VisionWave Holdings, Inc S-3, filed Aug 3, 2026
VisionWave Holdings, Inc. (VWAV)
As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2026
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
VisionWave Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 99-5002777 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification Number) |
300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210 #301
Wilmington, Delaware 19801
302.305.4790
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Douglas Davis
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210 #301
Wilmington, Delaware 19801
302.305.4790
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
With copies to:
Stephen A. Cohen, Esq.
Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP
30 Rockefeller Plaza
New York, NY 10112
Tel: (212) 653-8700
Fax: (212) 653-8701
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time, after the effective date of this registration statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ | ||
| Non-accelerated filer ☒ | Smaller reporting company ☒ | ||
| Emerging growth company ☒ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This registration statement contains two prospectuses:
| ● | a base prospectus which covers the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to $100 million in the aggregate, subject to certain limitations, of the securities identified above from time to time in one or more offerings; and |
| ● | a resale prospectus covering the resale by the selling securityholders named therein of up to 10,800,000 shares of common stock. |
The base prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any securities to be offered pursuant to the base prospectus will be specified in a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus. The resale prospectus immediately follows the base prospectus. The $100,000,000 of securities that we may offer, issue and sell under the base prospectus is exclusive of the 10,800,000 shares of our common stock that may be offered and sold by the selling securityholders under the resale prospectus.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities or accept an offer to buy these securities until the registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
Subject to completion, dated August 3, 2026
VISIONWAVE HOLDINGS, INC.
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Rights
Units
We may offer and sell, from time to time in one or more offerings, any combination of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, rights, units, or any combination of the foregoing, either individually or comprised of one or more of the other securities, having an aggregate initial offering price not exceeding $100 million, subject to certain limitations, as described below.
This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell a particular class or series of securities, we will provide specific terms of the securities offered in a supplement to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. You should read carefully this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference herein or therein before you invest in any of our securities.
The specific terms of any securities to be offered, and the specific manner in which they may be offered, will be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of any of these securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement. Before investing, you should carefully read this prospectus and any related prospectus supplement.
Our common stock is presently listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “VWAV” and our public warrants are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “VWAVW.” On July 31, 2026, the last reported sale price of our common stock and public warrants was $1.72 per share and $0.21 per warrant, respectively. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to any other listing on The Nasdaq Global Market or any securities market or other exchange of the securities, if any, covered by the prospectus supplement. Prospective purchasers of our securities are urged to obtain current information as to the market prices of our securities, where applicable.
These securities may be sold directly by us, through dealers or agents designated from time to time, to or through underwriters, dealers, or through a combination of these methods on a continuous or delayed basis. See “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. We may also describe the plan of distribution for any particular offering of our securities in a prospectus supplement. If any agents, underwriters or dealers are involved in the sale of any securities in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, we will disclose their names and the nature of our arrangements with them in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from any such sale will also be included in a prospectus supplement.
Investing in our securities involves various risks. See “Risk Factors” contained herein for more information on these risks. Additional risks will be described in the related prospectus supplements under the heading “Risk Factors.” You should review that section of the related prospectus supplements for a discussion of matters that investors in our securities should consider.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is __, 2026.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration statement, we may sell from time to time in one or more offerings of common stock, preferred stock, various series of debt securities, rights, units, and/or warrants to purchase any of such securities, either individually or comprised of a combination of one or more of the other securities in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $100 million. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell any type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain more specific information about the terms of that offering.
This prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. For a more complete understanding of the offering of the securities, you should refer to the registration statement, including its exhibits. We may add, update or change, in a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. This prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, will include all material information relating to the applicable offering. You should carefully read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the additional information described under “Where You Can Find More Information,” before buying any of the securities being offered.
We have not authorized any dealer, agent or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or an accompanying prospectus supplement, or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. This prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, if any, do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, if any, constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference (as our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date), even though this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is delivered or securities are sold on a later date.
We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.
This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of our securities, unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement. To the extent there are inconsistencies between any prospectus supplement, this prospectus and any documents incorporated by reference, the document with the most recent date will control.
As permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, includes additional information not contained in this prospectus. You may read the registration statement and the other reports we file with the SEC at the SEC’s web site or at the SEC’s offices described below under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
Company References
In this prospectus “the Company,” “VisionWave,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to VisionWave Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.
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Overview
VisionWave, through its own internal developments, various industry partnerships, and through its wholly owned subsidiaries VisionWave Technologies Inc., a Nevada corporation (“VisionWave Technologies”), VisionWave IL, Ltd., an Israel corporation and Solar Drone Ltd, an Israeli corporation (“Solar Drone”), is at the forefront of creating software and hardware solutions for UxV (Unmanned Vehicles including UAVs, UGVs and USVs – Aerial, Ground and Submersible) capabilities by integrating advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous solutions for both defense and aerospace applications, and commercial uses. Our technologies, both those available for sale and in development, — ranging from high-resolution radars and advanced vision systems; to radio frequency (RF) sensing technologies; to high-speed compute platforms; to payload management for various UxVs like drones and UGVs, seek to improve operational efficiency and precision dual markets; for military and homeland security applications, and for commercial use cases worldwide.
With headquarters, research and development in the U.S., and offices in the U.S., Israel, the United Kingdom and France, VisionWave is seeking to position itself to serve global markets, offering defense and commercial solutions that address the evolving needs of security forces and commercial infrastructures across the world.
Since the formation of VisionWave Technologies on March 20, 2024, the Company has focused on the commercialization and customization of acquired and existing technologies, in defense, surveillance, and homeland security application; as well as commercial infrastructure uses of drones and other unmanned vehicles, for example, solar panel cleaning on large solar farms. VisionWave and the Company via VWAV BOCA JOM, LLC, currently holds a portfolio of patented solutions. As part of its commercialization efforts, VisionWave conducted simulated testing and validation for defense contractors to demonstrate the effectiveness of its technologies and has shipped and realized partial revenue through its wholly owned subsidiary Solar Drone. The ability to customize these solutions for specific client applications represents the final phase before large-scale deployment. subject to obtaining appropriate financing and large-scale purchase order of which there is no guarantee.
When VisionWave describes its products as “ready for deployment,” it refers to the technological capability to manufacture and deliver these products upon customer orders. Readiness does not imply existing inventory but instead reflects the ability to integrate technologies into customized solutions. Client-specific customizations (e.g., drone configurations, colors, or payload adaptations) are addressed through Non-Refundable Engineering (NRE) efforts post-order. As a result, no development costs were accrued before pilot orders and productions commenced.
VisionWave’ business model is built on innovation, strategic partnerships, manufacturing excellence, and collaboration, with the goal of enabling us to deliver solutions across the globe. VisionWave intends to license its proprietary technologies to defense contractors, government agencies, and industry leaders, enabling seamless integration into their systems and enhancing operational capabilities. Further, our products, including unmanned vehicles, advanced radar systems, and tactical platforms, will be sold directly to defense, homeland security, and industrial sectors, providing mission-critical solutions tailored to specific needs. We will also seek to develop strategic alliances and joint ventures, to co-develop customized solutions using our portfolio of advanced technologies. These partnerships drive innovation and expand our reach in global markets.
VisionWave has developed product lines that have reached the prototype phase are innovative products across three distinct categories, showcasing a portfolio designed to meet diverse market needs. Several of these products have reached technology readiness levels of proven through successful operations, indicating they are ready for deployment and at production readiness levels. These products are currently undergoing trials and demonstrations with targeted clients to validate performance, optimize functionality, and secure commercial orders, paving the way for potentially large-scale deployments.
Other products are in advanced stages of development, where they are being refined and validated in collaboration with partners to ensure operational reliability and compliance with client expectations. These efforts include conducting rigorous demonstrations for potential partners and customers to establish the solutions’ functionality, effectiveness, and scalability.
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VisionWave is strategically focused on transitioning these products into manufacturing once customer requirements are fully addressed, final validations are completed, and operational readiness is confirmed.
This multi-faceted approach reflects VisionWave’ commitment to balancing immediate commercialization opportunities with ongoing innovation and development, ensuring the company remains responsive to evolving market demands while delivering solutions.
Recent Developments
QuantumSpeed IP Asset Acquisition
On January 5, 2026, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Adrian Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Adrian Holdings S.R.L., a Costa Rican company (“Adrian”). Pursuant to the Adrian Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to acquire from Adrian, and Adrian agreed to sell, transfer, convey and assign to the Company, all right, title and interest in and to certain intellectual property assets related to the technology known as QuantumSpeed (the “Assigned IP”), as more fully described in the Adrian Asset Purchase Agreement.
In consideration for the Assigned IP, the Company agreed to pay Adrian aggregate consideration consisting of (i) 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Purchase Shares”), and (ii) a promissory note in the principal amount of $10,000,000 (the “Adrian Note”). At closing which occurred on January 5, 2026, the Company issued and delivered to Adrian 3,000,000 Purchase Shares (the “Closing Shares”) and executed and delivered the Adrian Note.
The issuance of the remaining 7,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Contingent Shares”) is subject to approval by the Company’s shareholders as required under applicable Nasdaq listing rules. The Company has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such shareholder approval (the “Shareholder Approval”) as soon as practicable following the Closing, including by including a proposal for such approval in its next annual or special meeting of shareholders (but excluding any special meeting to be held on or about February 2026), and in no event later than nine (9) months after the Closing Date. If Shareholder Approval is not obtained within nine (9) months after the Closing Date, then (i) the Company shall promptly cause sixty percent (60%) of the equity interests in QuantumSpeed Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company to which the acquired intellectual property assets will have been assigned, to be transferred to Adrian (or its designee) free and clear of all encumbrances (other than restrictions under applicable securities laws), (ii) Adrian’s security interest in such equity interests shall be automatically released, and (iii) Adrian shall retain full ownership of the 3,000,000 shares of common stock previously issued at Closing and the Adrian Note, without any obligation to return, cancel, or forfeit the same. For the avoidance of doubt, in such event, no alternative consideration will be provided in lieu of the Contingent Shares.
Strategic Joint Venture Agreement
On January 9, 2026, the Company entered into a Strategic Joint Venture Agreement (the “JV Agreement”) with BOCA JOM, LLC (“BOCA”), GBT Tokenize Corp. (“TOKENIZE”), and GBT Technologies, Inc. (“GBT”).
Pursuant to the JV Agreement, the parties agreed to form a joint venture limited liability company in the State of Nevada (the “JV LLC”) for the purpose of developing, commercializing, and managing designated electronic design automation (EDA), defense, and high-security technology projects (the “Designated Projects”).
Equity interests in the JV LLC were determined using an internal reference value of $1.0 billion solely to facilitate negotiation of ownership percentages. This internal value is not a statement of the JV’s actual fair market value and was reached without the benefit of an independent third-party valuation or fairness opinion. Accordingly, stockholders and investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on this figure as an indication of the value of the JV, its assets, or the Company’s interest therein for securities law purposes or otherwise. Ownership of the JV LLC is expected to be allocated among the parties as set forth in the Agreement and related exhibits.
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The contributions are as follows:
| ● | TOKENIZE will contribute 897,102 shares of the Company’s common stock and its intellectual property portfolio. |
| ● | GBT will contribute 2,020,500 shares of the Company’s common stock. |
| ● | BOCA will contribute the Designated Projects. |
| ● | BOCA and the Company will each enter into non-exclusive license agreements granting the JV LLC rights to use certain background intellectual property solely for the Designated Projects. |
All contributions of Company securities are subject to compliance with applicable securities laws and Nasdaq Listing Rules, including obtaining shareholder approval if required under Nasdaq Rule 5635. The JV LLC will be governed by a three-member board, with governance and deadlock resolution mechanisms to be set forth in a separate operating agreement. TOKENIZE and GBT will not participate in management or governance of the JV LLC. The Agreement provides that the Company may appoint a director to BOCA’s board. Any appointment of a BOCA designee to the Company’s board would be subject to approval by the Company’s independent directors, compliance with Nasdaq rules, and, if applicable, shareholder approval.
Intellectual property developed by the JV LLC (“Foreground IP”) will be owned by the JV LLC. Each party retains ownership of its independently developed intellectual property. License rights terminate upon termination of the Agreement, subject to limited survival for existing customer obligations. The Agreement has an initial term of seven years and includes customary termination rights, including termination if required regulatory approvals (such as CFIUS or export control approvals) are denied. If no Designated Project generates revenue within twelve months following formation of the JV LLC, the Agreement may be terminated and contributed consideration returned, subject to board-level fiduciary determinations. In February 2025, TOKENIZE and GBT funded the JV LLC with 2,917,602 shares of Common Stock. The JV LLC commenced development of one (out of three) intellectual properties, which we internally named OMEGA, in April 2026 and as of June 2026 this intellectual property has been developed as a proof of concept.
SaverOne Transaction
On January 26, 2026, VisionWave entered into a definitive Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with SaverOne 2014 Ltd., an Israeli company whose American Depositary Shares are listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market (“SaverOne”). The Exchange Agreement provided for a three-stage equity exchange and strategic collaboration under which VisionWave could acquire up to approximately 51% of SaverOne’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares on a fully diluted basis, and under which SaverOne could acquire shares of VisionWave common stock having an aggregate economic value of up to $7.0 million, in each case subject to milestone achievement, staged issuance, price-based adjustments and compliance with Nasdaq listing rules. The number of shares of VisionWave common stock issued at each closing was determined based on the five-day VWAP immediately preceding that closing (the “VWAV Average Price”).
All three closings under the Exchange Agreement have occurred. VisionWave completed the Stage 1 Closing on March 5, 2026, and completed the Stage 2 Closing (the Milestone 1 Exchange) and the Stage 3 Closing (the Milestone 2 Exchange) on June 22, 2026. The three stages were completed as follows:
● Stage 1. On March 5, 2026, in exchange for 365,610 shares of VisionWave Common Stock (the “Stage 1 VisionWave Shares”) having an aggregate value of approximately $2.74 million (calculated based on the VWAV Average Price of $7.5031 per share), SaverOne issued to VisionWave 148,584 restricted ADSs (representing 6,418,828,800 restricted ordinary shares), representing 19.99% of SaverOne’s issued and outstanding share capital (fully diluted) as of the effective date of the Exchange Agreement. VisionWave also issued the corresponding shares issuable to SaverOne management at the Stage 1 Closing pursuant to Schedule 1.7 of the Exchange Agreement, including the applicable portion of the $3 million management pool (39.1877%).
● Stage 2. Upon achievement of the first operational integration milestone, on June 22, 2026, in exchange for shares of VisionWave Common Stock having a value of approximately $2.74 million, SaverOne issued to VisionWave ADSs representing an additional 19.99% of SaverOne’s outstanding share capital (fully diluted) (the “Stage 2 Closing”). The consideration issued at the Stage 2 Closing included the corresponding shares issuable to SaverOne management pursuant to Schedule 1.7 of the Exchange Agreement, including the applicable portion of the $3 million management pool (39.1877%).
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● Stage 3. Upon achievement of the commercial or defense pilot milestone, on June 22, 2026, in exchange for shares of VisionWave Common Stock having a value of approximately $1.51 million, SaverOne issued to VisionWave ADSs representing an additional 11.02% of SaverOne’s outstanding share capital (fully diluted) (the “Stage 3 Closing”). The consideration issued at the Stage 3 Closing included the corresponding shares issuable to SaverOne management pursuant to Schedule 1.7 of the Exchange Agreement, including the applicable portion of the $3 million management pool (21.62%). The shares of VisionWave Common Stock issued in respect of the Stage 2 and Stage 3 Closings were issued to SaverOne on June 24, 2026 and totaled 1,310,861 shares.
Although the Stage 3 Closing would otherwise have resulted in VisionWave owning approximately 51% of SaverOne, in connection with the Stage 2 and Stage 3 Closings VisionWave assigned to Adrian Holdings S.R.L. its right to receive 14,843,945,442 of the SaverOne ordinary shares otherwise issuable to it, and those shares were issued directly to Adrian, reducing the outstanding principal amount of the promissory note previously issued to Adrian by approximately $1.43 million. As a result of this assignment and SaverOne utilizing an equity line resulting in further issuances, VisionWave beneficially owns approximately 30.30% of SaverOne’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares. VisionWave does not control SaverOne, does not consolidate SaverOne in its financial statements, and accounts for its investment in SaverOne under the equity method of accounting. The transaction establishes SaverOne as the core operating platform for VisionWave’s radio-frequency (RF) defense and security technologies, supported by a non-exclusive, worldwide license to certain VisionWave RF intellectual property for defense and security applications.
Blade Ranger Transaction
On December 3, 2025, VisionWave entered into the Blade Ranger Agreement with Seller, and, solely for purposes of acknowledgment and certain covenants therein, the Target Company, which was amended on December 15, 2025. Pursuant to the Blade Ranger Agreement, VisionWave acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Target Company (the “Acquisition”) from the Seller in consideration for the issuance by VisionWave to the Seller (or its designee(s)) of the Buyer Shares and the Initial PFWs. Further, if the VWAP of VisionWave’s Common Stock for the five Trading Day period immediately preceding the date of effectiveness of the registration statement registering the resale of the Buyer Shares and Warrant Shares is less than $12.00 per share then VisionWave shall issue Blade Ranger such number of Additional PFWs equal the difference between (x) $21,600,000 divided by such average daily VWAP and (y) 1,800,000, to be issued within two Business Days following the effectiveness of such registration statement.
The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance at a nominal exercise price of $0.01 per share (with the aggregate exercise price, except for such nominal amount, pre-funded to VisionWave) and will remain exercisable until exercised in full, subject to customary adjustments, beneficial ownership limitations (9.99%), and an exchange cap of 19.99% of VisionWave’s outstanding common stock prior to the initial exercise date unless shareholder approval is obtained pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635. The Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants are subject to the registration rights set forth in the Agreement.
Bitcoin mining acceleration and orchestration platform
On February 17, 2026, the Company entered into a Statement of Work (the “SOW”) with a third-party vendor for the development, validation, and deployment of a custom qSpeed-Mine™ Bitcoin mining acceleration and orchestration platform. The SOW has a total contract value of $10.0 million and represents a commitment for custom software and systems development to enhance the Company’s Bitcoin mining operations. The SOW provides for the design, validation, and deployment of a production-grade software acceleration layer, fleet orchestration/control plane, observability tools, security hardening, and deployment engineering optimized for Bitcoin (SHA-256d) mining across up to approximately 1,000 nodes/machines. The engagement is structured with objective technical milestones and acceptance criteria, and payments are contingent upon successful delivery and acceptance of each milestone. The expected program duration is approximately 32 weeks.
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The SOW provides for the following milestone-based payment structure:
| ● | $350,000 was paid upon execution of the SOW; |
| ● | Approximately $1.0 million is payable through completion and acceptance of the proof-of-concept (“POC”) milestone; |
| ● | Approximately $6.0 million is payable upon completion and acceptance of successive intermediate milestones, including scaled deployment and operational validation; and |
| ● | Approximately $3.0 million is payable upon final delivery and full program acceptance. |
If milestone execution proceeds as planned, the SOW is structured to generate not less than the full $10.0 million in revenue during calendar year 2026, subject to milestone completion and acceptance of which there is no guarantee. Revenue is expected to be recognized in accordance with applicable accounting standards based on milestone achievement and acceptance. All deliverables under the SOW are owned by the Company, reinforcing the Company’s proprietary rights in the QuantumSpeed™ platform. The SOW does not obligate the counterparty to continue beyond accepted milestones and does not include minimum purchase or volume commitments beyond the defined milestone structure.
Following execution of the Statement of Work, VisionWave commenced work on the project but, due to the lack of further development, VisionWave suspended further work. To date, the client has neither requested continuation of the project nor provided a formal notice of termination.
C.M. Composite Materials Ltd. Transaction
On February 20, 2026 (the “Effective Date”), the Company, entered into two related definitive agreements in connection with a strategic investment and acquisition transaction involving C.M. Composite Materials Ltd., an Israeli corporation with registration number 513931980 (the “C.M. Composite”): (i) an Investment and Share Purchase Agreement (the “Share Purchase Agreement”), dated as of February 20, 2026, by and among the Company (as Buyer), Matania (Mati) Moskovich (as Seller)(“Moskovich”), and the C.M. Composite (solely for purposes of acknowledgment and certain covenants); and (ii) a Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”), dated as of February 20, 2026, by and between the Company (as Lender) and the C.M. Composite (as Borrower).
Pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to acquire from the Seller 10.2 ordinary shares of the C.M. Composite (the “Purchased Shares”), representing 51% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of the C.M. Composite (which has 20 outstanding ordinary shares out of 30,000 authorized ordinary shares, par value 0.1 NIS per share). In consideration therefor, the Company agreed to issue to Moskovich 250,000 shares of the Company’s Common stock (the “Buyer Shares”), valued at $2,500,000 based on the parties’ agreement.
The Loan Agreement provides for a secured loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $5,000,000 (the “Commitment”). The Company is obligated to make an initial advance of up to $1,500,000 within ten (10) Business Days following the Effective Date (subject to satisfaction of conditions precedent), to be used for general working capital purposes consistent with the C.M. Composite’s ordinary course of business. Subsequent advances of the remaining up to $3,500,000 may be made in one or more tranches upon mutual written agreement of the parties, solely for working capital or the establishment and operation of a new facility outside Israel, with each tranche subject to the Company’s reasonable approval and minimum amounts (generally not less than $250,000 unless otherwise agreed). Proceeds of subsequent advances are to be used exclusively to operate, develop, certify, market, and commercialize the C.M. Composite’s technologies and products in global markets, including the United States. The Company advanced $500,000 to C.M. Composite on February 5, 2026, the Company advanced $200,000 to C.M. Composite on January 22, 2026 and the Company advanced $398,345 to C.M. Composite on December 26, 2025. The advances were made pursuant to a promissory note with a 24-month maturity, bearing no interest unless an event of default occurs (then at 5% per annum or the lower legal maximum), prepayable without penalty, and not contingent on any acquisition or strategic transaction.
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Any loan pursuant to the Loan Agreement will bear simple interest at 12% per annum (or such lower rate as mutually agreed in writing, but not exceeding prevailing market rates for similar loans as determined in good faith by the Company), calculated on a 360-day year basis for actual days elapsed. The loan will mature three (3) years after the Effective Date. The obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all assets of the C.M. Composite (including accounts, inventory, equipment, general intangibles, intellectual property, and proceeds thereof).
On March 11, 2026, the Company entered into a Side Letter (the “Side Letter”) with C.M. Composite, Giza Zinger Even Mezzanine, Limited Partnership (“Giza”), and Moskovich. The Side Letter supplements and addresses certain obligations under the Share Purchase Agreement and the Loan Agreement with C.M. Composite and Moskovich, as well as the settlement agreement dated February 5, 2026, between Giza, Mati, and C.M. Composite (the “Giza Settlement Agreement”).
Pursuant to the Side Letter, among other things:
| ● | the Company acknowledges the terms of the Giza Settlement Agreement and agrees that C.M. Composite’s performance thereunder (including payments, reporting, and security perfection) does not constitute a breach or default under the Share Purchase Agreement, Loan Agreement, Note, or related agreements. |
| ● | the Company consents to all payments by C.M. Composite (or its affiliates) to Giza under the Giza Settlement Agreement, including an immediate payment already made by the Company directly to Giza and ongoing periodic payments, and agrees not to interfere with such payments. |
| ● | until full satisfaction of such obligations, neither C.M. Composite nor the Company shall take actions resulting in dilution of C.M. Composite’s shareholders, including issuances of equity, options, warrants, or convertible securities; the Company further agrees not to exercise conversion rights under the Note without Giza’s prior written consent. |
| ● | the Company irrevocably commits to provide aggregate funding of at least $5,000,000 to C.M. Composite, allocated as $1,500,000 for working capital and $3,500,000 for establishing and operating a new facility outside Israel. |
| ● | C.M. Composite’s activities outside Israel (including those funded by the committed amount) must be conducted directly by C.M. Composite, not through subsidiaries or other entities, unless pledged to Giza. |
| ● | Neither the Company nor C.M. Composite shall structure transactions to circumvent the Giza Settlement Agreement’s restrictions or payment priorities. |
| ● | Moskovich shall appoint an Israeli trustee (subject to Giza’s approval) for certain shares of C.M. Composite. |
On February 26, 2026, the Company entered into the First Amendment (the “Amendment”) to that certain Share Purchase Agreement by and among the Company, Moskovich, and, solely for purposes of acknowledgment and certain covenants therein, C.M. Composite.
The Amendment adds a new recital to the Share Purchase Agreement emphasizing that the sole purpose of the Company entering into the SPA is to facilitate and enable the establishment of a joint venture in India between C.M. Composite (and/or FBM) and Belrise Industries Limited (or its affiliate) as contemplated by that certain Memorandum of Understanding dated February 16, 2026 (the “Belrise MOU”), and that the execution and performance of definitive agreements with Belrise Industries Limited (the “Belrise JV Agreements”) is a critical and indispensable component of the overall transaction.
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The Amendment provides that the Company’s obligation to consummate the purchase of the Purchased Shares and the other transactions contemplated by the SPA is expressly conditioned upon the satisfaction (or waiver by the Company in its sole and absolute discretion) of the following condition precedent (the “Belrise Condition”): (a) C.M. Composite and FBM Composite Materials Ltd. shall have duly executed and delivered the Belrise JV Agreements substantially in the form and on the terms contemplated by the Belrise MOU; and (b) the Belrise JV Agreements shall be in full force and effect and shall not have been terminated, amended, or modified in any respect materially adverse to C.M. Composite or the Company without the prior written consent of the Company. The Seller acknowledges that the Belrise Condition is material, and failure to satisfy it entitles the Company to terminate the SPA without liability.
The Amendment amends and restates Section 2.3 of the Share Purchase Agreement to provide that the Closing shall take place remotely no later than December 31, 2026 (or such later date as mutually agreed), provided that in no event shall the Closing occur unless and until the Belrise Condition has been satisfied (or waived by the Company).
The Amendment also permits termination by the Company if the Belrise Condition has not been satisfied (or waived by the Company) on or before December 31, 2026 (the “Belrise Long-Stop Date”), provided that the Company may not terminate if it is then in material breach of its obligations under the Share Purchase Agreement.
Acquisition of VisionWave IL, Ltd.
On March 18, 2026, the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of VisionWave IL Ltd., an Israeli private shell limited company, for nominal consideration.
xClibre IP Assets Acquisition
On April 10, 2026, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Dream America Marketing Services, Ltda., a Costa Rican company (the “Seller”). Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company agreed to acquire from the Seller, and the Seller agreed to sell, transfer, convey and assign to the Company, all right, title and interest in and to certain intellectual property assets related to the technology known as xClibre (the “Assigned IP”), as more fully described in the Agreement.
In consideration for the Assigned IP, the Company agreed to pay the Seller aggregate consideration consisting of (i) 7,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Purchase Shares”), and (ii) a promissory note in the principal amount of $6,000,000 (the “Note”).
At closing, the Company has issued and delivered to the Seller 3,500,000 Purchase Shares (the “Closing Shares”) and executed and delivered the Note.
The issuance of the remaining 3,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Contingent Shares”) is subject to (i) satisfactory proof-of-concept results and (ii) Nasdaq Shareholder Approval under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635. The Company has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such proof-of-concept approval (the “POC Approval”) as soon as practicable following the Closing, and in no event later than nine (9) months after the Closing Date. The Company has also agreed to use reasonable best efforts to obtain Nasdaq Shareholder Approval. If proof-of-concept approval is not obtained within nine (9) months after the Closing Date, then (i) the Company shall promptly cause sixty percent (60%) of the equity interests in xClibre Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company to which the acquired intellectual property assets will have been assigned, to be transferred to the Seller (or its designee) free and clear of all encumbrances (other than restrictions under applicable securities laws), (ii) the Seller’s security interest in such equity interests shall be automatically released, and (iii) the Seller shall retain full ownership of the 3,500,000 shares of common stock previously issued at Closing and the Note, without any obligation to return, cancel, or forfeit the same. For the avoidance of doubt, in such event, no alternative consideration will be provided in lieu of the Contingent Shares.
An independent third-party valuation by BDO Consulting Group assessed the xClibre intellectual property at approximately $60 million as of April 10, 2026, based on certain assumptions regarding future development success, market adoption, and discount rates. This valuation is not a guarantee of realizable value and is subject to significant risks, including potential impairment if development milestones are not met. The Company’s Board was provided also with a fairness opinion by BDO Consulting Group for the structure and the value of the transaction. The Company’s Board of Directors reviewed this valuation and determined that the transaction is fair to, and in the best interests of, the Company and its stockholders.
The Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnification provisions for a transaction of this nature.
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The Assigned IP consists of intellectual property rights owned by the Seller relating to the xClibre technology, including patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, know-how, software and other proprietary rights, as set forth in Exhibit A to the Agreement.
YA II Transactions
On July 25, 2025, we entered into the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”) with YA II PN, LTD., a Cayman Islands exempt limited company (“YA II” or “Investor”). Under the SEPA, the Company has the right to sell to YA II up to $50 million of its shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the SEPA, from time to time during the term of the SEPA.
Upon the satisfaction of the conditions to YA II’s purchase obligation set forth in the SEPA, including having a registration statement registering the resale of the shares of common stock issuable under the SEPA declared effective by the SEC, the Company will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at its discretion until the SEPA is terminated to direct Investor to purchase a specified number of shares of common stock (“Advance”) by delivering written notice to YA II (“Advance Notice”). While there is no mandatory minimum amount for any Advance, it may not exceed an amount equal to 100% of the average of the daily traded amount during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding an Advance Notice.
The shares of common stock purchased pursuant to an Advance delivered by the Company will be purchased at a price equal to 97% of the lowest daily VWAP of the shares of common stock during the three consecutive trading days commencing on the date of the delivery of the Advance Notice, other than the daily VWAP on a day in which the daily VWAP is less than a minimum acceptable price as stated by the Company in the Advance Notice or there is no VWAP on the subject trading day. The Company may establish a minimum acceptable price in each Advance Notice below which the Company will not be obligated to make any sales to YA II. “VWAP” is defined as the daily volume weighted average price of the shares of common stock for such trading day on the Nasdaq Stock Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P.
The January Amendment amended the SEPA to, among other things:
(i) remove the Investor’s ability to deliver investor notices, which previously allowed the Investor to require the Company to issue and sell shares of Common Stock to the Investor in offset of amounts outstanding under the Convertible Notes;
(ii) modify the conditions under which an Amortization Event (as defined in the Convertible Notes) may occur, providing that no Amortization Event shall be deemed to have occurred due to a Registration Event (as defined in the Convertible Notes) prior to the Rule 144 Date, and after the Rule 144 Date, no such Amortization Event shall occur so long as the Company remains current on its filings with the SEC and the Investor is able to rely on Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to resell shares of Common Stock issuable under the Promissory Notes;
(iii) cancel the Investor’s obligation to fund an additional $2,000,000 in principal amount to the Company as set forth in a letter agreement dated September 11, 2025, between the Company and the Investor (provided that subsequent fundings on the same or different terms may be mutually agreed by the parties in the future and documented in writing); and
(iv) require the Company to use its best efforts to promptly respond to comments from the staff of the SEC regarding the Company’s initial Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-289952) and seek effectiveness of such Registration Statement as soon as reasonably practicable.
In connection with the SEPA, and subject to the condition set forth therein, YA II has agreed to advance to the Company the Pre-Paid Advance. The first Pre-Paid Advance was disbursed on July 25, 2025 with respect to $3.0 million and the balance of $2.0 million was disbursed on September 11, 2025. The purchase price for the Pre-Paid Advance is 94% of the principal amount of the Pre-Paid Advance. Interest shall accrue on the outstanding balance of any Pre-Paid Advance at an annual rate equal to 6.0%, subject to an increase to 18% upon an event of default as described in the Convertible Notes. The maturity date will be 12-months after the closing of each tranche of the Pre-Paid Advance. Investor may convert the Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a
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conversion price equal
to the lower of $10.00 or 93% of the lowest daily VWAP during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion (the
“Conversion Price”); provided, that in no event may the Conversion Price be lower than $1.00 (the “Floor Price”).
In addition, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default, the Convertible Notes may be declared immediately
due and payable, in which case the Company shall pay to YA II the principal and interest due thereunder. In no event shall Investor be
allowed to effect a conversion if such conversion, along with all other shares of common stock then beneficially owned by YA II and its
affiliates, would exceed 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the then common stock of the Company. If at any time on or after the issuance
of the Convertible Notes (i) the Floor Price Event, (ii) the Exchange Cap Event or (iii) a Registration Event occurs, provided, however,
that no Registration Event shall be deemed to have occurred prior to the Rule 144 Date, and after the Rule 144 Date, no Registration Event
shall be deemed to have occurred so long as the Company remains current on its filings with the SEC and the Investor is able to rely on
Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to resell shares of common stock issuable under the Convertible Notes, then the
Company shall make monthly payments to Investor beginning on the seventh trading day after the Amortization Event and continuing monthly
in the amount of $750,000 plus a 5.0% premium and all accrued and unpaid interest. The Exchange Cap Event will not apply in the event
the Company has obtained the approval from its stockholders in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq Stock Market for the issuance of shares
of common stock pursuant to the transactions contemplated in the Convertible Note and the SEPA in excess of the Exchange Cap.
The Company will control the timing and amount of any sales of shares of common stock to YA II. Actual sales of shares of common stock to Investor as an Advance under the SEPA will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, which may include, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources of funding for our business and operations.
The SEPA will automatically terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the 24-month anniversary of the date of the SEPA or (ii) the date on which Investor shall have made payment of Advances pursuant to the SEPA for shares of common stock equal to $50,000,000. We have the right to terminate the SEPA at no cost or penalty upon five (5) trading days’ prior written notice to Investor, provided that there are no outstanding Advance Notices for which shares of common stock need to be issued and the Company has paid all amounts owed to Investor pursuant to the Convertible Notes and the SEPA. The Company and YA II may also agree to terminate the SEPA by mutual written consent. Neither the Company nor YA II may assign or transfer our respective rights and obligations under the SEPA, and no provision of the SEPA may be modified or waived by us or Investor other than by an instrument in writing signed by both parties.
As consideration for YA II’s commitment to purchase the shares of common stock pursuant the SEPA, the Company paid YA II, (i) a structuring fee in the amount of $35,000 and (ii) 200,000 shares of common stock as an equity fee. Further, the Company is required to pay YA II a commitment fee of $500,000 of which $250,000 shall be due and payable on the earlier of the effective date of the initial registration statement, or 60 days following the date of the SEPA, and the remaining $250,000 shall be due and payable on the date that is 90 days following the due date of the initial $250,000 installment, in each case to be paid by the issuance of such number of common shares that is equal to the applicable portion of the commitment fee divided by the average of the daily VWAPs of the common shares during the three trading days immediately prior to the applicable due date.
On February 26, 2026, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with YA II PN, Ltd. (the “Investor”), pursuant to which the Investor agreed to provide the Company with a $20,000,000 senior loan (the “Loan”) on the terms and conditions set forth therein.
The Loan is evidenced by a Promissory Note (the “Note”) in the original principal amount of $20,000,000, bearing 0% interest per annum (increasing to 18% upon an Event of Default as defined therein). The Note was issued at an original issue discount of 15%, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $17,000,000 (prior to deduction of a $25,000 structuring and due diligence fee), or $16,975,000 net cash received.
The Note matures 12 months from issuance and requires monthly amortization payments of $2,500,000 of principal (plus a 2% Payment Premium on such principal amount) beginning on the 60th day following issuance and continuing on the same day of each successive month thereafter until maturity (each an “Installment Date”). The Company may satisfy any Installment Amount in cash or, at its election, by delivering an Advance Notice under the Company’s existing Standby Equity Purchase Agreement dated July 25, 2025, as amended (the “SEPA”), subject to a 30-day repayment waterfall in favor of the Investor.
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The Company has the right to optionally redeem all or any portion of the outstanding principal at any time at 105% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. Upon an uncured Event of Default, the Investor may convert all or any portion of the outstanding principal, accrued interest, and other amounts due into Common Stock at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest daily VWAP during the 10 consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to the conversion date, subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership blocker, and a floor price.
Concurrently with the issuance of the Note, the Company issued to the Investor a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase 1,333,333 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.00 per share, exercisable for a term of five years from issuance.
The obligations under the Note are guaranteed by each subsidiary of the Company pursuant to a Global Guaranty Agreement.
The Letter Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants (including restrictions on variable rate transactions, additional indebtedness without consent, and use of proceeds), and events of default. The Company is not required to register the shares issuable upon conversion of the Note but has agreed to register the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant. The Investor has demand registration rights covering all shares of common stock underlying the Note. Upon written demand, the Company must file a resale registration statement within 45 calendar days, use commercially reasonable efforts to cause it to become effective promptly, and address any Rule 415 limitations through pro-rata reductions and successive filings as necessary. In addition, the Company shall, at its sole cost and expense, file with the SEC on or before the date that is 90 calendar days after the closing date file a registration statement on Form S-1 registering the resale of all of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant (the “Warrant Registration Statement”). The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Warrant Registration Statement to be declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof.
July 2026 Private Placement
On July 20, 2026, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Investor pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Investor convertible debentures in the aggregate principal amount of up to $15,000,000 (the “Convertible Debentures”), at a purchase price equal to 85% of the principal amount thereof, in two tranches. The first tranche, in the principal amount of $10,000,000, closed on July 20, 2026 (the “First Closing”). The second tranche, in the principal amount of $5,000,000, will close upon the effectiveness of the initial registration statement described below under “Registration Rights Agreement.” The Company also paid the Investor a non-refundable due diligence fee of $50,000, which was netted from the proceeds of the First Closing. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.
The Convertible Debentures bear interest at a rate of 5.00% per annum (which increases to 18.00% per annum during the continuance of an event of default), calculated on the basis of a 365-day year, and mature on July 20, 2027. Beginning on December 30, 2026, and on the same day of each calendar month thereafter, the Company is required to repay the Convertible Debentures in monthly installments of $1,750,000 of principal, plus a payment premium equal to 2% of the principal amount being paid and accrued and unpaid interest. Installment amounts are payable, at the Company’s option, in cash or by offset against the proceeds of one or more advances under the Company’s Standby Equity Purchase Agreement with the Investor, dated July 25, 2025, as amended (the “SEPA”). While the Convertible Debentures are outstanding, any advances under the SEPA must use the three-day pricing option provided for therein, and payments in excess of the installment amount then due are not subject to the payment premium. The Company may redeem amounts outstanding under the Convertible Debentures prior to maturity at any time upon advance notice by paying the principal amount being redeemed, a redemption premium equal to 5% of such principal amount, and accrued and unpaid interest.
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The Convertible Debentures are convertible at the option of the Investor into shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at a fixed conversion price of $5.00 per share. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the Investor may convert at the lower of such fixed price or a variable price equal to 90% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price of the Common Stock during the ten trading days immediately preceding the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.702 per share. The Investor may not convert the Convertible Debentures (or exercise the Warrants described below) to the extent that, after giving effect thereto, the Investor and its affiliates would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock. The Convertible Debentures also may not be converted, and the Warrants may not be exercised, to the extent the shares issuable would exceed the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that the Company may issue under the applicable rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Exchange Cap”), unless the Company’s stockholders approve issuances in excess of the Exchange Cap.
The Securities Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of the Company, including, among other things, covenants that, while the Convertible Debentures are outstanding and subject to specified exceptions, restrict the Company’s ability to enter into variable rate transactions (other than pursuant to the SEPA), incur additional indebtedness or grant liens, effect discounted offerings, and make payments on certain related-party indebtedness. Closing of the transaction was conditioned upon, among other things, the delivery of consent and deferral agreements by the holders of certain outstanding promissory notes issued by the Company.
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to the Investor warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to 1,800,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The Warrants are exercisable upon issuance and expire 36 months after the date of issuance. The Warrants are exercisable for cash, provided that if, after the six-month anniversary of the date of the Securities Purchase Agreement, a registration statement covering the resale of the shares underlying the Warrants is not available, the Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis.
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the Investor (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to file with the SEC an initial registration statement covering the resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures and exercise of the Warrants, together with certain additional shares issuable under the SEPA, within 60 days, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective within the deadlines specified therein and to maintain its effectiveness until the registrable securities have been sold or may be sold without restriction under Rule 144.
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, certain subsidiaries of the Company receiving proceeds of the Convertible Debentures, consisting of VisionWave Technologies, Inc., VisionWave Holdings UK Ltd and Solar Drone Ltd., entered into a Global Guaranty Agreement in favor of the Investor (the “Guaranty”), pursuant to which such subsidiaries, jointly and severally, guaranteed the payment obligations of the Company under the Convertible Debentures and the related transaction documents.
On July 20, 2026, as a condition to the First Closing, the Company entered into side letter agreements (the “Consent and Deferral Letters”) with each of Dream America Marketing Services, Ltda. (“Dream America”), the holder of a promissory note issued by the Company on April 10, 2026 in the original principal amount of $6,000,000, and Adrian Holdings S.R.L. (“Adrian”), the holder of a promissory note issued by the Company on January 5, 2026 in the original principal amount of $10,000,000. Pursuant to the Consent and Deferral Letters, each of Dream America and Adrian has agreed, until the obligations under the Convertible Debentures have been indefeasibly paid in full, (i) not to demand, request, accept, receive or apply any cash payments from the Company in respect of its promissory note (including payments of principal, interest, fees, default interest, premiums, costs or expenses), with any such payments received to be returned to the Company or held in suspense unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Investor, and (ii) to forbear from exercising its rights and remedies upon the occurrence of any default under its promissory note. Each of Dream America and Adrian has also consented to the Company’s incurrence of the indebtedness under the Convertible Debentures and to the payments required to be made thereunder, whether made in cash or through the issuance and sale of shares of Common Stock and the use of the proceeds of such issuances and sales to repay the Convertible Debentures. Except as set forth in the Consent and Deferral Letters, the terms of such promissory notes remain in full force and effect.
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On July 20, 2026, the Investor, as holder of the promissory notes issued by the Company in connection with prepaid advances under the SEPA on July 25, 2025 (in the original principal amount of $3,000,000) and September 11, 2025 (in the original principal amount of $2,000,000) (collectively, the “SEPA Notes”), delivered to the Company written notice of its election, pursuant to the terms of the SEPA Notes, to extend the maturity date of the SEPA Notes to January 25, 2027 (the “Maturity Extension”), which extension the Company acknowledged and agreed.
Solar Drone Transaction to Acquire Junko Solar
On March 11, 2026, SolarDrone Ltd. (“SolarDrone”), an Israeli subsidiary of VisionWave entered into a Consulting and Share Purchase Agreement (the “Junko Agreement”) with Mr. Amos Cohen, the controlling shareholder of Junko Solar Ltd., an Israeli company engaged in solar panel maintenance and cleaning services. Pursuant to the Junko Agreement, SolarDrone agreed to acquire 51% of the issued and outstanding shares of Junko Solar Ltd. (the “Junko Transaction”). The parties agreed on a pre-money valuation of Junko Solar of $400,000, and SolarDrone agreed to purchase the 51% controlling interest for an aggregate purchase price of $204,000. The purchase price will be paid in three equal installments:
| ● | $68,000 upon execution of the Agreement |
| ● | $68,000 within 35 days |
| ● | $68,000 within 35 days thereafter |
Upon payment of the first installment, the shares representing 51% ownership of Junko Solar Ltd. will be transferred to SolarDrone or its designated affiliate.
Pursuant to the Agreement, Mr. Amos Cohen was appointed Chief Executive Officer and a director of SolarDrone Ltd. Mr. Cohen will provide management and strategic services to SolarDrone pursuant to a consulting arrangement and will receive a consulting fee of 50,000 N.I.S per month plus VAT.
As part of the Transaction, Junko Solar Ltd. will transfer operational activities related to solar panel cleaning and maintenance services, including customer relationships, business opportunities, and related operational assets to SolarDrone. SolarDrone will manage and operate the business going forward.
National Oil Company of Liberia
On March 18, 2026, the Company entered into a Letter of Engagement (“LOE”) with the National Oil Company of Liberia (“NOCAL”), relating to offshore petroleum Blocks LB-4 and LB-5 located in the Liberia Basin. The LOE establishes a structured framework for the Company to advance toward the execution of a Production Sharing Contract (“PSC”) with the Government of Liberia, subject to prequalification by the Liberia Petroleum Regulatory Authority (“LPRA”), regulatory approvals, and legislative ratification by the Liberian Legislature.
The Company has been granted exclusive, non-transferable rights to pursue the Blocks for a period of eight (8) months from execution of the LOE (“Effective Date”), subject to extension if delays in the PSC process are not attributable to the Company. During this period, NOCAL is prohibited from negotiating or granting rights in the Blocks to third parties (except limited reconnaissance licenses that do not interfere). Assignment requires NOCAL’s prior written approval, not unreasonably withheld.
The Company has agreed to pay an initial signing bonus of $300,000 per block (total $600,000) within sixty (60) days following execution of the LOE by both parties. In the event the Blocks are not awarded to the Company for reasons not attributable to the Company, such payment is refundable in full without interest. This obligation is binding and material to the Company’s near-term liquidity.
Following execution of a PSC, the Company would be required to license seismic data for not less than $1,000,000 per block within 120 days of PSC execution. Upon execution and ratification of a PSC, the Company would be required to pay a signature bonus of $1,000,000 per block, payable within ninety (90) days of legislative ratification. The LOE contemplates a 10% carried interest to NOCAL; 10% carried interest to the Government of Liberia; 5% carried interest to citizens; and up to 5% participation by a local Liberian company. The contemplated PSC includes a multi-phase exploration program over approximately seven (7) years.
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The LOE contains
binding provisions, including exclusivity, confidentiality, compliance with anti-corruption laws (including FCPA) and specified financial
obligations. However, the LOE does not constitute a final award of petroleum rights or grant any exploration or production rights at
this stage. The execution of a PSC remains subject to prequalification, regulatory approvals, and legislative ratification
in Liberia. There can be no assurance that a PSC will be executed or that the Company will ultimately be awarded the Blocks, that the
Company’s proprietary RF sensing technologies will prove feasible or effective in this new application domain (outside the Company’s
core defense and security markets), or that the Company will derive any revenue or benefit from this initiative. The Company may require
additional capital, strategic partners, or farm-out arrangements to fulfill obligations, and the transaction involves significant geopolitical,
regulatory, and operational risks in an emerging market jurisdiction.
T3 Defense, Inc. Share Exchange and Swap Agreement
On May 17, 2026, the Company entered into a Share Exchange and Swap Agreement (the “DFNS Agreement”) with T3 Defense Inc., a Nasdaq-listed company (“DFNS”). Pursuant to the DFNS Agreement, the Company issued and delivered to DFNS 475,492 newly issued shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “VWAV Exchange Shares”) and, in exchange, DFNS issued to the Company 6,000,000 newly issued shares of DFNS common stock The VWAV Exchange Shares were issued at the Nasdaq closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on May 15, 2026 ($5.590 per share), for an aggregate value of approximately $2.658 million.
The VWAV Exchange Shares were issued as “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act in a private placement exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, and bear a customary restrictive legend. The shares are subject to additional contractual restrictions on transfer and legend removal that require the prior written consent of both parties.
Proposed Tier IV Data Center Joint Venture
On June 12, 2026, the Company entered into a term sheet (the “Data Center Term Sheet”) with Lucky Whale Production Limited, a Hong Kong-incorporated project sponsor (the “Sponsor”), setting out the principal proposed terms for the establishment of a joint venture to develop, hold and operate a proposed Tier IV data center project located in Beth Shemesh, Israel (the “Project”).
Under the proposed structure, the Company and the Sponsor would form a jointly held company (owned 68% by the Company and 32% by the Sponsor) that would in turn hold 75% of a special purpose project company holding the land, building permit and related rights for the Project, resulting in the Company holding an effective indirect interest of approximately 51% in the Project. As consideration for the Project rights, the Company would issue shares of its Common Stock with an aggregate value of approximately $40 million to the land owner, on an all-share basis with no cash component, subject to required approvals (including, to the extent required, Nasdaq stockholder approval), lock-up and orderly resale arrangements and customary registration rights. The Project would require substantial additional capital, and the proposed transaction remains subject to the completion of due diligence, the negotiation and execution of definitive agreements and the satisfaction of numerous conditions. There can be no assurance that the proposed transaction will be completed on the terms described, or at all.
Following execution of the term sheet, the Company commenced its due diligence review of the proposed transaction.
As a result of such evaluation, the Company’s management determined that continuing to pursue the proposed transaction would not be in the best interests of the Company or its shareholders. Accordingly, on July 22, 2026 the Company has notified Sponsor that it has elected not to proceed with the transaction contemplated by the previously announced term sheet and does not intend to negotiate or execute definitive agreements relating to the proposed project.
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Assignment of Exchange Rights — Adrian Holdings S.R.L.
On June 22, 2026, the Company entered into an Assignment of Exchange Rights, Joinder and Partial Satisfaction of Note Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”) with Adrian Holdings S.R.L. (“Adrian”). Pursuant to the Assignment Agreement, the Company assigned to Adrian, effective immediately prior to and conditioned upon each of the Stage 2 closing and the Stage 3 closing under the SaverOne Exchange Agreement, all of the Company’s right to receive 14,843,945,442 SaverOne ordinary shares (the “Assigned Shares”), which were issued and delivered directly to Adrian (or its designated custodian) such that the Company acted solely as a conduit and at no time held beneficial ownership of the Assigned Shares.
In consideration for the assignment, and effective upon issuance of the Assigned Shares to Adrian at each applicable closing, the outstanding principal amount of the $10,000,000 promissory note previously issued to Adrian in connection with the Asset Purchase Agreement dated January 5, 2026 (the “Adrian Note”) was reduced by an amount equal to 110% of the value of the Assigned Shares, for an aggregate reduction of approximately $1.43 million. The Assignment Agreement did not modify the aggregate number of SaverOne ordinary shares issuable, or the aggregate consideration payable to SaverOne, under the Exchange Agreement.
SaverOne Exchange Agreement — Completion of Stage 2 and Stage 3 Closings
On June 22, 2026, the Company and SaverOne 2014 Ltd. (“SaverOne”) consummated the Stage 2 closing (the Milestone 1 Exchange) and the Stage 3 closing (the Milestone 2 Exchange) under the Exchange Agreement dated January 26, 2026, following the achievement and certification of the applicable milestones and the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Exchange Agreement. On June 24, 2026, as consideration for the Stage 2 and Stage 3 SaverOne shares, the Company issued and delivered to SaverOne an aggregate of 1,310,861 shares of Common Stock (including shares issuable to SaverOne management pursuant to Section 1.7 of the Exchange Agreement), consisting of shares having an aggregate value of approximately $2,743,137 issued at the Stage 2 closing and shares having an aggregate value of approximately $1,513,726 issued at the Stage 3 closing, in each case with the number of shares determined based on the VWAV Average Price as provided in the Exchange Agreement. The VisionWave Shares were issued in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D thereunder.
Although the Stage 3 Closing would otherwise have resulted in VisionWave owning approximately 51% of SaverOne, in connection with the Stage 2 and Stage 3 Closings VisionWave assigned to Adrian Holdings S.R.L. its right to receive 14,843,945,442 of the SaverOne ordinary shares otherwise issuable to it, and those shares were issued directly to Adrian, reducing the outstanding principal amount of the promissory note previously issued to Adrian by approximately $1.43 million. As a result of this assignment and SaverOne utilizing an equity line resulting in further issuances, VisionWave beneficially owns approximately 30.30% of SaverOne’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares. VisionWave does not control SaverOne, does not consolidate SaverOne in its financial statements, and accounts for its investment in SaverOne under the equity method of accounting. The transaction establishes SaverOne as the core operating platform for VisionWave’s radio-frequency (RF) defense and security technologies, supported by a non-exclusive, worldwide license to certain VisionWave RF intellectual property for defense and security applications.
Acquisition Agreement — Meteor Aerospace Ltd.
On June 29, 2026, the Company entered into a binding Acquisition Agreement (the “Meteor Agreement”) with Meteor Aerospace Ltd. (“Meteor”), an Israeli aerospace and defense company, pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire fifty-one percent (51%) of the issued and outstanding share capital of Meteor, subject to the satisfaction of specified closing conditions. Meteor is engaged in the development, manufacturing and commercialization of aerospace and defense technologies, including unmanned aerial systems, unmanned ground systems, unmanned surface vessels, loitering munition systems, electronic warfare technologies, and command, control, communications, cyber and battlefield management systems.
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The Meteor Agreement values Meteor at a pre-money equity valuation of $40.0 million. Subject to the satisfaction of all closing conditions, the Company will acquire its 51% interest for aggregate consideration having a value of approximately $20.4 million, consisting of approximately $6.0 million of unrestricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock and approximately $14.4 million of restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock subject to a six-month lock-up following closing, with the number of shares to be determined based upon the VWAP of the Company’s Common Stock during the five trading days immediately preceding the closing date. Closing is expressly conditioned upon, among other things, the successful completion of a live flight validation of Meteor’s Impact-700 unmanned aerial system and the Company’s satisfactory completion of due diligence. Upon closing, the Company would obtain a controlling interest in Meteor and the right to appoint three of Meteor’s five directors. There can be no assurance that the acquisition will be completed on the terms described, or at all.
Acquisition Agreement — Foresight Autonomous Holdings Ltd.
On June 2, 2026, the Company entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement (the “Foresight Agreement”) with Foresight Autonomous Holdings Ltd. (“Foresight”), pursuant to which the Company intended to acquire, in two stages, newly issued ordinary shares of Foresight representing 52% of Foresight’s issued and outstanding share capital as of the Stage 1 Closing (the Stage 1 Closing Date”).
On July 22, 2026, the Company was notified verbally by Foresight that its shareholders did not approve the transaction with VisionWave. As such, this Company is evaluating its options but, as of the date hereof, the Company does not intend to move forward with the Foresight transaction.
Acquisition Agreement — VisionWave Israel Ltd. (“VW Israel”) to acquire 60% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of VIP Lux Travel Ltd. and PKLST Tourism and Leisure Ltd
On May 12, 2026, VisionWave Israel Ltd. (“VW Israel”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a definitive Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Mr. Ian Paklida (the “Seller”), pursuant to which VW Israel agreed to acquire 60% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of VIP Lux Travel Ltd. and PKLST Tourism and Leisure Ltd., both Israeli corporations (collectively, the “Target Companies”).
The Agreement is definitive; however, the transaction has not yet closed.
Under the terms of the Agreement, the consideration for the acquisition of the Target Companies will be the issuance of shares of common stock of the Company, subject to the satisfaction of various conditions precedent and regulatory approvals.
The Agreement contemplates an aggregate transaction value of up to approximately 15 million NIS, payable in the Company shares valued at approximately USD $3 million. The number of shares to be issued will be 513,752 shares of common stock of the Company representing $6.02 cost per share.
The Agreement includes customary representations, warranties, covenants, indemnification provisions, confidentiality obligations, lock-up restrictions, and closing conditions. Closing remains subject to, among other things:
| ● | completion of legal, financial, and operational due diligence; |
| ● | receipt of all required corporate and regulatory approvals; |
| ● | applicable tax rulings and/or approvals in Israel; |
| ● | execution and delivery of final ancillary closing documents; and |
| ● | satisfaction or waiver of other customary closing conditions. |
Until the closing occurs, there can be no assurance that the acquisition will be consummated on the terms currently contemplated, or at all.
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Distributor Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Stratonex Defence Technologies Ltd
On July 1, 2026, the Company entered into a Distributor Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Stratonex Defence Technologies Ltd., a private company organized under the laws of England and Wales (“Stratonex”).
Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company appointed Stratonex as its strategic commercialization, integration and sovereign delivery partner for the United Kingdom, Europe and other mutually agreed markets. The Agreement establishes a framework pursuant to which Stratonex will identify, develop and manage commercial opportunities for the Company’s technologies, including engagement with government, defense and institutional customers, while supporting systems integration, sovereign deployment and commercialization of the Company’s products within the applicable territories.
The Agreement includes an opportunity registration process pursuant to which Stratonex may register prospective commercial opportunities with the Company. Upon written acceptance by the Company, registered opportunities receive exclusive protection during the applicable registration period, subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement. The Agreement does not grant Stratonex exclusive distribution rights throughout the applicable territories and expressly reserves the Company’s right to appoint additional distributors and market its products through other channels, except with respect to accepted registered opportunities.
The initial term of the Agreement is two (2) years and automatically renews for successive one-year periods unless earlier terminated in accordance with its terms. Either party may terminate the Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ prior written notice or earlier upon specified events of default. The Agreement also contains customary provisions relating to confidentiality, intellectual property ownership, export compliance, warranties, indemnification and limitations of liability.
The Agreement does not obligate Stratonex to purchase any minimum quantity of products, does not establish minimum revenue commitments and does not obligate the Company to accept any purchase order submitted by Stratonex. Product pricing will be established pursuant to quotations issued by the Company from time to time.
Ben Everitt, the founder and a 50% shareholder of Stratonex, also serves as a member of the Company’s Advisory Board pursuant to an Advisory Board Agreement entered into in October 2025. Mr. Everitt serves solely as an independent advisor to the Company’s Board of Directors and is not a director, executive officer or employee of the Company. Mr. Everitt is a former Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and has more than twenty years of experience in government, national security, defense policy and strategic advisory roles, including service on the United Kingdom Parliament’s National Security Bill Committee and participation in the Armed Forces Parliamentary Scheme.
The Company’s Board of Directors reviewed and approved the Agreement after considering the existing advisory relationship between the Company and Mr. Everitt. Mr. Everitt is not a member of the Company’s Board of Directors and did not participate in the Company’s review, negotiation or approval of the Agreement.
Failure to Redeem Public Shares
Pursuant to Bannix Acquisition Corp.’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation in effect from March 10, 2025, through the consummation of the Business Combination, Bannix Acquisition Corp. was required to redeem all remaining public offering shares no later than June 27, 2025 (ten business days after the June 14, 2025 deadline for consummating an initial business combination). Bannix Acquisition Corp. did not redeem the remaining public offering shares as required by its amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the Business Combination was subsequently consummated on July 14, 2025. The failure to redeem the remaining public shares was inconsistent with the disclosures in the prospectus for Bannix Acquisition Corp.’s initial public offering (filed September 14, 2021) and the combined prospectus and proxy statement for the Business Combination, which stated that if an initial business combination was not consummated by the applicable deadline, Bannix Acquisition Corp. would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeem all public shares, and liquidate and dissolve, subject to applicable law.
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Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
We qualify as an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”). As an emerging growth company, we take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
| ● | being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure in this prospectus; |
| ● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“Sarbanes-Oxley”); |
| ● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and |
| ● | exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, if we issue $1 billion or more in non-convertible debt during a three-year period, or if our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion. We would cease to be an emerging growth company on the last day of the fiscal year following the date of the fifth anniversary of our first sale of common equity securities under an effective registration statement or a fiscal year in which we have $1.235 billion in gross revenues. Finally, at any time we may choose to opt-out of the emerging growth company reporting requirements. If we choose to opt out, we will be unable to opt back in to being an emerging growth company.
The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. To the extent that we continue to qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, after we cease to qualify as an emerging growth company, certain of the exemptions available to us as an emerging growth company may continue to be available to us as a smaller reporting company, including (i) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, (ii) scaled executive compensation disclosures, and (iii) the requirement to provide only two years of audited financial statements, instead of three years.
Corporate Information
Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “VWAV” and our public warrants are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “VWAVW”. Our principal executive office is located at 300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210 #301, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, and our telephone number is 302.305.4790. Our operating office is located at 1063 Spaulding Ave., West Hollywood, CA 90046. Our website address is www.VWAV.inc. This website address is not intended to be an active link, and information on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and you should not consider any information on, or that can be accessed from, our website as part of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. This prospectus contains, and the prospectus supplement applicable to each offering of our securities will contain, a discussion of the risks applicable to an investment in our securities. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement or appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should also consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed under Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on December 31, 2025, and any updates described in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, and may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future and any prospectus supplement related to a particular offering. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. The occurrence of any of these known or unknown risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.
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DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein contain, in addition to historical information, certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act or 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that include information relating to future events, future financial performance, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation and availability of resources. Such forward-looking statements include those that express plans, anticipation, intent, contingency, goals, targets or future development and/or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events and they are subject to risks and uncertainties known and unknown that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements.
These forward-looking statements contain information about our expectations, beliefs or intentions regarding our product development and commercialization efforts, business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies or prospects, and other similar matters. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions about future events, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. These statements may be identified by words such as “expects,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “may,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “should,” “intends,” “estimates,” and other words of similar meaning.
These statements relate to future events or our future operational or financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, in any related prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus.
Any forward-looking statement in this prospectus, in any related prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus reflects our current view with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our business, results of operations, industry and future growth. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. You should read this prospectus, any related prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus and the documents that we reference herein and therein and have filed as exhibits hereto and thereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.
This prospectus, any related prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus also contain or may contain estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business and the markets for our products, including data regarding the estimated size of those markets and their projected growth rates. We obtained the industry and market data in this prospectus from our own research as well as from industry and general publications, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations and contains projections and estimates of the future performance of the industries in which we operate that are subject to a high degree of uncertainty, including those discussed in “Risk Factors.” We caution you not to give undue weight to such projections, assumptions and estimates. Further, industry and general publications, studies and surveys generally state that they have been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe that these publications, studies and surveys are reliable, we have not independently verified the data contained in them. In addition, while we believe that the results and estimates from our internal research are reliable, such results and estimates have not been verified by any independent source.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements as predictions of future results. Our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
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Except as described in any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered under this prospectus for general corporate purposes, including the development and commercialization of our products, research and development, general and administrative expenses, license or technology acquisitions, and working capital and capital expenditures. We may also use the net proceeds to repay any debts and/or invest in or acquire complementary businesses, products, or technologies, although we have no current commitments or agreements with respect to any such investments or acquisitions as of the date of this prospectus. We have not determined the amount of net proceeds to be used specifically for the foregoing purposes. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds of any sale of the securities. Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments.
Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will describe the intended use of the net proceeds from that offering in the applicable prospectus supplement. The actual amount of net proceeds we spend on a particular use will depend on many factors, including, our future capital expenditures, the amount of cash required by our operations, and our future revenue growth, if any. Therefore, we will retain broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds.
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The following is a summary of all material characteristics of our capital stock as set forth in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as amended. Copies of these documents are filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.
General
The following description of our capital stock, together with any additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, summarizes the material terms and provisions of our common stock and the preferred stock that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future common stock or preferred stock that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any class or series of these securities in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. For the complete terms of our common stock and preferred stock, please refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended (“Certificate of Incorporation”), and our bylaws that are incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or may be incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of these securities may also be affected by Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). The summary below and that contained in any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus are qualified in their entirety by reference to our Certificate of Incorporation and our bylaws.
As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized capital stock consisted of 150,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share. We had 27,582,069 shares of Common Stock and no shares of preferred stock outstanding as of July 27, 2026.
Common Stock
Voting rights. Each share of Common Stock will be entitled to one vote per share on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders, unless otherwise required by law or the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting rights. With respect to matters other than the election of directors, at any meeting of the stockholders at which a quorum is present or represented, the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at such meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, except as otherwise required by law. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the Company’s stockholders.
Dividend rights. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then-outstanding preferred stock, holders of Common Stock will be entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Company’s Board out of legally available funds.
Rights upon liquidation. Upon a liquidation event, holders of Common Stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of the Company’s debts and other liabilities and the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any then-outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Other rights. Holders of Common Stock have no preemptive, conversion, subscription or other rights, and there are no redemption provisions applicable to the Common Stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of Common Stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of Preferred Stock that the Company may designate in the future
Transfer Agent. The transfer agent for the Common Stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
Exchange Listing. Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “VWAV”.
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Preferred Stock
We are authorized to issue “blank check” preferred stock, which may be issued in one or more series upon authorization of our board of directors. Our board of directors is authorized to fix the designations, powers, preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the shares of each series of preferred stock. The authorized shares of our preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. If the approval of our stockholders is not required for the issuance of shares of our preferred stock, our board may determine not to seek stockholder approval. The specific terms of any series of preferred stock offered pursuant to this prospectus will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to that series of preferred stock.
A series of our preferred stock could, depending on the terms of such series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. Our board of directors will make any determination to issue preferred shares based upon its judgment as to the best interests of our stockholders. Our directors, in so acting, could issue preferred stock having terms that could discourage an acquisition attempt through which an acquirer may be able to change the composition of our board of directors, including a tender offer or other transaction that some, or a majority, of our stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or in which stockholders might receive a premium for their stock over the then-current market price of the stock.
The preferred stock has the terms described below unless otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of preferred stock. You should read the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of preferred stock being offered for specific terms, including:
| ● | the designation and stated value per share of the preferred stock and the number of shares offered; |
| ● | the amount of liquidation preference per share; |
| ● | the price at which the preferred stock will be issued; |
| ● | the dividend rate, or method of calculation of dividends, the dates on which dividends will be payable, whether dividends will be cumulative or noncumulative and, if cumulative, the dates from which dividends will commence to accumulate; |
| ● | any redemption or sinking fund provisions; |
| ● | if other than the currency of the United States, the currency or currencies including composite currencies in which the preferred stock is denominated and/or in which payments will or may be payable; |
| ● | any conversion provisions; and |
| ● | any other rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions on the preferred stock. |
The preferred stock will, when issued, be fully paid and non-assessable. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, each series of preferred stock will rank equally as to dividends and liquidation rights in all respects with each other series of preferred stock. The rights of holders of shares of each series of preferred stock will be subordinate to those of our general creditors.
Rank. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, the preferred stock will, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, rank:
| ● | senior to our common stock and to all equity securities ranking junior to such preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; |
| ● | on a parity with all equity securities issued by us, the terms of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank on a parity with the preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; and |
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| ● | junior to all equity securities issued by us, the terms of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank senior to the preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs. |
The term “equity securities” does not include convertible debt securities.
Dividends. Holders of the preferred stock of each series will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our board of directors, cash dividends at such rates and on such dates described in the prospectus supplement. Different series of preferred stock may be entitled to dividends at different rates or based on different methods of calculation. The dividend rate may be fixed or variable or both. Dividends will be payable to the holders of record as they appear on our stock books on record dates fixed by our board of directors, as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Dividends on any series of preferred stock may be cumulative or noncumulative, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. If our board of directors does not declare a dividend payable on a dividend payment date on any series of noncumulative preferred stock, then the holders of that noncumulative preferred stock will have no right to receive a dividend for that dividend payment date, and we will have no obligation to pay the dividend accrued for that period, whether or not dividends on that series are declared payable on any future dividend payment dates. Dividends on any series of cumulative preferred stock will accrue from the date we initially issue shares of such series or such other date specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
No dividends may be declared or paid or funds set apart for the payment of any dividends on any parity securities unless full dividends have been paid or set apart for payment on the preferred stock. If full dividends are not paid, the preferred stock will share dividends pro rata with the parity securities.
No dividends may be declared or paid or funds set apart for the payment of dividends on any junior securities unless full dividends for all dividend periods terminating on or prior to the date of the declaration or payment will have been paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment set apart for payment on the preferred stock.
Liquidation Preference. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, then, before we make any distribution or payment to the holders of any common stock or any other class or series of our capital stock ranking junior to the preferred stock in the distribution of assets upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, the holders of each series of preferred stock shall be entitled to receive out of assets legally available for distribution to stockholders, liquidating distributions in the amount of the liquidation preference per share set forth in the prospectus supplement, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon. Such dividends will not include any accumulation in respect of unpaid noncumulative dividends for prior dividend periods. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, after payment of the full amount of their liquidating distributions, the holders of preferred stock will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. Upon any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, if our available assets are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding preferred stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all other classes or series of our capital stock ranking on parity with the preferred stock and all other such classes or series of shares of capital stock ranking on parity with the preferred stock in the distribution of assets, then the holders of the preferred stock and all other such classes or series of capital stock ranking on parity with the preferred stock will share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be entitled.
Upon any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up and if we have made liquidating distributions in full to all holders of preferred stock, we will distribute our remaining assets among the holders of any other classes or series of capital stock ranking junior to the preferred stock according to their respective rights and preferences and, in each case, according to their respective number of shares. For such purposes, our consolidation or merger with or into any other corporation, trust or entity, or the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all of our property or assets will not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs.
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Redemption. If so, provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the preferred stock will be subject to mandatory redemption or redemption at our option, as a whole or in part, in each case upon the terms, at the times and at the redemption prices set forth in such prospectus supplement.
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of preferred stock that is subject to mandatory redemption will specify the number of shares of preferred stock that shall be redeemed by us in each year commencing after a date to be specified, at a redemption price per share to be specified, together with an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon to the date of redemption. Unless the shares have a cumulative dividend, such accrued dividends will not include any accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods. We may pay the redemption price in cash or other property, as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. If the redemption price for preferred stock of any series is payable only from the net proceeds of the issuance of shares of our capital stock, the terms of such preferred stock may provide that, if no such shares of our capital stock shall have been issued or to the extent the net proceeds from any issuance are insufficient to pay in full the aggregate redemption price then due, such preferred stock shall automatically and mandatorily be converted into the applicable shares of our capital stock pursuant to conversion provisions specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we will not redeem any preferred stock of a series unless:
| ● | if that series of preferred stock has a cumulative dividend, we have declared and paid or contemporaneously declare and pay or set aside funds to pay full cumulative dividends on the preferred stock for all past dividend periods and the then current dividend period; or |
| ● | if such series of preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend, we have declared and paid or contemporaneously declare and pay or set aside funds to pay full dividends for the then current dividend period. |
In addition, we will not acquire any preferred stock of a series unless:
| ● | if that series of preferred stock has a cumulative dividend, we have declared and paid or contemporaneously declare and pay or set aside funds to pay full cumulative dividends on all outstanding shares of such series of preferred stock for all past dividend periods and the then current dividend period; or |
| ● | if that series of preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend, we have declared and paid or contemporaneously declare and pay or set aside funds to pay full dividends on the preferred stock of such series for the then current dividend period. |
However, at any time we may purchase or acquire preferred stock of that series (1) pursuant to a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all outstanding preferred stock of such series or (2) by conversion into or exchange for shares of our capital stock ranking junior to the preferred stock of such series as to dividends and upon liquidation.
If fewer than all of the outstanding shares of preferred stock of any series are to be redeemed, we will determine the number of shares that may be redeemed pro rata from the holders of record of such shares in proportion to the number of such shares held or for which redemption is requested by such holder or by any other equitable manner that we determine. Such determination will reflect adjustments to avoid redemption of fractional shares.
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, we will mail notice of redemption at least 10 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each holder of record of preferred stock to be redeemed at the address shown on our stock transfer books. Each notice shall state:
| ● | the redemption date; |
| ● | the number of shares and series of preferred stock to be redeemed; |
| ● | the redemption price; |
| ● | the place or places where certificates for such preferred stock are to be surrendered for payment of the redemption price; |
| ● | that dividends on the shares to be redeemed will cease to accrue on such redemption date; |
| ● | the date on which the holder’s conversion rights, if any, as to such shares shall terminate; and |
| ● | the specific number of shares to be redeemed from each such holder if fewer than all the shares of any series are to be redeemed. |
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If notice of redemption has been given and we have set aside the funds necessary for such redemption in trust for the benefit of the holders of any shares called for redemption, then from and after the redemption date, dividends will cease to accrue on such shares, and all rights of the holders of such shares will terminate, except the right to receive the redemption price.
Voting Rights. Holders of preferred stock will not have any voting rights, except as required by law or as indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Unless otherwise provided for under the terms of any series of preferred stock, no consent or vote of the holders of shares of preferred stock or any series thereof shall be required for any amendment to our certificate of incorporation that would increase the number of authorized shares of preferred stock or the number of authorized shares of any series thereof or decrease the number of authorized shares of preferred stock or the number of authorized shares of any series thereof (but not below the number of authorized shares of preferred stock or such series, as the case may be, then outstanding).
Conversion Rights. The terms and conditions, if any, upon which any series of preferred stock is convertible into shares of our common stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating thereto. Such terms will include the number of shares of common stock into which the shares of preferred stock are convertible, the conversion price, rate or manner of calculation thereof, the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be at our option or at the option of the holders of the preferred stock, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting conversion in the event of the redemption.
Transfer Agent and Registrar. The transfer agent and registrar for the preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of the Company’s Charter, Bylaws and Applicable Law
The DGCL authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors of corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors’ fiduciary duties, subject to certain exceptions. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation includes a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors for damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director where, in civil proceedings, the person acted in good faith and in a manner that person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company or, in criminal proceedings, where the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that we must indemnify and advance expenses to our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL. We also are expressly authorized to carry directors’ and officers’ liability insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers, and certain employees for some liabilities. We believe that these indemnification and advancement provisions and insurance are useful to attract and retain qualified directors and executive officers.
The limitation of liability, advancement and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit the Company and its stockholders. In addition, your investment may be adversely affected to the extent the Company pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officer pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
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Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment
Under the DGCL, with certain exceptions, the Company’s stockholders will have appraisal rights in connection with a merger or consolidation of the Company. Pursuant to the DGCL, stockholders who properly request and perfect appraisal rights in connection with such merger or consolidation will have the right to receive payment of the fair value of their shares as determined by the Court of Chancery.
Stockholders’ Derivative Actions
Under the DGCL, any of the Company’s stockholders may bring an action in the Company’s name to procure a judgment in the Company’s favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that the stockholder bringing the action is a holder of the Company’s shares at the time of the transaction to which the action relates or such stockholder’s stock thereafter devolved by operation of law.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL. Subject to certain exceptions, Section 203 prevents a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with any “interested stockholder” for three years following the date that the person became an interested stockholder, unless either the interested stockholder attained such status with the approval of our board of directors, the business combination is approved by our board of directors and stockholders in a prescribed manner or the interested stockholder acquired at least 85% of our outstanding voting stock in the transaction in which it became an interested stockholder. A “business combination” includes, among other things, a merger or consolidation involving us and the “interested stockholder” and the sale of more than 10% of our assets. In general, an “interested stockholder” is any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements or free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. We may issue debt securities, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future debt securities we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below. However, no prospectus supplement shall fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness. As of the date of this prospectus, we have no outstanding registered debt securities. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the “indentures,” we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.
We will issue any senior debt securities under the senior indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the senior indenture. We will issue any subordinated debt securities under the subordinated indenture and any supplemental indentures that we will enter into with the trustee named in the subordinated indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.
The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). We use the term “trustee” to refer to either the trustee under the senior indenture or the trustee under the subordinated indenture, as applicable.
The following summaries of material provisions of the senior debt securities, the subordinated debt securities and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture and any supplemental indentures applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that contains the terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are identical.
General
The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our Board of Directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in an officers’ certificate or by a supplemental indenture. Debt securities may be issued in separate series without limitation as to aggregate principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including, but not limited to:
| ● | the title; |
| ● | the principal amount being offered, and if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding; |
| ● | any limit on the amount that may be issued; |
| ● | whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, and, if so, the terms and who the depositary will be; |
| ● | the maturity date; |
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| ● | whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a United States person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts; |
| ● | the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates; |
| ● | whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt; |
| ● | the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt; |
| ● | the place where payments will be made; |
| ● | restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any; |
| ● | our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period; |
| ● | the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions; |
| ● | provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any, including the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant thereto or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option, to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable; |
| ● | whether the indenture will restrict our ability or the ability of our subsidiaries, if any, to: |
| ● | incur additional indebtedness; |
| ● | issue additional securities; |
| ● | create liens; |
| ● | pay dividends or make distributions in respect of our capital stock or the capital stock of our subsidiaries; |
| ● | redeem capital stock; |
| ● | place restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; |
| ● | make investments or other restricted payments; |
| ● | sell or otherwise dispose of assets; |
| ● | enter into sale-leaseback transactions; |
| ● | engage in transactions with stockholders or affiliates; |
| ● | issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; or |
| ● | effect a consolidation or merger; |
| ● | whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios; |
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| ● | a discussion of certain material or special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities; |
| ● | information describing any book-entry features; |
| ● | the applicability of the provisions in the indenture on discharge; |
| ● | whether the debt securities are to be offered at a price such that they will be deemed to be offered at an “original issue discount” as defined in paragraph (a) of Section 1273 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; |
| ● | the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof; |
| ● | the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; and |
| ● | any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any additional events of default or covenants provided with respect to the debt securities, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations. |
When we refer to “principal” in this section with reference to the debt securities, we are also referring to “premium, if any.”
We may from time to time, without notice to or the consent of the holders of any series of debt securities, create and issue further debt securities of any such series ranking equally with the debt securities of such series in all respects (or in all respects other than (1) the payment of interest accruing prior to the issue date of such further debt securities or (2) the first payment of interest following the issue date of such further debt securities). Such further debt securities may be consolidated and form a single series with the debt securities of such series and have the same terms as to status, redemption or otherwise as the debt securities of such series.
You may present debt securities for exchange and you may present debt securities for transfer in the manner, at the places and subject to the restrictions set forth in the debt securities and the applicable prospectus supplement. We will provide you those services without charge, although you may have to pay any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with any exchange or transfer, as set forth in the indenture.
Debt securities may bear interest at a fixed rate or a floating rate. Debt securities bearing no interest or interest at a rate that at the time of issuance is below the prevailing market rate (original issue discount securities) may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to any such discounted debt securities or to certain debt securities issued at par which are treated as having been issued at a discount for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may issue debt securities with the principal amount payable on any principal payment date, or the amount of interest payable on any interest payment date, to be determined by reference to one or more currency exchange rates, securities or baskets of securities, commodity prices or indices. You may receive a payment of principal on any principal payment date, or a payment of interest on any interest payment date, that is greater than or less than the amount of principal or interest otherwise payable on such dates, depending on the value on such dates of the applicable currency, security or basket of securities, commodity or index. Information as to the methods for determining the amount of principal or interest payable on any date, the currencies, securities or baskets of securities, commodities or indices to which the amount payable on such date is linked and certain related tax considerations will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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Conversion or Exchange Rights
We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms under which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, our preferred stock or other securities (including securities of a third party). We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock, our preferred stock or other securities (including securities of a third party) that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.
Consolidation, Merger or Sale
Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indentures will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures or the debt securities, as appropriate. If the debt securities are convertible into or exchangeable for our other securities or securities of other entities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.
Events of Default under the Indenture
Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indentures with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:
| ● | if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days and the time for payment has not been extended; |
| ● | if we fail to pay the principal, premium or sinking fund payment, if any, when due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or repurchase or otherwise, and the time for payment has not been extended; |
| ● | if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the trustee or we and the trustee receive notice from the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and |
| ● | if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur. |
We will describe in each applicable prospectus supplement any additional events of default relating to the relevant series of debt securities.
If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default arises due to the occurrence of certain specified bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events, the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.
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Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:
| ● | the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and |
| ● | subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding. |
The indentures will provide that if an event of default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee will be required in the exercise of its powers to use the degree of care that a prudent person would use in the conduct of its own affairs. The trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the indenture, or that the trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder of the relevant series of debt securities, or that would involve the trustee in personal liability. Prior to taking any action under the indentures, the trustee will be entitled to indemnification against all costs, expenses and liabilities that would be incurred by taking or not taking such action.
A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if:
| ● | the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series; |
| ● | the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made a written request and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity to the trustee or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense or to be incurred in compliance with instituting the proceeding as trustee; and |
| ● | the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer. |
These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities, or other defaults that may be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.
The indentures will provide that if a default occurs and is continuing and is actually known to a responsible officer of the trustee, the trustee must mail to each holder notice of the default within the earlier of 90 days after it occurs and 30 days after it is known by a responsible officer of the trustee or written notice of it is received by the trustee, unless such default has been cured or waived. Except in the case of a default in the payment of principal or premium of, or interest on, any debt security or certain other defaults specified in an indenture, the trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the Board of Directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors, or responsible officers of the trustee, in good faith determine that withholding notice is in the best interests of holders of the relevant series of debt securities.
Modification of Indenture; Waiver
Subject to the terms of the indenture for any series of debt securities that we may issue, we and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to the following specific matters:
| ● | to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture; |
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| ● | to comply with the provisions described above under “Description of Debt Securities — Consolidation, Merger or Sale;” |
| ● | to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; |
| ● | to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the indenture; |
| ● | to provide for the issuance of, and establish the form and terms and conditions of, the debt securities of any series as provided under “Description of Debt Securities — General,” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities; |
| ● | to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; |
| ● | to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose; |
| ● | to add such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the benefit of the holders, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred to us in the indenture; or |
| ● | to change anything that does not adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in any material respect. |
In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, subject to the terms of the indenture for any series of debt securities that we may issue or otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:
| ● | extending the stated maturity of the series of debt securities; |
| ● | reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption or repurchase of any debt securities; or |
| ● | reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver. |
Discharge
Each indenture provides that, subject to the terms of the indenture and any limitation otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we may elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to:
| ● | register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series; |
| ● | replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series; |
| ● | maintain paying agencies; |
| ● | hold monies for payment in trust; |
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| ● | recover excess money held by the trustee; |
| ● | compensate and indemnify the trustee; and |
| ● | appoint any successor trustee. |
In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we will deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, and any premium and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the date’s payments are due.
Form, Exchange and Transfer
We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures will provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company or another depositary named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series. See “Legal Ownership of Securities” below for a further description of the terms relating to any book-entry securities.
At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.
Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so, required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.
We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.
If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:
| ● | issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or |
| ● | register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part. |
Information Concerning the Trustee
The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture and is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur. However, upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs.
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Payment and Paying Agents
Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest payment.
We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.
All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.
Governing Law
The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
Ranking Debt Securities
The subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and will be subordinate and junior in priority of payment to certain other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement. The subordinated indenture does not limit the amount of subordinated debt securities that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.
The senior debt securities will be unsecured and will rank equally in right of payment to all our other senior unsecured debt. The senior indenture does not limit the amount of senior debt securities that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.
The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements and free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and may be issued in one or more series. Warrants may be offered independently or together with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement, and may be attached to or separate from those securities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness.
We may issue the warrants under a warrant agreement that we will enter into with a warrant agent to be selected by us. If selected, the warrant agent will act solely as an agent of ours in connection with the warrants and will not act as an agent for the holders or beneficial owners of the warrants. If applicable, we will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a Current Report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering before the issuance of the related series of warrants.
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The
following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety
by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to a particular series of warrants. We
urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus related to the particular series of warrants
that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the
warrants.
General
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating to a series of warrants, including:
| ● | the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered; |
| ● | the currency for which the warrants may be purchased; |
| ● | if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security; |
| ● | if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable; |
| ● | in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise; |
| ● | in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise; |
| ● | the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants; |
| ● | the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; |
| ● | any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; |
| ● | the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire; |
| ● | the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified; |
| ● | United States federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants; |
| ● | the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and |
| ● | any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants. |
Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:
| ● | in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or |
| ● | in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any. |
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Exercise of Warrants
Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.
Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to us or the warrant agent as applicable.
Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants.
Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants
If selected, each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.
The following description of the subscription rights and terms of the subscription rights agreement is a summary. It summarizes only those aspects of the subscription rights and those portions of the subscription rights agreement which we believe will be most important to your decision to invest in our subscription rights. There may be other provisions in the subscription rights agreement and the subscription certificate relating to the subscription rights which are also important to you. You should read these documents for a full description of the terms of the subscription rights. The forms of the subscription rights agreement and the subscription certificate will be filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other security and may or may not be transferable. As part of the rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement under which the underwriters or any other person would purchase any securities that are not purchased in such rights offering. If we issue subscription rights, they may be governed by a separate subscription rights agreement that we will sign with a bank or trust company, as rights agent, that will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. The rights agent will act solely as our agent and will not assume any obligation to any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights.
In general, a right entitles the holder to purchase for cash a specific number of shares of equity securities at a specified exercise price. The rights are normally issued to stockholders as of a specific record date, may be exercised only for a limited period of time and become void following the expiration of such period. If we determine to issue subscription rights, we will accompany this prospectus with a prospectus supplement that will describe, among other things:
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| ● | the record date for stockholders entitled to receive the rights; |
| ● | the number of equity securities that may be purchased upon exercise of each right; |
| ● | the exercise price of the rights; |
| ● | whether the rights are transferable; |
| ● | the period during which the rights may be exercised and when they will expire; |
| ● | the steps required to exercise the rights; |
| ● | the price, if any, for the subscription rights; |
| ● | the number of subscription rights issued; |
| ● | the terms of the equity securities; |
| ● | the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable; |
| ● | if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or other arrangement entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights; |
| ● | the other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exercise of the subscription rights; |
| ● | whether the rights include “oversubscription rights” so that the holder may purchase more securities if other holders do not purchase their full allotments; |
| ● | whether we intend to sell the shares of equity securities that are not purchased in the rights offering to an underwriter or other purchaser under a contractual “standby” commitment or other arrangement; and |
| ● | any applicable United States federal income tax considerations. |
If fewer than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements and free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the units that we may offer under this prospectus.
While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any units that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of units in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any units offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness.
We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a Current Report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of unit agreement that describes the terms of the series of units we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of the related series of units. The following summaries of material terms and provisions of the units are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the unit agreement and any supplemental agreements applicable to a particular series of units. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of units that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete unit agreement and any supplemental agreements that contain the terms of the units.
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General
We may issue units comprised of one or more debt securities, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock and warrants in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of units, including:
| ● | the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; |
| ● | any provisions of the governing unit agreement that differ from those described below; and |
| ● | any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units. |
The provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “Description of Capital Stock,” “Description of Debt Securities” and “Description of Warrants” will apply to each unit and to any common stock, preferred stock, debt security or warrant included in each unit, respectively.
Unit Agent
The name and address of the unit agent, if any, for any units we offer will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Issuance in Series
We may issue units in such amounts and in numerous distinct series as we determine.
Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Units
Each unit agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable unit agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any unit. A single bank or trust company may act as unit agent for more than one series of units. A unit agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable unit agreement or unit, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a unit may, without the consent of the related unit agent or the holder of any other unit, enforce by appropriate legal action its rights as holder under any security included in the unit.
We, the unit agents and any of their agents may treat the registered holder of any unit certificate as an absolute owner of the units evidenced by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the units so requested, despite any notice to the contrary. See “Legal Ownership of Securities.”
We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee or depositary or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the “holders” of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as “indirect holders” of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.
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Book-Entry Holders
We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.
Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Global securities will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for global securities, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.
As a result, investors in a global security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of the securities.
Street Name Holders
We may terminate a global security or issue securities that are not issued in global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in “street name.” Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution.
For securities held in street name, we or any applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any such trustee or depositary will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not legal holders, of those securities.
Legal Holders
Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee or third party employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.
For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with its participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of an indenture, or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the legal holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the legal holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders.
Special Considerations for Indirect Holders
If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:
| ● | how it handles securities payments and notices; |
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| ● | whether it imposes fees or charges; |
| ● | how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required; |
| ● | whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a legal holder, if that is permitted in the future; |
| ● | how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and |
| ● | if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters. |
Global Securities
A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.
Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to, deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, NY, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.
A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “— Special Situations When A Global Security Will Be Terminated.” As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.
If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued as a global security, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.
Special Considerations for Global Securities
As an indirect holder, an investor’s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.
If securities are issued only as global securities, an investor should be aware of the following:
| ● | an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below; |
| ● | an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as we describe above; |
| ● | an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form; |
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| ● | an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in the global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective; |
| ● | the depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in the global security. We and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in the global security. We and the trustee also do not supervise the depositary in any way; |
| ● | the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in the global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well; and |
| ● | financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in the global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities. There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries. |
Special Situations When A Global Security Will Be Terminated
In a few special situations described below, a global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own names, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.
A global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:
| ● | if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days; |
| ● | if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or |
| ● | if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived. |
The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and neither we, nor any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.
We may sell the securities being offered hereby in one or more of the following ways from time to time:
| ● | through agents or dealers to the public or to investors; |
| ● | to underwriters for resale to the public or to investors; |
| ● | negotiated transactions; |
| ● | block trades; |
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| ● | directly to investors; or |
| ● | through a combination of any of these methods of sale. |
In addition, we may issue the securities as a dividend or distribution or in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders. This prospectus may be used in connection with any offering of our securities through any of these methods or other methods described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may directly solicit offers to purchase securities, or agents may be designated to solicit such offers. We will, in the prospectus supplement relating to such offering, name any agent that could be viewed as an underwriter under the Securities Act, and describe any commissions that we must pay. Any such agent will be acting on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment or, if indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, on a firm commitment basis.
As set forth in more detail below, the securities may be distributed from time to time in one or more transactions:
| ● | at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
| ● | at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; |
| ● | at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or |
| ● | at negotiated prices. |
Each prospectus supplement will describe the method of distribution of the securities and any applicable restrictions.
We will set forth in a prospectus supplement the terms of that particular offering of securities, including:
| ● | the name or names of any agents or underwriters; |
| ● | the purchase price of the securities being offered and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; |
| ● | any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; |
| ● | any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation; |
| ● | any initial public offering price; |
| ● | any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; and |
| ● | any securities exchanges or markets on which such securities may be listed. |
Only underwriters named in an applicable prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement.
If underwriters are used in an offering, we will execute an underwriting agreement with such underwriters and will specify the name of each underwriter and the terms of the transaction (including any underwriting discounts and other terms constituting compensation of the underwriters and any dealers) in a prospectus supplement. The securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or directly by one or more investment banking firms or others, as designated. If an underwriting syndicate is used, the managing underwriter(s) will be specified on the cover of the prospectus supplement. If underwriters are used in the
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sale, the offered securities
will be acquired by the underwriters for their own accounts and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including
negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Any public offering price
and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. Unless otherwise set forth
in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the offered securities will be subject to conditions precedent
and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the offered securities if any are purchased.
If we offer securities in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders, we may enter into a standby underwriting agreement with dealers, acting as standby underwriters. We may pay the standby underwriters a commitment fee for the securities they commit to purchase on a standby basis. If we do not enter into a standby underwriting arrangement, we may retain a dealer-manager to manage a subscription rights offering for us.
We may grant to the underwriters options to purchase additional securities to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price, with additional underwriting commissions or discounts, as may be set forth in a related prospectus supplement. The terms of any over-allotment option will be set forth in the prospectus supplement for those securities.
If we use a dealer in the sale of the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, we will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. The names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction will be specified in a prospectus supplement.
We may sell the securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, any agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation from us or from purchasers of the common stock for whom they act as agents in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities, and any institutional investors or others that purchase common stock directly and then resell the securities, may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts or commissions received by them from us and any profit on the resale of the common stock by them may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against particular civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to such liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.
We may engage in at the market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties (including the writing of options), or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with such a transaction, the third parties may, pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. If so, the third party may use securities borrowed from us or others to settle such sales and may use securities received from us to close out any related short positions. We may also loan or pledge securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement to third parties, who may sell the loaned securities or, in an event of default in the case of a pledge, sell the pledged securities pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or in a post-effective amendment.
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To facilitate an offering of a series of securities, persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the market price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involves the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than have been sold to them by us. In those circumstances, such persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by purchasing in the open market or by exercising the over-allotment option granted to those persons. In addition, those persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to underwriters or dealers participating in any such offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. We make no representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above, if implemented, may have on the price of our securities.
If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase securities from us pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the date stated in the prospectus supplement. Each contract will be for an amount not less than, and the aggregate amount of securities sold pursuant to such contracts shall not be less nor more than, the respective amounts stated in the prospectus supplement. Institutions with whom the contracts, when authorized, may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and other institutions, but shall in all cases be subject to our approval. Delayed delivery contracts will not be subject to any conditions except that:
| ● | the purchase by an institution of the securities covered under that contract shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which that institution is subject; and |
| ● | if the securities are also being sold to underwriters acting as principals for their own account, the underwriters shall have purchased such securities not sold for delayed delivery. The underwriters and other persons acting as our agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of delayed delivery contracts. |
Certain agents, underwriters and dealers, and their associates and affiliates may be customers of, have borrowing relationships with, engage in other transactions with, and/or perform services, including investment banking services, for us or one or more of our respective affiliates in the ordinary course of business.
Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. The applicable prospectus supplement may provide that the original issue date for your securities may be more than one scheduled business day after the trade date for your securities. Accordingly, in such a case, if you wish to trade securities on any date prior to the first business day before the original issue date for your securities, you will be required, by virtue of the fact that your securities initially are expected to settle in more than one scheduled business day after the trade date for your securities, to make alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each class or series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our common stock, which is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. We may elect to list any other class or series of securities on any exchange or market, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a class or series of securities, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of the securities.
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In order to comply with the securities laws of some U.S. states or territories, if applicable, the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus will be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.
Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of these activities at any time.
Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on The Nasdaq Capital Market may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities on The Nasdaq Capital Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security. If all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.
The validity of the issuance of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP, New York, NY. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The consolidated financial statements of VisionWave Holdings, Inc. as of September 30, 2025 and for the period from March 20, 2024 (date of inception) through September 30, 2024, included in the Registration Statement, which is referred to and made a part of this Registration statement, have been audited by RBSM LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report which is incorporated herein by reference, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
This prospectus constitutes a part of the registration statement on Form S-3 that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act. As permitted by the SEC’s rules, this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, which forms a part of the registration statement, do not contain all of the information that is included in the registration statement. You will find additional information about us in the registration statement. Any statement made in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement concerning legal documents are not necessarily complete and you should read the documents that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement or otherwise filed with the SEC for a more complete understanding of the document or matter.
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You can read our SEC filings, including the registration statement, over the internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website at www.VWAV.inc, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.
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You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at its public reference facilities at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. You may also obtain copies of these documents at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities. You may also request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at: 300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210 #301, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, and our telephone number is 302.305.4790.
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
This prospectus is part of the registration statement, but the registration statement includes and incorporates by reference additional information and exhibits. The SEC permits us to “incorporate by reference” the information contained in documents we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents rather than by including them in this prospectus. Information that is incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and you should read it with the same care that you read this prospectus and any subsequent prospectus supplement. Information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information that is either contained, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus, and will be considered to be a part of this prospectus from the date those documents are filed.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below, all filings filed by us pursuant to the Exchange Act after the date of the registration statement of which this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus forms a part, and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the time that all securities covered by this prospectus have been sold; provided, however, that we are not incorporating any information furnished under either Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K:
| (1) | the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, filed with the Commission on December 31, 2025; |
| (2) | The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2026, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2026. |
| (3) | The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended December 31, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2026. |
| (4) | The Company’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on October 9, 2025, November 5, 2025, November 12, 2025, November 18, 2025, November 26, 2025, December 4, 2025, December 10, 2025, December 17, 2025, December 30, 2025, January 7, 2026, January 7, 2026, January 12, 2026, January 23, 2026, January 23, 2026, January 26, 2026, February 2, 2026, February 6, 2026, February 10, 2026, February 17, 2026, February 23, 2026, February 25, 2026, February 27, 2026, March 9, 2026, March 11, 2026, March 16, 2026, March 17, 2026, March 17, 2026, march 18, 2026, March 19, 2026, March 24, 2026, April 2, 2026, April 13, 2026, April 20, 2026, April 23, 2026, May 4, 2026, May 11, 2026, May 15, 2026, May 21, 2026, June 2, 2026, June 4, 2026, June 12, 2026, June 17, 2026, June 25, 2026, June 30, 2026, July 2, 2026, July 21, 2026, July 24, 2026 and July 30, 2026 (other than any portions thereof deemed furnished and not filed); and |
| (5) | The description of the Common Stock contained in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the Commission on July 10, 2025 (File No. 001-42741) pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description. |
Any statements made in a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus are deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document, which is also incorporated by reference, modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement made in this prospectus is deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent a statement in any subsequently filed document, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
The information relating to us contained in this prospectus should be read together with the information in the documents incorporated by reference. In addition, certain information, including financial information, contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus should be read in conjunction with documents we have filed with the SEC.
We will provide to each person, including any beneficial holder, to whom a prospectus is delivered, at no cost, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in the prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus. Requests for documents should be by writing to or telephoning us at the following address: Visionwave Holdings, Inc., 300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210 #301, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, Attention: Investor Relations. Exhibits to these filings will not be sent unless those exhibits have been specifically incorporated by reference in such filings.
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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities or accept an offer to buy these securities until the registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
Subject to completion, dated August 3, 2026
VISIONWAVE HOLDINGS, INC.
10,800,000 Shares of Common Stock
This prospectus relates to the resale, from time to time, of up to 10,800,000 shares (the “Shares”) of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), by the Selling Stockholder (as defined below). The Shares covered by this prospectus consist of (x) up to 1,800,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant (as defined below) and (y) up to 9,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures (as defined below), in each case, issued to the Selling Stockholder in a private placement as described in this prospectus.
On July 20, 2026, VisionWave Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with YA II PN, LTD., a Cayman Islands exempt limited company (the “Selling Stockholder”). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, on July 20, 2026 (the “Closing Date”), the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder and the Selling Stockholder purchased from the Company (i) convertible debentures (the “Convertible Debentures”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15,000,000 and (ii) a warrant to purchase up to 1,800,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share (the “Warrant”), subject to adjustments as set forth in the Warrant. The first tranche, in the principal amount of $10,000,000, closed on July 20, 2026. The second tranche, in the principal amount of $5,000,000, will close upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, on the Closing Date, the Company and the Selling Stockholder entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company is obligated to file the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to register the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures and exercise of the Warrant. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus. We will, however, receive proceeds from any portion of the Warrant that is exercised through the payment of the exercise price in cash. We intend to use the proceeds, if any, for general corporate purposes. The Selling Stockholder will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to the sale of the Shares. We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the Shares.
The Selling Stockholder may offer such shares from time to time as it may determine through public or private transactions or through other means described in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” at prevailing market prices, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at privately negotiated prices. This prospectus does not necessarily mean that the Selling Stockholder will offer or sell the Shares. We cannot predict when or in what amounts the Selling Stockholder may sell any of the Shares offered by this prospectus. Any shares of Common Stock subject to resale hereunder will have been issued by us and acquired by the Selling Stockholder prior to any resale of such shares pursuant to this prospectus.
Our Common Stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “VWAV.” On July 31, 2026, the closing price of our Common Stock was $1.72 per share.
Investing in our securities involves various risks. See “Risk Factors” contained herein for more information on these risks. Additional risks will be described in the related prospectus supplements under the heading “Risk Factors.” You should review that section of the related prospectus supplements for a discussion of matters that investors in our securities should consider.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2026.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. Under the shelf registration process, the Selling Stockholder may, from time to time, offer and sell the Shares described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. Information about the Selling Stockholder may change over time. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our Common Stock by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus, although we will receive proceeds from any portion of the Warrant that is exercised through the payment of its respective exercise price in cash.
We may also file a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment may also add, update, or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, and any applicable prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.” We incorporate by reference important business and financial information about us into this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered to you. You may obtain the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus without charge by following the instructions under “Where You Can Find More Information.” All references in this prospectus to “PDS Biotech”, “PDS,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean PDS Biotechnology Corporation, unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires.
Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder has authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, or any applicable prospectus supplement prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We and the Selling Stockholder take no responsibility for and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of any other information that others may give you. The Selling Stockholder will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment and any applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus contains, and any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may contain, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. We believe this information is reliable as of the applicable date of its publication, however, we have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information included in or assumptions relied on in these third-party publications. In addition, the market and industry data and forecasts that may be included in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, the applicable prospectus supplement and otherwise incorporated by reference herein. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.
An investment in our securities involves certain risks that should be carefully considered by prospective investors. See “Risk Factors.”
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Overview
VisionWave, through its own internal developments, various industry partnerships, and through its wholly owned subsidiaries VisionWave Technologies Inc., a Nevada corporation (“VisionWave Technologies”), VisionWave IL, Ltd., an Israel corporation and Solar Drone Ltd, an Israeli corporation (“Solar Drone”), is at the forefront of creating software and hardware solutions for UxV (Unmanned Vehicles including UAVs, UGVs and USVs – Aerial, Ground and Submersible) capabilities by integrating advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous solutions for both defense and aerospace applications, and commercial uses. Our technologies, both those available for sale and in development, — ranging from high-resolution radars and advanced vision systems; to radio frequency (RF) sensing technologies; to high-speed compute platforms; to payload management for various UxVs like drones and UGVs, seek to improve operational efficiency and precision dual markets; for military and homeland security applications, and for commercial use cases worldwide.
With headquarters, research and development in the U.S., and offices in the U.S., Israel, the United Kingdom and France, VisionWave is seeking to position itself to serve global markets, offering defense and commercial solutions that address the evolving needs of security forces and commercial infrastructures across the world.
Since the formation of VisionWave Technologies on March 20, 2024, the Company has focused on the commercialization and customization of acquired and existing technologies, in defense, surveillance, and homeland security application; as well as commercial infrastructure uses of drones and other unmanned vehicles, for example, solar panel cleaning on large solar farms. VisionWave and the Company via VWAV BOCA JOM, LLC, currently holds a portfolio of patented solutions. As part of its commercialization efforts, VisionWave conducted simulated testing and validation for defense contractors to demonstrate the effectiveness of its technologies and has shipped and realized partial revenue through its wholly owned subsidiary Solar Drone. The ability to customize these solutions for specific client applications represents the final phase before large-scale deployment. subject to obtaining appropriate financing and large-scale purchase order of which there is no guarantee.
When VisionWave describes its products as “ready for deployment,” it refers to the technological capability to manufacture and deliver these products upon customer orders. Readiness does not imply existing inventory but instead reflects the ability to integrate technologies into customized solutions. Client-specific customizations (e.g., drone configurations, colors, or payload adaptations) are addressed through Non-Refundable Engineering (NRE) efforts post-order. As a result, no development costs were accrued before pilot orders and productions commenced.
VisionWave’ business model is built on innovation, strategic partnerships, manufacturing excellence, and collaboration, with the goal of enabling us to deliver solutions across the globe. VisionWave intends to license its proprietary technologies to defense contractors, government agencies, and industry leaders, enabling seamless integration into their systems and enhancing operational capabilities. Further, our products, including unmanned vehicles, advanced radar systems, and tactical platforms, will be sold directly to defense, homeland security, and industrial sectors, providing mission-critical solutions tailored to specific needs. We will also seek to develop strategic alliances and joint ventures, to co-develop customized solutions using our portfolio of advanced technologies. These partnerships drive innovation and expand our reach in global markets.
VisionWave has developed product lines that have reached the prototype phase are innovative products across three distinct categories, showcasing a portfolio designed to meet diverse market needs. Several of these products have reached technology readiness levels of proven through successful operations, indicating they are ready for deployment and at production readiness levels. These products are currently undergoing trials and demonstrations with targeted clients to validate performance, optimize functionality, and secure commercial orders, paving the way for potentially large-scale deployments.
Other products are in advanced stages of development, where they are being refined and validated in collaboration with partners to ensure operational reliability and compliance with client expectations. These efforts include conducting rigorous demonstrations for potential partners and customers to establish the solutions’ functionality, effectiveness, and scalability.
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VisionWave is strategically focused on transitioning these products into manufacturing once customer requirements are fully addressed, final validations are completed, and operational readiness is confirmed.
This multi-faceted approach reflects VisionWave’ commitment to balancing immediate commercialization opportunities with ongoing innovation and development, ensuring the company remains responsive to evolving market demands while delivering solutions.
Recent Developments
QuantumSpeed IP Asset Acquisition
On January 5, 2026, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Adrian Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Adrian Holdings S.R.L., a Costa Rican company (“Adrian”). Pursuant to the Adrian Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to acquire from Adrian, and Adrian agreed to sell, transfer, convey and assign to the Company, all right, title and interest in and to certain intellectual property assets related to the technology known as QuantumSpeed (the “Assigned IP”), as more fully described in the Adrian Asset Purchase Agreement.
In consideration for the Assigned IP, the Company agreed to pay Adrian aggregate consideration consisting of (i) 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Purchase Shares”), and (ii) a promissory note in the principal amount of $10,000,000 (the “Adrian Note”). At closing which occurred on January 5, 2026, the Company issued and delivered to Adrian 3,000,000 Purchase Shares (the “Closing Shares”) and executed and delivered the Adrian Note.
The issuance of the remaining 7,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Contingent Shares”) is subject to approval by the Company’s shareholders as required under applicable Nasdaq listing rules. The Company has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such shareholder approval (the “Shareholder Approval”) as soon as practicable following the Closing, including by including a proposal for such approval in its next annual or special meeting of shareholders (but excluding any special meeting to be held on or about February 2026), and in no event later than nine (9) months after the Closing Date. If Shareholder Approval is not obtained within nine (9) months after the Closing Date, then (i) the Company shall promptly cause sixty percent (60%) of the equity interests in QuantumSpeed Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company to which the acquired intellectual property assets will have been assigned, to be transferred to Adrian (or its designee) free and clear of all encumbrances (other than restrictions under applicable securities laws), (ii) Adrian’s security interest in such equity interests shall be automatically released, and (iii) Adrian shall retain full ownership of the 3,000,000 shares of common stock previously issued at Closing and the Adrian Note, without any obligation to return, cancel, or forfeit the same. For the avoidance of doubt, in such event, no alternative consideration will be provided in lieu of the Contingent Shares.
Strategic Joint Venture Agreement
On January 9, 2026, the Company entered into a Strategic Joint Venture Agreement (the “JV Agreement”) with BOCA JOM, LLC (“BOCA”), GBT Tokenize Corp. (“TOKENIZE”), and GBT Technologies, Inc. (“GBT”).
Pursuant to the JV Agreement, the parties agreed to form a joint venture limited liability company in the State of Nevada (the “JV LLC”) for the purpose of developing, commercializing, and managing designated electronic design automation (EDA), defense, and high-security technology projects (the “Designated Projects”).
Equity interests in the JV LLC were determined using an internal reference value of $1.0 billion solely to facilitate negotiation of ownership percentages. This internal value is not a statement of the JV’s actual fair market value and was reached without the benefit of an independent third-party valuation or fairness opinion. Accordingly, stockholders and investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on this figure as an indication of the value of the JV, its assets, or the Company’s interest therein for securities law purposes or otherwise. Ownership of the JV LLC is expected to be allocated among the parties as set forth in the Agreement and related exhibits.
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The contributions are as follows:
| ● | TOKENIZE will contribute 897,102 shares of the Company’s common stock and its intellectual property portfolio. |
| ● | GBT will contribute 2,020,500 shares of the Company’s common stock. |
| ● | BOCA will contribute the Designated Projects. |
| ● | BOCA and the Company will each enter into non-exclusive license agreements granting the JV LLC rights to use certain background intellectual property solely for the Designated Projects. |
All contributions of Company securities are subject to compliance with applicable securities laws and Nasdaq Listing Rules, including obtaining shareholder approval if required under Nasdaq Rule 5635. The JV LLC will be governed by a three-member board, with governance and deadlock resolution mechanisms to be set forth in a separate operating agreement. TOKENIZE and GBT will not participate in management or governance of the JV LLC. The Agreement provides that the Company may appoint a director to BOCA’s board. Any appointment of a BOCA designee to the Company’s board would be subject to approval by the Company’s independent directors, compliance with Nasdaq rules, and, if applicable, shareholder approval.
Intellectual property developed by the JV LLC (“Foreground IP”) will be owned by the JV LLC. Each party retains ownership of its independently developed intellectual property. License rights terminate upon termination of the Agreement, subject to limited survival for existing customer obligations. The Agreement has an initial term of seven years and includes customary termination rights, including termination if required regulatory approvals (such as CFIUS or export control approvals) are denied. If no Designated Project generates revenue within twelve months following formation of the JV LLC, the Agreement may be terminated and contributed consideration returned, subject to board-level fiduciary determinations. In February 2025, TOKENIZE and GBT funded the JV LLC with 2,917,602 shares of Common Stock. The JV LLC commenced development of one (out of three) intellectual properties, which we internally named OMEGA, in April 2026 and as of June 2026 this intellectual property has been developed as a proof of concept.
SaverOne Transaction
On January 26, 2026, VisionWave entered into a definitive Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with SaverOne 2014 Ltd., an Israeli company whose American Depositary Shares are listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market (“SaverOne”). The Exchange Agreement provided for a three-stage equity exchange and strategic collaboration under which VisionWave could acquire up to approximately 51% of SaverOne’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares on a fully diluted basis, and under which SaverOne could acquire shares of VisionWave common stock having an aggregate economic value of up to $7.0 million, in each case subject to milestone achievement, staged issuance, price-based adjustments and compliance with Nasdaq listing rules. The number of shares of VisionWave common stock issued at each closing was determined based on the five-day VWAP immediately preceding that closing (the “VWAV Average Price”).
All three closings under the Exchange Agreement have occurred. VisionWave completed the Stage 1 Closing on March 5, 2026, and completed the Stage 2 Closing (the Milestone 1 Exchange) and the Stage 3 Closing (the Milestone 2 Exchange) on June 22, 2026. The three stages were completed as follows:
● Stage 1. On March 5, 2026, in exchange for 365,610 shares of VisionWave Common Stock (the “Stage 1 VisionWave Shares”) having an aggregate value of approximately $2.74 million (calculated based on the VWAV Average Price of $7.5031 per share), SaverOne issued to VisionWave 148,584 restricted ADSs (representing 6,418,828,800 restricted ordinary shares), representing 19.99% of SaverOne’s issued and outstanding share capital (fully diluted) as of the effective date of the Exchange Agreement. VisionWave also issued the corresponding shares issuable to SaverOne management at the Stage 1 Closing pursuant to Schedule 1.7 of the Exchange Agreement, including the applicable portion of the $3 million management pool (39.1877%).
● Stage 2. Upon achievement of the first operational integration milestone, on June 22, 2026, in exchange for shares of VisionWave Common Stock having a value of approximately $2.74 million, SaverOne issued to VisionWave ADSs representing an additional 19.99% of SaverOne’s outstanding share capital (fully diluted) (the “Stage 2 Closing”). The consideration issued at the Stage 2 Closing included the corresponding shares issuable to SaverOne management pursuant to Schedule 1.7 of the Exchange Agreement, including the applicable portion of the $3 million management pool (39.1877%).
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● Stage 3. Upon achievement of the commercial or defense pilot milestone, on June 22, 2026, in exchange for shares of VisionWave Common Stock having a value of approximately $1.51 million, SaverOne issued to VisionWave ADSs representing an additional 11.02% of SaverOne’s outstanding share capital (fully diluted) (the “Stage 3 Closing”). The consideration issued at the Stage 3 Closing included the corresponding shares issuable to SaverOne management pursuant to Schedule 1.7 of the Exchange Agreement, including the applicable portion of the $3 million management pool (21.62%). The shares of VisionWave Common Stock issued in respect of the Stage 2 and Stage 3 Closings were issued to SaverOne on June 24, 2026 and totaled 1,310,861 shares.
Although the Stage 3 Closing would otherwise have resulted in VisionWave owning approximately 51% of SaverOne, in connection with the Stage 2 and Stage 3 Closings VisionWave assigned to Adrian Holdings S.R.L. its right to receive 14,843,945,442 of the SaverOne ordinary shares otherwise issuable to it, and those shares were issued directly to Adrian, reducing the outstanding principal amount of the promissory note previously issued to Adrian by approximately $1.43 million. As a result of this assignment and SaverOne utilizing an equity line resulting in further issuances, VisionWave beneficially owns approximately 30.30% of SaverOne’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares. VisionWave does not control SaverOne, does not consolidate SaverOne in its financial statements, and accounts for its investment in SaverOne under the equity method of accounting. The transaction establishes SaverOne as the core operating platform for VisionWave’s radio-frequency (RF) defense and security technologies, supported by a non-exclusive, worldwide license to certain VisionWave RF intellectual property for defense and security applications.
Blade Ranger Transaction
On December 3, 2025, VisionWave entered into the Blade Ranger Agreement) with Seller, and, solely for purposes of acknowledgment and certain covenants therein, the Target Company, which was amended on December 15, 2025. Pursuant to the Blade Ranger Agreement, VisionWave acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Target Company (the “Acquisition”) from the Seller in consideration for the issuance by VisionWave to the Seller (or its designee(s)) of the Buyer Shares and the Initial PFWs. Further, if the VWAP of VisionWave’s Common Stock for the five Trading Day period immediately preceding the date of effectiveness of the registration statement registering the resale of the Buyer Shares and Warrant Shares is less than $12.00 per share then VisionWave shall issue Blade Ranger such number of Additional PFWs equal the difference between (x) $21,600,000 divided by such average daily VWAP and (y) 1,800,000, to be issued within two Business Days following the effectiveness of such registration statement.
The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance at a nominal exercise price of $0.01 per share (with the aggregate exercise price, except for such nominal amount, pre-funded to VisionWave) and will remain exercisable until exercised in full, subject to customary adjustments, beneficial ownership limitations (9.99%), and an exchange cap of 19.99% of VisionWave’s outstanding common stock prior to the initial exercise date unless shareholder approval is obtained pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635. The Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants are subject to the registration rights set forth in the Agreement.
Bitcoin mining acceleration and orchestration platform
On February 17, 2026, the Company entered into a Statement of Work (the “SOW”) with a third-party vendor for the development, validation, and deployment of a custom qSpeed-Mine™ Bitcoin mining acceleration and orchestration platform. The SOW has a total contract value of $10.0 million and represents a commitment for custom software and systems development to enhance the Company’s Bitcoin mining operations. The SOW provides for the design, validation, and deployment of a production-grade software acceleration layer, fleet orchestration/control plane, observability tools, security hardening, and deployment engineering optimized for Bitcoin (SHA-256d) mining across up to approximately 1,000 nodes/machines. The engagement is structured with objective technical milestones and acceptance criteria, and payments are contingent upon successful delivery and acceptance of each milestone. The expected program duration is approximately 32 weeks.
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The SOW provides for the following milestone-based payment structure:
| ● | $350,000 was paid upon execution of the SOW; |
| ● | Approximately $1.0 million is payable through completion and acceptance of the proof-of-concept (“POC”) milestone; |
| ● | Approximately $6.0 million is payable upon completion and acceptance of successive intermediate milestones, including scaled deployment and operational validation; and |
| ● | Approximately $3.0 million is payable upon final delivery and full program acceptance. |
If milestone execution proceeds as planned, the SOW is structured to generate not less than the full $10.0 million in revenue during calendar year 2026, subject to milestone completion and acceptance of which there is no guarantee. Revenue is expected to be recognized in accordance with applicable accounting standards based on milestone achievement and acceptance. All deliverables under the SOW are owned by the Company, reinforcing the Company’s proprietary rights in the QuantumSpeed™ platform. The SOW does not obligate the counterparty to continue beyond accepted milestones and does not include minimum purchase or volume commitments beyond the defined milestone structure.
Following execution of the Statement of Work, VisionWave commenced work on the project but, due to the lack of further development, VisionWave suspended further work. To date, the client has neither requested continuation of the project nor provided a formal notice of termination.
C.M. Composite Materials Ltd. Transaction
On February 20, 2026 (the “Effective Date”), the Company, entered into two related definitive agreements in connection with a strategic investment and acquisition transaction involving C.M. Composite Materials Ltd., an Israeli corporation with registration number 513931980 (the “C.M. Composite”): (i) an Investment and Share Purchase Agreement (the “Share Purchase Agreement”), dated as of February 20, 2026, by and among the Company (as Buyer), Matania (Mati) Moskovich (as Seller)(“Moskovich”), and the C.M. Composite (solely for purposes of acknowledgment and certain covenants); and (ii) a Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”), dated as of February 20, 2026, by and between the Company (as Lender) and the C.M. Composite (as Borrower).
Pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to acquire from the Seller 10.2 ordinary shares of the C.M. Composite (the “Purchased Shares”), representing 51% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of the C.M. Composite (which has 20 outstanding ordinary shares out of 30,000 authorized ordinary shares, par value 0.1 NIS per share). In consideration therefor, the Company agreed to issue to Moskovich 250,000 shares of the Company’s Common stock (the “Buyer Shares”), valued at $2,500,000 based on the parties’ agreement.
The Loan Agreement provides for a secured loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $5,000,000 (the “Commitment”). The Company is obligated to make an initial advance of up to $1,500,000 within ten (10) Business Days following the Effective Date (subject to satisfaction of conditions precedent), to be used for general working capital purposes consistent with the C.M. Composite’s ordinary course of business. Subsequent advances of the remaining up to $3,500,000 may be made in one or more tranches upon mutual written agreement of the parties, solely for working capital or the establishment and operation of a new facility outside Israel, with each tranche subject to the Company’s reasonable approval and minimum amounts (generally not less than $250,000 unless otherwise agreed). Proceeds of subsequent advances are to be used exclusively to operate, develop, certify, market, and commercialize the C.M. Composite’s technologies and products in global markets, including the United States. The Company advanced $500,000 to C.M. Composite on February 5, 2026, the Company advanced $200,000 to C.M. Composite on January 22, 2026 and the Company advanced $398,345 to C.M. Composite on December 26, 2025. The advances were made pursuant to a promissory note with a 24-month maturity, bearing no interest unless an event of default occurs (then at 5% per annum or the lower legal maximum), prepayable without penalty, and not contingent on any acquisition or strategic transaction.
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Any loan pursuant to the Loan Agreement will bear simple interest at 12% per annum (or such lower rate as mutually agreed in writing, but not exceeding prevailing market rates for similar loans as determined in good faith by the Company), calculated on a 360-day year basis for actual days elapsed. The loan will mature three (3) years after the Effective Date. The obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all assets of the C.M. Composite (including accounts, inventory, equipment, general intangibles, intellectual property, and proceeds thereof).
On March 11, 2026, the Company entered into a Side Letter (the “Side Letter”) with C.M. Composite, Giza Zinger Even Mezzanine, Limited Partnership (“Giza”), and Moskovich. The Side Letter supplements and addresses certain obligations under the Share Purchase Agreement and the Loan Agreement with C.M. Composite and Moskovich, as well as the settlement agreement dated February 5, 2026, between Giza, Mati, and C.M. Composite (the “Giza Settlement Agreement”).
Pursuant to the Side Letter, among other things:
| ● | the Company acknowledges the terms of the Giza Settlement Agreement and agrees that C.M. Composite’s performance thereunder (including payments, reporting, and security perfection) does not constitute a breach or default under the Share Purchase Agreement, Loan Agreement, Note, or related agreements. |
| ● | the Company consents to all payments by C.M. Composite (or its affiliates) to Giza under the Giza Settlement Agreement, including an immediate payment already made by the Company directly to Giza and ongoing periodic payments, and agrees not to interfere with such payments. |
| ● | until full satisfaction of such obligations, neither C.M. Composite nor the Company shall take actions resulting in dilution of C.M. Composite’s shareholders, including issuances of equity, options, warrants, or convertible securities; the Company further agrees not to exercise conversion rights under the Note without Giza’s prior written consent. |
| ● | the Company irrevocably commits to provide aggregate funding of at least $5,000,000 to C.M. Composite, allocated as $1,500,000 for working capital and $3,500,000 for establishing and operating a new facility outside Israel. |
| ● | C.M. Composite’s activities outside Israel (including those funded by the committed amount) must be conducted directly by C.M. Composite, not through subsidiaries or other entities, unless pledged to Giza. |
| ● | Neither the Company nor C.M. Composite shall structure transactions to circumvent the Giza Settlement Agreement’s restrictions or payment priorities. |
| ● | Moskovich shall appoint an Israeli trustee (subject to Giza’s approval) for certain shares of C.M. Composite. |
On February 26, 2026, the Company entered into the First Amendment (the “Amendment”) to that certain Share Purchase Agreement by and among the Company, Moskovich, and, solely for purposes of acknowledgment and certain covenants therein, C.M. Composite.
The Amendment adds a new recital to the Share Purchase Agreement emphasizing that the sole purpose of the Company entering into the SPA is to facilitate and enable the establishment of a joint venture in India between C.M. Composite (and/or FBM) and Belrise Industries Limited (or its affiliate) as contemplated by that certain Memorandum of Understanding dated February 16, 2026 (the “Belrise MOU”), and that the execution and performance of definitive agreements with Belrise Industries Limited (the “Belrise JV Agreements”) is a critical and indispensable component of the overall transaction.
The Amendment provides that the Company’s obligation to consummate the purchase of the Purchased Shares and the other transactions contemplated by the SPA is expressly conditioned upon the satisfaction (or waiver by the Company in its sole and absolute discretion) of the following condition precedent (the “Belrise Condition”): (a) C.M. Composite and FBM Composite Materials Ltd. shall have duly executed and delivered the Belrise JV Agreements substantially in the form and on the terms contemplated by the Belrise MOU; and (b) the Belrise JV
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Agreements shall be in full force and effect and shall not have been terminated, amended, or modified in any respect materially adverse
to C.M. Composite or the Company without the prior written consent of the Company. The Seller acknowledges that the Belrise Condition
is material, and failure to satisfy it entitles the Company to terminate the SPA without liability.
The Amendment amends and restates Section 2.3 of the Share Purchase Agreement to provide that the Closing shall take place remotely no later than December 31, 2026 (or such later date as mutually agreed), provided that in no event shall the Closing occur unless and until the Belrise Condition has been satisfied (or waived by the Company).
The Amendment also permits termination by the Company if the Belrise Condition has not been satisfied (or waived by the Company) on or before December 31, 2026 (the “Belrise Long-Stop Date”), provided that the Company may not terminate if it is then in material breach of its obligations under the Share Purchase Agreement.
xClibre IP Assets Acquisition
On April 10, 2026, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Dream America Marketing Services, Ltda., a Costa Rican company (the “Seller”). Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company agreed to acquire from the Seller, and the Seller agreed to sell, transfer, convey and assign to the Company, all right, title and interest in and to certain intellectual property assets related to the technology known as xClibre (the “Assigned IP”), as more fully described in the Agreement.
In consideration for the Assigned IP, the Company agreed to pay the Seller aggregate consideration consisting of (i) 7,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Purchase Shares”), and (ii) a promissory note in the principal amount of $6,000,000 (the “Note”).
At closing, the Company has issued and delivered to the Seller 3,500,000 Purchase Shares (the “Closing Shares”) and executed and delivered the Note.
The issuance of the remaining 3,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Contingent Shares”) is subject to (i) satisfactory proof-of-concept results and (ii) Nasdaq Shareholder Approval under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635. The Company has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such proof-of-concept approval (the “POC Approval”) as soon as practicable following the Closing, and in no event later than nine (9) months after the Closing Date. The Company has also agreed to use reasonable best efforts to obtain Nasdaq Shareholder Approval. If proof-of-concept approval is not obtained within nine (9) months after the Closing Date, then (i) the Company shall promptly cause sixty percent (60%) of the equity interests in xClibre Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company to which the acquired intellectual property assets will have been assigned, to be transferred to the Seller (or its designee) free and clear of all encumbrances (other than restrictions under applicable securities laws), (ii) the Seller’s security interest in such equity interests shall be automatically released, and (iii) the Seller shall retain full ownership of the 3,500,000 shares of common stock previously issued at Closing and the Note, without any obligation to return, cancel, or forfeit the same. For the avoidance of doubt, in such event, no alternative consideration will be provided in lieu of the Contingent Shares.
An independent third-party valuation by BDO Consulting Group assessed the xClibre intellectual property at approximately $60 million as of April 10, 2026, based on certain assumptions regarding future development success, market adoption, and discount rates. This valuation is not a guarantee of realizable value and is subject to significant risks, including potential impairment if development milestones are not met. The Company’s Board was provided also with a fairness opinion by BDO Consulting Group for the structure and the value of the transaction. The Company’s Board of Directors reviewed this valuation and determined that the transaction is fair to, and in the best interests of, the Company and its stockholders.
The Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnification provisions for a transaction of this nature.
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The Assigned IP consists of intellectual property rights owned by the Seller relating to the xClibre technology, including patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, know-how, software and other proprietary rights, as set forth in Exhibit A to the Agreement.
YA II Transactions
On July 25, 2025, we entered into the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”) with YA II PN, LTD., a Cayman Islands exempt limited company (“YA II” or “Investor”). Under the SEPA, the Company has the right to sell to YA II up to $50 million of its shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the SEPA, from time to time during the term of the SEPA.
Upon the satisfaction of the conditions to YA II’s purchase obligation set forth in the SEPA, including having a registration statement registering the resale of the shares of common stock issuable under the SEPA declared effective by the SEC, the Company will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at its discretion until the SEPA is terminated to direct Investor to purchase a specified number of shares of common stock (“Advance”) by delivering written notice to YA II (“Advance Notice”). While there is no mandatory minimum amount for any Advance, it may not exceed an amount equal to 100% of the average of the daily traded amount during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding an Advance Notice.
The shares of common stock purchased pursuant to an Advance delivered by the Company will be purchased at a price equal to 97% of the lowest daily VWAP of the shares of common stock during the three consecutive trading days commencing on the date of the delivery of the Advance Notice, other than the daily VWAP on a day in which the daily VWAP is less than a minimum acceptable price as stated by the Company in the Advance Notice or there is no VWAP on the subject trading day. The Company may establish a minimum acceptable price in each Advance Notice below which the Company will not be obligated to make any sales to YA II. “VWAP” is defined as the daily volume weighted average price of the shares of common stock for such trading day on the Nasdaq Stock Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P.
The January Amendment amended the SEPA to, among other things:
(i) remove the Investor’s ability to deliver investor notices, which previously allowed the Investor to require the Company to issue and sell shares of Common Stock to the Investor in offset of amounts outstanding under the Convertible Notes;
(ii) modify the conditions under which an Amortization Event (as defined in the Convertible Notes) may occur, providing that no Amortization Event shall be deemed to have occurred due to a Registration Event (as defined in the Convertible Notes) prior to the Rule 144 Date, and after the Rule 144 Date, no such Amortization Event shall occur so long as the Company remains current on its filings with the SEC and the Investor is able to rely on Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to resell shares of Common Stock issuable under the Promissory Notes;
(iii) cancel the Investor’s obligation to fund an additional $2,000,000 in principal amount to the Company as set forth in a letter agreement dated September 11, 2025, between the Company and the Investor (provided that subsequent fundings on the same or different terms may be mutually agreed by the parties in the future and documented in writing); and
(iv) require the Company to use its best efforts to promptly respond to comments from the staff of the SEC regarding the Company’s initial Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-289952) and seek effectiveness of such Registration Statement as soon as reasonably practicable.
In connection with the SEPA, and subject to the condition set forth therein, YA II has agreed to advance to the Company the Pre-Paid Advance. The first Pre-Paid Advance was disbursed on July 25, 2025 with respect to $3.0 million and the balance of $2.0 million was disbursed on September 11, 2025. The purchase price for the Pre-Paid Advance is 94% of the principal amount of the Pre-Paid Advance. Interest shall accrue on the outstanding balance of any Pre-Paid Advance at an annual rate equal to 6.0%, subject to an increase to 18% upon an event of default as described in the Convertible Notes. The maturity date will be 12-months after the closing of each tranche of the Pre-Paid Advance. Investor may convert the Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a
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conversion price equal
to the lower of $10.00 or 93% of the lowest daily VWAP during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion (the
“Conversion Price”); provided, that in no event may the Conversion Price be lower than $1.00 (the “Floor Price”).
In addition, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default, the Convertible Notes may be declared immediately
due and payable, in which case the Company shall pay to YA II the principal and interest due thereunder. In no event shall Investor be
allowed to effect a conversion if such conversion, along with all other shares of common stock then beneficially owned by YA II and its
affiliates, would exceed 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the then common stock of the Company. If at any time on or after the issuance
of the Convertible Notes (i) the Floor Price Event, (ii) the Exchange Cap Event or (iii) a Registration Event occurs, provided, however,
that no Registration Event shall be deemed to have occurred prior to the Rule 144 Date, and after the Rule 144 Date, no Registration Event
shall be deemed to have occurred so long as the Company remains current on its filings with the SEC and the Investor is able to rely on
Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to resell shares of common stock issuable under the Convertible Notes, then the
Company shall make monthly payments to Investor beginning on the seventh trading day after the Amortization Event and continuing monthly
in the amount of $750,000 plus a 5.0% premium and all accrued and unpaid interest. The Exchange Cap Event will not apply in the event
the Company has obtained the approval from its stockholders in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq Stock Market for the issuance of shares
of common stock pursuant to the transactions contemplated in the Convertible Note and the SEPA in excess of the Exchange Cap.
The Company will control the timing and amount of any sales of shares of common stock to YA II. Actual sales of shares of common stock to Investor as an Advance under the SEPA will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, which may include, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources of funding for our business and operations.
The SEPA will automatically terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the 24-month anniversary of the date of the SEPA or (ii) the date on which Investor shall have made payment of Advances pursuant to the SEPA for shares of common stock equal to $50,000,000. We have the right to terminate the SEPA at no cost or penalty upon five (5) trading days’ prior written notice to Investor, provided that there are no outstanding Advance Notices for which shares of common stock need to be issued and the Company has paid all amounts owed to Investor pursuant to the Convertible Notes and the SEPA. The Company and YA II may also agree to terminate the SEPA by mutual written consent. Neither the Company nor YA II may assign or transfer our respective rights and obligations under the SEPA, and no provision of the SEPA may be modified or waived by us or Investor other than by an instrument in writing signed by both parties.
As consideration for YA II’s commitment to purchase the shares of common stock pursuant the SEPA, the Company paid YA II, (i) a structuring fee in the amount of $35,000 and (ii) 200,000 shares of common stock as an equity fee. Further, the Company is required to pay YA II a commitment fee of $500,000 of which $250,000 shall be due and payable on the earlier of the effective date of the initial registration statement, or 60 days following the date of the SEPA, and the remaining $250,000 shall be due and payable on the date that is 90 days following the due date of the initial $250,000 installment, in each case to be paid by the issuance of such number of common shares that is equal to the applicable portion of the commitment fee divided by the average of the daily VWAPs of the common shares during the three trading days immediately prior to the applicable due date.
On February 26, 2026, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with YA II PN, Ltd. (the “Investor”), pursuant to which the Investor agreed to provide the Company with a $20,000,000 senior loan (the “Loan”) on the terms and conditions set forth therein.
The Loan is evidenced by a Promissory Note (the “Note”) in the original principal amount of $20,000,000, bearing 0% interest per annum (increasing to 18% upon an Event of Default as defined therein). The Note was issued at an original issue discount of 15%, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $17,000,000 (prior to deduction of a $25,000 structuring and due diligence fee), or $16,975,000 net cash received.
The Note matures 12 months from issuance and requires monthly amortization payments of $2,500,000 of principal (plus a 2% Payment Premium on such principal amount) beginning on the 60th day following issuance and continuing on the same day of each successive month thereafter until maturity (each an “Installment Date”). The Company may satisfy any Installment Amount in cash or, at its election, by delivering an Advance Notice under the Company’s existing Standby Equity Purchase Agreement dated July 25, 2025, as amended (the “SEPA”), subject to a 30-day repayment waterfall in favor of the Investor.
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The Company has the right to optionally redeem all or any portion of the outstanding principal at any time at 105% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. Upon an uncured Event of Default, the Investor may convert all or any portion of the outstanding principal, accrued interest, and other amounts due into Common Stock at a conversion price equal to 90% of the lowest daily VWAP during the 10 consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to the conversion date, subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership blocker, and a floor price.
Concurrently with the issuance of the Note, the Company issued to the Investor a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase 1,333,333 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.00 per share, exercisable for a term of five years from issuance.
The obligations under the Note are guaranteed by each subsidiary of the Company pursuant to a Global Guaranty Agreement.
The Letter Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants (including restrictions on variable rate transactions, additional indebtedness without consent, and use of proceeds), and events of default. The Company is not required to register the shares issuable upon conversion of the Note but has agreed to register the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant. The Investor has demand registration rights covering all shares of common stock underlying the Note. Upon written demand, the Company must file a resale registration statement within 45 calendar days, use commercially reasonable efforts to cause it to become effective promptly, and address any Rule 415 limitations through pro-rata reductions and successive filings as necessary. In addition, the Company shall, at its sole cost and expense, file with the SEC on or before the date that is 90 calendar days after the closing date file a registration statement on Form S-1 registering the resale of all of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant (the “Warrant Registration Statement”). The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Warrant Registration Statement to be declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof.
July 2026 Private Placement
On July 20, 2026, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Investor pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Investor convertible debentures in the aggregate principal amount of up to $15,000,000 (the “Convertible Debentures”), at a purchase price equal to 85% of the principal amount thereof, in two tranches. The first tranche, in the principal amount of $10,000,000, closed on July 20, 2026 (the “First Closing”). The second tranche, in the principal amount of $5,000,000, will close upon the effectiveness of the initial registration statement described below under “Registration Rights Agreement.” The Company also paid the Investor a non-refundable due diligence fee of $50,000, which was netted from the proceeds of the First Closing. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.
The Convertible Debentures bear interest at a rate of 5.00% per annum (which increases to 18.00% per annum during the continuance of an event of default), calculated on the basis of a 365-day year, and mature on July 20, 2027. Beginning on December 30, 2026, and on the same day of each calendar month thereafter, the Company is required to repay the Convertible Debentures in monthly installments of $1,750,000 of principal, plus a payment premium equal to 2% of the principal amount being paid and accrued and unpaid interest. Installment amounts are payable, at the Company’s option, in cash or by offset against the proceeds of one or more advances under the Company’s Standby Equity Purchase Agreement with the Investor, dated July 25, 2025, as amended (the “SEPA”). While the Convertible Debentures are outstanding, any advances under the SEPA must use the three-day pricing option provided for therein, and payments in excess of the installment amount then due are not subject to the payment premium. The Company may redeem amounts outstanding under the Convertible Debentures prior to maturity at any time upon advance notice by paying the principal amount being redeemed, a redemption premium equal to 5% of such principal amount, and accrued and unpaid interest.
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The Convertible Debentures are convertible at the option of the Investor into shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at a fixed conversion price of $5.00 per share. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the Investor may convert at the lower of such fixed price or a variable price equal to 90% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price of the Common Stock during the ten trading days immediately preceding the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.702 per share. The Investor may not convert the Convertible Debentures (or exercise the Warrants described below) to the extent that, after giving effect thereto, the Investor and its affiliates would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock. The Convertible Debentures also may not be converted, and the Warrants may not be exercised, to the extent the shares issuable would exceed the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that the Company may issue under the applicable rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Exchange Cap”), unless the Company’s stockholders approve issuances in excess of the Exchange Cap.
The Securities Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of the Company, including, among other things, covenants that, while the Convertible Debentures are outstanding and subject to specified exceptions, restrict the Company’s ability to enter into variable rate transactions (other than pursuant to the SEPA), incur additional indebtedness or grant liens, effect discounted offerings, and make payments on certain related-party indebtedness. Closing of the transaction was conditioned upon, among other things, the delivery of consent and deferral agreements by the holders of certain outstanding promissory notes issued by the Company.
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to the Investor warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to 1,800,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The Warrants are exercisable upon issuance and expire 36 months after the date of issuance. The Warrants are exercisable for cash, provided that if, after the six-month anniversary of the date of the Securities Purchase Agreement, a registration statement covering the resale of the shares underlying the Warrants is not available, the Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis.
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the Investor (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to file with the SEC an initial registration statement covering the resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures and exercise of the Warrants, together with certain additional shares issuable under the SEPA, within 60 days, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective within the deadlines specified therein and to maintain its effectiveness until the registrable securities have been sold or may be sold without restriction under Rule 144.
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, certain subsidiaries of the Company receiving proceeds of the Convertible Debentures, consisting of VisionWave Technologies, Inc., VisionWave Holdings UK Ltd and Solar Drone Ltd., entered into a Global Guaranty Agreement in favor of the Investor (the “Guaranty”), pursuant to which such subsidiaries, jointly and severally, guaranteed the payment obligations of the Company under the Convertible Debentures and the related transaction documents.
On July 20, 2026, as a condition to the First Closing, the Company entered into side letter agreements (the “Consent and Deferral Letters”) with each of Dream America Marketing Services, Ltda. (“Dream America”), the holder of a promissory note issued by the Company on April 10, 2026 in the original principal amount of $6,000,000, and Adrian Holdings S.R.L. (“Adrian”), the holder of a promissory note issued by the Company on January 5, 2026 in the original principal amount of $10,000,000. Pursuant to the Consent and Deferral Letters, each of Dream America and Adrian has agreed, until the obligations under the Convertible Debentures have been indefeasibly paid in full, (i) not to demand, request, accept, receive or apply any cash payments from the Company in respect of its promissory note (including payments of principal, interest, fees, default interest, premiums, costs or expenses), with any such payments received to be returned to the Company or held in suspense unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Investor, and (ii) to forbear from exercising its rights and remedies upon the occurrence of any default under its promissory note. Each of Dream America and Adrian has also consented to the Company’s incurrence of the indebtedness under the Convertible Debentures and to the payments required to be made thereunder, whether made in cash or through the issuance and sale of shares of Common Stock and the use of the proceeds of such issuances and sales to repay the Convertible Debentures. Except as set forth in the Consent and Deferral Letters, the terms of such promissory notes remain in full force and effect.
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On July 20, 2026, the Investor, as holder of the promissory notes issued by the Company in connection with prepaid advances under the SEPA on July 25, 2025 (in the original principal amount of $3,000,000) and September 11, 2025 (in the original principal amount of $2,000,000) (collectively, the “SEPA Notes”), delivered to the Company written notice of its election, pursuant to the terms of the SEPA Notes, to extend the maturity date of the SEPA Notes to January 25, 2027 (the “Maturity Extension”), which extension the Company acknowledged and agreed.
Solar Drone Transaction to Acquire Junko Solar
On March 11, 2026, SolarDrone Ltd. (“SolarDrone”), an Israeli subsidiary of VisionWave entered into a Consulting and Share Purchase Agreement (the “Junko Agreement”) with Mr. Amos Cohen, the controlling shareholder of Junko Solar Ltd., an Israeli company engaged in solar panel maintenance and cleaning services. Pursuant to the Junko Agreement, SolarDrone agreed to acquire 51% of the issued and outstanding shares of Junko Solar Ltd. (the “Junko Transaction”). The parties agreed on a pre-money valuation of Junko Solar of $400,000, and SolarDrone agreed to purchase the 51% controlling interest for an aggregate purchase price of $204,000. The purchase price will be paid in three equal installments:
| ● | $68,000 upon execution of the Agreement |
| ● | $68,000 within 35 days |
| ● | $68,000 within 35 days thereafter |
Upon payment of the first installment, the shares representing 51% ownership of Junko Solar Ltd. will be transferred to SolarDrone or its designated affiliate.
Pursuant to the Agreement, Mr. Amos Cohen was appointed Chief Executive Officer and a director of SolarDrone Ltd. Mr. Cohen will provide management and strategic services to SolarDrone pursuant to a consulting arrangement and will receive a consulting fee of 50,000 N.I.S per month plus VAT.
As part of the Transaction, Junko Solar Ltd. will transfer operational activities related to solar panel cleaning and maintenance services, including customer relationships, business opportunities, and related operational assets to SolarDrone. SolarDrone will manage and operate the business going forward.
National Oil Company of Liberia
On March 18, 2026, the Company entered into a Letter of Engagement (“LOE”) with the National Oil Company of Liberia (“NOCAL”), relating to offshore petroleum Blocks LB-4 and LB-5 located in the Liberia Basin. The LOE establishes a structured framework for the Company to advance toward the execution of a Production Sharing Contract (“PSC”) with the Government of Liberia, subject to prequalification by the Liberia Petroleum Regulatory Authority (“LPRA”), regulatory approvals, and legislative ratification by the Liberian Legislature.
The Company has been granted exclusive, non-transferable rights to pursue the Blocks for a period of eight (8) months from execution of the LOE (“Effective Date”), subject to extension if delays in the PSC process are not attributable to the Company. During this period, NOCAL is prohibited from negotiating or granting rights in the Blocks to third parties (except limited reconnaissance licenses that do not interfere). Assignment requires NOCAL’s prior written approval, not unreasonably withheld.
The Company has agreed to pay an initial signing bonus of $300,000 per block (total $600,000) within sixty (60) days following execution of the LOE by both parties. In the event the Blocks are not awarded to the Company for reasons not attributable to the Company, such payment is refundable in full without interest. This obligation is binding and material to the Company’s near-term liquidity.
Following execution of a PSC, the Company would be required to license seismic data for not less than $1,000,000 per block within 120 days of PSC execution. Upon execution and ratification of a PSC, the Company would be required to pay a signature bonus of $1,000,000 per block, payable within ninety (90) days of legislative ratification. The LOE contemplates a 10% carried interest to NOCAL; 10% carried interest to the Government of Liberia; 5% carried interest to citizens; and up to 5% participation by a local Liberian company. The contemplated PSC includes a multi-phase exploration program over approximately seven (7) years.
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The LOE contains
binding provisions, including exclusivity, confidentiality, compliance with anti-corruption laws (including FCPA) and specified financial
obligations. However, the LOE does not constitute a final award of petroleum rights or grant any exploration or production rights at this
stage. The execution of a PSC remains subject to prequalification, regulatory approvals, and legislative ratification in Liberia.
There can be no assurance that a PSC will be executed or that the Company will ultimately be awarded the Blocks, that the Company’s
proprietary RF sensing technologies will prove feasible or effective in this new application domain (outside the Company’s core
defense and security markets), or that the Company will derive any revenue or benefit from this initiative. The Company may require additional
capital, strategic partners, or farm-out arrangements to fulfill obligations, and the transaction involves significant geopolitical, regulatory,
and operational risks in an emerging market jurisdiction.
T3 Defense, Inc. Share Exchange and Swap Agreement
On May 17, 2026, the Company entered into a Share Exchange and Swap Agreement (the “DFNS Agreement”) with T3 Defense Inc., a Nasdaq-listed company (“DFNS”). Pursuant to the DFNS Agreement, the Company issued and delivered to DFNS 475,492 newly issued shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “VWAV Exchange Shares”) and, in exchange, DFNS issued to the Company 6,000,000 newly issued shares of DFNS common stock The VWAV Exchange Shares were issued at the Nasdaq closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on May 15, 2026 ($5.590 per share), for an aggregate value of approximately $2.658 million.
The VWAV Exchange Shares were issued as “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act in a private placement exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, and bear a customary restrictive legend. The shares are subject to additional contractual restrictions on transfer and legend removal that require the prior written consent of both parties.
Proposed Tier IV Data Center Joint Venture
On June 12, 2026, the Company entered into a term sheet (the “Data Center Term Sheet”) with Lucky Whale Production Limited, a Hong Kong-incorporated project sponsor (the “Sponsor”), setting out the principal proposed terms for the establishment of a joint venture to develop, hold and operate a proposed Tier IV data center project located in Beth Shemesh, Israel (the “Project”).
Under the proposed structure, the Company and the Sponsor would form a jointly held company (owned 68% by the Company and 32% by the Sponsor) that would in turn hold 75% of a special purpose project company holding the land, building permit and related rights for the Project, resulting in the Company holding an effective indirect interest of approximately 51% in the Project. As consideration for the Project rights, the Company would issue shares of its Common Stock with an aggregate value of approximately $40 million to the land owner, on an all-share basis with no cash component, subject to required approvals (including, to the extent required, Nasdaq stockholder approval), lock-up and orderly resale arrangements and customary registration rights. The Project would require substantial additional capital, and the proposed transaction remains subject to the completion of due diligence, the negotiation and execution of definitive agreements and the satisfaction of numerous conditions. There can be no assurance that the proposed transaction will be completed on the terms described, or at all.
Following execution of the term sheet, the Company commenced its due diligence review of the proposed transaction.
As a result of such evaluation, the Company’s management determined that continuing to pursue the proposed transaction would not be in the best interests of the Company or its shareholders. Accordingly, on July 22, 2026 the Company has notified Sponsor that it has elected not to proceed with the transaction contemplated by the previously announced term sheet and does not intend to negotiate or execute definitive agreements relating to the proposed project.
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Assignment of Exchange Rights — Adrian Holdings S.R.L.
On June 22, 2026, the Company entered into an Assignment of Exchange Rights, Joinder and Partial Satisfaction of Note Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”) with Adrian Holdings S.R.L. (“Adrian”). Pursuant to the Assignment Agreement, the Company assigned to Adrian, effective immediately prior to and conditioned upon each of the Stage 2 closing and the Stage 3 closing under the SaverOne Exchange Agreement, all of the Company’s right to receive 14,843,945,442 SaverOne ordinary shares (the “Assigned Shares”), which were issued and delivered directly to Adrian (or its designated custodian) such that the Company acted solely as a conduit and at no time held beneficial ownership of the Assigned Shares.
In consideration for the assignment, and effective upon issuance of the Assigned Shares to Adrian at each applicable closing, the outstanding principal amount of the $10,000,000 promissory note previously issued to Adrian in connection with the Asset Purchase Agreement dated January 5, 2026 (the “Adrian Note”) was reduced by an amount equal to 110% of the value of the Assigned Shares, for an aggregate reduction of approximately $1.43 million. The Assignment Agreement did not modify the aggregate number of SaverOne ordinary shares issuable, or the aggregate consideration payable to SaverOne, under the Exchange Agreement.
SaverOne Exchange Agreement — Completion of Stage 2 and Stage 3 Closings
On June 22, 2026, the Company and SaverOne 2014 Ltd. (“SaverOne”) consummated the Stage 2 closing (the Milestone 1 Exchange) and the Stage 3 closing (the Milestone 2 Exchange) under the Exchange Agreement dated January 26, 2026, following the achievement and certification of the applicable milestones and the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Exchange Agreement. On June 24, 2026, as consideration for the Stage 2 and Stage 3 SaverOne shares, the Company issued and delivered to SaverOne an aggregate of 1,310,861 shares of Common Stock (including shares issuable to SaverOne management pursuant to Section 1.7 of the Exchange Agreement), consisting of shares having an aggregate value of approximately $2,743,137 issued at the Stage 2 closing and shares having an aggregate value of approximately $1,513,726 issued at the Stage 3 closing, in each case with the number of shares determined based on the VWAV Average Price as provided in the Exchange Agreement. The VisionWave Shares were issued in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D thereunder.
Although the Stage 3 Closing would otherwise have resulted in VisionWave owning approximately 51% of SaverOne, in connection with the Stage 2 and Stage 3 Closings VisionWave assigned to Adrian Holdings S.R.L. its right to receive 14,843,945,442 of the SaverOne ordinary shares otherwise issuable to it, and those shares were issued directly to Adrian, reducing the outstanding principal amount of the promissory note previously issued to Adrian by approximately $1.43 million. As a result of this assignment and SaverOne utilizing an equity line resulting in further issuances, VisionWave beneficially owns approximately 30.30% of SaverOne’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares. VisionWave does not control SaverOne, does not consolidate SaverOne in its financial statements, and accounts for its investment in SaverOne under the equity method of accounting. The transaction establishes SaverOne as the core operating platform for VisionWave’s radio-frequency (RF) defense and security technologies, supported by a non-exclusive, worldwide license to certain VisionWave RF intellectual property for defense and security applications.
Acquisition Agreement — Meteor Aerospace Ltd.
On June 29, 2026, the Company entered into a binding Acquisition Agreement (the “Meteor Agreement”) with Meteor Aerospace Ltd. (“Meteor”), an Israeli aerospace and defense company, pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire fifty-one percent (51%) of the issued and outstanding share capital of Meteor, subject to the satisfaction of specified closing conditions. Meteor is engaged in the development, manufacturing and commercialization of aerospace and defense technologies, including unmanned aerial systems, unmanned ground systems, unmanned surface vessels, loitering munition systems, electronic warfare technologies, and command, control, communications, cyber and battlefield management systems.
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The Meteor Agreement values Meteor at a pre-money equity valuation of $40.0 million. Subject to the satisfaction of all closing conditions, the Company will acquire its 51% interest for aggregate consideration having a value of approximately $20.4 million, consisting of approximately $6.0 million of unrestricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock and approximately $14.4 million of restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock subject to a six-month lock-up following closing, with the number of shares to be determined based upon the VWAP of the Company’s Common Stock during the five trading days immediately preceding the closing date. Closing is expressly conditioned upon, among other things, the successful completion of a live flight validation of Meteor’s Impact-700 unmanned aerial system and the Company’s satisfactory completion of due diligence. Upon closing, the Company would obtain a controlling interest in Meteor and the right to appoint three of Meteor’s five directors. There can be no assurance that the acquisition will be completed on the terms described, or at all.
Acquisition Agreement — Foresight Autonomous Holdings Ltd.
On June 2, 2026, the Company entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement (the “Foresight Agreement”) with Foresight Autonomous Holdings Ltd. (“Foresight”), pursuant to which the Company intended to acquire, in two stages, newly issued ordinary shares of Foresight representing 52% of Foresight’s issued and outstanding share capital as of the Stage 1 Closing (the Stage 1 Closing Date”).
On July 22, 2026, the Company was notified verbally by Foresight that its shareholders did not approve the transaction with VisionWave. As such, this Company is evaluating its options but, as of the date hereof, the Company does not intend to move forward with the Foresight transaction.
Acquisition Agreement — VisionWave Israel Ltd. (“VW Israel”) to acquire 60% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of VIP Lux Travel Ltd. and PKLST Tourism and Leisure Ltd
On May 12, 2026, VisionWave Israel Ltd. (“VW Israel”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a definitive Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Mr. Ian Paklida (the “Seller”), pursuant to which VW Israel agreed to acquire 60% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of VIP Lux Travel Ltd. and PKLST Tourism and Leisure Ltd., both Israeli corporations (collectively, the “Target Companies”).
The Agreement is definitive; however, the transaction has not yet closed.
Under the terms of the Agreement, the consideration for the acquisition of the Target Companies will be the issuance of shares of common stock of the Company, subject to the satisfaction of various conditions precedent and regulatory approvals.
The Agreement contemplates an aggregate transaction value of up to approximately 15 million NIS, payable in the Company shares valued at approximately USD $3 million. The number of shares to be issued will be 513,752 shares of common stock of the Company representing $6.02 cost per share.
The Agreement includes customary representations, warranties, covenants, indemnification provisions, confidentiality obligations, lock-up restrictions, and closing conditions. Closing remains subject to, among other things:
| ● | completion of legal, financial, and operational due diligence; |
| ● | receipt of all required corporate and regulatory approvals; |
| ● | applicable tax rulings and/or approvals in Israel; |
| ● | execution and delivery of final ancillary closing documents; and |
| ● | satisfaction or waiver of other customary closing conditions. |
Until the closing occurs, there can be no assurance that the acquisition will be consummated on the terms currently contemplated, or at all.
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Distributor Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Stratonex Defence Technologies Ltd
On July 1, 2026, the Company entered into a Distributor Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Stratonex Defence Technologies Ltd., a private company organized under the laws of England and Wales (“Stratonex”).
Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company appointed Stratonex as its strategic commercialization, integration and sovereign delivery partner for the United Kingdom, Europe and other mutually agreed markets. The Agreement establishes a framework pursuant to which Stratonex will identify, develop and manage commercial opportunities for the Company’s technologies, including engagement with government, defense and institutional customers, while supporting systems integration, sovereign deployment and commercialization of the Company’s products within the applicable territories.
The Agreement includes an opportunity registration process pursuant to which Stratonex may register prospective commercial opportunities with the Company. Upon written acceptance by the Company, registered opportunities receive exclusive protection during the applicable registration period, subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement. The Agreement does not grant Stratonex exclusive distribution rights throughout the applicable territories and expressly reserves the Company’s right to appoint additional distributors and market its products through other channels, except with respect to accepted registered opportunities.
The initial term of the Agreement is two (2) years and automatically renews for successive one-year periods unless earlier terminated in accordance with its terms. Either party may terminate the Agreement upon sixty (60) days’ prior written notice or earlier upon specified events of default. The Agreement also contains customary provisions relating to confidentiality, intellectual property ownership, export compliance, warranties, indemnification and limitations of liability.
The Agreement does not obligate Stratonex to purchase any minimum quantity of products, does not establish minimum revenue commitments and does not obligate the Company to accept any purchase order submitted by Stratonex. Product pricing will be established pursuant to quotations issued by the Company from time to time.
Ben Everitt, the founder and a 50% shareholder of Stratonex, also serves as a member of the Company’s Advisory Board pursuant to an Advisory Board Agreement entered into in October 2025. Mr. Everitt serves solely as an independent advisor to the Company’s Board of Directors and is not a director, executive officer or employee of the Company. Mr. Everitt is a former Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and has more than twenty years of experience in government, national security, defense policy and strategic advisory roles, including service on the United Kingdom Parliament’s National Security Bill Committee and participation in the Armed Forces Parliamentary Scheme.
The Company’s Board of Directors reviewed and approved the Agreement after considering the existing advisory relationship between the Company and Mr. Everitt. Mr. Everitt is not a member of the Company’s Board of Directors and did not participate in the Company’s review, negotiation or approval of the Agreement.
Failure to Redeem Public Shares
Pursuant to Bannix Acquisition Corp.’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation in effect from March 10, 2025, through the consummation of the Business Combination, Bannix Acquisition Corp. was required to redeem all remaining public offering shares no later than June 27, 2025 (ten business days after the June 14, 2025 deadline for consummating an initial business combination). Bannix Acquisition Corp. did not redeem the remaining public offering shares as required by its amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the Business Combination was subsequently consummated on July 14, 2025. The failure to redeem the remaining public shares was inconsistent with the disclosures in the prospectus for Bannix Acquisition Corp.’s initial public offering (filed September 14, 2021) and the combined prospectus and proxy statement for the Business Combination, which stated that if an initial business combination was not consummated by the applicable deadline, Bannix Acquisition Corp. would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeem all public shares, and liquidate and dissolve, subject to applicable law.
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Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
We qualify as an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”). As an emerging growth company, we take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
| ● | being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure in this prospectus; |
| ● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“Sarbanes-Oxley”); |
| ● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and |
| ● | exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, if we issue $1 billion or more in non-convertible debt during a three-year period, or if our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion. We would cease to be an emerging growth company on the last day of the fiscal year following the date of the fifth anniversary of our first sale of common equity securities under an effective registration statement or a fiscal year in which we have $1.235 billion in gross revenues. Finally, at any time we may choose to opt-out of the emerging growth company reporting requirements. If we choose to opt out, we will be unable to opt back in to being an emerging growth company.
The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. To the extent that we continue to qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, after we cease to qualify as an emerging growth company, certain of the exemptions available to us as an emerging growth company may continue to be available to us as a smaller reporting company, including (i) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, (ii) scaled executive compensation disclosures, and (iii) the requirement to provide only two years of audited financial statements, instead of three years.
Corporate Information
Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “VWAV” and our public warrants are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “VWAVW”. Our principal executive office is located at 300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210 #301, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, and our telephone number is 302.305.4790. Our operating office is located at 1063 Spaulding Ave., West Hollywood, CA 90046. Our website address is www.VWAV.inc. This website address is not intended to be an active link, and information on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and you should not consider any information on, or that can be accessed from, our website as part of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.
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| Shares of common stock offered by selling stockholders | 10,800,000(1) |
| Shares of common stock outstanding prior to this offering | 27,582,069 Shares as of July 27, 2026 |
| Use of proceeds | We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholder in this offering. We will, however, receive proceeds from any portion of the Warrant that is exercised through the payment of its respective exercise price in cash. For additional information, refer to the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.” |
| Risk factors | An investment in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 22 of this prospectus, the “Risk Factors” section in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports filed on Form 10-Q, and any amendment or update thereto reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference herein, and other information included this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our Common Stock. |
| Nasdaq Global Market symbol | VWAV |
(1) Comprised of: (i) up to 1,800,000 shares issuable to the selling stockholder in connection with the exercise of the warrant; (ii) up to 9,000,000 shares that may be issued to the selling stockholder upon the conversion of the Convertible Debentures. See “July 2026 Private Placement” on page 26 of this prospectus.
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An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. This prospectus contains a discussion of the risks applicable to an investment in our securities. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement or appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should also consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed under Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on December 31, 2025, and any updates described in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, and may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future and any prospectus supplement related to a particular offering. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. The occurrence of any of these known or unknown risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein contain, in addition to historical information, certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act or 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that include information relating to future events, future financial performance, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation and availability of resources. Such forward-looking statements include those that express plans, anticipation, intent, contingency, goals, targets or future development and/or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events and they are subject to risks and uncertainties known and unknown that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements.
These forward-looking statements contain information about our expectations, beliefs or intentions regarding our product development and commercialization efforts, business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies or prospects, and other similar matters. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions about future events, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. These statements may be identified by words such as “expects,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “may,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “should,” “intends,” “estimates,” and other words of similar meaning.
These statements relate to future events or our future operational or financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, in any related prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus.
Any forward-looking statement in this prospectus, in any related prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus reflects our current view with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our business, results of operations, industry and future growth. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. You should read this prospectus, any related prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus and the documents that we reference herein and therein and have filed as exhibits hereto and thereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.
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This prospectus, any related prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus also contain or may contain estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business and the markets for our products, including data regarding the estimated size of those markets and their projected growth rates. We obtained the industry and market data in this prospectus from our own research as well as from industry and general publications, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations and contains projections and estimates of the future performance of the industries in which we operate that are subject to a high degree of uncertainty, including those discussed in “Risk Factors.” We caution you not to give undue weight to such projections, assumptions and estimates. Further, industry and general publications, studies and surveys generally state that they have been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe that these publications, studies and surveys are reliable, we have not independently verified the data contained in them. In addition, while we believe that the results and estimates from our internal research are reliable, such results and estimates have not been verified by any independent source.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements as predictions of future results. Our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
All proceeds from the resale of the Shares of Common Stock offered by this prospectus will belong to the Selling Stockholder. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of the Shares of Common Stock by the Selling Stockholder. We will, however, receive proceeds from any portion of the Warrant that is exercised through the payment of its respective exercise price in cash. We intend to use the proceeds, if any, for general corporate purposes.
The Selling Stockholder will pay any underwriting fees, discounts, selling commissions, stock transfer taxes and certain legal expenses incurred by the Selling Stockholder in disposing of its Shares of Common Stock, and we will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, Nasdaq listing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our independent registered public accountants.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business. As a result, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
The following is a summary of all material characteristics of our capital stock as set forth in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as amended. Copies of these documents are filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.
General
The following description of our capital stock, together with any additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, summarizes the material terms and provisions of our common stock and the preferred stock that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future common stock or preferred stock that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any class or series of these securities in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. For the complete terms of our common stock and preferred stock, please refer to our amended and restated
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certificate of incorporation, as amended
(“Certificate of Incorporation”), and our bylaws that are incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which
this prospectus is a part or may be incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of
these securities may also be affected by Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). The summary below and that contained
in any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus are qualified in their entirety by reference to our Certificate
of Incorporation and our bylaws.
As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized capital stock consisted of 150,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share. We had 27,582,069 shares of Common Stock and no shares of preferred stock outstanding as of July 27, 2026.
Common Stock
Voting rights. Each share of Common Stock will be entitled to one vote per share on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders, unless otherwise required by law or the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting rights. With respect to matters other than the election of directors, at any meeting of the stockholders at which a quorum is present or represented, the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at such meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, except as otherwise required by law. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the Company’s stockholders.
Dividend rights. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then-outstanding preferred stock, holders of Common Stock will be entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Company’s Board out of legally available funds.
Rights upon liquidation. Upon a liquidation event, holders of Common Stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of the Company’s debts and other liabilities and the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any then-outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Other rights. Holders of Common Stock have no preemptive, conversion, subscription or other rights, and there is no redemption provisions applicable to the Common Stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of Common Stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of Preferred Stock that the Company may designate in the future
Transfer Agent. The transfer agent for the Common Stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
Exchange Listing. Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “VWAV”.
Preferred Stock
We are authorized to issue “blank check” preferred stock, which may be issued in one or more series upon authorization of our board of directors. Our board of directors is authorized to fix the designations, powers, preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions of the shares of each series of preferred stock. The authorized shares of our preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. If the approval of our stockholders is not required for the issuance of shares of our preferred stock, our board may determine not to seek stockholder approval. The specific terms of any series of preferred stock offered pursuant to this prospectus will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to that series of preferred stock.
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A series of our preferred stock could, depending on the terms of such series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. Our board of directors will make any determination to issue preferred shares based upon its judgment as to the best interests of our stockholders. Our directors, in so acting, could issue preferred stock having terms that could discourage an acquisition attempt through which an acquirer may be able to change the composition of our board of directors, including a tender offer or other transaction that some, or a majority, of our stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or in which stockholders might receive a premium for their stock over the then-current market price of the stock.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of the Company’s Charter, Bylaws and Applicable Law
The DGCL authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors of corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors’ fiduciary duties, subject to certain exceptions. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation includes a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors for damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director where, in civil proceedings, the person acted in good faith and in a manner that person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company or, in criminal proceedings, where the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that we must indemnify and advance expenses to our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL. We also are expressly authorized to carry directors’ and officers’ liability insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers, and certain employees for some liabilities. We believe that these indemnification and advancement provisions and insurance are useful to attract and retain qualified directors and executive officers.
The limitation of liability, advancement and indemnification provisions in the our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit the Company and its stockholders. In addition, your investment may be adversely affected to the extent the Company pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officer pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment
Under the DGCL, with certain exceptions, the Company’s stockholders will have appraisal rights in connection with a merger or consolidation of the Company. Pursuant to the DGCL, stockholders who properly request and perfect appraisal rights in connection with such merger or consolidation will have the right to receive payment of the fair value of their shares as determined by the Court of Chancery.
Stockholders’ Derivative Actions
Under the DGCL, any of the Company’s stockholders may bring an action in the Company’s name to procure a judgment in the Company’s favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that the stockholder bringing the action is a holder of the Company’s shares at the time of the transaction to which the action relates or such stockholder’s stock thereafter devolved by operation of law.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL. Subject to certain exceptions, Section 203 prevents a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with any “interested stockholder” for three years following the date that the person became an interested stockholder, unless either the interested stockholder attained such status with the approval of our board of directors, the business combination is approved by our board of directors and stockholders in a prescribed manner or the interested stockholder acquired at least 85% of our outstanding voting stock in the transaction in which it became an interested stockholder. A “business combination” includes, among other things, a merger or consolidation involving us and the “interested stockholder” and the sale of more than 10% of our assets. In general, an “interested stockholder” is any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person.
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Securities Purchase Agreement and Convertible Debentures
On July 20, 2026, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with YA II PN, Ltd. (the “Investor”), an investment fund managed by Yorkville Advisors Global, LP, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Investor convertible debentures in the aggregate principal amount of up to $15,000,000 (the “Convertible Debentures”), at a purchase price equal to 85% of the principal amount thereof, in two tranches. The first tranche, in the principal amount of $10,000,000, closed on July 20, 2026 (the “First Closing”). The second tranche, in the principal amount of $5,000,000, will close upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The Company also paid the Investor a non-refundable due diligence fee of $50,000, which was netted from the proceeds of the First Closing. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.
The Convertible Debentures bear interest at a rate of 5.00% per annum (which increases to 18.00% per annum during the continuance of an event of default), calculated on the basis of a 365-day year, and mature on July 20, 2027. Beginning on December 30, 2026, and on the same day of each calendar month thereafter, the Company is required to repay the Convertible Debentures in monthly installments of $1,750,000 of principal, plus a payment premium equal to 2% of the principal amount being paid and accrued and unpaid interest. Installment amounts are payable, at the Company’s option, in cash or by offset against the proceeds of one or more advances under the Company’s Standby Equity Purchase Agreement with the Investor, dated July 25, 2025, as amended (the “SEPA”). While the Convertible Debentures are outstanding, any advances under the SEPA must use the three-day pricing option provided for therein, and payments in excess of the installment amount then due are not subject to the payment premium. The Company may redeem amounts outstanding under the Convertible Debentures prior to maturity at any time upon advance notice by paying the principal amount being redeemed, a redemption premium equal to 5% of such principal amount, and accrued and unpaid interest.
The Convertible Debentures are convertible at the option of the Investor into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a fixed conversion price of $5.00 per share. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the Investor may convert at the lower of such fixed price or a variable price equal to 90% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price of the Common Stock during the ten trading days immediately preceding the conversion date, subject to a floor price of $0.702 per share. The Investor may not convert the Convertible Debentures (or exercise the Warrants described below) to the extent that, after giving effect thereto, the Investor and its affiliates would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock. The Convertible Debentures also may not be converted, and the Warrants may not be exercised, to the extent the shares issuable would exceed the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that the Company may issue under the applicable rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Exchange Cap”), unless the Company’s stockholders approve issuances in excess of the Exchange Cap.
The Securities Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of the Company, including, among other things, covenants that, while the Convertible Debentures are outstanding and subject to specified exceptions, restrict the Company’s ability to enter into variable rate transactions (other than pursuant to the SEPA), incur additional indebtedness or grant liens, effect discounted offerings, and make payments on certain related-party indebtedness. Closing of the transaction was conditioned upon, among other things, the delivery of consent and deferral agreements by the holders of certain outstanding promissory notes issued by the Company.
Warrants
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to the Investor warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to 1,800,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The Warrants are exercisable upon issuance and expire 36 months after the date of issuance. The Warrants are exercisable for cash, provided that if, after the six-month anniversary of the date of the Securities Purchase Agreement, a registration statement covering the resale of the shares underlying the Warrants is not available, the Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis.
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Registration Rights Agreement
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the Investor (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) an initial registration statement covering the resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures and exercise of the Warrants, together with certain additional shares issuable under the SEPA, within 60 days, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective within the deadlines specified therein and to maintain its effectiveness until the registrable securities have been sold or may be sold without restriction under Rule 144.
Global Guaranty Agreement
In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, certain subsidiaries of the Company receiving proceeds of the Convertible Debentures, consisting of VisionWave Technologies, Inc., VisionWave Holdings UK Ltd and Solar Drone Ltd., entered into a Global Guaranty Agreement in favor of the Investor (the “Guaranty”), pursuant to which such subsidiaries, jointly and severally, guaranteed the payment obligations of the Company under the Convertible Debentures and the related transaction documents.
Consent and Deferral Letter Agreements
On July 20, 2026, as a condition to the First Closing, the Company entered into side letter agreements (the “Consent and Deferral Letters”) with each of Dream America Marketing Services, Ltda. (“Dream America”), the holder of a promissory note issued by the Company on April 10, 2026 in the original principal amount of $6,000,000, and Adrian Holdings S.R.L. (“Adrian”), the holder of a promissory note issued by the Company on January 5, 2026 in the original principal amount of $10,000,000. Pursuant to the Consent and Deferral Letters, each of Dream America and Adrian has agreed, until the obligations under the Convertible Debentures have been indefeasibly paid in full, (i) not to demand, request, accept, receive or apply any cash payments from the Company in respect of its promissory note (including payments of principal, interest, fees, default interest, premiums, costs or expenses), with any such payments received to be returned to the Company or held in suspense unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Investor, and (ii) to forbear from exercising its rights and remedies upon the occurrence of any default under its promissory note. Each of Dream America and Adrian has also consented to the Company’s incurrence of the indebtedness under the Convertible Debentures and to the payments required to be made thereunder, whether made in cash or through the issuance and sale of shares of Common Stock and the use of the proceeds of such issuances and sales to repay the Convertible Debentures. Except as set forth in the Consent and Deferral Letters, the terms of such promissory notes remain in full force and effect.
Extension of Maturity of SEPA Promissory Notes
On July 20, 2026, the Investor, as holder of the promissory notes issued by the Company in connection with prepaid advances under the SEPA on July 25, 2025 (in the original principal amount of $3,000,000) and September 11, 2025 (in the original principal amount of $2,000,000) (collectively, the “SEPA Notes”), delivered to the Company written notice of its election, pursuant to the terms of the SEPA Notes, to extend the maturity date of the SEPA Notes to January 25, 2027 (the “Maturity Extension”), which extension the Company acknowledged and agreed.
The foregoing descriptions of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Convertible Debentures, the Warrants, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Guaranty, the Consent and Deferral Letters and the Maturity Extension do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of such documents, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and are incorporated herein by reference.
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The Common Stock being offered by the Selling Stockholder is issuable to the Selling Stockholder upon the conversion of the Convertible Debentures and the exercise of the Warrant. For additional information regarding the issuances of the Convertible Debentures and the Warrant, see “July 2026 Private Placement” above. We are registering the shares of Common Stock in order to permit the Selling Stockholder to offer the shares for resale from time to time.
The table below lists the Selling Stockholder and other information regarding the beneficial ownership of the shares of Common Stock by the Selling Stockholder. The first column lists the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder, based on its ownership of the Convertible Debentures and Warrant, as of July 27, 2026, assuming the conversion of the Convertible Debentures and the exercise of the Warrant held by the Selling Stockholder on that date, without regard to any limitations on exercises. The third column lists the shares of Common Stock being offered by this prospectus by the Selling Stockholder.
In accordance with the terms of a Registration Rights Agreement with the Selling Stockholder, this prospectus generally covers the resale of the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures and the exercise of the Warrant, determined as if the outstanding Convertible Debentures and Warrant were converted or exercised, as applicable, in full as of the trading day immediately preceding the date this registration statement was initially filed with the SEC, each as of the trading day immediately preceding the applicable date of determination and all subject to adjustment as provided in the Registration Rights Agreement, without regard to any limitations on the conversion of the Convertible Debentures or exercise of the Warrant. The fourth column assumes the sale of all of the shares offered by the Selling Stockholder pursuant to this prospectus.
Under the terms of the Convertible Debentures and Warrant, the Selling Stockholder may not convert the Promissory Note or exercise the Warrant, as applicable, to the extent such conversion or exercise would cause the Selling Stockholder, together with its affiliates and attribution parties, to beneficially own a number of shares of Common Stock which would exceed 4.99% of our then outstanding Common Stock following such conversion or such exercise, excluding for purposes of such determination shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Debentures or exercise of the Warrant which have not been converted or exercised, as applicable. The number of shares in the second and fourth columns do not reflect this limitation. The Selling Stockholder may sell all, some or none of their shares in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution.”
| Stockholder(1) | Number of Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned Prior to Offering(2) | Percentage of Common Stock Beneficially Owned Prior to Offering(3)(4) | Maximum Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Sold Pursuant to this Prospectus(5) | Number of Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned After Offering(3) | Percentage of Common Stock Beneficially Owned After Offering(4) | |||||||||||||
| YA II PN, LTD.(6) | 1,448,632 | 4.99 | % | 10,800,000 | — | — | % | |||||||||||
| (1) | Information concerning the named Selling Stockholder or future transferees, pledgees, assignees, distributees, donees or successors-in-interest of or from any such stockholder or others who later hold the Selling Stockholder’s interests will be set forth in supplements to this prospectus, absent circumstances indicating that the change is material. In addition, post-effective amendments to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part will be filed to disclose any material changes to the plan of distribution from the description in the final prospectus. |
| (2) | Includes shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant, conversion of the Convertible Debentures and conversion of other convertible promissory notes held by the Selling Shareholder. |
| (3) | Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, securities that are currently convertible or exercisable into shares of our Common Stock, or convertible or exercisable into shares of our Common Stock within 60 days of July 27, 2026, are deemed outstanding. Such shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Amounts reported in the fifth column assumes that the Selling Stockholder will sell all of the Shares offered pursuant to this prospectus. |
| (4) | Based on 27,582,069 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of July 27, 2026. The Selling Stockholder may not convert the Convertible Debentures exercise the Warrant or convert any other convertible promissory notes, as applicable, to the extent such conversion or exercise would cause the Selling Stockholder, together with its affiliates and attribution parties, to beneficially own a number of shares of Common Stock which would exceed 4.99% of our then outstanding Common Stock following such conversion or such exercise. |
| (5) | Includes the maximum number of Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant and conversion of the Convertible Debentures, which Shares are being registered by the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. |
| (6) | Investment decisions for YA II PN, Ltd. are made by Mr. Mark Angelo. The business address of YA II PN, Ltd. is 1012 Springfield Avenue, Mountainside, NJ 07092. |
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The Selling Stockholder and any of its pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of its securities covered hereby on Nasdaq or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. The Selling Stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:
| ● | ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers; |
| ● | block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; |
| ● | purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; |
| ● | an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; |
| ● | privately negotiated transactions; |
| ● | settlement of short sales; |
| ● | in transactions through broker-dealers that agree with the Selling Stockholder to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated price per security; |
| ● | through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise; |
| ● | a combination of any such methods of sale; or |
| ● | any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. |
The Selling Stockholder may also sell securities under Rule 144 or any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.
Broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Stockholder may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Stockholder (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121.
In connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the Selling Stockholder may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Stockholder may also sell securities short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The Selling Stockholder may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).
Any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. The Selling Stockholder has informed the Company that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities.
The Company is required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the Company incident to the registration of the securities. The Company has agreed to indemnify the Selling Stockholder against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
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We agreed to keep this prospectus effective until the earlier of (i) the date on which the securities may be resold by the Selling Stockholder without registration and without regard to any volume or manner-of-sale limitations by reason of Rule 144, without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect or (ii) all of the securities have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect. The resale securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.
Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale securities may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the Common Stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M, prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the Selling Stockholder will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of the Common Stock by the Selling Stockholder or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the Selling Stockholder and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of this prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
The validity of the issuance of the shares of common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP, New York, NY.
The consolidated financial statements of VisionWave Holdings, Inc. as of September 30, 2025 and for the period from March 20, 2024 (date of inception) through September 30, 2024, included in the Registration Statement, which is referred to and made a part of this Registration statement, have been audited by RBSM LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report which is incorporated herein by reference, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
This prospectus constitutes a part of the registration statement on Form S-3 that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act. As permitted by the SEC’s rules, this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, which forms a part of the registration statement, do not contain all of the information that is included in the registration statement. You will find additional information about us in the registration statement. Any statement made in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement concerning legal documents are not necessarily complete and you should read the documents that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement or otherwise filed with the SEC for a more complete understanding of the document or matter.
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You can read our SEC filings, including the registration statement, over the internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website at www.VWAV.inc, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.
You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at its public reference facilities at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. You may also obtain copies of these documents at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities. You may also request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at: 300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210 #301, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, and our telephone number is 302.305.4790.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
This prospectus is part of the registration statement, but the registration statement includes and incorporates by reference additional information and exhibits. The SEC permits us to “incorporate by reference” the information contained in documents we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents rather than by including them in this prospectus. Information that is incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and you should read it with the same care that you read this prospectus and any subsequent prospectus supplement. Information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information that is either contained, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus, and will be considered to be a part of this prospectus from the date those documents are filed.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below, all filings filed by us pursuant to the Exchange Act after the date of the registration statement of which this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus forms a part, and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the time that all securities covered by this prospectus have been sold; provided, however, that we are not incorporating any information furnished under either Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K:
| (1) | the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, filed with the Commission on December 31, 2025; |
| (2) | The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2026, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2026. |
| (3) | The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended December 31, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2026. |
| (4) | The Company’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on October 9, 2025, November 5, 2025, November 12, 2025, November 18, 2025, November 26, 2025, December 4, 2025, December 10, 2025, December 17, 2025, December 30, 2025, January 7, 2026, January 7, 2026, January 12, 2026, January 23, 2026, January 23, 2026, January 26, 2026, February 2, 2026, February 6, 2026, February 10, 2026, February 17, 2026, February 23, 2026, February 25, 2026, February 27, 2026, March 9, 2026, March 11, 2026, March 16, 2026, March 17, 2026, March 17, 2026, march 18, 2026, March 19, 2026, March 24, 2026, April 2, 2026, April 13, 2026, April 20, 2026, April 23, 2026, May 4, 2026, May 11, 2026, May 15, 2026, May 21, 2026, June 2, 2026, June 4, 2026, June 12, 2026, June 17, 2026, June 25, 2026, June 30, 2026, July 2, 2026, July 21, 2026, July 24, 2026 and July 30, 2026 (other than any portions thereof deemed furnished and not filed); and |
| (5) | The description of the Common Stock contained in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the Commission on July 10, 2025 (File No. 001-42741) pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description. |
Any statements made in a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus are deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document, which is also incorporated by reference, modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement made in this prospectus is deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent a statement in any subsequently filed document, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
The information relating to us contained in this prospectus should be read together with the information in the documents incorporated by reference. In addition, certain information, including financial information, contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus should be read in conjunction with documents we have filed with the SEC.
We will provide to each person, including any beneficial holder, to whom a prospectus is delivered, at no cost, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in the prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus. Requests for documents should be by writing to or telephoning us at the following address: Visionwave Holdings, Inc., 300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210 #301, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, Attention: Investor Relations. Exhibits to these filings will not be sent unless those exhibits have been specifically incorporated by reference in such filings.
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth an estimate of the fees and expenses relating to the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered hereby, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, all of which shall be borne by the registrant.
All of such fees and expenses are estimated:
| Amount | ||||
| SEC registration fee | $ | 16,559.59 | ||
| FINRA filing fee | * | |||
| Accounting fees and expenses | * | |||
| Legal fees and expenses | * | |||
| Miscellaneous fees and expenses | * | |||
| Total expenses | $ | * | ||
| * | These fees and expenses depend on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. |
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”) provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any persons who were, are, or are threatened to be made, parties to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of such corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as an officer, director, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, provided that such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was illegal. A Delaware corporation may indemnify any persons who were, are, or are threatened to be made, a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests except that no indemnification is permitted without judicial approval if the officer or director is adjudged to be liable to the corporation. Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action referred to above, the corporation must indemnify him or her against the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law, a director shall not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. Our bylaws provide that we shall indemnify and hold harmless our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, except that we will not be required to indemnify or hold harmless any director or officer in connection with any proceeding initiated by such person unless the proceeding was authorized by our board of directors. Under our bylaws, such rights shall not be exclusive of any other rights acquired by directors and officers, including by agreement. The company has entered into Indemnification Agreements with all current and certain former directors and officers substantially in the form previously disclosed in exhibits to the Company’s quarterly and annual reports.
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Our amended and restated bylaws provide that we will pay expenses to any director or officer prior to the final disposition of the proceeding, provided, however, that such advancements shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by such director or officer to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined that such director or officer is not entitled to indemnification under the bylaws of or otherwise.
Section 174 of the DGCL provides, among other things, that a director who willfully or negligently approves of an unlawful payment of dividends or an unlawful stock purchase or redemption may be held liable for such actions. A director who was either absent when the unlawful actions were approved, or dissented at the time, may avoid liability by causing his or her dissent to such actions to be entered in the books containing minutes of the meetings of the board of directors at the time such action occurred or immediately after such absent director receives notice of the unlawful acts.
We have obtained Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance that covers certain liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
The above provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. The provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. We believe that these certificate of incorporation provisions, bylaw provisions, indemnification agreements and the insurance are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.
At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors or officers where indemnification will be required or permitted. We are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceedings that might result in a claim for such indemnification.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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Item 16. Exhibits.
| * | To the extent applicable, to be filed by an amendment or as an exhibit to a document filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated by reference herein. | |
| ** | Filed herewith. |
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Item 17. Undertakings.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(a)(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
| i. | to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”); |
| ii. | to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Filing Fee Tables” or “Calculation of Registration Fee” table, as applicable, in the effective registration statement; and |
| iii. | to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in this registration statement; |
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of this registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(A) each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
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(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:
the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
| i. | any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
| ii. | any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant; |
| iii. | the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and |
| iv. | any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser. |
(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act:
| i. | the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and |
| ii. | each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
(b) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in this registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
(d) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions described herein, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
36
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Wilmington, State of Delaware, on August 3, 2026.
| VISIONWAVE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Douglas Davis | |
| Douglas Davis | ||
| Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Douglas Davis, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any or all amendments (including, without limitation, post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, any related registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any or all pre- or post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or any substitute or substitutes for him, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| SIGNATURE | TITLE | DATE | ||
| /s/ Douglas Davis | Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Douglas Davis | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Erik Klinger | Chief Financial Officer | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Erik Klinger | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Eric Shuss | Chief Operating Officer and Director | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Eric Shuss | ||||
| /s/ Danny Rittman | Chief Technology Officer | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Danny Rittman | ||||
| /s/ Chuck Hansen | Lead Independent Director | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Chuck Hansen | ||||
| /s/ Haggai Ravid | Director | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Haggai Ravid | ||||
| /s/ Judit Nagypal | Director | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Judit Nagypal | ||||
| /s/ Atara Dzikowski | Director | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Atara Dzikowski | ||||
| /s/ Mansour Khatib | Director | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Mansour Khatib | ||||
| /s/ Daniel Ollech | Director | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Daniel Ollech | ||||
| /s/ Shayna Quinn | Director | August 3, 2026 | ||
| Shayna Quinn |
37
Exhibit 4.6
VISIONWAVE HOLDINGS, INC.,
ISSUER
AND
[TRUSTEE],
TRUSTEE
INDENTURE
DATED AS OF , 20__
SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||
| ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS | 4 | |
| Section 1.1 | Definitions of Terms | 4 |
| ARTICLE II ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES | 7 | |
| Section 2.1 | Designation and Terms of Securities | 7 |
| Section 2.2 | Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate | 8 |
| Section 2.3 | Denominations: Provisions for Payment | 9 |
| Section 2.4 | Execution and Authentications | 10 |
| Section 2.5 | Registration of Transfer and Exchange | 10 |
| Section 2.6 | Temporary Securities | 11 |
| Section 2.7 | Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities | 11 |
| Section 2.8 | Cancellation | 12 |
| Section 2.9 | Benefits of Indenture | 12 |
| Section 2.10 | Authenticating Agent | 12 |
| Section 2.11 | Global Securities | 13 |
| ARTICLE III REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS | 13 | |
| Section 3.1 | Redemption | 13 |
| Section 3.2 | Notice of Redemption | 13 |
| Section 3.3 | Payment Upon Redemption | 14 |
| Section 3.4 | Sinking Fund | 15 |
| Section 3.5 | Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities | 15 |
| Section 3.6 | Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund | 15 |
| ARTICLE IV COVENANTS | 15 | |
| Section 4.1 | Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest | 15 |
| Section 4.2 | Maintenance of Office or Agency | 16 |
| Section 4.3 | Paying Agents | 16 |
| Section 4.4 | Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee | 16 |
| Section 4.5 | Compliance with Consolidation Provisions | 17 |
| ARTICLE V SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE | 17 | |
| Section 5.1 | Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders | 17 |
| Section 5.2 | Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders | 17 |
| Section 5.3 | Reports by the Company | 17 |
| Section 5.4 | Reports by the Trustee | 17 |
| ARTICLE VI REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT | 18 | |
| Section 6.1 | Events of Default | 18 |
| Section 6.2 | Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee | 19 |
| Section 6.3 | Application of Moneys Collected | 20 |
| Section 6.4 | Limitation on Suits | 20 |
| Section 6.5 | Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver | 21 |
| Section 6.6 | Control by Securityholders | 21 |
| Section 6.7 | Undertaking to Pay Costs | 21 |
| ARTICLE VII CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE | 22 | |
| Section 7.1 | Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee | 22 |
| Section 7.2 | Certain Rights of Trustee | 22 |
| Section 7.3 | Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities | 23 |
| Section 7.4 | May Hold Securities | 24 |
| Section 7.5 | Moneys Held in Trust | 24 |
| Section 7.6 | Compensation and Reimbursement | 24 |
| Section 7.7 | Reliance on Officer’s Certificate | 24 |
| Section 7.8 | Disqualification; Conflicting Interests | 24 |
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| Section 7.9 | Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility | 25 |
| Section 7.10 | Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor | 25 |
| Section 7.11 | Acceptance of Appointment By Successor | 26 |
| Section 7.12 | Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business | 27 |
| Section 7.13 | Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company | 27 |
| Section 7.14 | Notice of Default | 27 |
| ARTICLE VIII CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS | 27 | |
| Section 8.1 | Evidence of Action by Securityholders | 27 |
| Section 8.2 | Proof of Execution by Securityholders | 28 |
| Section 8.3 | Who May be Deemed Owners | 28 |
| Section 8.4 | Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded | 28 |
| Section 8.5 | Actions Binding on Future Securityholders | 28 |
| ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES | 29 | |
| Section 9.1 | Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders | 29 |
| Section 9.2 | Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders | 29 |
| Section 9.3 | Effect of Supplemental Indentures | 30 |
| Section 9.4 | Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures | 30 |
| Section 9.5 | Execution of Supplemental Indentures | 30 |
| ARTICLE X SUCCESSOR ENTITY | 31 | |
| Section 10.1 | Company May Consolidate, Etc | 31 |
| Section 10.2 | Successor Entity Substituted | 31 |
| Section 10.3 | Evidence of Consolidation, Etc | 31 |
| ARTICLE XI SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE | 32 | |
| Section 11.1 | Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture | 32 |
| Section 11.2 | Discharge of Obligations | 32 |
| Section 11.3 | Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust | 32 |
| Section 11.4 | Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents | 32 |
| Section 11.5 | Repayment to Company | 33 |
| ARTICLE XII IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS | 33 | |
| Section 12.1 | No Recourse | 33 |
| ARTICLE XIII MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS | 33 | |
| Section 13.1 | Effect on Successors and Assigns | 33 |
| Section 13.2 | Actions by Successor | 33 |
| Section 13.3 | Surrender of Company Powers | 33 |
| Section 13.4 | Notices | 34 |
| Section 13.5 | Governing Law | 34 |
| Section 13.6 | Treatment of Securities as Debt | 34 |
| Section 13.7 | Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent | 34 |
| Section 13.8 | Payments on Business Days | 34 |
| Section 13.9 | Conflict with Trust Indenture Act | 34 |
| Section 13.10 | Counterparts | 35 |
| Section 13.11 | Separability | 35 |
| Section 13.12 | Compliance Certificates | 35 |
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INDENTURE
INDENTURE, dated as of [●], among VisionWave Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and [TRUSTEE], as trustee (the “Trustee”):
WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of debt securities (hereinafter referred to as the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of the Trustee;
WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture; and
WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1 Definitions of Terms.
The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this instrument.
“Authenticating Agent” means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.
“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.
“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.
“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.
“Business Day” means, with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated by law, executive order or regulation to close.
“Certificate” means a certificate signed by any Officer. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.07.
“Company” means VisionWave Holdings, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject to the provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.
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“Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which office at the date hereof is located at .
“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
“Default” means any event, act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.
“Defaulted Interest” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.03.
“Depositary” means, with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.
“Event of Default” means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time, if any, therein designated.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Global Security” means, with respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.
“Governmental Obligations” means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof at any time prior to the stated maturity of the Securities, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.
“herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.
“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.
“Interest Payment Date”, when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.
“Officer” means, with respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial officer, a chief operating officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or any assistant treasurer, the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.
“Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate signed by any Officer. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
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“Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
“Outstanding”, when used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as provided in Article Three, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.07.
“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated organization, any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.
“Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.
“Responsible Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee means the chairman of its board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president, any vice president, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust officer or any other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.
“Securities” means the debt Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
“Securityholder”, “holder of Securities”, “registered holder”, or other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.
“Security Register” and “Security Registrar” shall have the meanings as set forth in Section 2.05.
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time be owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.
“Trustee” means , and, subject to the provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person. The term “Trustee” as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.
“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
“Voting Stock”, as applied to stock of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however designated) in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other than shares, interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency.
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ARTICLE II
ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION
AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES
Section 2.1 Designation and Terms of Securities.
(a) The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:
(i) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);
(ii) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that series);
(iii) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to the Securities of that series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;
(iv) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any;
(v) the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;
(vi) the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;
(vii) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;
(viii) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption, or analogous provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
(ix) the form of the Securities of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;
(x) if other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the series shall be issuable;
(xi) any and all other terms (including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series;
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(xii) whether the Securities are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;
(xiii) whether the Securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities of the Company or any other Person and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company’s option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;
(xiv) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.01;
(xv) any additional or different Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on the Company’s ability or the ability of the Company’s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional securities; create liens; pay dividends or make distributions in respect of the capital stock of the Company or the Company’s Subsidiaries; redeem capital stock; place restrictions on the Company’s Subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments or other restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into sale- leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with stockholders or affiliates; issue or sell stock of the Company’s Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial covenants (which may include, among other financial covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios) provided for with respect to the Securities of the series;
(xvi) if other than dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to, foreign currency);
(xvii) the terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes; and
(xviii) any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series.
All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental hereto.
If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officer’s Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.
Securities of any particular series may be issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable and with different redemption dates.
Section 2.2 Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate.
The Securities of any series and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, and they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.
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Section 2.3 Denominations: Provisions for Payment.
The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section 2.01(a)(10).
The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series. Subject to Section 2.01(a)(16), the principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose.
Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.
The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.03.
Any interest on any Security that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:
(i) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date.
(ii) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.
Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the term “regular record date” as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the first day of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.
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Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.
Section 2.4 Execution and Authentications.
The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.
The Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who shall have been an Officer, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The Securities may contain such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee.
A Security shall not be valid until authenticated manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.
In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, if requested, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.
The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.
Section 2.5 Registration of Transfer and Exchange.
(a) Securities of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.
(b) The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose a register or registers (herein referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed as authorized by Board Resolution (the “Security Registrar”).
Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.
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All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the registered holder or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney in writing.
(c) Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06, Section 3.03(b) and Section 9.04 not involving any transfer.
(d) The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part. The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.
Section 2.6 Temporary Securities.
Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.
Section 2.7 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.
In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company’s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant’s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
In case any Security that has matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.
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Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.
Section 2.8 Cancellation.
All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
Section 2.9 Benefits of Indenture.
Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the holders of the Securities.
Section 2.10 Authenticating Agent.
So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.
Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.
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Section 2.11 Global Securities.
(a) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: “Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.”
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.
(c) If at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary or from the Trustee, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series. In such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer’s Certificate evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.
ARTICLE III
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS
Section 3.1 Redemption.
The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.
Section 3.2 Notice of Redemption.
(a) In case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction.
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Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is from a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.
In case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.
(b) If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days’ notice (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.
Section 3.3 Payment Upon Redemption.
(a) If the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.03).
(b) Upon presentation of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.
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Section 3.4 Sinking Fund.
The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06 shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01 for Securities of such series.
The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.
Section 3.5 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.
The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.
Section 3.6 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.
Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officer’s Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.03.
ARTICLE IV
COVENANTS
Section 4.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.
The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn on and mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of U.S. $2,000,000 and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date). Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of U.S. $2,000,000 and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions in writing to the Security Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date.
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Section 4.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency.
So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency with respect to each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02, where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officer’s Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands. The Company initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.
Section 4.3 Paying Agents.
(a) If the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section:
(i) that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto;
(ii) that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;
(iii) that it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and
(iv) that it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.
(b) If the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.
(c) Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.
Section 4.4 Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee.
The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.
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Section 4.5 Compliance with Consolidation Provisions.
The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such transaction, or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article Ten hereof are complied with.
ARTICLE V
SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE
Section 5.1 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders.
The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a) within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.
Section 5.2 Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders.
(a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).
(b) The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.
(c) Securityholders may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
Section 5.3 Reports by the Company.
The Company covenants and agrees to provide (which delivery may be via electronic mail) to the Trustee, after the Company files the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not be required to deliver to the Trustee any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the Securities and Exchange Commission; and provided further, so long as such filings by the Company are available on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR), such filings shall be deemed to have been filed with the Trustee for purposes of this Section 5.03 without any further action required by the Company.
Section 5.4 Reports by the Trustee.
(a) If required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee, within sixty (60) days after each May 1, shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register, a brief report dated as of such May 1, which complies with Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.
(b) The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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(c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.
ARTICLE VI
REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT
Section 6.1 Events of Default.
(a) Whenever used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, “Event of Default” means any one or more of the following events that has occurred and is continuing:
(i) the Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;
(ii) the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any;
(iii) the Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time Outstanding;
(iv) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or
(v) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.
(b) In each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.
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(c) At any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06.
No such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.
(d) In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.
Section 6.2 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
(a) The Company covenants that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 days, or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.
(b) If the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.
(c) In case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.
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(d) All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.
In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.
Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.
Section 6.3 Application of Moneys Collected.
Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
FIRST: To the payment of reasonable costs and expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;
SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and
THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.
Section 6.4 Limitation on Suits.
No holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby; (iv) the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.
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Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.
Section 6.5 Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.
(b) No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.
Section 6.6 Control by Securityholders.
The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee’s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.01 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.
Section 6.7 Undertaking to Pay Costs.
All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any Securities by such holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this Indenture.
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ARTICLE VII
CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE
Section 7.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee.
(a) The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.
(b) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:
(1) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred: (A) the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and (B) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;
(2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;
(3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and
(4) none of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
Section 7.2 Certain Rights of Trustee.
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:
(a) The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;
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(b) Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument signed in the name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein);
(c) The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or, if requested, any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;
(d) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;
(e) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;
(f) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand; and
(g) The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder.
In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default except (1) any Event of Default occurring pursuant to Sections 6.01(a)(1) and 6.01(a)(2) or (2) any Default or Event of Default of which the Trustee shall have received written notification in the manner set forth in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have obtained actual knowledge. Delivery of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under Section 5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information and the Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable from information contained therein including the Company’s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on an Officer’s Certificate).
Section 7.3 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities.
(a) The recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same.
(b) The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.
(c) The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the Trustee.
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Section 7.4 May Hold Securities.
The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.
Section 7.5 Moneys Held in Trust.
Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.
Section 7.6 Compensation and Reimbursement.
(a) The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee may from time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises.
(b) The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder. Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities.
Section 7.7 Reliance on Officer’s Certificate.
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.
Section 7.8 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.
If the Trustee has or shall acquire any “conflicting interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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Section 7.9 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.
There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.
If such corporation or other Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor may any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.
Section 7.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.
(a) The Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.
(b) In case at any time any one of the following shall occur:
(1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or
(2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or
(3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.
(c) The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the Company.
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(d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.
(e) Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.
Section 7.11 Acceptance of Appointment By Successor.
(a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.
(b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.
(c) Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.
(d) No successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.
(e) Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.
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Section 7.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.
Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, including the administration of the trust created by this Indenture, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the provisions of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.
Section 7.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company.
The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.
Section 7.14 Notice of Default
If any Default or any Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Default or Event of Default within the earlier of 90 days after it occurs and 30 days after it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee or written notice of it is received by the Trustee, unless such Default or Event of Default has been cured; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders.
ARTICLE VIII
CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS
Section 8.1 Evidence of Action by Securityholders.
Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.
If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officer’s Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.
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Section 8.2 Proof of Execution by Securityholders.
Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:
(a) The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.
(b) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.
The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.
Section 8.3 Who May be Deemed Owners.
Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
Section 8.4 Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.
In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.
Section 8.5 Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.
At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.
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ARTICLE IX
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
Section 9.1 Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders.
In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:
(a) to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;
(b) to comply with Article Ten;
(c) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;
(d) to add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;
(e) to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;
(f) to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;
(g) to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.01, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;
(h) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or
(i) to comply with any requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.
The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.
Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.02.
Section 9.2 Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.
With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.01 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture.
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It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.
Section 9.3 Effect of Supplemental Indentures.
Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.
Section 9.4 Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.
Securities of any series affected by a supplemental indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.
Section 9.5 Execution of Supplemental Indentures.
Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may receive an Officer’s Certificate or, if requested, an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the execution thereof; provided, however, that such Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.
Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.
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ARTICLE X
SUCCESSOR ENTITY
Section 10.1 Company May Consolidate, Etc.
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, nothing contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, (a) the Company hereby covenants and agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant to Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have acquired such property and (b) in the event that the Securities of any series then Outstanding are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company, such entity shall, by such supplemental indenture, make provision so that the Securityholders of Securities of that series shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange of such Securities the number of securities or property to which a holder of the number of shares of common stock or other securities of the Company deliverable upon conversion or exchange of those Securities would have been entitled had such conversion or exchange occurred immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition.
Section 10.2 Successor Entity Substituted.
(a) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth under Section 10.01 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.
(b) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.
(c) Nothing contained in this Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).
Section 10.3 Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.
The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may receive an Officer’s Certificate and, if requested, an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.
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ARTICLE XI
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
Section 11.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.
If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.05); or (b) all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall survive to such date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.
Section 11.2 Discharge of Obligations.
If at any time all such Securities of a particular series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section 11.01 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05 hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.
Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.
Section 11.3 Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.
All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.
Section 11.4 Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.
In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.
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Section 11.5 Repayment to Company.
Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company’s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.
ARTICLE XII
IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Section 12.1 No Recourse.
No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.
ARTICLE XIII
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 13.1 Effect on Successors and Assigns.
All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.
Section 13.2 Actions by Successor .
Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the lawful successor of the Company.
Section 13.3 Surrender of Company Powers.
The Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.
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Section 13.4 Notices.
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the Trustee or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee), as follows:
Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.
Section 13.5 Governing Law.
This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
Section 13.6 Treatment of Securities as Debt.
It is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this intention.
Section 13.7 Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent.
(a) Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture (other than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.12) relating to the proposed action have been complied with and, if requested, an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.
(b) Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant in this Indenture shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
Section 13.8 Payments on Business Days.
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period after such nominal date.
Section 13.9 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.
If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control.
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Section 13.10 Counterparts.
This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
Section 13.11 Separability.
In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein or therein.
Section 13.12 Compliance Certificates.
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, an officer’s certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate shall contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company’s performance under this Indenture and that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 13.12, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If the officer of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such Default or Event of Default and its status.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.
| VISIONWAVE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| [TRUSTEE], as Trustee | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
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Exhibit 4.7
VISIONWAVE HOLDINGS, INC.,
ISSUER
AND
[TRUSTEE],
TRUSTEE
INDENTURE
DATED AS OF , 20_
_
SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |
| ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS | 4 |
| Section 1.01 Definitions of Terms | 4 |
| ARTICLE 2 ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES | 7 |
| Section 2.01 Designation and Terms of Securities | 7 |
| Section 2.02 Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate | 8 |
| Section 2.03 Denominations: Provisions for Payment | 9 |
| Section 2.04 Execution and Authentications | 10 |
| Section 2.05 Registration of Transfer and Exchange | 10 |
| Section 2.06 Temporary Securities | 11 |
| Section 2.07 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities | 11 |
| Section 2.08 Cancellation | 12 |
| Section 2.09 Benefits of Indenture | 12 |
| Section 2.10 Authenticating Agent | 12 |
| Section 2.11 Global Securities | 13 |
| ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS | 13 |
| Section 3.01 Redemption | 13 |
| Section 3.02 Notice of Redemption | 13 |
| Section 3.03 Payment Upon Redemption | 14 |
| Section 3.04 Sinking Fund | 15 |
| Section 3.05 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities | 15 |
| Section 3.06 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund | 15 |
| ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS | 15 |
| Section 4.01 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest | 15 |
| Section 4.02 Maintenance of Office or Agency | 16 |
| Section 4.03 Paying Agents | 16 |
| Section 4.04 Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee | 16 |
| Section 4.05 Compliance with Consolidation Provisions | 17 |
| ARTICLE 5 SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE | 17 |
| Section 5.01 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders | 17 |
| Section 5.02 Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders | 17 |
| Section 5.03 Reports by the Company | 17 |
| Section 5.04 Reports by the Trustee | 17 |
| ARTICLE 6 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT | 18 |
| Section 6.01 Events of Default | 18 |
| Section 6.02 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee | 19 |
| Section 6.03 Application of Moneys Collected | 20 |
| Section 6.04 Limitation on Suits | 20 |
| Section 6.05 Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver | 21 |
| Section 6.06 Control by Securityholders | 21 |
| Section 6.07 Undertaking to Pay Costs | 22 |
| ARTICLE 7 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE | 22 |
| Section 7.01 Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee | 22 |
| Section 7.02 Certain Rights of Trustee | 23 |
| Section 7.03 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities | 23 |
| Section 7.04 May Hold Securities | 24 |
| Section 7.05 Moneys Held in Trust | 24 |
| Section 7.06 Compensation and Reimbursement | 24 |
| Section 7.07 Reliance on Officer’s Certificate | 24 |
| Section 7.08 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests | 24 |
| Section 7.09 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility | 25 |
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| Section 7.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor | 25 |
| Section 7.11 Acceptance of Appointment By Successor | 26 |
| Section 7.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business | 27 |
| Section 7.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company | 27 |
| Section 7.14 Notice of Default | 27 |
| ARTICLE 8 CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS | 27 |
| Section 8.01 Evidence of Action by Securityholders | 27 |
| Section 8.02 Proof of Execution by Securityholders | 28 |
| Section 8.03 Who May be Deemed Owners | 28 |
| Section 8.04 Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded | 28 |
| Section 8.05 Actions Binding on Future Securityholders | 28 |
| ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES | 29 |
| Section 9.01 Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders | 29 |
| Section 9.02 Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders | 29 |
| Section 9.03 Effect of Supplemental Indentures | 30 |
| Section 9.04 Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures | 30 |
| Section 9.05 Execution of Supplemental Indentures | 30 |
| ARTICLE 10 SUCCESSOR ENTITY | 31 |
| Section 10.01 Company May Consolidate, Etc | 31 |
| Section 10.02 Successor Entity Substituted | 31 |
| Section 10.03 Evidence of Consolidation, Etc | 31 |
| ARTICLE 11 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE | 32 |
| Section 11.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture | 32 |
| Section 11.02 Discharge of Obligations | 32 |
| Section 11.03 Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust | 32 |
| Section 11.04 Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents | 32 |
| Section 11.05 Repayment to Company | 33 |
| ARTICLE 12 IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS | 33 |
| Section 12.01 No Recourse | 33 |
| ARTICLE 13 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS | 33 |
| Section 13.01 Effect on Successors and Assigns | 33 |
| Section 13.02 Actions by Successor | 33 |
| Section 13.03 Surrender of Company Powers | 33 |
| Section 13.04 Notices | 34 |
| Section 13.05 Governing Law | 34 |
| Section 13.06 Treatment of Securities as Debt | 34 |
| Section 13.07 Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent | 34 |
| Section 13.08 Payments on Business Days | 34 |
| Section 13.09 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act | 34 |
| Section 13.10 Counterparts | 35 |
| Section 13.11 Separability | 35 |
| Section 13.12 Compliance Certificates | 35 |
| ARTICLE 14 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES | 35 |
| Section 14.01 Subordination Terms | 35 |
| (1) | This Table of Contents does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions. |
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INDENTURE
INDENTURE , dated as of [ ● ], among VisionWave Holdings, Inc. , a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and [ TRUSTEE ], as trustee (the “Trustee”):
WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of subordinated debt securities (hereinafter referred to as the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of the Trustee;
WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture; and
WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:
ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.01 Definitions of Terms .
The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this instrument.
“Authenticating Agent” means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.
“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.
“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.
“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.
“Business Day” means, with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated by law, executive order or regulation to close.
“Certificate” means a certificate signed by any Officer. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.07.
“Company” means VisionWave Holdings, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject to the provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.
“Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which office at the date hereof is located at .
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“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
“Default” means any event, act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.
“Defaulted Interest” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.03.
“Depositary” means, with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.
“Event of Default” means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time, if any, therein designated.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Global Security” means, with respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.
“Governmental Obligations” means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof at any time prior to the stated maturity of the Securities, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.
“herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.
“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.
“Interest Payment Date”, when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.
“Officer” means, with respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial officer, a chief operating officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or any assistant treasurer, the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.
“Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate signed by any Officer. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
“Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
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“Outstanding”, when used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as provided in Article Three, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.07.
“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated organization, any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.
“Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.
“Responsible Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee means the chairman of its board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president, any vice president, the secretary, the treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust officer or any other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.
“Securities” means the debt Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
“Securityholder”, “holder of Securities”, “registered holder”, or other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.
“Security Register” and “Security Registrar” shall have the meanings as set forth in Section 2.05.
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time be owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.
“Trustee” means , and, subject to the provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person. The term “Trustee” as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.
“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
“Voting Stock”, as applied to stock of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however designated) in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other than shares, interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency.
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ARTICLE 2
ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND
EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES
Section 2.01 Designation and Terms of Securities .
(a) The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:
(1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);
(2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that series);
(3) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to the Securities of that series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;
(4) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any;
(5) the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;
(6) the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;
(7) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;
(8) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption, or analogous provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
(9) the form of the Securities of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;
(10) if other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the series shall be issuable;
(11) any and all other terms (including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series;
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(12) whether the Securities are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;
(13) whether the Securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities of the Company or any other Person and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company’s option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;
(14) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.01;
(15) any additional or different Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on the Company’s ability or the ability of the Company’s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional securities; create liens; pay dividends or make distributions in respect of the capital stock of the Company or the Company’s Subsidiaries; redeem capital stock; place restrictions on the Company’s Subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments or other restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with stockholders or affiliates; issue or sell stock of the Company’s Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial covenants (which may include, among other financial covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios) provided for with respect to the Securities of the series;
(16) if other than dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to, foreign currency);
(17) the terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes;
(18) any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series; and
(19) the subordination terms of the Securities of the series.
All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental hereto.
If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officer’s Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.
Securities of any particular series may be issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable and with different redemption dates.
Section 2.02 Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate .
The Securities of any series and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, and they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.
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Section 2.03 Denominations: Provisions for Payment .
The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section 2.01(a)(10). The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series. Subject to Section 2.01(a)(16), the principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.
The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.03.
Any interest on any Security that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:
(1) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date.
(2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.
Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the term “regular record date” as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the first day of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.
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Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.
Section 2.04 Execution and Authentications .
The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.
The Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who shall have been an Officer, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The Securities may contain such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee.
A Security shall not be valid until authenticated manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.
In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, if requested, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.
The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.
Section 2.05 Registration of Transfer and Exchange .
(a) Securities of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.
(b) The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose a register or registers (herein referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed as authorized by Board Resolution (the “Security Registrar”).
Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.
All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the registered holder or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney in writing.
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(c) Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06, Section 3.03(b) and Section 9.04 not involving any transfer.
(d) The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part. The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.
Section 2.06 Temporary Securities .
Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.
Section 2.07 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities .
In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company’s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant’s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
In case any Security that has matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.
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Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.
Section 2.08 Cancellation .
All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
Section 2.09 Benefits of Indenture .
Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities of any series are subordinated) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities of any series are subordinated).
Section 2.10 Authenticating Agent .
So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.
Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.
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Section 2.11 Global Securities .
(a) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: “Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.”
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.
(c) If at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary or from the Trustee, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series. In such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer’s Certificate evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.
ARTICLE 3
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS
Section 3.01 Redemption.
The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.
Section 3.02 Notice of Redemption .
(a) In case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction.
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Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is from a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.
In case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.
(b) If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days’ notice (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.
Section 3.03 Payment Upon Redemption .
(a) If the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.03).
(b) Upon presentation of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.
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Section 3.04 Sinking Fund .
The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06 shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01 for Securities of such series.
The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.
Section 3.05 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities .
The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.
Section 3.06 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund .
Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officer’s Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.03.
ARTICLE 4
COVENANTS
Section 4.01 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest .
The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn on and mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of U.S. $2,000,000 and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date). Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of U.S. $2,000,000 and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions in writing to the Security Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date.
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Section 4.02 Maintenance of Office or Agency .
So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency with respect to each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02, where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officer’s Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands. The Company initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.
Section 4.03 Paying Agents .
(a) If the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section:
(1) that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto;
(2) that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;
(3) that it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and
(4) that it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.
(b) If the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.
(c) Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.
Section 4.04 Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee .
The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.
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Section 4.05 Compliance with Consolidation Provisions .
The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such transaction, or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article Ten hereof are complied with.
ARTICLE 5
SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE
Section 5.01 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders .
The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a) within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.03) a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.
Section 5.02 Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders .
(a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).
(b) The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.
(c) Securityholders may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
Section 5.03 Reports by the Company .
The Company covenants and agrees to provide (which delivery may be via electronic mail) to the Trustee, after the Company files the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not be required to deliver to the Trustee any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the Securities and Exchange Commission; and provided further, so long as such filings by the Company are available on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR), such filings shall be deemed to have been filed with the Trustee for purposes of this Section 5.03 without any further action required by the Company.
Section 5.04 Reports by the Trustee .
(a) If required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee, within sixty (60) days after each May 1, shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register, a brief report dated as of such May 1, which complies with Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.
(b) The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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(c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.
ARTICLE 6
REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT
Section 6.01 Events of Default .
(a) Whenever used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, “Event of Default” means any one or more of the following events that has occurred and is continuing:
(1) the Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;
(2) the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any;
(3) the Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time Outstanding;
(4) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or
(5) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.
(b) In each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.
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(c) At any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.06.
No such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.
(d) In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.
Section 6.02 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee .
(a) The Company covenants that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 days, or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.
(b) If the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.
(c) In case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.
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(d) All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.
In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.
Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.
Section 6.03 Application of Moneys Collected .
Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
FIRST: To the payment of all indebtedness of the Company to which such series of Securities is subordinated to the extent required by Section 7.06 and Article Fourteen;
SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and
THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.
Section 6.04 Limitation on Suits .
No holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby; (iv) the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.
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Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.
Section 6.05 Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver .
(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.
(b) No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.
Section 6.06 Control by Securityholders .
The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee’s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.01 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.
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Section 6.07 Undertaking to Pay Costs .
All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any Securities by such holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this Indenture.
ARTICLE 7
CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE
Section 7.01 Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee .
(a) The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.
(b) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:
(i) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:(A) the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and (B) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;
(ii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;
(iii) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and
(iv) None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
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Section 7.02 Certain Rights of Trustee .
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:
(a) The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;
(b) Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument signed in the name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein);
(c) The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or, if requested, any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;
(d) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;
(e) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;
(f) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.04); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand; and
(g) The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder.
In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default except (1) any Event of Default occurring pursuant to Sections 6.01(a)(1) and 6.01(a)(2) or (2) any Default or Event of Default of which the Trustee shall have received written notification in the manner set forth in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have obtained actual knowledge. Delivery of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under Section 5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information and the Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable from information contained therein including the Company’s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on an Officer’s Certificate).
Section 7.03 Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities .
(a) The recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same.
(b) The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.
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(c) The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the Trustee.
Section 7.04 May Hold Securities .
The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.
Section 7.05 Moneys Held in Trust .
Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.
Section 7.06 Compensation and Reimbursement .
(a) The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee may from time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises.
(b) The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities are subordinated. Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities.
Section 7.07 Reliance on Officer’s Certificate .
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.
Section 7.08 Disqualification; Conflicting Interests .
If the Trustee has or shall acquire any “conflicting interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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Section 7.09 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility .
There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.
If such corporation or other Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor may any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.
Section 7.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor .
(a) The Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.
(b) In case at any time any one of the following shall occur:
(i) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or
(ii) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or
(iii) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;
then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.
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(c) The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the Company.
(d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.
(e) Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.
Section 7.11 Acceptance of Appointment By Successor .
(a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.
(b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.
(c) Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.
(d) No successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.
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(e) Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.
Section 7.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business .
Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, including the administration of the trust created by this Indenture, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the provisions of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.
Section 7.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company .
The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.
Section 7.14 Notice of Default
If any Default or any Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Default or Event of Default within the earlier of 90 days after it occurs and 30 days after it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee or written notice of it is received by the Trustee, unless such Default or Event of Default has been cured; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders.
ARTICLE 8
CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS
Section 8.01 Evidence of Action by Securityholders .
Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.
If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officer’s Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.
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Section 8.02 Proof of Execution by Securityholders.
Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:
(a) The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.
(b) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.
The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.
Section 8.03 Who May be Deemed Owners.
Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
Section 8.04 Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.
In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.
Section 8.05 Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.
At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.
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ARTICLE 9
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
Section 9.01 Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders .
In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:
(a) to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;
(b) to comply with Article Ten;
(c) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;
(d) to add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;
(e) to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;
(f) to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;
(g) to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.01, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;
(h) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or
(i) to comply with any requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.
The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.
Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.02.
Section 9.02 Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.
With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating
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any
of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.01 the rights
of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without
the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed maturity of any Securities of
any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any
premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the holders of which are required to
consent to any such supplemental indenture.
It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.
Section 9.03 Effect of Supplemental Indentures.
Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.
Section 9.04 Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures.
Securities of any series affected by a supplemental indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.
Section 9.05 Execution of Supplemental Indentures.
Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may receive an Officer’s Certificate or, if requested, an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the execution thereof; provided, however, that such Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.
Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.
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ARTICLE 10
SUCCESSOR ENTITY
Section 10.01 Company May Consolidate, Etc .
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, nothing contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, (a) the Company hereby covenants and agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant to Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have acquired such property and (b) in the event that the Securities of any series then Outstanding are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company, such entity shall, by such supplemental indenture, make provision so that the Securityholders of Securities of that series shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange of such Securities the number of securities or property to which a holder of the number of shares of common stock or other securities of the Company deliverable upon conversion or exchange of those Securities would have been entitled had such conversion or exchange occurred immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition.
Section 10.02 Successor Entity Substituted.
(a) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth under Section 10.01 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.
(b) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.
(c) Nothing contained in this Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).
Section 10.03 Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee.
The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may receive an Officer’s Certificate and, if requested, an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.
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ARTICLE 11
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
Section 11.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture .
If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.05); or (b) all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03 and 7.10, that shall survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall survive to such date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.
Section 11.02 Discharge of Obligations.
If at any time all such Securities of a particular series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section 11.01 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05 hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.
Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.
Section 11.03 Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust.
All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.
Section 11.04 Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.
In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.
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Section 11.05 Repayment to Company.
Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company’s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.
ARTICLE 12
IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Section 12.01 No Recourse .
No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.
ARTICLE 13
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 13.01 Effect on Successors and Assigns .
All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.
Section 13.02 Actions by Successor.
Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the lawful successor of the Company.
Section 13.03 Surrender of Company Powers.
The Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.
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Section 13.04 Notices.
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the Trustee or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee), as follows: . Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.
Section 13.05 Governing Law.
This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
Section 13.06 Treatment of Securities as Debt.
It is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this intention.
Section 13.07 Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent.
(a) Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture (other than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section 13.12) relating to the proposed action have been complied with and, if requested, an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.
(b) Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant in this Indenture shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
Section 13.08 Payments on Business Days.
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period after such nominal date.
Section 13.09 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.
If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control.
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Section 13.10 Counterparts.
This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
Section 13.11 Separability.
In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein or therein.
Section 13.12 Compliance Certificates.
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, an officer’s certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate shall contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company’s performance under this Indenture and that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 13.12, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If the officer of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such Default or Event of Default and its status.
ARTICLE 14
SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES
Section 14.01 Subordination Terms .
The payment by the Company of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any series of Securities issued hereunder shall be subordinated to the extent set forth in an indenture supplemental hereto relating to such series.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.
| VISIONWAVE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| [ TRUSTEE ], as Trustee | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
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Exhibit 5.1
August 3, 2026
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL
VisionWave Holdings, Inc.
300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210 #301
Wilmington, DE 19801
| Re: | Registration Statement on Form S-3 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special counsel to VisionWave Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (as amended or supplemented, the “Registration Statement”), filed by the Company on August 3 2026 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Registration Statement relates to the proposed issuance and sale from time to time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, as set forth in the Registration Statement, the prospectus contained therein (the “Base Prospectus”) and one or more supplements to the Base Prospectus (each, a “Prospectus Supplement”) and any free-writing prospectus(es) of up to $100,000,000 aggregate offering proceeds, of the following securities of the Company:
| ● | shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”); |
| ● | shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 par value, of the Company, in one or more series or classes (the “Preferred Stock”); |
| ● | debt securities, in one or more series (the “Debt Securities”), which may be issued pursuant to an indenture to be dated on or about the date of the first issuance of Debt Securities thereunder, but which may not be guaranteed by any affiliates of the Company or any other person, by and between a trustee to be selected by the Company (the “Trustee”) and the Company, in the form filed as Exhibit 4.6 or Exhibit 4.7 to the Registration Statement (the “Indenture”); |
| ● | warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Debt Securities (the “Warrants”), which may be issued under warrant agreements (each, a “Warrant Agreement”), to be dated on or about the date of the first issuance of the applicable Warrants thereunder, by and between the Company and a warrant agent to be selected by the Company (the “Warrant Agent”); |
| ● | Subscription rights of the Company (the “Rights”), which may be issued under rights agreements (each, a “Rights Agreement”), to be dated on or about the date of the first issuance of the applicable Rights thereunder, by and between the Company and a rights agent to be selected by the Company (the “Rights Agent”); and |
| ● | units consisting of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants or Rights (the “Units”), which may be issued under unit agreements (each, a “Unit Agreement”), to be dated on or about the date of the first issuance of the applicable Units thereunder, by and between the Company and the other parties thereto (the “Unit Parties”). |
We are also acting as counsel for the Company in connection with the resale prospectus included in the Registration Statement (the “Resale Prospectus”) relating to the resale of up to 10,800,000 shares (the “Resale Shares”) of Common Stock, which consists of (i) up to 9,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of a convertible promissory note, dated July 20, 2026 (the “July 2026 Note”) and (ii) 1,800,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant, dated July 20, 2026 (the “July 2026 Warrant”). The Resale Shares issuable by the Company to the selling stockholders were sold in a private placement transaction that was completed on July 20, 2026.
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The Common Stock, the Preferred Stock, the Debt Securities, the Warrants, the Rights, the Units, as well as any additional Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights and Units that may be registered pursuant to any registration statement that the Company may hereafter file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act in connection with an offering by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement, are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.” The shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the July 2026 Note are referred to herein as the “Conversion Shares.” The shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the July 2026 Warrant are referred to herein as the “Warrant Shares.”
We are delivering this opinion pursuant to the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.
In connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon originals, or copies certified to our satisfaction, of such records, documents, certificates, opinions, memoranda and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate to enable us to render the opinion expressed below. As to certain factual matters, we have relied upon certificates of officers of the Company and have not independently sought to verify such matters.
In rendering this opinion, we have assumed (i) the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures on original documents; (ii) the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals; (iii) the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; (iv) the accuracy, completeness and authenticity of certificates of public officials; (v) the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents where authorization, execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness of such documents; (vi) that the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and the Base Prospectus, other than for the Resale Shares, any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws and any and all free-writing prospectus(es) related to the offer and sale of the Securities have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (vii) that the issuance and sale of the Securities do not violate any applicable law, are in conformity with the Company’s then operative Certificate of Incorporation (as defined below) and bylaws, do not result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company or its properties or assets; (viii) a prospectus supplement will have been prepared and filed with the Commission describing the Securities offered thereby; (ix) other than for the Resale Shares, a definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to any Securities offered will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto, as applicable; and (x) if the holders of the Debt Securities are granted rights to inspect corporate books and records and to vote in the election of directors or any matters on which stockholders of the Company may vote, such rights will be set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation or the Certificate of Incorporation grants to the Company’s Board of Directors the power to confer such voting or inspection rights and the Company’s Board of Directors will have conferred such rights.
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With respect to our opinion as to the Common Stock or other Securities convertible into, exercisable for or including Common Stock, we have been advised by the Company and for purposes of this opinion we have assumed that, at the time of issuance and sale, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock are authorized and available for issuance and that the consideration for the issuance and sale of the Common Stock (or for any Securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock) will be in an amount that is not less than the par value of the Common Stock. With respect to our opinion as to the Preferred Stock or other Securities convertible into, exercisable for, or including Preferred Stock, we have assumed that, (a) at the time of issuance and sale, a sufficient number of shares of Preferred Stock are authorized, designated and available for issuance and that the consideration for the issuance and sale of the Preferred Stock (or for any Securities convertible into or exercisable for Preferred Stock) will be in an amount that is not less than the par value of the Preferred Stock, and (b) the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation privileges of each series of Preferred Stock will be set forth in a certificate of designation to be approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, or in an amendment to the Company’s then operative Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), to be approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders, and that one or both of these documents will be filed either as an exhibit to an amendment to the Registration Statement to be filed after the date of this opinion or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed after the Registration Statement has become effective. We have also assumed that any Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights or Units offered under the Registration Statement, and the related Indenture, Warrant Agreement, Rights Agreement or Unit Agreement, as applicable, are executed in the forms filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or incorporated by reference therein. We have also assumed that (i) with respect to Securities issuable upon conversion of any convertible Preferred Stock, the applicable convertible Preferred Stock will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; and (ii) with respect to any Securities issuable upon conversion of any convertible Debt Securities or upon exercise of any Rights or Warrants or relating to any Units, the applicable convertible Debt Securities, Rights, Warrants or Units will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as enforcement may be subject to (x) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer or conveyance, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights, (y) general equity or public policy principles (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding at law or in equity) and (z) limitations on availability of equitable relief, including specific performance. We have also assumed with respect to the Warrants offered under the Registration Statement, that (a) such Warrants will be issued pursuant to a Warrant Agreement, (b) the Warrant Agreement will be filed either as an exhibit to an amendment to the Registration Statement to be filed after the date of this opinion or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed after the Registration Statement has become effective, and (c) the particular terms of any series of Warrants will be set forth in a Prospectus Supplement forming a part of the Registration Statement. We have also assumed with respect to the Rights offered under the Registration Statement that (A) such Rights will be issued pursuant to a Rights Agreement, (B) the Rights Agreement will be filed either as an exhibit to an amendment to the Registration Statement to be filed after the date of this opinion or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed after the Registration Statement has become effective, and (C) the particular terms of any Rights will be set forth in a Prospectus Supplement. We have also assumed with respect to the Units offered under the Registration Statement, that (a) such Units will be issued pursuant to a Unit Agreement, (b) the Unit Agreement will be filed either as an exhibit to an amendment to the Registration Statement to be filed after the date of this opinion or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed after the Registration Statement has become effective, and (c) the particular terms of any series of Units will be set forth in a Prospectus Supplement forming a part of the Registration Statement. We have also assumed with respect to the Debt Securities offered under the Registration Statement, that (a) such Debt Securities will be issued pursuant to an Indenture, (b) the Indenture has been or will be filed either as an exhibit to an amendment to the Registration Statement to be filed after the date of this opinion or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed after the Registration Statement has become effective, and (c) the particular terms of any Debt Securities will be set forth in a Prospectus Supplement forming a part of the Registration Statement. With respect to the Resale Shares, we express no opinion to the extent that, notwithstanding the Company’s current reservation of shares of Common Stock, future issuances of securities of the Company, including the Resale Shares, and/or antidilution adjustments to outstanding securities of the Company, including the July 2026 Note and July 2026 Warrant, may cause the July 2026 Note and/or July 2026 Warrant to be convertible and/or exercisable for more shares of Common Stock than the number that then remain authorized but unissued. We have also assumed that at or prior to the time of the delivery of any of the Resale Shares, the Registration Statement will have been declared effective under the Securities Act.
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Our opinions herein are expressed solely with respect to the laws of the General Corporate Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) and, as to the Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights and Units constituting valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, the laws of the State of New York. The Securities may be issued from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis, and this opinion letter is limited to the laws, including the rules and regulations, as in effect on the date hereof, which laws are subject to change with possible retroactive effect. We express no opinion as to whether the laws of any jurisdiction are applicable to the subject matter hereof. We are not rendering any opinion as to compliance with any federal or state law, rule or regulation relating to securities, or to the sale or issuance thereof.
On the basis of the foregoing and in reliance thereon, and subject to the qualifications herein stated, we are of the opinion that:
1. With respect to the Common Stock offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Base Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize the issuance and sale of shares of Common Stock and fix or otherwise determine the consideration to be received for such shares and the terms of the offer and sale thereof; (iii) the issuance and sale of the Common Stock do not violate any applicable law, are in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and the Company’s then operative bylaws (the “Bylaws”), do not result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; (iv) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and other regulatory authorities have been obtained; and (v) the certificates, if any, for the Common Stock have been duly executed by the Company, countersigned by the transfer agent therefor and duly delivered to the purchasers thereof against the requisite payment therefor, which the Company has received, then the Common Stock, when issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and any related free-writing prospectus(es) and in accordance with a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, or upon conversion of any convertible Preferred Stock or convertible Debt Securities in accordance with their terms, or upon exercise of any Rights or Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
2. With respect to the Preferred Stock offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (i) Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Base Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to establish the rights, preferences and privileges of, and limitations on, any series of Preferred Stock and to authorize the issuance and sale of shares of such series of Preferred Stock and fix or otherwise determine the consideration to be received for such shares and the terms of the offer and sale thereof; (iii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and other regulatory authorities have been obtained; (iv) appropriate certificates of amendment to the then operative Certificate of Incorporation relating to the terms and issuance of Preferred Stock have been duly approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and been filed with and accepted by the State of Delaware; (v) the terms of the Preferred Stock and their issuance and sale do not violate any applicable law, are in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws, do not result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (vi) the certificates, if any, for the Preferred Stock have been duly executed by the Company, countersigned by the transfer agent therefor and duly delivered to the purchasers thereof against the requisite payment therefor, which the Company has received, then the Preferred Stock, when issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and any related free-writing prospectus(es) and in accordance with a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, or upon conversion of any convertible Debt Securities in accordance with their terms, or upon exercise of any Rights or Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
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3. With respect to any series of the Debt Securities issued under the Indenture and offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Base Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) the Indenture has been duly authorized by the Company and the Trustee by all necessary corporate action; (iii) the Indenture in substantially the forms filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement, have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the Trustee and have been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; (iv) the issuance and terms of the Debt Securities have been duly authorized by the Company by all necessary corporate action; (v) the terms of the Debt Securities and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the Indenture so as not to violate any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, so as to be in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (vi) the notes representing the Debt Securities have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee pursuant to the Indenture and delivered against the requisite payment therefor, which the Company has received, then the Debt Securities, when issued and sold in accordance with the Indenture and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s), and a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, or upon exercise of any Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Company.
4. With respect to the Warrants issued under a Warrant Agreement and offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (i) the Warrant Agreement has been duly authorized by the Company and the Warrant Agent by all necessary corporate action; (ii) the Warrant Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the Warrant Agent as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s); (iii) the issuance and terms of the Warrants have been duly authorized by the Company by all necessary corporate action; and (iv) the Warrants have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and authenticated by the Warrant Agent pursuant to the Warrant Agreement and delivered against the requisite payment therefor, which the Company has received, and assuming that the Warrants are then issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement(s), then the Warrants, when issued and sold in accordance with the Warrant Agreement and a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as enforcement thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium or other similar laws affecting creditors’ rights, and subject to general equity principles and to limitations on availability of equitable relief, including specific performance.
5. With respect to the Rights issued under a Rights Agreement and offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (i) all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize, execute and deliver a subscription agreement or Rights certificate and to authorize the form, terms, execution and delivery of the Rights and to fix or otherwise determine the consideration to be received for the Rights and the terms of the offer and sale thereof; (ii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory authorities have been obtained; (iii) the Rights Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the Rights Agent as described in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s); and (iv) the Rights have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and authenticated by the Rights Agent pursuant to the Rights Agreement and delivered against the requisite payment therefor, which the Company has received, and assuming that the Rights are then issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement(s) and any related free-writing prospectus, then such Rights, when issued and sold in accordance with the Rights Agreement and a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
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6. With respect to the Units issued under a Unit Agreement and offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (i) all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize, execute and deliver a Unit Agreement and to authorize the form, terms, execution and delivery of the Units and to fix or otherwise determine the consideration to be received for the Units and the terms of the offer and sale thereof; (ii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory authorities have been obtained; (iii) the Unit Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the Unit Parties as described in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s); and (iv) the Units have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and authenticated by the Unit Parties pursuant to the Unit Agreement and delivered against the requisite payment therefor, which the Company has received, and assuming that the Units are then issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement(s) and any related free-writing prospectus(es), then the Units, when issued and sold in accordance with the Unit Agreement and a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
7. The Conversion Shares have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of the Company under the DGCL and, when issued upon the conversion of the July 2026 Note pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the July 2026 Note and when evidence of the issuance thereof is duly recorded in the Company’s books and records, will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.
8. The Warrant Shares have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of the Company under the DGCL and, when the Warrant Shares are delivered and paid for in accordance with the terms of the July 2026 Warrant and when evidence of the issuance thereof is duly recorded in the Company’s books and records, the Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.
Our opinions are subject to: (i) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, preference, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; (ii) (a) the effect of general principles of equity, whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief), (b) concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and (c) the discretion of the court before which a proceeding is brought; and (iii) the invalidity under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions providing for the indemnification of or contribution to a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy. We express no opinion as to (a) any provision for liquidated damages, late charges, monetary penalties, make-whole premiums or other economic remedies to the extent such provisions are deemed to constitute a penalty, (b) consents to, or restrictions upon, governing law, jurisdiction, venue, arbitration, remedies, or judicial relief, (c) waivers of rights or defenses, (d) any provision requiring the payment of attorneys’ fees, where such payment is contrary to law or public policy, (e) advance waivers of claims, defenses, rights granted by law, or notice, opportunity for hearing, evidentiary requirements, statutes of limitation, trial by jury or at law, or other procedural rights, (f) waivers of broadly or vaguely stated rights, (g) provisions for exclusivity, election or cumulation of rights or remedies, (h) provisions authorizing or validating conclusive or discretionary determinations, (k) grants of setoff rights, (i) proxies, powers and trusts, (j) provisions prohibiting, restricting, or requiring consent to assignment or transfer of any right or property, (k) any provision to the extent it requires that a claim with respect to a security denominated in other than U.S. dollars (or a judgment in respect of such a claim) be converted into U.S. dollars at a rate of exchange at a particular date, to the extent applicable law otherwise provides, and (l) the severability, if invalid, of provisions to the foregoing effect.
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With your consent, we have assumed (a) that each of the Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights and Units and the applicable Indentures, Warrant Agreements, Rights Agreements and Unit Agreements governing such Securities (collectively, the “Documents”) will be governed by the internal laws of the State of New York, (b) that each of the Documents has been or will be duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto, (c) that each of the Documents constitutes or will constitute legally valid and binding obligations of the parties thereto other than the Company, enforceable against each of them in accordance with their respective terms, and (d) that the status of each of the Documents as legally valid and binding obligations of the parties will not be affected by any (i) breaches of, or defaults under, agreements or instruments, (ii) violations of statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders, or (iii) failures to obtain required consents, approvals or authorizations from, or to make required registrations, declarations or filings with, governmental authorities.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the heading “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not admit that we are “experts” within the meaning of such term as used in the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission issued thereunder with respect to any part of the Registration Statement, including this opinion as an exhibit or otherwise. In rendering this opinion, we are opining only as to the specific legal issues expressly set forth therein, and no opinion shall be inferred as to any other matter or matters. This opinion is intended solely for use in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities and the resale of the Resale Shares subject to the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon for any other purpose. This opinion is expressed as of the date hereof unless otherwise expressly stated, and we disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any subsequent changes in the facts stated or assumed herein or of any subsequent changes in applicable laws.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP
SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP
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Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors
VisionWave Holdings, Inc.
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated December 30, 2025, with respect to our audit of consolidated financial statements of VisionWave Holdings, Inc. as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 and for the year ended September 30, 2025 and for the period ended from March 20, 2024 (date of inception) to September 30, 2024.
We also consent to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in the registration statement.
/s/ RBSM LLP
New York, NY
August 3, 2026