | |||||
Shared Based Compensation
Stock Options
The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:
| Number of options | |||||
| Outstanding options, beginning of period | |||||
Granted (1) | |||||
| Exercised | ( | ||||
| Forfeited | ( | ||||
| Expired | ( | ||||
| Outstanding options, end of period | |||||
| Vested and exercisable options, end of period | |||||
(1) The weighted average exercise price for stock options granted was $ | |||||
Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock unit ("RSU") activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:
| Number of restricted stock units | |||||
| Unvested balance, beginning of period | |||||
Granted (1) | |||||
| Vested | ( | ||||
| Forfeited | ( | ||||
| Unvested balance, end of period | |||||
7
(1) The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted was $ | |||||
Revenue Disaggregation
Revenue is comprised of the following for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Wholesale and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Licenses
Although the possession, cultivation, and distribution of cannabis is permitted for medical and/or adult use in the states in which the Company operates, cannabis is a Schedule-I controlled substance and its use remains a violation of federal law. Since federal law criminalizing the use of cannabis preempts state laws that legalize its use, strict enforcement of federal law regarding cannabis would likely result in the Company’s inability to proceed with the Company's business plans. In addition, the Company’s assets, including cash and cash equivalents, real property, equipment, and other goods, could be subject to asset forfeiture because cannabis is still federally illegal.
Claims and Litigation
From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of operations in the normal course of business. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no pending or threatened lawsuits that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the results of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. There are also no proceedings in which any of the Company’s directors, officers, or affiliates has a material interest adverse to the Company’s interest.
Contingencies
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $0.8 million and $6.3 million, respectively, were included in contingent liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets related to various pending litigation claims as the loss is probable and can be estimated.
An acquisition in 2021 included a contingency providing for an additional $5.0 million in consideration which is contingent on the enactment, adoption or approval of laws allowing for adult-use cannabis in Pennsylvania. No liability was recorded for this contingent consideration, as the estimated value of the liability was not significant at the time of the acquisition nor as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, based on the likelihood of approval of laws allowing for adult-use cannabis in Pennsylvania.
Lease Guarantee
8
NOTE 4. LONG-TERM BORROWINGS
Private Placement Notes
Private placement notes payable consisted of the following as of:
Private Placement Notes
Private placement notes payable consisted of the following as of:
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | Stated Interest Rate | Effective Interest Rate | Maturity Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Notes - Tranche One | $ | $ | 10/6/2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Notes - Tranche Two | 10/6/2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total private placement notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: current portion of private placement notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private placement notes, net | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Notes Payable
Notes payable consisted of the following as of:
Notes payable consisted of the following as of:
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | Stated Interest Rate | Effective Interest Rate | Maturity Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage Notes Payable (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes dated December 21, 2022 (4) | $ | $ | (4) | 1/1/2028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes dated December 22, 2023 | 12/22/2028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes dated December 22, 2022 (5) | 12/22/2032 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes dated October 1, 2021 | 11/1/2027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total mortgage notes payable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Promissory Notes Payable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes acquired in Harvest Acquisition in October 2021 (2) | (2) | (2) | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total promissory notes payable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total notes payable (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: current portion of notes payable | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes payable, net | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Underlying assets are pledged as collateral for the mortgage notes payable. | |||||
(2) Interest rates range from | |||||
(3) Notes payable are subordinated to the private placement notes. | |||||
(4) The mortgage note payable interest rate is a variable rate equal to the CME Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus | |||||
(5) Restricted cash of $ | |||||
Construction Finance Liabilities
Total construction finance liabilities were $136.6 million and $137.4 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The contractual terms range from 10.0 years to 25.0 years with a weighted average remaining lease term of 15.2 years.
Financial and Other Covenants
Certain long-term borrowing agreements contain various operating and financial covenants as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all such operating and financial covenants.
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Maturities
Stated maturities of the principal portion of private placement and notes payable outstanding and future minimum lease payments for the construction finance liabilities, including interest, as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:
| Private Placement Notes | Notes Payable | Construction Finance Liabilities | Total Maturities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Remainder of 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 5. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following is a reconciliation for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator | (in thousands, except for per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to maximum redemption value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations available to common shareholders | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Discontinued operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (provision) benefit of $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Denominator | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - Basic and diluted (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss per share - Continuing operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted loss per share | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Loss per share - Discontinued operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted loss per share | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
(1) Potentially dilutive securities representing | |||||
As of September 30, 2025, there were approximately 191.1 0.2 million fully vested RSUs that are not contractually issuable until the earlier of a defined triggering event or the award anniversary date, either December 1, 2030 or December 1, 2031.
As of September 30, 2025, there were 9,496 warrants outstanding, each exercisable for one Subordinate Voting Share at an exercise price of $23.76 , with an expiration date of December 30, 2025.
NOTE 6. INCOME TAXES
The following table summarizes the Company’s income tax expense and effective tax rate for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | $ | $( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The Company has computed its provision for income taxes based on the actual effective tax rate for the quarter as the Company believes this is the best estimate for the annual effective tax rate. The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and Canada.
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Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax positions and determining the provision for income taxes. The Company recognizes benefits from uncertain tax positions based on the cumulative probability method whereby the largest benefit with a cumulative probability of greater than 50% is recorded. An uncertain tax position is not recognized if it has a 50% or less likelihood of being sustained.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the periods presented:
| September 30, 2025 | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reductions based on tax positions related to the prior year | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | |||||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions related to the prior years | |||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of uncertain tax position liabilities, net for the periods presented:
| September 30, 2025 | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reductions based on tax positions related to the prior year | ( | ||||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | |||||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions related to the prior year | |||||||||||
| Reclass tax payments on deposit | |||||||||||
Interest recorded in income tax expense, net of reversals (1) | |||||||||||
Balance, end of period (2) (3) | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) Amounts represent the interest recorded on uncertain tax positions during the respective years which are recorded in the provision for income taxes on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. | |||||
(2) The Company has taken a position that IRC Section 280E does not preclude it from deducting ordinary and necessary business expenditures on its tax returns. Of the $ | |||||
(3) The ending balance includes accrued interest of $ | |||||
The Company recorded interest on uncertain tax positions totaling $13.8 million and $7.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $35.3 million and $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, to the provision for income taxes on the condensed consolidated statements of operations, which was primarily related to the tax positions based on legal interpretations that challenge the Company's tax liability under IRC Section 280E.
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The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are currently under examination by the relevant taxing authorities for various tax years. Certain of these examinations include a review of the Company's tax positions based on legal interpretations that challenge the Company's tax liability under IRC 280E. The Company does not reasonably expect the potential outcomes of these examinations to materially change the amount of unrecognized tax benefit over the next 12 months. The Company is no longer subject to examination by tax authorities for years before 2019.
In September 2025, the IRS issued Revenue Agent Reports ("RARs") proposing assessment of taxes, interest, and penalties for some of the Company's subsidiaries that were under audit. Trulieve has submitted protests to dispute those proposed liabilities before the IRS Independent Office of Appeals. Those protests reflect legal arguments that Trulieve believes have merit. The proposed tax and interest amounts were previously included in the Company's uncertain tax position liabilities; however, the total penalty amount proposed, approximately $38.1 million, is not included in the Company's uncertain tax position. The Company believes the proposed penalties are without merit and will contest them vigorously.
NOTE 7. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Company has entered into certain agreements in several states with various entities related to the purchase and operation of cannabis dispensary, cultivation, and production licenses, and has determined these to be variable interest entities ("VIEs") for which it is the primary beneficiary and/or holds a controlling voting equity position. The Company holds an ownership interest in these entities ranging from
The summarized assets and liabilities of the Company's consolidated VIEs in which the Company does not hold a majority interest are presented in the table below as of the periods indicated and include third-party assets and liabilities of the Company's VIEs only and exclude intercompany balances that were eliminated in consolidation.
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | |||||||||||
Inventories | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
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NOTE 8. RELATED PARTIES
In 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to rent an asset from an entity that is directly owned in part by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the board of directors. The expense related to the use of this asset was $
The Company leases a cultivation facility and corporate office facility from an entity that is indirectly owned by the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the board of directors, a former member of the Company's board of directors, and another member of the Company's board of directors.
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities - current portion | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total related parties lease liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
Lease expense recognized on leases with related parties was $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and recorded to cost of goods sold and selling, general, and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
NOTE 9. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
The following table summarizes the Company's loss from discontinued operations for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on lease terminations, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other expense, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit (provision) of $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
15
The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows include continuing operations and discontinued operations.
Construction Finance Liability
Future minimum lease payments, including interest, for the construction finance liability associated with discontinued operations as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:
| Year | (in thousands) | |||||||
| Remainder of 2025 | $ | |||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total future payments | $ | |||||||
NOTE 10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On November 4, 2025, the Company issued a notice of redemption for all of its outstanding
16
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of Trulieve Cannabis Corp., together with its subsidiaries ("Trulieve," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us") should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes thereto and "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (our "2024 Form 10-K").
This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those described in the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should read “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” contained herein and in our 2024 Form 10-K. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Projections” in “Part II. Other Information” of this report. You should consider our forward-looking statements in light of the risks discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in “Part II. Other Information” of this report and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report, and the risks discussed in "Item 1A, Risk Factors" of the Form 10-K and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
Overview
Trulieve Cannabis Corp. is a reporting issuer in the United States and Canada. The Company’s Subordinate Voting Shares (as hereinafter defined) are listed for trading on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”) under the symbol “TRUL” and are also traded in the United States on the OTCQX Best Market (“OTCQX”) under the symbol “TCNNF”.
Trulieve is a vertically integrated cannabis company and multi-state operator with operations in nine states. Headquartered in Quincy, Florida, we are the largest cannabis retailer in the United States with market leading retail operations in Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. We are committed to delivering exceptional customer experiences through elevated service and high-quality branded products. We aim to be the brand of choice for medical and adult-use customers in all of the markets that we serve. The Company operates in highly regulated markets that require expertise in cultivation, manufacturing, and retail. We have developed proficiencies in each of these functional areas and are passionate about expanding access to regulated cannabis products through advocacy, education and expansion of our distribution network.
All of the states in which we operate have developed programs to permit the use of cannabis products for medicinal purposes to treat specific conditions and diseases, which we refer to as medical cannabis. Recreational cannabis, or adult-use cannabis, is legal cannabis sold in licensed dispensaries to adults ages 21 and older. Thus far, of the states in which we operate, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, and Ohio, have already launched programs legalizing the sale of adult-use cannabis products. Trulieve operates its business through its owned subsidiaries which hold licenses in the states in which they operate.
As of September 30, 2025, we operated the following:
| State | Number of Dispensaries | Number of Cultivation and Processing Facilities | ||||||||||||
| Florida | 162 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Arizona | 22 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | 21 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| West Virginia | 10 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Ohio | 7 | — | ||||||||||||
| Georgia | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Maryland | 3 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Connecticut | 1 | — | ||||||||||||
Colorado | — | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 232 | 15 | ||||||||||||
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Regional Hub Structure
Trulieve’s production, retail, and distribution areas are organized into regional hubs whereby teams and assets are aggregated in order to effectively pair national structure and support with localized operations tailored to each market. Trulieve has established cannabis operations in three hubs: Southeast, Northeast, and Southwest. Each of our three regional hubs are anchored by market leading positions in cornerstone states of Florida, Pennsylvania, and Arizona.
In Florida and Georgia, Trulieve cultivates, processes, and manufactures all cannabis products sold in our dispensaries. In other markets including Arizona, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, we have achieved varying percentages of vertical integration with cultivation and processing operations to support our retail and wholesale businesses. Our investments in vertically integrated operations in several of our markets afford us ownership of the entire supply chain, which mitigates third-party risks and allows us to completely control product quality and brand experience. Trulieve employs an in-house quality team as well as testing laboratories in select markets, both of which allow us to more tightly control product quality.
Cultivation and Manufacturing of Cannabis Products
Trulieve produces high quality cannabis flower and uses a variety of processes to transform biomass into products sold through our retail and wholesale distribution network. With a focus on replicable, scalable operations, we have developed design standards, standard operating procedures, and training protocols that are employed across cultivation sites to achieve a high level of consistency and quality. The modular nature of our standard designs enables quick and incremental additions to capacity where appropriate. In Florida, where demand is high enough to support larger scale production, our state-of-the-art 750,000 square foot automated indoor cultivation facility affords us greater flexibility on pricing, promotional cadence, and assortment by enabling production of high potency and high-quality products at lower costs.
We utilize various extraction techniques including supercritical ethanol extraction, carbon dioxide extraction, hydrocarbon extraction, and mechanical separation. We have invested in light hydrocarbon extraction, which typically offers higher yields than other extraction methods and allows for concentrates that preserve the natural ratios of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other target compounds to better replicate the flower experience. Ethanol extraction and carbon dioxide extraction techniques offer different benefits than hydrocarbon extraction and are each used for specific purposes, such as production of oil for use in manufactured goods and targeted extraction of specific compounds. In addition, we employ distillation, purification, and manufacturing technologies to further refine extracts and transform them into a wide variety of finished products.
Distribution of Branded Product through Branded Retail
Distribution of branded products through our branded retail locations is a core driver of our long-term strategy. We have developed and acquired a curated portfolio of our own branded retail products that we cultivate, manufacture and distribute in over 200 Trulieve retail locations. By providing customers with consistent high-quality products and outstanding experiences, we aim to garner a large and loyal customer base across our distribution network.
Trulieve brands include premium tier brands Avenue, Cultivar Collection, and Muse; mid-tier brands Alchemy, Modern Flower, Momenta, and Sweet Talk, and value tier brands Co2lors, and Roll One. Established relationships with brand partners allow for the sale of partner-branded products in select markets and retail locations, providing our customers with access to a greater variety and specialty brands. Brand partnerships include arrangements with Alien Labs, Bellamy Brothers, Binske, Black Buddha, Black Tuna, Blue River, Connected, DeLisioso, Khalifa Kush, Love’s Oven, Miami Mango, Moxie, Redemption Cannabis, Seed Junky and Sunshine Cannabis.
This year, we entered the THC beverage category with the launch of premium Onward cocktail alternative beverages in February and Upward energy drinks in July. Onward and Upward are Farm bill compliant non-alcoholic beverages made in the United States using naturally derived THC and CBD. These beverages are available online at drinkonward.com and in retail locations in Florida and Illinois.
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Customer Experience
Since inception, Trulieve has prioritized creating exceptional customer experiences, developing the business to center around the Trulieve philosophy of “Customers First”. This customer-centric approach permeates our culture and informs strategic decision making.
Our goal is to foster brand loyalty by providing customers with industry-leading branded products and superior service in an appealing, approachable setting. We accomplish this by creating and reinforcing positive customer experiences. Customer feedback informs our approach across all aspects of the customer journey including products, service, and messaging. We track various metrics including overall satisfaction, net promoter, and customer effort scores. We employ and continuously refine numerous training programs to provide our associates with the resources they need to deliver outstanding customer experiences across the entire Trulieve platform. We offer specialized management training and incentives to reward positive outcomes so there is continuous reinforcement of customer experience best practices.
Marketing Strategies
Trulieve’s marketing strategies are tailored to address the unique attributes of the markets in which we operate. Generally, in markets where we serve medical patients, our messaging centers around education and outreach for physicians and medical patients. Our educational materials are designed to help physicians understand cannabinoid science, the high standards pursuant to which our plants are cultivated, the processes required for regulatory compliance, and how our products provide relief for their patients. Patients primarily learn about us through their physicians, patient-centric community events, and digital marketing. We regularly participate in outreach and community events. An engaged audience is captured through our digital content marketing and via multiple popular social media platforms.
We regularly engage with various communities who may benefit from cannabis, such as veterans, seniors, organizations that serve qualifying populations, and various health and wellness groups. Search engine optimization of our website also captures potential customers researching the benefits of cannabis, which offers another pathway to informative materials about cannabis, our products and how to legally access them.
In adult-use markets, marketing efforts aim to attract customers with varying levels of awareness of cannabis and Trulieve. We continue to delineate and refine our understanding of various customer personas, which factors such as location, products and pricing attract and retain customers, and which incentives are effective in driving specific outcomes. Connecting with a broader audience requires different strategies that inspire, tap into relevant cultural moments in their lives, build community as well as educate customers on our products’ uniqueness versus our competitors.
We understand each consumer has unique communication preferences and capabilities. As such, we engage with customers and physicians through a variety of methods including email, text, social media and online chat. In select markets we offer various purchase options, including phone ordering, online ordering, home delivery, and in-store. In all markets, Trulieve offers a customer rewards program featuring fully stackable and portable points as appropriate within existing regulatory frameworks.
Investments in Infrastructure and Technology
We have made significant investments in developing and deploying technology and data platforms designed to support scaled operations and growth in customers served and units sold. Through our customer data platform, we can analyze data to discern customer preferences, patterns, and trends which inform our product mix and allocation, promotional strategies, and outreach. Investments in our enterprise-grade platforms enable greater sophistication across production, retail, and wholesale operations and numerous support functions including accounting and finance, human resources, legal and compliance. We believe infrastructure and data capabilities are prerequisites for long term success in an increasingly competitive and integrated commerce environment.
Competitive Conditions and Position
The markets in which we operate are highly competitive markets with relatively high barriers to entry given the limited quantity of licenses available and the highly regulated nature of the cannabis industry. See “—Regulatory Overview” in Item 1—Business in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the impact of regulation on
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our business. We compete directly with cannabis producers and retailers within single-state operating markets, as well as those that operate across several U.S. state markets.
The vast majority of both manufacturing and retail competitors in our markets are either localized businesses with operations in a single state market or regional players. Other multi-state cannabis operators compete directly in several of our operating markets. Aside from this direct competition, out-of-state operators that are sufficiently capitalized to enter those markets through acquisitions are also part of the competitive landscape. Similarly, as we execute on our regional hub strategy and expand across the U.S., operators in our future state markets will inevitably become direct competitors. Increased competition by larger and better financed competitors could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face additional competition from new entrants. If the number of consumers of medical and adult-use cannabis in our markets increases, the demand for products will increase and we expect that competition will become more intense as current and future competitors offer an increasing number of diversified products and engage in price competition. We expect to continue to invest in several areas, including customer experience, product innovation, scaled production, marketing and branding, and distribution network expansion. Trulieve may not have sufficient resources to maintain investments on a competitive basis, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operational results. The management team monitors developments in the fast-paced cannabis industry and adjacent industries to help us remain competitive.
We also compete indirectly with operators in the illicit market for cannabis and manufacturers and retailers of intoxicating hemp products.
See "Part I Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information regarding competition.
Seasonality
Our business operates year-round. Operations and sales trends in select markets do follow seasonal trends at various times of the year, providing seasonal impacts on sales in summer and winter months and increases from promotional activity around specific industry and holiday events including 4/20, 7/10, and Green Wednesday (the Wednesday before Thanksgiving).
Recent Developments
Tariffs
The U.S. government recently announced tariffs on goods imported from various countries, which have led to reciprocal tariffs and other trade measures. The effects from these new tariffs and trade measures did not have a material impact on our profitability in the first nine months of 2025. Although we are actively monitoring the tariff developments and analyzing the potential impacts, we currently do not expect them to have a material impact on our business, cost structure, or supply chain.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company’s accounting policies that we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are described in our 2024 Form 10-K under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.” During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates.
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Financial Review
Results of Continuing Operations
This section of this Form 10-Q generally describes and compares our results of continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
The following table and discussion compares condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the quarter-to-date periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 vs. 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statements of Operations Data | Amount | Amount | Amount Change | Percentage Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 288,187 | $ | 284,284 | $ | 3,903 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 118,330 | 111,006 | 7,324 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 169,857 | 173,278 | (3,421) | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general, and administrative | 99,019 | 148,624 | (49,605) | (33) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 29,456 | 28,332 | 1,124 | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment and other charges, net of (recoveries) | (856) | (4,296) | (3,440) | (80) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 127,619 | 172,660 | (51,921) | (30) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Income from operations | 42,238 | 618 | 48,500 | 7,848 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | (16,086) | (17,459) | (1,373) | (8) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 4,394 | 4,202 | 192 | 5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | (1,245) | (198) | 1,047 | 529 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other expense, net | (12,937) | (13,455) | (518) | (4) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | 29,301 | (12,837) | 42,138 | 328 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 53,036 | 47,383 | 5,653 | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss from continuing operations | (23,735) | (60,220) | (36,485) | (61) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit (provision) of $0 and $0, respectively | (5,049) | (1,636) | 3,413 | 209 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (28,784) | $ | (61,856) | $ | (33,072) | (53) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of Revenue | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 41.1 | % | 39.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 58.9 | % | 61.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general, and administrative | 34.4 | % | 52.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue
Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $288.2 million, an increase of $3.9 million, from $284.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in revenue was driven by a $1.6 million increase in retail revenue and a $2.4 million increase in wholesale and other revenue.
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The increase in revenue was driven by new store openings, adult use sales in Ohio and wholesale growth, which was partially offset by price compression.
Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit
Cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $118.3 million, an increase of $7.3 million from $111.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue was 41.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to 39.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, which was driven by price compression, partly offset by lower production costs. Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $169.9 million, a decrease of $3.4 million from $173.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 58.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to 61.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Gross margin will continue to fluctuate quarter to quarter depending on product and market mix, inventory sell through, promotional activity and idle capacity costs.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expense
Selling, general, and administrative expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $99.0 million, a decrease of $49.6 million from $148.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Selling, general, and administrative expense as a percentage of revenues was 34.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 52.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in the current period expenditures compared to the prior year comparable period reflects lower campaign and political contributions, totaling $6.3 million in the current period compared to $48.4 million in the prior year period, in addition to general operating expense reductions.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $29.5 million, an increase of $1.1 million from $28.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Impairment and Other Charges, Net of (Recoveries)
Impairment and other charges, net of recoveries was a gain of $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to a gain of $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $16.1 million, a decrease of $1.4 million from $17.5 million for three months ended September 30, 2024.
Interest Income
Interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $4.4 million, an increase of $0.2 million from $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $1.2 million, an increase of $1.0 million from $0.2 million for three months ended September 30, 2024.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $53.0 million, an increase of $5.7 million from $47.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The provision for income taxes as a percentage of gross profit was 31.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 27.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in tax expense in the third quarter of 2025 was driven by an increase in interest expense on uncertain tax positions.
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The following table and discussion compares condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the year-to-date periods presented:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 vs. 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Amount | Amount Change | Percentage Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 888,033 | $ | 885,345 | $ | 2,688 | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 352,031 | 356,617 | (4,586) | (1) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 536,002 | 528,728 | 7,274 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 318,907 | 352,516 | (33,609) | (10) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 88,211 | 84,163 | 4,048 | 5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment and other charges, net of (recoveries) | 686 | (4,423) | 5,109 | 116 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 407,804 | 432,256 | (24,452) | (6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Income from operations | 128,198 | 96,472 | 31,726 | 33 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | (48,774) | (47,577) | 1,197 | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 11,100 | 11,499 | (399) | (3) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense, net | (1,992) | (4,778) | (2,786) | (58) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total other expense, net | (39,666) | (40,856) | (1,190) | (3) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Income before provision for income taxes | 88,532 | 55,616 | 32,916 | 59 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 160,220 | 150,018 | 10,202 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss from continuing operations | (71,688) | (94,402) | (22,714) | (24) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit (provision) of $(441) and $0, respectively | (6,966) | (4,613) | 2,353 | 51 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (78,654) | $ | (99,015) | $ | (20,361) | (21) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of Revenue | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 39.6 | % | 40.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 60.4 | % | 59.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general, and administrative | 35.9 | % | 39.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue
Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $888.0 million, an increase of $2.7 million from $885.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by a $9.6 million increase in wholesale and other revenue, which was partially offset by a $6.9 million decrease in retail revenue.
The increase in wholesale and other revenue was primarily driven by new and expanded relationships with wholesale partners driving higher wholesale revenue in Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
The decrease in retail revenue was driven by price compression, partially offset by higher traffic and units sold in the current period. The increase in traffic and units sold was partially driven by higher retail sales in the current period in Ohio due to Ohio being a medical-only market in the prior year comparative period and an adult-use and medical market in the current period.
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Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit
Cost of goods sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $352.0 million, a decrease of $4.6 million from $356.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Lower production costs contributed to lower cost of goods sold. Cost of goods as a percentage of revenues was 39.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 40.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $536.0 million, an increase of $7.3 million from $528.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 60.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to 59.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Gross margin will continue to fluctuate quarter to quarter depending on product and market mix, inventory sell through, promotional activity and idle capacity costs.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general, and administrative expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $318.9 million, a decrease of $33.6 million from $352.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Selling, general, and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue was 35.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 39.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in the current period expenditures compared to the prior year period primarily reflects lower campaign and political contributions, totaling $33.7 million in the current period versus $62.7 million in the prior year period, in addition to general operating expense reductions.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $88.2 million, an increase of $4.0 million from $84.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to higher amortization expense driven by investments in internal-use software.
Impairment and Other Charges, Net of Recoveries
Impairment and other charges, net of recoveries for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was a loss of $0.7 million compared to a gain of $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $48.8 million, an increase of $1.2 million from $47.6 million for nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Interest Income
Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $11.1 million, a decrease of $0.4 million from $11.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $11.1 million, a decrease of $0.4 million from $11.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $2.0 million, a decrease of $2.8 million, from other expense, net of $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change is primarily a result of the provision for credit losses recorded on non-operating notes receivable in the prior year being greater than in the current year.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $160.2 million, an increase of $10.2 million from $150.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The provision for income taxes as a percentage of gross profit was 29.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 28.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in tax expense for 2025 was driven by an increase in gross profit for the period, as well as an increase in interest expense on uncertain tax positions, partially offset by the first quarter of 2024.
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having a one-time impact of changing certain state tax filings which required us to revalue deferred taxes in those states.
Management's Use of Non-GAAP Measures
Our management uses a financial measure that is not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S., or GAAP, in addition to financial measures in accordance with GAAP to evaluate our operating results. This non-GAAP financial measure should be considered supplemental to, and not a substitute for, our reported financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not defined under GAAP. Our management uses this non-GAAP financial measure and believes it enhances an investor’s understanding of our financial and operating performance from period to period because it excludes certain material non-cash items and certain other adjustments management believes are not reflective of our ongoing operations and performance. EBITDA is calculated as net loss before net: interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as net loss before net interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes and depreciation which is then adjusted for certain contributions, such as campaign and political initiatives, items that we do not believe represent the operations of the core business such as acquisition, transaction and other non-recurring costs including major system changes, impairments and disposals of long-lived assets including goodwill, discontinued operations, share-based compensation, and other income and expense items.
We report Adjusted EBITDA to help investors assess the operating performance of the Company’s business. The financial measure noted above is a metric that has been adjusted from the GAAP net income measure in an effort to provide readers with a normalized metric in making comparisons more meaningful across the cannabis industry, as well as to remove non-recurring, irregular and one-time items that may otherwise distort the GAAP net income measure.
As noted above, our Adjusted EBITDA is not prepared in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation of, or as an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are a number of limitations related to the use of Adjusted EBITDA rather than net income, which is the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Because of these limitations, we consider, and you should consider, Adjusted EBITDA together with other operating and financial performance measures presented in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA, has been included herein immediately following our discussion of “Adjusted EBITDA”.
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Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $102.7 million, an increase of $6.6 million from $96.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase primarily resulted from improved expense control in our core business.
Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $322.5 million, an increase of $13.6 million from $308.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase primarily resulted from improved gross profit and expense control in our core business.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss attributable to common shareholders (GAAP) to non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA, for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to common shareholders | $ | (26,835) | $ | (60,213) | $ | (73,485) | $ | (95,320) | |||||||||||||||
| Add (deduct) impact of: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 16,086 | 17,459 | 48,774 | 47,577 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | (4,394) | (4,202) | (11,100) | (11,499) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 53,036 | 47,383 | 160,220 | 150,018 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 29,456 | 28,332 | 88,211 | 84,163 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation included in cost of goods sold | 13,949 | 13,305 | 41,526 | 40,098 | |||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA (Non-GAAP) | 81,298 | 42,064 | 254,146 | 215,037 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment and other charges, net of (recoveries) | (856) | (4,296) | 686 | (4,423) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Campaign and political contributions | 6,330 | 48,429 | 33,685 | 62,654 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, transaction, and other non-recurring costs | 3,825 | 2,586 | 8,514 | 10,600 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 5,785 | 5,469 | 16,490 | 15,579 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | 1,245 | 198 | 1,992 | 4,778 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to common shareholders | 5,049 | 1,636 | 6,966 | 4,613 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total adjustments | 21,378 | 54,022 | 68,333 | 93,801 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) | $ | 102,676 | $ | 96,086 | $ | 322,479 | $ | 308,838 | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) % of Revenue | 35.6 | % | 33.8 | % | 36.3 | % | 34.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
Since our inception, we have funded our operations and capital spending through cash flows from product sales, third-party debt, proceeds from the sale of our capital stock and loans from affiliates and entities controlled by our affiliates. We are generating cash from operations and are deploying our capital reserves to acquire and develop assets capable of producing additional revenues to support our business growth when advisable. Our current principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents provided by our operations as well as debt and equity offerings. The Company has generated, and expects to continue to generate, additional cash from operations. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash on deposit with banks and money market funds.
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Our primary uses of cash are for working capital requirements, capital expenditures, debt service payments, and income tax payments. Additionally, we may use cash to support cannabis market expansion related initiatives, such as Smart & Safe Florida, which we contributed to in 2025 and 2024. Working capital is used principally for personnel expenses as well as costs related to the cultivation, processing and distribution of our products. Our capital expenditures consist primarily of additional cultivation and processing facilities and retail dispensaries, and improvements to existing facilities to support the long-term growth in markets with adult-use catalysts as well as investments in technology infrastructure. In the current period, our debt service payments consist primarily of interest payments.
As of September 30, 2025, cash and cash equivalents were $449.2 million. We believe our existing cash balances will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q through at least the next 12 months. Any additional future requirements would likely be funded through the following sources of capital:
•Cash from ongoing operations,
•Debt or equity financings.
Cash Flows
The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows include continuing operations and discontinued operations. The table below highlights our cash flows for the periods presented:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 213,605 | $ | 240,809 | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 19,395 | (183,434) | |||||||||
Net cash used in financing activities | (15,105) | (27,082) | |||||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 217,895 | $ | 30,293 | |||||||
Cash Flows - Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $213.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $27.2 million compared to $240.8 million net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily due to $59.3 million of tax refunds from amended returns related to the Company's position that it does not owe taxes attributable to the application of Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code received in the first quarter of 2024 and an increase in working capital for inventory and accounts payable in the current period. This was partially offset by a decrease in campaign and political contributions of $29.0 million compared to the prior period.
Cash Flows - Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $19.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the $183.4 million net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change in net cash provided by investing activities was primarily driven by certificates of deposit entered into in the third quarter of 2024 which matured in the first quarter of 2025. Additionally, higher proceeds from asset sales and a reduction in capital expenditures in the current period contributed to the change in net cash provided by investing activities.
Cash Flows - Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $12.0 million, compared to $27.1 million net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by payments made in the prior period for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards and the consolidated VIE settlement transaction.
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Balance Sheet Exposure
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, substantially all of our condensed consolidated balance sheets is exposed to U.S. cannabis-related activities, and substantially all our revenue is from U.S. cannabis operations. We believe our operations are in material compliance with all applicable state and local laws, regulations, and licensing requirements in the states in which we operate. However, cannabis remains illegal under U.S. federal law. For information about risks related to U.S. cannabis operations, please refer to the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and "Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors" in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Contractual Obligations
For information on our commitments for financing arrangements, claims and litigation, contingencies, and other obligations, see Note 3. Supplementary Financial Information, Note 4. Long-Term Borrowings, and Note 6. Income Taxes in Part I. Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other than the $171.1 million increase in our uncertain tax position liabilities, there were no other material changes to our contractual obligations as set forth in Part II Item 7 of our 2024 Form 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of the date of this filing, we do not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on the results of operations or financial condition of, including, and without limitation, such considerations as liquidity and capital resources.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
There have been no material changes to our market risk disclosures as set forth in Part II Item 7A of our 2024 Form 10-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on our management's evaluation with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as of September 30, 2025, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our "disclosure controls and procedures" (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Internal Controls
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, our management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may”, “will”, “would”, “could”, “should”, “believes”, “estimates”, “projects”, “potential”, “expects”, “plans”, “intends”, “anticipates”, “targeted”, “continues”, “forecasts”, “designed”, “goal”, or the negative of those words or other similar or comparable words. These forward-looking statements include the Company’s statements regarding the Company’s expectations with respect to the sales of certain assets, statements regarding expected cost savings and long-term benefits from the Company’s cost streamlining efforts, the Company's beliefs regarding taxes it does not owe. Any statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects. The forward-looking statements contained herein are based on certain key expectations and assumptions, including, but not limited to, with respect to expectations and assumptions concerning receipt and/or maintenance of required licenses and third party consents and the success of our operations, are based on estimates prepared by us using data from publicly available governmental sources, as well as from market research and industry analysis, and on assumptions based on data and knowledge of this industry that we believe to be reasonable. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or development and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. As a result, any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may turn out to be inaccurate. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors” and discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in “Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors” of our 2024 Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These factors and risks include, among other things, the following:
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
•the illegality of cannabis under federal law;
•the uncertainty regarding the regulation of cannabis in the U.S.;
•the effect of constraints on marketing our products;
•the risks related to the newness of the cannabis industry;
•the effect of risks due to industry immaturity;
•the risk we may not be able to grow our product offerings and dispensary services;
•the effect of risks related to material acquisitions, investments, dispositions and other strategic transactions;
•the effect of risks related to growth management;
•the effect of restricted access to banking and other financial services by cannabis businesses and their clients;
29
•the risks related to maintaining cash deposits in excess of federally insured limits;
•our ability to comply with potential future FDA regulations;
•the risks related to control over variable interest entities;
•the effects of risks related to any reclassification of cannabis or changes in U.S. controlled substance laws and regulations;
•the effect of restrictions under U.S. border entry laws;
•the effect of heightened scrutiny that we may face in the U.S. and Canada and the effect it could have to further limit the market of our securities for holders in the U.S.;
•our expectation that we will incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to our infrastructure, growth, regulatory compliance and operations;
•the effect of a limited market for our securities for holders in the U.S.;
•our ability to locate and obtain the rights to operate at preferred locations;
•the effect of unfavorable tax treatment for cannabis businesses;
•the effect of taxation on our business in the U.S. and Canada;
•the higher risk of IRS audit;
•the effect of the lack of bankruptcy protections for cannabis businesses;
•the effect of risks related to being a holding company;
•our ability to enforce our contracts;
•the effect of intense competition in the cannabis industry;
•our ability to obtain cannabis licenses or to maintain such licenses;
•the risks our subsidiaries may not be able to obtain their required licenses;
•our ability to accurately forecast operating results and plan our operations;
•the effect of agricultural and environmental risks;
•our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property;
•the effect of risks of civil asset forfeiture of our property;
•the effect of risks related to ineffective internal controls over financial reporting;
•the effect of risks related to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting;
•our dependency on key personnel;
•the effect of product liability claims;
•the effect of risks related to our products;
•the effect of unfavorable publicity or consumer perception;
•the effect of product recalls;
•the effect of security risks related to our products and our information technology systems;
•the effect of risks related to misconduct by our service providers and business partners;
•the effect of risks related to labor union activity;
•potential criminal prosecution or civil liabilities under RICO;
•the effect of risks related to our significant indebtedness;
•our ability to obtain adequate insurance coverage;
•the effect of risks related to key utility services on which we rely;
30
Risks Related to Owning Subordinate Voting Shares
•the possibility of no positive return on our securities;
•the effect of additional issuances of our securities in the future;
•the effect of sales of substantial amounts of our shares in the public market;
•volatility of the market price and liquidity risks on our shares;
•the lack of sufficient liquidity in the markets for our shares;
Risks Related to Being a Public Company
•the increased costs as a result of being a U.S. reporting company;
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
There are no actual or to our knowledge contemplated legal proceedings material to us or to which any of our or any of our subsidiaries’ properties are the subject matter, other than the following matter.
There are no actual or to our knowledge contemplated legal proceedings material to us or to which any of our or any of our subsidiaries’ properties are the subject matter, other than the following matter.
In September 2025, the IRS issued RARs proposing assessment of taxes, interest, and penalties for some of the Company's subsidiaries that were under audit. Trulieve has submitted protests to dispute those proposed liabilities before the IRS Independent Office of Appeals. Those protests reflect legal arguments that Trulieve believes have merit. The proposed tax and interest amounts were previously included in the Company's uncertain tax position liabilities; however, the total penalty amount proposed, approximately $38.1 million, is not included in the Company's uncertain tax position. The Company believes the proposed penalties are without merit and will contest them vigorously.
There have been no material penalties or sanctions imposed against the Company by a court or regulatory authority, and the Company has not entered into any material settlement agreements before any court relating to provincial or territorial securities legislation or with any securities regulatory authority, in the three years prior to the date of this prospectus, other than the matter discussed above.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Investing in our Subordinate Voting Shares involves a high degree of risk. Our 2024 Form 10-K includes detailed discussions of our risk factors under the heading “Part I, Item 1A—Risk Factors". You should consider carefully the risk factors discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K and all other information contained in or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q before making an investment decision. If any of the risks discussed in the 2024 Form 10-K actually occur, they may materially harm our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows or growth prospects. As a result, the market price of our Subordinate Voting Shares could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified or that we think are immaterial may also materially harm our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows or growth prospects and could result in a complete loss of your investment. There have been no material changes from such risk factors during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
31
Item 5. Other Information.
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted terminated
Item 6. Exhibits.
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||||||||
| 10.1 ‡ | |||||||||||
| 31.1 * | |||||||||||
| 31.2 * | |||||||||||
32.1 ** | |||||||||||
101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document | ||||||||||
101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | ||||||||||
101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | ||||||||||
101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | ||||||||||
101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | ||||||||||
101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | ||||||||||
104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) | ||||||||||
*Filed herewith. | |||||||||||
** Furnished herewith. | |||||||||||
| ‡ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. | |||||||||||
32
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP. | ||||||||
Date: November 5, 2025 | By: | /s/ Kim Rivers | ||||||
Kim Rivers | ||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
Date: November 5, 2025 | By: | /s/ Jan Reese | ||||||
Jan Reese | ||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||||
Date: November 5, 2025 | By: | /s/ Joy Malivuk | ||||||
Joy Malivuk | ||||||||
| Chief Accounting Officer | ||||||||
| (Principal Accounting Officer) | ||||||||
33
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULES 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Kim Rivers, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Trulieve Cannabis Corp.
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 5, 2025 | By: | /s/ Kim Rivers | ||||||
Kim Rivers | ||||||||
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULES 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Jan Reese, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Trulieve Cannabis Corp.
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 5, 2025 | By: | /s/ Jan Reese | ||||||
Jan Reese | ||||||||
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||||
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Each of the undersigned officers of Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (the “Company”) certifies, to her or his knowledge and solely for the purposes of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: November 5, 2025 | By: | /s/ Kim Rivers | ||||||
Kim Rivers | ||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
Date: November 5, 2025 | By: | /s/ Jan Reese | ||||||
Jan Reese | ||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||||