Good day and welcome to the Brandywine Realty Trust First Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speakers' presentation, there'll be a question-and-answer session. Instructions will be given at that time. As a reminder, this call may be recorded. I would like to turn the call over to Jerry Sweeney, President and CEO. Please go ahead.

Michelle, thank you. Thank you very much. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for participating in our first quarter 2025 earnings call. On today's call with me as usual are George Johnstone, our Executive Vice President of Operations; Dan Palazzo, our Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer; and Tom Wirth, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to beginning, certain information we will discuss on the call today may constitute forward-looking statements within the meanings of the federal securities law. Although we believe the estimates reflected in these statements are based on reasonable assumptions, we cannot give assurance that the anticipated results will be achieved. For further information on factors that could impact our anticipated results, please reference our press release as well as our most recent annual and quarterly reports that we file with the SEC. Well, first and foremost, we hope that you and yours are doing well. To the extent that we can, we are closely monitoring the rapidly evolving macro environment, including the impact of tariffs, interest rates, credit spreads and other public policy issues as we move forward with executing our 2025 business plan. So during our prepared remarks today, we'll briefly update you on first quarter results and provide an update on our 2025 business plan. After that, Dan, George, Tom and I are available to answer any questions. So moving into the presentation, our first quarter FFO was $0.14 per share. You'll hear more on that from Tom in a few moments. We posted solid operating metrics again this quarter, reinforcing our portfolio's high quality and strong market positioning. At the midpoint, we have now executed 92% of our '25 spec revenue target. Our quarterly retention rate was 55%. Our leasing activity for the quarter approximated 340,000 square feet, including 235,000 square feet in our wholly owned portfolio and 105,000 square feet in our joint ventures. While this quarterly activity was below our fourth quarter run rate, our operating portfolio pipeline continues to increase. And along those lines, we're pleased to report that we have 306,000 square feet of forward leasing activity that will commence after the first quarter end. This is the highest level of forward leasing velocity we've had in over 11 quarters. This forward leasing helps mitigate our first quarter negative absorption. The predominance of that negative absorption was the result of early terminations and two tenant defaults, 77% of that activity occurred in our Austin, Met D.C., and New Jersey, Delaware markets. We have already re-leased 55,000 square feet of those move-outs all with 2025 commencement dates. As we anticipated in our business plan, we did end the quarter at 86.6% occupied and 89.2% leased. In Philadelphia, we are 93% occupied and 96% leased. In the Pennsylvania suburbs, we are 88% occupied and 90% leased. And in Austin, where a number of early terminations impacted our overall occupancy numbers, that is now 75% occupied. But given the overall strong performance in the majority of our portfolio, we are maintaining our year-end occupancy and leasing guidance. Looking ahead, we have only 4.4% of annual rollover through 2026, remaining one of the lowest in the office sector. For the quarter, our mark-to-market was 8.9% on a GAAP basis and 2.3% on a cash basis, both of which are above our business plan expectations. Our capital ratio was 12.2%, slightly above our '25 business plan range, but as expected for the first quarter. First quarter physical tours were well in line with our fourth quarter volume and exceeded first quarter '24 by 4%. Also, on a wholly-owned basis, 60% of all new leasing activity was the result of the flight to quality that I'll talk about in a few moments. We also do not have any tenant lease expirations greater than 1% of revenue through 2026. Our operating portfolio leasing pipeline remained very strong and includes about 159,000 square feet of leases in advanced stages of negotiations. So the takeaway on operations is, it remains very stable, solid operating performance with very limited rollover risk for several years, good capital control, improving markets, and an expanding leasing pipeline. So all-in-all, very consistent with our '25 business plan forecast. From a liquidity standpoint, we did elect to prepay our $70 million unsecured term loan and have $65 million outstanding on our $600 million unsecured line of credit. We have no unsecured bond maturities until 2027 in November of that year. Going forward, as we talk about every quarter, to ensure ample liquidity, our business plan is predicated upon maintaining minimal balances on our line of credit over the next several years. If stepping back and looking at the big picture, our real estate markets and overall sentiment continue to improve. We are seeing that every day in our tour activity. Our operating and leasing teams have established a solid operating foundation to capitalize on these improving office market dynamics. In particular, our pipeline activity continues to grow. Tour volume remains at a very healthy level. Rent levels and concession packages remain in line with our business plan and in select submarkets and buildings, we're pushing both nominal and effective rents. Demand for high quality, highly amenitized product evidencing the flight to quality trend remains a defining characteristic of both the overall sector and our portfolio. The market continues to see a quality bifurcation. For example, using one of the brokerage firm's numbers, Philadelphia has an 18% vacancy rate among 119 buildings. 50% of that vacancy is concentrated in just 14 buildings, while the 10 emptiest buildings account for 40% of the city's vacancy. So the high quality buildings are not only outperforming, but also pushing effective rents and the competitive set continues to narrow. Overall Brandywine is 96.2% leased in our Philadelphia CBD portfolio and during the first quarter, we captured 64% of all deals done in the Central Business District. The city's Life Science sector, while certainly still in the recovery phase, continues to be a forward growth driver backed by a strong regional healthcare ecosystem that includes almost 1,200 biotech and pharmaceutical firms along with 15 major healthcare systems. Austin, which is still early in the recovery cycle, continues to be a magnet for corporate expansion, driven by both a friendly business environment and robust job growth. Leasing momentum remains positive with Austin recording over 112 tenants actively seeking more than 3.7 million square feet of space as of April. That's a 33% increase in demand over the fourth quarter of '24. Positive momentum is being driven by what we're seeing, a revitalization of the tech sector. There's also a notable trend encouraging return to work on a full-time basis. So we remain optimistic that Austin will see increased leasing activity as 2025 progresses. We do anticipate tenants continue to have a clear preference for premium office environments and Brandywine, as demonstrated through our leasing results, is well positioned to continue capturing demand in both Philadelphia, Austin, and our other smaller submarkets. As we discussed during our fourth quarter call, 2025 is a transitional earnings year for us. We have made significant progress on portfolio stability. However, our earnings remain impacted by the expensing of our preferred non-cash accruals and interest expense charges relating to our two residential projects at 3025 JFK and One Uptown. Stabilizing these development projects remains the top priority for the organization. And during the quarter, we had great success in our residential developments and expanded the pipeline and deal status of our remaining commercial projects. Looking at each project, at Schuylkill Yards, our 3025 office component is 80% leased, leaving us with just over one floor to lease. We had a good pipeline that advanced during the quarter on that remaining office space and have advanced negotiations underway on the two remaining retail spaces. We do anticipate the commercial component will stabilize in the first quarter of '26. Avira, our residential tower, continues to perform on pro forma and is currently 96% leased. We are also experiencing a very healthy renewal rate at an average rent increase in the double digits. We expect Avira will stabilize in the second quarter of this year, so this quarter. 3151, our Life Science project was substantially delivered this quarter. Some physical work does remain, particularly on the streetscape, and this project will be in a capitalization phase through 2025. The pipeline now stands at over 500,000 square feet with advanced discussions underway with several prospects. The Life Science market remains in a recovery mode, impacted by a challenging fundraising climate and public policy uncertainty. But given our success at the 3025 project, we're also conducting tours of this project with office users. Based upon the pipeline we're seeing and the stage of that pipeline, we do anticipate this project will stabilize in Q3 '26. At Uptown ATX, the pipeline for the office component now stands just shy of 400,000 square feet, with tenant sizes ranging between 6,000 and 150,000 square feet. Given the status of this pipeline, after accounting for tenant build-out periods, we do expect this project to stabilize in Q2 '26 as we projected last quarter. Uptown Residential, known as Solaris House, opened six months ago in September. We're currently 56% leased and we expect Solaris to stabilize early Q4 '25. As noted in the past, our development projects remain top of market and are attractive to a broad range of our customer targets. We remain confident in their success and we continue to aggressively market each of those projects. To the upside, upon stabilization, these projects will generate about $41 million of annualized NOI increase to our first quarter income stream. So they do remain a key driver for the company. Also, as these projects stabilize, they present an excellent refinancing and recapitalization opportunity for us. In looking at the dividend, as we noted on the year-end call and we rolled out '25 guidance. For '25, the FFO and CAD payout ratios will be above our historical averages and frankly above our preferred levels. However, as our developments grow occupancy, we anticipate bringing our FFO and CAD results through '26 and bringing that dividend payout ratios back to historical levels without reducing the current $0.60 per share dividend. It's also important to note, as we highlight on Page 3 of the supplemental package, our 2025 recurring capital spend is projected to be impacted by approximately $21 million or $0.12 per share of deferred tenant improvement allowances for leases that were signed prior to 2023. During the first quarter, we recognized approximately 50% of those forecasted costs totaling $10.5 million or $0.06 per share that is included in our CAD ratio. In addition, the CAD ratio for the quarter includes just shy of $4 million of accrued but unpaid preferred returns to our partners, which were about $0.02 a share. We anticipate that the majority of those preferred returns will be paid upon a recapitalization of the joint ventures, not from cash flow. So it's important to note without those new non-recurring costs, our CAD payout ratio would have approximated $29.8 million, resulting in an 88% payout ratio, much more in line with our historical standards. I also would like to note on the capital side that our 9% to 11% '25 projected capital ratio range is one of the lowest we've had in the past five years. So we are keeping a tight control over capital spending as we aggressively move to lease up our development projects. So with that, let me turn the floor over to Tom to review our financial results and provide an outlook for the balance of the year.

Thank you, Jerry, and good morning. In the first quarter, we reported a net loss of $27.4 million, or $0.16 per share, while our funds from operations totaled $24.7 million, or $0.14 per diluted share. Each quarter, we provide guidance on significant revenue and expense items for future quarters. Our results this quarter were $0.01 above our fourth quarter guidance but $0.02 below the consensus for the first quarter. The discrepancy is mainly due to some estimates affecting expense line items, which impacted this quarter but not the full year. For our first quarter, the contribution to funds from operations from our unconsolidated joint ventures was $900,000, exceeding our reforecasted loss of $1 million by $1.9 million, largely due to one-time income at Solaris. Interest expense came in $1 million lower than expected, mainly due to capitalized interest, and all other quarterly forecasts aligned with expectations. Our debt metrics showed that the first quarter debt service and interest coverage ratios were stable at 2.1, the same as the fourth quarter. The core net debt to EBITDA ratios for the quarter and on an annualized basis were 7.7 and 7.9, respectively, with both metrics remaining within or below our target range. Our combined leverage was better than our core leverage due to the anticipated one-time cash income from our joint ventures. There were no changes to our portfolio or joint ventures. As we finalize our partial conversion plans, we expect to remove 300 Delaware from our core portfolio in the next two quarters for redevelopment. During this quarter, we paid off our $70 million unsecured term loan on its extended maturity date using proceeds from our unsecured line of credit and cash reserves. We have no unsecured bonds maturing until November 2027, and 95.4% of our wholly-owned debt is fixed, with an average maturity of 3.5 years. For our second quarter guidance, we expect property-level operating income to be around $70 million, slightly higher than the first quarter due to lower seasonal operating expenses. We anticipate a contribution from our joint ventures to be a negative $5 million for the second quarter, reflecting a sequential decrease of about $6 million due to the non-recurring income received in the first quarter. General and administrative expenses for the second quarter will be approximately $9.5 million, reflecting a sequential decrease of $8 million, consistent with prior years, mainly due to when equity compensation expenses are recognized. Total interest expense is expected to be about $34 million, with capitalized interest at approximately $2.5 million. Termination and other income should reach around $1.5 million, with management fees and development totaling $2.5 million. Our full annual business plan includes speculative sales of $50 million, expected to occur primarily in the latter half of the year, projected for late 2025, with minimal dilution expected. However, if the timing accelerates, the earnings impact could be greater. We do not anticipate any property acquisitions or buyback activities and estimate our share count will remain at roughly 179 million shares. As discussed, we will aim to recapitalize our developments as they approach stabilization and recapitalize commercial developments as leases are executed, achieving 80% to 90% occupancy on several projects, which will prompt recapitalization efforts throughout the year. For our capital plan, we are looking at $180 million for the remainder of the year, as our wholly-owned redevelopment projects are fully constructed, primarily focusing on lease-up capital for commercial projects. Our CAD payout ratio was 169.4% for the first quarter, which is quite high. As noted, our quarterly CAD was negatively influenced by older tenant allowances and unpaid preferred dividends on our joint ventures. Over the longer term, as we finish the recent development cycle and net operating income rises, we expect our CAD ratio to improve significantly throughout 2026. Our larger capital expenditures for the remainder of the year include $35 million for development projects such as 155 King of Prussia Road, 250 King of Prussia Road, and the new food hall at One Drexel Plaza. We will also distribute $80 million in common dividends, spend $20 million on revenue maintenance capital, $20 million on capital creation, and contribute another $20 million for new tenant leases and joint venture developments. Funding sources will include $95 million from cash flow after interest payments, $55 million from speculative asset and land sales, and $5 million in construction loan proceeds from 155 King of Prussia. Based on this capital plan, we expect to utilize an additional $25 million of net cash by the end of the year, maintaining a $61 million outstanding balance on our $600 million line of credit. We project our net debt to EBITDA to range from 8.2 to 8.4, without any recapitalization of our joint ventures, primarily due to ongoing losses in those ventures. The debt to gross asset value is expected to be about 48%. By year-end, we anticipate our core net debt to EBITDA range will be 7.7 to 7.9, matching our consolidated net debt to EBITDA, which does not include joint ventures. We foresee the fixed charge and interest coverage ratios to be around 2.0, representing a slight sequential decrease due to the joint venture losses. With income from development projects, we expect leverage to improve as the year progresses. I'll now hand the call back to Jerry.

Thank you, Tom. So as we look ahead, the operating platform and the quality of our developments will allow us to continue capitalizing on improving real estate market conditions. While earnings growth from the development pipeline is not yet fully visible, the groundwork has been laid, and we are poised to continue to build on the momentum and drive long-term value out of those properties. The operating platform remains very stable, with very limited near-term rollover. Liquidity, as Tom outlined, is in excellent shape and we're well positioned to take advantage of continued improvement in both the tenant and the financing markets. With that, we're delighted to open the floor for questions. As we always do, we ask that in the interest of time, you limit yourself to one question and a follow-up.

Thank you. Our first question comes from Anthony Paolone with JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Thank you. Good morning. I was wondering, Jerry, if you could start with maybe the pipeline. You touched on it a little bit particularly as it relates to Austin, but maybe give us a little bit more color around where it's coming from, whether the discussions are for expansions, moves, et cetera?

Yes, Tony, thank you. Good morning. Yes, certainly, look, we've definitely seen a continuation of the trend we outlined in the last call, which is increased tour activity through the building. And we're definitely seeing a more increased interest through some technology tenants. So when we take a look at the existing pipeline that we have, it's a good mix of technology companies, financial service companies, actually a couple of emerging Life Science companies that are really focused on kind of moving into new quality space that we've delivered. So the pipeline, as I mentioned, ranges from a low of 6,000 square feet we're filling up the spec suites that we pulled together to some of the larger tenants that we're in advanced discussions with.

Okay. And then just more broadly, can you give us any just more real-time anecdotes about how decision-making is coming along as the macro backdrop unfolds here and whether or not anybody is hitting pause or if it's business as usual, just anything incremental in more real-time would be helpful?

Yes. Look, certainly, the level of macro uncertainty is not helping the decision-making process. I can't say, and George, maybe you can weigh in, but I don't think we've really seen any of the larger prospects that we're talking to, across the company, both in existing properties and the development properties pause because of the macro overlay, but that could certainly change. I mean, every day, it seems like we're in a new cycle. But decision-making from our standpoint, as we've reinforced the last several quarters, does remain slower than we would like. But I can't say that the events of, let's say, the last quarter have really done anything to protract what we already view as a protracted decision-making cycle anyway. The tariff situation, I think, is creating some uncertainty in the minds of our contractors. And certainly, as we go through the pricing process for TI work, that actually, the threat of those tariffs is actually an accelerant to getting pricing finalized. We're in a very fortunate position where the development projects that we have underway, they're all done based on a guaranteed maximum price contract. As you see from the supplemental package, all of our capital is spent with the exception of TI dollars. So we're very keenly focused on having that risk behind us, but also as we go through the space planning and bidding process, making sure we continue to deal with very high-quality contractors who have great supply chains and making sure that we accelerate the planning process to the extent we can to lock into pricing before the concern about increased tariff prices takes place. But, George, any other color?

Yes, I think two other things, Tony. I do think that while the tenant is taking, the amount of time the tenants taking to make decisions, but Brandywine with our internal leasing teams, our internal construction and design teams, and legal teams, we're turning our side of the transaction much quicker than some of our competitors. And also with an highly unencumbered pool of assets, we're not having to go back to lenders for additional decision making. And then I think as Jerry mentioned in his script, we probably have seen a little bit of an elongated decision-making timeline when it comes to some of the Life Science companies, but not necessarily on the office companies.

Okay. Thank you for all that.

Thanks, Tony.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Steve Sakwa with Evercore ISI. Your line is open.

Yes. Thanks. Good morning. Jerry, maybe you could just help bucket the pipeline, the leasing pipeline kind of between the operating portfolio and then maybe go through Uptown ATX and I guess at this point 3025 just so we have kind of a good framework for what's going on there?

Yes. Well, look, I think certainly on the operating portfolio side, the pipeline remains kind of between 1.7 million and 1.8 million square feet with good tour velocity. So, look, I think as evidenced by us being 96% leased in CBD Philadelphia and us doing north of 60% of the deals, we've got a very, very good pipeline there. We have a couple of couple holes in our Radnor portfolio that in our Radnor corporate center that we're very keen on getting filled, and we're developing a nice pipeline and that pipeline has really picked up nicely in the last quarter. Our major holes in the operating portfolio really are down in Austin, Texas, where we've had a couple of tenants that moved out during the quarter with, I guess, a bankruptcy and an early termination. And there, the pipeline is better, Steve, than it was last quarter, but still we're working hard to continue to build that pipeline. We've redoubled our marketing efforts down there. We're doing a lot more, not more prospect outreach, and made some improvements to the properties to really position them well. So I think on the operating front, I think the trend line is very positive. Even in Austin, we're seeing more and more companies focused on coming back to the office with more frequency. So their space needs are being more defined. Here in the Philadelphia region, we've definitely, we have seen people migrate to a full four or five-day work week. So I think we're getting clarity on that. On the development pipeline, we have the one remaining floor, you mentioned, 3025. We have one remaining floor and two retail spaces. The retail spaces, we're trading paper with two high-quality prospects that we think will be a very good value-added driver for Schuylkill Yards neighborhood. And we have a number of prospects we're talking to, one full-floor user take up that with the one remaining floor, but then also a number of smaller firms we would break that floor down into multiple users. I think as I touched on with Tony on Austin, definitely seen a big uptick in tour activity. We continue to talk to several technology companies about larger space requirements. Those discussions are moving at a pace. It's slower than we would like, but certainly a constructive and engaged dialogue. We've actually seen a couple of financial service firms enter the fray. They're looking for 50,000 plus kind of square foot requirements and then a number of retail tenants we're talking to also as far as that building goes. Just to round out the horn at 3151, that is a building that was special purpose for Life Science. We have a pipeline there of over 500,000 square feet. The largest user is about 100,000 square feet is a high credit prospect. But I think as George touched on, the concern over NIH funding, the slowdown in venture capital investment in Life Science is clearly having an impact on the timing of when some of those Life Science companies make decisions. And as a result or as a consequence of that, as we talked last quarter, we've begun to show 3151 to a number of office users as well. So we have a few of those potential office users in our pipeline. They have been through the building for tours, and we'll see how that process continues to dovetail with what we're doing with the institutional users and the Life Science companies.

Great. Thanks for that color, Jerry. And then maybe just switching to 300 Delaware, it sounds like pulling that asset out of the pool will certainly aid kind of the year-end occupancy staff. But could you maybe talk about the economics of that office to resi conversion sort of how do you think about the incremental capital that you'll need to spend? And I guess you're going to lose some NOI perhaps coming off that building. Like how do you think about the stabilized yield when that process is completed?

Yes. This has been a lengthy review process over the past four quarters to evaluate the potential impact of rents in that market, not just current levels but future possibilities as well. We conducted a detailed analysis of pricing conversions, and that building qualifies for some federal financing that enhances the project's yield. We have significant efforts in progress concerning that property. The net operating income we are losing is actually quite small, as the property has been under-leased for several years. We decided a few years back not to invest more capital in that building for leasing because we believed the effective rents wouldn't justify the investment, and our resources would be better spent elsewhere. This decision prompted us to re-evaluate the long-term feasibility of the project. As we move forward with the design development, which will take the rest of this year to finalize MEP, HVAC, and all related design work, we will also navigate through the final approval stages. This potential activity could occur around the middle to late part of 2026. Currently, the yield, assuming we secure the federal subsidy, is projected to be around 7.5%. Our aim with this and other conversion opportunities is to complete the approval process, align it with the ongoing design development, create a financial model, and then determine whether we want to pursue this ourselves or market it as a turnkey development project to another firm. The key point I want to emphasize is our decision made sense economically, given rent levels and capital costs in that market, not to continue leasing that building solely as office space. I hope that gives you enough detail.

Yes, that's great. Thanks, Jerry.

You're welcome, Steve.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Seth Bergey with Citi. Your line is open.

Hi. You've discussed $15 million of dispositions with the possibility of more to come through the year. How has the macro environment changed what you're seeing out there in the market in terms of the buyer pool composition, pricing and financing availability?

Yes. Seth, good morning. Yes, look, actually, I think that is an emerging bright spot. We'll see how it all plays out. But we have targeted a midpoint of about $50 million of sales this year. We currently have put in several of our properties in Austin, Texas in the suburban markets on the market for sale. We are in the process of going through that underwriting and bidding process by a number of buyers, a good pool of potential bidders on those properties. So I think we would expect to have more visibility in the next quarter or so on how that process would work its way through. But I think we'd take a look at the overall investment market. I think last year and going back to '23, you really had a marketplace that was dominated by small private equity firms, family offices. And I think we saw happen in '24 was kind of the reemergence of institutional quality buyers. So, for example, in '23, institutional buyers were less than 16% of the office buying pool. They closed out '24 about 40% and just based upon the level of activity that we're seeing in the market generally, that institutional appetite seems to be reemerging for office space. The private firms, high net worth family offices are still there as well. And then we're also seeing more and more private operators team up with private equity to pull together programs to basically reimagine properties that we want to sell where we think the return metrics don't work for us, but they may work for someone else in a more highly levered model. So we continue to see that as a buyer pool as well. Right now, the mix of folks looking at the assets we have on the market is a blended institutional operator and private equity.

Thanks.

You're welcome.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Michael Lewis with Truist Securities. Your line is open.

Great. Thank you. You talked about recapitalizing the development projects. The multifamily ones are pretty close to stabilization now. Could you maybe talk a little bit about the capital provider appetite and how that marries with your strategy in terms of what you might encumber amounts, cost of capital and anything to talk about on any of that?

Yes. Good morning, Michael. I think the specific formulas are still evolving. I think the major focus right now is making sure we get everything stabilized. But certainly, the buying pool and the appetite for the residential properties has a higher level of visibility and depth in the office products right now. So we're looking at everything ranging from harvesting full value of those assets for sale to doing another type of power pursuit type of joint venture where we reduce our equity stake and hang on to a promote structure. We're actually looking at whether we combine some of these assets in a pool and create a better value-driven proposition for us by taking that collective approach. So we're really at the early stages of finalizing exactly what those algorithms will be. What we do know is that those preferred structures we have in place, we are targeting to reduce our exposure in at least one, possibly two of those this year and the balance in 2026.

Okay. Maybe that's a segue. And so my second question is more strategic. Brandywine often trades at a discount to NAV, sometimes that discount is deep. That's like a lot of office REITs. Right now I just pulled up on consensus NAV, Brandywine at 60% discount to NAV. So it almost got there in 2023. It traded at a discount this wide in 2020 at the onset of COVID, and in 2008, 2009, the GFC. So this is a historic discount to NAV. So my question is, is there anything that you do differently or kind of creatively? I was trying to think of ideas as well. Do you do anything differently here, maybe that means monetizing assets or I don't know right? Sort of an open-ended question about at this point in time with this deeper discount to NAV, does that change your thought process or give you any ideas?

We are constantly exploring new ideas and considering the next steps for the company. As we assess the future, we recognize that key value drivers include executing our development pipeline, which is projected to add $41 million in additional NOI. This goal is achievable and is part of our business plan, and we are confident in our ability to execute it in the coming quarters, as detailed in our supplemental materials. This will likely contribute to higher FFO growth and help return our payout ratios to historical levels. Additionally, we have a clear understanding of the dynamics in our markets. Observing the future supply of office spaces, we see a limited influx of new developments over the next four to five years, which positions our portfolio favorably. We are already noticing early indicators of this trend, especially in CBD Philadelphia and our key suburban markets, where we are successfully increasing effective rents and managing capital costs. I believe the competitive landscape will continue to tighten in the near term, presenting significant opportunities for us to enhance our NOI further. Increasing our NOI will enable us to explore more substantial tactical options regarding our portfolio. We currently have two major development opportunities ahead of us: Schuylkill Yards and Uptown ATX. Although the market isn't conducive to further development right now, the approvals and planning are completed, and infrastructure investments are in progress. We’ve also recently gained substantial upzoning potential for Uptown ATX, providing flexibility in our development approach. While our original plan focused heavily on office space, we plan to align more closely with market demand, making our projects more mixed-use. The approvals we have secured in both developments allow us to adapt our project types and transfer density between sites. Achieving these approvals is challenging, but once obtained, they enhance our overall value. This opens avenues for potentially monetizing parcels, creating ground lease structures, and finding better financing strategies to enhance shareholder value, especially given our high cost of equity capital. All these strategies are at the forefront of management and the Board's considerations as we conduct our strategic review each quarter.

Great. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Upal Rana with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Your line is open.

Good morning. This is Gabby on for Upal. So building off a previous question on decision making compared to the beginning of the year. Are potential tenants asking for more concessions or maybe looking at smaller spaces versus when they initially started looking?

Good morning. No real change since the beginning of the year. George, have you seen anything, but?

No, I think the size of the space, most of our tenants are maintaining their space when they're up for renewal. I think some of the new tenants that we're gaining are sometimes downsizing from the space that they're vacating in someone else's portfolio. But I think that plays into the flight to quality theme of they'll move up in flight, maybe at a higher rental rate and save a little bit because they're 1,000 square feet or two shorter, but overall I think concessions haven't changed dramatically. Capital, as Jerry indicated, we're doing a good job in controlling the capital ratios, et cetera.

Great. Thank you. And then I have a follow-up. Could you just talk about the GSA as a tenant? We see their annualized rent is primarily related to parking and OpEx. So could you provide any additional detail here, given they're one of your top tenants?

I'll provide as much clarity as I can. We have a joint venture with two private equity firms on what we call Cira Square, which is 840,000 square foot. It's the historic renovation of the post office building that sits adjacent to 30th Street Station here in Philadelphia. That lease with the GSA is up at the end of 2030. Right now, it houses the Internal Revenue Service as a sole occupant. With the federal government mandate to bring workers back to the workplace, we're running about 80% occupancy there. And we remain in a very active dialogue with both the GSA and the client agency, IRS, about what their going forward plans are. So as part of that lease, to go to your question, they do lease a number of parking spaces from us in a separate entity, which is called our Cira Garage and they are fully utilizing all their spaces as of this point. So we have a number of years to work through that process with them on their renewal. It is a - the building is a designated federal facility. I think the service agencies are happy to be there. But, of course, we don't control the macro environment or what will happen with these different client agencies based upon administrative actions.

Great. Thank you. Appreciate the time.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Dylan Burzinski with Green Street. Your line is open.

Good morning, guys. Most of my questions have been asked.

Good morning, Dylan.

Asked by now. But I guess just one, I think it was a couple of weeks ago, we saw an announcement that Spark Therapeutics was laying off a significant portion of its workforce. I know that you guys are the second largest tenant. So just curious if there's any sort of termination rights or ability for them to vacate that space at all?

No, they did have that asset, and remember that Spark is owned by Roche Pharmaceuticals. Therefore, we have a strong credit on that lease. I believe this marks the next phase of their integration following that acquisition. Roche and Spark are continuing to progress on their cell and gene therapy research and manufacturing center, which is situated next to one of our properties. The investment level there remains steady. The average remaining lease term we have with them is 92 months, so they do not have early termination rights. Their lease is set to expire in a couple of our buildings in University City at the end of next year, and we will review those situations.

Great. Appreciate that. Thanks, guys.

Thank you, Dylan.

Thank you. That's all the time we have for questions. I'd like to turn the call back over to Jerry Sweeney for closing remarks.

Great. Michelle, thank you very much, and thank you all for participating in our first quarter '25 earnings call. We look forward to being able to provide an update for you on our second quarter call later in the quarter. Thank you very much.

Thank you for your participation. This does conclude the program and you may now disconnect. Everyone have a great day.