VCNX 10-Q
Vaccinex, Inc. (VCNX)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
For the quarterly period ended
OR
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices) |
(Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Title of each class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of each exchange on which registered |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer |
|
☐ |
|
Accelerated filer |
|
☐ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
☒ |
|
Smaller reporting company |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emerging growth company |
|
|
|
|
|
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
As of November 8, 2023, the registrant had
VACCINEX, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
|
|
Page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item 1. |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Unaudited) |
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
Item 2. |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
Item 3. |
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
Item 4. |
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item 1A. |
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
Item 6. |
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
2
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
VACCINEX, INC.
Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
||
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Accounts receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Property and equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Operating lease right-of-use asset |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
TOTAL ASSETS |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accounts payable |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Accrued expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Current portion of long-term debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Operating lease liability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Long-term debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Operating lease liability, net of current portion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
TOTAL LIABILITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
and contingencies (Note 6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Stockholders’ equity (deficit): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Common stock, par value of $ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Additional paid-in capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Treasury stock, at cost; |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Accumulated deficit |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY/(DEFICIT) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY/(DEFICIT) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
3
VACCINEX, INC.
Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
||||||||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Revenue |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Costs and expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Research and development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
General and administrative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total costs and expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Loss from operations |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Interest expense |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Other income (expense), net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Loss before provision for income taxes |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Provision for income taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net loss attributable to Vaccinex, Inc. common stockholders |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Comprehensive loss |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Net loss per share attributable to Vaccinex, Inc. common |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
4
VACCINEX, INC.
Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)
|
|
Common Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
Treasury Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Additional |
|
|
Common |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
Total |
|
|||||||
Balance as of January 1, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
||||
Issuance of Common Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|||
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
||
Net loss |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Balance as of March 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||||
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
||
Net loss |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||||
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
||
Net loss |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
Common Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
Treasury Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Additional |
|
|
Common |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
Total |
|
|||||||
Balance as of January 1, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
||||
Issuance of Common Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|||
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
||
Net loss |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
||||
Issuance of Common Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|||
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
||
Net loss |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Balance as of June 30, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|||
Issuance of Common Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|||
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
||
Net loss |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
5
VACCINEX, INC.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
|||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net loss |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Depreciation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accounts receivable |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accounts payable |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
Accrued expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net cash used in operating activities |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Purchase of property and equipment |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Payments of long-term debt |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Proceeds from private offering of common stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
NET (DECREASE)/INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS–Beginning of period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS–End of period |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
6
VACCINEX, INC.
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1. COMPANY AND NATURE OF BUSINESS
Vaccinex, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware in April 2001 and is headquartered in Rochester, New York. The Company is a clinical-stage biotechnology company engaged in the discovery and development of targeted biotherapeutics to treat serious diseases and conditions with unmet medical needs, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Since its inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts toward product research, manufacturing and clinical development, and raising capital.
The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties common to other early-stage biotechnology companies including, but not limited to, dependency on the successful development and commercialization of its product candidates, rapid technological change and competition, dependence on key personnel and collaborative partners, uncertainty of protection of proprietary technology and patents, clinical trial uncertainty, fluctuation in operating results and financial performance, the need to obtain additional funding, compliance with governmental regulations, technological and medical risks, management of growth and effectiveness of marketing by the Company. If the Company does not successfully commercialize or partner any of its product candidates, it will be unable to generate product revenue or achieve profitability.
Going Concern
These condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
The Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects to incur additional losses until such a time it can generate significant revenue from the commercialization of its product candidates. The Company had negative cash flow from operations of $
In response to these conditions, management is currently evaluating different strategies to obtain the required funding of future operations. Financing strategies may include, but are not limited to, the public or private sale of equity, debt financing or funds from other capital sources, such as government funding, collaborations, strategic alliances, divestment of non-core assets, or licensing arrangements with third parties. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure additional financing, or if available, that it will be sufficient to meet its needs or on favorable terms. Because management’s plans have not yet been finalized and are not within the Company’s control, the implementation of such plans cannot be considered probable. As a result, the Company has concluded that management’s plans do not alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
The condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
7
Note 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements reflect the accounts and operations of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information (Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 270, Interim Reporting) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information necessary for a full presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. In the opinion of management, the condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the Company for the periods presented.
These condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023.
Common Stock Reverse Split
On September 25, 2023, the
Use of Estimates
These condensed financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amount of expenses during the reporting period. Such management estimates include those relating to assumptions used in the valuation of stock option awards, and valuation allowances against deferred income tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Concentration of Credit Risk, Other Risks and Uncertainties
The Company is subject to a number of risks, including, but not limited to, the lack of available capital; the possible delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq, possible failure of preclinical testing or clinical trials; inability to obtain regulatory approval of product candidates; competitors developing new technological innovations; potential interruptions in the manufacturing and commercial supply operations; unsuccessful commercialization strategy and launch plans for its proprietary drug candidates; risks inherent in litigation, including purported class actions; market acceptance of the Company’s products; and protection of proprietary technology.
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are deposited in interest-bearing money market accounts. Although the Company deposits its cash with multiple financial institutions, cash balances may occasionally be in excess of the amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Management believes the financial risk associated with these balances is minimal and has not experienced any losses to date.
The Company has historically raised capital in transactions with investors that include members of its board of directors and entities controlled by certain board members. As such, the Company's directors, directly and indirectly, control a significant ownership percentage of the Company. The Company can provide no assurances that future financing will be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to it or that its directors or entities controlled by certain board members will be willing or able to participate in future capital raises by the Company.
8
The Company depends on third-party manufacturers for the manufacture of drug substances and drug product for clinical trials. The Company also relies on certain third parties for its supply chain. Disputes with these third- party manufacturers or shortages in goods or services from third-party suppliers could delay the manufacturing of the Company’s product candidates and adversely impact its results of operations.
Employee Retention Credit
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) provided refundable employee retention credits, which could be used to offset payroll tax liabilities. Under the provisions of the extension of the CARES Act, the Company qualified for the employee retention credit for the last three quarters of 2020, and first three quarters of 2021, and the Company applied for the credit in September 2023. As there is no authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP for accounting for grants to for-profit business entities, the Company accounted for the grant by applying Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 450, Contingencies. The Company recognized an employee retention credit receivable of $
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In the normal course of business, the Company evaluates all new Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU") and other accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), or other authoritative accounting bodies to determine the potential impact they may have on its condensed financial statements. The Company does not expect any of the recently issued accounting pronouncements, which have not already been adopted, to have a material impact on its condensed financial statements.
Note 3. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):
|
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
||
Leasehold improvements |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Research equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Furniture and fixtures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Computer equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Property and equipment, gross |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Property and equipment, net |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $
9
Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):
|
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accrued clinical trial cost |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Accrued payroll and related benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accrued consulting and legal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accrued other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accrued expenses |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Note 4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS OF FINANCIAL MEASUREMENTS
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the condensed balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values. Financial instruments consist of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and long-term debt. Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and debt, are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short time to the expected receipt or payment date of such amounts.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Fair value measurement standards also apply to certain financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (each reporting period). For the Company, these financial assets and liabilities include its cash equivalents deposited in money market funds. The Company does not have any nonfinancial assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
The assets’ or liabilities’ fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
|
|
As of September 30, 2023 |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
||||
Financial Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Money market fund |
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
Total Financial Assets |
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
||||
Financial Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Money market fund |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
||
Total Financial Assets |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
- |
|
||
10
Note 5. COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS
Surface Oncology, Inc.
In November 2017, the Company entered into a research collaboration and license option agreement with Surface Oncology, Inc. (“Surface”) to identify and select antibodies against
Under the research collaboration and license option agreement, Surface paid an upfront technology access fee of $
Note 6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Nasdaq Deficiency Notices
On October 10, 2022, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market ("Nasdaq") notifying the Company that it is no longer in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed companies to maintain a minimum bid price of $
On May 25, 2023, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications staff of Nasdaq notifying the Company that it no longer complies with the requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) to maintain a minimum of $
11
On October 3, 2023 the Company’s raised aggregate gross proceeds of $
Other Contingencies
The Company is subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a provision for a liability when it believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount.
In the normal course of business, the Company may become involved in legal proceedings. The Company will accrue a liability for such matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of possible loss can be established, the most probable amount in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. The accrual for a litigation loss contingency might include, for example, estimates of potential damages, outside legal fees and other directly related costs expected to be incurred. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 the Company was not involved in any material legal proceedings.
Note 7. LEASES
The Company leases its facilities from 1895 Management, Ltd., a New York corporation controlled by an entity affiliated with a director of the Company, under non-cancellable operating leases. Following entry into a lease extension agreement in August 2022, the lease agreement requires monthly rental payments of $
The Company accounts for its leases under ASC 842, Leases. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the condensed balance sheet. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.
As of September 30, 2023, the future minimum payments for the operating leases total $
Lease expense incurred under the operating lease for the three month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $
Note 8. LONG-TERM DEBT
On May 8, 2020, the Company received a loan under the Small Business Administration's Paycheck Protection Program (the "PPP Loan") in the amount of $
12
Note 9. COMMON STOCK RESERVED FOR ISSUANCE
Common stock has been reserved for the following potential future issuance:
|
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
||
Shares underlying outstanding stock options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Shares available for future stock option grants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total shares of common stock reserved |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Note 10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
2011 Employee Equity Plan
In connection with the adoption of the Company’s 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) in August 2018, the Company ceased granting stock options under the Company’s 2011 Employee Equity Plan (the “2011 Plan”). However, the 2011 Plan will continue to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding stock options previously granted thereunder. Any shares of stock related to awards outstanding under the 2011 Plan that terminate by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, or otherwise without the issuance of such shares will become available for grant under the 2018 Plan. Stock options granted under the 2011 Plan expire in five or
2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan
In August 2018, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2018 Plan, which allows for the granting of stock, stock options, and stock appreciation rights awards to employees, advisors and consultants. Stock options granted under the 2018 Plan may be either incentive stock options or non-statutory stock options. Incentive stock options may be granted to employees, advisors and consultants at exercise prices of no less than the fair value of the common stock on the grant date. If at the time of grant, the optionee owns stock representing more than
The Company initially reserved
13
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information is as follows:
|
|
Stock |
|
|
Weighted- |
|
|
Weighted- |
|
|
Aggregate |
|
||||
Balance as of January 1, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Granted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Exercised |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
Forfeited |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Expired |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Balance as of September 30, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|||
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|||
The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $
The intrinsic value of stock options vested and exercisable and expected to vest and become exercisable is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The intrinsic value of exercised stock options is the difference between the fair value of the underlying common stock and the exercise price as of the exercise date.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options granted to employees was $
The grant date fair value of employee stock options was estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
|||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
||
Expected term (in years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Expected volatility |
|
|
% |
|
|
% |
||
Risk-free interest rate |
|
|
% |
|
|
% |
||
Expected dividend yield |
|
|
- |
% |
|
|
- |
% |
Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
||||||||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
||||
Research and development |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
General and administrative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total stock-based compensation expense |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Note 11. INCOME TAXES
14
The Company evaluates tax positions for recognition using a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, and those tax positions eligible for recognition are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon the effective settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had
Note 12. NET LOSS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS
The following weighted-average common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented as they had an anti-dilutive effect:
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
||||||||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Options to purchase common stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Note 13. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer, reviews its operating results on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company has
Note 14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
As discussed in Note 7, the Company leases its facility from 1895 Management, Ltd., a New York corporation controlled by an entity affiliated with the Company’s chairman and major stockholder of the Company. Lease expense incurred under the operating lease for the three month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $
As discussed in Note 5, in November 2017, the Company entered into a research collaboration and license option agreement with Surface to identify and select antibodies against
On
15
On
On
On May 12, 2023, pursuant to the March 2023 Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company issued and sold
On
Note 15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On October 3, 2023, pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-274520), and a securities purchase agreement, as applicable, the Company issued and sold to certain investors (i)
On November 2, 2023, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with certain investors from the August and September 2023 private placements, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold
16
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or this Report, to the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” mean Vaccinex, Inc. and its subsidiaries except where the context otherwise requires You should read the following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report, as well as the audited financial statements, related notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other disclosures included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, or the Annual Report.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion and other parts of this Report contain forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “intends” or “continue,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
17
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. These statements are only current predictions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the risk factors identified in the “Risk Factors” section of this Report, and in Part I, Item 1A of the Annual Report, as well as in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made. Except as required by law, after the date of this Report, we are under no duty to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by the foregoing cautionary statements.
Common Stock Reverse Split
All per share amounts, common shares outstanding and stock-based compensation amounts for all periods reflect the effect of our 1-for-15 Reverse Stock Split, which was effective September 25, 2023. The shares of common stock retain a par value of $0.0001 per share.
Company Overview
We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company engaged in the discovery and development of targeted biotherapeutics to treat serious diseases and conditions with unmet medical needs, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. We believe we are the leader in the field of semaphorin 4D, or SEMA4D, biology and that we are the only company targeting SEMA4D as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. SEMA4D is an extracellular signaling molecule that regulates the activity of immune and inflammatory cells at sites of injury, cancer, or infection. We are leveraging our SEMA4D antibody platform and our extensive knowledge of SEMA4D biology to develop our lead product candidate, pepinemab, an antibody that we believe utilizes novel mechanisms of action. We are focused on developing pepinemab for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, head and neck cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Additionally, third party investigators are studying pepinemab in clinical trials in breast cancer, as well as in “window of opportunity” studies in other indications, including head and neck cancer, and melanoma. We have developed multiple proprietary platform technologies and are developing product candidates to address serious diseases or conditions that have a substantial impact on day-to-day functioning and for which treatment is not addressed adequately by available therapies. We employ our proprietary platform technologies, including through our work with our academic collaborators, to identify potential product candidates for sustained expansion of our internal product pipeline and to facilitate strategic development and commercial partnerships.
Our lead platform technologies include our SEMA4D antibody platform and our ActivMAb antibody discovery platform. Our lead product candidate, pepinemab, is currently in clinical development for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, head and neck, pancreatic and breast cancer, through our efforts or through investigator-sponsored trials. Our additional product candidate VX5 is in an earlier stage of development and was selected using our ActivMAb platform. We believe our multiple platform technologies position us well for continued pipeline expansion and partnership opportunities going forward.
We have generated a limited amount of service revenue from collaboration agreements but have not generated any revenue from product sales to date. We continue to incur significant development and other expenses related to our ongoing operations. As a result, we are not and have never been profitable and have incurred losses in each period since our inception, resulting in substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern. We reported a net loss of $4.9 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and a net loss of $16.9 million and $14.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $0.1 million and $6.4 million, respectively. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect these losses to increase as we continue our research and development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates. We may also encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors which may adversely affect our business. The size of our future net losses will depend, in part, on the rate of future growth of our expenses and our ability to generate revenues, if any.
18
Our recurring net losses and negative cash flows from operations raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the issuance of our condensed financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Until we can generate sufficient revenue from the commercialization of our product candidates, we expect to finance our operations through the public or private sale of equity, debt financing or other capital sources, such as government funding, collaborations, strategic alliances, divestment of non-core assets, or licensing arrangements with third parties. To date, the Company has relied on equity and debt financing to fund its operations, in addition to capital contributions from noncontrolling interests and a limited amount of service revenue from collaboration agreements. On March 30, 2023, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement pursuant (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”) to which the Company issued and sold 331,708 shares of its common stock to affiliated investors, at a purchase price of $6.15 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $2.04 million. On May 12, 2023, pursuant to the March 2023 Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company issued and sold to certain investors 527,234 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $5.6142 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $2.96 million (the "May 2023 Private Placement”). FCMI Parent Co. ("FCMI"), the Company's largest stockholder, purchased 447,437 shares of our common stock in the May 2023 Private Placement for a purchase price of $2.51 million. Albert D. Friedberg, the Company’s chairman and beneficial owner of a majority of the Company’s outstanding common stock, controls FCMI. In May 2023, the Company received $1.0 million through an award from the Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation in the form of an investment in our common stock. On August 18, 2023, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which we issued and sold 209,340 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $3.105 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $0.65 million. On September 20, 2023, the Company entered into the Stock Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold 248,932 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.34 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $0.58 million (the "September 2023 Private Placement”). Vaccinex (Rochester) L.L.C. purchased 136,752 shares of the Company's common stock in the September 2023 Private Placement for a purchase price of $0.32 million.
Our cash and cash equivalents were $0.1 million and total current assets were $2.2 million at September 30, 2023, which will be insufficient to fund our planned operations through one year of the date that these condensed financial statements are available for issuance. See Note 1 of our unaudited condensed financial statements.
On October 3, 2023, pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-274520), and a securities purchase agreement, as applicable, the Company issued and sold to certain investors (i) 7,600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock together with common warrants to purchase up to 7,600,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 2,000,000 pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock together with common warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock, at a purchase price of $1.00 and $0.999, respectively, for aggregate gross proceeds of $9.6 million (“the October 2023 Offering”). FCMI and Vaccinex (Rochester) L.L.C. purchased 3,000,000 and 500,000 shares of our common stock and accompanying common warrants, respectively, in the October 2023 Offering for an aggregate purchase price of $3.5 million. There can be no assurances that we will be able to secure additional financing when needed, or if available, that it will be sufficient to meet our needs or on favorable terms.
Nasdaq Deficiency Notices
On October 10, 2022, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market ("Nasdaq") notifying the Company that it is no longer in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed companies to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share. In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company received a second 180-day compliance period, or until October 9, 2023, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. The Company did not regain compliance by October 9, 2023 and received a notice from Nasdaq that our stock is subject to delisting. The Company appealed the delisting notice and has received an extension until March 4, 2024 to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, subject to fulfilling its commitments to regain compliance by such date. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement or that our common stock will continue to be listed on Nasdaq.
On May 25, 2023, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications staff of Nasdaq notifying the Company that it no longer complies with the requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) to maintain a
19
minimum of $2.5 million in stockholders’ equity for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Equity Standard”) or the alternative requirements of having a market value of listed securities of $35.0 million or net income from continuing operations of $500,000 in the most recently completed fiscal year or two of the last three most recently completed fiscal years (the “Alternative Standards”). The notification letter noted that the Company’s Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 disclosed stockholders’ equity of $2.4 million as of March 31, 2023 and that, as of May 24, 2023, the Company did not meet the Alternative Standards. The notification letter had no immediate effect on the Company’s listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq provided the Company 45 calendar days from the date of the notification letter, or until July 9, 2023, to submit a plan to regain compliance with the Equity Standard (the “Compliance Plan”). A plan to regain compliance was submitted on July 7, 2023 and was accepted on July 18, 2023, and therefore the Company was granted an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of the notification letter, or until November 21, 2023, to regain compliance with the Equity Standard. As of September 30, 2023, we had a stockholders' deficit of $3.9 million and had not regained compliance with the Equity Standard. On October 3, 2023 the Company raised aggregate gross proceeds of $9.6 million in a public offering of common stock and common stock equivalents, with accompanying warrants, discussed in Note 15 to the financial statements. After conducting the public offering received a letter from Nasdaq indicating we were in compliance with Nasdaq’s Equity Standard. We anticipate we will be in compliance with the Equity Standard for the period ended December 31, 2023. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to retain or maintain compliance with the Equity Standard.
Corporate Update
On September 20, 2023, the Company entered into the Stock Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold 248,932 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.34 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $0.58 million (the "September 2023 Private Placement”). Vaccinex (Rochester) L.L.C., purchased 136,752 shares of the Company’s common stock in the September 2023 Private Placement for a purchase price of $0.32 million.
On September 22, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, with the Delaware Secretary of State to implement a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued shares of common stock at a ratio of 1-for-15, effective at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on September 25, 2023 (the “Reverse Stock Split”), previously approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and the Company’s stockholders. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every fifteen shares of the Company’s issued common stock were automatically combined into one share of common stock. The Reverse Stock Split affected all stockholders uniformly and did not alter any stockholders’ percentage interest in the Company’s common stock, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split resulted in any of our stockholders receiving whole shares in lieu of fractional shares, as any fractional shares resulting from the Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the nearest whole share. Proportionate adjustments for the Reverse Stock Split were made to the exercise prices and number of shares issuable under the Company’s equity incentive plans, and the number of shares underlying outstanding equity awards, as applicable. The Reverse Stock Split did not change the par value of the common stock, modify any voting rights or other terms of the common stock, or change the number of authorized shares of the Company.
The Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on a post-Reverse Stock Split basis under the Company’s existing trading symbol “VCNX” when the market opened on September 26, 2023. The new CUSIP number for the Company’s common stock post-Reverse Stock Split is 918640202.
On October 3, 2023, pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-274520), and a securities purchase agreement, as applicable, the Company issued and sold to certain investors (i) 7,600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock together with common warrants to purchase up to 7,600,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 2,000,000 pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock together with common warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock, at a purchase price of $1.00 and $0.999, respectively, for aggregate gross proceeds of $9.6 million (“the October 2023 Offering”). FCMI and Vaccinex (Rochester) L.L.C. purchased 3,000,000 and 500,000 shares of our common stock and accompanying common warrants, respectively, in the October 2023 Offering for an aggregate purchase price of $3.5 million.
20
On November 2, 2023, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with certain investors from the August and September 2023 private placements, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold 527,714 warrants to purchase up to 527,714 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $0.125 per warrant for aggregate gross proceeds of $70,000. Vaccinex (Rochester) L.L.C. purchased 136,752 warrants in the November Warrant Offering for a purchase price of $17,000.
Clinical Update
As prespecified in the study protocol, the Company analyzed interim data from the first 36 patients in the open-label, single-arm, Phase 2 KEYNOTE B-84 study (NCT04815720) evaluating pepinemab and KEYTRUDA™ in immunotherapy naïve patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The study was based on preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating that antibody blockade of semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) promotes infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and inhibits the recruitment and function of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in tumors, enabling enhanced ICI efficacy. The study results showed that pepinemab in combination with KEYTRUDA™ resulted in an approximately 2X increase in objective responses (ORR) and median progression free survival (PFS) in patients with hard-to-treat PD-L1-low tumors, those with combined positive score <20 (CPS<20), compared to historical response rates for ICI monotherapy in this population. ORR for the CPS<20 population was 21.1% with median PFS of 5.79 months, which is almost 2X that of historical response to checkpoint monotherapy in this population, ORR 11.9% and PFS 2.2 months. In contrast, patients in the CPS>20 subgroup (n=17) responded similarly to historical ICI monotherapy data. Biopsy data suggest that treatment-induced formation of highly organized lymphoid aggregates, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), correlate with disease control. TLS are characterized by a high density of B cells, antigen-presenting dendritic cells and activated T cells including stem-like TCF-1+, PD-1+, CD8+ T cells whose expansion and differentiation has previously been shown to be central for response to checkpoint inhibitors. The safety of pepinemab in combination with KEYTRUDA is regularly reviewed by an independent safety committee and has to date been found to be well tolerated.
In June 2023 the Company and its collaborators presented two posters in the “Trial in Progress” sessions at the American Society for Clinical Oncology (“ASCO23”):
Financial Overview
Revenue
To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we generated $500,000 from our collaboration agreement with Surface Oncology, and $70,000 of service revenue.
21
Our ability to generate revenue and become profitable depends on our ability to successfully obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our product candidates. We do not expect to generate product revenue in the foreseeable future as we continue our development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates, and potentially commercialize approved products, if any.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs for our clinical trials and activities related to regulatory filings, employee compensation-related costs, supply expenses, equipment depreciation and amortization, consulting and other miscellaneous costs. The following table sets forth the components of our research and development expenses and the amount as a percentage of total research and development expenses for the periods indicated.
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
% |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
% |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
% |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
% |
|
||||||||
Clinical trial costs |
|
$ |
2,728 |
|
|
|
63 |
% |
|
$ |
1,862 |
|
|
|
54 |
% |
|
$ |
8,206 |
|
|
|
62 |
% |
|
$ |
5,415 |
|
|
|
53 |
% |
Wages, benefits, and related costs |
|
|
1,158 |
|
|
|
27 |
% |
|
|
1,067 |
|
|
|
31 |
% |
|
|
3,609 |
|
|
|
27 |
% |
|
|
3,222 |
|
|
|
31 |
% |
Preclinical supplies and equipment depreciation |
|
|
365 |
|
|
|
8 |
% |
|
|
391 |
|
|
|
11 |
% |
|
|
1,105 |
|
|
|
9 |
% |
|
|
1,205 |
|
|
|
11 |
% |
Consulting, non-clinical trial services, and other |
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
2 |
% |
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
4 |
% |
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
2 |
% |
|
|
396 |
|
|
|
5 |
% |
Total research and development expenses |
|
$ |
4,355 |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
13,217 |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
10,238 |
|
|
|
|
||||
We expense research and development costs as incurred. We record costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment. We do not allocate employee-related costs, depreciation, rental and other indirect costs to specific research and development programs because these costs are deployed across multiple product programs under research and development.
Our current research and development activities primarily relate to clinical development in the following indications:
22
Results of Operations
The following table set forth our results of operations for the periods presented (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
||||||||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
||||
Revenue |
|
$ |
20 |
|
|
$ |
50 |
|
|
$ |
570 |
|
|
$ |
50 |
|
Costs and expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Research and development |
|
|
4,355 |
|
|
|
3,429 |
|
|
|
13,217 |
|
|
|
10,238 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
|
1,413 |
|
|
|
5,250 |
|
|
|
4,599 |
|
Total costs and expenses |
|
|
5,854 |
|
|
|
4,842 |
|
|
|
18,467 |
|
|
|
14,837 |
|
Loss from operations |
|
|
(5,834 |
) |
|
|
(4,792 |
) |
|
|
(17,897 |
) |
|
|
(14,787 |
) |
Interest expense |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
Other (expense) income, net |
|
|
922 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
964 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
Loss before provision for income taxes |
|
|
(4,912 |
) |
|
|
(4,759 |
) |
|
|
(16,934 |
) |
|
|
(14,737 |
) |
Provision for income taxes |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
Net loss attributable to Vaccinex, Inc. |
|
$ |
(4,912 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,759 |
) |
|
$ |
(16,934 |
) |
|
$ |
(14,737 |
) |
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022
Revenue
The Company recorded service revenue of $20,000 and $50,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Operating Expenses
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
|
$ Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
||||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Research and development |
|
$ |
4,355 |
|
|
$ |
3,429 |
|
|
$ |
926 |
|
|
|
27 |
% |
General and administrative |
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
|
1,413 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
6 |
% |
Total operating expenses |
|
$ |
5,854 |
|
|
$ |
4,842 |
|
|
$ |
1,012 |
|
|
|
21 |
% |
23
Research and Development. Research and development expenses in the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $0.9 million, or 27%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily attributable to increased patient enrollment in the SIGNAL-AD and head and neck clinical trials.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the necessary costs associated with maintaining the Company’s daily operations and administration of the Company’s business. General and administrative expenses in the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $0.1 million, or 6%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was attributable to increased legal and patent related services.
Other (expense) income, net. Total other (expense) income, net was income of $0.92 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to income of $34.0 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in income of $0.89 million primarily resulted from the recognition of the $0.92 million employee retention credit.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022
Revenue
The Company recorded $570,000 in revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from our collaboration agreement with Surface Oncology and service revenue. The Company recorded service revenue of $50,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Operating Expenses
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
|
$ Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
||||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Research and development |
|
$ |
13,217 |
|
|
$ |
10,238 |
|
|
$ |
2,979 |
|
|
|
29 |
% |
General and administrative |
|
|
5,250 |
|
|
|
4,599 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
14 |
% |
Total operating expenses |
|
$ |
18,467 |
|
|
$ |
14,837 |
|
|
$ |
3,630 |
|
|
|
24 |
% |
Research and Development. Research and development expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $3.0 million, or 29%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily attributable to increased patient enrollment in the SIGNAL-AD and head and neck clinical trials.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the necessary costs associated with maintaining the Company’s daily operations and administration of the Company’s business. General and administrative expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $0.7 million, or 14%, compared to the nine months ended September, 2022. This increase was attributable to increased legal and patent related services.
Other (expense) income, net. Total other (expense) income, net was income of $0.96 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to income of $52.0 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in income of $0.91 million primarily resulted from the recognition of the $0.92 million employee retention credit.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. Our recurring net losses and negative cash flows from operations raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the issuance of our unaudited condensed financial statements. See Note 1 of our unaudited condensed financial statements. Since our inception in 2001, we have relied on public and private sales of equity and debt financing to
24
fund our operations, in addition to capital contributions from noncontrolling interests and limited-service revenue from collaboration agreements.
On November 2, 2023, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with certain investors from the August and September 2023 private placements, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold 527,714 warrants to purchase up to 527,714 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $0.125 per warrant for aggregate gross proceeds of $70,000. Vaccinex (Rochester) L.L.C., which is controlled by Maurice Zauderer, Ph.D., the Company’s president, chief executive officer and a member of its board of directors, purchased 136,752 warrants in the November Warrant Offering for a purchase price of $17,000.
On October 3, 2023, pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-274520), and a securities purchase agreement, as applicable, the Company issued and sold to certain investors (i) 7,600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock together with common warrants to purchase up to 7,600,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 2,000,000 pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock together with common warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock, at a purchase price of $1.00 and $0.999, respectively, for aggregate gross proceeds of $9.6 million (“the October 2023 Offering”). FCMI Parent Co. ("FCMI"), which is controlled by Albert D. Friedberg, the chairman of the Company’s board of directors, and Vaccinex (Rochester) L.L.C., purchased 3,000,000 and 500,000 shares of our common stock and accompanying common warrants, respectively, in the October 2023 Offering for an aggregate purchase price of $3.5 million.
On September 20, 2023, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which we issued and sold 248,932 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $2.34 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $0.58 million (the "September 2023 Private Placement"). Vaccinex (Rochester), L.L.C. participated in the September 2023 Private Placement.
On August 18, 2023, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which we issued and sold 209,340 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $3.105 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $0.65 million.
On May 19, 2023, the Company filed a prospectus supplement under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $4,391,000 through Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”) as sales agent pursuant to the Company’s Open Market Sale AgreementSM with Jefferies dated March 27, 2020. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, 21,123 shares were sold through the Open Market Sale Agreement for proceeds of $0.1 million, net of commission.
In May 2023 we received $1.0 million through an award from the Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation in the form of an investment in our common stock.
On May 12, 2023, pursuant to the March 2023 Stock Purchase Agreement, we issued and sold 527,234 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $5.6142 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $2.96 million. FCMI purchased 447,437 shares of our common stock in May 2023 for a purchase price of $2.51 million.
On March 30, 2023, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which we issued and sold 331,708 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $6.15 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $2.04 million (the "March 2023 Private Placement”). FCMI and Vaccinex (Rochester) L.L.C. purchased 325,204 shares of our common stock for aggregate purchase price of $2.0 million in the March 2023 Private Placement.
On November 18, 2022 and November 22, 2022, we entered into a stock purchase agreement and joinder thereto pursuant to which we issued and sold 476,167 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $7.9395 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $3.8 million (the "November 2022 Private Placement"). Vaccinex (Rochester), L.L.C.; FCMI; Gee Eff Services Limited, which is controlled by Jacob Frieberg, one of our directors; and Gerald E. Van Strydonck, another of our directors, purchased 368,411 shares of our common stock for aggregate purchase price of $2.9 million in the November 2022 Private Placement.
25
In January 2022 we completed a private placement of 583,183 shares of our common stock and received $9.7 million and entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement with Jefferies pursuant to which we may sell up to $113.0 million shares of our common stock through Jefferies. During the year ended December 31, 2022, 212,627 shares were sold through the Open Market Sale Agreement for proceeds of $3.6 million, net of commission.
In May 2020, we received the PPP Loan in the amount of $1.1 million. During October 2021 through our intermediary lenders, the SBA communicated that it would grant forgiveness of $876,171 of the $1.1 million PPP Loan. The remaining balance of $257,429, along with applicable interest, will be amortized over the remaining term of the loan. We have extended the term of the PPP Loan to 5 years, as is currently permitted by the SBA, resulting in a maturity date of May 8, 2025. As of September 30, 2023, the remaining principal balance of the PPP Loan is approximately $119,000.
Operating Capital Requirements
Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, compensation and related expenses, third-party research services and amounts due to vendors for research supplies. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our principal source of liquidity was cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $0.1 million and $6.4 million, respectively.
Since our inception in 2001, we have incurred significant net losses and negative cash flows from operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we reported a net loss of $16.9 million and $14.7 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we reported cash used in operations of $13.6 million and $14.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $336.6 million and $319.7 million, respectively. We anticipate that we will continue to generate losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates. We are subject to risks associated with the development of new biopharmaceutical products, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors, which may adversely affect our business.
Until we can generate a sufficient amount of revenue from the commercialization of our product candidates, we expect to finance our operations through the public or private sale of equity, debt financing, or other capital sources, such as government funding, collaborations, strategic alliances, divestment of non-core assets, or licensing arrangements with third parties. We intend to use the net proceeds from our private placements, the agreements with Jefferies, and the funding we received from the Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation to fund the ongoing development of pepinemab and for working capital and general corporate purposes.
Financing strategies we may pursue include, but are not limited to, the public or private sale of equity, debt financing or funds from other capital sources, such as government funding, collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties. There can be no assurances additional capital will be available to secure additional financing, or if available, that it will be sufficient to meet our needs on favorable terms. If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development of one or more of our product candidates. If we raise additional funds through the public or private sale of equity or debt financing, it could result in dilution to our existing stockholders or increased fixed payment obligations and these securities may have rights senior to those of our common stock and could contain covenants that would restrict our operations and potentially impair our competitiveness, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire, sell or license our intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. Any of these events could significantly harm our business, financial condition and prospects.
26
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
|||||
|
|
2023 |
|
|
2022 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|||||
Cash used in operating activities |
|
$ |
(13,642 |
) |
|
$ |
(14,475 |
) |
Cash used in investing activities |
|
|
(67 |
) |
|
|
(101 |
) |
Cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
7,445 |
|
|
|
13,173 |
|
Operating Activities. We have historically experienced negative cash flows as we have developed our product candidates and continued to expand our business. Our net cash used in operating activities primarily results from our net loss adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital components as we have continued our research and development and is influenced by the timing of cash payments for research related expenses. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are compensation and related expenses, employee-related expenditures, third-party research services and amounts due to vendors for research supplies. Our cash flows from operating activities will continue to be affected principally by the extent to which we increase spending on personnel, research and development and other operating activities as our business grows.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, operating activities used $13.6 million and $14.5 million, respectively, in cash, primarily as a result of our continued efforts of discovery and development of targeted biotherapeutics to treat serious diseases and conditions with unmet medical needs without any product revenue, resulting in a net loss of $16.9 million and $14.7 million, respectively.
Investing Activities. The investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, were due to purchases of property and equipment.
Financing Activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, financing activities provided a net of $7.4 million, of which $6.3 million was due to private placements of common stock, $1.0 million through an award from the Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation in the form of an investment in our common stock and $0.2 million was due to the issuance of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the Open Market Sale Agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, financing activities provided a net of $13.2 million, of which $9.6 million was due to the private placement of common stock and $3.5 million was due to the issuance of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the Open Market Sale Agreement, net of underwriting commissions and discounts.
JOBS Act Accounting Election
We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act or the JOBS Act. Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can leverage the extended transition period, provided in Section 102(b) of the JOBS Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period and, as a result, our condensed financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates of such accounting standards.
We will no longer be an "emerging growth company" after December 30, 2023 and will be unable to take advantage of the exemptions from various requirements applicable to public companies including those discussed above.
27
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our unaudited condensed financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these condensed financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and significant judgments as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion on the impact of recent accounting pronouncements on our business, see Note 2 to our unaudited condensed financial statements.
28
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
Our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer), with the participation of our management evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2023, the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
29
Part II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors
An investment in our stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks set forth in this section, and in Part I, Item 1A of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the "Annual Report"), and all of the other information set forth in this Report, the Annual Report, and in the other reports we file with the SEC. If any of the risks contained in those reports actually occur, our business, results of operation, financial condition, and liquidity could be harmed, the value of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes from risk factors disclosed in the Annual Report. See the discussion of the Company’s risk factors under Part I, Item 1A. of the Annual Report.
We are currently not in compliance with the continued listing standards of the Nasdaq Capital Market, and if we are unable to regain compliance, our common stock will be delisted from the exchange.
Our common stock is currently listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “VCNX." The continued listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market ("Nasdaq") is subject to our compliance with a number of listing standards.
Minimum Bid Price Requirement
On October 10, 2022, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff of Nasdaq indicating that we no longer met the requirements of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), which requires listed companies to maintain a minimum bid price of at least $1.00 per share.
In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company received a second 180-day compliance period, or until October 9, 2023 to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. We did not regain compliance by October 9, 2023 and received a notice from Nasdaq that our stock is subject to delisting. We appealed the delisting notice and have received an extension until March 4, 2024 to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, subject to fulfilling our commitments to regain compliance by such date. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirements or that our common stock will continue to be listed on Nasdaq.
Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Requirement
On May 25, 2023, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications staff of Nasdaq indicating that we no longer met the requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) which requires listed companies to maintain a minimum of $2.5 million in stockholders’ equity for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Equity Standard”) or the alternative requirements of having a market value of listed securities of $35 million or net income from continuing operations of $500,000 in the most recently completed fiscal year or two of the last three most recently completed fiscal years (the “Alternative Standards”). Nasdaq noted that our Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 disclosed stockholders’ equity of $2.4 million as of March 31, 2023 and that, as of May 24, 2023, we did not meet the Alternative Standards.
The notification letter has no immediate effect on the Company’s listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq is providing the Company 45 calendar days from the date of the notification letter, or until July 9, 2023, to submit a plan to regain compliance with the Equity Standard (the “Compliance Plan”). A plan to regain compliance was submitted on July 7, 2023 and was accepted on July 18, 2023, and therefore the Company was granted an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of the notification letter, or until November 21, 2023, to regain compliance with the Equity Standard. As of September 30, 2023, we had a stockholder’s deficit of $3,869 thousand and had not regained compliance with the Equity Standard. On October 3, 2023 the Company raised aggregate gross proceeds of $9.60 million in a public offering. After conducting the public offering we received a letter from Nasdaq indicating we were in compliance with Nasdaq’s Equity Standard. We anticipate we will be in compliance with the Equity Standard for the period ended December 31, 2023. However, if the Company is not found to have regained compliance, Nasdaq could provide notice that the Company’s common stock is subject to delisting. In the
30
event the Company receives notice that its common stock is being delisted, Nasdaq rules permit the Company to appeal any delisting determination by the Nasdaq staff to a Hearings Panel.
A delisting due to either the minimum bid price requirement or minimum stockholders' equity requirement or even notification of failure to comply with such requirements would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. In addition, the delisting of our common stock could lead to a number of other negative implications such as a loss of media and analyst coverage, a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and likely result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities, and materially adversely impact our ability to raise capital on acceptable terms or at all. Delisting from Nasdaq could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by our current or prospective third-party providers and collaboration partners, the loss of institutional investor interest, and fewer licensing and partnering opportunities. In the event of a delisting, we would take actions to restore our compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement, prevent our stockholders' equity to fail to meet the Equity Standard or Alternative Standards, or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements.
If our common stock were no longer listed on Nasdaq, investors might only be able to trade on one of the over-the-counter markets. There is no assurance, however, that prices for our common stock would be quoted on one of these other trading systems or that an active trading market for our common stock would exist, which would materially and adversely impact the market value of our common stock and your ability to sell our common stock.
We may need to conduct a reverse stock split to affect an increase in the price of our common stock. We cannot assure you that any reverse stock split, if approved and implemented, will increase the price of our common stock or cause us to satisfy the Nasdaq continued listing requirements.
We may need to conduct a reverse stock split to increase the price of our common stock. We cannot assure you that any reverse stock split, if approved and implemented, will increase the market price of our common stock. The effect of a reverse stock split on the market price of our common stock cannot be predicted with any certainty, and the history of reverse stock splits for other companies in our industry is varied, particularly since some investors may view a reverse stock split negatively. It is possible that the per share price of our common stock after a reverse stock split will not increase in the same proportion as the reduction in the number of outstanding shares of common stock following a reverse stock split, and a reverse stock split may not result in a per share price that would attract investors who do not trade in lower priced stocks. In addition, we cannot assure you that our common stock will be more attractive to investors. Even if we implement a reverse stock split, the market price of our common stock may decrease due to factors unrelated to the reverse stock split, including our future performance. If we seek to effect a reverse stock split and it is consummated and the trading price of our common stock declines, the percentage decline as an absolute number and as a percentage of our overall market capitalization may be greater than would occur in the absence of the reverse stock split.
We may not satisfy the Nasdaq continued listing requirements following a reverse stock split, even if it is approved and implemented.
Even if a reverse stock split is approved and implemented, we may not be able to regain compliance with the bid price requirement of the Nasdaq listing standards. If our common stock ultimately were to be delisted from Nasdaq for any reason, it could negatively impact us because it would reduce the liquidity and market price of our common stock; reduce the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our common stock; negatively impact our ability to access equity markets, issue additional securities and obtain additional financing in the future; affect our ability to provide equity incentives to our employees; and negatively impact our reputation and, as a consequence, our business.
31
A reverse stock split, if approved and implemented, may decrease the liquidity of our common stock and result in higher transaction costs.
The liquidity of our common stock may be negatively impacted if a reverse stock split is approved and implemented, given the reduced number of shares that would be outstanding after the reverse stock split, particularly if the stock price does not increase as a result of the reverse stock split. In addition, if a reverse stock split is implemented, it may increase the number of our stockholders who own “odd lots” of fewer than 100 shares of common stock, which may be more difficult to sell. Brokerage commissions and other costs of transactions in odd lots are generally higher than the costs of transactions of more than 100 shares or of even multiples of 100 shares of common stock. Accordingly, a reverse stock split may not achieve the desired results of increasing marketability of our common stock.
32
Item 6. Exhibits
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
4.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
10.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
10.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
10.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
10.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
10.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
31.1* |
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
|
|
31.2* |
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
|
|
32.1** |
|
|
|
|
|
101.INS* |
|
Inline XBRL Instance Document
|
101.SCH* |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
|
101.CAL* |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
|
101.DEF* |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
|
101.LAB* |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
|
101.PRE* |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
|
|
|
104* |
|
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
33
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
Vaccinex, Inc. |
|
|
(Registrant) |
|
|
|
November 13, 2023 |
By: |
/s/ Maurice Zauderer |
|
|
Maurice Zauderer, Ph.D. |
|
|
President & Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
(Principal Executive Officer) |
|
|
|
November 13, 2023 |
By: |
/s/ Scott E. Royer |
|
|
Scott E. Royer, CFA, MBA |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
(Principal Financial Officer) |
34