Carnival Corp Ltd 10-K for FY2025
Carnival Corp Ltd. (CCL)
10-K
2026-01-27
For: 2025-11-30
View Original
Added on
April 08, 2026
About this 10-K
Carnival Corp Ltd filed this 10-K on January 27, 2026, covering the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025 (FY2025).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended November 30, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $26.62B
- up 6.4% from $25.02B a year earlier
- Net income
- $2.76B
- up 44.1% from net income of $1.92B a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $2.02
- up 40.3% from $1.44 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the fiscal year ended November 30 , 2025
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from ______________ to ________________
Commission file number: | Commission file number: | |||||||||||||||||||
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| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | |||||||||||||||||||
Republic of | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices and zip code) | (Address of principal executive offices and zip code) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) | |||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrants are well-known seasoned issuers, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Indicate by check mark if the registrants are not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants are large accelerated filers, accelerated filers, non-accelerated filers, smaller reporting companies, or emerging growth companies. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☑ | Accelerated filers | ☐ | Non-accelerated filers | ☐ | Smaller reporting companies | Emerging growth companies | |||||||||||||||||||||||
If emerging growth companies, indicate by check mark if the registrants have elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☑ No ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrants included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants are shell companies (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold was $25.1 billion as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
At January 13, 2026, Carnival Corporation had outstanding 1,236,706,612 shares of its Common Stock, $0.01 par value.
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold was $3.9 billion as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
At January 13, 2026, Carnival plc had outstanding 188,486,684 Ordinary Shares $1.66 par value, one Special Voting Share GBP 1.00 par value and 1,236,706,612 Trust Shares of beneficial interest in the P&O Princess Special Voting Trust.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
1
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| PART I | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 1B. | ||||||||
| Item 1C. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| PART II | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
| Item 7. | ||||||||
| Item 7A. | ||||||||
| Item 8. | ||||||||
| Item 9. | ||||||||
| Item 9A. | ||||||||
| Item 9B. | ||||||||
| Item 9C. | ||||||||
| PART III | ||||||||
| Item 10. | ||||||||
| Item 11. | ||||||||
| Item 12. | ||||||||
| Item 13. | ||||||||
| Item 14. | ||||||||
| PART IV | ||||||||
| Item 15. | ||||||||
| Item 16. | ||||||||
1
Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results
Some of the statements, estimates or projections contained in this document are “forward-looking statements” that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions with respect to us, including statements concerning future results, operations, strategy, outlooks, plans, goals, reputation, cash flows, liquidity and other events which have not yet occurred. These statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbors from liability provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. We have tried, whenever possible, to identify these statements by using words like “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “depends,” “expect,” “goal,” “aspiration,” “anticipate,” “forecast,” “project,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “target,” “indicate,” “outlook,” and similar expressions of future intent or the negative of such terms.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that relate to our outlook and financial position, as well as, statements regarding:
•Pricing | •Liquidity and credit ratings | ||||
•Booking levels | •Investment grade leverage metrics | ||||
•Occupancy | •Dividends | ||||
•Interest, tax and fuel expenses | •Estimates of ship depreciable lives and residual values | ||||
•Currency exchange rates | •Adjusted return on invested capital (“ROIC”) | ||||
•Goodwill, ship and trademark fair values | •The proposed unification and redomiciliation transactions | ||||
Because forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are many factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. This note contains important cautionary statements of the known factors that we consider could materially affect the accuracy of our forward-looking statements and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
•Events and conditions around the world, including geopolitical uncertainty, war and other military actions, pandemics, inflation, higher interest rates and other general concerns impacting the ability or desire of people to travel could lead to a decline in demand for cruises as well as have significant negative impacts on our financial condition and operations.
•Incidents concerning our ships, guests or the cruise industry may negatively impact the satisfaction of our guests and crew and lead to reputational damage.
•Adverse weather conditions or an increase in the frequency and/or severity of adverse weather conditions could have a material impact on our business and results of operations.
•Our targets, goals, aspirations, initiatives, public statements and disclosures, including those related to sustainability matters, may expose us to risks that may adversely impact our business.
•Cybersecurity incidents and data privacy breaches, as well as disruptions and other damages to our principal and other offices, information technology operations and system networks and failure to keep pace with developments in technology may adversely impact our business operations, the satisfaction of our guests and crew and may lead to fines, penalties and reputational damage.
•Our debt requires a significant amount of cash to service and our ability to generate sufficient cash depends on many factors, some of which may be beyond our control. Our financial condition and operations could be adversely impacted if we are unable to service our debt or satisfy our covenants.
•Increases in fuel costs, changes in the types of fuel consumed and availability of fuel supply may adversely impact our scheduled itineraries and costs.
•The loss of key team members, our inability to recruit or retain qualified shoreside and shipboard team members and increased labor costs could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
•We rely on suppliers who are integral to the operations of our businesses. These suppliers and service providers may be unable to deliver on their commitments, which could negatively impact our business.
•Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely impact our financial results.
•Our investments in port destinations and exclusive islands may expose us to additional risks.
•Overcapacity and competition in the cruise and land-based vacation industry may negatively impact our cruise sales, pricing and destination options.
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•Inability to implement our shipbuilding programs and ship repairs, maintenance and refurbishments may adversely impact our business operations and the satisfaction of our guests.
•Changes in and non-compliance with laws and regulations under which we operate, such as those relating to health, environment, safety and security, data privacy and protection, anti-money laundering, anti-corruption, economic sanctions, trade protection measures, labor and employment, and tax may be costly and lead to litigation, enforcement actions, fines, penalties and reputational damage.
•Factors associated with sustainability and the impact of greenhouse gases (“GHG”) and other emissions on the environment could have a material impact on our business and operating results.
•We may not successfully complete the proposed unification of our dual listed company (“DLC”) structure and the migration of Carnival Corporation’s legal incorporation to Bermuda, or, if we do, we may not realize the anticipated benefits and will be subject to Bermuda law, which differs in some respects compared to our current jurisdictions.
The ordering of the risk factors set forth above is not intended to reflect our indication of priority or likelihood. There may be additional risks that we consider immaterial or which are unknown.
Forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual results. Subject to any continuing obligations under applicable law or any relevant stock exchange rules, we expressly disclaim any obligation to disseminate, after the date of this document, any updates or revisions to any such forward-looking statements to reflect any change in expectations or events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements are based.
Forward-looking and other statements in this document may also address our sustainability progress, plans, and goals (including emissions and environmental-related matters). In addition, historical, current, and forward-looking sustainability-related statements may be based on standards and tools for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions and predictions that are subject to change in the future and may not be generally shared.
Adjusted ROIC provides additional information to us and investors about our operating performance relative to the capital we have invested in the company. We define adjusted ROIC as the twelve-month adjusted net income (loss) before interest expense and interest income divided by the monthly average of debt plus equity minus construction-in-progress, excess cash, goodwill and intangibles.
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PART I
Item 1. Business.
A. Overview
I.Summary
Carnival Corporation was incorporated in Panama in 1974 and Carnival plc was incorporated in England and Wales in 2000. Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc operate a dual listed company whereby the businesses of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are combined through a number of contracts and through provisions in Carnival Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws and Carnival plc’s Articles of Association. The two companies operate as if they are a single economic enterprise with a single executive management team and identical Boards of Directors, but each has retained its separate legal identity. Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are both public companies with separate stock exchange listings and their own shareholders. Together with their consolidated subsidiaries, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are referred to collectively in this Form 10-K as “Carnival Corporation & plc,” “company,” “our,” “us” and “we.” We are the largest global cruise company, and among the largest leisure travel companies, with a portfolio of world-class cruise lines - AIDA Cruises, Carnival Cruise Line, Costa Cruises, Cunard, Holland America Line, P&O Cruises, Princess Cruises and Seabourn. During 2025, we sunset the P&O Cruises (Australia) brand and folded its Australia operations into Carnival Cruise Line.
Following a review of the corporate structure, the Boards of Directors of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc recommended unifying the dual listed company under a single corporate entity, Carnival Corporation, listed solely on the New York Stock Exchange, with Carnival plc as its wholly-owned UK subsidiary. Under this plan, Carnival plc shareholders would receive Carnival Corporation shares on a one-for-one basis, and Carnival plc shares and American Depositary Receipts would be de-listed from both the London Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, respectively. Carnival Corporation also proposes shifting its legal incorporation from Panama to Bermuda under the name Carnival Corporation Ltd., a jurisdiction widely recognized and aligned with international financial standards. There will be no material changes to the company’s business fundamentals, including strategy, underlying assets and operations or to the company’s commitment to the vital UK market. The unification and legal incorporation in Bermuda are expected to preserve key shareholder voting and economic rights.
These proposals will be subject to certain conditions, including the approval of shareholders and receipt of regulatory and UK court approvals. Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc intend to hold meetings of shareholders in April 2026 to consider the proposals. Subject to shareholders approving the proposals and the remaining conditions being satisfied, the company intends to complete the unification and legal incorporation in Bermuda in the second quarter of 2026. More information on the proposed unification and legal incorporation in Bermuda will be included in materials Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc expect to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which will be available without charge on the SEC’s website.
II.Purpose & Mission, Core Values and Priorities
Purpose & Mission
To deliver unforgettable happiness to our guests by providing extraordinary cruise vacations, while honoring the integrity of every ocean we sail, place we visit and life we touch.
Core Values
•Listen & Learn - We listen—actively and inclusively—to make better decisions and learn from our successes and failures.
•Speak Up - We can respectfully share ideas, feedback, concerns and questions with confidence.
•Respect & Protect - We protect what matters—our people, our company and our planet—treating everyone with dignity and respect.
•Always Improving - We always try to do our jobs better and innovate to drive the business forward.
•Better Together - We work collaboratively as a team to successfully deliver on our purpose, mission and goals.
•Guest Obsessed - We put our guests front and center, delighting them at every opportunity.
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Priorities
Ensure each of our world-class cruise lines owns its space in the vacation market.
Different travelers seek different vacation experiences. That is why our portfolio of world-class cruise lines gives us such a powerful competitive advantage. With eight distinctive cruise lines operating around the globe, each brand has the opportunity to stand out with a clear, compelling identity that attracts its own unique profile of new and loyal guests. When we market those differences distinctly and deliver on them throughout the journey, we unlock higher levels of guest satisfaction, drive stronger bookings and demand and generate increased pricing power.
Be Travel & Leisure’s employer of choice.
Our team members are the heart of the unforgettable happiness we deliver to over 13.5 million guests each year. With a team of more than 160,000 individuals from approximately 150 countries, we proudly reflect the cultural richness of our guests and the global community. We intentionally cultivate a workplace environment where everyone feels welcomed, included, supported and empowered to succeed, reinforcing our ambition to be the world’s number‑one choice for hospitality, travel and leisure careers.
Stay committed to excellence in compliance, environmental protection and the well-being of every life we touch.
Achieving our Purpose and Mission starts with being responsible corporate citizens and strong stewards of our planet. That means preserving our environment, caring for our guests, our communities and our team, upholding the laws that govern our business and holding ourselves to the highest standards.
Execute our sustainability roadmap.
We are privileged to explore remarkable cultures and environments around the world—and it is our shared responsibility to honor and help preserve them. Without the thriving communities, healthy oceans and stunning places we visit, we could not deliver our Purpose and Mission or achieve our other priorities. That is why it is imperative that we continue to reduce our fuel consumption and carbon footprint, advance a circular economy and strengthen shared‑value partnerships with the communities we sail to and from.
Further strengthen our balance sheet while delivering outsized shareholder returns.
Several years of exceptional performance has significantly strengthened our financial fitness—reducing debt, achieving strong profitability and double‑digit ROIC, surpassing the investment grade threshold and reinstating our dividend. We are fortifying our position through disciplined cost control and continued deleveraging. At the same time, our measured investments in newbuilds, major ship midlife refurbishment enhancements across our cruise lines and destination development, and continued focus on commercial excellence, are setting the stage for substantial long‑term growth and value creation.
B. Global Cruise Industry
I. Overview
Cruising offers a broad range of products and services to suit vacationing guests of many ages, backgrounds and interests. Each brand in our portfolio meets the needs of a distinct set of consumer psychographics and vacation needs which allows us to penetrate large addressable customer segments. The mobility of cruise ships enables us to move our vessels between regions in order to meet changing demand across different geographic areas.
Cruise brands can be broadly classified as offering contemporary, premium and luxury cruise experiences. The contemporary experience appeals to a broad segment of the cruise vacation industry, including families with children of all ages, features a variety of activities and entertainment venues and generally includes cruises that last seven days or less. The premium experience emphasizes quality, comfort, style and more varied itineraries. The premium experience generally includes cruises that last from seven to 14 days. The luxury experience is generally characterized by very high standards of accommodation and service, smaller vessel size and exotic itineraries to ports that are inaccessible by larger ships. We have product and service offerings in each of these three broad classifications.
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II. Passenger Capacity by Ocean Going Vessels
| Passenger Capacity as of December 31 (a) | ||||||||||||||
| Calendar Year | Global Cruise Industry (b) | Carnival Corporation & plc | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 701,110 | 263,300 | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 733,010 | 269,970 | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 764,310 | 272,460 | ||||||||||||
(a)In accordance with cruise industry practice, passenger capacity is calculated based on the assumption of two passengers per cabin even though some cabins can accommodate three or more passengers.
(b)Global cruise industry data was obtained from Cruise Industry News.
III. Competition
The global cruise industry is a relatively small part of the global vacation market. We compete with land-based vacation alternatives throughout the world, such as hotels, resorts (including all-inclusive resorts), theme parks, organized tours, casinos, vacation ownership properties, and other internet-based alternative lodging sites. Based on 2025 Cruise Industry News statistics, as of December 31, 2025, we, along with our principal cruise competitors Royal Caribbean Group, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings, Ltd. and MSC Cruises, represented approximately 80% of the cruise industry capacity.
C. Our Global Cruise Business
I. Segment and Brand Information
| November 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Passenger Capacity | Percentage of Total Capacity | Number of Cruise Ships | |||||||||||||||||||||
North America Segment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carnival Cruise Line | 94,340 | 35 | % | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Princess Cruises | 54,890 | 20 | % | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Holland America Line | 23,030 | 8 | % | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Seabourn | 2,640 | (a) | 1 | % | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 174,910 | 64 | % | 63 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe Segment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
AIDA Cruises (“AIDA”) | 32,270 | 12 | % | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||
Costa Cruises (“Costa”) | 31,140 | (b) | 11 | % | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| P&O Cruises | 24,300 | 9 | % | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cunard | 9,770 | 4 | % | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 97,470 | 36 | % | 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 272,380 | 100 | % | 94 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Includes Seabourn Sojourn which is expected to leave the fleet in May 2026.
(b)Includes Costa Fortuna which is expected to leave the fleet in September 2026.
We also have a Cruise Support segment that includes our portfolio of leading port destinations and exclusive islands as well as other services, all of which are operated for the benefit of our cruise brands.
In addition to our cruise operations, we own Holland America Princess Alaska Tours, the leading tour company in Alaska and the Canadian Yukon, which complements our Alaska cruise operations. Our tour company owns and operates hotels, lodges, glass-domed railcars and motorcoaches which comprise our Tour and Other segment.
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II. Ships Under Contract for Construction
As of November 30, 2025, we have a total of seven cruise ships expected to be delivered through 2033. Our ship construction contracts are with Fincantieri in Italy and Meyer Werft in Germany.
| Expected Delivery Date | Passenger Capacity Lower Berth | ||||||||||
| AIDA | |||||||||||
| Newbuild (a) | February 2030 | 4,280 | |||||||||
| Newbuild (a) | December 2031 | 4,280 | |||||||||
| Carnival Cruise Line | |||||||||||
| Carnival Festivale | April 2027 | 5,360 | |||||||||
| Carnival Tropicale | March 2028 | 5,360 | |||||||||
| Newbuild | July 2029 | 6,160 | |||||||||
| Newbuild | July 2031 | 6,160 | |||||||||
| Newbuild | June 2033 | 6,160 | |||||||||
(a)Ships are subject to financing.
III. Descriptions of Cruise Brands
AIDA is the most recognized brand in the German cruise market. Its ships visit many beautiful destinations around the world and bring together people of all ages. AIDA delights guests with excellent service and a variety of extraordinary experiences. The smile on the bow of the ships represents the unique AIDA attitude on life — relaxed, friendly, colorful, cosmopolitan and uncomplicated.
Carnival Cruise Line is “The World’s Most Popular Cruise Line®” and has provided multi-generational family entertainment at exceptional value to its guests for over 50 years. Carnival Cruise Line creates an environment where guests can be their most playful selves on ships that are designed to inspire the experience of bringing people together, with limitless opportunities for guests to create their own fun.
For over 75 years, Costa has brought wonder to guests’ lives, allowing them to discover unique destinations and experiences both onboard and onshore. Costa’s warm hospitality and high-quality onboard services feature a true European touch and Italian passion, setting Costa apart from any other cruise experience.
For 185 years, the iconic Cunard fleet has perfected the timeless art of luxury ocean travel. Cunard’s distinct voyages are meticulously crafted to offer fine dining and bars, unique entertainment, and the famous White Star Service®, comfort and style. A pioneer in transatlantic crossings and World Voyages, its destinations also include Europe, the Caribbean and Alaska.
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For over 150 years, Holland America Line has delivered experiences too good to hurry through —perfecting the art of leisurely travel for guests who seek to explore more than 100 countries and connect with the world and each other. With nearly 80 years of leadership in Alaska, Holland America offers immersive journeys aboard perfectly sized ships, with fresh, locally sourced cuisine, extraordinary entertainment at sea and a tradition of genuine hospitality.
P&O Cruises is Britain’s largest cruise line and its heritage can be traced back over 185 years. P&O Cruises welcomes guests to extraordinary travel experiences designed in a distinctively British way - through a blend of discovery, relaxation and exceptional service catered towards British tastes. P&O Cruises’ fleet of premium ships deliver authentic travel experiences around the world, combining style and quality with a sense of occasion and attention to detail, to create a truly memorable holiday.
For 60 years, Princess Cruises has unlocked the world and inspired discovery through enriching vacations that connect people, places and cultures. Every journey is designed to spark interaction and create unforgettable experiences both onboard and ashore. Guests enjoy the perfect balance of elevated comfort and genuine warmth, where interactions with the Princess crew makes every moment feel personal. With hands-on opportunities to explore and learn, Princess creates unforgettable memories across the most extraordinary destinations on earth.
Seabourn, a leader in ultra-luxury cruising, sails to legendary cities and less-traveled ports. Intimate ships with a yacht-like atmosphere allow guests to discover the unexpected—about the world and about themselves. Guests enjoy all ocean-front suites and world-class gourmet dining as they wish. Seabourn creates moments of surprise and delight known as “Seabourn Moments.” Seabourn’s fleet also includes two ultra-luxury expedition ships purpose-built for immersive and adventurous travel experiences.
IV. Port Destinations and Exclusive Islands
We operate a portfolio of port destinations and exclusive islands enabling us to offer exceptional experiences by creating a wide variety of high-quality destinations that are uniquely tailored to our guests’ preferences. Our port destinations and exclusive islands welcomed 7.4 million guests in 2025 and 6.5 million in 2024. In addition, to secure preferential berth access to third-party ports, we enter into berthing agreements and commitments.
Our portfolio of seven owned or operated ports and destinations includes:
•Amber Cove in the Dominican Republic
•Celebration Key, an exclusive destination in The Bahamas
•Grand Turk Cruise Center in Turks & Caicos
•Isla Tropicale in Roatan, an exclusive destination in Honduras (formerly Mahogany Bay)
•Princess Cays, an exclusive island in The Bahamas
•Puerta Maya in Cozumel, Mexico
•RelaxAway, Half Moon Cay, an exclusive island in The Bahamas
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During 2025, we introduced the Paradise Collection, which currently includes:
Celebration Key, our newly launched exclusive cruise port destination on the southern coast of Grand Bahama Island, officially opened in July 2025. Celebration Key welcomes guests to a stunning beach and offers an abundance of features and amenities for our guests. With a pier extension slated for completion in 2026, Celebration Key will be able to accommodate up to four of our cruise ships simultaneously. Additionally, its strategic location supports our efforts to design more energy efficient itineraries.
RelaxAway, Half Moon Cay, our highly rated and award-winning exclusive Bahamian destination will be enhanced to lean further into this destination’s natural beauty and pristine appeal. In addition to its existing tender operations, RelaxAway, Half Moon Cay will feature a newly constructed pier that is expected to open in the summer of 2026 and will allow two cruise ships to dock.
Isla Tropicale (formerly Mahogany Bay), our port destination in Roatan, Honduras will be expanded in 2026 to include a large pool with a swim up bar and cabanas with additional enhancement plans in the future.
V. Passengers Carried by Principal Source Geographic Areas
| Carnival Corporation & plc Passengers Carried | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | Brands’ Main Source Markets | ||||||||||||||||
| United States and Canada | 8,092 | 7,938 | 7,410 | Carnival Cruise Line, Cunard, Holland America Line, Princess Cruises and Seabourn | ||||||||||||||||
| Continental Europe | 2,754 | 2,702 | 2,590 | AIDA and Costa | ||||||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 1,108 | 1,087 | 970 | Cunard and P&O Cruises | ||||||||||||||||
| Australia and New Zealand | 944 | 1,027 | 940 | Carnival Cruise Line and Princess Cruises | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | 729 | 754 | 550 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 13,627 | 13,509 | 12,460 | |||||||||||||||||
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VI. Cruise Programs
| Carnival Corporation & plc Percentage of Passenger Capacity by Itinerary | |||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Caribbean | 35 | % | 34 | % | 34 | % | |||||||||||
| Europe without Mediterranean | 17 | 16 | 17 | ||||||||||||||
| Mediterranean | 14 | 14 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
| Alaska | 7 | 6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Australia and New Zealand | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 22 | 24 | 23 | ||||||||||||||
| 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||
VII. Cruise Pricing and Payment Terms
Each of our cruise brands establishes pricing for the upcoming seasons which are made available primarily through the internet, although published materials and electronic communications are also used. Prices vary depending on a number of factors, including itinerary, category of guest accommodation, season, duration and brand. We offer a variety of promotions, including early booking, past guest recognition and travel agent programs.
Our bookings are generally taken several months in advance of the cruise departure date. Typically, the longer the cruise itinerary, the further in advance the bookings are made. This lead time allows us to actively manage our prices in relation to guest demand and the number of available cabins through our revenue management capabilities and other initiatives.
The cruise ticket price typically includes the following:
• Accommodations
• Most meals, including snacks at numerous venues
•Access to onboard amenities such as swimming pools, water slides, water parks, whirlpools, a health club and sun decks
• Entertainment, such as theatrical and comedy shows, live music and nightclubs
• Visits to multiple ports, including our portfolio of owned or operated ports and destinations
• Childcare and supervised youth programs
We offer our guests a variety of packages to encourage the advance purchase of certain onboard items. These packages are primarily sold as an incremental bundled package or, for certain of our brands, may be combined with cruise tickets and sold to guests for a single price. These packages may include one or more of the following:
•Beverage packages | •Internet packages | ||||
•Shore excursions | •Photo packages | ||||
•Air and other transportation packages | •Onboard spending credits | ||||
•Specialty restaurants | •Service charges | ||||
Our brands’ payment terms generally require that a guest pay a deposit to confirm their reservation and then pay the balance due before the departure date.
VIII. Seasonality
Our passenger ticket revenues are seasonal. Demand for cruises has been greatest during our third quarter, which includes the Northern Hemisphere summer months. This higher demand during the third quarter results in higher ticket prices and occupancy levels and, accordingly, the largest share of our operating income is typically earned during this period. Our results are also impacted by ships being taken out-of-service for planned maintenance, which we schedule during non-peak seasons. In addition, substantially all of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours’ revenue and operating income is generated from May through September in conjunction with Alaska’s cruise season.
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IX. Onboard and Other Revenues
In 2025, we earned 34% of our cruise revenues from onboard and other revenue goods and services including:
•Beverage sales | •Internet and communication services | ||||
•Casino gaming | •Full-service spas | ||||
•Shore excursions and experiences | •Specialty restaurants | ||||
•Retail sales | •Photo sales | ||||
Many of these goods and services are available for purchase prior to embarkation and can be purchased individually or as a bundled value added package. Onboard and other activities are provided either directly by us or by independent concessionaires, from which we receive either a percentage of their revenues or a fee. Concession revenues do not have direct expenses because the costs and services incurred for concession revenues are borne by our concessionaires.
X. Marketing Activities
Guest feedback and research support the development of our overall marketing and business strategies to drive demand for cruises and increase the number of first-time cruisers. Our goal has always been to increase consumer awareness for cruise vacations and further grow our share of their vacation spend. We proactively gather and evaluate guest feedback about their cruise experiences for valuable insights on key drivers of guest loyalty and satisfaction, with a focus on continuous improvement. We closely monitor our net promoter scores (“NPS”), which reflect the likelihood that our guests will recommend our brands’ cruise products and services to friends and family, including those new-to-cruise.
During 2025, we increased our marketing and advertising programs, driving even greater demand across our world-class cruise lines as well as our portfolio of port destinations and exclusive islands. Each of our cruise lines is focused on creating further brand differentiation and clarity around its unique value proposition, executing on a range of carefully targeted, results-driven marketing and advertising programs to reach its optimal market segment of new and loyal guests and travel agent partners. Among these programs are increasingly effective digital performance marketing and lead generation approaches that have attracted new guests online by leveraging the reach and impact of digital marketing and social media. We have also invested in new marketing technologies to deliver more engaging and personalized communications, further enhancing their effectiveness. Collectively through these programs, we have cultivated cruising advocates creating word-of-mouth demand and preference for our brands, ships, itineraries, including our port destinations and exclusive islands and onboard products and services.
In addition, all of our cruise brands offer guest loyalty and recognition programs that motivate future purchases from our repeat guests. Each brand strategically leverages its catalog of demand-generating rewards and incentives to bring repeat guests back time and again with finely honed offers, such as special fares, onboard activity discounts, complimentary laundry and internet services, expedited ship embarkation and disembarkation and special onboard activities.
XI. Sales Channels
We sell our cruises through travel agents, tour operators, company vacation planners, our websites, customer service agents and onboard future cruise consultants. Our individual cruise brands’ relationships with their travel agent partners are generally independent of each of our other brands. Our travel agents’ relationships are generally not exclusive and travel agents generally receive a base commission, plus the potential of additional commissions, including discounts or complimentary tour conductor cabins, based on the achievement of pre-defined sales terms.
Travel agent partners are an integral part of our long-term cruise distribution network and are critical to our success. We utilize local sales teams to motivate travel agents to support our products and services with competitive pricing, promotional policies and joint marketing and advertising programs. During 2025, no group of travel agencies under common control accounted for 10% or more of our revenues. We also employ a wide variety of educational programs, including websites, seminars and videos, to train agents on our cruise brands and their products and services. In 2025, we held a variety of trainings and educational programs to continue to support and develop our travel agent partners, including ship visits to familiarize our travel agent partners with our products and services.
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All of our brands have internet booking engines to allow travel agents to book our cruises. Additionally, all of our cruise brands have their own consumer websites that provide access to information about their products and services to users and enable their guests to quickly and easily book cruises and other products and services online. These sites interface with our brands’ social networks, blogs and other social media sites, which allow them to develop greater contact and interaction with their guests before, during and after their cruise. We also employ vacation planners and onboard future cruise consultants who support our sales initiatives by offering our guests one-on-one cruise planning expertise and other services.
XII. Suppliers
To provide an exceptional cruise experience for our guests, we source significant quantities of goods and services from a global supply base. In addition, we incur significant capital expenditures for materials to support the refurbishment and enhancements of our vessels as well as to build new ships. We approach our spend strategically and look for suppliers who demonstrate the ability to help us leverage our scale in terms of cost, quality, service, innovation and sustainability. Our supply base is diverse and many of our suppliers provide goods and services across our portfolio of brands. We have continued to map and evaluate risks in our supply chain, including the categories of products and services sourced and their geographic locations.
We strive to build strong relationships with our suppliers based on shared values. Our Business Partner Code of Conduct applies to all of our suppliers and other business partners. It outlines our expectation that our suppliers will respect and follow applicable laws and regulations and promote ethical decisions in all aspects of their business. We also have a Responsible Sourcing Policy (“RSP”) that builds on our Business Partner Code of Conduct and our human rights and environmental practices. The RSP establishes a framework that helps us monitor compliance with our standards. It is designed to ensure that our sourcing practices are aligned with our business priorities, core values and sustainability goals. The RSP also addresses labor, environmental, business ethics, management systems and health and safety risks.
XIII. Human Capital Management and Employees
Our shipboard and shoreside employees are sourced from approximately 150 countries. In 2025, we had an average of 101,000 employees onboard our ships, excluding employees on leave. Our shoreside operations had an annual average of 13,000 full-time and 3,000 part-time/seasonal employees. Holland America Princess Alaska Tours significantly increases its work force during the late spring and summer months in connection with Alaska’s cruise season.
We have entered into agreements with unions covering certain employees on our ships and in our shoreside hotel and transportation operations. The percentages of our shipboard and shoreside employees that are represented by collective bargaining agreements are 48% and 21%, respectively. We consider our employee and union relationships to be strong.
A team of highly motivated and engaged employees is key to providing extraordinary cruise vacations. To facilitate the recruitment, development and retention of our valuable employees, we strive to make Carnival Corporation & plc a workplace that not only attracts top talent but also provides meaningful opportunities for professional growth and development.
a.Talent Development
We are committed to excellence through our comprehensive performance management system that aligns individual contributions with our business priorities and fosters the continuous development of our employees. Our structured approach integrates goal setting, regular check-ins and formal evaluations, enabling both shoreside and shipboard team members to reflect on their growth and receive actionable guidance on performance expectations and career progression. Managers are equipped to conduct fair, consistent assessments that inform compensation, promotion and succession planning, while reinforcing high standards and a culture of continuous improvement across the organization.
We provide our shoreside team members with a variety of training programs and other personal and professional growth opportunities. We invest in leadership development programs designed to foster career growth, build strong leaders and retain top talent for advancement across the organization. Through careful monitoring and evaluation of performance, we cultivate a strong pipeline of experienced leaders who understand the complexities of managing global cruise operations. This systematic approach to talent development allows us to maintain the expertise needed to navigate the unique challenges of the cruise industry while supporting our commitment to sustainable growth and operational excellence. Additionally, we have a shoreside leadership development program to foster a high-performance culture, promote integrity, encourage cross-functional exposure and promote ongoing growth. Our strategic approach to succession is supported by our Boards of Directors and is enhanced by our multi-brand operational structure. This creates opportunities for leadership development across our organization for potential successors to our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”).
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We also invest in our shipboard team members through various specialized training programs. Our maritime training initiatives are particularly crucial, encompassing essential areas such as environmental, health and safety protocols, guest service excellence and operational efficiency. Our Arison Maritime Center—home to the Center for Simulator & Maritime Training Academy (“CSMART”), delivers comprehensive professional maritime training. The state-of-the-art CSMART Academy features the most advanced bridge and engine room simulator technology and equipment available, with the capacity to provide professional training for all our bridge, engineering and environmental officers. CSMART participants benefit from a maritime training experience that fosters advanced knowledge and skills development, critical thinking, problem solving and decision making—all within a professional learning environment that reinforces our core values.
XIV. Ethics and Compliance
We believe a strong ethics and compliance culture is imperative for the success of any company. Our compliance framework includes a Global Ethics and Compliance (“Global E&C”) department, which is led by our Chief Risk and Compliance Officer who leads the effort to promote and monitor a strong ethics and compliance culture throughout the company. The main responsibilities of the Global E&C department are to collaboratively:
•Identify, assess, monitor, prevent, detect and report on ethics and compliance risk
•Ensure compliance accountabilities and responsibilities are clear across the company
•Promote a strong commitment to ethics and compliance
•Drive ethics and compliance continuous improvements
To further heighten the focus on ethics and compliance, our Boards of Directors have Compliance Committees, which oversee the Global E&C department and maintain regular communications with our Chief Risk and Compliance Officer.
XV. Trademarks and Other Intellectual Property
We own, use and/or have registered or licensed numerous trademarks, patents and patent pending designs and technology, copyrights and domain names, which have considerable value and some of which are widely recognized throughout the world. These intangible assets enable us to distinguish our cruise products and services, port destinations and exclusive islands, ships, and programs from those of our competitors. We own or license the trademarks for the trade names of our cruise brands, each of which we believe is a widely-recognized brand in the cruise industry, as well as our ship names and a wide variety of cruise products and services, including our port destinations and exclusive islands.
XVI. Insurance
a.General
We maintain insurance to cover a number of risks associated with owning and operating our vessels and other non-ship related risks. All such insurance policies are subject to coverage limits, exclusions and deductible levels. Insurance premiums are dependent on our own loss experience and the general premium requirements of our insurers. We maintain certain levels of deductibles for substantially all the below-mentioned coverages. We may increase our deductibles to mitigate future premium increases. We do not carry coverage related to loss of earnings or revenues from our ships or other operations.
b.Protection and Indemnity (“P&I”) Coverages
Liabilities, costs and expenses for illness and injury to crew, guest injury, pollution and other third-party claims in connection with our cruise activities are covered by our P&I clubs, which are mutual indemnity associations owned by ship owners.
We are members of three P&I clubs, Gard, Steamship Mutual and UK Club, which are part of a worldwide group of 12 P&I clubs, known as the International Group of P&I Clubs (the “IG”). The IG insures directly, and through broad and established reinsurance markets, a large portion of the world’s shipping fleets. Coverage is subject to the P&I clubs’ rules and the limits of coverage are determined by the IG.
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c.Hull and Machinery Insurance
We maintain insurance on the hull and machinery of each of our ships for reasonable amounts as determined by management. The coverage for hull and machinery is provided by large and well-established international marine insurers. Insurers make it a condition for insurance coverage that a ship be certified as “in class” by a classification society that is a member of the International Association of Classification Societies (“IACS”). All of our ships are routinely inspected and certified to be in class by an IACS member.
d.War Risk Insurance
We use a combination of insurance and self-insurance to cover war risk for legal liability to crew, guests and other third parties as well as loss or damage to our vessels arising from war or war-like actions. Our primary war risk insurance coverage is provided by international marine insurers and our excess war risk insurance is provided by our three P&I clubs. Under the terms of our war risk insurance coverage, which are typical for war risk policies in the marine industry, insurers can give us no less than three days’ notice that the insurance policies will be canceled. However, the policies may be reinstated at different premium rates.
e.Other Insurance
We maintain property insurance covering our shoreside assets and casualty insurance covering liabilities to third parties arising from our hotel and transportation business, shore excursion operations and shoreside operations, including our port and related commercial facilities. We also maintain workers’ compensation, director’s and officer’s liability and other insurance coverages.
XVII. Taxation
A summary of our principal taxes and exemptions in the jurisdictions where our significant operations are located is as follows:
a.U.S. Income Tax
We are primarily foreign corporations engaged in the business of operating cruise ships in international transportation. We also own and operate, among other businesses, the U.S. hotel and transportation business of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours through U.S. corporations.
Our North American cruise ship businesses and certain ship-owning subsidiaries are engaged in a trade or business within the U.S. Depending on its itinerary, any particular ship may generate income from sources within the U.S. We believe that our U.S. source income and the income of our ship-owning subsidiaries, to the extent derived from, or incidental to, the international operation of a ship or ships, is exempt from U.S. federal income and branch profit taxes.
Our domestic U.S. operations, principally the hotel and transportation business of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours, are subject to federal and state income taxation in the U.S.
1.Application of Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code
In general, under Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code, certain non-U.S. corporations (such as our North American cruise ship businesses) are not subject to U.S. federal income tax or branch profits tax on U.S. source income derived from, or incidental to, the international operation of a ship or ships. Applicable U.S. Treasury regulations provide in general that a foreign corporation will qualify for the benefits of Section 883 if, in relevant part, (i) the foreign country in which the foreign corporation is organized grants an equivalent exemption to corporations organized in the U.S. in respect of each category of shipping income for which an exemption is being claimed under Section 883 (an “equivalent exemption jurisdiction”) and (ii) the foreign corporation meets a defined publicly-traded corporation stock ownership test (the “publicly-traded test”). Subsidiaries of foreign corporations that are organized in an equivalent exemption jurisdiction and meet the publicly-traded test also benefit from Section 883. We believe that Panama is an equivalent exemption jurisdiction and that Carnival Corporation currently satisfies the publicly-traded test under the regulations. Accordingly, for fiscal 2025, substantially all of Carnival Corporation’s income is exempt from U.S. federal income and branch profit taxes.
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Regulations under Section 883 list certain activities that the Internal Revenue Service does not consider to be incidental to the international operation of ships and, therefore, the income attributable to such activities, to the extent such income is U.S. sourced, does not qualify for the Section 883 exemption. Among the activities identified as not incidental are income from the sale of air transportation, transfers, shore excursions and pre- and post-cruise land packages to the extent earned from sources within the U.S.
2.Exemption Under Applicable Income Tax Treaties
We believe that the U.S. sourced transportation income earned by Carnival plc and its subsidiaries qualifies for exemption from U.S. federal income tax under applicable bilateral U.S. income tax treaties.
Additionally, beginning in fiscal 2026, we believe the U.S. sourced transportation income earned by Carnival Corporation and our other North American cruise ship businesses will qualify for exemption from U.S. federal income tax under provisions of the U.S.-UK income tax treaty.
3.U.S. State Income Tax
Carnival Corporation, Carnival plc and certain subsidiaries are subject to various U.S. state income taxes generally imposed on each state’s portion of the U.S. source income subject to U.S. federal income taxes. However, the state of Alaska imposes an income tax on its allocated portion of the total income of our companies doing business in Alaska and certain of their subsidiaries.
b.UK Income Tax
Cunard and P&O Cruises are divisions of Carnival plc and have elected to enter the UK tonnage tax regime under a rolling eight-year term and, accordingly, reapply every year. Companies to which the tonnage tax regime applies pay corporation taxes on profits calculated by reference to the net tonnage of qualifying ships. UK corporation tax is not chargeable under the normal UK tax rules on these brands’ relevant shipping income. Relevant shipping income includes income from the operation of qualifying ships and from shipping related activities.
For a company to be eligible for the regime, it must be subject to UK corporation tax and, among other matters, operate qualifying ships that are strategically and commercially managed in the UK. Companies within the UK tonnage tax regime are also subject to a seafarer training requirement.
Our UK non-shipping activities that do not qualify under the UK tonnage tax regime remain subject to normal UK corporation tax.
c.Italian and German Income Tax
In December 2024, the European Commission formally approved the Italian tonnage tax rules for 10 years. In 2025, AIDA and Costa elected to remain in the Italian tonnage tax regime through 2034. Companies to which the tonnage tax regime applies pay corporation taxes on shipping profits calculated by reference to the net tonnage of qualifying ships.
Our non-shipping activities that do not qualify under the Italian tonnage tax regime remain subject to normal Italian corporation tax.
Substantially all of AIDA’s earnings are exempt from German income taxes by virtue of the Germany/Italy income tax treaty.
d. Global Minimum Tax
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) issued Model Rules for implementation of a 15% minimum tax for multinational enterprises as part of its initiative intended to address the tax challenges arising from globalization. Subject to certain requirements, the OECD Model Rules provide an exclusion for international shipping income.
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Carnival plc and its subsidiaries became subject to these rules beginning in fiscal 2025 and Carnival Corporation and its subsidiaries will be subject to the rules beginning in fiscal 2026. Carnival plc and its subsidiaries are eligible for the international shipping income exclusion based on their current structure. Effective December 1, 2025, Carnival Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries aligned into a single tax jurisdiction with Carnival plc. As a result, we do not believe the application of these rules will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We will continue to monitor the development of the OECD’s rules and evaluate the impact on our business.
e. Other
In addition to or in place of income taxes, virtually all jurisdictions where our ships call impose taxes, fees and other charges based on guest counts, ship tonnage, passenger capacity or some other measure.
XVIII. Governmental and Other Regulations
a. Maritime Regulations
1. General
Our ships are regulated by numerous international, national, state and local laws, regulations, treaties and other legal requirements, as well as voluntary agreements, which govern health, environmental, safety and security matters in relation to our guests, crew and ships. These requirements change frequently, depending on the itineraries of our ships and the ports and countries visited. If we violate or fail to comply with any of these laws, regulations, treaties and other requirements, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. We are committed to complying with, or exceeding, all relevant requirements.
The primary regulatory bodies that establish maritime laws and requirements applicable to our ships include:
•The International Maritime Organization (“IMO”): All of our ships, and the maritime industry as a whole, are subject to the maritime safety, security and environmental regulations established by the IMO, a specialized agency of the United Nations. The IMO’s principal sets of requirements are mandated through its International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (“SOLAS”), its International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (“MARPOL”) and its International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (“STCW”).
•Flag States: Our ships are registered, or flagged, in The Bahamas, Bermuda, Italy, the Netherlands, Panama and the UK, which are also referred to as Flag States. Our ships are regulated by these Flag States through international conventions that govern, among other things, health, environmental, safety and security matters in relation to our guests, crew and ships. Representatives of each Flag State conduct periodic inspections, surveys and audits to verify compliance with these requirements.
•Ship classification societies: Class certification is one of the necessary documents required for our ships to be flagged in a specific country, obtain liability insurance and legally operate as passenger cruise ships. Our ships are subject to periodic class surveys, including dry-dock inspections, by ship classification societies to verify that our ships have been maintained in accordance with the rules of the classification societies and that recommended repairs have been satisfactorily completed. Dry-dock frequency is a statutory requirement mandated by SOLAS.
•National, regional, and other authorities: We are subject to the decrees, directives, regulations, and requirements of Australia, Canada, the European Union (“EU”), New Zealand, the UK, the U.S., other countries, and many other authorities, including ports that our ships visit.
•Port regulatory authorities (Port State Control): Our ships are also subject to inspection by port regulatory authorities, which are also referred to as Port State Control, in the various countries that they visit. Such inspections include verification of compliance with the maritime safety, security, environmental, customs, immigration, health and labor requirements applicable to each port, as well as with regional, national and international requirements. Many countries have joined together to form regional Port State Control authorities.
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Our Boards of Directors have Health, Environment, Safety and Security (“HESS”) Committees, which were comprised of five independent directors as of November 30, 2025. The principal function of the HESS Committees is to assist the boards in fulfilling their responsibility to supervise and monitor our health, environmental, safety, security and sustainability policies, programs and initiatives at sea and ashore and compliance with related legal and regulatory requirements. The HESS Committees and our management team review significant HESS relevant risks or exposures and associated mitigating actions.
We are committed to implementing appropriate measures to manage identified risks effectively. We have a Chief Maritime Officer to oversee our global maritime operations, including maritime policy, maritime affairs, maritime standards, training, shipbuilding, asset management, health operations, research and development and global port operations. In addition, we have a Chief Risk and Compliance Officer who leads efforts to promote and monitor a strong ethics and compliance culture throughout the company, including all areas of HESS.
To help ensure that we are compliant with legal and regulatory requirements and that these areas of our business operate in an efficient and effective manner, we have taken certain actions including, but not limited to:
•Providing regular health, environmental, safety and security support, training, guidance and information to guests, team members and others working on our behalf
•Performing regular shoreside and shipboard audits and taking appropriate action when deficiencies are identified
•Developing, reviewing, and working to improve policies and procedures designed to prevent, detect, respond and correct various regulatory and other violations
•Supporting a comprehensive HESS incident investigation program that is designed to prevent re-occurrence, promote learning, and support continuous improvement
2. Maritime Safety Regulations
The IMO has safety standards as part of SOLAS. To help ensure guest and crew safety, SOLAS establishes requirements for the following:
•Vessel design and structural features | •Life-saving and other equipment | ||||
•Construction and materials | •Fire protection and detection | ||||
•Refurbishment standards | •Safe management and operation | ||||
•Radio communications | •Musters | ||||
SOLAS requires implementation of the International Safety Management Code (“ISM Code”), which provides an international standard for the safe management and operation of our ships and for pollution prevention. All our ships are regularly audited by various national authorities, and we are required to maintain the relevant ISM Code compliance certificates.
3. Maritime Security Regulations
Our ships are subject to numerous security requirements. These requirements include the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code, which is part of SOLAS, the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, which addresses U.S. port and waterway security and the U.S. Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act of 2010, which applies to all of our ships that embark or disembark passengers in the U.S. These regulations include requirements as to the following:
•Implementation of specific security measures, including onboard installation of a ship security alert system
•Assessment of vessel security
•Efforts to identify and deter security threats
•Training, drills and exercises
•Security plans that may include guest, vehicle and baggage screening procedures, security patrols, establishment of restricted areas, personnel identification procedures, access control measures and installation of surveillance equipment
•Establishment of procedures and policies for reporting and managing allegations of crimes
4. Maritime Environmental Regulations
We are subject to numerous international, multi-national, national, state and local environmental laws, regulations and treaties that govern air emissions, waste management, and the storage, handling, use and disposal of hazardous substances such as oils, chemicals, solvents and paints.
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As a means of managing and improving our environmental performance and compliance, we adhere to standards set by the International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”), an international standard-setting body, which produces worldwide industrial and commercial standards. The environmental management system of our company and ships is certified in accordance with ISO 14001, the environmental management standard that was developed to help organizations manage the environmental impacts of their processes, products and services.
i. International Regulations
The principal international convention governing marine pollution prevention and response is MARPOL.
a. Preventing and Minimizing Pollution
MARPOL contains requirements designed to prevent and minimize both accidental and operational pollution by oil, sewage, garbage and air emissions and the provision of facilities at ports and terminals for the reception of sewage and sets forth specific requirements related to vessel operations, equipment, recordkeeping and reporting that are designed to prevent and minimize pollution. All our ships must carry an International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate, an International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate, an International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate and a Garbage Management Plan. Administrative, civil and criminal penalties may be assessed for violations. The ship’s Flag State issues these certificates, which evidence their compliance with the MARPOL regulations regarding prevention of pollution by oil, sewage, garbage and air emissions.
MARPOL’s requirements for air emissions from vessels are designed to reduce emissions of sulfur oxides (“SOx”), nitrogen oxides (“NOx”), particulate matter and GHG emissions.
b. Sulfur Emissions
The IMO has a global 0.5% sulfur cap for marine fuel. The options to comply with this sulfur cap include the installation and use of Advanced Air Quality Systems, or the use of low sulfur or alternative fuels.
MARPOL further specifies requirements for Emission Control Areas (“ECAs”) with stricter limitations on sulfur emissions content in these areas, requiring ships to use fuel with a sulfur content of no more than 0.1%, or to use alternative emission reduction methods, such as Advanced Air Quality Systems.
We have Advanced Air Quality Systems on most of our ships, which are aiding in compliance with the applicable sulfur requirements. We use Advanced Air Quality Systems wherever possible subject to local laws and regulations.
c. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The IMO has established technical and operational measures for all ships that are intended to improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions from international shipping. The technical measures apply to the design of new vessels and the operational measures apply to all vessels.
The IMO mandates a data collection system for reporting fuel oil consumption. In 2023, MARPOL changes in support of the IMO’s GHG emission reduction goals went into effect and include an operational measure called the Carbon Intensity Indicator (“CII”), an annual ship-level CO2 intensity emissions performance measure, and a technical measure called the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (“EEXI”), a one-off measure similar to the Energy Efficiency Design Index (“EEDI”) for newbuilds, that confirms for a specific condition that a ship meets a target CO2 emission intensity. The EEXI has not had a material impact and the impact for CII is uncertain as it remains under review and the enforcement mechanism of the regulation is still to be defined. The IMO’s 2023 Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships (“IMO Strategy”) strives to peak GHG emissions from international shipping as soon as possible and to reach net zero GHG emissions on a well-to-wake basis by or around 2050. The IMO Strategy includes checkpoints in 2030 and 2040 that seek reductions in the absolute GHG emissions from international shipping by at least 20% and 70%, respectively, compared to 2008. It also includes a target of a 40% reduction in CO2 emissions intensity by 2030 compared to 2008.
In April 2025, the IMO drafted the Net Zero Framework, a set of fuel standards and market-based measures that could result in increased compliance-related costs, which may have a material impact on our profitability. In October 2025, IMO member states voted to postpone the adoption discussions until late 2026. The one-year postponement introduces additional uncertainty regarding its likelihood for adoption and its final form.
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d. Ballast Water
Ballast water is water used to stabilize ships at sea and maintain safe operating conditions throughout a voyage. The IMO’s Ballast Water Management Convention governs the discharge of ballast water from ships, establishes ballast water management practices for environmental protection and requires the installation of ballast water management systems for existing ships. The convention also sets requirements for ballast water exchange, record keeping, and maintaining an approved Ballast Water Management Plan.
ii. U.S. Federal and State Regulations
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA 90”) established a comprehensive federal liability regime, as well as prevention and response requirements, relating to discharges of oil in U.S. waters. We are required to maintain Certificates of Financial Responsibility (“COFR”) that demonstrate our financial responsibility up to the liability limits set by OPA 90 and having oil spill response plans in place. It is possible, however, for our liability limits to be broken, which could expose us to unlimited liability. Coastal states also impose liabilities and requirements beyond those imposed under federal law. Some of these state laws impose unlimited liability for oil spills and contain more stringent financial responsibility and contingency planning requirements. Most coastal states have also enacted environmental regulations that impose strict liability for removal costs and damages resulting from a discharge of oil or a release of a hazardous substance.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) has the authority to regulate incidental discharges from commercial vessels, including discharges of ballast water, bilge water, gray water, anti-fouling paints and other substances during normal operations within the regulated waters. For our affected ships, the incidental discharge requirements are set forth in EPA’s Vessel General Permit (“VGP”), which establishes effluent limits for specific discharges incidental to the normal operation of a vessel. In addition to the requirements associated with these discharges and more stringent vessel-specific requirements, the VGP includes requirements for inspections, monitoring, reporting and record-keeping.
In 2018, the Vessel Incidental Discharge Act (“VIDA”) was signed into law and was intended to clarify and streamline discharge requirements for the incidental discharges covered by the VGP and U.S. Coast Guard (“USCG”) ballast water regulations. Until the USCG regulations are final, effective and enforceable, vessels continue to be subject to the existing discharge requirements established in the VGP and the USCG’s ballast water regulations, as well as any other applicable state and local government requirements.
There are a number of National Marine Sanctuaries and Marine National Monuments in force, some of which are transited through by our ships. Each area is governed by site-specific requirements that prohibit most discharges from ships.
The state of Alaska requires permitting for certain discharges from cruise ships in designated Alaskan waters. Further, the state of Alaska requires that certain discharges be reported and monitored to verify compliance with standards and repeat violators of the regulations could be prohibited from operating in Alaskan waters. Environmental regimes in Alaska are more stringent than the U.S. federal requirements with regard to discharges from vessels. The state of California also has environmental requirements significantly more stringent than federal requirements for water discharges and air emissions.
iii. EU, EU Member State and UK Regulations
The EU has adopted a broad range of substantial environmental measures aimed at improving the quality of the environment and has directives on environmental liability and enforcement and a recommendation providing for minimum criteria for environmental inspections.
The European Commission’s (“EC”) strategy is to reduce emissions from ships. The EC strategy seeks to implement SOx Emission Control Areas set out in MARPOL.
The EC has also implemented regulations aimed at reducing GHG emissions from maritime shipping through a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification regulation, which involves collecting emissions data from ships over 5,000 gross tons to monitor and report GHG emissions on all voyages to, from and between European Union ports.
The EU adopted a series of significant reforms as a part of its Fit for 55 package to meet its 2030 emissions reduction goal. The main instruments for reducing emissions are the Emissions Trading System (“ETS”), FuelEU Maritime regulation and the Energy Taxation Directive (“ETD”) as well as amendments to the alternative fuels infrastructure and renewable energy directives.
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The ETS regulates emissions through a “cap and trade” principle, where a cap is set on the total amount of certain emissions that can be emitted. The maritime shipping sector became included in the scope of ETS in 2024, requiring ships to procure emission allowances covering 40% of their 2024 emissions inside EU waters to surrender in 2025, 70% of 2025 emissions to be surrendered in 2026 and 100% of annual emissions thereafter, to be surrendered in the following year. The cost of the EU ETS regulations in 2025 was $91 million and it is expected to be approximately $170 million in 2026. In addition, the UK plans to include domestic legs and port calls of ships engaged in international voyages under its national ETS beginning in July 2026. We do not expect complying with the UK’s national ETS for domestic shipping to have a material impact on our profitability in 2026.
The FuelEU Maritime regulation, which became effective in January 2025, is a framework designed to reduce maritime emissions by increasing the use of sustainable alternative fuels and, for container and passenger ships (including cruise ships), the use of shore power. The regulation requires compliance with the maximum limits of GHG intensity of energy used on board. The stringency of these limits increases over time, and there are financial penalties for non-compliance.
The ETD is a framework for the taxation of energy products and sets minimum rates of excise duty to encourage a low carbon economy. Proposed amendments to the ETD will introduce new tax rates based on the energy content and environmental impact rather than volume. If adopted, these amendments will also widen the directive to include maritime fuels, which were previously exempt. To date, there is no timeline for adoption of these amendments.
5. Maritime Health Regulations
We are committed to providing a healthy environment for all of our guests and crew. We collaborate with public health inspection programs throughout the world, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S. and the SHIPSAN Project in the EU, to ensure that development of these programs leads to enhanced health and hygiene onboard our ships. Through our collaborative efforts, we work with the authorities to develop and revise guidelines, review plans and conduct on-site inspections for all newbuilds and significant ship renovations. We work closely with governments and health authorities around the world to ensure that our health and safety protocols comply with the requirements of each location. In addition, we continue to maintain our ships by meeting, and often exceeding, applicable public health guidelines and requirements, complying with inspections, reporting communicable illnesses and conducting regular crew training and guest education programs.
6. Maritime Labor Regulations
The International Labor Organization develops and oversees international labor standards and includes a broad range of requirements, such as the definition of a seafarer, minimum age of seafarers, medical certificates, recruitment practices, training, repatriation, food, recreational facilities, health and welfare, hours of work and rest, accommodations, wages and entitlements.
The STCW, as amended, establishes additional minimum standards relating to training, including security training, certification and watchkeeping for our seafarers.
b. Other Governmental Regulations
Compliance with GHG regulations and the associated potential cost is complicated by the fact that various countries and regions are following different approaches to climate-related regulations.
In most countries where we source the majority of our guests, we are required to establish financial responsibility, such as obtaining a guarantee from stable financial institutions and insurance companies, to satisfy liability in cases of our non-performance of obligations to our guests. The amount of financial responsibility varies by jurisdiction based on the amount mandated by the applicable local legislation, regulatory agency or association.
In Australia and most of Europe, we may be obligated to honor our guests’ cruise payments made by them to their travel agents and tour operators regardless of whether we receive these payments.
We are, or may in the future become, subject to other laws and regulations which require our compliance, including those addressing antitrust, anti-money laundering, bribery, corruption, data privacy, human rights, securities and sanctions, reporting on sustainability matters, as well as human resources related matters.
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XIX. Sustainability
Sustainability forms an important element of our business strategy. Our efforts to promote the safety and well-being of our guests and crew, protect the environment, create opportunities for our workforce, build strong relationships and support the communities we operate in and visit, reflect our core values and are key to our long-term success.
In 2021, we established sustainability goals for 2030, building on the momentum of our successful achievement of our 2020 sustainability goals. During 2024, we conducted a comprehensive review of our 2030 sustainability goals to align with our ongoing progress. This review resulted in strategic refinements to our sustainability roadmap, including the revision of existing goals, establishment of new targets and retirement of previously achieved goals. As part of the process, we also reorganized our sustainability focus areas into two overarching themes, People and Planet. Our People focus areas include – Well-Being, Inclusion and Belonging and Sustainable Tourism. Our Planet focus areas include – Climate Action, Circular Economy and Biodiversity and Conservation.
In addition to our 2030 goals, we are pursuing our aspiration of net zero emissions from ship operations by 2050. Achieving this goal will require energy sources and technologies that do not yet exist at scale. While fossil fuels are currently the only scalable and commercially viable option for our industry, we are closely monitoring technology developments and pioneering important sustainability initiatives in the cruise industry. Additionally, to provide a path to net zero emissions, alternative low GHG emission fuels will be necessary for the maritime industry; however, there are significant supply and cost challenges that must be resolved before viability is reached. Without clarity on low and zero carbon fuel availability, we are not currently able to make absolute emissions reduction commitments along a prescribed timeline. In our view, a commitment to achieve an absolute greenhouse gas emission reduction pathway without a clear understanding of how this will be achieved is not aligned with our approach to goal setting. While we continue to pursue our aspiration of net zero emissions from ship operations, our defined goals and targets are set based on feasible, achievable, and available pathways based on existing and emerging technologies, available fuel alternatives and proven infrastructure.
We voluntarily publish Sustainability Reports that address governance, stakeholder engagement, environmental, labor, human rights, society, product responsibility, economic and other sustainability-related issues and performance indicators. These reports are not incorporated in this document and can be viewed at www.carnivalcorp.com and www.carnivalplc.com.
D. Website Access to Carnival Corporation & plc SEC Reports
We use our websites for the distribution of company information. Our Form 10-K, joint Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, joint Current Reports on Form 8-K, joint Proxy Statement related to our annual shareholders meeting, Section 16 filings and all amendments to those reports are available free of charge at www.carnivalcorp.com and www.carnivalplc.com and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov as soon as reasonably practicable after we have electronically filed or furnished these reports with the SEC. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information when you enroll your email address by visiting the Investor Services section of our websites. The content of any website referred to in this document is not incorporated by reference into this document.
E. Industry and Market Data
This document includes market share and industry data and forecasts that we obtained from industry publications, other third-party information and internal company surveys. Industry publications, including those from Cruise Industry News, and surveys and forecasts, generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Cruise Industry News is a for profit magazine company that covers all aspects of cruise operations. Their magazines and annual report cover all cruise lines and shipyards and report on all aspects of cruise operations including relevant issues, financial results, shipbuilding, ship reviews, etc. All other references to third-party information are publicly available at nominal or no cost. We use the most currently available industry and market data to support statements as to our market positions. Although we believe that the industry publications and third-party sources are reliable, we have not independently verified any of the data. Similarly, while we believe our internal estimates with respect to our industry are reliable, they have not been verified by any independent sources. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding any industry data presented herein, our estimates, in particular as they relate to market share and our general expectations, involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors and Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in this Form 10-K.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors.
You should carefully consider the following discussion of material factors, events and uncertainties that make an investment in the company’s securities risky and provide important information for the understanding of the “forward-looking” statements discussed in this Form 10-K and elsewhere. These risk factors should be read in conjunction with other information in this Form 10-K.
The events and consequences discussed in these risk factors could have a material adverse effect on the company’s business, financial condition, operating results and stock price. These risk factors do not identify all risks that the company faces; operations could also be affected by factors, events, or uncertainties that are not presently known to the company or that the company currently does not consider to present material risks to its operations. Some of the factors, events and contingencies discussed below may have occurred in the past and reflect our beliefs and opinions as to the factors, events or contingencies that could materially and adversely affect us in the future.
Some of the statements in this item and elsewhere in this document are “forward-looking statements.” For a discussion of those statements and of other factors to consider see the “Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results” section.
The ordering and lettering of the risk factors set forth below is not intended to reflect any company indication of priority or likelihood.
Operational Risk Factors
a.Events and conditions around the world, including geopolitical uncertainty, war and other military actions, pandemics, inflation, higher interest rates and other general concerns impacting the ability or desire of people to travel could lead to a decline in demand for cruises as well as have significant negative impacts on our financial condition and operations.
We have been, and may continue to be, impacted by the public’s concerns regarding the health, safety and security of travel, including pandemics, government travel advisories and travel restrictions, political instability and civil unrest, terrorist attacks, war and military action and other general concerns. The resulting impacts of these events, including a pause of our guest cruise operations, supply chain disruptions, impact on demand for cruises to neighboring regions and international sanctions and other measures that have been imposed, have significantly adversely affected, and may in the future significantly adversely affect, our business. These factors may also have the effect of heightening many other risks to our business, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Additionally, we have been, and may continue to be, impacted by heightened regulations around customs and border control, travel bans to and from certain geographical areas, voluntary changes to our itineraries in light of geopolitical events, government policies increasing the difficulty of travel and limitations on issuing international travel visas. We may be impacted by adverse changes in the perceived or actual economic climate, such as inflation, global or regional recessions, higher unemployment and underemployment rates and declines in income levels.
b. Incidents concerning our ships, guests or the cruise industry may negatively impact the satisfaction of our guests and crew and lead to reputational damage.
Our operations involve the risk of incidents and media coverage thereof. Such incidents include, but are not limited to, the improper operation or maintenance of ships, motorcoaches and trains; guest and crew illnesses; mechanical failures, fires and collisions; repair delays, groundings and navigational errors; oil spills and other maritime and environmental issues as well as other incidents at sea, while in port or on land, which have in the past and may in the future generate negative publicity or cause voyage disruptions or changes in itineraries, guest and crew discomfort, injury, or death. Additionally, with the increased use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) and social media, adverse publicity, even if unfounded, has been and can continue to be disseminated quickly and broadly without context, making it increasingly difficult for us to effectively respond. Although our commitment to the safety and comfort of our guests and crew is paramount to the success of our business, our ships have been involved in outbreaks, accidents and other incidents in the past and we may experience similar or other incidents in the future. Our ability to attract and retain the loyalty of our guests, our ability to hire and the amounts we must pay our crew depend, in part, upon the perception and reputation of our company and our brands and the public’s concerns regarding the health and safety of travel generally, as well as the cruising industry and our ships specifically. In addition, these and any other events which impact the travel industry more generally may negatively impact our guests’ and/or crew’s ability or desire to travel to or from our ships and/or interrupt the supply of critical goods and services.
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c. Adverse weather conditions or an increase in the frequency and/or severity of adverse weather conditions could have a material impact on our business and results of operations.
Our cruise ships, hotels, land tours, port destinations and exclusive islands, shore excursions and our guest source markets have been and may continue to be impacted by adverse weather or other natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, fires, tornadoes, tsunamis, typhoons and volcanic eruptions. For example, adverse weather or other natural disasters have impacted and may in the future impact the sourcing of our guests from affected regions. In addition, the reliability of air transportation, which our guests depend on to transport them to or from the airports near the ports where our cruises embark and disembark have been and may continue to be impacted by adverse weather events. The frequency and intensity of certain adverse weather patterns may also increase in the future. The increased hurricane/typhoon intensity and frequency, as well as changes in global temperatures and sea levels, may adversely impact our shoreside facilities, our investments in port destinations and exclusive islands or the availability or desirability of ports and destinations in which we operate. We have been forced to, and in the future may be forced to, alter itineraries, including diverting from our port destinations and exclusive islands, or cancel a cruise or a series of cruises or tours due to these or other types of disruptions. Additionally, our increasing itineraries and investments in port destinations and exclusive islands in the Caribbean region may further expose us to adverse weather conditions. These effects may also disrupt the supply of critical goods and services to our facilities and ships. Any of these events could have a material impact on our business and profitability.
d. Our targets, goals, aspirations, initiatives, public statements and disclosures, including those related to sustainability matters, may expose us to risks that may adversely impact our business.
We have developed and will continue to establish targets, goals, aspirations, and other objectives, including those related to sustainability matters (“sustainability objectives”), which reflect our current plans and do not constitute a guarantee that they will be achieved. Our efforts to research, establish, develop methodologies and timelines, accomplish, and accurately report on our sustainability objectives expose us to numerous operational, reputational, financial, legal, and other risks, any of which could have a negative impact on our business. Our ability to achieve any of our stated sustainability objectives, particularly with respect to our environmental emissions aspirations, is subject to numerous factors and conditions, many of which are outside of our control. Examples of such factors include the availability and costs of low- or non-GHG emission energy sources and technology that do not yet exist at scale for our industry, evolving regulatory requirements affecting sustainability standards or disclosures, the availability of future financing and the availability of suppliers that can meet our sustainability standards. Certain sustainability and emissions-related actions and investments we make today may not lead us to achieving our intended future goals or may not be favorably perceived in future years based on continuing evolving regulations and perceptions around effective emissions mitigation strategies and technologies.
e. Cybersecurity incidents and data privacy breaches, as well as disruptions and other damages to our principal and other offices, information technology operations and system networks and failure to keep pace with developments in technology may adversely impact our business operations, the satisfaction of our guests and crew and may lead to fines, penalties and reputational damage.
We have been and may continue to be impacted by cybersecurity incidents and data privacy breaches, which occur from time to time. These malicious attacks can vary in scope and aim to disrupt or compromise our shoreside and shipboard operations by targeting our key operating systems or those of our third-party service providers. Breach or circumvention of our systems or the systems of third parties, including by ransomware or malware, through vulnerabilities in licensed software or hardware, AI impersonation, targeted and coordinated attacks of our systems, or as a result of other attacks, have led to and may continue to lead to disruptions in our business operations; unauthorized access to (or the loss of company access to) competitively sensitive, confidential or other critical data (including sensitive financial, medical or other personal or business information) or systems; loss of customers; financial losses; regulatory investigations, enforcement actions, fines and penalties; litigation; reputational damage; and misuse or corruption of critical data and proprietary information, any of which could be material. The sophistication of these attacks has continued to increase in recent years and the rapid evolution and growing adoption of AI technologies by various threat actors may enhance their ability to conduct attacks which are more difficult to prevent, detect or remediate. Additionally, integrating AI into our operations may increase our cybersecurity and data privacy risks. We also have and may continue to rely on third parties in helping us manage our cybersecurity risk management processes. Any measures that we take and such third parties take to avoid, detect, mitigate or recover from material cybersecurity threats or incidents can be expensive, and may be insufficient, circumvented, or may become ineffective.
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Our physical work locations, including those that house our information technology operations, system networks and various other remote locations may be impacted by actual or threatened natural disasters (for example, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, fires, tornadoes, tsunamis and typhoons) or other disruptive events. Our maritime and/or shoreside operations, including our ability to manage our inventory of cabins held for sale and set pricing, control costs and serve our guests, depends on the reliability of our information technology operations and system networks, as well as our ability to refine and update to more advanced systems and technologies. In addition, we may be unable to obtain appropriate technology in a timely manner or at all or we may incur significant costs in doing so. A failure to adopt the appropriate technology, including AI, or a failure, disruption or obsolescence in the technology that we do adopt, could have adverse effects on our business.
f. Our debt requires a significant amount of cash to service and our ability to generate sufficient cash depends on many factors, some of which may be beyond our control. Our financial condition and operations could be adversely impacted if we are unable to service our debt or satisfy our covenants.
Our ability to meet our debt service obligations depends on our future operating and financial performance and our ability to generate cash. This will be affected by our ability to successfully continue to execute on our business strategy and by general economic, financial, geopolitical, competitive, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. If we cannot generate sufficient cash to meet our debt service obligations, we may not be able to satisfy our obligations or refinance such obligations on attractive terms, or at all.
If we breach the covenants or restrictions in our debt instruments, we could trigger a default under the terms of certain of our debt instruments. If that occurs, we may be required to seek covenant amendments or the relevant creditors could elect to declare the debt due and payable (or cancel any unfunded commitments, if applicable) and proceed against the collateral, if any, securing that debt. Borrowings under our other debt instruments that contain cross-default provisions may also be accelerated or become payable on demand, and our assets may not be sufficient to repay such indebtedness in full. Despite our leverage, we may incur more debt in the future.
g. Increases in fuel costs, changes in the types of fuel consumed and availability of fuel supply may adversely impact our scheduled itineraries and costs.
We have been and may continue to be impacted by economic, market and political conditions around the world, regulatory requirements including emissions-related regulations, supply disruptions and related infrastructure needs, which make it difficult to predict the future cost and availability of fuel. The supply and availability of different fuel types in various markets in which we operate have in the past and may in the future experience increased volatility and lead to increased fuel costs and reduced profitability. Emission penalties and the costs of compliant fuels may also increase our energy costs. Future increases in the global price of fuel would increase the cost of our cruise ship operations as well as some of our other expenses, such as crew travel, freight and commodity prices. Increases in airfares, such as those resulting from increases in the cost of fuel, have in the past and may in the future increase our guests’ overall vacation costs and reduce demand for cruises, as many of our guests depend on airlines to transport them to or from the airports near the ports where our cruises embark and disembark. Refer to Compliance and Regulatory Risk Factor “b.” for additional discussion on emissions-related regulation changes on fuel costs.
h. The loss of key team members, our inability to recruit or retain qualified shoreside and shipboard team members and increased labor costs could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our success depends, in large part, on the skills and contributions of our team members, and on our ability to recruit, develop and retain high quality team members. We may not be successful in recruiting, developing or retaining key or other highly qualified team members. At times we have, and may in the future continue to, experience difficulty in hiring sufficient qualified team members, due to general macroeconomic factors, regulatory changes and/or increasingly competitive labor markets.
In addition, we hire a significant number of qualified shipboard team members each year and, thus, our ability to adequately recruit, develop and retain these individuals is important to our success. Incidents involving cruise ships, including disease outbreaks on our ships and increasing demand as a result of the industry’s projected growth could negatively impact our ability to recruit, develop and retain sufficient qualified shipboard team members.
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i. We rely on suppliers who are integral to the operations of our businesses. These suppliers and service providers may be unable to deliver on their commitments, which could negatively impact our business.
We rely on suppliers to deliver key products and services to the operations of our businesses around the world. Any event impacting a supplier’s ability to deliver quality goods and services at the location and time needed could negatively impact our ability to operate our business. Events impacting our supply chain could be caused by factors beyond the control of our suppliers or us, including labor actions, increased demand, problems in production or distribution and/or disruptions in third-party logistics, information technology or transportation systems. In addition, global events in recent years have resulted in widespread global supply chain disruptions to suppliers including critical supply chain shortages, labor shortages, significant material cost inflation and extended lead times for items that are required for our operations. Any such interruptions to our supply chain could increase our costs and could limit the availability of products critical to our operations.
j. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely impact our financial results.
We earn revenues, pay expenses, purchase and own assets and incur liabilities in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Additionally, our shipbuilding contracts are typically denominated in euros. Movements in foreign currency exchange rates, which at times have been volatile, will affect our financial results.
k. Our investments in port destinations and exclusive islands may expose us to additional risks.
We continue to invest in expanding and enhancing our portfolio of port destinations and exclusive islands, which could increase our exposure to certain risks. These risks include susceptibility to weather events, exposure to local political/regulatory developments and policies, logistical challenges, human resource and labor risks, safety, environmental and health risks.
l. Overcapacity and competition in the cruise and land-based vacation industry may negatively impact our cruise sales, pricing and destination options.
We have been and may in the future be impacted by increases in capacity in the cruise and land-based vacation industry, which may result in capacity growth beyond demand, either globally or for a region, or for a particular itinerary. We face competition from other cruise brands on the basis of overall experience, destinations, types and sizes of ships and cabins, travel agent partner preferences and value. In addition, we may fail to sufficiently invest in or upgrade our existing cruise ships and other assets to meet the expectations of current and potential guests. We also compete with land-based vacation alternatives throughout the world on the basis of overall experience, destinations and value.
In addition, certain ports and destinations have faced a surge of both cruise and non-cruise tourism and in certain destinations, countermeasures to limit the number of tourists have been proposed or contemplated and/or put into effect, including limits on cruise ships and cruise guests. Potential restrictions in ports and destinations could limit the itinerary and destination options we can offer our guests going forward. Additionally, certain ports have increased or are proposing to increase cruise related fees and taxes which may impact our profitability.
m. Inability to implement our shipbuilding programs and ship repairs, maintenance and refurbishments may adversely impact our business operations and the satisfaction of our guests.
There are a limited number of shipyards with the capability and capacity to build, repair, maintain and/or upgrade our ships, which may limit our ability to meet our capacity growth or ship refurbishment objectives. In addition, we have in the past and may in the future be impacted by unforeseen events, such as work stoppages, supply chain issues, insolvencies, “force majeure” events or other financial difficulties experienced by shipyards, their subcontractors and our suppliers. This may result in less shipyard availability resulting in delays or preventing the delivery of our ships under construction and/or the completion of the repair, maintenance or refurbishment of our existing ships. This may lead to potential delays or cancellations of cruises. Additionally, the prices of various commodities that are used in the construction of ships and for repair, maintenance and refurbishment of existing ships, such as steel, are subject to volatility which may increase our costs.
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Compliance and Regulatory Risk Factors
a. Changes in and non-compliance with laws and regulations under which we operate, such as those relating to health, environment, safety and security, data privacy and protection, anti-money laundering, anti-corruption, economic sanctions, trade protection measures, labor and employment, and tax may be costly and lead to litigation, enforcement actions, fines, penalties and reputational damage.
We are subject to numerous international, national, state and local laws, regulations, treaties and other legal requirements that govern health, environmental, safety and security matters in relation to our guests, crew and ships. These requirements change regularly, depending on the itineraries of our ships and the ports and countries visited. Implementing these and any subsequent requirements have been and may in the future continue to be costly and take time to implement across our global cruise operations. In addition, the pace of regulatory changes may affect our ability to comply in the future. If we violate or fail to comply with any of these laws, regulations, treaties and other requirements we could be, and have previously been, fined, placed on probation or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. In addition, the global focus on sustainability and the impact of GHG and other emissions on the environment may lead to additional regulatory requirements, refer to Compliance and Regulatory Risk Factor “b.” below for additional discussion.
In the course of doing business, we collect guest, team member, company and other third-party data, including personal and other sensitive data. We are subject to laws and requirements related to the treatment and protection of personal, sensitive and/or other regulated data in the jurisdictions where we operate. Various governments, agencies and regulatory organizations have enacted or are considering new rules and regulations and we expect to continue to incur costs to comply with these rules and regulations.
Our operations subject us to potential liability under anti-money laundering and anti-corruption laws and regulations. We may also be affected by economic sanctions, trade protection measures, policies and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment.
We are subject to compliance with tax laws, regulations and treaties in the jurisdictions in which we are incorporated or operate. These tax laws, regulations and treaties are subject to change at any time, which may result in substantially higher tax expense. Other changes in domestic and international tax rules and regulations and their application could also alter our tax obligations.
b. Factors associated with sustainability and the impact of GHG and other emissions on the environment could have a material impact on our business and operating results.
Concerns and regulatory focus on sustainability and the impact of GHG and other emissions on the environment have impacted us and may in the future have material impacts on our business and operating results. Sustainability, environmental and emissions-related regulatory activity and developments that require us to reduce our emissions, which includes EU and UK regulations and the IMO Strategy, have impacted us and may in the future have a material impact on our business and financial results by requiring us to make capital investments in new equipment or technologies, pay for emission allowances, purchase carbon offset credits, or otherwise incur additional costs or take additional actions related to our emissions. Such activity has impacted and may continue to impact us indirectly by increasing our operating costs, including fuel costs. Regulatory developments may also result in the inability to operate ships that do not meet certain standards, impact the resale value of our ships in the future, restrict or limit our access to certain destinations and/or countries or impact our freedom to operate. Regulatory efforts, both internationally and in the U.S., are evolving and we cannot determine what final regulations will be enacted, modified, reversed or whether there will be international alignment or divergence of such efforts, or what their ultimate impact on our business will be. Refer to XVIII. Governmental and Other Regulations for additional discussion of recent developments related to Maritime Regulations, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and EU and UK Regulations.
Our business has faced and may in the future continue to face increased scrutiny from our guests, our team members, the investment community, media (including social media), governments, regulators, destinations and other parties related to our sustainability and environmental activities. If our sustainability practices do not meet, are adverse to, or are perceived to diverge from the expectations of our guests, team members, investors or other stakeholders, the demand for cruising, our reputation, our ability to attract or retain team members as well as our attractiveness as an investment could be negatively impacted. In addition, some environmental focused groups have and may continue to generate negative publicity regarding the environmental impact of the cruise industry and are advocating for more stringent oversight and regulation of our industry, including ship emissions while the ship is docked and at sea. At the same time, we may also face negative impacts from those who do not support sustainability-related initiatives or concerns or disagree with our actual or perceived initiatives or positions, or lack of thereof, on various sustainability, environmental, political, social, governance, or other issues. Evolving views among consumers about the impact of GHG and other emissions on the environment may also lead to changes in consumer preferences.
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c. We may not successfully complete the proposed unification of our DLC structure and the migration of Carnival Corporation’s legal incorporation to Bermuda, or, if we do, we may not realize the anticipated benefits and will be subject to Bermuda law, which differs in some respects compared to our current jurisdictions.
In December 2025, we announced that our Boards of Directors recommended unifying our DLC structure under a single company, Carnival Corporation, with Carnival plc as its wholly-owned UK subsidiary (the “DLC Unification”). Additionally, they proposed migrating Carnival Corporation from the Republic of Panama, where Carnival Corporation is currently domiciled, to Bermuda under the name “Carnival Corporation Ltd.” (the “Redomiciliation”). We believe that the DLC Unification and Redomiciliation will provide various benefits to us and our shareholders. However, we may not realize all the anticipated benefits, and the extent, timing and magnitude of any such benefits is uncertain. Completion of the DLC Unification and Redomiciliation is conditioned upon, among other things, the receipt of shareholder approvals, the necessary approval by the relevant court and the receipt of certain antitrust and other regulatory approvals. If the DLC Unification and Redomiciliation are not completed, we will not realize the benefits we anticipate from the DLC Unification and Redomiciliation and we would continue operating under our existing DLC structure.
Negative publicity resulting from the Redomiciliation could adversely affect our business and the market price of our shares. Redomiciliation transactions that have been undertaken by other companies have in some cases generated significant news coverage, some of which has been negative. Negative publicity could cause some of our shareholders to sell their shares or decrease the demand for new investors to purchase such shares, which could have an adverse impact on the price of our securities.
If the DLC Unification and Redomiciliation are completed, Carnival Corporation will become a Bermuda exempted company and Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc shareholders will become shareholders of Bermuda-incorporated Carnival Corporation Ltd. Bermuda law differs from the laws in effect in England and Wales, Carnival plc’s jurisdiction of incorporation, as well as Panama, Carnival Corporation’s current jurisdiction of incorporation. In certain circumstances, the laws of Bermuda may offer shareholders different protections than the laws of England and Wales or the laws of Panama. There are also differences between the existing organizational documents of Carnival plc and Carnival Corporation and the proposed organizational documents of Carnival Corporation Ltd. that will be in effect upon the completion of the DLC Unification and Redomiciliation.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity.
With an increasingly technology-driven business landscape, cybersecurity is critical to safeguarding our company’s shipboard and shoreside assets and maintaining our operational integrity. We have implemented cybersecurity measures that are designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our information technology and operational technology systems against the constantly evolving cyber threats.
Risk Management
Our processes to identify and manage cybersecurity risks form part of our overall risk management framework which includes an organization wide, multi-layered approach to risk assessment and management. Our cybersecurity risk management program is designed to proactively identify, assess and mitigate potential cybersecurity threats. It leverages industry-leading cybersecurity frameworks and standards, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) Cybersecurity Framework and the ISO/IEC 27001 standard. We conduct regular risk assessments to evaluate the security posture of our systems and processes, including vulnerability assessments, penetration testing, external attack surface mitigations and monitor our network for suspicious activity and potential breaches. We engage third-party advisory firms to conduct assessments of the maturity of our cybersecurity program, including measures to improve our Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI DSS”) compliance, as well as to conduct penetration testing of our shoreside and shipboard assets on a periodic basis. We continue to invest in our information technology, operational technology and cybersecurity programs to layer in risk-based controls to protect against evolving threats.
We maintain an incident response plan and related policies and protocols which outline procedures for identifying, reporting and responding to cybersecurity incidents. Our incident response plan is regularly updated to address new threats and tested through crisis simulation exercises involving our shipboard and shoreside employees. We also have an incident response team who is trained to handle a wide range of security events and collaborates with external cybersecurity experts when necessary.
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We have data privacy and security standards across the company that are designed to comply with relevant regulations, including the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) and PCI DSS. We employ encryption, access controls, and other data anonymization techniques to safeguard data throughout its lifecycle.
We also have data privacy and cybersecurity focused training for our shoreside and select shipboard team members. We regularly educate our shoreside and shipboard team members about the importance of handling and protecting guest and team member data, including phishing simulation exercises and annual privacy and security training to enhance awareness of how to detect and respond to cybersecurity threats.
Governance
Our CISO chairs our Cybersecurity Advisory Council (“CAC”), a cross-functional management committee that drives awareness, ownership and alignment across broad governance and risk stakeholder groups for effective cybersecurity risk management. The CAC is sponsored by our Chief Financial Officer and is composed of senior leaders from our brand information security, data privacy, legal, internal audit and information technology teams. The CAC meets at least quarterly and has responsibility for oversight of our cybersecurity strategic direction, risks and threats, priorities, resource allocation, capabilities and planning. The CISO and her team are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents in accordance with our cyber incident response plan. Additionally, the CISO informs our Disclosure Committee on a quarterly basis, or more frequently if needed, of any cybersecurity risks or incidents or other information system matters that may affect our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.
Our Chief Privacy Officer and Data Protection Officers oversee our focus on the proper processing of personal information in alignment with our privacy policy and applicable privacy laws and regulations.
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Item 2. Properties.
Our headquarters and principal shoreside operations are located in owned/leased office buildings in Miami, Florida and in Southampton, England. We also own and/or lease a number of other offices across the U.S., Continental Europe and other locations throughout the world to support our brand operations globally. In 2025, we purchased a site to build and relocate our Miami, Florida headquarters.
Information about our cruise ships, including the number each of our cruise brands operate, as well as information regarding our cruise ships under construction may be found under Part I, Item 1. Business. C. “Our Global Cruise Business.” In addition, we own, lease or have controlling interests in port destinations, exclusive islands, hotels, and lodges.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
The legal proceedings described in Note 6 - “Contingencies”, are shown in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this Form 10-K. Additionally, SEC rules require disclosure of certain environmental matters when a governmental authority is a party to the proceedings and such proceedings involve potential monetary sanctions that we believe will exceed $1 million for such proceedings.
On June 20, 2022, Princess Cruises notified the Australian Maritime Safety Authorization (“AMSA”) and the flag state, Bermuda, regarding approximately six cubic meters of comminuted food waste (liquid biodigester effluent) inadvertently released by Coral Princess inside the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. On May 31, 2023, we received a summons from the Australia Federal Prosecution Service indicating that formal charges would be pursued against Princess Cruises and the Captain of the vessel. On November 17, 2025, Princess Cruises entered a guilty plea, and the charges against the Captain were accordingly dismissed. The Magistrates Court of Queensland imposed an immaterial fine against Princess Cruises. This matter is now concluded.
On February 5, 2024, P&O Cruises (Australia) notified the AMSA and the UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch that a small amount of oil may have inadvertently contaminated grey water which was discharged by Pacific Adventure in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland. We intend to cooperate with any inquiries from governmental authorities. We believe the ultimate outcome will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
None.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrants’ Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
A. Market Information
Carnival Corporation common stock, together with paired trust shares of beneficial interest in the P&O Princess Special Voting Trust, which holds a Special Voting Share of Carnival plc, is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “CCL.” Carnival plc ordinary shares trade on the London Stock Exchange under the symbol “CCL.” Carnival plc American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each one of which represents one Carnival plc ordinary share, are traded on the NYSE under the symbol “CUK.” The depositary for the ADSs is JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
B. Holders
As of January 13, 2026, there were 2,164 holders of record of Carnival Corporation common stock and 27,361 holders of record of Carnival plc ordinary shares and 376 holders of record of Carnival plc ADSs.
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C. Dividends
We did not pay or declare dividends on Carnival Corporation common stock or Carnival plc ordinary shares for the year ended November 30, 2025.
In December 2025, the Boards of Directors approved the reinstatement of the company’s quarterly dividend and declared an initial $0.15 per share dividend with a record date of February 13, 2026 and a payment date of February 27, 2026.
Holders of Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ADSs will receive the dividend payable in U.S. dollars. The dividend for Carnival plc ordinary shares will be payable in U.S. dollars or sterling. In the absence of instructions or elections to the contrary, holders of Carnival plc ordinary shares will automatically receive the dividend in sterling.
Dividends payable in sterling will be converted from U.S. dollars at the exchange rate quoted by Bloomberg (BFIX) in London at 12 noon on February 17, 2026. Holders of Carnival plc ordinary shares wishing to receive their dividend in U.S. dollars or participate in the Carnival plc Dividend Reinvestment Plan must elect to do so by February 13, 2026.
D. Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K is shown in Part III, Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, in this Form 10-K.
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E. Performance Graph
Carnival Corporation
The following graph compares the price performance of $100 if invested in Carnival Corporation common stock with the price performance of $100 if invested in each of the Dow Jones U.S. Recreational Services Index (“Dow Jones Recreational Index”), the Dow Jones U.S. Travel and Leisure Index, the FTSE 100 Index and the S&P 500 Index. The price performance, as used in the performance graph, is calculated by assuming $100 is invested at the beginning of the period in Carnival Corporation common stock at a price equal to the market value. At the end of each year, the total value of the investment is computed by taking the number of shares owned, assuming Carnival Corporation dividends are reinvested, multiplied by the market price of the shares.
In 2025, we elected to change the comparative industry peer group from the Dow Jones Recreational Index to the Dow Jones U.S. Travel and Leisure Index as we believe it provides a more meaningful comparison and is better aligned with the competitive market in which we operate. We also elected to remove the comparison to the FTSE 100 Index given our decision to unify our DLC arrangement from two companies with two stock exchange listings and share prices into one single company, Carnival Corporation, listed on the New York Stock Exchange with one share price globally.
| Assumes $100 Invested on November 30, 2020 Assumes Dividends Reinvested Years Ended November 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carnival Corporation Common Stock | $ | 100 | $ | 88 | $ | 50 | $ | 75 | $ | 127 | $ | 129 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dow Jones Recreational Index | $ | 100 | $ | 103 | $ | 80 | $ | 103 | $ | 186 | $ | 197 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dow Jones U.S. Travel & Leisure | $ | 100 | $ | 108 | $ | 101 | $ | 118 | $ | 156 | $ | 155 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FTSE 100 Index | $ | 100 | $ | 117 | $ | 130 | $ | 133 | $ | 154 | $ | 187 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 Index | $ | 100 | $ | 128 | $ | 116 | $ | 132 | $ | 177 | $ | 204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Carnival plc
The following graph compares the price performance of $100 invested in Carnival plc ADSs, each representing one ordinary share of Carnival plc, with the price performance of $100 invested in each of the indexes noted below. The price performance is calculated in the same manner as previously discussed.
| Assumes $100 Invested on November 30, 2020 Assumes Dividends Reinvested Years Ended November 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carnival plc ADS | $ | 100 | $ | 92 | $ | 51 | $ | 76 | $ | 130 | $ | 135 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dow Jones Recreational Index | $ | 100 | $ | 103 | $ | 80 | $ | 103 | $ | 186 | $ | 197 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dow Jones U.S. Travel & Leisure | $ | 100 | $ | 108 | $ | 101 | $ | 118 | $ | 156 | $ | 155 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| FTSE 100 Index | $ | 100 | $ | 117 | $ | 130 | $ | 133 | $ | 154 | $ | 187 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 Index | $ | 100 | $ | 128 | $ | 116 | $ | 132 | $ | 177 | $ | 204 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
F. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities
I. Carnival plc Shareholder Approvals
Annual shareholder approval is required for Carnival plc to buy back its ordinary shares. Carnival plc did not renew its authority to buy back shares at the 2025 Annual General Meeting.
Item 6. Reserved.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
2025 Executive Overview
2025 was another strong year that exceeded expectations, setting new records across our business and achieving more milestones, including:
•Record revenues of $26.6 billion
•All-time high operating income of $4.5 billion, up 25% compared to the prior year
•Achieved the highest adjusted return on invested capital (“ROIC”) in 19 years
•Record booking trends with continued strong close-in demand throughout the year
•Ended 2025 with record year-end customer deposits, up nearly 7% year over year
In 2025, we made significant progress strengthening our balance sheet. In December 2025, we successfully completed our $19 billion refinancing plan in less than a year and reduced total debt by over $10 billion since our peak in January 2023. In addition, we surpassed our investment grade leverage metric threshold. These accomplishments enabled us to reinstate our dividend, reflecting both our confidence in the durability of our cash generation and the improvements we have made to our balance sheet.
Looking forward, we are well-positioned to create even greater shareholder value over time as we continue to reinvest in our future. This will be driven by our focus on driving commercial excellence, disciplined newbuild strategy, our expansion of return-generating ship enhancement initiatives across some of our cruise lines and our exclusive destination development program.
We continue to strengthen our demand generating efforts to position ourselves for success in 2026 and beyond. Our world-class cruise lines are refining their focus on target markets, sharpening marketing messages and reaching target consumers more efficiently. We are also enhancing our commercial strategies by leveraging AI to improve marketing effectiveness, deliver personalized experiences and drive efficiency gains across all our cruise lines. Together, we believe these initiatives will increase same ship revenues, drive margins and returns higher over time and help to close the price-to-value gap we offer versus land-based alternatives.
In 2025, we opened our game-changing new exclusive destination, Celebration Key, Grand Bahama, which has already hosted more than one million guests since its July opening. We will continue to build on the success of Celebration Key through planned expansions at some of our other Paradise Collection properties, including RelaxAway, Half Moon Cay and Isla Tropicale (formerly Mahogany Bay) in 2026. In addition, we recently announced the development of Ensenada Bay Village - Treasures of Baja. This destination will showcase the natural beauty of Baja California, Mexico through a blend of adventure, culture and relaxation experiences while benefitting our west coast deployments.
During 2025, we also continued making progress towards our sustainability goals. We reached our 2030 goal ahead of schedule, cutting greenhouse gas emissions intensity by over 20% relative to our 2019 baseline. Separately, our Less Left Over strategy helped reduce food waste by over 47%, edging closer to our 50% target set for 2030.
In addition, we continue to take actions that will strengthen our ability to deliver long-term shareholder value. We recently announced that our Boards of Directors recommends unifying our dual listed company under a single corporate entity to streamline governance and reporting. This would also create a single global share price, reduce administrative costs and is expected to increase liquidity and weighting in major U.S. stock indexes.
Together in 2025, we delivered unforgettable happiness to over 13.5 million people around the world by providing them with extraordinary cruise vacations while honoring the integrity of every ocean we sail, place we visit and life we touch. We are grateful for the efforts of our over 160,000 hard-working and dedicated team members who delivered incredible results this year and have set us up well for another step forward in 2026.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to our consolidated financial statements for further information on Accounting Pronouncements.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
Our critical accounting estimates are those we believe require our most significant judgments about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. A discussion of our critical accounting estimates, the underlying judgments and uncertainties used to make them and the likelihood that materially different estimates would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions is as follows:
Ship Accounting
We make several critical accounting estimates with respect to our ship accounting including ship improvement costs, estimated useful lives and residual values.
We account for ship improvement costs, including replacements of certain significant components and parts, by capitalizing those costs that we believe add value to our ships and have a useful life greater than one year and depreciating those improvements over their estimated remaining useful life. The costs of repairs and maintenance, including those incurred when a ship is taken out-of-service for scheduled maintenance, and minor improvement costs and expenses, are charged to expense as incurred. If we change our assumptions in making our determinations as to whether improvements to a ship add value, the amounts we expense each year as repair and maintenance expense could increase, which would be partially offset by a decrease in depreciation expense, resulting from a reduction in capitalized costs.
In addition, the specifically identified or estimated cost and accumulated depreciation of previously capitalized ship components are written-off upon retirement, which may result in a loss on disposal that is also included in other operating expenses. We do not have cost segregation studies performed to specifically componentize our ships. In addition, since we do not separately componentize our ships, we do not identify and track depreciation of original ship components. Therefore, we typically estimate the net book value of components that are retired, based primarily upon their replacement cost, their age and their original estimated useful lives. Given the large size and complexity of our ships, ship accounting estimates require considerable judgment and are inherently uncertain.
In order to compute our ships’ depreciation expense, we apply judgment to determine their useful lives as well as their residual values. As of November 30, 2025, we have estimated our ships’ useful lives at 30 years and residual values at 15% of our original ship cost. Our ships’ useful life and residual value estimates take into consideration the estimated weighted-average useful lives of the ships’ major component systems, such as hull, superstructure, main electric, engines and cabins. We also take into consideration the impact of technological changes, historical useful lives of similarly-built ships, long-term cruise and vacation market conditions and regulatory changes, including those related to the impact of greenhouse gases and other emissions on the environment. We determine the residual value of our ships based on our long-term estimates of their resale value at the end of their useful lives to us but before the end of their physical and economic lives to others, historical resale values of our and other cruise ships as well as our expectations of the long-term viability of the secondary cruise ship market.
We are pursuing our aspiration of net zero emissions from ship operations by 2050 in line with the IMO’s 2023 Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships. Given the estimated useful life for our ships, our most recently delivered vessels’ lives will extend beyond this 2050 date. To provide a path to net zero emissions, alternative low GHG emission fuels will be necessary for the maritime industry; however, there are significant supply challenges that must be resolved before viability is reached. We are closely monitoring technology developments which may support our sustainability goals. Our fleet’s engines are capable of using certain alternative fuels and we have completed tests on the use of marine biofuel blends on certain ships in our fleet. In addition, and in support of our Climate Action Goals, we invest in technologies, including the use of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) powered cruise ships, the installation of Advanced Air Quality Systems on board our ships to aid in the reduction of sulfur emissions, the use of shore power, enabling ships to use shoreside electric power where available while in port and various other efficiency related upgrades intended to reduce our emissions. It is uncertain how proposed and possible future regulatory changes, as well as our 2050 net zero emissions aspiration, may impact our ships’ useful lives and residual values as the impact is dependent on future regulatory actions and technological advances.
If materially different conditions existed, or if we materially changed our assumptions of ship useful lives and residual values, then our depreciation expense, loss on retirement of ship components and net book value of our ships would be materially different. Our 2025 ship depreciation expense would have increased by approximately:
•$52 million assuming we had reduced our estimated 30-year ship useful life estimate by one year at the time we took delivery or acquired each of our ships
•$265 million assuming we had estimated our ships to have no residual value
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We review estimated useful lives and residual values of our ships for reasonableness whenever events or circumstances indicate a revision is warranted. In December 2025, we completed such review considering the period over which we expect to operate our ships and our long-term plans. As a result, we determined our ships’ depreciable lives would be extended to 35 years. In connection with the increase in estimated useful life, we reduced our estimated residual value of each ship to be 5% of our original ship cost for LNG powered ships and a range of salvage values under $25 million for all other ships, depending on the class and tonnage of the ship. This revision did not have a material impact on our financial statements and has been applied prospectively beginning December 1, 2025.
We believe that the estimates we made for ship accounting purposes are reasonable and our methods are consistently applied in all material respects and result in depreciation expense that is based on a rational and systematic method to equitably allocate
the costs of our ships to the periods during which we use them.
Contingencies
We periodically assess the potential liabilities related to any lawsuits or claims brought against us, as well as for other known unasserted claims, including environmental, legal, regulatory and guest and crew matters. While it is typically very difficult to determine the timing and ultimate outcome of these matters, we use our best judgment to determine the appropriate amounts to record in our consolidated financial statements.
We accrue a liability and establish a reserve when we believe a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In assessing probable losses, we make estimates of the amount of probable insurance recoveries, if any, which are recorded as assets where appropriate. Such accruals and reserves are typically based on developments to date, management’s estimates of the outcomes of these matters, our experience in contesting, litigating and settling other similar matters, historical claims experience, actuarially determined estimates of liabilities and any related insurance coverage.
Given the inherent uncertainty related to the eventual outcome of these matters and potential insurance recoveries, it is possible that all or some of these matters may be resolved for amounts materially different from any provisions or disclosures that we may have made. In addition, as new information becomes available, we may need to reassess amounts accrued related to our contingencies. All such changes in our estimates could materially impact our results of operations and financial position.
Refer to our consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of contingencies.
Known Trends and Uncertainties
We believe changes in the cost of fuel, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and new and evolving regulatory requirements related to the reduction of GHG emissions are reasonably likely to impact our profitability in both the short and long-term. We became subject to the EU Emissions Trading System (“ETS”) on January 1, 2024, which includes a three-year phase-in period. The impact of this regulation in 2025 and 2024 was $91 million and $46 million, which represented costs associated with 70% and 40% of emissions under the ETS operational scope. In 2026, all in scope emissions will be impacted. Refer to XVIII. Governmental and Other Regulations.
Results of Operations
We have historically earned substantially all of our cruise revenues from the following:
•Sales of passenger cruise tickets and, in some cases, the sale of air and other transportation to and from airports near our ships’ home ports and cancellation fees. The cruise ticket price typically includes the following:
•Accommodations
•Most meals, including snacks at numerous venues
•Access to onboard amenities such as swimming pools, water slides, water parks, whirlpools, a health club and sun decks
•Entertainment, such as theatrical and comedy shows, live music and nightclubs
•Visits to multiple ports, including our portfolio of owned or operated ports and destinations
•Childcare and supervised youth programs
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•Sales of onboard goods and services not included in the cruise ticket price. This generally includes the following:
•Beverage sales | •Internet and communication services | ||||
•Casino gaming | •Full-service spas | ||||
•Shore excursions and experiences | •Specialty restaurants | ||||
•Retail sales | •Photo sales | ||||
These goods and services are provided either directly by us or by independent concessionaires, from which we receive either a percentage of their revenues or a fee. Concession revenues do not have direct expenses because the costs and services incurred for concession revenues are borne by our concessionaires. In 2025, we earned 34% of our cruise revenues from onboard and other revenue goods and services.
We earn our tour and other revenues from our hotel and transportation operations and other revenues.
We incur cruise operating expenses for the following:
•Commissions, transportation and other, which include costs of travel agent commissions, air and other transportation, port fees, taxes, and charges that directly vary with guest head counts and credit and debit card fees
•Onboard and other, which include the costs of beverage sales, shore excursions, retail sales, internet and communication, credit and debit card fees, other onboard costs, cruise vacation protection programs and pre- and post-cruise land packages
•Payroll and related, which include the costs of officers and crew in bridge, engineering and hotel operations. Substantially all costs associated with our shoreside personnel are included in selling and administrative expenses
•Fuel, which include fuel delivery costs and emission allowance costs
•Food, which include both our guest and crew food costs
•Other operating expenses, which include port costs that do not vary with guest head counts; repairs and maintenance, including minor improvements and dry-dock expenses; hotel costs; entertainment; gains and losses on ship sales; ship impairments; freight and logistics; insurance premiums; tour and other expenses for our hotel and transportation operations and all other operating expenses
We do not allocate payroll and related, fuel, food or other operating expenses to the expense categories attributable to passenger ticket revenues or onboard and other revenues since they are incurred to provide the total cruise vacation experience.
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Statistical Information
| Years Ended November 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
Passenger Cruise Days (“PCDs”) (in millions) (a) | 101.7 | 100.5 | 91.4 | ||||||||||||||
Available Lower Berth Days (“ALBDs”) (in millions) (b) (c) | 96.5 | 95.6 | 91.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Occupancy percentage (d) | 105 | % | 105 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
Passengers carried (in millions) | 13.6 | 13.5 | 12.5 | ||||||||||||||
Fuel consumption in metric tons (in millions) | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Fuel consumption in metric tons per thousand ALBDs | 29.2 | 30.9 | 32.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Fuel cost per metric ton consumed (excluding emission allowances) | $ | 610 | $ | 665 | $ | 701 | |||||||||||
| Currencies (USD to 1) | |||||||||||||||||
| AUD | $ | 0.64 | $ | 0.66 | $ | 0.66 | |||||||||||
| CAD | $ | 0.71 | $ | 0.73 | $ | 0.74 | |||||||||||
| EUR | $ | 1.12 | $ | 1.09 | $ | 1.08 | |||||||||||
| GBP | $ | 1.31 | $ | 1.28 | $ | 1.24 | |||||||||||
Notes to Statistical Information
(a)PCD represents the number of cruise passengers on a voyage multiplied by the number of revenue-producing ship operating days for that voyage.
(b)ALBD is a standard measure of passenger capacity for the period that we use to approximate rate and capacity variances, based on consistently applied formulas that we use to perform analyses to determine the main non-capacity driven factors that cause our cruise revenues and expenses to vary. ALBDs assume that each cabin we offer for sale accommodates two passengers and is computed by multiplying passenger capacity by revenue-producing ship operating days in the period.
(c)In 2025 compared to 2024, we had a 1.0% capacity increase in ALBDs comprised of a 1.2% capacity increase in our North America segment and a 0.6% capacity increase in our Europe segment.
Our North America segment’s capacity increase was caused by the following:
•Carnival Cruise Line 5,360-passenger capacity ship that entered into service in December 2023
•Princess Cruises 4,310-passenger capacity ship that entered into service in February 2024
•Carnival Cruise Line 4,130-passenger capacity ship that transferred from Costa Cruises and entered into service in April 2024
•Princess Cruises 4,310-passenger capacity ship that entered into service in September 2025
The increase in our North America segment’s capacity was partially offset by:
•Seabourn 460-passenger capacity ship that left the fleet in September 2024
•P&O Cruises (Australia) 2,000-passenger capacity ship that left the fleet in February 2025
Our Europe segment’s capacity increase was caused by:
•Cunard 2,960-passenger capacity ship that entered into service in May 2024
•Nonrecurrence of the Red Sea rerouting without guests
The increase in our Europe segment’s capacity was partially offset by a Costa Cruises 4,240-passenger capacity ship that transferred to Carnival Cruise Line in February 2024.
(d)Occupancy, in accordance with cruise industry practice, is calculated using a numerator of PCDs and a denominator of ALBDs, which assumes two passengers per cabin even though some cabins can accommodate three or more passengers. Percentages in excess of 100% indicate that on average more than two passengers occupied some cabins.
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2025 Compared to 2024
The discussion below compares the results of operations for the year ended November 30, 2025 to the year ended November 30, 2024. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report. For a comparison of the company’s results of operations for the year ended November 30, 2024 to the year ended November 30, 2023, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2024, which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2025.
Revenues
Consolidated
Passenger ticket revenues made up 65% of our 2025 total revenues. Passenger ticket revenues increased by $956 million, or 5.8%, to $17.4 billion in 2025 from $16.5 billion in 2024.
This increase was caused by:
•$635 million - higher ticket prices driven by continued strength in demand
•$196 million - net favorable foreign currency translation impact
•$159 million - 1.0% capacity increase in ALBDs
These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $74 million in air transportation revenue.
The remaining 35% of 2025 total revenues were comprised of onboard and other revenues, which increased by $644 million, or 7.5%, to $9.2 billion in 2025 from $8.6 billion in 2024.
This increase was driven by:
•$466 million - higher onboard spending by our guests
•$83 million - 1.0% capacity increase in ALBDs
•$57 million - net favorable foreign currency translation impact
North America Segment
Passenger ticket revenues made up 62% of our North America segment’s 2025 total revenues. Passenger ticket revenues increased by $361 million, or 3.4%, to $10.9 billion in 2025 from $10.6 billion in 2024.
This increase was caused by:
•$344 million - higher ticket prices driven by continued strength in demand
•$122 million - 1.2% capacity increase in ALBDs
These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $74 million in air transportation revenue.
The remaining 38% of our North America segment’s 2025 total revenues were comprised of onboard and other revenues, which increased by $442 million, or 7.1%, to $6.7 billion in 2025 from $6.2 billion in 2024.
This increase was caused by:
•$376 million - higher onboard spending by our guests
•$72 million - 1.2% capacity increase in ALBDs
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Europe Segment
Passenger ticket revenues made up 77% of our Europe segment’s 2025 total revenues. Passenger ticket revenues increased by $569 million, or 9.6%, to $6.5 billion in 2025 from $5.9 billion in 2024.
This increase was driven by:
•$292 million - higher ticket prices driven by continued strength in demand
•$200 million - net favorable foreign currency translation impact
•$46 million - 0.8 percentage point increase in occupancy
The remaining 23% of our Europe segment’s 2025 total revenues were comprised of onboard and other revenues, which increased by $188 million, or 11%, to $1.9 billion in 2025 from $1.8 billion in 2024.
This increase was driven by:
•$89 million - higher onboard spending by our guests
•$60 million - net favorable foreign currency translation impact
Operating Expenses
Consolidated
Operating expenses increased by $309 million, or 2.0%, to $15.9 billion in 2025 from $15.6 billion in 2024.
This increase was caused by:
•$151 million - 1.0% capacity increase in ALBDs
•$112 million - net unfavorable foreign currency translation impact
•$90 million - higher onboard and other cost of sales driven by higher onboard revenues
•$54 million - higher commissions, transportation costs, and other expenses driven by increased ticket pricing and an increase in the number of guests
•$42 million - higher port expenses
•$27 million - higher repair and maintenance expenses (including dry-dock expenses)
•$26 million - higher cruise payroll and related expenses
•$23 million - nonrecurrence of change in pension valuation in 2024
These increases were partially offset by:
•$109 million - lower fuel prices including the impact of the cost of emission allowances
•$109 million - lower fuel consumption per ALBD
•$71 million - higher gains on ship sales realized in 2025 compared to 2024
Selling and administrative expenses increased by $150 million, or 4.6%, to $3.4 billion in 2025 from $3.3 billion in 2024.
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $233 million, or 9.1%, to $2.8 billion in 2025 from $2.6 billion in 2024.
North America Segment
Operating expenses decreased by $18 million, or 0.2%, to $10.5 billion in 2025 from $10.6 billion in 2024.
This decrease was caused by:
•$101 million - lower fuel prices including the impact of the cost of emission allowances
•$79 million - lower fuel consumption per ALBD
These decreases were partially offset by:
•$122 million - 1.2% capacity increase in ALBDs
•$40 million - higher onboard and other cost of sales driven by higher onboard revenues
Selling and administrative expenses increased by $13 million, or 0.7%, and were $2.0 billion in 2025 and 2024.
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Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $154 million, or 9.3%, to $1.8 billion in 2025 from $1.7 billion in 2024.
Europe Segment
Operating expenses increased by $287 million, or 6.1%, to $5.0 billion in 2025 from $4.7 billion in 2024.
This increase was caused by:
•$118 million - net unfavorable foreign currency translation impact
•$50 million - higher onboard and other cost of sales driven by higher onboard revenues
•$45 million - higher commissions, transportation costs, and other expenses driven by increased ticket pricing and an increase in the number of guests
•$41 million - higher repair and maintenance expenses (including dry-dock expenses)
•$33 million - higher port expenses
•$23 million - nonrecurrence of change in pension valuation in 2024
These increases were partially offset by a $57 million gain on sale of one ship.
Selling and administrative expenses increased by $81 million, or 8.4%, and were $1.0 billion in 2025 and 2024.
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $70 million, or 10%, to $746 million in 2025 from $676 million in 2024. This increase was driven by fleet enhancements and net unfavorable foreign currency translation impacts.
Operating Income
Our consolidated operating income increased by $909 million to $4.5 billion in 2025 from $3.6 billion in 2024. Our North America segment’s operating income increased by $653 million to $3.3 billion in 2025 from $2.6 billion in 2024, and our Europe segment’s operating income increased by $319 million to $1.7 billion in 2025 from $1.3 billion in 2024. These changes were primarily due to the reasons discussed above.
Nonoperating Income (Expense)
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest, decreased by $406 million, or 23%, to $1.3 billion in 2025 from $1.8 billion in 2024. The decrease was substantially all due to lower average interest rates, a decrease in total debt and increased capitalized interest.
Debt extinguishment and modification costs increased by $330 million to $409 million in 2025 from $79 million in 2024 as a result of debt transactions occurring during the respective periods.
Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources
As of November 30, 2025, we had $6.4 billion of liquidity including $1.9 billion of cash and cash equivalents and $4.5 billion available for borrowing under our multicurrency revolving credit facility. In addition, we had $7.8 billion of undrawn export credit facilities to fund future ship deliveries.
We had a working capital deficit of $8.9 billion as of November 30, 2025 compared to a working capital deficit of $8.2 billion as of November 30, 2024. The increase in working capital deficit was caused by an increase in the current portion of long-term debt and customer deposits, partially offset by an increase in cash and cash equivalents. We operate with a substantial working capital deficit. This deficit is mainly attributable to the fact that, under our business model, substantially all of our passenger ticket receipts are collected in advance of the applicable sailing date. These advance passenger receipts generally remain a current liability on our balance sheet until the sailing date. The cash generated from these advance receipts is used interchangeably with cash on hand from other sources, such as our borrowings and other cash from operations. The cash received as advanced receipts can be used to fund operating expenses, pay down our debt, make long-term investments or any other use of cash. Included within our working capital are $6.8 billion and $6.4 billion of current customer deposits as of November 30, 2025 and 2024. We have agreements with a number of credit card processors that transact customer deposits related to our cruise vacations. Certain of these agreements allow the credit card processors to request, under certain circumstances, that we provide a capped reserve fund in cash. As of November 30, 2025, we were not required to maintain any reserve funds. In addition, we have a relatively low level of accounts receivable and limited investment in inventories.
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We are not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements, including guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interests, certain derivative instruments and variable interest entities that either have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Operating Activities
Our business provided $6.2 billion of net cash flows from operating activities during 2025, an increase of $0.3 billion compared to $5.9 billion provided in 2024. This increase was driven by higher net income in 2025 partially offset by changes in prepaid expenses and other assets, which includes the nonrecurrence of cash provided by the release of credit card reserves in 2024.
Investing Activities
During 2025, net cash used in investing activities of $3.3 billion was caused by:
•Capital expenditures of $3.6 billion substantially all attributable to the delivery of one North America segment ship, ship improvements and development of our portfolio of exclusive destinations.
•Proceeds of $323 million substantially all from the sale of one North America segment ship and one Europe segment ship
•Advances of $100 million made to Floating Docks S. de RL
During 2024, net cash used in investing activities of $4.5 billion was caused by:
•Capital expenditures of $4.6 billion primarily attributable to the delivery of two North America segment ships, one Europe segment ship and developments in our port destinations and exclusive islands
•Proceeds of $58 million primarily from the sale of a North America segment ship
Financing Activities
During 2025, net cash used in financing activities of $2.2 billion was caused by:
•Repayments of $12.9 billion of long-term debt
•Debt issuance costs of $144 million
•Debt extinguishment costs of $272 million
•Issuances of $11.2 billion of long-term debt
During 2024, net cash used in financing activities of $2.6 billion was caused by:
•Repayments of $5.4 billion of long-term debt
•Debt issuance costs of $203 million
•Debt extinguishment costs of $41 million
•Issuances of $3.1 billion of long-term debt
For our cash flow activities for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2024, which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2025.
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Material Cash Requirements
| Payments Due by | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | Thereafter | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt (a) | $ | 3,066 | (b) | $ | 3,537 | $ | 4,889 | $ | 4,883 | $ | 3,493 | $ | 12,320 | $ | 32,188 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Newbuild capital expenditures (c) | 501 | 1,586 | 1,474 | 1,823 | 1,661 | 4,769 | 11,814 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,567 | $ | 5,123 | $ | 6,363 | $ | 6,706 | $ | 5,154 | $ | 17,089 | $ | 44,002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Includes principal as well as estimated interest payments and does not include the impact of any future possible refinancings. Excludes undrawn export credits.
(b)Includes an aggregate of $500 million representing the portion of the 5.75% convertible senior notes due 2027 converted and settled in cash in December 2025.
(c)As of November 30, 2025, we have undrawn export credit facilities of $7.8 billion which fund a portion of our newbuild contractual commitments.
Funding Sources
We plan to use existing liquidity and future cash flows from operations to fund our cash requirements including capital expenditures not funded by our export credit facilities. We seek to manage our credit risk exposures, including counterparty nonperformance associated with our cash and cash equivalents, and future financing facilities by conducting business with well-established financial institutions, and export credit agencies and diversifying our counterparties.
| (in billions) | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Future export credit facilities at November 30, 2025 | $ | — | $ | 1.3 | $ | 1.3 | $ | 1.7 | $ | — | $ | 3.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Our export credit facilities contain various financial covenants as described in Note 5 - “Debt” of the consolidated financial statements. At November 30, 2025, we were in compliance with the applicable covenants under our debt agreements.
Dividends
The declaration of dividends shall at all times be subject to the final determination of our Boards of Directors that a dividend is prudent at that time in consideration of the liquidity needs of the business. In December 2025, the Boards of Directors approved the reinstatement of the company’s quarterly dividend and declared an initial $0.15 per share dividend with a record date of February 13, 2026 and a payment date of February 27, 2026.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
For a discussion of our hedging strategies and market risks, see the discussion below and the consolidated financial statements.
Fuel Price Risks
Substantially all our exposure to market risk for changes in fuel prices relates to the consumption of fuel on our ships.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risks
Operational Currency Risks
Our operations primarily utilize the U.S. dollar, Euro, Sterling or the Australian dollar as their functional currencies. Our operations also have revenue and expenses denominated in non-functional currencies. Movements in foreign currency exchange rates will affect our consolidated financial statements.
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Investment Currency Risks
The foreign currency exchange rates were as follows:
| November 30, | |||||||||||
| USD to 1: | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||
| AUD | $ | 0.65 | $ | 0.65 | |||||||
| CAD | $ | 0.72 | $ | 0.71 | |||||||
| EUR | $ | 1.16 | $ | 1.06 | |||||||
| GBP | $ | 1.32 | $ | 1.27 | |||||||
If the November 30, 2024 currency exchange rates had been used to translate our November 30, 2025 non-U.S. dollar functional currency operations’ assets and liabilities (instead of the November 30, 2025 U.S. dollar exchange rates), our total assets would have been lower by $1.4 billion and our total liabilities would have been higher by $1.3 billion.
Newbuild Currency Risks
At November 30, 2025, our newbuild currency exchange rate risk primarily relates to euro-denominated newbuild contract payments, which represent a total commitment of $8.4 billion and relate to newbuilds scheduled to be delivered to non-euro functional currency brands. The functional currency cost of each of these ships will increase or decrease based on changes in the exchange rates until the payments are made under the shipbuilding contract. We may utilize foreign currency derivatives to mitigate some of this foreign currency exchange rate risk. Based on a 1% change in euro to U.S. dollar exchange rates as of November 30, 2025, the remaining cost of these ships would have a corresponding change of $84 million.
Interest Rate Risks
The composition of our debt was as follows:
| November 30, 2025 | |||||
| Fixed rate | 54 | % | |||
EUR fixed rate | 31 | % | |||
| Floating rate | 5 | % | |||
EUR floating rate | 10 | % | |||
Based on a 100 basis point change in the market interest rates, our annual interest expense on floating rate debt would change by approximately $42 million.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB ID | |||||
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB ID | |||||
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CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions, except per share data)
| Years Ended November 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Passenger ticket | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Onboard and other | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | |||||||||||||||||
| Cruise and tour operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Commissions, transportation and other | |||||||||||||||||
| Onboard and other | |||||||||||||||||
| Payroll and related | |||||||||||||||||
| Fuel | |||||||||||||||||
| Food | |||||||||||||||||
| Other operating | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Cruise and tour operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Selling and administrative expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Debt extinguishment and modification costs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense), net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Earnings Per Share | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)
| Years Ended November 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Items Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except par values)
| November 30, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current Assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Trade and other receivables, net | |||||||||||
| Inventories | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property and Equipment, Net | |||||||||||
| Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets, Net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Other Intangibles | |||||||||||
| Other Assets | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued liabilities and other | |||||||||||
| Customer deposits | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-Term Debt | |||||||||||
| Long-Term Operating Lease Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other Long-Term Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Contingencies and Commitments | |||||||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity | |||||||||||
Carnival Corporation common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Carnival plc ordinary shares, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) | ( | ( | |||||||||
Treasury stock, | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
| Years Ended November 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| OPERATING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on debt extinguishment | |||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of discounts and debt issue costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash lease expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of ships | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Greenhouse gas regulatory expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Receivables | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Accrued liabilities and other | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Customer deposits | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||||||||
| INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of ships and other property and equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| Advances to affiliates | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of short-term borrowings | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Principal repayments of long-term debt | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Debt issuance costs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Debt extinguishment costs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)
| Common stock | Ordinary shares | Additional paid-in capital | Retained earnings | AOCI | Treasury stock | Total shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At November 30, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in accounting principle (a) | — | — | ( | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances of common stock, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of Convertible Notes | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases and issuances under the Stock Swap Program, net | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury shares for vested share-based awards | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and other | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At November 30, 2023 | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of Convertible Notes | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury shares for vested share-based awards | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and other | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At November 30, 2024 | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury shares for vested share-based awards | — | — | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and other | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At November 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)We adopted the provisions of Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options and Derivative and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity on December 1, 2022.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 – General
Description of Business
Carnival Corporation was incorporated in Panama in 1974 and Carnival plc was incorporated in England and Wales in 2000. Together with their consolidated subsidiaries, they are referred to collectively in these consolidated financial statements and elsewhere in this 2025 Annual Report as “Carnival Corporation & plc,” “the company”, “our,” “us” and “we.” The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc and their respective subsidiaries.
We are the largest global cruise company, and among the largest leisure travel companies, with a portfolio of world-class cruise lines – AIDA Cruises, Carnival Cruise Line, Costa Cruises, Cunard, Holland America Line, P&O Cruises, Princess Cruises, and Seabourn.
During 2025, we sunset the P&O Cruises (Australia) brand and folded its Australia operations into Carnival Cruise Line.
DLC Arrangement
Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc operate a dual listed company (“DLC”) arrangement, whereby the businesses of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are combined through a number of contracts and provisions in Carnival Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws and Carnival plc’s Articles of Association. The two companies operate as a single economic enterprise with a single senior management team and identical Boards of Directors, but each has retained its separate legal identity. Carnival Corporation’s shares of common stock are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and Carnival plc’s ordinary shares are publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange. The Carnival plc American Depositary Shares are traded on the NYSE.
The constitutional documents of each company provide that, on most matters, the holders of the common equity of both companies effectively vote as a single body. The Equalization and Governance Agreement between Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc provides for the equalization of dividends and liquidation distributions based on an equalization ratio and contains provisions relating to the governance of the DLC arrangement. Because the equalization ratio is 1 to 1, one share of Carnival Corporation common stock and one Carnival plc ordinary share are generally entitled to the same distributions.
Under deeds of guarantee executed in connection with the DLC arrangement, as well as stand-alone guarantees executed since that time, each of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc have effectively cross guaranteed all indebtedness and certain other monetary obligations of each other. Once the written demand is made, the holders of indebtedness or other obligations may immediately commence an action against the relevant guarantor.
Under the terms of the DLC arrangement, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are permitted to transfer assets between the companies, make loans to or investments in each other and otherwise enter into intercompany transactions. In addition, the cash flows and assets of one company are required to be used to pay the obligations of the other company, if necessary.
Given the DLC arrangement, we believe that providing separate financial statements for each of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc would not present a true and fair view of the economic realities of their operations. Accordingly, separate financial statements for Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc have not been presented.
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NOTE 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
We consolidate entities over which we have control, as typically evidenced by a voting control of greater than 50% or for which we are the primary beneficiary, whereby we have the power to direct the most significant activities and the obligation to absorb significant losses or receive significant benefits from the entity. We do not separately present our noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements since the amounts are immaterial. For affiliates we do not control but where significant influence over financial and operating policies exists, as typically evidenced by a voting control of 20% to 50%, the investment is accounted for using the equity method.
For 2024 and 2023, we reclassified certain immaterial amounts within cash flows from operating and financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows to conform to the current year presentation.
Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in our consolidated financial statements. We have made reasonable estimates and judgments of such items within our consolidated financial statements and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements. All material intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include investments with maturities of three months or less at acquisition which are stated at cost and present insignificant risk of changes in value.
Trade and Other Receivables
Although we generally require full payment from our customers prior to or concurrently with their cruise, we grant credit terms to a relatively small portion of our revenue source. We have receivables from credit card merchants and travel agents for cruise ticket purchases and onboard revenue. These receivables are included within trade and other receivables, net and are less allowances for expected credit losses.
Inventories
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment charges. We capitalize interest as part of the cost of capital projects incurred during construction. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over our estimated useful lives of the assets to a residual value, as a percentage of original cost, as follows:
| Years | Residual Values | ||||||||||
| Ships | |||||||||||
| Ship improvements | |||||||||||
| Buildings and improvements | |||||||||||
| Computer hardware and software | |||||||||||
| Transportation equipment and other | |||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements, including port facilities | Shorter of the remaining lease term or related asset life ( | ||||||||||
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The cost of ships under construction includes progress payments for the construction of new ships, as well as design and engineering fees, capitalized interest, construction oversight costs and various owner supplied items. Any liquidated damages received from shipyards are recorded as reductions to the cost basis of the ship.
We have a capital program for the improvement of our ships and for asset replacements to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of our operations; to comply with, or exceed, all relevant legal and statutory requirements related to health, environment, safety, security and sustainability; and to gain strategic benefits or provide improved product innovations to our guests. We account for ship improvement costs, including replacements of certain significant components and parts, by capitalizing those costs we believe add value to our ships and have a useful life greater than one year and depreciating those improvements over their estimated remaining useful life. The costs of repairs and maintenance, including those incurred when a ship is taken out-of-service for scheduled maintenance, and minor improvement costs and expenses, are charged to expense as incurred.
In addition, specifically identified or estimated cost and accumulated depreciation of previously capitalized ship components are written-off upon retirement, which may result in a loss on disposal that is also included in other operating expenses.
As of November 30, 2025, we have estimated our ships’ useful lives at 30 years and residual values at 15 % of our original ship cost. Our ships’ useful life and residual value estimates take into consideration the estimated weighted-average useful lives of the ships’ major component systems, such as hull, superstructure, main electric, engines and cabins. We also take into consideration the impact of technological changes, historical useful lives of similarly-built ships, long-term cruise and vacation market conditions and regulatory changes, including those related to the impact of greenhouse gases and other emissions on the environment. We determine the residual value of our ships based on our long-term estimates of their resale value at the end of their useful lives to us but before the end of their physical and economic lives to others, historical resale values of our and other cruise ships as well as our expectations of the long-term viability of the secondary cruise ship market.
We review estimated useful lives and residual values of our ships for reasonableness whenever events or circumstances indicate a revision is warranted. In December 2025, we completed such review considering the period over which we expect to operate our ships and our long-term plans. As a result, we determined our ships’ depreciable lives would be extended to 35 years. In connection with the increase in estimated useful life, we reduced our estimated residual value of each ship to be 5 % of our original ship cost for LNG powered ships and a range of salvage values under $25 million for all other ships, depending on the class and tonnage of the ship. This revision did not have a material impact on our financial statements and has been applied prospectively beginning December 1, 2025.
Leases
Substantially all of our leases for which we are the lessee are operating leases of port facilities and real estate and are included within operating lease right-of-use assets, net, long-term operating lease liabilities and current portion of operating lease liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at the lease inception date by evaluating whether the arrangement conveys the right to use an identified asset and whether we obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from and have the ability to direct the use of the asset.
We have port facilities and real estate lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, and in such cases, we account for the components as a single lease component.
We do not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for any leases that have an initial term of twelve months or less and do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain to exercise. For some of our port facilities and real estate lease agreements, we have the option to extend our current lease term by 1 to 10 years. Generally, we do not include renewal options as a component of our present value calculation as we are not reasonably certain that we will exercise the options.
As our leases do not have a readily determinable implicit rate, we estimate the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) to determine the present value of lease payments. We apply judgment in determining the IBR including considering the term of the lease, the currency in which the lease is denominated, and the impact of collateral and our credit risk on the rate.
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We recognize lease expense for our operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Goodwill and Other Intangibles
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business acquisition. We review our goodwill for impairment as of July 31 every year, or more frequently if events or circumstances dictate. All of our goodwill has been allocated to our reporting units. The impairment review for goodwill allows us to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a more detailed quantitative goodwill impairment test. We would perform the quantitative test if our qualitative assessment determined it is more-likely-than-not that a reporting unit’s estimated fair value is less than its carrying amount. We may also elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative test for any reporting unit. When performing the quantitative test, if the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no further analysis is required. However, if the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, goodwill is written down based on the difference between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and its fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Judgment is required in estimating the fair value of our reporting unit.
Emission Allowances
We became subject to the EU Emissions Trading System (“ETS”) on January 1, 2024, which includes a three-year phase-in period. The ETS regulates emissions through a “cap and trade” principle, where a cap is set on the total amount of certain emissions that can be emitted and requires us to procure emission allowances for certain emissions inside EU waters (as defined in the ETS). Emission allowances are recorded at cost and are included in prepaid expenses and other or other assets. Purchases of emission allowances are classified as operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Emission obligations are recorded when generated and are included in accrued liabilities and other and other long-term liabilities. The funded portion of the emission obligations are measured at the carrying value of the emission allowances and the unfunded portion of emission obligations is measured at the fair value of emission allowances necessary to settle. We record expense for emissions in EU waters in fuel expense in the period incurred. Emission allowances and obligations are derecognized when surrendered based on the first-in, first-out method, and are non-cash activities.
Equity Method Investments
Equity method investments are initially recognized at cost and are included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our proportionate interest in their results is included in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
Debt and Debt Issuance Costs
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Derivatives and Other Financial Instruments
We have in the past and may in the future utilize derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, such as foreign currency forwards, options and swaps, foreign currency debt obligations and foreign currency cash balances, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in certain foreign currency exchange rates. We have in the past and may in the future use interest rate swaps primarily to manage our interest rate exposure to achieve a desired proportion of fixed and floating rate debt. Our policy is to not use financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.
All derivatives are recorded at fair value. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, then the change in the fair value of the derivative is recognized as a component of AOCI until the underlying hedged item is recognized in earnings or the forecasted transaction is no longer probable. If a derivative or a non-derivative financial instrument is designated as a hedge of our net investment in a foreign operation, then changes in the effective portion of the fair value of the financial instrument are recognized as a component of AOCI to offset the change in the translated value of the designated portion of net investment being hedged until the investment is sold or substantially liquidated, while the impact attributable to components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness is recorded in interest expense, net of capitalized interest, on a systematic and rational basis. For derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, the change in fair value is recognized in earnings.
We classify the fair value of all our derivative contracts as either current or long-term, depending on the maturity date of the derivative contract. The cash flows from derivatives treated as cash flow hedges are classified in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the same category as the item being hedged.
Derivative valuations are based on observable inputs such as interest rates and commodity price curves, forward currency exchange rates, credit spreads, maturity dates, volatilities, and cross currency basis spreads. We use the income approach to value derivatives for foreign currency options and forwards, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps using observable market data for all significant inputs and standard valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount, assuming that participants are motivated but not compelled to transact.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
These consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Each foreign entity determines its functional currency by reference to its primary economic environment. Our most significant foreign entities utilize the U.S. dollar, Euro, Sterling or the Australian dollar as their functional currencies. We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign entities that have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses of these foreign entities are translated at the average rate for the period. Equity is translated at historical rates and the resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of AOCI, which is a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Therefore, the U.S. dollar value of the non-equity translated items in our consolidated financial statements will fluctuate from period to period, depending on the changing value of the U.S. dollar versus these currencies.
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Revenue and Expense Recognition
Guest cruise deposits and advance onboard purchases are initially included in customer deposits when received. Customer deposits are subsequently recognized as cruise revenues, together with revenues from onboard and other activities, and all associated direct expenses of a voyage are recognized as cruise expenses, upon completion of voyages with durations of ten nights or less and on a pro rata basis for voyages in excess of ten nights. The impact of recognizing these shorter duration cruise revenues and expenses on a completed voyage basis versus on a pro rata basis is not material. Certain of our product offerings are bundled and we allocate the value of the bundled services and goods between passenger ticket revenues and onboard and other revenues based upon the estimated standalone selling prices of those goods and services. Future travel discount vouchers are included as a reduction of passenger ticket revenues when such vouchers are utilized. Guest cancellation fees, when applicable, are recognized in passenger ticket revenues at the time of cancellation.
Our sales to guests of air and other transportation to and from airports near the home ports of our ships are included in passenger ticket revenues, and the related expenses of these services are included in prepaid expenses and other when paid prior to the start of a voyage and are subsequently recognized in transportation expenses at the time of revenue recognition. We had prepaid air and other transportation expenses of $233 million and $219 million as of November 30, 2025 and 2024. The proceeds that we collect from the sales of third-party shore excursions are included in onboard and other revenues and the related expenses are included in onboard and other expenses. The amounts collected on behalf of our onboard concessionaires, net of the amounts remitted to them, are included in onboard and other revenues as concession revenues. All of these amounts are recognized on a completed voyage or pro rata basis as discussed above.
Fees, taxes and charges that vary with guest head counts are expensed in commissions, transportation and other expenses when the corresponding revenues are recognized. The remaining portion of fees, taxes and charges are expensed in other operating expenses when the corresponding revenues are recognized.
Revenues and expenses from our hotel and transportation operations, which are included in our Tour and Other segment, are recognized at the time the services are performed.
Customer Deposits
Our payment terms generally require an initial deposit to confirm a reservation, with the balance due prior to the commencement of the voyage. We also offer our guests the advance purchase of onboard and other services. Cash received from guests in advance of the cruise is recorded in customer deposits and in other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts include refundable deposits. We had total customer deposits of $7.2 billion and $6.8 billion as of November 30, 2025 and 2024. During 2025 and 2024, we recognized revenues of $6.1 billion and $5.5 billion related to our customer deposits as of November 30, 2024 and 2023. Our customer deposits balance changes due to the seasonal nature of cash collections, which typically results from higher ticket prices and occupancy levels during the third quarter, the recognition of revenue, refunds of customer deposits and foreign currency changes.
Contract Costs
We recognize incremental travel agent commissions and credit and debit card fees incurred as a result of obtaining the ticket contract as assets when paid prior to the start of a voyage. We record these amounts within prepaid expenses and other and subsequently recognize these amounts as commissions, transportation and other at the time of revenue recognition or at the time of voyage cancellation. We had incremental costs of obtaining contracts with customers recognized as assets of $363 million and $336 million as of November 30, 2025 and 2024.
Insurance
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Selling and Administrative Expenses
Selling expenses include a broad range of advertising, marketing and promotional expenses. Advertising is charged to expense as incurred, except for media production costs, which are expensed upon the first airing of the advertisement. Selling expenses totaled $972 million in 2025, $925 million in 2024 and $851 million in 2023. Administrative expenses represent the costs of our shoreside support, reservations and other administrative functions, and include salaries and related benefits, professional fees and building occupancy costs, which are typically expensed as incurred.
Share-Based Compensation
We recognize compensation expense for share-based compensation awards using the fair value method. For time-based share awards, we recognize compensation cost ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the expected vesting period or to the retirement eligibility date, if earlier than the vesting period. For performance-based share awards, we recognize compensation cost ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the expected vesting period based on our estimate of performance conditions. If all or a portion of the performance condition is not expected to be met, the appropriate amount of previously recognized compensation expense is reversed and future compensation expense is adjusted accordingly. In addition, performance-based share awards for which the accounting grant date is not established at the time of the award are remeasured at the end of each reporting period. For market-based share awards, we recognize compensation cost ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the expected vesting period. Compensation expense will be recognized, even if the target market-based conditions are not expected to be met. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares and common stock equivalents outstanding during each period including the dilutive effect of convertible notes using the if-converted method. For earnings per share purposes, Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares are considered a single class of shares since they have equivalent rights.
Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance, Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This guidance requires annual and interim disclosure of significant segment expenses that are provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) as well as interim disclosures for all reportable segments’ measure of profit or loss and assets. This guidance also requires disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. We adopted this guidance retrospectively as of November 30, 2025. Refer to Note 12 - “Segment Information”.
In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance, Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This guidance requires disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction, as well as other amendments relating to income tax disclosures. This guidance is required to be adopted by us in 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued guidance, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures - Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This guidance requires annual and interim disclosure of disaggregated information for certain costs and expenses. This guidance is required to be adopted by us in 2028. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.
In July 2025, the FASB issued guidance, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. This guidance provides a practical expedient permitting an entity to assume that conditions at the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the life of the asset when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets accounted for under Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This guidance is required to be adopted by us in 2027. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.
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In September 2025, the FASB issued guidance, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software - Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. This guidance removes references to software development stages. Entities will be required to start capitalizing software costs when (i) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and (ii) it is probable the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. This guidance is required to be adopted by us in 2029. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3 – Property and Equipment
| November 30, | |||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||
| Ships and ship improvements | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Ships under construction | |||||||||||
| Other property and equipment | |||||||||||
| Total property and equipment | |||||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | ( | ( | |||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
Capitalized interest amounted to $75 million in 2025, $61 million in 2024 and $64 million in 2023.
Sales of Ships
During 2025, we completed the sales of one North America segment ship and one Europe segment ship, which represents a passenger-capacity reduction of 460 berths for our North America segment and 2,700 berths for our Europe segment. We will continue to operate the North America segment ship through May 2026 and the Europe segment ship through September 2026 under bareboat charter agreements.
NOTE 4 – Equity Method Investments
At November 30, 2025 and 2024, we had a 33 % and 49 % noncontrolling interest in Grand Bahama Shipyard Ltd. (“Grand Bahama”), a ship repair and maintenance facility. As of November 30, 2025, our investment in Grand Bahama was $27 million, consisting of $16 million in equity and a loan of $10 million. As of November 30, 2024, our investment in Grand Bahama was $45 million, consisting of $28 million in equity and a loan of $18 million. Grand Bahama provided an immaterial amount of services to us in 2025, 2024 and 2023.
At November 30, 2025 and 2024, we had a 33 % and 50 % noncontrolling interest in Floating Docks S. de RL. (“Floating Docks”), our joint venture with the other shareholders of Grand Bahama, which will construct two floating drydocks. The first was delivered in June 2025 and the second is expected to be delivered in early 2026. As of November 30, 2025 and 2024 our investment in Floating Docks was $130 million and $81 million. We have provided payment guarantees on behalf of Floating Docks. As of November 30, 2025 and 2024, the amounts outstanding under these guarantees were immaterial.
In June 2025, we sold one-third of our interest in Grand Bahama and Floating Docks. The sale did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements and the proceeds are included in other within investing activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
We have a 45 % noncontrolling interest in the White Pass & Yukon Route (“White Pass”) that includes port, railroad and retail operations in Skagway, Alaska. White Pass provided an immaterial amount of services to us in 2025, 2024 and 2023. As of November 30, 2025, our investment in White Pass was $64 million, consisting of $32 million in equity and a loan of $32 million. As of November 30, 2024, our investment in White Pass was $58 million, consisting of $26 million in equity and a loan of $32 million.
Our proportionate interest in the results of our equity method investments are not material.
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NOTE 5 – Debt
| November 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Maturity | Rate (a) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Secured Subsidiary Guaranteed | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | Jun 2027 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | Aug 2028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | Aug 2029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floating rate (b) | Aug 2027 - Oct 2028 | SOFR + | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Secured Subsidiary Guaranteed | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior Priority Subsidiary Guaranteed | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes (b) | May 2028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured Subsidiary Guaranteed | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes (b) | Mar 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes (b) | Mar 2027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible Notes | Dec 2025 (d) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes (b) | May 2029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | May 2029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| EUR Notes | Jan 2030 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | Mar 2030 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes (b) | Jun 2030 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | Jun 2031 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| EUR Notes | Jul 2031 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | Aug 2032 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | Feb 2033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| EUR floating rate (e) | Apr 2025 | EURIBOR + | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Floating rate | Aug 2027 - Nov 2027 | SOFR + | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Export Credit Facilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floating rate | Dec 2031 | SOFR + | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate | Aug 2027 - Dec 2032 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| EUR floating rate | Oct 2026 - Nov 2034 | EURIBOR + | |||||||||||||||||||||
| EUR fixed rate | Feb 2031 - Sep 2037 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Unsecured Subsidiary Guaranteed | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured (No Subsidiary Guarantee) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes | Jan 2028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| EUR Notes | Oct 2029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| EUR floating rate (e) | Apr 2029 | EURIBOR + | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Unsecured (No Subsidiary Guarantee) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Debt | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Total Debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: current portion of long-term debt | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-Term Debt | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)The reference rates, together with any applicable credit adjustment spread, for all of our floating rate debt have a 0.00 % floor.
(b)See “Debt Prepayments” below.
(c)As part of the repricing of our senior secured term loans, we amended the loans’ margin from 2.75 % to 2.00 %. See “Repricing of Senior Secured Term Loans” below.
(d)See “Convertible Notes” below.
(e)During 2025, the euro floating rate loan agreement was amended to increase the principal amount by $112 million, extend its maturity from April 2025 to April 2029, amend the loan’s margin from 3.25 % to 1.95 % and remove the subsidiary guarantee.
(f)Includes applicable credit adjustment spread.
As of November 30, 2025, all of our outstanding debt is issued or guaranteed by substantially the same entities with the exception of the $1.8
As of November 30, 2025, the scheduled maturities of our debt are as follows:
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Year | Principal Payments | ||||||||||
| 2026 (a) | $ | ||||||||||
| 2027 | |||||||||||
| 2028 | |||||||||||
| 2029 | |||||||||||
| 2030 | |||||||||||
| Thereafter | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | ||||||||||
(a)Includes $1.1 billion of our 5.75 % convertible senior notes due 2027 (“2027 Convertible Notes”) which were settled in December 2025. See “Convertible Notes” below.
Revolving Facility
During 2025, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc entered into a $4.5 billion unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility (“Revolving Facility”). The Revolving Facility replaced the $1.9 billion, €0.9 billion and £0.1 billion multi-currency revolving credit facility of Carnival Holdings (Bermuda) II Limited, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation. The Revolving Facility contains an accordion feature, allowing up to $1.0 billion of additional revolving commitments. We may borrow or utilize available amounts under the Revolving Facility through its maturity in June 2030, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions in the facility.
Borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest at a rate of term SOFR, EURIBOR, or daily compounding SONIA, as applicable, plus a margin based on the credit ratings of Carnival Corporation. In addition, we are required to pay certain fees on the aggregate commitments under the Revolving Facility.
As of November 30, 2025, we had $4.5 billion available for borrowing under the Revolving Facility.
Notes and Term Loans
Repricing of Senior Secured Term Loans
During 2025, we entered into amendments to reprice the outstanding principal amounts of our first-priority senior secured term loan facility maturing in 2027 and our first-priority senior secured term loan facility maturing in 2028 (“Repriced Loans”), which were included within the total Secured Subsidiary Guaranteed Loans balance in the debt table above. During 2025, the Repriced Loans were prepaid.
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Issuances and Borrowings
During 2025, we issued the following senior unsecured notes:
•$1.3 billion of 5.13 % senior unsecured notes due 2029
•$1.0 billion of 5.75 % senior unsecured notes due 2030
•$1.0 billion of 5.88 % senior unsecured notes due 2031
•$1.2 billion of 4.13 % senior unsecured euro notes due 2031
•$3.0 billion of 5.75 % senior unsecured notes due 2032
•$2.0 billion of 6.13 % senior unsecured notes due 2033
Additionally, we borrowed the following under unsecured term loan facilities maturing in 2027:
•$0.4 billion bearing interest at a rate per annum equal to SOFR plus 1.13 %
•$0.3 billion bearing interest at a rate per annum equal to SOFR plus 1.25 %
•$0.3 billion bearing interest at a rate per annum equal to SOFR plus 1.38 %
Prepayments
During 2025, we used proceeds from debt issuances and borrowings, together with cash on hand, to prepay the following debt instruments:
•7.63 % senior unsecured notes due 2026
•5.75 % senior unsecured notes due 2027
•First-priority senior secured term loan facilities maturing in 2027 and 2028
•10.38 % senior priority notes due 2028
•6.00 % senior unsecured notes due 2029
•10.50 % senior unsecured notes due 2030
The aggregate amount of these prepayments was $11.6 billion.
Debt Extinguishment and Modification Costs
During 2025, we recognized a total of $409 million of debt extinguishment and modification costs, including $271 million of premium paid on redemption, within our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as a result of the above transactions.
Export Credit Facility Borrowings
During 2025, we borrowed $0.8 billion under export credit facilities due in semi-annual installments through 2037. As of November 30, 2025, we had $7.8 billion of undrawn export credit facilities to fund ship deliveries planned through 2033. As of November 30, 2025, the net book value of our ships subject to negative pledges was $19.3 billion.
Convertible Notes
In September 2025, we issued a notice of redemption of the outstanding principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, up until the redemption date of December 5, 2025. As a result of the redemption notice, the 2027 Convertible Notes became convertible at the option of the holder through December 3, 2025. We elected to settle any conversions through a combination settlement. Substantially all holders of the $1.1 billion principal amount of the 2027 Convertible Notes elected to convert their notes, resulting in the issuance of 69.1 million shares of Carnival Corporation common stock and a cash payment of $500 million.
The net carrying value of our convertible notes was as follows:
| November 30, | ||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Principal | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Less: Unamortized debt discount and debt issue costs | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||||
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The interest expense recognized related to our convertible notes was as follows:
| November 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||
| Contractual interest expense | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount and debt issue costs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
As of November 30, 2025, the if-converted value above par was $1.0 billion on 84.5 million available shares for the 2027 Convertible Notes.
Collateral Pool
As of November 30, 2025, the net book value of our ships and ship improvements, excluding ships under construction, is $40.6 billion. Our secured debt is secured on a first-priority basis by certain collateral, which includes ships and certain assets related to those ships and material intellectual property (combined net book value of approximately $22.4 billion, including $20.8 billion related to ships and certain assets related to those ships as of November 30, 2025) and certain other assets.
Covenant Compliance
As of November 30, 2025, the most restrictive covenants for our Revolving Facility, unsecured loans and export credit facilities include the following:
•Maintain minimum interest coverage (adjusted EBITDA to consolidated net interest charges, as defined in the agreements) at a ratio of not less than 2.5 to 1.0 for the November 30, 2025 testing date, and at a ratio of not less than 3.0 to 1.0 for the February 28, 2026 testing date onwards
•Maintain minimum issued capital and consolidated reserves (as defined in the agreements) of $5.0 billion
•Limit our debt to capital (as defined in the agreements) percentage to a percentage not to exceed 65 %
•Maintain minimum liquidity of $1.5 billion
•Limit the amounts of our secured assets as well as secured and other indebtedness
At November 30, 2025, we were in compliance with the applicable covenants under our debt agreements. Generally, if an event of default under any debt agreement occurs, then, pursuant to cross-default and/or cross-acceleration clauses therein, substantially all of our outstanding debt could become due, and our debt could be terminated. Any financial covenant amendment may lead to increased costs, increased interest rates, additional restrictive covenants and other available lender protections that would be applicable.
NOTE 6 – Contingencies
Litigation
We are routinely involved in legal proceedings, claims, disputes, regulatory matters and governmental inspections or investigations arising in the ordinary course of or incidental to our business. We have insurance coverage for certain of these claims and actions, or any settlement of these claims and actions, and historically the maximum amount of our liability, net of any insurance recoverables, has been limited to our self-insurance retention levels.
We record provisions in the consolidated financial statements for pending litigation when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
Legal proceedings and government investigations are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or other events could occur. Unfavorable resolutions could involve substantial monetary damages. In addition, in matters for which conduct remedies are sought, unfavorable resolutions could include an injunction or other order prohibiting us from selling one or more products at all or in particular ways, precluding particular business practices or requiring other remedies. An unfavorable outcome might result in a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
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As previously disclosed, on May 2, 2019, the Havana Docks Corporation filed a lawsuit against Carnival Corporation in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida under Title III of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act, also known as the Helms-Burton Act, alleging that Carnival Corporation “trafficked” in confiscated Cuban property when certain ships docked at certain ports in Cuba, and that this alleged “trafficking” entitles the plaintiffs to treble damages. On March 21, 2022, the court granted summary judgment in favor of Havana Docks Corporation as to liability. On December 30, 2022, the court entered judgment against Carnival Corporation in the amount of $110 million plus $4 million in fees and costs. We appealed. On October 22, 2024, the Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit reversed the District Court’s judgment against us. On March 6, 2025, Havana Docks filed a petition for certiorari with the Supreme Court of the United States and we responded. On October 3, 2025, the Supreme Court accepted review of the case. Briefing on the merits is underway. We believe the ultimate outcome of this matter will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
As of November 30, 2025, two purported class actions brought against us by former guests in the Federal Court in Australia and in Italy remain pending, as previously disclosed. These actions include claims based on a variety of theories, including negligence, gross negligence and failure to warn, physical injuries and severe emotional distress associated with being exposed to and/or contracting COVID-19 onboard our ships. On October 24, 2023, the court in the Australian matter held that we were liable for negligence and for breach of consumer protection warranties as it relates to the lead plaintiff. The court ruled that the lead plaintiff was not entitled to any pain and suffering or emotional distress damages on the negligence claim and awarded medical costs. In relation to the consumer protection warranties claim, the court found that distress and disappointment damages amounted to no more than the refund already provided to guests and therefore made no further award. Further proceedings will determine the applicability of this ruling to the remaining class participants. On March 31, 2025, the court in the Italian matter returned a ruling rejecting most of the plaintiffs’ claims and awarding a half-price fare reduction for certain passengers. Plaintiffs have appealed the ruling. We continue to take actions to defend against the above claims. We believe the ultimate outcome of these matters will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Regulatory or Governmental Inquiries and Investigations
We have been, and may continue to be, impacted by breaches in data security and lapses in data privacy, which occur from time to time. These can vary in scope and range from inadvertent events to malicious motivated attacks.
We have incurred legal and other costs in connection with cyber incidents that have impacted us. The penalties and settlements paid in connection with cyber incidents over the last three years were not material. While past incidents did not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position or liquidity, no assurances can be given about the future and we may be subject to future attacks, incidents or litigation that could have such a material adverse effect.
On March 14, 2022, the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notified us of potential civil penalties and injunctive relief for alleged Clean Water Act violations by owned and operated vessels covered by the 2013 Vessel General Permit. We are working with these agencies to reach a resolution of this matter. We believe the ultimate outcome will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Other Contingent Obligations
Some of the debt contracts we enter into include indemnification provisions obligating us to make payments to the counterparty if certain events occur. These contingencies generally relate to changes in taxes or changes in laws which increase the lender’s costs. There are no stated or notional amounts included in the indemnification clauses, and we are not able to estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments, if any, under these indemnification clauses.
We have agreements with a number of credit card processors that transact customer deposits related to our cruise vacations. Certain of these agreements allow the credit card processors to request, under certain circumstances, that we provide a capped reserve fund in cash. Although the agreements vary, these requirements may generally be satisfied either through a withheld percentage of customer payments or providing cash funds directly to the credit card processor. As of November 30, 2025 and 2024, we were not required to maintain any reserve funds or compensating deposits.
NOTE 7 – Ship Commitments
As of November 30, 2025, our new ship growth capital commitments were $0.5 billion, $1.6 billion, $1.5 billion, $1.8 billion, $1.7 billion and $4.8 billion for the years ending November 30, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030 and thereafter.
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NOTE 8 – Taxation
A summary of our principal taxes and exemptions in the jurisdictions where our significant operations are located is as follows:
U.S. Income Tax
We are primarily foreign corporations engaged in the business of operating cruise ships in international transportation. We also own and operate, among other businesses, the U.S. hotel and transportation business of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours through U.S. corporations.
Our North American cruise ship businesses and certain ship-owning subsidiaries are engaged in a trade or business within the U.S. Depending on its itinerary, any particular ship may generate income from sources within the U.S. We believe that our U.S. source income and the income of our ship-owning subsidiaries, to the extent derived from, or incidental to, the international operation of a ship or ships, is exempt from U.S. federal income and branch profit taxes.
Our domestic U.S. operations, principally the hotel and transportation business of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours, are subject to federal and state income taxation in the U.S.
In general, under Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code, certain non-U.S. corporations (such as our North American cruise ship businesses) are not subject to U.S. federal income tax or branch profits tax on U.S. source income derived from, or incidental to, the international operation of a ship or ships. Applicable U.S. Treasury regulations provide in general that a foreign corporation will qualify for the benefits of Section 883 if, in relevant part, (i) the foreign country in which the foreign corporation is organized grants an equivalent exemption to corporations organized in the U.S. in respect of each category of shipping income for which an exemption is being claimed under Section 883 (an “equivalent exemption jurisdiction”) and (ii) the foreign corporation meets a defined publicly-traded corporation stock ownership test (the “publicly-traded test”). Subsidiaries of foreign corporations that are organized in an equivalent exemption jurisdiction and meet the publicly-traded test also benefit from Section 883. We believe that Panama is an equivalent exemption jurisdiction and that Carnival Corporation currently satisfies the publicly-traded test under the regulations. Accordingly, for fiscal 2025, substantially all of Carnival Corporation’s income is exempt from U.S. federal income and branch profit taxes.
Regulations under Section 883 list certain activities that the Internal Revenue Service does not consider to be incidental to the international operation of ships and, therefore, the income attributable to such activities, to the extent such income is U.S. sourced, does not qualify for the Section 883 exemption. Among the activities identified as not incidental are income from the sale of air transportation, transfers, shore excursions and pre- and post-cruise land packages to the extent earned from sources within the U.S.
We believe that the U.S. sourced transportation income earned by Carnival plc and its subsidiaries qualifies for exemption from U.S. federal income tax under applicable bilateral U.S. income tax treaties.
Carnival Corporation, Carnival plc and certain subsidiaries are subject to various U.S. state income taxes generally imposed on each state’s portion of the U.S. source income subject to U.S. federal income taxes. However, the state of Alaska imposes an income tax on its allocated portion of the total income of our companies doing business in Alaska and certain of their subsidiaries.
UK Income Tax
Cunard and P&O Cruises are divisions of Carnival plc and have elected to enter the UK tonnage tax regime under a rolling eight-year term and, accordingly, reapply every year. Companies to which the tonnage tax regime applies pay corporation taxes on profits calculated by reference to the net tonnage of qualifying ships. UK corporation tax is not chargeable under the normal UK tax rules on these brands’ relevant shipping income. Relevant shipping income includes income from the operation of qualifying ships and from shipping related activities.
For a company to be eligible for the regime, it must be subject to UK corporation tax and, among other matters, operate qualifying ships that are strategically and commercially managed in the UK. Companies within the UK tonnage tax regime are also subject to a seafarer training requirement.
Our UK non-shipping activities that do not qualify under the UK tonnage tax regime remain subject to normal UK corporation tax.
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Italian and German Income Tax
In December 2024, the European Commission formally approved the Italian tonnage tax rules for 10 years. In 2025, AIDA and Costa elected to remain in the Italian tonnage tax regime through 2034. Companies to which the tonnage tax regime applies pay corporation taxes on shipping profits calculated by reference to the net tonnage of qualifying ships.
Our non-shipping activities that do not qualify under the Italian tonnage tax regime remain subject to normal Italian corporation tax.
Substantially all of AIDA’s earnings are exempt from German income taxes by virtue of the Germany/Italy income tax treaty.
Global Minimum Tax
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) issued Model Rules for implementation of a 15 % minimum tax for multinational enterprises as part of its initiative intended to address the tax challenges arising from globalization. Subject to certain requirements, the OECD Model Rules provide an exclusion for international shipping income.
Carnival plc and its subsidiaries became subject to these rules beginning in fiscal 2025 and Carnival Corporation and its subsidiaries will be subject to the rules beginning in fiscal 2026. Carnival plc and its subsidiaries are eligible for the international shipping income exclusion based on their current structure. Effective December 1, 2025, Carnival Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries aligned into a single tax jurisdiction with Carnival plc. As a result, we do not believe the application of these rules will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We will continue to monitor the development of the OECD’s rules and evaluate the impact on our business.
Other
In addition to or in place of income taxes, virtually all jurisdictions where our ships call impose taxes, fees and other charges based on guest counts, ship tonnage, passenger capacity or some other measure.
NOTE 9 – Shareholders’ Equity
Carnival Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation authorize its Boards of Directors, at its discretion, to issue up to 40.0 million shares of preferred stock. At November 30, 2025 and 2024, no
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
| November 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Unrecognized pension expenses | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net gains on cash flow derivative hedges and other | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||
During 2025, 2024 and 2023, we had an immaterial amount of unrecognized pension expenses that were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss and were included within payroll and related expenses and selling and administrative expenses.
Dividends
In December 2025, the Boards of Directors approved the reinstatement of the company’s quarterly dividend and declared an initial $0.15 per share dividend with a record date of February 13, 2026 and a payment date of February 27, 2026.
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NOTE 10 – Fair Value Measurements, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and Financial Risks
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and is measured using inputs in one of the following three categories:
•Level 1 measurements are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Valuation of these items does not entail a significant amount of judgment
•Level 2 measurements are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or market data other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities
•Level 3 measurements are based on unobservable data that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities
Financial Instruments that are not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
| November 30, 2025 | November 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate debt (a) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floating rate debt (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Cash equivalents consisting of money market funds and cash investments with original maturities of less than 90 days were $1.4 billion and $0.4 billion as of November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024. These cash equivalents are considered Level 1 instruments.
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Nonfinancial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Valuation of Goodwill and Trademarks
As of July 31, 2025, we performed our annual impairment reviews and determined there was no impairment for goodwill or trademarks.
As of November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, goodwill for our North America segment was $579
| Trademarks | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | North America Segment | Europe Segment | Total | ||||||||||||||
| At November 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Exchange movements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| At November 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||
| Exchange movements | |||||||||||||||||
| At November 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Impairment of Ships
We review our ships for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a ship may not be recoverable. No
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
As of November 30, 2025, we had no remaining interest rate swaps. We previously had interest rate swaps whereby we received floating interest rate payments in exchange for making fixed interest rate payments. These derivatives were considered Level 2 instruments. The SOFR-based interest rate swap agreements effectively changed $1.0 billion of SOFR-based floating rate debt to fixed rate debt, were designated as cash flow hedges and were terminated in July 2025. The fair value of these derivatives, as of November 30, 2024 and the associated gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and in net income (loss) in 2025, 2024 and 2023 were not material.
Financial Risks
Fuel Price Risks
We manage our exposure to fuel price risk by managing our consumption of fuel. Substantially all of our exposure to market risk for changes in fuel prices relates to the consumption of fuel on our ships. We manage fuel consumption through fleet optimization, energy efficiency, itinerary efficiency, new technologies and alternative fuels.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risks
Overall Strategy
We manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through our normal operating and financing activities, including netting certain exposures to take advantage of any natural offsets and, when considered appropriate, through the use of derivative and non-derivative financial instruments. Our primary focus is to monitor our exposure to, and manage, the economic foreign currency exchange risks faced by our operations and realized if we exchange one currency for another. We consider hedging certain of our ship commitments and net investments in foreign operations. The financial impacts of our hedging instruments generally offset the changes in the underlying exposures being hedged.
Operational Currency Risks
Our operations primarily utilize the U.S. dollar, Euro, Sterling or the Australian dollar as their functional currencies. Our operations also have revenue and expenses denominated in non-functional currencies. Movements in foreign currency exchange rates affect our consolidated financial statements.
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Investment Currency Risks
We consider our investments in foreign operations to be denominated in stable currencies and of a long-term nature. We have euro-denominated debt which provides an economic offset for our operations with euro functional currency. In addition, we have in the past and may in the future utilize derivative financial instruments, such as cross currency swaps, to manage our exposure to investment currency risks.
Newbuild Currency Risks
Our shipbuilding contracts are typically denominated in euros. At November 30, 2025, our newbuild currency exchange rate risk relates to euro-denominated newbuild contract payments for non-euro functional currency brands. The cost of shipbuilding orders that we may place in the future that are denominated in a different currency than our cruise brands’ functional currency will be affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations may affect our decision to order new cruise ships. We have in the past and may in the future utilize derivative financial instruments, such as foreign currency derivatives, to manage our exposure to newbuild currency risks. Our decisions to hedge non-functional currency ship commitments for our cruise brands are made on a case-by-case basis, considering the amount and duration of the exposure, market volatility, economic trends, our overall expected net cash flows by currency and other offsetting risks.
Interest Rate Risks
Concentrations of Credit Risk
As part of our ongoing control procedures, we monitor concentrations of credit risk associated with financial and other institutions with which we conduct significant business. We seek to manage these credit risk exposures, including counterparty nonperformance primarily associated with our cash and cash equivalents, investments, notes receivables, reserve funds related to customer deposits (when required), future financing facilities, contingent obligations, derivative instruments, insurance contracts and new ship progress payment guarantees, by:
•Conducting business with well-established financial institutions, insurance companies and export credit agencies
•Diversifying our counterparties
•Having guidelines regarding credit ratings and investment maturities that we follow to help safeguard liquidity and minimize risk
•Generally requiring collateral and/or guarantees to support notes receivable on significant asset sales and new ship progress payments to shipyards
We also monitor the creditworthiness of travel agencies, tour operators and credit and debit card providers to which we extend credit in the normal course of our business. Our credit exposure also includes contingent obligations related to cash payments received directly by travel agents and tour operators for cash collected by them on cruise sales in certain European countries where we are obligated to honor our guests’ cruise payments made by them to their travel agents and tour operators regardless of whether we have received these payments.
Concentrations of credit risk associated with trade receivables and other receivables, charter-hire agreements and contingent obligations are not considered to be material, principally due to the large number of unrelated accounts, the nature of these contingent obligations and their short maturities. Normally, we have not required collateral or other security to support normal credit sales and have not experienced significant credit losses.
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NOTE 11 – Leases
The components of expense were as follows:
| November 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease expense | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Variable lease expense (a) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
(a)Variable lease expense represents costs associated with our multi-year preferential berthing agreements which vary based on the number of passengers. These costs are recorded within commissions, transportation and other in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Variable lease expense related to operating leases, other than the port facilities, were not material to our consolidated financial statements.
During 2025, 2024 and 2023, the cash outflow for leases was materially consistent with the lease expense recognized and short-term lease costs were not material for the periods presented.
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new and amended operating lease liabilities was $103 million in 2025, $247 million in 2024 and $108 million in 2023.
Weighted average of the remaining lease terms and weighted average discount rates are as follows:
November 30, 2025 | November 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years) | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate - operating leases | % | % | ||||||||||||
As of November 30, 2025, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:
(in millions) Year | ||||||||
| 2026 | $ | |||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||
2030 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total lease payments | ||||||||
| Less: Present value discount | ( | |||||||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | |||||||
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NOTE 12 – Segment Information
The chief operating decision maker, who is the Chief Executive Officer of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc, assesses performance and makes decisions to allocate resources based upon review of the results across all of our segments. The operating segments within each of our reportable segments have been aggregated based on the similarity of their economic and other qualitative characteristics, including geographic guest sourcing. Our four reportable segments are comprised of (1) North America cruise operations (“North America”), (2) Europe cruise operations (“Europe”), (3) Cruise Support and (4) Tour and Other.
Our Cruise Support segment includes our portfolio of leading port destinations and exclusive islands as well as other services, all of which are operated for the benefit of our cruise brands. Our Tour and Other segment represents the hotel and transportation operations of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours and other operations.
Our CODM uses adjusted operating income (loss) in assessing segment performance and determining how to allocate resources. This metric is used to review segment operating trends and monitor variances against the plan and prior year results. Resource allocation primarily occurs during the annual capital appropriation process.
The below tables include our calculation of adjusted operating income (loss), our significant segment expenses, and a reconciliation of adjusted operating income (loss) to net income (loss) before income taxes:
| As of and for the year ended November 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | North America | Europe | Cruise Support | Tour and Other | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Cruise and tour operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commissions, transportation and other | ( | (e) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Onboard and other | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Payroll and related | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fuel | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Food | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted other operating (a)(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total adjusted cruise and tour operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted selling and administrative expense (c)(d) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gains on ship sales and impairments | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring expenses | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Debt extinguishment and modification costs | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Expenditures | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
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(a)Represents other operating expenses, which include port costs that do not vary with guest head counts; repairs and maintenance, including minor improvements and dry-dock expenses; hotel costs; entertainment; freight and logistics; insurance premiums; tour and other expenses for our hotel and transportation operations and all other ship operating expenses.
(b)Excludes gains on ship sales and impairments.
(c)Excludes restructuring expenses.
(d)Excludes certain other gains and losses that are not part of our core operating business.
(e)Includes intercompany port fees, taxes and charges to our cruise segments related to our port destinations and exclusive islands, which eliminate in consolidation.
| As of and for the year ended November 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | North America | Europe | Cruise Support | Tour and Other | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Cruise and tour operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commissions, transportation and other | ( | (d) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Onboard and other | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Payroll and related | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fuel | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Food | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted other operating (a)(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total adjusted cruise and tour operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted selling and administrative expense (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gains on ship sales and impairments | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring expenses | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Debt extinguishment and modification costs | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Expenditures | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
(a)Represents other operating expenses, which include port costs that do not vary with guest head counts; repairs and maintenance, including minor improvements and dry-dock expenses; hotel costs; entertainment; freight and logistics; insurance premiums; tour and other expenses for our hotel and transportation operations and all other ship operating expenses.
(b)Excludes gains on ship sales and impairments.
(c)Excludes restructuring expenses.
(d)Includes intercompany port fees, taxes and charges to our cruise segments related to our port destinations and exclusive islands, which eliminate in consolidation.
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| As of and for the year ended November 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | North America | Europe | Cruise Support | Tour and Other | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Cruise and tour operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commissions, transportation and other | ( | (d) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Onboard and other | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Payroll and related | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fuel | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Food | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted other operating (a)(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total adjusted cruise and tour operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted selling and administrative expense (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gains on ship sales and impairments | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring expenses | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Debt extinguishment and modification costs | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Expenditures | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
(a)Represents other operating expenses, which include port costs that do not vary with guest head counts; repairs and maintenance, including minor improvements and dry-dock expenses; hotel costs; entertainment; freight and logistics; insurance premiums; tour and other expenses for our hotel and transportation operations and all other ship operating expenses.
(b)Excludes gains on ship sales and impairments.
(c)Excludes restructuring expenses.
(d)Includes intercompany port fees, taxes and charges to our cruise segments related to our port destinations and exclusive islands, which eliminate in consolidation.
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Revenue by country, which are based on where our guests are sourced, were as follows:
| Years Ended November 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Germany | |||||||||||||||||
United Kingdom | |||||||||||||||||
| Other (a) | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
(a)No other individual country’s revenue exceeded 10% for the years ended November 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
Substantially all of our long-lived assets consist of our ships and move between geographic areas.
NOTE 13 – Compensation Plans and Post-Employment Benefits
Equity Plans
We issue our share-based compensation awards, which at November 30, 2025 included time-based share awards (restricted stock awards and restricted stock units) and performance-based share awards (restricted stock units) (collectively “equity awards”), under the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc stock plans. Equity awards are principally granted to management level employees and members of our Boards of Directors. The plans are administered by the Compensation Committees which are made up of independent directors who determine which employees are eligible to participate, the monetary value or number of shares for which equity awards are to be granted and the amounts that may be exercised or sold within a specified term. We had an aggregate of 22.7 million shares available for future grant at November 30, 2025. We fulfill our equity award obligations using shares purchased in the open market or with unissued or treasury shares. Our equity awards generally vest over a three-year period, subject to earlier vesting under certain conditions.
| Shares | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at November 30, 2024 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | $ | ||||||||||
| Vested | ( | $ | |||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | $ | |||||||||
| Outstanding at November 30, 2025 | $ | ||||||||||
As of November 30, 2025, there was $157 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to equity awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.
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Single-employer Defined Benefit Pension Plans
We maintain several single-employer defined benefit pension plans, which cover certain shipboard and shoreside employees. The U.S. and UK shoreside employee plans are closed to new membership and are funded at or above the level required by U.S. or UK regulations. The remaining defined benefit plans are primarily unfunded. These plans provide pension benefits primarily based on employee compensation and years of service.
| UK Plan (a) | All Other Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in projected benefit obligation: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Projected benefit obligation as of December 1 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Past service cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial (gain) loss on plans’ liabilities | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan amendments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan curtailments, settlements and other | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange movements and other | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Projected benefit obligation as of November 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in plan assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets as of December 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Return (loss) on plans’ assets | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer contributions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan settlements | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative expenses | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange movements and other | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets as of November 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funded status as of November 30 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
(a)The P&O Princess Cruises (UK) Pension Scheme (“UK Plan”).
The amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these plans were as follows:
| UK Plan | All Other Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, | November 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued liabilities and other | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $252 million and $244 million at November 30, 2025 and 2024.
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Amounts for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of fair value of plan assets are as follows:
| November 30, | ||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Projected benefit obligation | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The net periodic pension cost recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) were as follows:
| UK Plan | All Other Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, | November 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of net loss (gain) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement loss recognized | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic pension cost (income) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The components of net periodic pension cost other than the service cost component are included in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the projected benefit obligation are as follows:
| UK Plan | All Other Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net pension income are as follows:
| UK Plan | All Other Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on assets | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The discount rate used to determine the UK Plan’s projected benefit obligation was determined as the single equivalent rate based on applying a yield curve determined from AA credit rated bonds at the balance sheet date to the cash flows making up the pension plan’s obligations. The discount rate used to determine the UK Plan’s future net periodic pension cost was determined as the equivalent rate based on applying each individual spot rate from a yield curve determined from AA credit rated bonds at the balance sheet date for each year’s cash flow. The UK Plan’s expected long-term return on plan assets is consistent with the long-term investment return target provided to the UK Plan’s fiduciary manager (UK government fixed interest bonds (gilts)) plus 1.5 % and was 5.1 % per annum as of November 30, 2025.
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Amounts recognized in AOCI are as follows:
| UK Plan | All Other Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, | November 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial losses (gains) recognized in the current year | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization and settlements included in net periodic pension cost | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
We anticipate making contributions of $30 million to the plans during 2026. Estimated future benefit payments to be made during each of the next five fiscal years and in the aggregate during the succeeding five fiscal years are as follows:
| (in millions) | UK Plan | All Other Plans | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||||||||
| 2030 | ||||||||||||||
| 2031-2035 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Our investment strategy for our pension plan assets is to maintain a diversified portfolio of asset classes to produce a sufficient level of diversification and investment return over the long term. The investment policy for each plan specifies the type of investment vehicles appropriate for the plan, asset allocation guidelines, criteria for selection of investment managers and procedures to monitor overall investment performance, as well as investment manager performance. As of November 30, 2025 and 2024, the All Other Plans were unfunded.
The fair values of the plan assets of the UK Plan by investment class are as follows:
| November 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Equities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| UK government fixed interest bonds (gilts) | ||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans
We participate in two multiemployer defined benefit pension plans in the UK, the British Merchant Navy Officers Pension Fund (registration number 10005645) (“MNOPF”), which is divided into two sections, the “Old Section” and the “New Section,” and the British Merchant Navy Ratings Pension Fund (registration number 10005646) (“MNRPF”). Collectively, we refer to these as “the multiemployer plans.” The multiemployer plans are maintained for the benefit of the employees of the participating employers who make contributions to the plans. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans, including:
•Contributions made by employers, including us, may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers
•If any of the participating employers were to withdraw from the multiemployer plans or fail to make their required contributions, any unfunded obligations would be the responsibility of the remaining participating employers
We are contractually obligated to make all required contributions as determined by the plans’ trustees. All of our multiemployer plans are closed to new membership and future benefit accrual.
The MNOPF Old Section is fully funded and covered by a third-party insurer, with no further funding obligations.
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We expense our portion of the MNOPF New Section deficit as amounts are invoiced by, and become due and payable to, the trustees. Based on the final triennial valuation as of March 31, 2024 of the MNOPF New Section, it was determined that this plan was 99 % funded. In 2025, 2024 and 2023, our contributions to the MNOPF New Section did not exceed 5
We accrue and expense our portion of the MNRPF deficit based on our estimated probable obligation from the most recent actuarial review. Based on the most recent triennial valuation at March 31, 2023 of the MNRPF, it was determined that this plan was 85 % funded. Our share of the deficit of $3 million was paid in 2024. In 2025, 2024 and 2023, our contributions to the MNRPF did not exceed 5
Total expense (benefit) for the multiemployer plans was $2 million in 2025, $(19 ) million in 2024 and $1 million in 2023.
Defined Contribution Plans
We have several defined contribution plans available to most of our employees. We contribute to these plans based on employee contributions, salary levels and length of service. Total expense for these plans was $54 million in 2025, $47 million in 2024 and $48 million in 2023.
NOTE 14 – Earnings Per Share
| Years Ended November 30, | |||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except per share data) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Interest expense on dilutive Convertible Notes | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) for diluted earnings per share | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of equity awards | |||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of Convertible Notes | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
Antidilutive shares excluded from diluted earnings per share computations were as follows:
| November 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity awards | |||||||||||||||||
| Convertible Notes | |||||||||||||||||
| Total antidilutive securities | |||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 15 – Supplemental Cash Flow Information
| November 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents (Consolidated Balance Sheets) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash (included in prepaid expenses and other and other assets) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, was $1.2 billion in 2025, $1.6 billion in 2024 and $2.0 billion in 2023. Cash benefit received (paid) for income taxes, net was not material in 2025, 2024 and 2023. Non-cash purchases of property and equipment included in accrued liabilities and other were $417 million in 2025, $392 million in 2024 and $307 million in 2023.
For the years ended November 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, we did not
In 2025, emission allowances and obligations of $48 million were surrendered and derecognized based on the first-in, first out method, and were non-cash activities.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Boards of Directors and Shareholders of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Carnival Corporation & plc (comprising Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc and their respective subsidiaries, the “Company”) as of November 30, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the two years in the period ended November 30, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of November 30, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended November 30, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Debt – Refer to Notes 2 and 5 to the Financial Statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
As of November 30, 2025, the Company had current debt of $2.6 billion, long-term debt of $24.0 billion, and recorded debt extinguishment and modification costs of $409 million. Debt is recorded at initial fair value, which normally reflects the proceeds received by the Company, net of debt issuance costs. Debt is subsequently stated at amortized cost. Debt issuance costs, discounts and premiums are generally amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the term of the debt. Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented as a direct deduction of the carrying amount of that debt, consistent with debt discounts. Debt issuance costs related to the Company’s revolving facility and export credit facilities not yet drawn are deferred and recorded as an asset. Debt issuance costs paid to lenders related to a recognized debt liability are netted against the proceeds from the related debt while debt issuance costs paid to third parties, or related to undrawn credit facilities, are presented separately within financing activities. Debt instruments are also evaluated by the Company for the existence of features that must be separated and accounted for as a derivative. During the year ended November 30, 2025, the Company entered into various debt transactions that involved issuance of new debt, modification and extinguishment of existing debt, and refinancing of existing syndicated debt.
We identified the accounting for debt and the related debt transactions, as a critical audit matter because of the complexity involved in (i) evaluating the accounting for the refinanced debt including whether such refinancing transactions resulted in a debt modification or extinguishment and the associated impact on debt issuance costs, including the recognition of debt extinguishment and modification costs, (ii) evaluating the appropriate statement of cash flow presentation for a debt transaction that involved a syndicated loan with multiple lenders, and (iii) evaluating the existence of and accounting for features embedded in new, amended and refinanced debt agreements that must be separated and accounted for as a derivative. This required an increased extent of effort due to the potential magnitude and complexity of the debt transactions, including the assistance of our professionals with specialized knowledge in the relevant technical accounting guidance required when performing audit procedures to address these matters.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the accounting for debt and related debt transactions included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over debt including those over the application of relevant technical accounting guidance to complex and significant debt transactions.
•We evaluated and tested management’s debt modification or extinguishment analysis by:
◦Testing the accuracy and completeness, including mathematical accuracy, of management’s analysis.
◦Evaluating management’s analysis over whether the debt transactions met the conditions to be treated as a debt modification or extinguishment by evaluating their analysis against the relevant technical accounting guidance.
•We evaluated and tested management’s analysis of the cash receipts and repayment amounts, on a lender-by-lender basis, related to the refinancing of existing syndicated debt to assess the appropriateness of such amounts in the statement of cash flows presentation by:
◦Reading the terms of the debt agreements related to the syndicated loan with multiple lenders.
◦Testing the completeness and accuracy, including mathematical accuracy, of the Company’s lender-by-lender analysis.
◦Evaluating management’s analysis over whether the cash receipts and repayment amounts, on a lender-by-lender basis, met the conditions to be accounted for as a debt modification or extinguishment.
◦Utilizing the assistance of our professionals with specialized knowledge in the relevant technical accounting guidance we evaluated the Company’s conclusion regarding the appropriate statement of cash flow presentation.
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•We evaluated the conclusions reached by management on their analysis of the terms in the new, amended and refinanced debt agreements to evaluate the existence of features in the new, amended and refinanced debt agreements that must be separated and accounted for as a derivative by:
◦Reading the terms for a selection of debt agreements to evaluate the existence of features in the new, amended and refinanced debt agreements that must be separated and accounted for as a derivative.
◦Evaluating management’s analysis identifying the existence of and accounting for the features in the new, amended and refinanced debt agreements that must be separated and accounted for as a derivative by evaluating their analysis against the relevant technical accounting guidance.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
January 27, 2026
We have served as the Company’s auditor since fiscal 2024.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Boards of Directors and Shareholders of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the consolidated statements of income (loss), of comprehensive income (loss), of shareholders’ equity and of cash flows of Carnival Corporation & plc (comprising Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc and their respective subsidiaries, the “Company”) for the year ended November 30, 2023 including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the year ended November 30, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for convertible instruments in 2023.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
January 26, 2024, except for the change in the manner in which the Company accounts for segments discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is January 27, 2026
We served as the Company's auditor from 2003 to 2024. Prior to that, we served as Carnival Corporation’s auditor since at least 1986. We were not able to determine the specific year we began serving as auditor of Carnival Corporation.
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
A. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures and have concluded, as of November 30, 2025, that they are effective as described above.
B. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-15(f). Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework (the “COSO Framework”). Based on this evaluation under the COSO Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of November 30, 2025.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements incorporated in this Form 10-K, has also audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2025 as stated in their report, which is shown in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this Form 10-K.
C. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended November 30, 2025 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
Trading Plans
During the quarter ended November 30, 2025, no director or Section 16 officer adopted terminated
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
None.
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PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Directors
Information regarding our directors, as required by Item 10, is incorporated herein by reference from the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc joint definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the 2025 fiscal year.
Information About Our Executive Officers
The table below sets forth the name, age, years of service and title of each of our executive officers as of January 27, 2026. Titles listed relate to positions within Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc unless otherwise noted.
Age | Years of Service | Title | |||||||||||||||
| Micky Arison | 76 | 54 | Chair of the Boards of Directors | ||||||||||||||
| David Bernstein | 68 | 27 | Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer | ||||||||||||||
| Bettina Deynes | 53 | 7 | Global Chief Human Resources Officer | ||||||||||||||
| Lars Ljoen | 56 | 10 | Chief Maritime Officer | ||||||||||||||
| Enrique Miguez | 61 | 28 | General Counsel | ||||||||||||||
Josh Weinstein | 51 | 23 | Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||||||||
Business Experience of Executive Officers
Micky Arison has been Chair of the Boards of Directors since 1990 and a Director since 1987. He was Chief Executive Officer from 1979 to 2013.
David Bernstein has been Chief Financial Officer since 2007 and Chief Accounting Officer since 2016.
Bettina Deynes has been Global Chief Human Resources Officer since 2022 and she was Chief Human Resources Officer of Carnival Cruise Line from 2019 to 2022.
Lars Ljoen has been Chief Maritime Officer since February 2025. He was Chief Operations Officer for Carnival Cruise Line from 2022 to January 2025 and Executive Vice President, Maritime of Carnival Cruise Line from 2018 to 2022.
Enrique Miguez has been General Counsel since 2021. He was Vice President and Deputy General Counsel from 2003 to 2021.
Josh Weinstein has been Chief Executive Officer since 2022. He was Chief Operations Officer from 2020 to 2022, President of Carnival UK from 2017 to 2022 and Treasurer from 2007 to 2017.
Corporate Governance
Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applies to all our team members and our Boards of Directors and states our commitment to conduct business ethically, among other things, without the influence of bribes or acts of corruption. We are committed to complying with the laws prohibiting bribery and other corrupt practices that apply everywhere we operate. Additionally, we provide trainings on anti-corruption laws and regulations and how to identify bribery to our team members. This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on our website, which is located at www.carnivalcorp.com and www.carnivalplc.com. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of the Form 8-K regarding any amendments to, or waivers from, provisions of this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by posting such information on our website, at the addresses specified above.
The additional information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference from the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc joint definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the 2025 fiscal year.
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Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference from the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc joint definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the 2025 fiscal year.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
A. Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
I. Carnival Corporation
Set forth below is a table that summarizes compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which Carnival Corporation equity securities are authorized for issuance as of November 30, 2025.
| Plan category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of warrants and rights (in millions) | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (1)) (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 9.6 | (a) | — | 24.8 | (b) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 9.6 | — | 24.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Represents 9.6 million of restricted share units outstanding under the Carnival Corporation 2020 Stock Plan.
(b)Includes Carnival Corporation common stock available for issuance as of November 30, 2025 as follows: 4.4 million under the Carnival Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which includes 90,875 subject to purchase during the current purchase period and 20.4 million under the Carnival Corporation 2020 Stock Plan.
II. Carnival plc
Set forth below is a table that summarizes compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which Carnival plc equity securities are authorized for issuance as of November 30, 2025.
Plan category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of warrants and rights (in millions) | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (1)) (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2.6 | (a) | — | 11.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| 2.6 | — | 11.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
(a)Represents 2.6 million restricted share units outstanding under the Carnival plc 2014 Employee Share Plan and Carnival plc 2024 Employee Share Plan.
The additional information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc joint definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the 2025 fiscal year.
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Items 13 and 14. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence and Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by Items 13 and 14 is incorporated herein by reference from the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc joint definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the 2025 fiscal year.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) (1) Financial Statements
Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data and are included beginning on page 44 of this report.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
None.
(3) Exhibits
The exhibits listed below on the Index to Exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-K.
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| INDEX TO EXHIBITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Articles of incorporation and by-laws | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | 8-K | 3.1 | 4/17/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | 8-K | 3.1 | 4/20/09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.3 | 8-K | 3.3 | 4/20/09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indenture | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.2 | 10-Q | 4.1 | 10/15/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.3 | 10-Q | 4.2 | 10/15/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.4 | S-4 | 4.3 | 5/30/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5 | S-3 & F-3 | 4.10 | 6/19/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.6 | S-3 & F-3 | 4.16 | 6/19/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.7 | 8-K | 4.1 | 4/17/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.8 | 8-K | 4.2 | 4/17/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| INDEX TO EXHIBITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.9 | 8-K | 4.3 | 4/17/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.10 | Post Amend- ment to Form F-6 | 99-a | 4/15/03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.11 | S-3 | 4.1 | 7/2/09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.12 | 10-K | 4.12 | 1/28/20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.13 | 10-K | 4.15 | 1/28/20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Material contracts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.1* | 10-Q | 10.1 | 6/27/08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.2* | 10-Q | 10.2 | 6/27/08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.3 | 10-Q | 10.2 | 7/12/02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.4* | 10-Q | 10.3 | 7/10/20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.5* | 10-Q | 10.5 | 7/10/20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.6* | 10-Q | 10.1 | 6/28/21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.7 | 10-Q | 10.3 | 9/30/21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
87
| INDEX TO EXHIBITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.8* | 10-Q | 10.4 | 3/28/22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.9* | 10-Q | 10.1 | 6/29/22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.10* | 10-Q | 10.2 | 9/30/22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.11* | 10-Q | 10.1 | 3/29/23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.12* | 10-Q | 10.3 | 3/29/23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.13* | 10-Q | 10.1 | 6/28/23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.14* | 10-Q | 10.2 | 6/28/23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.15* | 10-Q | 10.3 | 6/28/23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.16 | 10-Q | 10.3 | 9/29/23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.17 | 10-Q | 10.3 | 6/27/24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.18* | 10-Q | 10.4 | 6/27/24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.19* | 10-Q | 10.5 | 6/27/24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.20* | 10-Q | 10.6 | 6/27/24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
88
| INDEX TO EXHIBITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.21* | 10-Q | 10.7 | 6/27/24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.22 | 10-Q | 10.3 | 3/25/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.23 | 10-Q | 10.4 | 3/25/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.24 | 10-Q | 10.1 | 6/26/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.25 | 10-Q | 10.2 | 6/26/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.26 | 10-Q | 10.1 | 9/29/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.27 | 10-Q | 10.2 | 9/29/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.28 | 10-Q | 10.3 | 9/29/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.29* | 10-Q | 10.4 | 9/29/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.30* | 10-Q | 10.5 | 9/29/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
89
| INDEX TO EXHIBITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.31* | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.32 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insider Trading Policies and Procedures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 | 10-K | 19 | 1/27/25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsidiaries of the registrants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consents of experts and counsel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Power of attorney | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.3 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
90
| INDEX TO EXHIBITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.4 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Section 1350 certifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.1** | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.2** | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.3** | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.4** | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Policy Relating to Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97 | 10-K | 97 | 1/26/24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interactive data file | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 | The consolidated financial statements from Carnival Corporation & plc’s Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2025, as filed with the SEC on January 27, 2026 formatted in Inline XBRL, are as follows: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the years ended November 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023; | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended November 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023; | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at November 30, 2025 and 2024; | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended November 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023; | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (v) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended November 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 and | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (vi) the notes to the consolidated financial statements, tagged in summary and detail. | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
91
| INDEX TO EXHIBITS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | The cover page from Carnival Corporation & plc’s Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2026, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Indicates a management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.
** These items are furnished and not filed.
# Certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
None.
92
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each of the registrants has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| CARNIVAL CORPORATION | CARNIVAL PLC | ||||
/s/ Josh Weinstein | /s/ Josh Weinstein | ||||
Josh Weinstein | Josh Weinstein | ||||
| Chief Executive Officer | Chief Executive Officer | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of each of the registrants and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| CARNIVAL CORPORATION | CARNIVAL PLC | ||||
/s/ Josh Weinstein | /s/ Josh Weinstein | ||||
Josh Weinstein | Josh Weinstein | ||||
| Chief Executive Officer and Director | Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/ David Bernstein | /s/ David Bernstein | ||||
| David Bernstein | David Bernstein | ||||
| Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer | Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/*Micky Arison | /s/*Micky Arison | ||||
| Micky Arison | Micky Arison | ||||
| Chair of the Board of | Chair of the Board of | ||||
| Directors | Directors | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/*Sir Jonathon Band | /s/*Sir Jonathon Band | ||||
| Sir Jonathon Band | Sir Jonathon Band | ||||
| Director | Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/*Jason Glen Cahilly | /s/*Jason Glen Cahilly | ||||
| Jason Glen Cahilly | Jason Glen Cahilly | ||||
| Director | Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/*Nelda J. Connors | /s/*Nelda J. Connors | ||||
| Nelda Connors | Nelda Connors | ||||
| Director | Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
93
| /s/*Helen Deeble | /s/*Helen Deeble | ||||
| Helen Deeble | Helen Deeble | ||||
| Director | Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/*Jeffrey J. Gearhart | /s/*Jeffrey J. Gearhart | ||||
| Jeffrey J. Gearhart | Jeffrey J. Gearhart | ||||
| Director | Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/*Katie Lahey | /s/*Katie Lahey | ||||
| Katie Lahey | Katie Lahey | ||||
| Director | Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/*Stuart Subotnick | /s/*Stuart Subotnick | ||||
| Stuart Subotnick | Stuart Subotnick | ||||
| Director | Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/*Laura Weil | /s/*Laura Weil | ||||
| Laura Weil | Laura Weil | ||||
| Director | Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| /s/*Randall Weisenburger | /s/*Randall Weisenburger | ||||
| Randall Weisenburger | Randall Weisenburger | ||||
| Director | Director | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
| *By: /s/ Enrique Miguez | *By: /s/ Enrique Miguez | ||||
| Enrique Miguez | Enrique Miguez | ||||
| (Attorney-in-fact) | (Attorney-in-fact) | ||||
| January 27, 2026 | January 27, 2026 | ||||
94
Exhibit 4.1
November 18, 2025
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, DC 20549
RE: Carnival Corporation, Commission File No. 001-9610, and
Carnival plc, Commission File No. 001-15136
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Pursuant to Item 601(b) (4) (iii) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc (the “Companies”) hereby agree to furnish copies of certain long-term debt instruments to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon the request of the Commission and, in accordance with such regulation, such instruments are not being filed as part of the joint Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Companies for their year ended November 30, 2025.
Very truly yours,
CARNIVAL CORPORATION AND CARNIVAL PLC
/s/ Enrique Miguez
Enrique Miguez
General Counsel
November 18, 2025
EXECUTION VERSION
Service Agreement
Carnival plc, trading as Carnival UK
and
Lars Ljoen
Dated: September 30, 2025
DATED: September 30, 2025
PARTIES
(1) Carnival plc, trading as Carnival UK, Company No. 04039524 of Carnival House, 100 Harbour Parade, Southampton, SO15 1ST (the Company); and
(2) Lars Ljoen of [address] (the Executive).
IT IS AGREED as follows:
OPERATIVE TERMS
Definitions and interpretation
1.1 In this Agreement the words below have the meanings next to them unless the context requires otherwise:
| Capacity | as agent, consultant, director, employee, owner, partner, shareholder or any other capacity. | ||||
| Companies Act 2006 | the Companies Act 2006 including any statutory modification or re-enactment thereof. | ||||
| Confidential Information | Know-How or information of a confidential nature (whether or not recorded in documentary form, or stored on any magnetic or optical disk or memory) to which the Executive has previously been privy and including but not limited to any business secrets of the Company or Group Company, any information in respect of which the Company or Group Company is bound by an obligation of confidence to any third party, strategies and plans of the Company or Group Company information and details of and concerning the engagement, employment and termination of employment of any employee or officer of, or provider of services to, the Company or Group Company, information and details of and concerning the engagement, service and termination of engagement and services of the Executive under this Agreement, pricing and other strategies of the Company or Group Company, details of suppliers and their terms of business, details of customers and their requirements, the prices charged to and terms of business with customers, marketing plans and sales forecasts, financial information, results and forecasts (save to the extent that these are included in published audited accounts), commercial information, any proposals relating to the acquisition or disposal of a company or business or any part thereof or to any proposed expansion or contraction of activities, information relating to research activities, trade secrets, inventions, secret processes, designs, formulae and product lines, any information which the Executive is aware is or should reasonably be aware is or has been told is confidential and any information that has been given to the Company or any Group Company in confidence by customers, suppliers or other persons. | ||||
| Employment | the Executive's employment under this Agreement. | ||||
| Employment Inventions | any invention which is made wholly or partially by the Executive at any time during the course of his employment with the Company (whether or not during working hours or using Company premises or resources, and whether or not recorded in material form). | ||||
| Employment IPRs | Intellectual Property Rights created by the Executive in the course of his employment with the Company (whether or not during working hours or using Company premises or resources). | ||||
1
| FCA | the Financial Conduct Authority. | ||||
| Garden Leave | any period during which the Company has exercised its rights under clause 21. | ||||
| Group | the Company and each and every Group Company. | ||||
| Group Company | in relation to a company: | ||||
| (i) that company and any Subsidiary of that company; | |||||
| (ii) the ultimate Holding Company of that company; and every other company which is a Subsidiary of the same ultimate Holding Company; and | |||||
| (iii) Carnival Corporation and every other company which is a direct or indirect Subsidiary of Carnival Corporation; | |||||
| in each case from time to time. | |||||
| has the definition given to the term in section 1159 of the Companies Act 2006. | |||||
| HMRC | His Majesty's Revenue and Customs. | ||||
| Intellectual Property Rights | patents, rights to inventions, copyright and related rights, trademarks, trade names and domain names, rights in get-up, rights in goodwill or to sue for passing off, unfair competition rights, rights in designs, rights in computer software, database rights, topography rights, rights in Confidential Information (including Know-How and trade secrets) and any other intellectual property rights, in each case whether registered or unregistered and including all applications (or rights to apply) for, and renewals or extensions of, such rights and all similar or equivalent rights or forms of protection which subsist or will subsist now or in the future in any part of the world. | ||||
| Invention | any invention, idea, discovery, development, improvement or innovation, whether or not patentable or capable of registration, and whether or not recorded in any medium. | ||||
| Know-How | the secret and substantial body of information relating to the systems of work, technical infrastructure and process of the Company or Group Company which is important for the whole or a significant part of the business of the Company or Group Company and in respect of which secret means that the package as a body or in its precise configuration and assembly of its components is not in the public domain. | ||||
| Restricted Area | Worldwide | ||||
| Restricted Business | those parts of the business of the Company and any Group Company with which the Executive was involved to a material extent in the 12 months prior to the Termination Date. | ||||
| Restricted Customer | any firm, company or person who, during the 12 months prior to the Termination Date, was a customer of or in the habit of dealing with the Company or any Group Company with whom the Executive had contact in the course of his employment. | ||||
| Restricted Person | anyone employed by the Company or any Group Company at the level of Manager or above and who could materially damage the interests of the Company or any Group Company if they were involved in any Capacity in any business concern which competes with any Restricted Business and with whom the Executive dealt in the 12 months prior to the Termination Date in the course of his employment. | ||||
| Road Traffic Acts | the Road Traffic Act 1988 and the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 as amended from time to time. | ||||
2
| Subsidiary | in relation to a company has the meaning given to such term in section 1159 of the Companies Act 2006, and a company shall be treated, for the purposes only of the membership requirement contained in subsections 1159(1)(b) and (c), as a member of another company even if its shares in that other company are registered in the name of (a) another person (or its nominee), whether by way of security or in connection with the taking of security, or (b) a nominee. | ||||
| Termination Date | the date of termination of the Employment. | ||||
| UK Listing Authority | the FCA in its capacity as the competent authority for the purposes of part VI of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. | ||||
| Working Time Regulations | the Working Time Regulations 1998 as amended. | ||||
1.2 In this Agreement, unless the context requires otherwise:
1.2.1 references to a Clause or Schedule are to a clause of, or a schedule to, this Agreement; references to this Agreement include its schedules; and references in a Schedule to a paragraph are to a paragraph of that Schedule;
1.2.2 references to this Agreement or any other document are to this Agreement or that document as amended from time to time;
1.2.3 the singular includes the plural and vice versa; references to any gender include every gender; and references to persons include corporations, partnerships and other unincorporated associations or bodies of persons;
1.2.4 all headings are for convenience, have no legal effect and should be ignored when interpreting this Agreement; 1.2.5 the words other, including and in particular do not limit the generality of any preceding words;
1.2.6 a reference to any provision of any enactment will be construed as a reference to that provision or enactment as amended, re-enacted or extended at the relevant time and includes any subordinate legislation for the time being in force made under it; and
1.2.7 the definitions contained in the Interpretation Act 1978 apply (unless a specific definition has been included or the context otherwise requires) in interpreting words and phrases used in this Agreement.
Appointment
2.1 The Company appoints the Executive, and the Executive agrees to act as, "Chief Maritime Officer" of the Company and of Carnival Corporation, and/or such other role(s) within the Group as the Company considers appropriate, on and subject to the terms and conditions below. The Executive will report to the Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc.
2.2 The Executive shall undertake such external appointments as shall from time to time be considered appropriate to advance the interests of the Group.
Duration of the employment
3.1 The Employment will commence on 17th November 2025 (the "Start Date") and, subject to the remaining terms of this agreement, will continue until terminated by either party giving the other not less than 12 months' notice in writing.
3.2 The Executive's period of continuous employment began on 1st July 2015. The Executive represents and warrants that he is not bound by or subject to any court order, agreement, arrangement or undertaking that in any way restricts or prohibits him from entering into this Agreement or from performing his duties hereunder.
3.3 The Executive warrants that he is entitled to work in the United Kingdom and will notify the Company immediately if he ceases to be entitled to work in the United Kingdom during the Employment.
3.4 The Executive warrants that he is not subject to any restrictions that prevent him from holding office as a director.
3
Hours and place of work
4.1 The Executive must work the normal working hours of the business of the Company and such hours (including at weekends and bank and public holidays) as are reasonably necessary for the proper performance of his duties without any additional remuneration.
4.2 The Executive may from time to time need to work in excess of the current "48-hour limit” under the Working Time Regulations. Details are set out in Schedule 1.
4.3 The Executive's principal place of work at the date of this Agreement will be at the Company's offices at Carnival House, 100 Harbour Parade, Southampton, SO15 1ST. However, it is in the nature of the Executive's duties that he will be expected to travel both within the United Kingdom and abroad and stay away as necessary for the proper performance of his duties.
4.4 The Company will be entitled to alter the Executive's principal place of work to any other place within England and Wales, subject to paying a contribution to relocation expenses at the level offered by the Company at the relevant time should the Executive's new place of work be in excess of 50 miles from his current place of work.
4.5 During the Employment the Executive shall not be required to work outside the United Kingdom for any continuous period of more than one month (unless mutually agreed).
Scope of the Employment
5.1 During the Employment the Executive must:
5.1.1 devote the whole of his time, attention and skill during his working hours to the performance of his duties;
5.1.2 abide by his common law, statutory and fiduciary duties to the Company;
5.1.3 faithfully and diligently perform such duties and exercise such powers consistent with them as may from time to time be assigned to or vested in his by the Company and subject to such restrictions as the Company may from time to time impose;
5.1.4 use his best endeavours to promote and protect the interests of the Group and must not do anything that is harmful to those interests;
5.1.5 obey the reasonable and lawful directions of the Company and keep the Company at all times promptly and fully informed (in writing if so requested) of his conduct of the business of the Company and any Group Company;
5.1.6 comply with all the Company's rules, regulations, policies and procedures from time to time in force;
5.1.7 do such things as are necessary to ensure compliance by himself and the Company or any relevant Group Company with the Combined Code on Corporate Governance of the UK Listing Authority (as amended from time to time);
5.1.8 comply with all requirements, recommendations or regulations as amended from time to time of the UK Listing Authority, the UK Market Abuse Regulation, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder, and the Carnival Corporation & plc Securities Trading Policy and any other policies or codes adopted from time to time, in each case relating to dealing in the securities of the Company or Carnival Corporation;
5.1.9 report his own wrongdoing and any wrongdoing or proposed wrongdoing of any other employee of the Company to the People Department immediately on becoming aware of it;
5.1.10 consent to the Company monitoring and recording any use that he makes of the Company's electronic communications systems for the purpose of ensuring that the Company's rules are being complied with and for legitimate business purposes;
5.1.11 comply with any electronic communication systems policy that the Company may issue from time to time;
5.1.12 comply with the Company's anti-corruption and bribery policy and related procedures at all times; and
5.1.13 report any suspicion or knowledge of breach of the Company's anti-corruption and bribery policy or related procedures to the People Department.
4
5.2 The Executive must if and so long as the Company requires and without entitlement to any further remuneration than is provided for in this Agreement carry out his duties on behalf of any Group Company as if they were duties to be performed by him on behalf of the Company.
5.3 Subject to prior consultation with the Executive, the Company may at its sole discretion transfer this Agreement to any member of the Group at any time.
Remuneration
6.1 The Company will pay to the Executive a basic annual salary at the rate of £500,000 per annum, payable by equal monthly instalments in arrears by direct bank credit transfer on or around the 30th day of each calendar month.
6.2 The Company will review the Executive's salary annually in March. Any change in salary will be entirely at the Company's discretion, specifically at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. There will be no review of salary after notice has been given by either party to terminate the Employment.
6.3 The Executive will be recommended to participate in Carnival's discretionary equity grant program. The level of participation will be recommended at 139.26% of his base salary, with 83.56% of his base salary in performance-vested restricted stock units (PBS) and 55.70% of his base salary in time-vested Restricted Stock Units (TBS). Annual PBS and TBS grant recommendations are based on the Executive's performance and are subject to Carnival Corporation & plc Compensation Committee’s approval. Carnival Corporation & Plc's fiscal year runs from December 01 through November 30. Once approved, each annual PBS and TBS grant is subject to performance and/or vesting requirements and the terms and conditions of the discretionary equity plan document and the associated grant agreement.
6.4 Each Equity Grant is subject to vesting requirements and the terms and conditions of the equity grant plan document and the associated or grant agreement. PBS grants are subject to the Group attaining certain minimum performance goals.
6.5 The Company may change or discontinue any equity award program at any time.
6.6 Equity Grants are not pensionable.
6.7 The Company will reimburse the Executive for personal income tax services up to a maximum of £5,925 annually for the duration of his time in role.
Incentive Scheme
7.1 The Executive is eligible to participate in the Carnival Corporation Brand Management Incentive Plan ('MIP"), subject to the scheme rules. Within this scheme the Executive's annual target incentive is USD 500,000 and this target will remain the same each year during the Employment.
7.3 The MIP scheme is a non-contractual discretionary scheme and accordingly the scheme, including annual targets, may be subject to change or discontinuation at any time without prior notice. Any change to the annual target incentive is at the discretion of the Company. The decision to make a payment through the scheme is entirely at the discretion of the Company and is subject to Carnival Corporation & plc Compensation Committee's approval. Executives must be actively employed and not under notice of termination (whether given by the Company or the Executive) on the date the incentive is paid to be eligible for any potential payout under the scheme.
7.4 Any bonus payment shall be purely discretionary, shall not form part of the Executive's contractual remuneration under this Agreement and shall not be pensionable. If the Company makes a bonus payment to the Executive in respect of a particular financial year of the Company, the Company shall not be obliged to make subsequent bonus payments in respect of subsequent financial years of the Company.
Car Allowance
8.1 Provided that the Executive holds a current driving license, the Executive shall receive a car allowance for use of the Executive's own car of £1,059 per month, which shall be payable together with and in the same manner as the salary in accordance with clause 6. The car allowance shall not be treated as part of the basic salary for any purpose and shall not be pensionable.
8.2 The Company shall reimburse the Executive in respect of fuel costs for business miles at the Company's business mileage rate.
5
8.3 The Executive shall immediately inform the Company if he is disqualified from driving and shall cease to be entitled to receive the allowance under clause 8.1 or reimbursement of fuel expenses under clause 8.2.
Expenses
9.1 The Executive's role may involve incurring certain business expenses such as for business travel and accommodation. To enable him to manage such expenses, he will receive a company credit card and an account will be created for him with the card provider. This will involve Carnival UK sharing his personal data with the card provider. The personal data shared about him will be the minimum required which will likely include his employee ID, full name, date of birth, nationality, gender, full address, telephone number and email address. The purpose of this is to enable the card provider to comply with anti-money laundering regulations, issue and administer the operation of the company credit card. Detailed terms and conditions will be provided by the Finance department.
9.2 Subject to the Executive's compliance with the Company's policies on expenses (which can be found on the intranet) and production of VAT receipts or other appropriate evidence of payment, the Company shall reimburse (or procure the reimbursement of) all reasonable expenses wholly properly and necessarily incurred by him in the course of his employment.
9.3 Any credit card supplied to the Executive by the Company shall be used only for expenses incurred in the course of his employment.
Deductions
10.1 For the purposes of the Employment Rights Act 1996, sections 13-27, in signing this Agreement the Executive hereby authorises the Company to deduct from his salary, and/or any other sums due to him under this Agreement, any sums due from him to the Company or any Group Company including, without limitation, the Executive's pension contributions (if any), any overpayments, wrongful claims for expenses, loans or advances made to him by the Company or any Group Company.
Holidays
11.1 The Executive will be entitled to 29 days’ paid holiday during each holiday year. Annual leave allowance increases as length of service increases (calculated from the date of continuous employment in clause 3.2) the Executive is also entitled to the usual Public and Bank holidays. Please refer to the Annual Leave Policy on the Company's intranet for further details.
11.2 The Company's holiday year runs from 1st January to 31st December. If the Executive's employment starts or finishes part way through the holiday year, his holiday entitlement during that year shall be calculated on a pro-rata basis rounded up to the nearest half day.
11.3 The Executive may only take his holiday at such times as are mutually agreed in advance with the Company and must normally be taken within the calendar year. Where this is not possible, the equivalent of one working week may be carried forward to 31 March of the subsequent year. Any extension beyond that date requires written authorisation by the Company and will only be granted in exceptional circumstances (see clause 11.4 below), or where business commitments have prevented leave being taken during the previous year.
11.4 Leave may not normally be carried forward beyond 31 March unless the Executive has been prevented from taking it in the relevant holiday year by one of the following: a period of sickness absence or statutory maternity leave, paternity, adoption, parental or shared parental leave. In cases of sickness absence, carry-forward is limited to four weeks' holiday per year less any leave taken during the holiday year that has just ended. Any such carried over holiday which is not taken within eighteen months of the end of the relevant holiday year will be lost without any right to payment in lieu of entitlement.
11.5 Payment will not be made in lieu of accrued but untaken leave, except upon leaving the Company, in which case it shall be calculated as 1/260th of his salary (or the full time equivalent salary if he works part time) for each untaken day of his allowance.
11.6 If the Executive has taken more holiday than his accrued entitlement at the date his employment terminates, the Company shall be entitled to deduct the excess holiday pay from any payments due to him calculated as 1/260th of his salary (or the full time equivalent salary if he works part time) for each excess day.
Sickness benefits
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12.1 If the Executive is absent from work for any reason and the absence has not previously been authorised by the Company, the Executive must inform the Company as soon as practicable on the first day of absence.
12.2 The Company will continue to pay the Executive's salary during any period or periods of absence on medical grounds as set out on the Company's intranet. Company Sick Pay is inclusive of any SSP due for the same period.
12.3 The Executive shall if required:
12.3.1 supply the Company with medical certificates covering any period of sickness or incapacity exceeding seven days (including weekends and bank or public holidays); and
12.3.2 undergo at the Company's expense a medical examination in accordance with clause 12.7.
12.4 Payment of the Executive's salary pursuant to clause 12.2 will be inclusive of any statutory sick pay to which the Executive may be entitled in accordance with any applicable legislation in force at the time of the absence less any Social Security benefits recoverable by him (whether or not recovered).
12.5 Once entitlement to salary under clause 12.2 lapses, the Executive will have no right to any benefit or emolument from the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, this includes (but is not limited to) any entitlements to TBS, PBS or MIP.
12.6 If the Executive's absence is occasioned by the actionable negligence, nuisance or breach of any statutory duty on the part of a third party in respect of which damages are or may be recoverable, then all sums paid by the Company in respect of the same period of absence will constitute loans to the Executive, who must:
12.6.1 notify the Company immediately of all the relevant circumstances and of any claim, settlement or judgment made or awarded in connection with it and all the relevant particulars that the Company may reasonably require; and
12.6.2 refund to the Company any amount received by him from any third party, the third party’s insurer and/or his own insurance company in respect of damages for absence from the Employment due to incapacity, the refund to be a first charge on any damages recovered from the third party and/or its insurers whether specifically paid as loss of earnings or not.
12.7 The Company places importance on employees being fit for work and reserves the right to require the Executive to undergo a medical examination at any time (at the Company's expense) by doctor(s) appointed by the Company and the Executive agrees that any report produced in connection with any such examination may be disclosed to the Company and the Company may discuss the contents of the report with the relevant doctor. The Executive will give any necessary consent without delay.
12.8 The Company may terminate the Employment by giving the notice specified in clause 3.1 or under clause 19 even when as a result of such termination, the Executive would or might forfeit any entitlement to benefit from sick pay under clause 12.2.
Pension
13.1 The Executive is eligible to join the Carnival UK Pension Scheme. Personal Contributions will automatically be deducted from pay via salary exchange. The Executive therefore gives up his right to receive part of the cash due to him under his Service Agreement; in return we will pay the Executive's exchanged salary value to the pension provider (the Executive's personal contribution) alongside a payment equal to the value of the company contribution of 6%. The company contribution is a fixed percentage of salary and does not change irrespective of how much the Executive chooses to contribute as a personal contribution. Contributions will be made at this level into the Carnival UK Pension Scheme up to a mutually agreed level to be tax efficient, after which the 6% company contribution will be withheld to a salary supplement (subject to tax and national insurance) until the following tax year.
The Executive may opt-out of salary exchange if he wishes, subject to the rules of the scheme.
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13.2 The Company reserves the right to amend pension benefits at its sole discretion, subject to complying with employer pension duties in accordance with Part 1 of the Pension Act 2008.
13.3 If the Executive is already a member, his pension arrangements remain unchanged, subject to clause 13.2.
Life Assurance
14.1 The Executive shall be entitled to participate in the Company's life assurance scheme which shall pay to the Executive's dependents a sum equal to 2 times the Executive's basic annual salary if the Executive dies during the Employment. Cover is provided up to age 70. Participation is subject to:
14.1.1 the terms of the Company's life assurance scheme, as amended from time to time;
14.1.2 the rules or the insurance policy of the relevant insurance provider, as amended from time to time; and
14.1.3 the Executive satisfying the normal underwriting requirements of the relevant insurance provider of the Company's life assurance scheme and the premium being at a rate which the Company considers reasonable.
Full details of the scheme are available on the Company Intranet.
14.2 If the insurance provider refuses for any reason to provide life assurance benefit to the Executive the Company shall not be liable to provide to the Executive any replacement benefit of the same or similar kind or to pay any compensation in lieu of such benefit.
14.3 The Company in its sole and absolute discretion reserves the right to discontinue, vary or amend its life assurance scheme (including the level of the Executive's cover) at any time on reasonable notice to the Executive.
Private Medical Insurance
15.1 The Executive and the Executive's spouse or civil partner and any children up to the age of 21 years (or 24 years if in full time education) shall be entitled to participate in the Company's private medical insurance scheme subject to:
15.1.1 the Executive having relocated to the United Kingdom and him, his spouse or civil partner and any children up to the age of 21 years (or 24 years if in full time education) becoming and remaining ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom;
15.1.2 the terms of the Company's private medical scheme, as amended from time to time;
15.1.3 the rules or the insurance policy of the relevant insurance provider, as amended from time to time; and
15.1.4 the Executive and his spouse or civil partner and any children up to the age of 21 years (or 24 years if in full time education) satisfying the normal underwriting requirements of the relevant insurance provider of the Company's private medical scheme and the premium being at a rate which the Company considers reasonable.
Full details of the scheme are available on the Company Intranet.
15.2 If the insurance provider refuses for any reason to provide private medical insurance benefit to the Executive or his spouse or civil partner or any children up to the age of 21 (or 24 if in full time education) the Company shall not be liable to provide to the Executive any replacement benefit of the same or similar kind or to pay any compensation in lieu of such benefit.
15.3 The Company in its sole and absolute discretion reserves the right to discontinue, vary or amend its private medical scheme (including the level of the Executive's cover) at any time on reasonable notice to the Executive.
15.4 This benefit is classed as a taxable benefit and the Executive will be required to bear the additional taxation costs in full.
Restrictions on other activities by the Executive
16.1 During the Employment the Executive must not:
16.1.1 be directly or indirectly employed, engaged, concerned or interested in any other business or undertaking (whether or not for reward); or
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16.1.2 engage in any activity that the Company reasonably considers may be, or become, harmful to the interests of the Company or any Group Company or which might reasonably be considered to interfere with the performance of the Executive's duties under this Agreement.
16.2 Clause 16.1 will not apply:
16.2.1 to the Executive holding (directly or through nominees) an investment by way of shares or other securities of not more than 5 per cent of the total issued share capital of any company (whether or not it is listed or dealt in on a recognised stock exchange) where such company does not carry on a business similar to or competitive with any business for the time being carried on by the Company or any Group Company; or
16.2.2 to any act undertaken by the Executive with the prior written consent of the Company.
16.3 The Executive must comply with:
16.3.1 every rule of law;
16.3.2 all codes of conduct from time to time adopted by the Company; and
16.3.3 every regulation of the Company for the time being in force;
in relation to dealings in shares or other securities of the Company or any Group Company.
16.4 The Executive agrees to disclose to the Company any matters relating to his spouse or civil partner (or anyone living as such), children or parents which may, in the reasonable opinion of the Company be considered to interfere, conflict or compete with the proper performance of the Executive's obligations under this agreement.
16.5 Subject to any regulations from time to time issued by the Company which may apply to the Executive, he will not receive or obtain and retain for his personal benefit, directly or indirectly, any discount, rebate, commission, or other inducement in respect of any sale or purchase of any goods or services effected or other business transacted (whether or not by him) by or on behalf of the Company or any Group Company and if he (or any firm or company in which he is directly or indirectly engaged, concerned or interested) does obtain any such discount, rebate, commission or inducement, he must account to the Company for the amount received by him or the amount received by such firm or company.
Confidential information and company documents
17.1 Save as required by law the Executive must not, either during the Employment (except in the proper performance of his duties or pursuant to the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998) or at any time (without limit) after the Termination Date:
17.1.1 divulge or communicate to any person, company, business entity or other organisation; or
17.1.2 use for his own purposes or for any purposes other than those of the Company or any Group Company; or
17.1.3 through any failure to exercise due care and diligence, cause any unauthorised disclosure of;
any trade secrets or Confidential Information relating to the Company or any Group Company but so that these restrictions will cease to apply to any information which becomes available to the public generally otherwise than through the default of the Executive.
17.2 All books, notes, memoranda, records, lists of customers and suppliers and employees, correspondence, documents, computer and other disks, memory and tapes (including magnetic or optical disks), data listings, codes, designs and drawings and other documents and material whatsoever (whether made or created by the Executive or otherwise) relating to the business of the Company or any Group Company (and any copies of the same):
17.2.1 will be and remain the property of the Company or the relevant Group Company; and
17.2.2 will be handed over by the Executive to the Company or to the relevant Group Company on demand and in any event on the termination of the Employment for whatever reason.
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17.3 The undertakings and covenants in this clause 17 will be directly enforceable by the Company or any Group Company enjoying the benefit thereof and the Company may also enforce the same for the benefit of any Group Company as well as for its own benefit.
17.4 The Executive also agrees to use his best endeavours to prevent the publication or disclosure of any Confidential Information.
17.5 Save as required by law (including in accordance with the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998) the Executive must not, either during the Employment or at any time (without limit) after the Termination Date, make any intentionally false, reckless or maliciously untrue or disparaging remarks, comments, or statements, orally or in writing, about the Company or any Group Company (including its officers, employees or workers) or any products or services offered by the Company or any Group Company, or knowingly engage in any other conduct or make any other knowingly false statement, comment, or remark that is likely to impair the goodwill or reputation of the Company or any Group Company (including its officers, employees or workers) to any person or entity (including, but not limited to, any current or former employees, customers, contractors or vendors of the Company or any Group Company); to the print, broadcast or internet media; or any internet site, social networking site (such as LinkedIn, Instagram, or X (formerly known as Twitter), blog, message board or chat room.
Intellectual Property
18.1 The Executive acknowledges that all Employment IPRs, Employment Inventions and all materials embodying them shall automatically belong to the Company to the fullest extent permitted by law. To the extent that they do not vest in the Company automatically, the Executive holds them on trust for the Company and/ or any Group Company.
18.2 The Executive acknowledges that, because of the nature of his duties and the particular responsibilities arising from the nature of his duties, he has, and shall have at all times while he is employed by the Company, a special obligation to further the interests of the Company and/ or any Group Company.
18.3 To the extent that legal title in any Employment IPRs or Employment Inventions does not vest in the Company by virtue of clause 18.1, the Executive agrees, immediately upon creation of such rights and inventions, to offer to the Company in writing a right of first refusal to acquire them on arm's length terms to be agreed between the parties. If the parties cannot agree on such terms within 30 days of the Company receiving the offer, the Company shall refer the dispute to an arbitrator who shall be appointed by the President of the Law Society. The arbitrator's decisions shall be final and binding on the parties, and the costs of arbitration shall be borne equally by the parties. The Executive agrees that the provisions of this clause 18 shall apply to all Employment IPRs and Employment Inventions offered to the Company under this clause 18.3 until such time as the Company has agreed in writing that the Executive may offer them for sale to a third party.
18.4 The Executive agrees:
18.4.1 to give the Company full written details of all Employment Inventions which relate to or are capable of being used in the business of the Company or any Group Company promptly on their creation;
18.4.2 at the Company's request and in any event on the termination of his employment to give to the Company all originals and copies of correspondence, documents, papers and records on all media which record or relate to any of the Employment IPRs;
18.4.3 not to attempt to register any Employment IPR nor patent any Employment Invention unless requested to do so by the Company; and
18.4.4 to keep confidential each Employment Invention unless the Company has consented in writing to its disclosure by the Executive.
18.5 The Executive waives all his present and future moral rights which arise under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988, and all similar rights in other jurisdictions relating to any copyright which forms part of the Employment IPRs, and agrees not to support, maintain nor permit any claim for infringement of moral rights in such copyright works.
18.6 The Executive acknowledges that, except as provided by law, no further remuneration or compensation other than that provided for in this agreement is or may become due to the Executive in respect of his compliance with this clause. This clause is without prejudice to the Executive's rights under the Patents Act 1977.
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18.7 The Executive undertakes to use his best endeavours to execute all documents and do all acts both during and after his employment by the Company as may, in the opinion of the Company, be necessary or desirable to vest the Employment IPRs in the Company, to register them in the name of the Company and to protect and maintain the Employment IPRs and the Employment Inventions. Such documents may, at the Company's request, include waivers of all and any statutory moral rights relating to any copyright works which form part of the Employment IPRs. The Company agrees to reimburse the Executive's reasonable expenses of complying with this clause 18.7.
18.8 The Executive agrees to give all necessary assistance to the Company to enable it to enforce its Intellectual Property Rights against third parties, to defend claims for infringement of third party Intellectual Property Rights and to apply for registration of Intellectual Property Rights, where appropriate throughout the world, and for the full term of those rights.
18.9 The Executive hereby irrevocably appoints the Company to be his attorney to execute and do any such instrument or thing and generally to use his name for the purpose of giving the Company or its nominee the benefit of this clause 18. The Executive acknowledges in favour of a third party that a certificate in writing signed by any Director or the Secretary of the Company that any instrument or act falls within the authority conferred by this clause 18 shall be conclusive evidence that such is the case.
Payment in lieu of Notice
19.1 Notwithstanding clause 3.1, the Company may, in its sole and absolute discretion, terminate the Employment at any time and with immediate effect by notifying the Executive that it is exercising its right under this clause 19 that it will make within 28 days a payment in lieu of notice (Payment in Lieu), or the first instalment of any Payment in Lieu, to the Executive. This Payment in Lieu will be equal to (i) the basic salary (as at the date of termination) which the Executive would have been entitled to receive under this agreement during any notice period referred to at clause 3.1 (or, if notice has already been given, during the remainder of the notice period), and (ii) 50% of the Executive’s annual MIP target (referred to in clause 7.1), less income tax and National Insurance contributions. For the avoidance of doubt, the Payment in Lieu shall not include any element in relation to:
(a) any bonus or commission payments that might otherwise have been due during the period for which the Payment in Lieu is made;
(b) any payment in respect of benefits which the Executive would have been entitled to receive during the period for which the Payment in Lieu is made; and
(c) any payment in respect of any holiday entitlement that would have accrued during the period for which the Payment in Lieu is made.
19.2 The Company may pay any sums under this clause 19 in equal monthly instalments until the date on which the notice period in clause 3.1 would have expired if notice had been given.
19.3 The Executive shall have no right to receive a Payment in Lieu unless the Company exercises its discretion in clause 19. Nothing in this clause 19 shall prevent us from terminating the Employment in breach.
19.4 Notwithstanding clause 19, the Executive shall not be entitled to any Payment in Lieu if the Company would otherwise have been entitled to terminate the Employment without notice in accordance with clause 20. In that case the Company shall also be entitled to recover from the Executive any Payment in Lieu (or any instalments) already made.
Termination without notice
20.1 Notwithstanding clause 3.1 the Company may terminate the Employment with immediate effect (without notice or Payment in Lieu) if the Executive has:
20.1.1 committed any act of gross misconduct or any serious breach or repeated or continued (after warning) any material breach of his obligations under this Agreement; or
20.1.2 been guilty of any fraud or dishonesty or been guilty of any conduct considered in the reasonable opinion of the Company to be likely to bring himself or the Company or any Group Company into serious disrepute or to be materially adverse to the interests of the Company or any Group Company; or
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20.1.3 become bankrupt or had an interim order made against him under the Insolvency Act 1986 or compounded with or made any arrangement with his creditors generally or had a county court administration order made against him under the County Court Act 1984; or
20.1.4 failed to perform his duties to a standard satisfactory to the Company, after having received a written warning from the Company relating to the same or refused or neglected to comply with any reasonable and lawful direction of the Company; or
20.1.5 been guilty of any breach or non-observance of any code of conduct, rule or regulation referred to in clause 16.3 or failed or ceased to be registered (where such registration is, in the opinion of the Company, required for the performance of his duties) by any regulatory body in the United Kingdom or elsewhere; or
20.1.6 been convicted of an offence under any statutory enactment or regulation relating to insider dealing; or
20.1.7 been guilty of a breach of the rules or regulations as amended from time to time of the UK Listing Authority (including the Model Code for transactions in securities by directors of listed companies), the FSA or any regulatory authorities relevant to the Company or any Group Company or any code of practice issued by the Company (as amended from time to time); or
20.1.8 failed or ceased to meet the requirements of any regulatory body whose consent is required to enable him to undertake all or any of his duties under the Employment or been guilty of a serious breach of the rules and regulations of such regulatory body or of any compliance manual of the Company or any Group Company; or
20.1.9 been convicted of any criminal offence (other than under the Road Traffic Acts for which he is not sentenced to any term of imprisonment whether immediate or suspended); or
20.1.10 become of unsound mind or a patient within any statute relating to mental health; or
20.1.11 refused (without reasonable cause) to accept the novation by the Company of this Agreement to, or an offer of employment on terms no less favourable to him than the terms of this Agreement by, a Company which, as a result of a reorganisation, amalgamation or reconstruction of the Company, acquires or agrees to acquire not less than 90% of the issued equity share capital of the Company; or
20.1.12 been guilty of a serious breach of any rules issued by the Company from time to time regarding its electronic communications systems; or
20.1.13 accepted or offered a bribe or other secret payment or breached the Company's anticorruption and bribery policy or related procedures.
20.2 The rights of the Company under clause 19.1 are without prejudice to any other rights that it might have at law to terminate the Employment or to accept any breach of this agreement by the Executive as having brought the agreement to an end. Any delay by the Company in exercising its right to terminate shall not constitute a waiver thereof.
20.3 If at any time the Executive is unable to perform his duties properly because of ill health, accident or otherwise for a period or periods totalling at least 6 months in any period of 12 consecutive calendar months then the Company may terminate the Employment by giving him 3 months’ written notice.
Garden Leave
21.1 Following service of notice to terminate the Employment by either party, or if the Executive purports to terminate the Employment in breach of contract, the Company may by written notice place the Executive on Garden Leave for the whole or part of the remainder of the Employment.
21.2 During any period of Garden Leave:
(a) the Company shall be under no obligation to provide any work to the Executive and may revoke any powers he holds on its or any Group Company’s behalf;
(b) the Company may require the Executive to carry out alternative duties or to only perform such specific duties as are expressly assigned to him, at such location (including his home) as it may decide;
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(c) the Executive shall continue to receive his basic salary and all contractual benefits in the usual way and subject to the terms of any benefit arrangement;
(d) the Executive shall remain an employee of the Company and bound by the terms of this agreement (including any implied duties or good faith and fidelity);
(e) the Executive shall ensure that his line manager knows where he will be and how he can be contacted during each working day (except during any periods taken as holiday in the usual way);
(f) the Company may exclude the Executive from any of its or any Group Company’s premises;
(g) the Company may require the Executive not to contact or deal with (or attempt to contact or deal with) any officer, employee, consultant, client, customer, supplier, agent, distributor, shareholder, adviser or other business contact of its or any Group Company; and
(h) The Company may require the Executive not to actively undertake and/or to resign from any external appointments undertaken under clause 2.2.
Obligations on Termination
22.1 Without prejudice to his obligations under clause 17, on termination of the Employment (however arising) or, if earlier, at the start of a period of Garden Leave, the Executive shall:
(a) resign immediately without compensation from any office in the Company or any Group Company and any external appointments undertaken under clause 2.2;
(b) subject to clause 22.2, immediately deliver to the Company all materials within the scope of clause 17.2 and all credit cards, and other property of or relating to the business of the Company or of any Group Company which may be in his possession or under his power or control;
(c) irretrievably delete any information relating to the business of the Company or any Group Company stored on any magnetic or optical disk or memory and all matter derived from such sources which is in his possession or under his control outside the Company's premises; and
(d) provide a signed statement that he has complied fully with his obligations under this clause 22.1 together with such reasonable evidence of compliance as the Company may request.
22.2 Where the Executive has been placed on Garden Leave, he shall not be required by clause 22.1 to return until the end of the Garden Leave period any property provided to him as a contractual benefit for use during the Employment.
22.3 On termination of the Employment (howsoever arising) the Executive shall continue to make himself available to, and cooperate with, the Company, its advisers and any Group Company (and its advisers) in any internal investigation or administrative, regulatory, judicial or quasi-judicial proceedings. The Executive acknowledges that this could involve, but is not limited to, responding to or defending any regulatory or legal process, providing information in relation to such process, preparing witness statements and giving evidence in person on behalf of the Company and/ or any Group Company. The Company shall reimburse any reasonable expenses that he incurs as a consequence of complying with his obligations under this clause 22.3, provided that such expenses are approved in advance by the Company.
22.4 On termination of the Employment however arising the Executive shall not be entitled to any compensation for the loss of any rights or benefits under any share option, bonus, long-term incentive plan or other profit sharing scheme operated by the Company or any Group Company in which he may participate.
Restrictive covenants
23.1 In order to protect the Confidential Information, trade secrets and business connections of the Company and each Group Company to which he has access as a result of the Employment, the Executive covenants with the Company (for itself and as trustee and agent for each Group Company) that he shall not:
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23.1.1 for 12 months after the Termination Date solicit or endeavour to entice away from the Company or any Group Company the business or custom of a Restricted Customer with a view to providing goods or services to that Restricted Customer in competition with any Restricted Business; or
23.1.2 for 12 months after the Termination Date in the course of any business concern which is in competition with any Restricted Business, offer to employ or engage or otherwise endeavour to entice away from the Company or any Group Company any Restricted Person; or
23.1.3 for 12 months after the Termination Date, be involved in any Capacity with any business concern which is (or intends to be) in competition with any Restricted Business; or
23.1.4 for 12 months after the Termination Date be involved with the provision of goods or services to (or otherwise have any business dealings with) any Restricted Customer in the course of any business concern which is in competition with any Restricted Business; or
23.1.5 in competition with the business of the Company or any Group Company within the Restricted Area be employed or engaged in or perform services in respect of the Restricted Business; or
23.1.6 at any time after the Termination Date, represent himself as connected with the Company or any Group Company in any Capacity.
23.2 None of the restrictions in clause 23.1 shall prevent the Executive from:
23.2.1 holding an investment by way of shares or other securities of not more than 5% of the total issued share capital of any company, whether or not it is listed or dealt in on a recognised stock exchange; or
23.2.2 being engaged or concerned in any business concern insofar as the Executive's duties or work shall relate solely to geographical areas where the business concern is not in competition with any Restricted Business; or
23.2.3 being engaged or concerned in any business concern, provided that the Executive's duties or work shall relate solely to services or activities of a kind with which the Executive was not concerned to a material extent in the 12 months prior to the Termination Date.
23.3 The restrictions imposed on the Executive by this clause 23 apply to him acting:
23.3.1 directly or indirectly; and
23.3.2 on his own behalf or on behalf of, or in conjunction with, any firm, company or person.
23.4 The periods for which the restrictions in clause 23.1 apply shall be reduced by any period that the Executive is placed on Garden Leave immediately before termination. in accordance with clause 21.
23.5 If the Executive receives an offer to be involved in a business concern in any Capacity during the Employment, or prior to the expiry of the last of the covenants in this clause 23, the Executive shall give the person making the offer a copy of this clause 23 within 7 days of the offer having been made, notify the Company of the fact of the approach or offer and the identity of the person making the offer as soon as possible, and, if requested, provide a copy of the written offer as soon as possible.
23.6 Each of the restrictions in this clause 23 is intended to be separate and severable. If any of the restrictions shall be held to be void but would be valid if part of their wording were deleted, such restriction shall apply with such deletion as may be necessary to make it valid or effective.
23.7 The Executive will, at the Company’s request and expense, enter into a separate agreement with any Group Company in which he agrees to be bound by restrictions corresponding to those restrictions in this clause 23 (or such restrictions as may be appropriate) in relation to that Group Company.
Grievance procedure
24.1 If the Executive has any grievances relating to his employment these should be reported to the
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CEO of Carnival Corporation & Carnival plc. Formal grievances should be made in writing. Further details are set out in the Company's Grievance Procedure, a copy of which is obtainable from the Company intranet. The Grievance Procedure does not form part of the contractual terms and conditions of the Employment. If any grievance relates to the CEO of Carnival Corporation & Carnival plc, it should be raised with the Company’s Chief People Officer.
24.2 If the complaint is about harassment or bullying, the Executive should follow the procedures set out in the Company's Bullying and Harassment Procedure. If the complaint is about possible wrongdoing at work (such as fraud, malpractice or danger to the health and safety of an individual), the Executive should follow the procedure set out in the Company's Speak Up Policy and Procedure. Copies of these procedures are obtainable from the Company Intranet. These procedures do not form part of the contractual terms and conditions of the Employment.
24.3 A record detailing the nature of the grievance raised, the Company's response, any action taken and the reasons for it will be kept on the Executive's personnel file.
Disciplinary and dismissal procedure
25.1 Details of the Company's Disciplinary and Appeals Policies in force from time to time are obtainable from the Company intranet. The Disciplinary and Appeals Policies do not form part of the contractual terms and conditions of the Employment.
25.2 If the Company decides that a disciplinary sanction short of dismissal is appropriate, the Company reserves the right to impose the following as an alternative to dismissal in appropriate cases: demotion; loss of seniority; loss of increment; disciplinary suspension without pay for up to five working days; or disciplinary transfer.
25.3 If the Executive wishes to appeal against a disciplinary sanction or a decision to dismiss him, the Executive should inform the Chief People Officer in writing, within 7 calendar days. The Chief Operating Officer of Carnival Corporation will hear all appeals and their decision is final.
25.4 The Company may suspend the Executive from any or all of his duties whilst it investigates any disciplinary matter involving him and for so long is reasonable while any disciplinary procedure against him is outstanding.
25.5 During any period of suspension, the Executive shall continue to receive his basic salary and all contractual benefits in the usual way and subject to the terms of any benefit arrangement; he shall remain an employee and bound by the terms of this agreement; he shall ensure that his line manager knows where he will be and how he shall be contacted during each working day; he acknowledges the Company may exclude him from his place of work (or any premises of the Company and/ or any Group Company) and he may be required not to contact or deal with any officer/ employee/ consultant/ client/ customer/ supplier/ agent/ distributor/ shareholder/ adviser or other business contact of the Company or any Group Company.
Data protection
26.1 The Company will collect and process information relating to the Executive in accordance with the privacy notice which is on the Company's intranet or can be obtained by emailing privacy@carnivalukgroup.com.
26.2 The Executive shall comply with the Company's Data Protection Policy and the IT and Social Media policies when handling personal data in the course of his employment including personal data relating to any employee, worker, contractor, customer, client, supplier or agent of the Company.
26.3 Failure to comply with the Data Protection Policy or the IT and Social Media policies, may be dealt with under the Company's disciplinary procedure and, in serious cases, may be treated as gross misconduct leading to summary dismissal.
26.4 By signing this Agreement the Executive explicitly consents to the processing of his personal information in accordance with the privacy notice.
Monitoring
27.1 In signing this Agreement, the Executive expressly agrees to the Company monitoring his performance at work, his conformity with Company rules, standards of conduct and policies in
15
force from time to time and to ensure that he is not using the Company's facilities for any unlawful purposes. Such monitoring may take the form of interception of communications, for example opening and reviewing post addressed to or sent by him (including faxes and correspondence marked private and confidential but addressed to him at his place of work) on a daily basis. The Executive's use of Company facilities such as e-mail, the internet, photocopying and telephones may also be monitored and/or recorded, where applicable, in accordance with lawful business practice from time to time.
27.2 The Company will not monitor or record the content of telephone calls, e-mail messages or internet sites visited unless it is clear that the purposes for which the monitoring or recording specified in clause 27.1 is undertaken cannot be achieved by other methods.
Statement of particulars of employment
28.1 This Agreement is also a statement of particulars pursuant to the Employment Rights Act 1996 as amended.
28.2 The Company is not a party to any collective agreements that affect the Executive's employment.
Notices
29.1 Any notice or other document to be given under this Agreement will be in writing and may be given personally to the Executive or to the Chief People Officer(as the case may be) or may be sent by first class post or other fast postal service in the case of the Company, its registered office for the time being and in the case of the Executive either to his address shown on the face hereof or to his last known place of residence.
29.2 Any such notice will be deemed served when in the ordinary course of the means of transmission it would first be received by the addressee in normal business hours.
Former service agreements
30.1 This Agreement will be in substitution for any previous letters of appointment, agreements or arrangements, whether written, oral or implied, relating to the employment of the Executive whether by the Company or any Group Company.
Clawback
31.1 The Executive agrees to be bound by the provisions of any recoupment or clawback policy that the Company or any Group Company may adopt from time to time that by its terms is applicable to the Executive, including the Carnival Corporation & plc Clawback Policy.
Choice of law and submission to jurisdiction
32.1 This Agreement is governed by, and will be construed in accordance with, English law.
32.2 The parties irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts which will have jurisdiction to hear and decide any suit, action or proceedings and/or to settle any disputes which may arise out of or in connection with this Agreement.
This document has been executed as a Deed and is delivered and takes effect on the date stated at the beginning of it.
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SCHEDULE 1
48 hour opt out
48 hour opt out
I understand that under regulation 4.1 of the Working Time Regulations I cannot be required to work more than 48 hours a week on average.
Although I understand that I may not be covered by the Working Time Regulations, for the avoidance of doubt I confirm that in the event that I am held to be covered, I agree that regulation 4.1 of the Working Time Regulations shall not apply in my case and that accordingly I have no objection to working in excess of those hours, either from time to time or on a more regular basis if so required, whether my average working week is calculated on a basis of either a 17 week or 52 week reference period or any other reference period.
I understand that I may withdraw my consent at any time but hereby agree to give at least three months prior written notice to the Company.
Signed……/s/ Lars Ljoen……
Dated…September 30, 2025
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Executed as a deed by the Company by
Josh Weinstein,
CEO of Carnival Corporation & plc
……/s/ Josh Weinstein………………………………………………………………………………………….
In the presence of:
Signature of witness: ……/s/ Julie Milan………………………………………………………………………
Name of witness: Julie Milan
Occupation: Executive Assistant
Address: 3655 NW 87th Ave, Miami, FL, 33178
Signed as a deed by
Lars Ljoen, the Executive
……/s/ Lars Ljoen…………………………………………………………………………………………………
In the presence of:
Signature of witness: …… /s/ Yiudmila Alfonso ………………………………………………………………
Name of witness: Yiudmila Alfonso
Occupation: Executive Coordination, Maritime Operations
Address: 3655 NW 87th Ave, Miami, FL 33178
END OF DOCUMENT
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EXECUTION VERSION
CARNIVAL CORPORATION,
as Issuer,
as Issuer,
U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Trustee, Principal Paying Agent, Transfer Agent and Registrar,
as Trustee, Principal Paying Agent, Transfer Agent and Registrar,
_____________________________
INDENTURE
Dated as of October 15, 2025
_____________________________
5.125% SENIOR UNSECURED NOTES DUE 2029
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||||
| ARTICLE ONE | ||||||||
| DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE | ||||||||
| Section 1.01 | Definitions | 1 | ||||||
| Section 1.02 | Other Definitions | 12 | ||||||
| Section 1.03 | Rules of Construction | 13 | ||||||
| ARTICLE TWO | ||||||||
| THE NOTES | ||||||||
| Section 2.01 | The Notes | 14 | ||||||
| Section 2.02 | Execution and Authentication | 15 | ||||||
| Section 2.03 | Registrar, Transfer Agent and Paying Agent | 16 | ||||||
| Section 2.04 | Paying Agent to Hold Money | 17 | ||||||
| Section 2.05 | Holder Lists | 18 | ||||||
| Section 2.06 | Transfer and Exchange | 18 | ||||||
| Section 2.07 | Replacement Notes | 21 | ||||||
| Section 2.08 | Outstanding Notes | 21 | ||||||
| Section 2.09 | Notes Held by Issuer | 22 | ||||||
| Section 2.10 | Definitive Registered Notes | 22 | ||||||
| Section 2.11 | Cancellation | 23 | ||||||
| Section 2.12 | Defaulted Interest | 23 | ||||||
| Section 2.13 | Computation of Interest | 24 | ||||||
| Section 2.14 | ISIN and CUSIP Numbers | 24 | ||||||
| Section 2.15 | Issuance of Additional Notes | 24 | ||||||
| ARTICLE THREE | ||||||||
| REDEMPTION; OFFERS TO PURCHASE | ||||||||
| Section 3.01 | Right of Redemption | 24 | ||||||
| Section 3.02 | Notices to Trustee | 24 | ||||||
| Section 3.03 | Selection of Notes to Be Redeemed | 24 | ||||||
| Section 3.04 | Notice of Redemption | 25 | ||||||
| Section 3.05 | Deposit of Redemption Price | 26 | ||||||
| Section 3.06 | Payment of Notes Called for Redemption | 27 | ||||||
| Section 3.07 | Notes Redeemed in Part | 27 | ||||||
| Section 3.08 | Redemption for Changes in Taxes | 27 | ||||||
| ARTICLE FOUR | ||||||||
| COVENANTS | ||||||||
| Section 4.01 | Payment of Notes | 29 | ||||||
| Section 4.02 | Maintenance of Office or Agency | 29 | ||||||
| Section 4.03 | Statement as to Compliance | 29 | ||||||
| Section 4.04 | Limitation on Liens | 29 | ||||||
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| Section 4.05 | Purchase of Notes upon a Change of Control | 30 | ||||||
| Section 4.06 | Additional Amounts | 32 | ||||||
| Section 4.07 | Additional Guarantors | 35 | ||||||
| Section 4.08 | Reports to Holders | 36 | ||||||
| Section 4.09 | Use of Proceeds | 37 | ||||||
| ARTICLE FIVE | ||||||||
| MERGER, CONSOLIDATION OR SALE OF ASSETS | ||||||||
| Section 5.01 | Consolidations and Mergers of Issuer and Carnival plc Permitted Subject to Certain Conditions | 37 | ||||||
| Section 5.02 | Successor Substituted | 38 | ||||||
| ARTICLE SIX | ||||||||
| DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES | ||||||||
| Section 6.01 | Events of Default | 38 | ||||||
| Section 6.02 | Acceleration | 40 | ||||||
| Section 6.03 | Other Remedies | 41 | ||||||
| Section 6.04 | Waiver of Past Defaults | 41 | ||||||
| Section 6.05 | Control by Majority | 41 | ||||||
| Section 6.06 | Limitation on Suits | 42 | ||||||
| Section 6.07 | Unconditional Right of Holders to Bring Suit for Payment | 42 | ||||||
| Section 6.08 | Collection Suit by Trustee | 43 | ||||||
| Section 6.09 | Trustee May File Proofs of Claim | 43 | ||||||
| Section 6.10 | Application of Money Collected | 44 | ||||||
| Section 6.11 | Undertaking for Costs | 44 | ||||||
| Section 6.12 | Restoration of Rights and Remedies | 44 | ||||||
| Section 6.13 | Rights and Remedies Cumulative | 44 | ||||||
| Section 6.14 | Delay or Omission Not Waiver | 45 | ||||||
| Section 6.15 | Record Date | 45 | ||||||
| Section 6.16 | Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws | 45 | ||||||
| ARTICLE SEVEN | ||||||||
| TRUSTEE | ||||||||
| Section 7.01 | Duties of Trustee | 45 | ||||||
| Section 7.02 | Certain Rights of Trustee | 46 | ||||||
| Section 7.03 | Individual Rights of Trustee | 50 | ||||||
| Section 7.04 | Disclaimer of Trustee | 50 | ||||||
| Section 7.05 | Compensation and Indemnity | 50 | ||||||
| Section 7.06 | Replacement of Trustee | 51 | ||||||
| Section 7.07 | Successor Trustee by Merger | 52 | ||||||
| Section 7.08 | [Reserved] | 53 | ||||||
| Section 7.09 | Eligibility; Disqualification | 53 | ||||||
| Section 7.10 | Appointment of Co-Trustee | 53 | ||||||
| Section 7.11 | Resignation of Agents | 54 | ||||||
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| Section 7.12 | Agents General Provisions | 55 | ||||||
| ARTICLE EIGHT | ||||||||
| DEFEASANCE; SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE | ||||||||
| Section 8.01 | Issuer’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance | 57 | ||||||
| Section 8.02 | Defeasance and Discharge | 57 | ||||||
| Section 8.03 | Covenant Defeasance | 57 | ||||||
| Section 8.04 | Conditions to Defeasance | 58 | ||||||
| Section 8.05 | Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture | 59 | ||||||
| Section 8.06 | Survival of Certain Obligations | 60 | ||||||
| Section 8.07 | Acknowledgment of Discharge by Trustee | 60 | ||||||
| Section 8.08 | Application of Trust Money | 60 | ||||||
| Section 8.09 | Repayment to Issuer | 61 | ||||||
| Section 8.10 | Indemnity for Government Securities | 61 | ||||||
| Section 8.11 | Reinstatement | 61 | ||||||
| ARTICLE NINE | ||||||||
| AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS | ||||||||
| Section 9.01 | Without Consent of Holders | 61 | ||||||
| Section 9.02 | With Consent of Holders | 62 | ||||||
| Section 9.03 | Effect of Supplemental Indentures | 64 | ||||||
| Section 9.04 | Notation on or Exchange of Notes | 64 | ||||||
| Section 9.05 | [Reserved] | 64 | ||||||
| Section 9.06 | Notice of Amendment or Waiver | 64 | ||||||
| Section 9.07 | Trustee to Sign Amendments, Etc. | 64 | ||||||
| Section 9.08 | Additional Voting Terms; Calculation of Principal Amount | 65 | ||||||
| ARTICLE TEN | ||||||||
| GUARANTEE | ||||||||
| Section 10.01 | Note Guarantees | 65 | ||||||
| Section 10.02 | Subrogation | 66 | ||||||
| Section 10.03 | Release of Note Guarantees | 66 | ||||||
| Section 10.04 | Limitation and Effectiveness of Note Guarantees | 67 | ||||||
| Section 10.05 | Notation Not Required | 68 | ||||||
| Section 10.06 | Successors and Assigns | 68 | ||||||
| Section 10.07 | No Waiver | 68 | ||||||
| Section 10.08 | Modification | 68 | ||||||
| Section 10.09 | Limitation on the Italian Guarantor’s Liability | 68 | ||||||
| ARTICLE ELEVEN | ||||||||
| [RESERVED] | ||||||||
| ARTICLE TWELVE | ||||||||
| MISCELLANEOUS | ||||||||
| Section 12.01 | Notices | 69 | ||||||
| Section 12.02 | Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent | 70 | ||||||
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| Section 12.03 | Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion | 71 | ||||||
| Section 12.04 | Rules by Trustee, Paying Agent and Registrar | 71 | ||||||
| Section 12.05 | [Reserved] | 71 | ||||||
| Section 12.06 | Legal Holidays | 71 | ||||||
| Section 12.07 | Governing Law | 72 | ||||||
| Section 12.08 | Jurisdiction | 72 | ||||||
| Section 12.09 | No Recourse Against Others | 73 | ||||||
| Section 12.10 | Successors | 73 | ||||||
| Section 12.11 | Counterparts | 73 | ||||||
| Section 12.12 | Table of Contents and Headings | 73 | ||||||
| Section 12.13 | Severability | 73 | ||||||
| Section 12.14 | Currency Indemnity | 73 | ||||||
Schedules
Schedule I – Guarantors
Exhibits
Exhibit A – Form of Note
Exhibit B – Form of Transfer Certificate for Transfer from Restricted Global Note to Regulation S Global Note
Exhibit C – Form of Transfer Certificate for Transfer from Regulation S Global Note to Restricted Global Note
Exhibit D – Form of Supplemental Indenture
iv
INDENTURE, dated as of October 15, 2025, among Carnival Corporation, a Panamanian corporation (the “Issuer”), Carnival plc, a company incorporated and registered under the laws of England and Wales (“Carnival plc”), the other Guarantors party hereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (in such capacity, the “Trustee”), as Principal Paying Agent, as Transfer Agent and as Registrar.
RECITALS
The Issuer has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance on the date hereof of $1,250,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 5.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 (the “Original Notes”) and any additional senior unsecured notes (the “Additional Notes”) that may be issued after the Issue Date in compliance with this Indenture. The Original Notes and the Additional Notes together are referred to herein as the “Notes.” The Issuer has received good and valuable consideration for the execution and delivery of this Indenture. All necessary acts and things have been done to make (i) the Notes, when duly issued and executed by the Issuer and authenticated and delivered hereunder, the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Issuer and (ii) this Indenture a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Issuer in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.
NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:
For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Notes by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders, as follows:
ARTICLE ONE
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
SECTION 1.01 Definitions.
“2027 Convertible Notes” or “Convertible Notes” means the 5.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 of the Issuer, issued pursuant to the 2027 Convertible Notes Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“2027 Convertible Notes Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of November 18, 2022, among the Issuer, Carnival plc, the various guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee thereunder.
“2027 First-Priority Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of October 23, 2000 (as supplemented on July 15, 2003 with respect to the 2027 First-Priority Secured Notes, and as further supplemented on December 1, 2003), among the Issuer, Carnival plc, as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee for the 2027 First-Priority Secured Notes.
“2027 First-Priority Secured Notes” means the 7.875% Debentures due 2027 of the Issuer, issued pursuant to the 2027 First-Priority Note Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“2028 First-Priority Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of July 26, 2021, among the Issuer, Carnival plc, the various guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (as successor to U.S. Bank National Association), as trustee for the 2028 First-Priority Secured Notes.
“2028 First-Priority Secured Notes” means the 4.000% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2028 of the Issuer, issued pursuant to the 2028 First-Priority Note Indenture, as further amended, restated or supplemented.
“2029 First-Priority Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of August 8, 2023, among the Issuer, Carnival plc, the various guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee for the 2029 First-Priority Secured Notes.
“2029 First-Priority Secured Notes” means the 7.00% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2029 of the Issuer, issued pursuant to the 2029 First-Priority Note Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“2029 Unsecured Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of November 2, 2021, among the Issuer, Carnival plc, the various guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (as successor to U.S. Bank National Association), as trustee thereunder.
“2029 Unsecured Notes” means the 6.000% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 of the Issuer, issued pursuant to the 2029 Unsecured Note Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“2030 Euro Unsecured Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of April 25, 2024, among the Issuer, Carnival plc, the various guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee thereunder.
“2030 Euro Unsecured Notes” means the 5.750% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2030 of the Issuer, issued pursuant to the 2030 Euro Unsecured Note Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“2030 Unsecured Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of February 28, 2025, among the Issuer, Carnival plc, the various guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee thereunder.
“2030 Unsecured Notes” means the 5.750% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2030 of the Issuer, issued pursuant to the 2030 Unsecured Note Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“2031 Euro Unsecured Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of July 7, 2025, among Carnival plc, the Issuer, as guarantor, the various other guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee thereunder.
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“2031 Euro Unsecured Notes” means the 4.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2031 of Carnival plc, issued pursuant to the 2031 Euro Unsecured Note Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“2031 Unsecured Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of May 21, 2025, among the Issuer, Carnival plc, the various guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee thereunder.
“2031 Unsecured Notes” means the 5.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2031 of the Issuer, issued pursuant to the 2031 Unsecured Note Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“2032 Unsecured Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of July 16, 2025, among the Issuer, Carnival plc, the various guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee thereunder.
“2032 Unsecured Notes” means the 5.75% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2032 of Carnival Corporation, issued pursuant to the 2032 Unsecured Note Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“2033 Unsecured Note Indenture” means the Indenture, dated as of February 7, 2025, among the Issuer, Carnival plc, the various guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee thereunder.
“2033 Unsecured Notes” means the 6.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2033 of the Issuer, issued pursuant to the 2033 Unsecured Note Indenture, as amended, restated or supplemented.
“Additional Capital Markets Indebtedness” means secured or unsecured capital markets debt securities (including both convertible and non-convertible debt securities) issued in a public offering registered under the U.S. Securities Act or a “Rule 144A” offering similar to that in which the 2029 Unsecured Notes, the 2030 Euro Unsecured Notes, the 2030 Unsecured Notes, the 2031 Euro Unsecured Notes, the 2031 Unsecured Notes, the 2032 Unsecured Notes and the 2033 Unsecured Notes were issued.
“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, “control,” as used with respect to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise. For purposes of this definition, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with” have correlative meanings.
“Applicable Law” means any competent regulatory, prosecuting, Tax or governmental authority in any jurisdiction.
3
“Authority” means any competent regulatory, prosecuting, Tax or governmental authority in any jurisdiction.
“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended, or any similar U.S. federal or state law or the laws of any other jurisdiction (or any political subdivision thereof) relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, voluntary or judicial liquidation, composition with creditors, reprieve from payment, controlled management, fraudulent conveyance, general settlement with creditors, reorganization or similar or equivalent laws affecting the rights of creditors generally, including, in the case of Italy, the Italian Legislative Decree no. 14 of 12 January 2019, as amended and/or restated from time to time. For the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of the UK Companies Act 2006 and UK Insolvency Act governing a voluntary strike off or a members’ voluntary winding up thereunder shall not be deemed to be Bankruptcy Laws.
“Beneficial Owner” has the meaning assigned to such term in Rule 13d-3 and Rule 13d-5 under the U.S. Exchange Act, except that in calculating the beneficial ownership of any particular “person” (as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the U.S. Exchange Act), such “person” will be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all securities that such “person” has the right to acquire by conversion or exercise of other securities, whether such right is currently exercisable or is exercisable only after the passage of time. For the avoidance of doubt, the terms “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” have a corresponding meaning.
“Board of Directors” means:
(1) with respect to a corporation (or a company), the board of directors of the corporation (or company, as applicable) or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such board;
(2) with respect to a partnership, the board of directors of the general partner of the partnership;
(3) with respect to a limited liability company, the managing member or members or any controlling committee of managing members thereof; and
(4) with respect to any other Person, the board or committee of such Person serving a similar function.
“Book-Entry Interest” means a beneficial interest in a Global Note held through and shown on, and transferred only through, records maintained in book-entry form by DTC and its nominees and successors.
“Business Day” means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions in New York or a place of payment under this Indenture are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
“Capital Markets Indebtedness” means the First-Priority Secured Notes, the 2027 Convertible Notes, the 2029 Unsecured Notes, the 2030 Euro Unsecured Notes, the 2030
4
Unsecured Notes, the 2031 Euro Unsecured Notes, the 2031 Unsecured Notes, the 2032 Unsecured Notes and the 2033 Unsecured Notes or any other series of Additional Capital Markets Indebtedness in existence on the date hereof or thereafter having an aggregate outstanding principal amount in excess of $300.0 million.
“Capital Stock” means:
(1) in the case of a corporation, corporate stock;
(2) in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock;
(3) in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership interests (whether general or limited) or membership interests; and
(4) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person (including, in the case of a company, shares (of whatever class) in its capital), but excluding from all of the foregoing any debt securities convertible into Capital Stock, whether or not such debt securities include any right of participation with Capital Stock.
“Carnival Corporation & plc Group” means the Carnival Corporation Group and the Carnival plc Group.
“Carnival Corporation Group” means Carnival Corporation and all its Subsidiaries from time to time.
“Carnival plc Group” means Carnival plc and all its Subsidiaries from time to time.
“Change of Control” means any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used for the purposes of Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the U.S. Exchange Act), other than Permitted Holders (each, a “Relevant Person”) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as such term is used in Rule 13d-3 under the U.S. Exchange Act), directly or indirectly of such capital stock of the Issuer and Carnival plc, in each case as is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of more than 50% of the rights to vote to elect members of the boards of directors of each of the Issuer and Carnival plc; provided (i) such event shall not be deemed a Change of Control so long as one or more of the Permitted Holders have the right or ability by voting power, contract or otherwise to elect or designate for election a majority of the boards of directors of the Issuer or Carnival plc, (ii) for the avoidance of doubt, no Change of Control shall occur solely as a result of either the Issuer (or any Subsidiary thereof) or Carnival plc (or any Subsidiary thereof) acquiring or owning, at any time, any or all of the capital stock of each other, and (iii) no Change of Control shall be deemed to occur if all or substantially all of the holders of the capital stock of the Relevant Person immediately after the event which would otherwise have constituted a Change of Control were the holders of the capital stock of the Issuer and/or Carnival plc with the same (or substantially the same) pro rata economic interests in the share capital of the Relevant Person as such
5
shareholders had in the Capital Stock of the Issuer and/or Carnival plc, respectively, immediately prior to such event. Any direct or indirect intermediate holding company whose only material asset is the Issuer and/or Carnival plc Capital Stock shall be deemed not to be a “Relevant Person.”
“Change of Control Period” means, in respect of any Change of Control, the period commencing on the Relevant Announcement Date in respect of such Change of Control and ending 60 days after the occurrence of such Change of Control.
“Change of Control Triggering Event” means the occurrence of both a Change of Control and a Rating Downgrade.
“Clearstream” means Clearstream Banking, S.A., its nominees and successors.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Commission” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the U.S. Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it, then the body performing such duties at such time.
“Company” means Carnival plc and Carnival Corporation, or either of them, as the context may require, and not any of their Subsidiaries; provided, however, that if a Parent Entity of the Issuer and/or Carnival plc becomes a Guarantor of the Notes, the Issuer may, at its election, designate, by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee, the relevant Parent Entity as constituting the “Company” (in replacement of the Issuer and/or Carnival plc, as applicable) for all purposes of this Indenture.
“Consolidated Tangible Assets” means the total amount of assets which under GAAP would be included on a consolidated balance sheet after deducting therefrom, without duplication, the sum of all goodwill, trade names, trademarks, patents, right-of-use assets, unamortized debt discount and expense and other like intangibles, which in each case under GAAP would be included on such consolidated balance sheet.
“continuing” means, with respect to any Default or Event of Default, that such Default or Event of Default has not been cured or waived.
“Corporate Trust Office” means the principal designated office of the Trustee at which at any time its corporate trust business shall be administered, which office at the date hereof is located at West Side Flats St Paul, 60 Livingston Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55107, EP-MN-WS3C Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal designated corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (or such other address as such successor Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company).
6
“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, custodian, administrator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
“Default” means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default.
“Definitive Registered Note” means, with respect to the Notes, a certificated Note registered in the name of the Holder thereof and transferred in accordance with Section 2.06 hereof, substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto except that such Note shall not bear the legends applicable to Global Notes and shall not have the “Schedule of Principal Amount in the Global Note” attached thereto.
“DTC” means The Depository Trust Company, its nominees and their respective successors.
“Euroclear” means Euroclear SA/NV, its nominees and successors.
“Existing First-Priority Secured Notes” means the 2027 First-Priority Secured Notes, the 2028 First-Priority Secured Notes and the 2029 First-Priority Secured Notes.
“Existing Revolving Facility” means the Revolving Credit Facility Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2025, among the Issuer and Carnival plc, as borrowers, the guarantors from time to time party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Existing Term Loan Facility” means the term loan credit agreement entered into by the Issuer on August 28, 2025.
“Existing Unsecured Notes” means the 2029 Unsecured Notes, the 2030 Euro Unsecured Notes, the 2030 Unsecured Notes, the 2031 Euro Unsecured Notes, the 2031 Unsecured Notes, the 2032 Unsecured Notes and the 2033 Unsecured Notes.
“FATCA Withholding” means any withholding or deduction required pursuant to an agreement described in section 1471(b) of the Code, or otherwise imposed pursuant to sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, any regulations or agreements thereunder, any official interpretations thereof, or any law implementing an intergovernmental approach thereto.
“Fitch” means Fitch Ratings Inc.
“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which were in effect on the Issue Date.
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“Government Securities” means direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States of America, and the payment for which the United States pledges its full faith and credit.
“Guarantee” means a guarantee other than by endorsement of negotiable instruments for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business, of all or any part of any indebtedness (whether arising by agreements to keep-well, to take or pay or to maintain financial statement conditions, pledges of assets, sureties or otherwise).
“Guarantors” means Carnival plc and any Subsidiary Guarantor that guarantees the Notes in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture, and their respective successors and assigns, until the Note Guarantee of such Person has been released in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.
“Holder” means the Person in whose name a Note is registered on the Registrar’s books.
“Indebtedness For Borrowed Money” of any Person means, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money, (b) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments and (c) all guarantee obligations of such Person with respect to Indebtedness For Borrowed Money of others.
“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof.
“Interest Payment Date” means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on the Notes.
“Investment Grade Rating” means “Baa3” by Moody’s or “BBB-” by S&P or Fitch, or equivalent (including the equivalent rating by any other Rating Agency), or better.
“Issue Date” means October 15, 2025.
“Issuer Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Issuer by any Person authorized by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Issuer.
“Italian Guarantor” means Costa Crociere S.p.A.
“Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
“Note Documents” means the Notes, any Additional Notes, the Note Guarantees, this Indenture and any other agreements, documents or instruments related to any of the foregoing, as they may be amended, restated, modified, renewed, supplemented, refunded, replaced or refinanced, from time to time.
“Note Guarantee” means the Guarantee by each Guarantor of the Issuer’s obligations under this Indenture and the Notes, executed pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture.
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“Offering Memorandum” means the final offering memorandum in respect of the Original Notes dated September 30, 2025.
“Officer” means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, an Executive Vice President, a Vice President, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, an Assistant Controller, the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary, or any individual designated by the Board of Directors of such Person.
“Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate signed on behalf of the Issuer by an Officer.
“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion from legal counsel, subject to customary exceptions and qualifications. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Issuer.
“Parent Entity” means any Person of which the Issuer or Carnival plc, as applicable, is a Subsidiary (including any Person of which the Issuer or Carnival plc, as applicable, becomes a Subsidiary after the Issue Date in compliance with this Indenture) and any holding company established by one or more Permitted Holders for purposes of holding its investment in any Parent Entity.
“Permitted Holders” means (i) each of Marilyn B. Arison, Micky Arison, Shari Arison, Michael Arison or their spouses, the children or lineal descendants of Marilyn B. Arison, Micky Arison, Shari Arison, Michael Arison or their spouses, any trust established for the benefit of (or any charitable trust or non-profit entity established by) any Arison family member mentioned in this clause (i), or any trustee, protector or similar person of such trust or non-profit entity or any “person” (as such term is used in Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the U.S. Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, controlling, controlled by or under common control with any Permitted Holder mentioned in this clause (i), and (ii) any “group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or Section 14(d)(2) of the U.S. Exchange Act) the members of which include any of the Permitted Holders specified in clause (i) above, and that (directly or indirectly) hold or acquire beneficial ownership of capital stock of the Issuer and/or Carnival plc (a “Permitted Holder Group”); provided that in the case of this clause (ii), the Permitted Holders specified in clause (i) collectively, directly or indirectly, beneficially own more than 50% on a fully diluted basis of the capital stock of the Issuer and Carnival plc (or, in each case, of the relevant Parent Entity designated as constituting the “Company” (in replacement of the Issuer and/or Carnival plc, as applicable)) held by such Permitted Holder Group. Any one or more persons or group whose acquisition of beneficial ownership constitutes a Change of Control in respect of which a Change of Control Offer is made in accordance with the requirements of this Indenture will thereafter, together with its (or their) affiliates, constitute an additional Permitted Holder or Permitted Holders, as applicable.
“Person” means any individual, corporation, company, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, limited liability company or government or other entity.
“QIB” means a “Qualified Institutional Buyer” as defined in Rule 144A.
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“Rating Agencies” means any of Moody’s, S&P or Fitch, or any of their respective successors or, if any of the foregoing shall cease to provide a corporate or issuer credit rating (or the equivalent) of the Issuer or a rating of the Notes, as applicable, for reasons outside the control of the Company, a nationally recognized statistical rating agency selected by the Issuer to substitute for such Rating Agency.
“Rating Downgrade” means, in respect of any Change of Control, that the Notes are, within the Change of Control Period in respect of such Change of Control, downgraded by two of the Rating Agencies to a non-Investment Grade Rating (Ba1/BB+, or equivalent, or lower) and are not, within such Change of Control Period subsequently upgraded to an Investment Grade Rating (Baa3/BBB-, or equivalent, or better) by both such Rating Agencies; provided, however, that a Rating Downgrade otherwise arising by virtue of a particular reduction in rating will not be deemed to have occurred in respect of a particular Change of Control (and thus will not be deemed a Rating Downgrade for purposes of the definition of Change of Control Triggering Event) if the Rating Agencies making the reduction in rating to which this definition would otherwise apply do not announce or confirm to us in writing at our request that the reduction was the result, in whole or in part, of any event or circumstance comprised of or arising as a result of, or in respect of, the applicable Change of Control (whether or not the applicable Change of Control has occurred at the time of the Rating Downgrade).
“Record Date,” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date, means the April 15 and October 15 (in each case, whether or not a Business Day) next preceding such Interest Payment Date.
“Redemption Date” means, when used with respect to any Note to be redeemed, in whole or in part, the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.
“Redemption Price” means, when used with respect to any Note to be redeemed, the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.
“Regulation S” means Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act (including any successor regulation thereto), as it may be amended from time to time.
“Relevant Announcement Date” means, in respect of any Change of Control, the date which is the earlier of (A) the date of the first public announcement of such Change of Control and (B) the date of the earliest Relevant Potential Change of Control Announcement, if any, in respect of such Change of Control.
“Relevant Potential Change of Control Announcement” means, in respect of any Change of Control, any public announcement or statement by the Issuer or Carnival plc or any actual or potential bidder or any advisor acting on behalf of any actual or potential bidder of any action or actions which could give rise to such Change of Control, provided that within 180 days following such announcement or statement such Change of Control shall have occurred.
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 under the U.S. Securities Act (including any successor regulation thereto), as it may be amended from time to time.
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“Rule 144A” means Rule 144A under the U.S. Securities Act (including any successor regulation thereto), as it may be amended from time to time.
“S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC.
“Security Interest” means a mortgage, pledge, lien, charge, assignment, hypothecation or security interest or any other agreement or arrangement having a similar effect.
“Significant Subsidiary” means a Subsidiary that is a “significant subsidiary” as defined under Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X.
“Stated Maturity” means, with respect to any installment of interest or principal on any series of indebtedness, the date on which the payment of interest or principal was scheduled to be paid in the documentation governing such indebtedness as of the Issue Date, and will not include any contingent obligations to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date originally scheduled for the payment thereof.
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any specified Person:
(1) any corporation, company, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency and after giving effect to any voting agreement or stockholders’ agreement that effectively transfers voting power) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees of the corporation, company, association or other business entity is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person (or a combination thereof); and
(2) any partnership or limited liability company of which (a) more than 50% of the capital accounts, distribution rights, total equity and voting interests or general and limited partnership interests, as applicable, are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof, whether in the form of membership, general, special or limited partnership interests or otherwise, and (b) such Person or any Subsidiary of such Person is a controlling general partner or otherwise controls such entity.
“Subsidiary Guarantor” means each Subsidiary of the Company that has provided a Note Guarantee.
“Supplemental Indenture” means a supplemental indenture to this Indenture substantially in the form of Exhibit D attached hereto.
“Tax” or “Taxes” means any tax, duty, levy, impost, assessment or other governmental charge (including penalties, interest and additions to tax related thereto, and, for the avoidance of doubt, including any withholding or deduction for or on account of Tax). “Taxation” shall be construed to have a corresponding meaning.
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“Trust Officer” means any officer within the agency and corporate trust group, division or section of the Trustee (however named, or any successor group of the Trustee) and also means, with respect to any particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.
“U.S. dollar” or “$” means the lawful currency of the United States of America.
“U.S. Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder.
“U.S. Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any successor statute, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder.
SECTION 1.02 Other Definitions.
Term | Section | ||||
“Additional Amounts” | 4.06(a) | ||||
“Additional Notes” | Recitals | ||||
“Agents” | 2.03 | ||||
“Applicable Procedures” | 2.06(b)(ii) | ||||
“Authorized Agent” | 12.08 | ||||
“Change in Tax Law” | 3.08(b) | ||||
“Change of Control Offer” | 4.05(a) | ||||
“Change of Control Purchase Date” | 4.05(a) | ||||
“Change of Control Purchase Price” | 4.05(a) | ||||
“Covenant Defeasance” | 8.03 | ||||
“Defaulted Interest” | 2.12 | ||||
“Event of Default” | 6.01(a) | ||||
“Exchange” | 4.05(i) | ||||
“Global Notes” | 2.01(c) | ||||
“Guarantee Fall-Away Event” | 4.07(b) | ||||
“Issuer” | Preamble | ||||
“Judgment Currency” | 12.14 | ||||
“Legal Defeasance” | 8.02 | ||||
“Note Obligations” | 10.01(a) | ||||
“Notes” | Recitals | ||||
“Original Notes” | Recitals | ||||
“Participants” | 2.01(c) | ||||
“Paying Agent” | 2.03 | ||||
“Principal Paying Agent” | 2.03 | ||||
“Registrar” | 2.03 | ||||
“Regulation S Global Note” | 2.01(b) | ||||
“Required Currency” | 12.14 | ||||
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Term | Section | ||||
“Restricted Global Note” | 2.01(b) | ||||
“Secured Debt” | 10.09(b) | ||||
“Security Register” | 2.03 | ||||
“Tax Jurisdiction” | 4.06(a) | ||||
“Tax Redemption Date” | 3.08 | ||||
“TIA” | 1.03(ix) | ||||
“Transfer Agent” | 2.03 | ||||
“Trustee” | Preamble | ||||
SECTION 1.03 Rules of Construction. Unless the context otherwise requires:
(i) a term has the meaning assigned to it;
(ii) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;
(iii) “or” is not exclusive;
(iv) “including” or “include” means including or include without limitation;
(v) words in the singular include the plural and words in the plural include the singular;
(vi) unsecured or unguaranteed indebtedness shall not be deemed to be subordinate or junior to secured or guaranteed indebtedness merely by virtue of its nature as unsecured or unguaranteed indebtedness;
(vii) any indebtedness secured by a Security Interest ranking junior to any of the Security Interests securing other indebtedness shall not be deemed to be subordinate or junior to such other indebtedness by virtue of the ranking of such Security Interests;
(viii) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section, clause or other subdivision;
(ix) except as provided in Section 7.09, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “TIA”), shall not apply to this Indenture or the other Note Documents or any documents or instruments related thereto, and no terms used in any of the foregoing shall have meanings given to them by the TIA; and
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(x) where a notification or designation is to be made by the “Company,” under this Indenture, such notification or designation may be made either by the Issuer or Carnival plc.
ARTICLE TWO
THE NOTES
THE NOTES
SECTION 2.01 The Notes.
(a) Form and Dating. The Notes and the Trustee’s (or the authenticating agent’s) certificate of authentication shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture. The Notes may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, the rules of any securities exchange agreements to which the Issuer is subject, if any, or usage; provided that any such notation, legend or endorsement is in form reasonably acceptable to the Issuer. The Issuer shall approve the form of the Notes. Each Note shall be dated the date of its authentication. The terms and provisions contained in the form of the Notes shall constitute and are hereby expressly made a part of this Indenture. The Notes shall be issued only in registered form without coupons and only in minimum denominations of $2,000 in principal amount and any integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.
(b) Global Notes. Notes offered and sold to QIBs in reliance on Rule 144A shall be issued initially in the form of one or more Global Notes substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, with such applicable legends as are provided in Exhibit A attached hereto, except as otherwise permitted herein (each, a “Restricted Global Note”), which shall be deposited on behalf of the purchasers of the Notes represented thereby with a custodian for DTC, and registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, duly executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Trustee (or its authenticating agent in accordance with Section 2.02) as hereinafter provided. The aggregate principal amount of each Restricted Global Note may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made by the Registrar on Schedule A to such Restricted Global Note and recorded in the Security Register, as hereinafter provided.
Notes offered and sold in reliance on Regulation S shall be issued initially in the form of one or more Global Notes substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto, with such applicable legends as are provided in Exhibit A attached hereto, except as otherwise permitted herein (each, a “Regulation S Global Note”), which shall be deposited on behalf of the purchasers of the Notes represented thereby with a custodian for DTC, and registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, duly executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Trustee (or its authenticating agent in accordance with Section 2.02) as hereinafter provided. The aggregate principal amount of each Regulation S Global Note may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made by the Registrar on Schedule A to such Regulation S Global Note and recorded in the Security Register, as hereinafter provided.
(c) Book-Entry Provisions. This Section 2.01(c) shall apply to the Regulation S Global Notes and the Restricted Global Notes (together, the “Global Notes”) deposited with or on behalf of DTC.
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Members of, or participants and account holders in, DTC (including Euroclear and Clearstream) (“Participants”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Note held on their behalf by DTC or by the Trustee or any custodian of DTC or under such Global Note, and DTC or its nominees may be treated by the Issuer, a Guarantor, the Trustee and any agent of the Issuer, a Guarantor or the Trustee as the sole owner of such Global Note (as applicable) for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Issuer, a Guarantor, the Trustee or any agent of the Issuer, a Guarantor or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by DTC or impair, as between DTC, on the one hand, and the Participants, on the other, the operation of customary practices of such persons governing the exercise of the rights of a Holder of a beneficial interest in any Global Note.
Subject to the provisions of Section 2.10(b), the registered Holder of a Global Note may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Participants and Persons that may hold interests through Participants, to take any action that a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Notes.
Except as provided in Section 2.10, owners of a beneficial interest in Global Notes will not be entitled to receive physical delivery of Definitive Registered Notes.
SECTION 2.02 Execution and Authentication. An authorized member of the Issuer’s Board of Directors or an executive officer of the Issuer shall sign the Notes on behalf of the Issuer by manual, electronic or facsimile signature.
If an authorized member of the Issuer’s Board of Directors or an executive officer whose signature is on a Note no longer holds that office at the time the Trustee (or its authenticating agent) authenticates the Note, the Note shall be valid nevertheless.
A Note shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose until an authorized signatory of the Trustee (or its authenticating agent) manually signs the certificate of authentication on the Note. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Note has been authenticated under this Indenture.
The Issuer shall execute and, upon receipt of an Issuer Order, the Trustee shall authenticate (whether itself or via the authenticating agent) (a) Original Notes, on the date hereof, for original issue up to an aggregate principal amount of $1,250,000,000 and (b) Additional Notes, from time to time. The Issuer is permitted to issue Additional Notes as part of a further issue under this Indenture, from time to time; provided that any Additional Notes may not have the same CUSIP number and/or ISIN (or be represented by the same Global Note or Global Notes) as the Notes unless the Additional Notes are fungible with the Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Issuer will issue Notes in denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.
The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent reasonably acceptable to the Issuer to authenticate the Notes. Unless limited by the terms of such appointment, any such authenticating agent may authenticate Notes whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture
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to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by any such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as any Registrar, co-Registrar, Transfer Agent or Paying Agent to deal with the Issuer or an Affiliate of the Issuer.
The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Notes under this Section 2.02 if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken or if the Trustee in good faith shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to existing Holders.
SECTION 2.03 Registrar, Transfer Agent and Paying Agent. The Issuer shall maintain an office or agency for the registration of the Notes and of their transfer or exchange (the “Registrar”), an office or agency where Notes may be transferred or exchanged (the “Transfer Agent”), an office or agency where the Notes may be presented for payment (the “Paying Agent” and references to the Paying Agent shall include the Principal Paying Agent) and an office or agency where notices or demands to or upon the Issuer in respect of the Notes may be served. The Issuer may appoint one or more Transfer Agents, one or more co-Registrars and one or more additional Paying Agents.
The Issuer or any of its Affiliates may act as Transfer Agent, Registrar, co-Registrar, Paying Agent and agent for service of notices and demands in connection with the Notes; provided that neither the Issuer nor any of its Affiliates shall act as Paying Agent for the purposes of Articles Three and Eight and Section 4.05.
The Issuer hereby appoints (i) U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, located at 60 Livingston Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55107, as Principal Paying Agent (the “Principal Paying Agent”), (ii) U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, located at 60 Livingston Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55107, as Registrar, and (iii) U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, located at 60 Livingston Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55107, as Transfer Agent. Each hereby accepts such appointments. The Transfer Agent, Principal Paying Agent and Registrar and any authenticating agent are collectively referred to in this Indenture as the “Agents.” The roles, duties and functions of the Agents are of a mechanical nature and each Agent shall only perform those acts and duties as specifically set out in this Indenture and no other acts, covenants, obligations or duties shall be implied or read into this Indenture against any of the Agents. For the avoidance of doubt, a Paying Agent’s obligation to disburse any funds shall be subject to prior receipt by it of those funds to be disbursed.
Subject to any applicable laws and regulations, the Issuer shall cause the Registrar to keep a register (the “Security Register”) at its corporate trust office in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Issuer shall provide for the registration of ownership, exchange, and transfer of the Notes. Such registration in the Security Register shall be conclusive evidence of the ownership of Notes. Included in the books and records for the Notes shall be notations as to whether such Notes have been paid, exchanged or transferred, canceled, lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed and whether such Notes have been replaced. In the case of the replacement of any of the Notes, the Registrar shall keep a record of the Note so replaced and the Note issued in replacement thereof. In the case of the cancellation of any of the
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Notes, the Registrar shall keep a record of the Note so canceled and the date on which such Note was canceled.
The Issuer shall enter into an appropriate agency agreement with any Paying Agent or co-Registrar not a party to this Indenture. The agreement shall implement the provisions of this Indenture that relate to such agent. The Issuer shall notify the Trustee of the name and address of any such agent. If the Issuer fails to maintain a Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee may appoint a suitably qualified and reputable party to act as such and shall be entitled to appropriate compensation therefor pursuant to Section 7.05.
SECTION 2.04 Paying Agent to Hold Money. Not later than 12:00 p.m. (New York, New York time), on each due date of the principal, premium, if any, and interest on any Notes, the Issuer shall deposit with the Principal Paying Agent (and, if applicable, any other Paying Agent) money in immediately available funds in U.S. dollars sufficient to pay such principal, premium, if any, and interest so becoming due on the due date for payment under the Notes. The Issuer shall procure payment confirmation on or prior to the third Business Day preceding payment. The Principal Paying Agent (and, if applicable, each other Paying Agent) shall remit such payment in a timely manner to the Holders on the relevant due date for payment, it being acknowledged by each Holder that if the Issuer deposits such money with the Principal Paying Agent (and, if applicable, any other Paying Agent) after the time specified in the immediately preceding sentence, the Principal Paying Agent (and, if applicable, any other Paying Agent) shall remit such money to the Holders on the relevant due date for payment, unless such remittance is impracticable having regard to applicable banking procedures and timing constraints, in which case the Principal Paying Agent (and, if applicable, any other Paying Agent) shall remit such money to the Holders on the next Business Day, but without liability for any interest resulting from such late payment. For the avoidance of doubt, the Principal Paying Agent (and, if applicable, any other Paying Agent) shall only be obliged to remit money to Holders if it has actually received such money from the Issuer in clear funds. The Principal Paying Agent shall promptly notify the Trustee of any default by the Issuer (or any other obligor on the Notes) in making any payment. The Issuer at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee and account for any funds disbursed, and the Trustee may at any time during the continuance of any payment default, upon written request to a Paying Agent, require such Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee and to account for any funds disbursed. Upon doing so, the Paying Agent shall have no further liability for the money so paid over to the Trustee. If the Issuer or any Affiliate of the Issuer acts as Paying Agent, it shall, on or before each due date of any principal, premium, if any, or interest on the Notes, segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders a sum of money sufficient to pay such principal, premium, if any, or interest so becoming due until such sum of money shall be paid to such Holders or otherwise disposed of as provided in this Indenture, and shall promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure to act.
The Trustee may, if the Issuer has notified it in writing that the Issuer intends to effect a defeasance or to satisfy and discharge this Indenture in accordance with the provisions of Article Eight, notify the Paying Agent in writing of this fact and require the Paying Agent (until notified
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by the Trustee to the contrary) to act thereafter as Paying Agent of the Trustee and not the Issuer in relation to any amounts deposited with it in accordance with the provisions of Article Eight.
SECTION 2.05 Holder Lists. The Registrar shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Holders. If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Issuer shall furnish to the Trustee, in writing no later than the Record Date for each Interest Payment Date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list, in such form and as of such Record Date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders, including the aggregate principal amount of Notes held by each Holder.
SECTION 2.06 Transfer and Exchange.
(a) Where Notes are presented to the Registrar or a co-Registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Notes of other denominations, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange in accordance with the requirements of this Section 2.06. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee (or the authenticating agent) shall, upon receipt of an Issuer Order, authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Notes of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount, at the Registrar’s request; provided that no Note of less than $2,000 may be transferred or exchanged. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Notes (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Issuer may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any agency fee or similar charge payable in connection with any such registration of transfer or exchange of Notes (other than any agency fee or similar charge payable in connection with any redemption of the Notes or upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.10, 3.07 or 9.04) or in accordance with a Change of Control Offer pursuant to Section 4.05 not involving a transfer.
Upon presentation for exchange or transfer of any Note as permitted by the terms of this Indenture and by any legend appearing on such Note, such Note shall be exchanged or transferred upon the Security Register and one or more new Notes shall be authenticated and issued in the name of the relevant Holder (in the case of exchanges only) or the transferee, as the case may be. No exchange or transfer of a Note shall be effective under this Indenture unless and until such Note has been registered in the name of such Person in the relevant Security Register. Furthermore, the exchange or transfer of any Note shall not be effective under this Indenture unless the request for such exchange or transfer is made by the relevant Holder or by a duly authorized attorney-in-fact at the office of the Registrar.
Every Note presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Issuer or the Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Issuer and the Registrar, duly executed by the relevant Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.
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All Notes issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Notes shall be the valid obligations of the Issuer evidencing the same indebtedness, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Notes surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.
Neither the Issuer nor the Trustee, Registrar or any Paying Agent shall be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any Note during a period beginning at the opening of 15 days before the day of the delivery of a notice of redemption of Notes selected for redemption under Section 3.03 and ending at the close of business on the day of such delivery, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Note so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part.
(b) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary herein, so long as a Global Note remains outstanding and is held by or on behalf of DTC, transfers of a Global Note, in whole or in part, or of any beneficial interest therein, shall only be made in accordance with Section 2.01(c), Section 2.06(a) and this Section 2.06(b); provided that a beneficial interest in a Global Note may be transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the same Global Note in accordance with the transfer restrictions set forth in the restricted Note legend on the Note, if any.
(i) Except for transfers or exchanges made in accordance with either of clauses (ii) or (iii) of this Section 2.06(b), transfers of a Global Note shall be limited to transfers of such Global Note in whole, but not in part, to nominees or custodians of DTC or to a successor of DTC or such successor’s nominee or custodian.
(ii) Restricted Global Note to Regulation S Global Note. If the holder of a beneficial interest in the Restricted Global Note at any time wishes to exchange its interest in such Restricted Global Note for an interest in the Regulation S Global Note, or to transfer its interest in such Restricted Global Note to a Person who wishes to take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note, such transfer or exchange may be effected, only in accordance with this clause (ii) and the rules and procedures of DTC, in each case to the extent applicable (the “Applicable Procedures”). Upon receipt by the Registrar from the Transfer Agent of (A) written instructions directing the Registrar to credit or cause to be credited an interest in the Regulation S Global Note in a specified principal amount and to cause to be debited an interest in the Restricted Global Note in such specified principal amount, and (B) a certificate in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto given by the holder of such beneficial interest stating that the transfer of such interest has been made in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Global Notes and (x) pursuant to and in accordance with Regulation S or (y) that the interest in the Restricted Global Note being transferred is being transferred in a transaction permitted by Rule 144, then the Registrar shall reduce or cause to be reduced the principal amount of the Restricted Global Note and shall cause DTC to increase or cause to be increased the principal amount of the Regulation S Global Note by the aggregate principal amount of the interest in the Restricted Global Note to be exchanged or transferred.
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(iii) Regulation S Global Note to Restricted Global Note. If the holder of a beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note at any time wishes to transfer such interest to a Person who wishes to take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the Restricted Global Note, such transfer may be effected only in accordance with this clause (iii) and the Applicable Procedures. Upon receipt by the Registrar from the Transfer Agent of (A) written instructions directing the Registrar to credit or cause to be credited an interest in the Restricted Global Note in a specified principal amount and to cause to be debited an interest in the Regulation S Global Note in such specified principal amount, and (B) a certificate in the form of Exhibit C attached hereto given by the holder of such beneficial interest stating that the transfer of such interest has been made in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Global Notes and stating that (x) the Person transferring such interest reasonably believes that the Person acquiring such interest is a QIB and is obtaining such interest in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A and any applicable securities laws of any state of the United States or (y) that the Person transferring such interest is relying on an exemption other than Rule 144A from the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act and, in such circumstances, such Opinion of Counsel as the Issuer or the Trustee may reasonably request to ensure that the requested transfer or exchange is being made pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act, then the Registrar shall reduce or cause to be reduced the principal amount of the Regulation S Global Note and to increase or cause to be increased the principal amount of the Restricted Global Note by the aggregate principal amount of the interest in such Regulation S Global Note to be exchanged or transferred.
(c) If Notes are issued upon the transfer, exchange or replacement of Notes bearing the restricted Notes legends set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto, the Notes so issued shall bear the restricted Notes legends, and a request to remove such restricted Notes legends from Notes shall not be honored unless there is delivered to the Issuer such satisfactory evidence, which may include an Opinion of Counsel licensed to practice law in the State of New York, as may be reasonably required by the Issuer, that neither the legend nor the restrictions on transfer set forth therein are required to ensure that transfers thereof comply with the provisions of Rule 144A or Rule 144 under the U.S. Securities Act. Upon provision of such satisfactory evidence, the Trustee, at the direction of the Issuer, shall (or shall direct the authenticating agent to) authenticate and deliver Notes that do not bear the legend.
(d) The Trustee and the Agents shall have no responsibility for any actions taken or not taken by DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be.
(e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2.06, the Issuer is not required to register the transfer of any Definitive Registered Notes:
(i) for a period of 15 days prior to any date fixed for the redemption of the Notes;
(ii) for a period of 15 days immediately prior to the date fixed for selection of Notes to be redeemed in part;
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(iii) for a period of 15 days prior to the Record Date with respect to any Interest Payment Date; and
(iv) which the Holder has tendered (and not withdrawn) for repurchase in connection with a Change of Control Offer.
SECTION 2.07 Replacement Notes. If a mutilated Definitive Registered Note is surrendered to the Registrar or if the Holder claims that the Note has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Issuer shall issue and the Trustee shall (or shall direct the authenticating agent to), upon receipt of an Issuer Order, authenticate a replacement Note in such form as the Note mutilated, lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken if the Holder satisfies any other reasonable requirements of the Issuer and any requirement of the Trustee. If required by the Trustee or the Issuer, such Holder shall furnish an indemnity bond sufficient in the judgment of the Issuer and the Trustee to protect the Issuer, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the Transfer Agent, the Registrar and any co-Registrar, and any authenticating agent, from any loss that any of them may suffer if a Note is replaced. The Issuer and the Trustee may charge the Holder for their expenses in replacing a Note.
In the event any such mutilated, lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken Note has become or is about to become due and payable, the Issuer in its discretion may pay such Note instead of issuing a new Note in replacement thereof.
Every replacement Note shall be an additional obligation of the Issuer.
The provisions of this Section 2.07 are exclusive and will preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Notes.
SECTION 2.08 Outstanding Notes. Notes outstanding at any time are all Notes authenticated by or on behalf of the Trustee except for those cancelled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation and those described in this Section 2.08 as not outstanding. Subject to Section 2.09, a Note does not cease to be outstanding because the Issuer or an Affiliate of the Issuer holds the Note.
If a Note is replaced pursuant to Section 2.07, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee and the Issuer receive proof satisfactory to them that the Note that has been replaced is held by a bona fide purchaser.
If the Paying Agent holds, in accordance with this Indenture, on a Redemption Date or maturity date money sufficient to pay all principal, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, payable on that date with respect to the Notes (or portions thereof) to be redeemed or maturing, as the case may be, and the Paying Agent is not prohibited from paying such money to the Holders on that date pursuant to the terms of this Indenture, then on and after that date such Notes (or portions thereof) cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.
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SECTION 2.09 Notes Held by Issuer. In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Notes have concurred in any direction or consent or any amendment, modification or other change to this Indenture, Notes owned by the Issuer, by any Guarantor or by any Affiliate thereof shall be disregarded and treated as if they were not outstanding, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent or any amendment, modification or other change to this Indenture, only Notes which a Trust Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. Notes so owned which have been pledged in good faith shall not be disregarded if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to the Notes and that the pledgee is not the Issuer, a Guarantor or any Affiliate thereof.
SECTION 2.10 Definitive Registered Notes.
(a) A Global Note deposited with a custodian for DTC pursuant to Section 2.01 shall be transferred in whole to a Definitive Registered Note only if such transfer complies with Section 2.06 and (i) DTC notifies the Issuer that it is unwilling or unable to continue to act as depositary for such Global Note or DTC ceases to be registered as a clearing agency under the U.S. Exchange Act, and in each case a successor depositary is not appointed by the Issuer within 90 days of such notice, (ii) the Issuer, at its option, executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that such Global Note shall be so exchangeable or (iii) the owner of a Book-Entry Interest requests such an exchange in writing delivered through DTC following an Event of Default under this Indenture. Notice of any such transfer shall be given by the Issuer in accordance with the provisions of Section 12.01(a).
(b) Any Global Note that is transferred to a Definitive Registered Note pursuant to this Section 2.10 shall be surrendered by the custodian for DTC, to the Transfer Agent, to be so transferred, in whole or from time to time in part, without charge, and the Trustee shall itself or via the authenticating agent authenticate and deliver, upon such transfer of each portion of such Global Note, an equal aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes of authorized denominations in the form of one or more Definitive Registered Notes. Any portion of a Global Note transferred or exchanged pursuant to this Section 2.10 shall be executed, authenticated and delivered only in registered form in minimum denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof and registered in such names as DTC may direct. Subject to the foregoing, a Global Note is not exchangeable except for a Global Note of like denomination to be registered in the name of DTC or its nominee. In the event that a Global Note becomes exchangeable for Definitive Registered Notes, payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Definitive Registered Notes will be payable, and the transfer of the Definitive Registered Notes will be registrable, at the office or agency of the Issuer maintained for such purposes in accordance with Section 2.03. Such Definitive Registered Notes shall bear the applicable legends set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto.
(c) In the event of the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 2.10(a), the Issuer shall promptly make available to the Trustee and the authenticating agent a
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reasonable supply of Definitive Registered Notes in definitive, fully registered form without interest coupons.
SECTION 2.11 Cancellation. The Issuer at any time may deliver Notes to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Notes surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee, in accordance with its customary procedures, and no one else shall cancel (subject to the record retention requirements of the U.S. Exchange Act and the Trustee’s retention policy) all Notes surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment or cancellation and dispose of such cancelled Notes in its customary manner. Except as otherwise provided in this Indenture, the Issuer may not issue new Notes to replace Notes it has redeemed, paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
SECTION 2.12 Defaulted Interest. Any interest on any Note that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on the dates and in the manner provided in the Notes and this Indenture (all such interest herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Issuer, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (a) or (b) below:
(a) The Issuer may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Notes are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Issuer shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Note and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Issuer may deposit with the Paying Agent an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest; or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as provided in this clause. In addition, the Issuer shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, such date to be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the proposed payment date and not less than 15 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment date. The Issuer shall promptly but, in any event, not less than 15 days prior to the special record date, notify the Trustee of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Issuer, the Trustee shall cause notice of the proposed payment date of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be delivered first-class, postage prepaid to each Holder as such Holder’s address appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment date of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor having been so delivered, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Notes are registered at the close of business on such special record date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to clause (b) below.
(b) The Issuer may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Notes in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Notes may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if,
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after notice given by the Issuer to the Trustee of the proposed payment date pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed reasonably practicable.
Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.12, each Note delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Note shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Note.
SECTION 2.13 Computation of Interest. Interest on the Notes shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.
SECTION 2.14 ISIN and CUSIP Numbers. The Issuer in issuing the Notes may use ISIN and CUSIP numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use ISIN and CUSIP numbers, as appropriate, in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers or codes either as printed on the Notes or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Notes, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Issuer shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the ISIN or CUSIP numbers.
SECTION 2.15 Issuance of Additional Notes. The Issuer may issue Additional Notes under this Indenture in accordance with the procedures of Section 2.02. Except as provided herein, the Original Notes issued on the Issue Date and any Additional Notes subsequently issued shall be treated as a single class for all purposes under this Indenture.
ARTICLE THREE
REDEMPTION; OFFERS TO PURCHASE
REDEMPTION; OFFERS TO PURCHASE
SECTION 3.01 Right of Redemption. The Issuer may redeem all or any portion of the Notes upon the terms and at the Redemption Prices set forth in the Notes. Any redemption pursuant to this Section 3.01 shall be made pursuant to the provisions of this Article Three.
SECTION 3.02 Notices to Trustee. If the Issuer elects to redeem Notes pursuant to Section 3.01, it shall notify the Trustee in writing of the Redemption Date, the principal amount of Notes to be redeemed, the Redemption Price and the paragraph of the Notes pursuant to which the redemption will occur. The Issuer shall give each notice to the Trustee provided for in this Section 3.02 at least 10 days but not more than 60 days before a Redemption Date if the redemption is a redemption pursuant to Section 6 of the Note, except that notice may be given to the Trustee more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date if the notice is given in connection with a defeasance of the Notes or a satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or if the Redemption Date is delayed. Such notice shall be accompanied by an Officer’s Certificate from the Issuer to the effect that such redemption will comply with the conditions herein.
SECTION 3.03 Selection of Notes to Be Redeemed. If fewer than all of the Notes are to be redeemed at any time, the Trustee shall select the Notes to be redeemed by a method that complies with the requirements, as certified to it by the Issuer, of the principal securities
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exchange, if any, on which the Notes are listed at such time (it being understood that the Issuer shall notify the Trustee of any such listing), and in compliance with the requirements of DTC or, if the Notes are not listed on a securities exchange, or such securities exchange prescribes no method of selection and the Notes are not held through DTC or DTC prescribes no method of selection, on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method as the Trustee deems fair and appropriate; provided, however, that no such partial redemption shall reduce the portion of the principal amount of a Note not redeemed to less than $2,000. For Notes which are represented by global certificates held on behalf of DTC, if the Notes are selected for redemption on a pro rata basis, the Notes to be redeemed shall be selected in accordance with DTC procedures on a “Pro Rata Pass-Through Distribution of Principal” basis.
The Trustee shall make the selection from the Notes outstanding and not previously called for redemption. The Trustee may select for redemption portions equal to $1,000 in principal amount and any integral multiple thereof; provided that no Notes of $2,000 in principal amount or less may be redeemed in part. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Notes called for redemption also apply to portions of Notes called for redemption. The Trustee shall notify the Issuer promptly in writing of the Notes or portions of Notes to be called for redemption.
The Trustee shall not be liable for selections made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.03 or for selections made by DTC.
SECTION 3.04 Notice of Redemption.
(a) At least 10 days but not more than 60 days before a date for redemption of the Notes, the Issuer shall deliver a notice of redemption to each Holder to be redeemed at its address contained in the relevant Security Register or electronically if such Notes are held by DTC, as applicable, except that redemption notices may be delivered more than 60 days prior to a redemption date if the notice is issued in connection with a defeasance of the Notes or a satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, and shall comply with the provisions of Section 12.01(b).
(b) The notice shall identify the Notes to be redeemed (including ISIN and CUSIP numbers) and shall state:
(i) the Redemption Date;
(ii) the appropriate calculation of the Redemption Price and the amount of accrued interest, if any, and Additional Amounts, if any, to be paid;
(iii) the name and address of the Paying Agent;
(iv) that Notes called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the Redemption Price plus accrued interest, if any, and Additional Amounts, if any;
(v) that, if any Note is being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount (equal to $1,000 in principal amount or any integral multiple thereof) of
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such Note to be redeemed and that, on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Note, a new Note or Notes in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be reissued;
(vi) that, if any Note contains an ISIN or CUSIP number, no representation is being made as to the correctness of such ISIN or CUSIP number either as printed on the Notes or as contained in the notice of redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Notes;
(vii) that, unless the Issuer and the Guarantors default in making such redemption payment, interest on the Notes (or portion thereof) called for redemption shall cease to accrue on and after the Redemption Date; and
(viii) the paragraph of the Notes or section of this Indenture pursuant to which the Notes called for redemption are being redeemed.
At the Issuer’s written request, the Trustee shall give a notice of redemption in the Issuer’s name and at the Issuer’s expense. In such event, the Issuer shall provide the Trustee with the notice and the other information required by this Section 3.04.
For Notes which are represented by global certificates held on behalf of DTC, notices may be given by delivery of the relevant notices to DTC for communication to entitled account holders in substitution for the aforesaid delivery.
(c) Notice of any redemption upon or following any corporate transaction or other event (including any equity offering, incurrence of indebtedness, change of control or other transaction) may be given prior to the completion thereof, and any redemption or notice thereof may, at the Issuer’s discretion, be subject to one or more conditions precedent, including, but not limited to, completion of a corporate transaction or other event. If any redemption is so subject to satisfaction of one or more conditions precedent, such notice shall describe each such condition and, if applicable, shall state that, in the Issuer’s discretion, the Redemption Date may be delayed until such time as any or all such conditions shall be satisfied (or waived by the Issuer in the Issuer’s discretion), and/or such redemption may not occur and such notice may be rescinded in the event that any or all such conditions shall not have been satisfied (or waived by the Issuer in the Issuer’s discretion) by the Redemption Date, or by the Redemption Date as so delayed, and/or that such notice may be rescinded at any time by the Issuer if the Issuer determines in its discretion that any or all of such conditions will not be satisfied (or waived). Notice of any redemption may be partial as a result of only some of the conditions being satisfied. In addition, the Issuer may provide in such notice that payment of the applicable redemption price and the performance of the Issuer’s obligations with respect to such redemption may be performed by another Person.
SECTION 3.05 Deposit of Redemption Price. On the Redemption Date, by no later than 12:00 p.m. (New York, New York time) on that date, the Issuer shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Paying Agent (or, if the Issuer or any of its Affiliates is the Paying Agent, shall segregate and hold in trust) a sum in same day funds sufficient to pay the Redemption Price
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of and accrued interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on all Notes to be redeemed on that date other than Notes or portions of Notes called for redemption that have previously been delivered by the Issuer to the Trustee for cancellation. The Paying Agent shall return to the Issuer following a written request by the Issuer any money so deposited that is not required for that purpose.
SECTION 3.06 Payment of Notes Called for Redemption. If notice of redemption has been given in the manner provided below, the Notes or portion of Notes specified in such notice to be redeemed shall become due and payable on the Redemption Date at the Redemption Price stated therein, together with accrued interest to such Redemption Date, and on and after such date (unless the Issuer shall default in the payment of such Notes at the Redemption Price and accrued interest to the Redemption Date, in which case the principal, until paid, shall bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed in the Notes) such Notes shall cease to accrue interest. Upon surrender of any Note for redemption in accordance with a notice of redemption, such Note shall be paid and redeemed by the Issuer at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date; provided that installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record Date.
Notice of redemption shall be deemed to be given when delivered, whether or not the Holder receives the notice. In any event, failure to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of Notes held by Holders to whom such notice was properly given.
SECTION 3.07 Notes Redeemed in Part.
(a) Upon surrender of a Global Note that is redeemed in part, the Paying Agent shall forward such Global Note to the relevant Registrar who shall make a notation on the relevant Security Register to reduce the principal amount of such Global Note to an amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Global Note surrendered; provided that each such Global Note shall be in a principal amount at final Stated Maturity of $2,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof.
(b) Upon surrender and cancellation of a Definitive Registered Note that is redeemed in part, the Issuer shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder (at the Issuer’s expense) a new Note equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Note surrendered and canceled; provided that each such Definitive Registered Note shall be in a principal amount at final Stated Maturity of $2,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof.
SECTION 3.08 Redemption for Changes in Taxes. The Issuer may redeem the Notes, in whole but not in part, at its discretion at any time upon giving not less than 10 nor more than 60 days’ prior written notice to the Holders of the Notes (which notice shall be irrevocable and given in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 3.04), at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date fixed by the Issuer for redemption (a “Tax Redemption Date”) and all Additional Amounts (if any) then due or which will become due on the Tax Redemption Date as a result of the
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redemption or otherwise (subject to the right of Holders on the relevant Record Date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date and Additional Amounts (if any) in respect thereof), if the Issuer determines, based upon an opinion of independent counsel of recognized standing, that on the next date on which any amount would be payable in respect of the Notes or Note Guarantee, the Issuer or any Guarantor is or would be required to pay Additional Amounts (but, in the case of a Guarantor, only if the payment giving rise to such requirement cannot be made by the Issuer or another Guarantor without the obligation to pay Additional Amounts), and the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor cannot avoid any such payment obligation by taking reasonable measures available (including, for the avoidance of doubt, appointment of a new Paying Agent but excluding the reincorporation or reorganization of the Issuer or any Guarantor), and the requirement arises as a result of:
(a) any change in, or amendment to, the laws (or any regulations or rulings promulgated thereunder) of the relevant Tax Jurisdiction which change or amendment is announced and becomes effective after the Issue Date (or if the applicable Tax Jurisdiction became a Tax Jurisdiction on a date after the Issue Date, after such later date); or
(b) any change in, or amendment to, the official application, administration or interpretation of such laws, regulations or rulings (including by virtue of a holding, judgment or order by a court of competent jurisdiction or a change in published practice), which change or amendment is announced and becomes effective after the Issue Date (or if the applicable Tax Jurisdiction became a Tax Jurisdiction on a date after the Issue Date, after such later date) (each of the foregoing clauses (a) and (b), a “Change in Tax Law”).
The Issuer shall not give any such notice of redemption earlier than 60 days prior to the earliest date on which the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor would be obligated to make such payment or Additional Amounts if a payment in respect of the Notes or Note Guarantee were then due and at the time such notice is given, the obligation to pay Additional Amounts must remain in effect. Prior to the delivery of any notice of redemption of the Notes pursuant to the foregoing, the Issuer shall deliver the Trustee an opinion of independent tax counsel of recognized standing qualified under the laws of the relevant Tax Jurisdiction (which counsel shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee) to the effect that there has been a Change in Tax Law which would entitle the Issuer to redeem the Notes hereunder. In addition, before the Issuer delivers a notice of redemption of the Notes as described above, it shall deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate to the effect that it cannot avoid its obligation to pay Additional Amounts by the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor taking reasonable measures available to it.
The Trustee will accept and shall be entitled to rely on such Officer’s Certificate and opinion of counsel as sufficient evidence of the existence and satisfaction of the conditions as described above, in which event it will be conclusive and binding on all of the Holders.
The foregoing provisions of this Section 3.08 will apply, mutatis mutandis, to any successor of the Issuer (or any Guarantor) with respect to a Change in Tax Law occurring after the time such Person becomes successor to the Issuer (or any Guarantor).
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ARTICLE FOUR
COVENANTS
COVENANTS
SECTION 4.01 Payment of Notes. The Issuer and the Guarantors, jointly and severally, covenant and agree for the benefit of the Holders that they shall duly and punctually pay the principal of, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on the Notes on the dates and in the manner provided in the Notes and in this Indenture. Subject to Section 2.04, principal, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, shall be considered paid on the date due if on such date the Trustee or the Paying Agent (other than the Issuer or any of its Affiliates) holds, as of 12:00 p.m. (New York, New York time) on the due date, in accordance with this Indenture, money sufficient to pay all principal, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, then due. If the Issuer or any of its Affiliates acts as Paying Agent, principal, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, shall be considered paid on the due date if the entity acting as Paying Agent complies with Section 2.04.
SECTION 4.02 Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Company shall at all times maintain a Paying Agent where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Notes and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of each such office or agency. In case the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to give notice of the location or of any change thereof, presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.
SECTION 4.03 Statement as to Compliance. The Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, an Officer’s Certificate stating that in the course of the performance by the signer of its duties as an Officer of the Issuer the signer would normally have knowledge of any Default and whether or not the signer knows of any Default that occurred during such period and, if any, specifying such Default and the nature thereof of which the signer may have knowledge.
SECTION 4.04 Limitation on Liens. Neither the Issuer nor any Guarantor shall create or incur, or suffer to be created or incurred, any Security Interest in respect of Indebtedness For Borrowed Money on any vessel or other of its respective properties or assets of any kind, real or personal, tangible or intangible, included in the consolidated balance sheet of the Carnival Corporation & plc Group in accordance with GAAP, nor shall the Issuer or any Guarantor permit any member of the Carnival Corporation & plc Group to do any of the foregoing, without making or causing to be made effective provisions whereby either (x) the Notes will be secured by a Security Interest on such vessels, properties or assets equally and ratably with (or prior to) all other Indebtedness For Borrowed Money thereby secured or (y) the Notes will be secured by a Security Interest on other vessels, properties or assets with a book value at least equal to the principal amount of the Notes that ranks prior to all other Indebtedness For Borrowed Money thereby secured, unless after giving effect thereto, the aggregate amount of all such Indebtedness For Borrowed Money secured by Security Interests on such properties or assets would not exceed an amount equal to 40% of the Consolidated Tangible Assets of the Carnival Corporation & plc Group as determined based on the Carnival Corporation & plc Group’s most
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recent consolidated balance sheet and after giving effect to the incurrence of any Indebtedness For Borrowed Money secured by Security Interests and the application of the proceeds therefrom; provided, however, that the foregoing restriction shall not apply to, and there shall be excluded from Indebtedness For Borrowed Money secured by Security Interests on property or assets in any computation under this Section 4.04, Indebtedness For Borrowed Money secured by:
(i) Security Interests existing on the Issue Date;
(ii) Security Interests on any real or personal property on any Person existing at the time such Person became a Guarantor or a member of the Carnival Corporation & plc Group and not incurred in contemplation of such Person becoming a Guarantor or a member of the Carnival Corporation & plc Group;
(iii) Security Interests in favor of the Issuer, any Guarantor or any member of the Carnival Corporation & plc Group;
(iv) Security Interests existing on any real or personal property at the time it is acquired by the Issuer, any Guarantor or any member of the Carnival Corporation & plc Group or created within 18 months of the date of such acquisition, conditional sale and similar agreements;
(v) purchase money Security Interests to secure the purchase price or construction cost of any property incurred prior to, at the time of or within 18 months after the acquisition, the completion of the construction or the commencement of full operations of the property; and
(vi) any extension, renewal or refunding (or successive extensions, renewals or refundings) of any Security Interest referred to in the foregoing clauses (i) to (v) inclusive; provided the principal amount of such extension, renewal or refunding may not exceed the principal amount of the Security Interest being extended, renewed or refunding plus the amount of any premium or other costs paid in connection with such extension, renewal or refunding.
Any Security Interest granted to the Holders under clauses (x) or (y) of this Section 4.04 will terminate automatically when any other Indebtedness For Borrowed Money that causes such Security Interest to be granted ceases to be secured by any vessels, assets or properties of the Carnival Corporation & plc Group.
SECTION 4.05 Purchase of Notes upon a Change of Control.
(a) If a Change of Control Triggering Event occurs at any time, then the Company shall make an offer (a “Change of Control Offer”) to each Holder to purchase such Holder’s Notes (equal to $2,000 principal amount or an integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof), at a purchase price (the “Change of Control Purchase Price”) in cash in an amount equal to 101.0% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on the Notes repurchased to the date of purchase (the “Change of Control
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Purchase Date”) (subject to the right of Holders on the relevant Record Date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date).
(b) Within 30 days following any Change of Control Triggering Event, the Company shall deliver a notice to each Holder of the Notes at such Holder’s registered address or otherwise deliver a notice in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 3.04, which notice shall state:
(A) that a Change of Control Triggering Event has occurred, and the date it occurred, and that a Change of Control Offer is being made;
(B) the circumstances and relevant facts regarding such Change of Control;
(C) the Change of Control Purchase Price and the Change of Control Purchase Date, which shall be a Business Day no earlier than 30 days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is delivered, pursuant to the procedures required by this Indenture and described in such notice;
(D) that any Note accepted for payment pursuant to the Change of Control Offer shall cease to accrue interest after the Change of Control Purchase Date unless the Change of Control Purchase Price is not paid;
(E) that any Note (or part thereof) not tendered shall continue to accrue interest; and
(F) any other procedures that a Holder must follow to accept a Change of Control Offer or to withdraw such acceptance.
(c) On the Change of Control Purchase Date, the Company shall, to the extent lawful:
(i) accept for payment all Notes or portions of Notes properly tendered pursuant to the Change of Control Offer;
(ii) deposit with the Paying Agent an amount equal to the Change of Control Purchase Price in respect of all Notes or portions of Notes properly tendered; and
(iii) deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee the Notes properly accepted together with an Officer’s Certificate stating the aggregate principal amount of Notes or portions of Notes being purchased by the Company.
(d) The Paying Agent shall promptly deliver to each Holder which has properly tendered and so accepted the Change of Control Offer for such Notes, and the Trustee (or an authenticating agent appointed by the Company) shall promptly authenticate and deliver (or cause to be transferred by book-entry) to each Holder a new Note equal in principal amount to any unpurchased portion of the Notes surrendered, if any. Any Note so accepted for payment
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will cease to accrue interest on or after the Change of Control Purchase Date. The Company shall publicly announce the results of the Change of Control Offer on or as soon as practicable after the Change of Control Purchase Date.
(e) This Section 4.05 will be applicable whether or not any other provisions of this Indenture are applicable.
(f) If the Change of Control Purchase Date is on or after an interest Record Date and on or before the related Interest Payment Date, any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall be paid to the Person in whose name a Note is registered at the close of business on such Record Date, and no additional interest shall be payable to Holders who tender pursuant to the Change of Control Offer.
(g) The Company will not be required to make a Change of Control Offer upon a Change of Control Triggering Event if (1) a third party makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in this Indenture applicable to a Change of Control Offer made by the Company and purchases all Notes properly tendered and not withdrawn under the Change of Control Offer or (2) a notice of redemption has been given pursuant to the provisions of Section 6 of the Notes, unless and until there is a default in payment of the applicable redemption price. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, a Change of Control Offer may be made in advance of a Change of Control, conditioned upon the consummation of such Change of Control, if a definitive agreement is in place for the Change of Control at the time the Change of Control Offer is made.
(h) The Company shall comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the U.S. Exchange Act, and any other securities laws and regulations (and rules of any exchange on which the Notes are then listed) to the extent those laws, regulations or rules are applicable in connection with the repurchase of the Notes pursuant to a Change of Control Offer. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations or exchange rules conflict with the Change of Control provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall comply with the applicable securities laws, regulations and rules and will not be deemed to have breached its obligations under this Indenture by virtue of such compliance.
(i) If and for so long as the Notes are listed on The Official List of The International Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”) and if and to the extent that the rules of The International Stock Exchange Authority Limited so require, the Issuer will notify the Exchange of any Change of Control Offer for the Notes.
SECTION 4.06 Additional Amounts.
(a) All payments made by or on behalf of the Issuer or any of the Guarantors (including, in each case, any successor entity) under or with respect to the Notes or any Note Guarantee shall be made free and clear of and without withholding or deduction for, or on account of, any present or future Taxes unless the withholding or deduction of such Taxes is then required by law. If the Issuer, any Guarantor or any other applicable withholding agent is required by law to withhold or deduct any amount for, or on account of, any Taxes imposed or
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levied by or on behalf of (1) any jurisdiction (other than the United States) in which the Issuer or any Guarantor is or was incorporated, engaged in business, organized or resident for tax purposes or any political subdivision thereof or therein or (2) any jurisdiction from or through which any payment is made by or on behalf of the Issuer or any Guarantor (including, without limitation, the jurisdiction of any Paying Agent) or any political subdivision thereof or therein (each of (1) and (2), a “Tax Jurisdiction”) in respect of any payments under or with respect to the Notes or any Note Guarantee, including, without limitation, payments of principal, redemption price, purchase price, interest or premium, the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor, as applicable, shall pay such additional amounts (the “Additional Amounts”) as may be necessary in order that the net amounts received and retained in respect of such payments by each beneficial owner of Notes after such withholding or deduction will equal the respective amounts that would have been received and retained in respect of such payments in the absence of such withholding or deduction; provided, however, that no Additional Amounts shall be payable with respect to:
(1) any Taxes, to the extent such Taxes would not have been imposed but for the holder or the beneficial owner of the Notes (or a fiduciary, settlor, beneficiary, partner of, member or shareholder of, or possessor of a power over, the relevant holder, if the relevant holder is an estate, trust, nominee, partnership, limited liability company or corporation) being or having been a citizen or resident or national of, or incorporated, engaged in a trade or business in, being or having been physically present in or having a permanent establishment in, the relevant Tax Jurisdiction or having or having had any other present or former connection with the relevant Tax Jurisdiction, other than any connection arising solely from the acquisition, ownership or disposition of Notes, the exercise or enforcement of rights under such Note, this Indenture or a Note Guarantee, or the receipt of payments in respect of such Note or a Note Guarantee;
(2) any Taxes, to the extent such Taxes were imposed as a result of the presentation of a Note for payment (where presentation is required) more than 30 days after the relevant payment is first made available for payment to the holder (except to the extent that the holder would have been entitled to Additional Amounts had the Note been presented on the last day of such 30 day period);
(3) any estate, inheritance, gift, sale, transfer, personal property or similar Taxes;
(4) any Taxes payable other than by deduction or withholding from payments under, or with respect to, the Notes or any Note Guarantee;
(5) any Taxes to the extent such Taxes would not have been imposed or withheld but for the failure of the holder or beneficial owner of the Notes, following the Issuer’s reasonable written request addressed to the holder at least 60 days before any such withholding or deduction would be imposed, to comply with any certification, identification, information or other reporting requirements, whether required by statute, treaty, regulation or administrative practice of a Tax Jurisdiction, as a precondition to exemption from, or reduction in the rate of deduction or withholding of, Taxes imposed by the Tax Jurisdiction (including, without limitation, a certification that the holder or beneficial owner is not resident in the Tax
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Jurisdiction), but in each case, only to the extent the holder or beneficial owner is legally eligible to provide such certification or documentation;
(6) any Taxes imposed in connection with a Note presented for payment (where presentation is permitted or required for payment) by or on behalf of a holder or beneficial owner of the Notes to the extent such Taxes could have been avoided by presenting the relevant Note to, or otherwise accepting payment from, another Paying Agent;
(7) any Taxes imposed on or with respect to any payment by the Issuer or any of the Guarantors to the holder of the Notes if such holder is a fiduciary or partnership or any person other than the sole beneficial owner of such payment to the extent that such Taxes would not have been imposed on such payments had such holder been the sole beneficial owner of such Note;
(8) any Taxes that are imposed pursuant to current Section 1471 through 1474 of the Code or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with, any regulations promulgated thereunder, any official interpretations thereof, any intergovernmental agreement between a non-U.S. jurisdiction and the United States (or any related law or administrative practices or procedures) implementing the foregoing or any agreements entered into pursuant to current Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code (or any amended or successor version described above); or
(9) any combination of clauses (1) through (8) above.
In addition to the foregoing, the Issuer and the Guarantors shall also pay and indemnify the holder for any present or future stamp, issue, registration, value added, transfer, court or documentary Taxes, or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies (including penalties, interest and additions to tax related thereto) which are levied by any jurisdiction on the execution, delivery, issuance, or registration of any of the Notes, this Indenture, any Note Guarantee or any other document referred to therein, or the receipt of any payments with respect thereto, or enforcement of, any of the Notes or any Note Guarantee (limited, solely in the case of Taxes attributable to the receipt of any payments, to any such Taxes imposed in a Tax Jurisdiction that are not excluded under clauses (1) through (3) or (5) through (9) above or any combination thereof).
(b) If the Issuer or any Guarantor, as the case may be, becomes aware that it will be obligated to pay Additional Amounts with respect to any payment under or with respect to the Notes or any Note Guarantee, the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor, as the case may be, shall deliver to the Trustee on a date that is at least 30 days prior to the date of that payment (unless the obligation to pay Additional Amounts arises after the 30th day prior to that payment date, in which case the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor shall notify the Trustee promptly thereafter) an Officer’s Certificate stating the fact that Additional Amounts will be payable and the amount estimated to be so payable. The Officer’s Certificate must also set forth any other information reasonably necessary to enable the Paying Agents to pay Additional Amounts to Holders on the relevant payment date. The Issuer or the relevant Guarantor will provide the Trustee with documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee evidencing the payment of
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Additional Amounts. The Trustee shall be entitled to rely absolutely on an Officer’s Certificate as conclusive proof that such payments are necessary.
(c) The Issuer or the relevant Guarantor, if it is the applicable withholding agent, shall make all withholdings and deductions (within the time period) required by law and shall remit the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Tax authority in accordance with applicable law. The Issuer or the relevant Guarantor shall use its reasonable efforts to obtain Tax receipts from each Tax authority evidencing the payment of any Taxes so deducted or withheld. The Issuer or the relevant Guarantor shall furnish to the Trustee (or to a Holder upon request), within 60 days after the date the payment of any Taxes so deducted or withheld is made, certified copies of Tax receipts evidencing payment by the Issuer or a Guarantor, as the case may be, or if, notwithstanding such entity’s efforts to obtain receipts, receipts are not obtained, other evidence of payments (reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee) by such entity.
(d) Whenever in this Indenture or the Notes there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of amounts based upon the principal amount of the Notes or of principal, interest or of any other amount payable under, or with respect to, any of the Notes or any Note Guarantee, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof.
(e) This Section 4.06 shall survive any termination, defeasance or discharge of this Indenture, any transfer by a holder or beneficial owner of its Notes, and will apply, mutatis mutandis, to any jurisdiction in which any successor Person to the Issuer (or any Guarantor) is incorporated, engaged in business, organized or resident for tax purposes, or any jurisdiction from or through which payment is made under or with respect to the Notes (or any Note Guarantee) by or on behalf of such Person and, in each case, any political subdivision thereof or therein.
SECTION 4.07 Additional Guarantors.
(a) If, after the Issue Date, a Subsidiary of the Issuer or Carnival plc (other than any Subsidiary Guarantor) becomes an issuer, borrower, obligor or guarantor with respect to (i) the Existing First-Priority Secured Notes or (ii) any other indebtedness for money borrowed of the Issuer, Carnival plc or any Subsidiary Guarantor of the Notes having, in each case, an aggregate principal amount in excess of $250.0 million, then the Issuer shall cause such Subsidiary to become a Guarantor by causing such Subsidiary to execute a Supplemental Indenture and to deliver it to the Trustee within 20 Business Days of the date on which it becomes an issuer, borrower, obligor or guarantor under the Existing First-Priority Secured Notes or such other indebtedness; provided that the Issuer shall not be required to cause a Subsidiary to become a Guarantor if such Subsidiary would not be required to provide a guarantee under the Issuer’s, Carnival plc’s or any Subsidiary Guarantor’s Capital Markets Indebtedness. The Issuer shall cause any such Subsidiary to provide such information to the Trustee as is reasonably requested by the Trustee in order to complete the Trustee’s know-your-customer review process to its reasonable satisfaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Cruiseport Curaçao C.V. shall not be required to become a Guarantor pursuant to this Section 4.07 if at such
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time Cruiseport Curaçao C.V. would be deemed an Immaterial Subsidiary under (and as defined in) the Existing Revolving Facility. In addition, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Issuer shall not be obligated to cause a Subsidiary to guarantee the Notes to the extent that such Guarantee by such Subsidiary would reasonably be expected to give rise to or result in (x) any liability for the officers, directors or shareholders of such Subsidiary, (y) any violation of applicable law that cannot be prevented or otherwise avoided through measures reasonably available to the Issuer or such Subsidiary or (z) any significant cost, expense, liability or obligation (including with respect to any taxes) other than reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and other than reasonable expenses incurred in connection with any governmental or regulatory filings required as a result of, or any measures pursuant to clause (y) undertaken in connection with, such Guarantee which cannot be avoided through measures reasonably available to the Issuer or such Subsidiary. For the avoidance of doubt, the Trustee shall have no duty or obligation whatsoever to determine whether or not any such Subsidiary is required to become a Guarantor.
(b) If on any date following the Issue Date, (i) the Issuer (or, if the Issuer is not rated, Carnival plc) has received corporate or issuer credit ratings (or the equivalent) that are Investment Grade Ratings from at least two of the Rating Agencies, and (ii) no Default has occurred and is continuing (the occurrence of the events described in the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii) being collectively referred to as a “Guarantee Fall-Away Event”), Section 4.07(a) shall have no further force and effect, and each Note Guarantee of a Subsidiary Guarantor shall be released, regardless of whether the conditions set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) of the definition of Guarantee Fall-Away Event continue to be satisfied.
SECTION 4.08 Reports to Holders.
(a) The Company shall file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is required to file the same with the Commission (after giving effect to any grace period provided by Rule 12b-25 or any successor rule under the U.S. Exchange Act or any special order of the Commission), copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as said Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with said Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the U.S. Exchange Act. Documents or reports filed by the Company with the Commission via the EDGAR system (or any successor thereto) will be deemed to be provided to the Trustee as of the time such documents are filed via EDGAR (or such successor). If a direct or indirect parent of the Issuer or Carnival plc files with or furnishes to the Commission documents or reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the U.S. Exchange Act, then such filings shall be deemed to satisfy the reporting requirements of this Section 4.08(a); provided, that such direct or indirect parent also Guarantees the Notes.
(b) For so long as any Notes remain outstanding during any period when the Company or any parent company described in Section 4.08(a), as applicable, is not subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the U.S. Exchange Act, or otherwise permitted to furnish the Commission with certain information pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) of the U.S. Exchange Act, the Company will furnish to the Holders and to prospective investors, upon their request, the information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the U.S. Securities Act.
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SECTION 4.09 Use of Proceeds. The Issuer shall not, directly or indirectly, use, place, invest or give economic use to the proceeds from the Notes in the Republic of Panama.
ARTICLE FIVE
MERGER, CONSOLIDATION OR SALE OF ASSETS
MERGER, CONSOLIDATION OR SALE OF ASSETS
SECTION 5.01 Consolidations and Mergers of Issuer and Carnival plc Permitted Subject to Certain Conditions. Neither the Issuer nor Carnival plc shall, directly or indirectly, consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to another Person, unless:
(i) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default, and no event which after notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing;
(ii) (A) in case the Issuer shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to another Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Issuer is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Issuer substantially as an entirety, in each case, if other than the Issuer, shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Notes and the performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Issuer to be performed or observed; or (B) in case Carnival plc shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to another Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which Carnival plc is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, all or substantially all of the properties and assets of Carnival plc substantially as an entirety shall (I) be the Issuer or Carnival plc or (II) expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, the performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of Carnival plc to be performed or observed; and
(iii) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each in the form required by Section 12.02 and stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and such supplemental indenture complies with the foregoing provisions relating to such transaction.
Clause (i) of this Section 5.01 shall not apply to any conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of the Issuer’s or Carnival plc’s (as applicable) properties and assets substantially as an entirety to, or merger or consolidation of the Issuer or Carnival plc (as applicable) with or into, a Guarantor.
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SECTION 5.02 Successor Substituted. Upon any consolidation or merger of the Issuer or Carnival plc, or any conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets substantially as an entirety, in accordance with Section 5.01 of this Indenture, any surviving entity formed by such consolidation or into which the Issuer or Carnival plc, as applicable, is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made, shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such surviving entity had been named as the Company herein; provided that the Company shall not be released from its obligation to pay the principal of, premium, if any, or interest and Additional Amounts, if any, on the Notes in the case of a lease of all or substantially all of its property and assets.
ARTICLE SIX
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
SECTION 6.01 Events of Default.
(a) Each of the following shall be an “Event of Default”:
(i) default for 30 days in the payment when due of interest or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to the Notes;
(ii) default in the payment when due (at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise) of the principal of, or premium, if any, on, the Notes;
(iii) failure by the Issuer or relevant Guarantor for 60 days after written notice to the Issuer by the Trustee or the Holders of at least 30% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding to comply with any of the agreements in this Indenture (other than a default in performance, or breach, or a covenant or agreement which is specifically dealt with in clause (i) or (ii) above);
(iv) default under any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced any indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any Guarantor (or the payment of which is guaranteed by the Company or any Guarantor), other than indebtedness owed to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, whether such indebtedness or Guarantee now exists, or is created after the Issue Date, if that default:
(1) is caused by a failure to pay principal of such indebtedness prior to the expiration of the grace period provided in such indebtedness on the date of such default; or
(2) results in the acceleration of such indebtedness prior to its express maturity,
and, in each case, the principal amount of any such indebtedness that is due and has not been paid, together with the principal amount of any other such indebtedness that is due
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and has not been paid or the maturity of which has been so accelerated, equals or exceeds $120.0 million in aggregate;
(v) except as permitted by this Indenture (including with respect to any limitations), any Note Guarantee of a Subsidiary Guarantor that is a Significant Subsidiary, or any group of Subsidiary Guarantors that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, is held in any judicial proceeding to be unenforceable or invalid or ceases for any reason to be in full force and effect, or any Subsidiary Guarantor which is a Significant Subsidiary, or any group of Subsidiary Guarantors that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, or any Person acting on behalf of any such Guarantors, denies or disaffirms its obligations under its Note Guarantee and such Default continues for 30 days; or
(vi) (A) a court having jurisdiction over the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor that is a Significant Subsidiary enters (x) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor that is a Significant Subsidiary or any group of Subsidiary Guarantors that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary in an involuntary case or proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law or (y) a decree or order adjudging the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor that is a Significant Subsidiary, or any group of Subsidiary Guarantors that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary, as bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company or any such Subsidiary Guarantor or group of Subsidiary Guarantors under any Bankruptcy Law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or any such Subsidiary Guarantor or group of Subsidiary Guarantors or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days or (B) the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor that is a Significant Subsidiary or any group of Subsidiary Guarantors that, taken together, would constitute a Significant Subsidiary (i) commences a voluntary case under any Bankruptcy Law or consents to the entry of an order for relief in an involuntary case under any Bankruptcy Law, (ii) consents to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator or similar official of the Company or any such Subsidiary Guarantor or group of Subsidiary Guarantors or for all or substantially all the property and assets of the Company or any such Subsidiary Guarantor or group of Subsidiary Guarantors, (iii) effects any general assignment for the benefit of creditors or (iv) generally is not paying its debts as they become due.
(b) If a Default or an Event of Default occurs and is continuing and is known to a Trust Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall deliver to each Holder notice of the Default or Event of Default within 15 Business Days after its occurrence by registered or certified mail or facsimile transmission of an Officer’s Certificate specifying such event, notice or other action, its status and what action the Issuer is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto. Except in the case of a Default or an Event of Default in payment of principal of, premium, if any, and
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Additional Amounts or interest on any Notes, the Trustee may withhold the notice to the Holders of such Notes if a committee of its Trust Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders. The Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of a Default unless a Trust Officer has actual knowledge of such Default. The Issuer shall also notify the Trustee within 15 Business Days of the occurrence of any Default stating what action, if any, it is taking with respect to that Default.
(c) If any report required by Section 4.08 is provided after the deadlines indicated for such report, the later provision of the applicable report shall cure a Default caused by the failure to provide such report prior to the deadlines indicated, so long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing as a result of such failure.
SECTION 6.02 Acceleration.
(a) If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(a)(vi) with respect to the Company) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may, or the Holders of at least 30% in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes by written notice to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if such notice is given by the Holders) may and the Trustee shall, if so directed by the Holders of at least 30% in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes, declare all the Notes to be due and payable immediately. In the event of a declaration of acceleration of the Notes because an Event of Default described in Section 6.01(a)(iv) has occurred and is continuing, the declaration of acceleration of the Notes shall be automatically annulled if the event of default or payment default triggering such Event of Default pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(iv) shall be remedied or cured, or waived by the Holders of the relevant indebtedness, or the indebtedness that gave rise to such Event of Default shall have been discharged in full, within 30 days after the declaration of acceleration with respect thereto and if the annulment of the acceleration of the Notes would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction.
(b) In the case of an Event of Default arising under Section 6.01(a)(vi), with respect to the Company, all outstanding Notes will become due and payable immediately without further action or notice.
(c) Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee or in its exercise of any trust or power conferred on it. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with applicable law or this Indenture, that the Trustee determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of other holders of the Notes (it being understood that the Trustee does not have an affirmative duty to ascertain whether or not any such directions are unduly prejudicial to such Holders) or that may involve the Trustee in personal liability. The Trustee may withhold from Holders of the Notes notice of any continuing Default or Event of Default if it determines that withholding notice is in their interest, except a Default or Event of Default relating to the payment of principal, interest or Additional Amounts or premium, if any.
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(d) Subject to the provisions of Article Seven, in case an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under this Indenture at the request or direction of any Holders unless such Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense.
(e) Within 30 days of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default, the Issuer is required to deliver to the Trustee a statement specifying such Default or Event of Default.
SECTION 6.03 Other Remedies. If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.
All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Notes may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Notes or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.
SECTION 6.04 Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes may, by written notice to the Trustee, on behalf of the Holders of all outstanding Notes, rescind acceleration or waive any existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences hereunder, except a continuing Default or Event of Default:
(a) in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, Additional Amounts, if any, or interest on any Note held by a non-consenting Holder (which may only be waived with the consent of each Holder of Notes affected); or
(b) for any Note held by a non-consenting Holder, in respect of a covenant or provision which under Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holders of each Note affected by such modification or amendment.
Upon any such rescission or waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose under this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
SECTION 6.05 Control by Majority. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any
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remedy available to the Trustee or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee under this Indenture; provided that:
(a) the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law, this Indenture or that the Trustee determines, without obligation, in good faith may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of Holders not joining in the giving of such direction;
(b) the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that the Trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders or would involve the Trustee in personal liability; and
(c) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee that is not inconsistent with such direction.
SECTION 6.06 Limitation on Suits. A Holder may not institute any proceedings or pursue any remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Notes unless:
(a) such Holder has previously given the Trustee written notice that an Event of Default is continuing;
(b) the Holders of at least 30% in aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes shall have made a written request to the Trustee to pursue such remedy;
(c) such Holder or Holders shall have offered, and if requested, provided to the Trustee security and/or indemnity (including by way of pre-funding) reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against any costs, liability or expense;
(d) the Trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after the receipt of the request and the offer of indemnity and/or security (including by way of pre-funding); and
(e) during such 60-day period, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes have not given the Trustee a direction that is inconsistent with the request within such 60-day period.
The limitations in the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.06, however, do not apply to a suit instituted by a Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, Additional Amounts, if any, or interest, if any, on such Note on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Note.
A Holder may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of any other Holder or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder.
SECTION 6.07 Unconditional Right of Holders to Bring Suit for Payment. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder to bring suit for the enforcement of payment of principal, premium, if any, Additional Amounts, if any, and interest, if any, on the Notes held by such Holder, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Notes shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.
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SECTION 6.08 Collection Suit by Trustee. The Issuer covenants that if default is made in the payment of:
(a) any installment of interest on any Note when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or
(b) the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Note at the Stated Maturity thereof,
the Issuer shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of such Notes, the whole amount then due and payable on such Notes for principal (and premium, if any), Additional Amounts, if any, and interest, and interest on any overdue principal (and premium, if any) and Additional Amounts, if any, and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, upon any overdue installment of interest, at the rate borne by the Notes, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the amounts provided for in Section 7.05 and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.
If the Issuer fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Notes and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Notes, wherever situated.
SECTION 6.09 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. The Trustee may file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the properly incurred compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.05) and the Holders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to any of the Issuer or Guarantors, their creditors or their property and, unless prohibited by law or applicable regulations, may vote on behalf of the Holders at their direction in any election of a trustee in bankruptcy or other Person performing similar functions, and any Custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the properly incurred compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and its counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.05. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due to the Trustee under Section 7.05 hereof out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a Security Interest on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties which the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise.
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Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to empower the Trustee to authorize or consent to, or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder, any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Notes or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.
SECTION 6.10 Application of Money Collected. If the Trustee collects any money or property pursuant to this Article Six, it shall pay out the money or property in the following order:
FIRST: to the Trustee and any Agent for amounts due under Section 7.05;
SECOND: to Holders for amounts due and unpaid on the Notes for principal of, premium, if any, interest, if any, and Additional Amounts, if any, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Notes for principal, premium, if any, interest, if any, and Additional Amounts, if any, respectively; and
THIRD: to the Issuer, any Guarantor or any other obligors of the Notes, as their interests may appear, or as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct.
The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders pursuant to this Section 6.10. At least 30 days before such record date, the Issuer shall deliver to each Holder and the Trustee a notice that states the record date, the payment date and amount to be paid.
SECTION 6.11 Undertaking for Costs. A court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section 6.11 does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by Holders of more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes or to any suit by any Holder pursuant to Section 6.07.
SECTION 6.12 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Issuer, any Guarantor, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.
SECTION 6.13 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes in Section 2.07, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is
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intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
SECTION 6.14 Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Note to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article Six or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.
SECTION 6.15 Record Date. The Issuer may set a record date for purposes of determining the identity of Holders entitled to vote or to consent to any action by vote or consent authorized or permitted by Sections 6.04 and 6.05. Unless this Indenture provides otherwise, such record date shall be the later of 30 days prior to the first solicitation of such consent or the date of the most recent list of Holders furnished to the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.05 prior to such solicitation.
SECTION 6.16 Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws. The Issuer covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Issuer (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it shall not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.
ARTICLE SEVEN
TRUSTEE
TRUSTEE
SECTION 7.01 Duties of Trustee.
(a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing of which a Trust Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.
(b) Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01(a), (i) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and (ii) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. In the
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case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine same to determine whether they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).
(c) [Reserved]
(d) The Trustee shall not be relieved from liability for its own grossly negligent action, its own grossly negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:
(i) this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section 7.01;
(ii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Trust Officer of the Trustee unless it is proved that the Trustee was grossly negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and
(iii) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.02 or 6.05.
(e) The Trustee and any Paying Agent shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee and any Paying Agent may agree in writing with the Issuer or the Subsidiary Guarantors. Money held by the Trustee or the Principal Paying Agent need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law and, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not be held in accordance with the UK client money rules.
(f) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee or each Agent or the Principal Paying Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have grounds to believe that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not assured to it.
(g) Any provisions hereof relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee or each Agent, as the case may be, shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 7.01.
SECTION 7.02 Certain Rights of Trustee.
(a) Subject to Section 7.01:
(i) following the occurrence of a Default or an Event of Default, the Trustee is entitled to require all Agents to act under its direction;
(ii) the Trustee may rely conclusively, and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting, upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
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report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person;
(iii) before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both, which shall conform to Section 12.02. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such certificate or opinion and such certificate or opinion will be equal to complete authorization;
(iv) the Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any attorney or agent appointed with due care by them hereunder;
(v) the Trustee shall not be under any obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee indemnity (including by way of pre-funding) satisfactory to them against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by them in compliance with such request or direction;
(vi) unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Issuer will be sufficient if signed by an officer of such Issuer;
(vii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers;
(viii) whenever, in the administration of this Indenture, the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officer’s Certificate;
(ix) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Issuer personally or by agent or attorney;
(x) the Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety with respect to the performance of its duties or the exercise of its powers under this Indenture;
(xi) in the event the Trustee receives inconsistent or conflicting requests and indemnity from two or more groups of Holders, each representing less than a
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majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee, in its discretion, may determine what action, if any, will be taken and shall incur no liability for their failure to act until such inconsistency or conflict is, in their reasonable opinion, resolved;
(xii) the permissive rights of the Trustee to take the actions permitted by this Indenture will not be construed as an obligation or duty to do so;
(xiii) delivery of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under Section 4.08 is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing will not constitute actual or constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Issuer’s or any of the Guarantors’ compliance with any of their covenants hereunder or under the Notes (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates). The Trustee shall not be obligated to determine whether any reports or other documents have been filed with the Commission or via the EDGAR system (or any successor thereto) or posted on any website, or to participate in any conference calls;
(xiv) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee in this Indenture, including, without limitation, its rights to be indemnified and compensated, are extended to, and will be enforceable by, the Trustee in its capacity hereunder, by the Registrar, the Agents, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder;
(xv) the Trustee may consult with counsel or other professional advisors and the advice of such counsel or professional advisor or any Opinion of Counsel will, subject to Section 7.01(c), be full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;
(xvi) the Trustee shall have no duty to inquire as to the performance of the covenants of the Issuer and/or the Guarantors in Article Four hereof;
(xvii) the Trustee shall not have any obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance, and shall not be responsible or liable for compliance with restrictions on transfer, exchange, redemption, purchase or repurchase, as applicable, of minimum denominations imposed under this Indenture or under applicable law or regulation with respect to any transfer, exchange, redemption, purchase or repurchase, as applicable, of any interest in any Notes, but may at its sole discretion, choose to do so;
(xviii) in no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of, or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, public health emergencies, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable
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efforts that are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances; and
(xix) the Trustee shall not under any circumstance be liable for any indirect or consequential loss, special or punitive damages (including loss of business, goodwill or reputation, opportunity or profit of any kind) of the Issuer or any Guarantor even if advised of it in advance and even if foreseeable.
(b) The Trustee may request that the Issuer deliver an Officer’s Certificate setting forth the names of the individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which Officer’s Certificate may be signed by any person authorized to sign an Officer’s Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded.
(c) [Reserved].
(d) [Reserved].
(e) [Reserved].
(f) [Reserved].
(g) The Trustee is not required to give any bond or surety with respect to the performance of its duties or the exercise of its powers under this Indenture or the Notes.
(h) The Trustee will not be liable to any person if prevented or delayed in performing any of its obligations or discretionary functions under this Indenture by reason of any present or future law applicable to it, by any governmental or regulatory authority or by any circumstances beyond its control.
(i) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to do anything which, in its opinion, may be illegal or contrary to applicable law or regulation.
(j) The Trustee may refrain from taking any action in any jurisdiction if the taking of such action in that jurisdiction would, in its opinion, based upon legal advice in the relevant jurisdiction, be contrary to any law of that jurisdiction or, to the extent applicable, the State of New York and may without liability (other than in respect of actions constituting willful misconduct or gross negligence) do anything which is, in its opinion, necessary to comply with any such law, directive or regulation.
(k) The Trustee may assume without inquiry in the absence of actual knowledge that the Issuer is duly complying with its obligations contained in this Indenture required to be performed and observed by it, and that no Default or Event of Default or other event which would require repayment of the Notes has occurred.
(l) [Reserved]
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(m) In addition to the foregoing, the Trustee agrees to accept and act upon notice, instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture sent by unsecured e-mail, pdf, facsimile transmission or other similar unsecured electronic methods, provided that any communication sent to the Trustee hereunder must be in the form of a document that is signed manually or by way of a digital signature provided by DocuSign (or such other digital signature provider as specified in writing to Trustee by the authorized representative). If the party elects to give the Trustee e-mail or facsimile instructions (or instructions by a similar electronic method) and the Trustee, in its discretion, elects to act upon such instructions, the Trustee’s understanding of such instructions shall be deemed controlling. The Trustee shall not be liable for any losses, costs or expenses arising directly or indirectly from the Trustee’s reliance upon and compliance with such instructions notwithstanding such instructions conflict or are inconsistent with a subsequent written instruction. The party providing electronic instructions agrees to assume all risks arising out of the use of such electronic methods to submit instructions and directions to the Trustee including without limitation the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk or interception and misuse by third parties.
SECTION 7.03 Individual Rights of Trustee. The Trustee, any Transfer Agent, any Paying Agent, any Registrar or any other agent of the Issuer or of the Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Notes and, may otherwise deal with the Issuer with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Paying Agent, Transfer Agent, Registrar or such other agent. The Trustee may accept deposits from, lend money to, and generally engage in any kind of banking, trust or other business with the Issuer or any of its Affiliates or Subsidiaries as if it were not performing the duties specified herein, and may accept fees and other consideration from the Issuer for services in connection with this Indenture and otherwise without having to account for the same to the Trustee or to the Holders from time to time.
SECTION 7.04 Disclaimer of Trustee . The recitals contained herein and in the Notes, except for the Trustee’s certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Issuer, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or the Notes. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the Issuer’s use of the proceeds from the Notes or any money paid to the Issuer or upon the Issuer’s direction under any provision of this Indenture nor shall it be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee and it will not be responsible for any statement or recital herein or any statement on the Notes or any other document in connection with the sale of the Notes or pursuant to this Indenture other than the Trustee’s certificate of authentication.
SECTION 7.05 Compensation and Indemnity. The Issuer and the Guarantors, jointly and severally, shall pay to the Trustee such compensation as shall be agreed in writing for its services hereunder. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Issuer and the Guarantors, jointly and severally, shall reimburse the Trustee promptly upon request for all properly incurred disbursements, advances or expenses incurred or made by them, including costs of collection, in addition to the
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compensation for their services. Such expenses shall include the properly incurred compensation, disbursements, charges, advances and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.
The Issuer and the Guarantors, jointly and severally, shall indemnify the Trustee against any and all loss, liability or expense (including attorneys’ fees and expenses) incurred by either of them without willful misconduct or gross negligence on their part arising out of or in connection with the administration of this trust and the performance of their duties hereunder (including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture against the Issuer and the Guarantors (including this Section 7.05) and defending themselves against any claim, whether asserted by the Issuer, the Guarantors, any Holder or any other Person, or liability in connection with the execution and performance of any of their powers and duties hereunder). The Trustee shall notify the Issuer promptly of any claim for which they may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Issuer shall not relieve the Issuer or any Guarantor of its obligations hereunder. The Issuer shall, at the sole discretion of the Trustee, defend the claim and the Trustee may cooperate and may participate at the Issuer’s expense in such defense. Alternatively, the Trustee may at its option have separate counsel of their own choosing and the Issuer shall pay the properly incurred fees and expenses of such counsel. The Issuer need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent may not be unreasonably withheld. The Issuer shall not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss, liability or expense incurred by the Trustee through the Trustee’s own willful misconduct or gross negligence.
To secure the Issuer’s payment obligations in this Section 7.05, the Trustee shall have a Security Interest prior to the Notes on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee in their capacity as Trustee, except money or property held in trust to pay principal of, premium, if any, additional amounts, if any, and interest on particular Notes. Such Security Interest shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of all Notes under this Indenture.
When the Trustee incurs expenses after the occurrence of a Default specified in Section 6.01(a)(vi) with respect to the Issuer, the Guarantors, or any Subsidiary Guarantor that is a Significant Subsidiary, the expenses are intended to constitute expenses of administration under Bankruptcy Law.
The Issuer’s obligations under this Section 7.05 and any claim or Security Interest arising hereunder shall survive the resignation or removal of any Trustee, the satisfaction and discharge of the Issuer’s obligations pursuant to Article Eight and any rejection or termination under any Bankruptcy Law, and the termination of this Indenture.
SECTION 7.06 Replacement of Trustee. A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section 7.06.
The Trustee may resign at any time without giving any reason by so notifying the Issuer. The Holders of a majority in outstanding principal amount of the outstanding Notes may remove the Trustee by so notifying the Trustee and the Issuer. The Issuer shall remove the Trustee if:
(a) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.09;
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(b) the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent;
(c) a receiver or other public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or
(d) the Trustee otherwise becomes incapable of acting.
If the Trustee resigns or is removed, or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Issuer shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Issuer. If the successor Trustee does not deliver its written acceptance required by the next succeeding paragraph of this Section 7.06 within 30 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Issuer or the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes may, at the expense of the Issuer, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.
A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Issuer. Thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this Indenture. The successor Trustee shall deliver a notice of its succession to Holders. The retiring Trustee shall, at the expense of the Issuer, promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee; provided that all sums owing to the Trustee hereunder have been paid pursuant to Section 7.05.
If a successor Trustee does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Issuer or the Holders of at least 30% in outstanding principal amount of the Notes may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee at the expense of the Issuer. Without prejudice to the right of the Issuer to appoint a successor Trustee in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture, the retiring Trustee may appoint a successor Trustee at any time prior to the date on which a successor Trustee takes office.
If the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.09, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Note for at least six months may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee.
Notwithstanding the replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.06, the Issuer’s and the Guarantors’ obligations under Section 7.05 shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee.
SECTION 7.07 Successor Trustee by Merger. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder; provided such corporation shall be otherwise
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qualified and eligible under this Article Seven, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Notes shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Notes so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Notes. In case at that time any of the Notes shall not have been authenticated, any successor Trustee may authenticate such Notes either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor Trustee. In all such cases such certificates shall have the full force and effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of the Trustee shall have; provided that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee or to authenticate Notes in the name of any predecessor Trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation.
SECTION 7.08 [Reserved]
SECTION 7.09 Eligibility; Disqualification. There will at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of England and Wales or the United States of America or of any state thereof that is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trustee power and which is generally recognized as a corporation which customarily performs such corporate trustee roles and provides such corporate trustee services in transactions similar in nature to the offering of the Notes as described in the Offering Memorandum. The Trustee shall have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. If the Trustee acquires any “conflicting interest” (as defined in 310(b) of the TIA) it must comply with the applicable provisions of Section 310 of the TIA in respect of such conflicting interest. The Trustee is subject to Section 311(a) of the TIA, excluding any creditor relationship listed in Section 311(b) of the TIA.
SECTION 7.10 Appointment of Co-Trustee.
(a) It is the purpose of this Indenture that there shall be no violation of any law of any jurisdiction denying or restricting the right of banking corporations or associations to transact business as trustee in such jurisdiction. It is recognized that in case of litigation under this Indenture, and in particular in case of the enforcement thereof on Default, or in the case the Trustee deems that by reason of any present or future law of any jurisdiction it may not exercise any of the powers, rights or remedies herein granted to the Trustee or hold title to the properties, in trust, as herein granted or take any action which may be desirable or necessary in connection therewith, it may be necessary that the Trustee appoint an individual or institution as a separate or co-trustee. The following provisions of this Section 7.10 are adopted to these ends.
(b) In the event that the Trustee appoints an additional individual or institution as a separate or co-trustee, each and every remedy, power, right, claim, demand, cause of action, immunity, estate, title, interest and Security Interest expressed or intended by this Indenture to be exercised by or vested in or conveyed to the Trustee with respect thereto shall be exercisable by and vest in such separate or co-trustee but only to the extent necessary to enable such separate or co-trustee to exercise such powers, rights and remedies, and only to the extent that the Trustee by
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the laws of any jurisdiction is incapable of exercising such powers, rights and remedies, and every covenant and obligation necessary to the exercise thereof by such separate or co-trustee shall run to and be enforceable by either of them.
(c) Should any instrument in writing from the Issuer be required by the separate or co-trustee so appointed by the Trustee for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to him or it such properties, rights, powers, trusts, duties and obligations, any and all such instruments in writing shall to the extent permitted by the laws of the State of New York and the jurisdiction of organization of the Issuer, on request, be executed, acknowledged and delivered by the Issuer; provided that if an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, if the Issuer does not execute any such instrument within 15 days after request therefor, the Trustee shall be empowered as an attorney-in-fact for the Issuer to execute any such instrument in the Issuer’s name and stead. In case any separate or co-trustee or a successor to either shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or be removed, all the estates, properties, rights, powers, trusts, duties and obligations of such separate or co-trustee, so far as permitted by law, shall vest in and be exercised by the Trustee until the appointment of a new trustee or successor to such separate or co-trustee.
(d) Each separate trustee and co-trustee shall, to the extent permitted by law, be appointed and act subject to the following provisions and conditions:
(i) all rights and powers, conferred or imposed upon the Trustee shall be conferred or imposed upon and may be exercised or performed by such separate trustee or co-trustee; and
(ii) no trustee hereunder shall be liable by reason of any act or omission of any other trustee hereunder.
(e) Any notice, request or other writing given to the Trustee shall be deemed to have been given to each of the then separate trustees and co-trustees, as effectively as if given to each of them. Every instrument appointing any separate trustee or co-trustee shall refer to this Indenture and the conditions of this Article Seven.
(f) Any separate trustee or co-trustee may at any time appoint the Trustee as its agent or attorney-in-fact with full power and authority, to the extent not prohibited by law, to do any lawful act under or in respect of this Indenture on its behalf and in its name. If any separate trustee or co-trustee shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or be removed, all of its estates, properties, rights, remedies and trusts shall vest in and be exercised by the Trustee, to the extent permitted by law, without the appointment of a new or successors trustee.
SECTION 7.11 Resignation of Agents.
(a) Any Agent may resign its appointment hereunder at any time without the need to give any reason and without being responsible for any costs associated therewith by giving to the Issuer and the Trustee and (except in the case of resignation of the Principal Paying Agent) the Principal Paying Agent 30 days’ written notice to that effect (waivable by the Issuer
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and the Trustee); provided that in the case of resignation of the Principal Paying Agent no such resignation shall take effect until a new Principal Paying Agent (approved in advance in writing by the Trustee) shall have been appointed by the Issuer to exercise the powers and undertake the duties hereby conferred and imposed upon the Principal Paying Agent. Following receipt of a notice of resignation from any Agent, the Issuer shall promptly give notice thereof to the Holders in accordance with Section 12.01. Such notice shall expire at least 30 days before or after any due date for payment in respect of the Notes.
(b) If any Agent gives notice of its resignation in accordance with this Section 7.11 and a replacement Agent is required and by the tenth day before the expiration of such notice such replacement has not been duly appointed, such Agent may itself appoint as its replacement any reputable and experienced financial institution. Immediately following such appointment, the Issuer shall give notice of such appointment to the Trustee, the remaining Agents and the Holders whereupon the Issuer, the Trustee, the remaining Agents and the replacement Agent shall acquire and become subject to the same rights and obligations between themselves as if they had entered into an agreement in the form mutatis mutandis of this Indenture.
(c) Upon its resignation becoming effective the Principal Paying Agent shall forthwith transfer all moneys held by it hereunder hereof to the successor Principal Paying Agent or, if none, the Trustee or to the Trustee’s order, but shall have no other duties or responsibilities hereunder, and shall be entitled to the payment by the Issuer of its remuneration for the services previously rendered hereunder and to the reimbursement of all reasonable expenses (including legal fees) incurred in connection therewith.
SECTION 7.12 Agents General Provisions.
(a) Actions of Agents. The rights, powers, duties and obligations and actions of each Agent under this Indenture are several and not joint or joint and several.
(b) Agents of Trustee. The Issuer and the Agents acknowledge and agree that in the event of a Default or Event of Default, the Trustee may, by notice in writing to the Issuer and the Agents, require that the Agents act as agents of, and take instructions exclusively from, the Trustee. Prior to receiving such written notification from the Trustee, the Agents shall be the agents of the Issuer and need have no concern for the interests of the Holders.
(c) Funds held by Agents. The Agents will hold all funds subject to the terms of this Indenture.
(d) Publication of Notices. Any obligation the Agents may have to publish a notice to Holders of Global Notes on behalf of the Issuer will be met upon delivery of the notice to DTC.
(e) Instructions. In the event that instructions given to any Agent are not reasonably clear, then such Agent shall be entitled to seek clarification from the Issuer or other party entitled to give the Agents instructions under this Indenture by written request promptly,
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and in any event within one Business Day of receipt by such Agent of such instructions. If an Agent has sought clarification in accordance with this Section 7.12, then such Agent shall be entitled to take no action until such clarification is provided, and shall not incur any liability for not taking any action pending receipt of such clarification.
(f) No Fiduciary Duty. No Agent shall be under any fiduciary duty or other obligation towards, or have any relationship of agency or trust, for or with any person.
(g) Mutual Undertaking. Each party shall, within ten Business Days of a written request by another party, supply to that other party such forms, documentation and other information relating to it, its operations, or the Notes as that other party reasonably requests for the purposes of that other party’s compliance with applicable law and shall notify the relevant other party reasonably promptly in the event that it becomes aware that any of the forms, documentation or other information provided by such party is (or becomes) inaccurate in any material respect; provided, however, that no party shall be required to provide any forms, documentation or other information pursuant to this Section 7.12(g) to the extent that: (i) any such form, documentation or other information (or the information required to be provided on such form or documentation) is not reasonably available to such party and cannot be obtained by such party using reasonable efforts; or (ii) doing so would or might in the reasonable opinion of such party constitute a breach of any: (a) applicable law or (b) duty of confidentiality. For purposes of this Section 7.12(g), “applicable law” shall be deemed to include (i) any rule or practice of any regulatory or governmental authority by which any party is bound or with which it is accustomed to comply; (ii) any agreement between any Authorities; and (iii) any agreement between any regulatory or governmental authority and any party that is customarily entered into by institutions of a similar nature.
(h) Tax Withholding.
(i) The Issuer shall notify each Agent in the event that it determines that any payment to be made by an Agent under the Notes is a payment which could be subject to FATCA Withholding if such payment were made to a recipient that is generally unable to receive payments free from FATCA Withholding, and the extent to which the relevant payment is so treated; provided, however, that the Issuer’s obligations under this Section 7.12(h) shall apply only to the extent that such payments are so treated by virtue of characteristics of the Issuer, the Notes, or both.
(ii) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, each Agent shall be entitled to make a deduction or withholding from any payment which it makes under the Notes for or on account of any Tax, if and only to the extent so required by Applicable Law, in which event the Agent shall make such payment after such deduction or withholding has been made and shall account to the relevant Authority within the time allowed for the amount so deducted or withheld or, at its option, shall reasonably promptly after making such payment return to the Issuer the amount so deducted or withheld, in which case, the Issuer shall so account to the relevant Authority for such amount. For the avoidance of doubt, FATCA Withholding is a deduction or withholding
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which is deemed to be required by Applicable Law for the purposes of this Section 7.12(h)(ii).
ARTICLE EIGHT
DEFEASANCE; SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
DEFEASANCE; SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
SECTION 8.01 Issuer’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The Issuer may, at its option and at any time prior to the Stated Maturity of the Notes, by a resolution of its Board of Directors, elect to have either Section 8.02 or Section 8.03 be applied to all outstanding Notes upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article Eight.
SECTION 8.02 Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the Issuer’s exercise under Section 8.01 of the option applicable to this Section 8.02, the Issuer and the Guarantors shall be deemed to have been discharged from their obligations with respect to the Notes on the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Legal Defeasance means that the Issuer shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the outstanding Notes and to have satisfied all their other obligations under the Notes and this Indenture (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Issuer, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (a) the rights of Holders of outstanding Notes to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 8.08 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and interest (including Additional Amounts) on such Notes when such payments are due from the trust fund described in Section 8.08, (b) the Issuer’s obligations with respect to the Notes concerning issuing temporary Notes, registration of Notes, mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes and the maintenance of an office or agency for payment and money for security payments held in trust, (c) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Issuer’s and the Guarantors’ obligations in connection therewith and (d) the provisions of this Article Eight. Subject to compliance with this Article Eight, the Issuer may exercise its option under this Section 8.02 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 8.03 below with respect to the Notes. If the Issuer exercises its Legal Defeasance option, payment of the Notes may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default.
SECTION 8.03 Covenant Defeasance. Upon the Issuer’s exercise under Section 8.01 of the option applicable to this Section 8.03, the Issuer and the Guarantors shall be released from their obligations under any covenant contained in Sections 4.03 through 4.05, 4.07 through 4.09 and 5.01 with respect to the Notes on and after the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, “Covenant Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, the Issuer may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Notes shall be unaffected thereby.
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SECTION 8.04 Conditions to Defeasance. In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance:
(i) the Issuer must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable Government Securities, or a combination of cash in U.S. dollars and non-callable Government Securities in amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm or firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, or interest (including Additional Amounts and premium, if any) on the outstanding Notes on the stated date for payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be, and the Issuer must specify whether the Notes are being defeased to such stated date for payment or to a particular redemption date;
(ii) in the case of Legal Defeasance, the Issuer must deliver to the Trustee:
(A) an opinion of United States counsel, which counsel is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, confirming that (i) the Issuer has received from, or there has been published by, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (ii) since the Issue Date, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion of counsel will confirm that, the holders of the outstanding Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred; and
(B) an Opinion of Counsel in the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Issuer, which counsel is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, to the effect that the Holders will not recognize income, gain or loss for tax purposes of such jurisdiction as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to tax in such jurisdiction on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred;
(iii) in the case of Covenant Defeasance, the Issuer must deliver to the Trustee:
(A) an opinion of United States counsel, which counsel is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, confirming that the holders of the outstanding Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred; and
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(B) an opinion of counsel in the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Issuer, which counsel is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, to the effect that the Holders will not recognize income, gain or loss for tax purposes of such jurisdiction as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to tax in such jurisdiction on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred;
(iv) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit (and any similar concurrent deposit relating to other indebtedness), and the granting of Security Interests to secure such borrowings);
(v) such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under any material agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture and the agreements governing any other indebtedness being defeased, discharged or replaced) to which the Issuer or any of the Guarantors is a party or by which the Issuer or any of the Guarantors is bound;
(vi) the Issuer must deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Issuer with the intent of preferring the holders of Notes over the other creditors of the Issuer with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any creditors of the Issuer or others; and
(vii) the Issuer must deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.
If the funds deposited with the Trustee to effect Covenant Defeasance are insufficient to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Notes when due because of any acceleration occurring after an Event of Default, then the Issuer and the Guarantors shall remain liable for such payments.
SECTION 8.05 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. This Indenture, and the rights of the Trustee and the Holders of the Notes hereunder, shall be discharged and shall cease to be of further effect as to all Notes issued thereunder, when:
(1) either:
(A) all Notes that have been authenticated, except lost, stolen or destroyed Notes that have been replaced or paid and Notes for whose payment money has been deposited in trust and thereafter repaid to the Issuer, have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
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(B) all Notes that have not been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation have become due and payable by reason of the delivery of a notice of redemption or otherwise or will become due and payable within one year and the Issuer or any Guarantor has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the holders, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable Government Securities, or a combination of cash in U.S. dollars and non-callable Government Securities, in amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm or firm of independent public accountants, without consideration of any reinvestment of interest, to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on the Notes not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation for principal, premium and Additional Amounts, if any, and accrued interest to the date of maturity or redemption;
(2) the Issuer or any Guarantor has paid or caused to be paid all sums payable by it under this Indenture; and
(3) the Issuer has delivered irrevocable instructions to the Trustee under this Indenture to apply the deposited money toward the payment of the Notes at maturity or on the redemption date, as the case may be.
In addition, the Issuer must deliver an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the Trustee stating that all conditions precedent to satisfaction and discharge have been satisfied; provided that any such counsel may rely on any Officer’s Certificate as to matters of fact (including as to compliance with the foregoing clauses (1), (2) and (3)).
SECTION 8.06 Survival of Certain Obligations. Notwithstanding Sections 8.01 and 8.03, any obligations of the Issuer and the Guarantors in Sections 2.02 through 2.14, 6.07, 7.05 and 7.06 shall survive until the Notes have been paid in full. Thereafter, any obligations of the Issuer or the Guarantors in Section 7.05 shall survive such satisfaction and discharge. Nothing contained in this Article Eight shall abrogate any of the obligations or duties of the Trustee under this Indenture.
SECTION 8.07 Acknowledgment of Discharge by Trustee. Subject to Section 8.11, after the conditions of Section 8.02, 8.03 or 8.05 have been satisfied, the Trustee upon written request shall acknowledge in writing the discharge of all of the Issuer’s and Guarantor’s obligations under this Indenture except for those surviving obligations specified in this Article Eight.
SECTION 8.08 Application of Trust Money. Subject to Section 8.09, the Trustee shall hold in trust cash in U.S. dollars or Government Securities deposited with it pursuant to this Article Eight. It shall apply the deposited cash or Government Securities through the Paying Agent and in accordance with this Indenture to the payment of principal of, premium, if any, interest, and Additional Amounts, if any, on the Notes; but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
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SECTION 8.09 Repayment to Issuer. Subject to Sections 7.05, and 8.01 through 8.04, the Trustee and the Paying Agent shall promptly pay to the Issuer upon request set forth in an Officer’s Certificate any excess money held by them at any time and thereupon shall be relieved from all liability with respect to such money. The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Issuer upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal, premium, if any, interest or Additional Amounts, if any, that remains unclaimed for two years; provided that the Trustee or Paying Agent before being required to make any payment may cause to be published through the newswire service of Bloomberg or, if Bloomberg does not then operate, any similar agency or deliver to each Holder entitled to such money at such Holder’s address (as set forth in the Security Register) notice that such money remains unclaimed and that after a date specified therein (which shall be at least 30 days from the date of such publication or delivery) any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Issuer. After payment to the Issuer, Holders entitled to such money must look to the Issuer for payment as general creditors unless an applicable law designates another Person, and all liability of the Trustee and such Paying Agent with respect to such money shall cease.
SECTION 8.10 Indemnity for Government Securities. The Issuer shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee and the Paying Agent against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against deposited Government Securities or the principal, premium, if any, interest, if any, and Additional Amounts, if any, received on such Government Securities.
SECTION 8.11 Reinstatement. If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply cash in U.S. dollars or Government Securities in accordance with this Article Eight by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the Issuer’s and the Guarantors’ obligations under this Indenture and the Notes shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article Eight until such time as the Trustee or any such Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such cash or Government Securities in accordance with this Article Eight; provided that, if the Issuer has made any payment of principal of, premium, if any, interest, if any, and Additional Amounts, if any, on any Notes because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Issuer shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Notes to receive such payment from the cash in U.S. dollars or Government Securities held by the Trustee or the Paying Agent.
ARTICLE NINE
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
SECTION 9.01 Without Consent of Holders.
(a) The Issuer, the Guarantors and the Trustee may modify, amend or supplement the Note Documents without notice to or consent of any Holder:
(i) to cure any ambiguity, omission, error, defect or inconsistency;
(ii) to provide for the assumption of the Issuer’s or a Guarantor’s obligations to Holders of Notes and Note Guarantees in the case of a consolidation or
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merger or sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Issuer’s or such Guarantor’s assets, as applicable;
(iii) to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of Notes or that, in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors of the Issuer, does not adversely affect the legal rights under this Indenture of any such holder in any material respect;
(iv) to conform the text of this Indenture, the Notes or the Note Guarantees to any provision of the section entitled “Description of Notes” in the Offering Memorandum to the extent that such provision in the “Description of Notes” was intended to be a verbatim recitation of a provision of this Indenture, the Notes or the Note Guarantees;
(v) to provide for any Subsidiary to provide a Note Guarantee in accordance with Section 4.07, to add security to or for the benefit of the Notes or to confirm and evidence the release, termination, discharge or retaking of any Note Guarantee or Security Interest or any amendment in respect thereof with respect to or securing the Notes when such release, termination, discharge or retaking or amendment is permitted under this Indenture;
(vi) to mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or grant a security interest in favor of or for the benefit of holders of Note Obligations;
(vii) to provide for the issuance of additional Notes in accordance with the limitations set forth in this Indenture as of the Issue Date;
(viii) to allow any Guarantor (including any Parent Entity) to execute a Supplemental Indenture and a Note Guarantee with respect to the Notes;
(ix) to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of Definitive Registered Notes (provided that the uncertificated Notes are issued in registered form for purposes of Section 163(f) of the Code, or in a manner such that the uncertificated Notes are described in Section 163(f)(2)(B) of the Code); or
(x) to evidence and provide the acceptance of the appointment of a successor Trustee under this Indenture.
(b) In connection with any proposed amendment or supplement in respect of such matters, the Trustee will be entitled to receive, and rely conclusively on, an Opinion of Counsel and/or an Officer’s Certificate.
(c) For the avoidance of doubt (and without limiting the generality of any other statements in this Indenture), the provisions of the TIA, shall not apply to any amendments to or waivers or consents under this Indenture.
SECTION 9.02 With Consent of Holders.
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(a) Except as provided in Section 9.02(b) below and Section 6.04 and without prejudice to Section 9.01, the Note Documents may be amended or supplemented with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Notes), and any existing Default or Event of Default or compliance with any provision of this Indenture, the Notes or the Note Guarantees may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Notes).
(b) Without the consent of each Holder affected, an amendment, supplement or waiver may not (with respect to any Notes held by a non-consenting Holder):
(i) reduce the principal amount of Notes whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;
(ii) reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of any Note or reduce the premium payable upon the redemption of any such Note or change the time at which such Note may be redeemed;
(iii) reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest, including default interest, on any Note;
(iv) impair the right of any Holder to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such Holder’s Notes or any Note Guarantee in respect thereof;
(v) waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal of, or interest, Additional Amounts or premium, if any, on, the Notes (except a rescission of acceleration of the Notes by the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and a waiver of the payment Default that resulted from such acceleration);
(vi) make any Note payable in money other than that stated in the Notes;
(vii) make any change in the provisions of this Indenture relating to waivers of past Defaults or the rights of holders of Notes to receive payments of principal of, or interest, Additional Amounts or premium, if any, on, the Notes;
(viii) waive a redemption payment with respect to any Note (other than a payment required by Section 4.05);
(ix) make any change to or modify the ranking of the Notes as to contractual right of payment in a manner that would adversely affect the holders thereof;
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(x) release any Guarantor from any of its obligations under its Note Guarantee or this Indenture, except in accordance with the terms of this Indenture; or
(xi) make any change in the preceding amendment and waiver provisions.
(c) The consent of the Holders shall not be necessary under this Indenture to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or consent. It is sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or consent. A consent to any amendment or waiver under this Indenture by any Holder given in connection with a tender of such Holder’s Notes will not be rendered invalid by such tender.
SECTION 9.03 Effect of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article Nine, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.
SECTION 9.04 Notation on or Exchange of Notes. If an amendment, modification or supplement changes the terms of a Note, the Issuer or the Trustee may require the Holder to deliver it to the Trustee. The Trustee may place an appropriate notation on the Note and on any Note subsequently authenticated regarding the changed terms and return it to the Holder. Alternatively, if the Issuer so determines, the Issuer in exchange for the Note shall issue, and the Trustee shall authenticate, a new Note that reflects the changed terms. Failure to make the appropriate notation or to issue a new Note shall not affect the validity of such amendment, modification or supplement.
SECTION 9.05 [Reserved].
SECTION 9.06 Notice of Amendment or Waiver. Promptly after the execution by the Issuer and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture or waiver pursuant to the provisions of Section 9.02, the Issuer shall give notice thereof to the Holders of each outstanding Note affected, in the manner provided for in Section 12.01(b), setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture or waiver.
SECTION 9.07 Trustee to Sign Amendments, Etc. The Trustee shall execute any amendment, supplement or waiver authorized pursuant and adopted in accordance with this Article Nine; provided that the Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, execute any such amendment, supplement or waiver which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture. The Trustee shall receive, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel and an Officer’s Certificate each stating that the execution of any amendment, supplement or waiver authorized pursuant to this Article Nine is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and that such amendment has been duly authorized, executed and delivered and is the legally valid and binding obligation of the Issuer enforceable against them in
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accordance with its terms (for the avoidance of doubt, such Opinion of Counsel is not required with respect to any Guarantor). Such Opinion of Counsel shall be an expense of the Issuer.
SECTION 9.08 Additional Voting Terms; Calculation of Principal Amount.
(a) All Notes issued under this Indenture shall vote and consent together on all matters (as to which any of such Notes may vote) as one class. Determinations as to whether Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Notes have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent shall be made in accordance with this Article Nine and Section 9.08(b).
(b) The aggregate principal amount of the Notes, at any date of determination, shall be the principal amount of the Notes at such date of determination. With respect to any matter requiring consent, waiver, approval or other action of the Holders of a specified percentage of the principal amount of all the Notes, such percentage shall be calculated, on the relevant date of determination, by dividing (i) the principal amount, as of such date of determination, of Notes, the Holders of which have so consented by (ii) the aggregate principal amount, as of such date of determination, of the Notes then outstanding, in each case, as determined in accordance with the preceding sentence, Section 2.08 and Section 2.09 of this Indenture. Any such calculation made pursuant to this Section 9.08(b) shall be made by the Issuer and delivered to the Trustee pursuant to an Officer’s Certificate.
ARTICLE TEN
GUARANTEE
GUARANTEE
SECTION 10.01 Note Guarantees.
(a) The Guarantors, either by execution of this Indenture or a Supplemental Indenture, fully and, subject to the limitations on the effectiveness and enforceability set forth in this Indenture or such Supplemental Indenture, as applicable, unconditionally guarantee, on a joint and several basis to each Holder and to the Trustee and its successors and assigns on behalf of each Holder, the full payment of principal of, premium, if any, interest, if any, and Additional Amounts, if any, on, and all other monetary obligations of the Issuer under this Indenture and the Notes (including obligations to the Trustee and the obligations to pay Additional Amounts, if any) with respect to, each Note authenticated and delivered by the Trustee or its agent pursuant to and in accordance with this Indenture, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture (all the foregoing being hereinafter collectively called the “Note Obligations”). The Guarantors further agree that the Note Obligations may be extended or renewed, in whole or in part, without notice or further assent from the Guarantors and that the Guarantors shall remain bound under this Article Ten notwithstanding any extension or renewal of any Note Obligation. All payments under each Note Guarantee will be made in U.S. dollars.
(b) The Guarantors hereby agree that their obligations hereunder shall be as if they were each principal debtor and not merely surety, unaffected by, and irrespective of, any invalidity, irregularity or unenforceability of any Note or this Indenture, any failure to enforce the provisions of any Note or this Indenture, any waiver, modification or indulgence granted to the Issuer with respect thereto by the Holders or the Trustee, or any other circumstance which
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may otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge of a surety or guarantor (except payment in full); provided that notwithstanding the foregoing, no such waiver, modification, indulgence or circumstance shall without the written consent of the Guarantors increase the principal amount of a Note or the interest rate thereon or change the currency of payment with respect to any Note, or alter the Stated Maturity thereof. The Guarantors hereby waive diligence, presentment, demand of payment, filing of claims with a court in the event of merger or bankruptcy of the Issuer, any right to require that the Trustee pursue or exhaust its legal or equitable remedies against the Issuer prior to exercising its rights under a Note Guarantee (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any right which a Guarantor may have to require the seizure and sale of the assets of the Issuer to satisfy the outstanding principal of, interest on or any other amount payable under each Note prior to recourse against such Guarantor or its assets), protest or notice with respect to any Note or the indebtedness evidenced thereby and all demands whatsoever, and each covenant that their Note Guarantee will not be discharged with respect to any Note except by payment in full of the principal thereof and interest thereon or as otherwise provided in this Indenture, including Section 10.04. If at any time any payment of principal of, premium, if any, interest, if any, or Additional Amounts, if any, on such Note is rescinded or must be otherwise restored or returned upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of the Issuer, the Guarantors’ obligations hereunder with respect to such payment shall be reinstated as of the date of such rescission, restoration or returns as though such payment had become due but had not been made at such times.
(c) The Guarantors also agree to pay any and all costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Trustee or any Holder in enforcing any rights under this Section 10.01.
SECTION 10.02 Subrogation.
(a) Each Guarantor shall be subrogated to all rights of the Holders against the Issuer in respect of any amounts paid to such Holders by such Guarantor pursuant to the provisions of its Note Guarantee.
(b) The Guarantors agree that they shall not be entitled to any right of subrogation in relation to the Holders in respect of any Note Obligations guaranteed hereby until payment in full of all Note Obligations. The Guarantors further agree that, as between them, on the one hand, and the Holders and the Trustee, on the other hand, (x) the maturity of the Note Obligations guaranteed hereby may be accelerated as provided in Section 6.02 for the purposes of the Note Guarantees herein, notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such acceleration in respect of the Note Obligations guaranteed hereby, and (y) in the event of any declaration of acceleration of such Note Obligations as provided in Section 6.02, such Note Obligations (whether or not due and payable) shall forthwith become due and payable by the Guarantors for the purposes of this Section 10.02.
SECTION 10.03 Release of Note Guarantees.
(a) The Note Guarantee by a Guarantor shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged under this Indenture upon:
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(i) in the case of a Subsidiary Guarantor, in connection with any sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of that Subsidiary Guarantor (including by way of merger, consolidation, amalgamation or combination) to a Person that is not (either before or after giving effect to such transaction) the Issuer or a Guarantor;
(ii) in the case of a Subsidiary Guarantor, any direct or indirect sale, exchange or other transfer (by merger, consolidation or otherwise) of the Capital Stock of such Guarantor (including any sale, exchange or transfer) after which the applicable Subsidiary Guarantor either (i) is no longer a Subsidiary of the Issuer, Carnival plc or another Guarantor or (ii) would not be required to provide a Note Guarantee under Section 4.07;
(iii) in the case of a Subsidiary Guarantor, the release or discharge of the Guarantee by a Subsidiary Guarantor of the Existing First-Priority Secured Notes and any other indebtedness that requires or would require such Subsidiary Guarantor to guarantee the Notes;
(iv) in the case of each Subsidiary Guarantor, upon the first date following the Issue Date on which a Guarantee Fall-Away Event has occurred, regardless of whether the conditions set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) of the definition of Guarantee Fall-Away Event continue to be satisfied; or
(v) the discharge of the Issuer’s obligations under this Indenture in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.
(b) Subject to Section 4.07(b), in the event that any released Subsidiary Guarantor (in the case of clause (iii) above) thereafter becomes an issuer, borrower, obligor or guarantor under the Existing First-Priority Secured Notes or any other indebtedness that requires or would require such Subsidiary Guarantor to Guarantee the Notes, such former Subsidiary Guarantor will again provide a Guarantee.
SECTION 10.04 Limitation and Effectiveness of Note Guarantees. Each Guarantor, and by its acceptance of Notes, each Holder, hereby confirms that it is the intention of all such parties that the Guarantee of such Guarantor not constitute a fraudulent conveyance or a fraudulent transfer for purposes of Bankruptcy Law, the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or any similar federal or state law to the extent applicable to any Guarantee. To effectuate the foregoing intention, the Trustee, the Holders and the Guarantors hereby irrevocably agree that the obligations of each Guarantor under its Guarantee will be limited to the maximum amount as will, after giving effect to all other contingent and fixed liabilities of such Guarantor and after giving effect to any collections from or payments made by or on behalf of any other Guarantor in respect of the obligations of such other Guarantor under its Guarantee or pursuant to its contribution obligations under this Indenture, result in the obligations of such Guarantor under its Guarantee not constituting a fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer under federal or state law and not otherwise being void or voidable under any similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally. Each Guarantor that makes a payment under its Guarantee shall be entitled upon payment in full of all guaranteed obligations under this Indenture to a contribution from each other Guarantor in an amount equal to such other Guarantor’s pro rata portion of such payment based on the respective net assets of all the
67
Guarantors at the time of such payment determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
SECTION 10.05 Notation Not Required. Neither the Issuer nor any Guarantor shall be required to make a notation on the Notes to reflect any Note Guarantee or any release, termination or discharge thereof.
SECTION 10.06 Successors and Assigns. This Article Ten shall be binding upon the Guarantors and each of their successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Trustee and the Holders and, in the event of any transfer or assignment of rights by any Holder or the Trustee, the rights and privileges conferred upon that party in this Indenture and in the Notes shall automatically extend to and be vested in such transferee or assigns, all subject to the terms and conditions of this Indenture.
SECTION 10.07 No Waiver. Neither a failure nor a delay on the part of the Trustee or the Holders in exercising any right, power or privilege under this Article Ten shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall a single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise of any right, power or privilege. The rights, remedies and benefits of the Trustee and the Holders herein expressly specified are cumulative and are not exclusive of any other rights, remedies or benefits which either may have under this Article Ten at law, in equity, by statute or otherwise.
SECTION 10.08 Modification. No modification, amendment or waiver of any provision of this Article Ten, nor the consent to any departure by any Guarantor therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Trustee, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given. No notice to or demand on any Guarantor in any case shall entitle such Guarantor to any other or further notice or demand in the same, similar or other circumstance.
SECTION 10.09 Limitation on the Italian Guarantor’s Liability. Without prejudice to Section 10.04, the obligations of the Italian Guarantor under this Indenture shall be subject to the following limitations:
(a) obligations of the Italian Guarantor shall not include, and shall not extend, directly or indirectly, to any indebtedness incurred by any obligor as borrower or as a guarantor in respect of any proceeds of the issuance of the Notes, the purpose or actual use of which is, directly or indirectly:
(i) the acquisition of the Italian Guarantor (and/or of any entity directly or indirectly controlling it), including any related costs and expenses;
(ii) a subscription for any shares in the Italian Guarantor (and/or any entity directly or indirectly controlling it), including any related costs and expenses; or
(iii) the refinancing thereof;
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(b) without prejudice to Section 10.04, pursuant to Article 1938 of the Italian civil code, the maximum amount that the Italian Guarantor may be required to pay in respect of its obligations as Guarantor under this Indenture shall not exceed, at any given time, the lower of (i) $1,250,000,000, and (ii) the following amount: (1) the ratio between the net book value of vessels owned by the Italian Guarantor and subject to mortgage to secure the indebtedness raised pursuant to the Secured Debt (which shall indicate, collectively, (A) the 2028 First-Priority Secured Notes and (B) the 2029 First-Priority Secured Notes ((A) and (B)), collectively, the “Secured Debt”)), divided by the net book value of all vessels owned by the Issuer and the Guarantors under the Secured Debt (including the Italian Guarantor) and subject to mortgage to secure the indebtedness raised pursuant to the Secured Debt, multiplied by (2) the amounts issued/drawn down and not repaid yet under the Secured Debt, the Existing Unsecured Notes, the Notes, the Convertible Notes, the Existing Revolving Facility and the Existing Term Loan Facility; and
(c) obligations of the Italian Guarantor shall not extend to the payment obligations of other entities which do not belong to the Italian Guarantor’s corporate group (gruppo di appartenenza) in the meaning of articles 1(e) of the decree of the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance No. 53 of April 2, 2015.
ARTICLE ELEVEN
[RESERVED]
[RESERVED]
ARTICLE TWELVE
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 12.01 Notices.
(a) Any notice or communication shall be in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first class mail or sent by facsimile transmission addressed as follows:
if to the Issuer or the Guarantors:
Carnival Corporation
3655 NW 87th Avenue
Miami, FL 33178-2428
Facsimile: +1 305 406 4758
Attn: General Counsel
if to the Trustee, Principal Paying Agent, Transfer Agent or Registrar:
U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association
60 Livingston Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55107
Attn: Corporate Trust Administrator
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The Issuer, the Guarantors or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.
(b) Notices regarding the Notes shall be:
(i) delivered to Holders electronically or mailed by first-class mail, postage paid; and
(ii) in the case of Definitive Registered Notes, delivered to each Holder by first-class mail at such Holder’s respective address as it appears on the registration books of the Registrar.
Notices given by first-class mail shall be deemed given five calendar days after mailing and notices given by publication shall be deemed given on the first date on which publication is made. Failure to deliver a notice or communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders. If a notice or communication is delivered in the manner provided above, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.
In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.
(c) If and so long as the Notes are represented by Global Notes, notice to Holders, in lieu of being given in accordance with Section 12.01(b) above, may be given by delivery of the relevant notice to DTC for communication.
(d) Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.
(e) All notices, approvals, consents, requests and any communications hereunder must be in writing; provided that any communication sent to Trustee hereunder must be in the form of a document that is signed manually or by way of a digital signature provided by DocuSign (or such other digital signature provider as specified in writing to Trustee by the authorized representative), in English. The Issuer and Guarantors agree to assume all risks arising out of the use of using digital signatures and electronic methods to submit communications to Trustee, including without limitation the risk of Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk of interception and misuse by third parties.
SECTION 12.02 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent. Upon any request or application by the Issuer or any Guarantor to the Trustee to take or refrain from taking any action under this Indenture (except in connection with the original issuance of the Original Notes
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on the date hereof), the Issuer or any Guarantor, as the case may be, shall furnish upon request to the Trustee:
(a) an Officer’s Certificate in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee stating that, in the opinion of the Officer, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and
(b) an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.
Any Officer’s Certificate may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, unless the Officer signing such certificate knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that such Opinion of Counsel with respect to the matters upon which such Officer’s Certificate is based are erroneous. Any Opinion of Counsel may be based and may state that it is so based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon certificates of public officials or an Officer’s Certificate stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Issuer, unless the counsel signing such Opinion of Counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the Officer’s Certificate with respect to the matters upon which such Opinion of Counsel is based are erroneous.
SECTION 12.03 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion. Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:
(a) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating thereto;
(b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;
(c) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and
(d) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
SECTION 12.04 Rules by Trustee, Paying Agent and Registrar. The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders. The Registrar and the Paying Agent may make reasonable rules for their functions.
SECTION 12.05 [Reserved].
SECTION 12.06 Legal Holidays. If any Interest Payment Date, the maturity date for the Notes or any Redemption Date or date of repurchase of the Notes pursuant to a Change of Control Offer, falls on a day that is not a Business Day, the required payment shall be made on
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the next succeeding day that is a Business Day as if it were made on the date the payment was due, and no interest shall accrue on the amount so payable for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, maturity date, Redemption Date or date of repurchase, as the case may be. If a Record Date is not a Business Day, the Record Date shall not be affected.
SECTION 12.07 Governing Law. THIS INDENTURE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
SECTION 12.08 Jurisdiction. The Issuer and each Guarantor agree that any suit, action or proceeding against the Issuer or any Guarantor brought by any Holder or the Trustee arising out of or based upon this Indenture, the Notes or the Note Guarantees may be instituted in any state or Federal court in the Borough of Manhattan, New York, New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, and each of them irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any suit, action or proceeding. Each of the Issuer and the Guarantors irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection to any suit, action, or proceeding that may be brought in connection with this Indenture, the Notes or the Note Guarantees, including such actions, suits or proceedings relating to securities laws of the United States of America or any state thereof, in such courts whether on the grounds of venue, residence or domicile or on the ground that any such suit, action or proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum. The Issuer and the Guarantors agree that final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Issuer or any Guarantor, as the case may be, and may be enforced in any court to the jurisdiction of which the Issuer or any Guarantor, as the case may be, are subject by a suit upon such judgment; provided that service of process is effected upon the Issuer or any Guarantor, as the case may be, in the manner provided by this Indenture. Each of the Issuer and the Guarantors not resident in the United States has appointed National Registered Agents, Inc., located 28 Liberty Street, New York, New York 10005, or any successor so long as such successor is resident in the United States and can act for this purpose, as its authorized agent (the “Authorized Agent”), upon whom process may be served in any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Indenture, the Notes or the Note Guarantees or the transactions contemplated herein which may be instituted in any state or Federal court in the Borough of Manhattan, New York, New York, by any Holder or the Trustee, and expressly accepts the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any such court in respect of any such suit, action or proceeding. National Registered Agents, Inc. has hereby accepted such appointment and has agreed to act as said agent for service of process, and the Issuer and each Guarantor agrees to take any and all action, including the filing of any and all documents that may be necessary to continue such respective appointment in full force and effect as aforesaid. Service of process upon the Authorized Agent shall be deemed, in every respect, effective service of process upon the Issuer and the Guarantors, as applicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any action involving the Issuer or Guarantors arising out of or based upon this Indenture, the Notes or the Note Guarantees may be instituted by any Holder or the Trustee in any other court of competent jurisdiction. The Issuer and each Guarantor expressly consents to the jurisdiction of any such court in respect of any such action and waives any other requirements of or objections to personal jurisdiction with respect thereto.
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EACH OF THE ISSUER, THE GUARANTORS AND THE TRUSTEE, AND EACH HOLDER OF A NOTE BY ITS ACCEPTANCE THEREOF, HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE NOTES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.
SECTION 12.09 No Recourse Against Others. A director, officer, employee, incorporator, member or shareholder, as such, of the Issuer or any Guarantor shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Issuer or any Guarantor under this Indenture, the Notes or any Note Guarantee or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. By accepting a Note, each Holder shall waive and release all such liability. The waiver and release shall be part of the consideration for the issue of the Notes. Such waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws.
SECTION 12.10 Successors. All agreements of the Issuer and any Guarantor in this Indenture and the Notes shall bind their respective successors. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successors.
SECTION 12.11 Counterparts. The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement. One signed copy is enough to prove this Indenture. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or other electronic transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or other electronic transmission shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.
SECTION 12.12 Table of Contents and Headings. The table of contents and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not intended to be considered a part hereof and shall not modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.
SECTION 12.13 Severability. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Notes shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
SECTION 12.14 Currency Indemnity. Any payment on account of an amount that is payable in U.S. dollars (the “Required Currency”) which is made to or for the account of any Holder or the Trustee in lawful currency of any other jurisdiction (the “Judgment Currency”), whether as a result of any judgment or order or the enforcement thereof or the liquidation of the Issuer or any Guarantor, shall constitute a discharge of the Issuer or the Guarantors’ obligations under this Indenture and the Notes or Note Guarantee, as the case may be, only to the extent of the amount of the Required Currency with such Holder or the Trustee, as the case may be, could purchase in the London foreign exchange markets with the amount of the Judgment Currency in accordance with normal banking procedures at the rate of exchange prevailing on the first
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Business Day following receipt of the payment in the Judgment Currency. If the amount of the Required Currency that could be so purchased is less than the amount of the Required Currency originally due to such holder or the Trustee, as the case may be, the Issuer and the Guarantors shall indemnify and hold harmless the holder or the Trustee, as the case may be, from and against all loss or damage arising out of, or as a result of, such deficiency. This indemnity shall constitute an obligation separate and independent from the other obligations contained in this Indenture or the Notes, shall give rise to a separate and independent cause of action, shall apply irrespective of any indulgence granted by any holder or the Trustee from time to time and shall continue in full force and effect notwithstanding any judgment or order for a liquidated sum in respect of an amount due hereunder or under any judgment or order.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, all as of the date first written above.
COMPANY:
CARNIVAL CORPORATION
By: /s/ James Chedgey
Name: James Chedgey
Title: Senior Vice President
GUARANTORS:
CARNIVAL PLC
By: /s/ James Chedgey
Name: James Chedgey
Title: Senior Vice President
GXI, LLC
By: Carnival Corporation, its Sole Member
By: /s/ Lourdes Saurez
Name: Lourdes Saurez
Title: Treasurer
COSTA CROCIERE S.P.A.
By: /s/ Enrique Miguez
Name: Enrique Miguez
Title: Director
[Signature Page to Indenture]
HAL ANTILLEN LIMITED
By:/s/ Daniel Howard
Name: Daniel Howard
Title: Senior Vice President, Deputy General Counsel & Assistant Secretary
HOLLAND AMERICA LINE LIMITED
By:/s/ Daniel Howard
Name: Daniel Howard
Title: Senior Vice President, Deputy General Counsel & Assistant Secretary
[Signature Page to Indenture]
PRINCESS CRUISE LINES, LTD.
By:/s/ Daniel Howard
Name: Daniel Howard
Title: Senior Vice President, Deputy General Counsel & Assistant Secretary
SEABOURN CRUISE LINE LIMITED
By: SSC Shipping and Air Services (Curaçao) N.V., its Sole Director
By: /s/ Tara L. Cannegieter
Name: Tara L. Cannegieter
Title: Managing Director
By:/s/s Rhona M.P. Mendez
Name: Rhona M.P. Mendez
Title: Managing Director
[Signature Page to Indenture]
U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Trustee, Principal Paying Agent, Transfer Agent and Registrar
as Trustee, Principal Paying Agent, Transfer Agent and Registrar
By: /s/ Brandon Bonfig
Name: Brandon Bonfig
Title: Vice President
Name: Brandon Bonfig
Title: Vice President
[Signature Page to Indenture]
Schedule I
GUARANTORS
| Entity | Jurisdiction | ||||
| Carnival plc | England and Wales | ||||
| GXI, LLC | Delaware | ||||
| HAL Antillen Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| Holland America Line Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| Princess Cruise Lines, Ltd. | Bermuda | ||||
| Seabourn Cruise Line Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| Costa Crociere S.p.A. | Italy | ||||
I-1
EXHIBIT A
[FORM OF FACE OF NOTE]
CARNIVAL CORPORATION
[If Regulation S Global Note – CUSIP Number [●]1 / ISIN [●]2]
[If Restricted Global Note – CUSIP Number [●]3 / ISIN [●]4]
No. [●]
[If Restricted Global Note – CUSIP Number [●]3 / ISIN [●]4]
No. [●]
[Include if Global Note — UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE ISSUER OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.
THIS NOTE IS A GLOBAL NOTE WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF DTC OR A NOMINEE OF DTC OR A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY. THIS NOTE IS NOT EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN DTC OR ITS NOMINEE EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS NOTE (OTHER THAN A TRANSFER OF THIS NOTE AS A WHOLE BY DTC TO A NOMINEE OF DTC OR BY A NOMINEE OF DTC TO DTC OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF DTC OR BY DTC OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY) MAY BE REGISTERED EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE.]
THIS NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”) AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED WITHIN THE UNITED STATES OR TO, OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF, U.S. PERSONS, EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. BY ITS ACQUISITION HEREOF OR OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN, THE HOLDER: REPRESENTS
1 Issue Date Regulation S CUSIP: P2121V AW4.
2 Issue Date Regulation S ISIN: USP2121VAW48.
3 Issue Date Rule 144A CUSIP: 143658 CB6.
4 Issue Date Rule 144A ISIN: US143658CB65.
A-1
THAT (A) IT IS A “QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER” (AS DEFINED IN RULE 144A UNDER THE “SECURITIES ACT”) (A “QIB”) OR (B) IT IS NOT A U.S. PERSON, IS NOT ACQUIRING THIS NOTE FOR THE ACCOUNT OR FOR THE BENEFIT OF A U.S. PERSON AND IS ACQUIRING THIS NOTE IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION IN COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, AND AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT WITHIN [IN THE CASE OF RULE 144A NOTES: ONE YEAR AFTER THE LATER OF THE ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE HEREOF AND THE LAST DATE ON WHICH THE ISSUER OR ANY AFFILIATE OF THE ISSUER WAS THE OWNER OF THIS NOTE (OR ANY PREDECESSOR OF THIS NOTE)] [IN THE CASE OF REGULATION S NOTES: 40 DAYS AFTER THE LATER OF THE DATE WHEN THE NOTES WERE FIRST OFFERED TO PERSONS OTHER THAN DISTRIBUTORS IN RELIANCE ON REGULATION S AND THE DATE OF THE COMPLETION OF THE DISTRIBUTION] RESELL OR OTHERWISE TRANSFER THIS NOTE EXCEPT (A) TO THE ISSUER, CARNIVAL PLC OR ANY RESPECTIVE SUBSIDIARY THEREOF, (B) TO A PERSON WHOM THE HOLDER REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QIB IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (C) OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 904 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (D) PURSUANT TO THE EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION PROVIDED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT (IF AVAILABLE), (E) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANOTHER EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT (PROVIDED THAT PRIOR TO A TRANSFER PURSUANT TO CLAUSE (D) OR (E), THE TRUSTEE IS FURNISHED WITH AN OPINION OF COUNSEL ACCEPTABLE TO THE ISSUER THAT SUCH TRANSFER IS IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE SECURITIES ACT) OR (F) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND, IN EACH CASE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, AND AGREES THAT IT WILL DELIVER TO EACH PERSON TO WHOM THIS NOTE OR AN INTEREST HEREIN IS TRANSFERRED (OTHER THAN A TRANSFER PURSUANT TO CLAUSE (D) OR (F) ABOVE) A NOTICE SUBSTANTIALLY TO THE EFFECT OF THIS LEGEND.
IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN, THE HOLDER MUST CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX SET FORTH ON THE REVERSE HEREOF RELATING TO THE MANNER OF SUCH TRANSFER AND SUBMIT THIS CERTIFICATE TO THE TRUSTEE. AS USED HEREIN THE TERMS “OFFSHORE TRANSACTION,” “UNITED STATES” AND “U.S. PERSON” HAVE THE MEANING GIVEN TO THEM BY RULE 902 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT.
THE HOLDER OF THIS NOTE, BY ITS ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, AGREES ON ITS OWN BEHALF AND ON BEHALF OF ANY INVESTOR ACCOUNT FOR WHICH IT HAS PURCHASED SECURITIES THAT IT SHALL NOT TRANSFER THE SECURITIES IN AN AMOUNT LESS THAN $2,000.
A-2
5.125% SENIOR UNSECURED NOTE DUE 2029
Carnival Corporation, a Panamanian corporation, for value received, promises to pay to Cede & Co. or registered assigns the principal sum of $[●] (as such amount may be increased or decreased as indicated in Schedule A (Schedule of Principal Amount in the Global Note) of this Note) on May 1, 2029.
From [●], 20[●] or from the most recent interest payment date to which interest has been paid or provided for, cash interest on this Note will accrue at 5.125%, payable semi-annually on May 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on [●], to the Person in whose name this Note (or any predecessor Note) is registered at the close of business on the preceding April 15 and October 15, as the case may be.
THIS NOTE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICT OF LAW RULES THEREOF.
Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature of an authorized signatory, this Note shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.
Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Note set forth on the reverse hereof and to the provisions of the Indenture, which provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place.
A-3
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Note to be duly executed.
CARNIVAL CORPORATION | |||||
| By: | |||||
| Name: | |||||
| Title: | |||||
Dated: [●], 20[●]
A-4
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
This is one of the Notes designated in the within-mentioned Indenture.
U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Trustee
as Trustee
By: __________________
Authorized Officer
Authorized Officer
A-5
[FORM OF REVERSE SIDE OF NOTE]
5.125% Senior Unsecured Note due 2029
5.125% Senior Unsecured Note due 2029
1. Interest
Carnival Corporation, a Panamanian corporation (together with its successors and assigns under the Indenture, the “Issuer”), for value received, promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Note from [●], 20[●] at the rate per annum shown above. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. Any interest paid on this Note shall be increased to the extent necessary to pay Additional Amounts as set forth in this Note.
2. Additional Amounts
(a) All payments made by or on behalf of the Issuer or any of the Guarantors (including, in each case, any successor entity) under or with respect to the Notes or any Note Guarantee shall be made free and clear of and without withholding or deduction for, or on account of, any present or future Taxes unless the withholding or deduction of such Taxes is then required by law. If the Issuer, any Guarantor or any other applicable withholding agent is required by law to withhold or deduct any amount for, or on account of, any Taxes imposed or levied by or on behalf of (1) any jurisdiction (other than the United States) in which the Issuer or any Guarantor is or was incorporated, engaged in business, organized or resident for tax purposes or any political subdivision thereof or therein or (2) any jurisdiction from or through which any payment is made by or on behalf of the Issuer or any Guarantor (including, without limitation, the jurisdiction of any Paying Agent) or any political subdivision thereof or therein (each of (1) and (2), a “Tax Jurisdiction”) in respect of any payments under or with respect to the Notes or any Note Guarantee, including, without limitation, payments of principal, redemption price, purchase price, interest or premium, the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor, as applicable, shall pay such additional amounts (the “Additional Amounts”) as may be necessary in order that the net amounts received and retained in respect of such payments by each beneficial owner of Notes after such withholding or deduction shall equal the respective amounts that would have been received and retained in respect of such payments in the absence of such withholding or deduction; provided, however, that no Additional Amounts shall be payable with respect to:
(1) any Taxes, to the extent such Taxes would not have been imposed but for the holder or the beneficial owner of the Notes (or a fiduciary, settlor, beneficiary, partner of, member or shareholder of, or possessor of a power over, the relevant holder, if the relevant holder is an estate, trust, nominee, partnership, limited liability company or corporation) being or having been a citizen or resident or national of, or incorporated, engaged in a trade or business in, being or having been physically present in or having a permanent establishment in, the relevant Tax Jurisdiction or having or having had any other present or former connection with the relevant Tax Jurisdiction, other than any connection arising solely from the acquisition, ownership or disposition of Notes, the exercise or enforcement of rights under such Note, the Indenture or a Note Guarantee, or the receipt of payments in respect of such Note or a Note Guarantee;
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(2) any Taxes, to the extent such Taxes were imposed as a result of the presentation of a Note for payment (where presentation is required) more than 30 days after the relevant payment is first made available for payment to the holder (except to the extent that the holder would have been entitled to Additional Amounts had the Note been presented on the last day of such 30 day period);
(3) any estate, inheritance, gift, sale, transfer, personal property or similar Taxes;
(4) any Taxes payable other than by deduction or withholding from payments under, or with respect to, the Notes or any Note Guarantee;
(5) any Taxes to the extent such Taxes would not have been imposed or withheld but for the failure of the holder or beneficial owner of the Notes, following the Issuer’s reasonable written request addressed to the holder at least 60 days before any such withholding or deduction would be imposed, to comply with any certification, identification, information or other reporting requirements, whether required by statute, treaty, regulation or administrative practice of a Tax Jurisdiction, as a precondition to exemption from, or reduction in the rate of deduction or withholding of, Taxes imposed by the Tax Jurisdiction (including, without limitation, a certification that the holder or beneficial owner is not resident in the Tax Jurisdiction), but in each case, only to the extent the holder or beneficial owner is legally eligible to provide such certification or documentation;
(6) any Taxes imposed in connection with a Note presented for payment (where presentation is permitted or required for payment) by or on behalf of a holder or beneficial owner of the Notes to the extent such Taxes could have been avoided by presenting the relevant Note to, or otherwise accepting payment from, another Paying Agent;
(7) any Taxes imposed on or with respect to any payment by the Issuer or any of the Guarantors to the holder of the Notes if such holder is a fiduciary or partnership or any person other than the sole beneficial owner of such payment to the extent that such Taxes would not have been imposed on such payments had such holder been the sole beneficial owner of such Note;
(8) any Taxes that are imposed pursuant to current Section 1471 through 1474 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with, any regulations promulgated thereunder, any official interpretations thereof, any intergovernmental agreement between a non-U.S. jurisdiction and the United States (or any related law or administrative practices or procedures) implementing the foregoing or any agreements entered into pursuant to current Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code (or any amended or successor version described above); or
(9) any combination of clauses (1) through (8) above.
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In addition to the foregoing, the Issuer and the Guarantors will also pay and indemnify the holder for any present or future stamp, issue, registration, value added, transfer, court or documentary Taxes, or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies (including penalties, interest and additions to tax related thereto) which are levied by any jurisdiction on the execution, delivery, issuance, or registration of any of the Notes, the Indenture, any Note Guarantee or any other document referred to therein, or the receipt of any payments with respect thereto, or enforcement of, any of the Notes or any Note Guarantee (limited, solely in the case of Taxes attributable to the receipt of any payments, to any such Taxes imposed in a Tax Jurisdiction that are not excluded under clauses (1) through (3) or (5) through (9) above or any combination thereof).
(b) If the Issuer or any Guarantor, as the case may be, becomes aware that it will be obligated to pay Additional Amounts with respect to any payment under or with respect to the Notes or any Note Guarantee, the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor, as the case may be, will deliver to the Trustee on a date that is at least 30 days prior to the date of that payment (unless the obligation to pay Additional Amounts arises after the 30th day prior to that payment date, in which case the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor shall notify the Trustee promptly thereafter) an Officer’s Certificate stating the fact that Additional Amounts will be payable and the amount estimated to be so payable. The Officer’s Certificate must also set forth any other information reasonably necessary to enable the Paying Agents to pay Additional Amounts to Holders on the relevant payment date. The Issuer or the relevant Guarantor will provide the Trustee with documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee evidencing the payment of Additional Amounts. The Trustee shall be entitled to rely absolutely on an Officer’s Certificate as conclusive proof that such payments are necessary.
(c) The Issuer or the relevant Guarantor, if it is the applicable withholding agent, will make all withholdings and deductions (within the time period) required by law and will remit the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Tax authority in accordance with applicable law. The Issuer or the relevant Guarantor will use its reasonable efforts to obtain Tax receipts from each Tax authority evidencing the payment of any Taxes so deducted or withheld. The Issuer or the relevant Guarantor will furnish to the Trustee (or to a Holder upon request), within 60 days after the date the payment of any Taxes so deducted or withheld is made, certified copies of Tax receipts evidencing payment by the Issuer or a Guarantor, as the case may be, or if, notwithstanding such entity’s efforts to obtain receipts, receipts are not obtained, other evidence of payments (reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee) by such entity.
(d) Whenever in the Indenture or this Note there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of amounts based upon the principal amount of the Notes or of principal, interest or of any other amount payable under, or with respect to, any of the Notes or any Note Guarantee, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof.
(e) The preceding obligations will survive any termination, defeasance or discharge of the Indenture, any transfer by a holder or beneficial owner of its Notes, and will apply, mutatis
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mutandis, to any jurisdiction in which any successor Person to the Issuer (or any Guarantor) is incorporated, engaged in business, organized or resident for tax purposes, or any jurisdiction from or through which payment is made under or with respect to the Notes (or any Note Guarantee) by or on behalf of such Person and, in each case, any political subdivision thereof or therein.
3. Method of Payment
The Issuer shall pay interest on this Note (except defaulted interest) to the Holder at the close of business on the Record Date for the next Interest Payment Date even if this Note is cancelled after the Record Date and on or before the Interest Payment Date. The Issuer shall pay principal and interest in U.S. Dollars in immediately available funds that at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts; provided that payment of interest may be made at the option of the Issuer by check mailed to the Holder.
The amount of payments in respect of interest on each Interest Payment Date shall correspond to the aggregate principal amount of Notes represented by this Note, as established by the Registrar at the close of business on the relevant Record Date. Payments of principal shall be made upon surrender of this Note to the Paying Agent.
4. Paying Agent and Registrar
Initially, U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association or one of its affiliates will act as Principal Paying Agent and Registrar. The Issuer or any of its Affiliates may act as Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar.
5. Indenture
The Issuer issued this Note under an indenture dated as of October 15, 2025 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Indenture”), among, inter alios, the Issuer, the guarantors party thereto, U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Principal Paying Agent, Transfer Agent and Registrar. The terms of this Note include those stated in the Indenture. Terms defined in the Indenture and not defined herein have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Indenture. To the extent any provision of this Note conflicts with the express provisions of the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture shall govern and be controlling.
6. Optional Redemption
The Issuer may, at its option, redeem the Notes as a whole at any time or in part from time to time, at any time prior to February 1, 2029 (the “Par Call Date”), on at least 10 days’ but not more than 60 days’ prior notice, delivered to each Holder of the Notes to be redeemed, at a Redemption Price equal to the greater of:
(i) 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, and
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(ii) the sum of the present values of the Remaining Scheduled Payments (as defined below), discounted to the Redemption Date computed using a discount rate equal to the Treasury Rate (as defined below) plus 50 basis points;
plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the Redemption Date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date).
On or after the Par Call Date, the Issuer may, at its option, redeem the Notes as a whole at any time or in part from time to time, on at least 10 days, but not more than 60 days, prior notice delivered to each Holder of the Notes to be redeemed, at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the Redemption Date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date).
“Remaining Scheduled Payments” means, with respect to the Notes to be redeemed, the remaining scheduled payments of the principal and interest thereon (less interest accrued to the Redemption Date) that would be due if the Notes matured on the Par Call Date.
“Treasury Rate” means, with respect to any Redemption Date, the weekly average rounded to the nearest 1/100th of a percentage point (for the most recently completed week for which such information is available as of the date that is two Business Days prior to such Redemption Date) of the yield to maturity of United States Treasury Securities with a constant maturity (as compiled and published in Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15 with respect to each applicable day during such week or, if such Statistical Release is no longer published, any publicly available source of similar market data) most nearly equal to the period from such Redemption Date to the Par Call Date; provided, however, that if the period from such Redemption Date to the Par Call Date is not equal to the constant maturity of a United States Treasury Security for which such a yield is given, the Treasury Rate shall be obtained by linear interpolation (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth of a year) from the weekly average yields of United States Treasury Securities for which such yields are given, except that if the period from such Redemption Date to the Par Call Date is less than one year, the weekly average yield on actually traded United States Treasury Securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one year shall be used.
The Issuer’s actions and determinations in determining the redemption price shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error.
On and after the Redemption Date, interest will cease to accrue on the Notes or any portion thereof called for redemption, unless the Issuer defaults in the payment of the applicable Redemption Price and accrued and unpaid interest.
Any optional redemption shall be subject to the terms of Article Three of the Indenture (including, without limitation, the right of the Issuer to send a redemption notice earlier than 60 days prior to the applicable Redemption Date under certain circumstances).
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7. Redemption for Changes in Taxes
The Issuer may redeem the Notes, in whole but not in part, at its discretion at any time upon giving not less than 10 nor more than 60 days’ prior written notice to the Holders of the Notes (which notice shall be irrevocable and given in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 3.04 of the Indenture), at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date fixed by the Issuer for redemption (a “Tax Redemption Date”) and all Additional Amounts (if any) then due or which will become due on the Tax Redemption Date as a result of the redemption or otherwise (subject to the right of Holders on the relevant Record Date to receive interest due on the relevant Interest Payment Date and Additional Amounts (if any) in respect thereof), if the Issuer determines, based upon an opinion of independent counsel of recognized standing, that on the next date on which any amount would be payable in respect of the Notes or Note Guarantee, the Issuer or any Guarantor is or would be required to pay Additional Amounts (but, in the case of a Guarantor, only if the payment giving rise to such requirement cannot be made by the Issuer or another Guarantor without the obligation to pay Additional Amounts), and the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor cannot avoid any such payment obligation by taking reasonable measures available (including, for the avoidance of doubt, appointment of a new Paying Agent but excluding the reincorporation or reorganization of the Issuer or any Guarantor), and the requirement arises as a result of: (1) any change in, or amendment to, the laws (or any regulations or rulings promulgated thereunder) of the relevant Tax Jurisdiction which change or amendment is announced and becomes effective after the Issue Date (or if the applicable Tax Jurisdiction became a Tax Jurisdiction on a date after the Issue Date, after such later date); or (2) any change in, or amendment to, the official application, administration or interpretation of such laws, regulations or rulings (including by virtue of a holding, judgment or order by a court of competent jurisdiction or a change in published practice), which change or amendment is announced and becomes effective after the Issue Date (or if the applicable Tax Jurisdiction became a Tax Jurisdiction on a date after the Issue Date, after such later date) (each of the foregoing clauses (1) and (2), a “Change in Tax Law”).
The Issuer shall not give any such notice of redemption earlier than 60 days prior to the earliest date on which the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor would be obligated to make such payment or Additional Amounts if a payment in respect of the Notes or Note Guarantee were then due and at the time such notice is given, the obligation to pay Additional Amounts must remain in effect. Prior to the delivery of any notice of redemption of the Notes pursuant to the foregoing, the Issuer shall deliver the Trustee an opinion of independent tax counsel of recognized standing qualified under the laws of the relevant Tax Jurisdiction (which counsel shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee) to the effect that there has been a Change in Tax Law which would entitle the Issuer to redeem the Notes hereunder. In addition, before the Issuer delivers notice of redemption of the Notes as described above, it shall deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate to the effect that it cannot avoid its obligation to pay Additional Amounts by the Issuer or the relevant Guarantor taking reasonable measures available to it.
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The Trustee will accept and shall be entitled to rely on such Officer’s Certificate and opinion of counsel as sufficient evidence of the existence and satisfaction of the conditions as described above, in which event it will be conclusive and binding on all of the Holders.
The foregoing provisions of this paragraph 7 will apply, mutatis mutandis, to any successor of the Issuer (or any Guarantor) with respect to a Change in Tax Law occurring after the time such Person becomes successor to the Issuer (or any Guarantor).
8. Repurchase at the Option of Holders
Upon a Change of Control Triggering Event, the Holders shall have the right to require the Company to offer to repurchase the Notes pursuant to Section 4.05 of the Indenture.
9. Denominations
The Notes (including this Note) are in denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof of principal amount at maturity. The transfer of Notes (including this Note) may be registered, and Notes (including this Note) may be exchanged, as provided in the Indenture. The Registrar may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture.
10. Unclaimed Money
All moneys paid by the Issuer or the Guarantors to the Trustee or a Paying Agent for the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, this Note or any other Note that remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable may be repaid to the Issuer or the Guarantors, subject to applicable law, and the Holder of such Note thereafter may look only to the Issuer or the Guarantors for payment thereof.
11. Discharge and Defeasance
The Notes shall be subject to defeasance, satisfaction and discharge as provided in Article Eight of the Indenture.
12. Amendment, Supplement and Waiver
The Note Documents may be amended or modified as provided in Article Nine of the Indenture.
13. Defaults and Remedies
This Note and the other Notes have the Events of Default as set forth in Section 6.01 of the Indenture.
14. Trustee Dealings with the Issuer
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The Trustee under the Indenture, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Notes and may otherwise deal with and collect obligations owed to it by the Issuer, the Guarantors or any of their Affiliates with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Paying Agent, Registrar, co-Registrar or co-Paying Agent may do the same with like rights.
15. No Recourse Against Others
A director, officer, employee, incorporator, member or shareholder, as such, of the Issuer or the Guarantors shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Issuer or the Guarantors under this Note, the other Notes, the Note Guarantees or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting a Note, each Holder shall waive and release all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Notes.
16. Authentication
This Note shall not be valid until an authorized officer of the Trustee (or an authenticating agent) manually signs the certificate of authentication on the other side of this Note.
17. Abbreviations
Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= Custodian), and U/G/M/A (= Uniform Gifts to Minors Act).
18. ISIN and/or CUSIP Numbers
The Issuer may cause ISIN and/or CUSIP numbers to be printed on the Notes, and if so, the Trustee shall use ISIN and/or CUSIP numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers either as printed on the Notes or as contained in any notice of redemption, and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers placed on the Notes.
19. Governing Law
THIS NOTE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICT OF LAW RULES THEREOF.
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ASSIGNMENT FORM
To assign and transfer this Note, fill in the form below:
(I) or (the Issuer) assign and transfer this Note to
(Insert assignee’s social security or tax I.D. no.)
(Print or type assignee’s name, address and postal code)
and irrevocably appoint ___________________ agent to transfer this Note on the books of the Issuer. The agent may substitute another to act for him.
Your Signature:
(Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of this Note)
(Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of this Note)
Signature Guarantee:
(Participant in a recognized signature guarantee medallion program)
(Participant in a recognized signature guarantee medallion program)
Date:
Certifying Signature
In connection with any transfer of any Notes evidenced by this certificate occurring prior to the date that is one year after the later of the date of original issuance of such Notes and the last date, if any, on which the Notes were owned by the Issuer or any of its Affiliates, the undersigned confirms that such Notes are being transferred in accordance with the transfer restrictions set forth in such Notes and:
CHECK ONE BOX BELOW
(1) ☐ to the Issuer, Carnival plc or any respective Subsidiary thereof; or
(2) ☐ pursuant to an effective registration statement under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933; or
(3) ☐ pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 144A under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933; or
(4) ☐ pursuant to and in compliance with Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933; or
(5) ☐ pursuant to another available exemption from the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933.
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Unless one of the boxes is checked, the Trustee will refuse to register any of the Notes evidenced by this certificate in the name of any person other than the registered Holder thereof; provided, however, that if box (3) is checked, by executing this form, the Transferor is deemed to have certified that such Notes are being transferred to a person it reasonably believes is a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, who has received notice that such transfer is being made in reliance on Rule 144A; if box (4) is checked, by executing this form, the Transferor is deemed to have certified that such transfer is made pursuant to an offer and sale that occurred outside the United States in compliance with Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act; and if box (5) is checked, the Trustee may require, prior to registering any such transfer of the Notes, such legal opinions, certifications and other information as the Issuer reasonably requests to confirm that such transfer is being made pursuant to an exemption from or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933.
Signature: __________________
Signature Guarantee: __________________
(Participant in a recognized signature guarantee medallion program)
(Participant in a recognized signature guarantee medallion program)
Certifying Signature: __________________ Date: ____________________
Signature Guarantee: __________________
(Participant in a recognized signature guarantee medallion program)
(Participant in a recognized signature guarantee medallion program)
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OPTION OF HOLDER TO ELECT PURCHASE
If you want to elect to have this Note or a portion thereof repurchased pursuant to Section 4.05 of the Indenture, check the box: ☐
If the purchase is in part, indicate the portion (in denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof) to be purchased:
Your Signature: __________________
(Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of this Note)
(Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of this Note)
Date:
Certifying Signature: __________________
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SCHEDULE A
SCHEDULE OF PRINCIPAL AMOUNT IN THE GLOBAL NOTE
The following exchanges of a part of this Global Note for an interest in another Global Note or for a Definitive Registered Note, or exchanges of a part of another Global Note or Definitive Registered Note for an interest in this Global Note, have been made:
| Date of Decrease/ Increase | Amount of Decrease in Principal Amount | Amount of Increase in Principal Amount | Principal Amount Following such Decrease/Increase | Signature of authorized officer of Registrar | ||||||||||
Schedule A-1
EXHIBIT B
FORM OF TRANSFER CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFER FROM RESTRICTED
GLOBAL NOTE TO REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE5
GLOBAL NOTE TO REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE5
(Transfers pursuant to § 2.06(b)(ii) of the Indenture)
U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association
U.S. Bank Global Corporate Trust Services
60 Livingston Avenue
St. Paul, Minnesota 55017
EP-MN-WS3C
Attention: Transfer Agent
Re: 5.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 (the “Notes”)
Reference is hereby made to the Indenture dated as of October 15, 2025 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Indenture”) among, inter alios, Carnival Corporation, a Panamanian corporation, as Issuer, the guarantors party thereto, as Guarantors, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given them in the Indenture.
This letter relates to $________ aggregate principal amount of Notes that are held as a beneficial interest in the form of the Restricted Global Note (CUSIP No.: [●]6 / ISIN No.: [●]7) with DTC in the name of [name of transferor] (the “Transferor”). The Transferor has requested an exchange or transfer of such beneficial interest for an equivalent beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP No.: [●]8 / ISIN No.: [●]9).
In connection with such request, the Transferor does hereby certify that such transfer has been effected in accordance with the transfer restrictions set forth in the Notes and:
(a) with respect to transfers made in reliance on Regulation S (“Regulation S”) under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “U.S. Securities Act”), does certify that:
(i) the offer of the Notes was not made to a person in the United States;
5 If the Note is a Definitive Registered Note, appropriate changes need to be made to the form of this transfer certificate.
6 Issue Date Rule 144A CUSIP: 143658 CB6.
7 Issue Date Rule 144A ISIN: US143658CB65.
8 Issue Date Regulation S CUSIP: P2121V AW4.
9 Issue Date Regulation S ISIN: USP2121VAW48.
B-1
(ii) either (i) at the time the buy order is originated the transferee is outside the United States or the Transferor and any person acting on its behalf reasonably believe that the transferee is outside the United States; or (ii) the transaction was executed in, on or through the facilities of a designated offshore securities market described in paragraph (b) of Rule 902 of Regulation S and neither the Transferor nor any person acting on its behalf knows that the transaction was pre-arranged with a buyer in the United States;
(iii) no directed selling efforts have been made in the United States by the Transferor, an affiliate thereof or any person their behalf in contravention of the requirements of Rule 903 or 904 of Regulation S, as applicable;
(iv) the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act; and
(v) the Transferor is not the Issuer, a distributor of the Notes, an affiliate of the Issuer or any such distributor (except any officer or director who is an affiliate solely by virtue of holding such position) or a person acting on behalf of any of the foregoing.
(b) with respect to transfers made in reliance on Rule 144 the Transferor certifies that the Notes are being transferred in a transaction permitted by Rule 144 under the U.S. Securities Act.
You, the Issuer, the Guarantors and the Trustee are entitled to rely upon this letter and are irrevocably authorized to produce this letter or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceedings or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered hereby. Terms used in this certificate have the meanings set forth in Regulation S.
[Name of Transferor]
By: __________________
Name:
Title:
Name:
Title:
Date:
cc:
Attn:
Attn:
B-2
EXHIBIT C
FORM OF TRANSFER CERTIFICATE FOR TRANSFER FROM REGULATION S
GLOBAL NOTE TO RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE
GLOBAL NOTE TO RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE
(Transfers pursuant to § 2.06(b)(iii) of the Indenture)
U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association
U.S. Bank Global Corporate Trust Services
60 Livingston Avenue
St. Paul, Minnesota 55017EP-MN-WS3C
Attention: Transfer Agent
Re: 5.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 (the “Notes”)
Reference is hereby made to the Indenture dated as of October 15, 2025 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Indenture”) among, inter alios, Carnival Corporation, a Panamanian corporation, as Issuer, the guarantors party thereto, as Guarantors, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given them in the Indenture.
This letter relates to $_______ aggregate principal amount at maturity of Notes that are held in the form of the Regulation S Global Note with DTC (CUSIP No.: [●]10 / ISIN No.: [●]11) in the name of [name of transferor] (the “Transferor”) to effect the transfer of the Notes in exchange for an equivalent beneficial interest in the Restricted Global Note (CUSIP No.: [●]12 / ISIN No.: [●]13).
In connection with such request, and in respect of such Notes the Transferor does hereby certify that such Notes are being transferred in accordance with the transfer restrictions set forth in the Notes and that:
CHECK ONE BOX BELOW:
☐ the Transferor is relying on Rule 144A under the Securities Act for exemption from such Act’s registration requirements; it is transferring such Notes to a person it reasonably believes is a QIB as defined in Rule 144A that purchases for its own account, or for the account of a qualified institutional buyer, and to whom the Transferor has given notice that the transfer is made in reliance on Rule 144A and the transfer is being made in accordance with any applicable securities laws of any state of the United States; or
10 Issue Date Regulation S CUSIP: P2121V AW4.
11 Issue Date Regulation S ISIN: USP2121VAW48.
12 Issue Date Rule 144A CUSIP: 143658 CB6.
13 Issue Date Rule 144A ISIN: US143658CB65.
C-1
☐ the Transferor is relying on an exemption other than Rule 144A from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, subject to the Issuer’s and the Trustee’s right prior to any such offer, sale or transfer to require the delivery of an Opinion of Counsel, certification and/or other information satisfactory to each of them.
You, the Issuer, the Guarantors, and the Trustee are entitled to rely upon this letter and are irrevocably authorized to produce this letter or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceedings or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered hereby.
[Name of Transferor]
By: __________________
Name:
Title:
Name:
Title:
Date:
cc:
Attn:
Attn:
C-2
EXHIBIT D
FORM OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE dated as of [●], 20[●] (this “Supplemental Indenture”) by and among Carnival Corporation (the “Issuer”), the other parties listed as New Guarantors on the signature pages hereto (each, a “New Guarantor” and, collectively, the “New Guarantors”) and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (in such capacity, the “Trustee”).
W I T N E S S E T H
WHEREAS, the Issuer, the Trustee and the other parties thereto have heretofore executed and delivered an Indenture, dated as of October 15, 2025 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Indenture”), providing for the issuance of 5.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 of the Issuer initially in the aggregate principal amount of $1,250,000,000 (the “Notes”);
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 9.01 of the Indenture, the Issuer and the Trustee are authorized to execute and deliver this Supplemental Indenture; and
WHEREAS, all necessary acts have been done to make this Supplemental Indenture a legal, valid and binding agreement of each New Guarantor in accordance with the terms of this Supplemental Indenture.
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties mutually covenant and agree for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
DEFINITIONS
SECTION 1.1 Capitalized Terms. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.
ARTICLE II
AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
SECTION 2.1 Agreement to Guarantee. The New Guarantor acknowledges that it has received and reviewed a copy of the Indenture and all other documents it deems necessary to review in order to enter into this Supplemental Indenture, and acknowledges and agrees to (i) join and become a party to the Indenture as indicated by its signature below; (ii) be bound by the Indenture, as of the date hereof, as if made by, and with respect to, each signatory hereto; and (iii) perform all obligations and duties required of a Guarantor pursuant to the Indenture. The New Guarantor hereby agrees to provide a Note Guarantee on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Indenture, including, but not limited to, Article Ten thereof.
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SECTION 2.2 Execution and Delivery. The New Guarantor agrees that the Note Guarantee shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the absence of the endorsement of any notation of such Note Guarantee on the Notes.
[SECTION 2.3 Guarantee Limitations. Schedule IV of the Indenture is hereby amended by adding the following:
[New Guarantee Limitation Language].]
ARTICLE III
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 3.1 Governing Law. THIS SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
SECTION 3.2 Severability. In case any provision in this Supplemental Indenture shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
SECTION 3.3 Ratification. Except as expressly amended hereby, the Indenture is in all respects ratified and confirmed and all the terms, conditions and provisions thereof shall remain in full force and effect. This Supplemental Indenture shall form a part of the Indenture for all purposes, and every Holder heretofore or hereafter shall be bound hereby. The Trustee makes no representation or warranty as to the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture.
SECTION 3.4 Counterparts. The parties may sign any number of copies of this Supplemental Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement. One signed copy is enough to prove this Supplemental Indenture. The exchange of copies of this Supplemental Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or other electronic transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Supplemental Indenture as to the parties hereto. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or other electronic transmission shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.
SECTION 3.5 Effect of Headings. The headings herein are convenience of reference only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
SECTION 3.6 The Trustee. The Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture or for or in respect of the recitals contained herein, all of which recitals are made solely by the New Guarantor.
SECTION 3.7 Benefits Acknowledged. The New Guarantor’s Note Guarantee is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Indenture. The New Guarantor acknowledges that it will receive direct and indirect benefits from the financing arrangements contemplated by the Indenture and this Supplemental Indenture and that the guarantee and waivers made by it
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pursuant to its Note Guarantee and this Supplemental Indenture are knowingly made in contemplation of such benefits.
SECTION 3.8 Successors. All agreements of the New Guarantor in this Supplemental Indenture shall bind its successors, except as otherwise provided in this Supplemental Indenture. All agreements of the Trustee in this Supplemental Indenture shall bind its successors.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed, all as of the date first above written.
ISSUER:
CARNIVAL CORPORATION
By: __________________
Name:
Title:
Name:
Title:
NEW GUARANTORS:
[NEW GUARANTORS]
By: __________________
Name:
Title:
Name:
Title:
TRUSTEE:
U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee
U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee
By: __________________
Name:
Title:
Name:
Title:
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Exhibit 21
SUBSIDIARIES OF CARNIVAL CORPORATION AND CARNIVAL PLC
The following is a list of all of our subsidiaries, their jurisdiction of incorporation and the names under which they do business.
| Name of Subsidiary | Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization | ||||
| 1972 Productions, Inc. | Florida | ||||
| A.J. Juneau Dock, LLC | Alaska | ||||
| AIDA Kundencenter GmbH | Germany | ||||
| Air-Sea Holiday GmbH | Switzerland | ||||
| Alaska Hotel Properties LLC | Delaware | ||||
| Amber Cove Cruise Terminal S.A.S. | Dominican Republic | ||||
| Barcelona Cruise Terminal SLU | Spain | ||||
| Bay Island Cruise Port, S.A. | Honduras | ||||
| Belize Cruise Terminal Limited | Belize | ||||
| Carnival (UK) Limited | United Kingdom | ||||
| Carnival Bahamas FC Limited | Bahamas | ||||
| Carnival Bahamas Holdings Limited | Bahamas | ||||
| Carnival Corporation Hong Kong Limited | Hong Kong | ||||
| Carnival Corporation Korea Ltd. | Republic of Korea | ||||
| Carnival Corporation Ports Group Japan KK | Japan | ||||
| Carnival Finance, LLC | Delaware | ||||
| Carnival Grand Bahama Investments Limited | Bahamas | ||||
| Carnival Investments Limited | Bahamas | ||||
| Carnival Japan, Inc. | Japan | ||||
| Carnival License Holdings Limited | Bahamas | ||||
| Carnival Maritime GmbH | Germany | ||||
| Carnival Port Holdings Limited | United Kingdom | ||||
| Carnival Support Services India Private Limited | India | ||||
| Carnival Technical Services (UK) Limited | United Kingdom | ||||
| Carnival Technical Services Finland Limited | Finland | ||||
| Carnival Technical Services GmbH | Germany | ||||
| CC U.S. Ventures, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
| CCL NB 6371 Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| CCL NB 6372 Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| CCL NB 6373 Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| Costa Crociere S.p.A. | Italy | ||||
| Costa Cruceros S.A. | Argentina | ||||
| Costa Cruise Lines Inc. | Florida | ||||
| Costa Cruises Customer Center S.L.U. | Spain | ||||
| Costa Cruises Shipping Services (Shanghai) Company Limited | China | ||||
| Costa Cruises Travel Agency (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | China | ||||
| Costa Cruzeiros Agencia Maritima e Turismo Ltda. | Brazil | ||||
| Costa International B.V. | Netherlands | ||||
| Costa Kreuzfahrten GmbH | Switzerland | ||||
Exhibit 21
| Name of Subsidiary | Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization | ||||
| Cozumel Cruise Terminal S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | ||||
| Cruise Administration Services, Inc. | Philippines | ||||
| Cruise Ships Catering & Services International N.V. | Curacao | ||||
| Cruise Terminal Services, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | ||||
| Cruiseport Curacao C.V. | Curacao | ||||
| CSMART Real Estate B.V. | Netherlands | ||||
| CSMART Real Estate C.V. | Netherlands | ||||
| D.R. Cruise Port, Ltd. | Bahamas | ||||
| D.R. Cruise Port II, Ltd. | Bahamas | ||||
| F.P.M. SAS | French Polynesia | ||||
| F.P.P. SAS | French Polynesia | ||||
| Fleet Maritime Services (Bermuda) Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| Fleet Maritime Services Holdings (Bermuda) Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| Fleet Maritime Services International Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| Gibs, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
| Global Experience Innovators, Inc. | Florida | ||||
| Global Fine Arts, Inc. | Florida | ||||
| Global Shipping Service (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | China | ||||
| Grand Cruise Shipping Unipessoal LdA | Portugal | ||||
| Grand Turk Cruise Center Ltd. | Turks & Caicos | ||||
| GXI, LLC | Delaware | ||||
| HAL Antillen Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| HAL Beheer B.V. | Netherlands | ||||
| HAL Maritime Ltd. | British Virgin Islands | ||||
| HAL Properties Limited | Bahamas | ||||
| HAL Services B.V. | Netherlands | ||||
| Holding Division Iberocruceros SLU | Spain | ||||
| Holland America Line Inc. | Washington | ||||
| Holland America Line Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| Holland America Line - USA Inc. | Delaware | ||||
| HSE Hamburg School of Entertainment GmbH | Germany | ||||
| Ibero Cruzeiros Ltda. | Brazil | ||||
| Iberocruceros SLU | Spain | ||||
| Information Assistance Corporation. | Bermuda | ||||
| International Cruise Services, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | ||||
| International Leisure Travel Inc. | Panama | ||||
| International Maritime Recruitment Agency, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | ||||
| Italy Cruise Investment S.r.L. | Italy | ||||
| Milestone N.V. | Curacao | ||||
| Navitrans S.R.L. | Italy | ||||
| P&O Princess American Holdings | United Kingdom | ||||
| P&O Princess Cruises International Limited | United Kingdom | ||||
| P&O Properties (California), Inc. | California | ||||
| Piccapietra Finance S.r.l. | Italy | ||||
Exhibit 21
| Name of Subsidiary | Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization | ||||
| Prestige Cruises N.V. | Curacao | ||||
| Princess Cays Ltd. | Bahamas | ||||
| Princess Cruises Corporation Inc. | Panama | ||||
| Princess Cruise Lines, Ltd. | Bermuda | ||||
| Princess Cruises and Tours, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
| Princess U.S. Holdings, Inc. | California | ||||
| RCT Maintenance & Related Services S.A. | Honduras | ||||
| RCT Pilots & Related Services, S.A. | Honduras | ||||
| RCT Security & Related Services S.A. | Honduras | ||||
| Roatan Cruise Terminal S.A. de C.V. | Honduras | ||||
| Royal Hyway Tours, Inc. | Alaska | ||||
| Santa Cruz Terminal, S.L. | Spain | ||||
| Seabourn Cruise Line Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| SeaVacations Limited | United Kingdom | ||||
| SeaVacations UK Limited | United Kingdom | ||||
| Ship Care (Bahamas) Limited | Bahamas | ||||
| Sitmar Cruises Inc. | Panama | ||||
| Spanish Cruise Services N.V. | Curacao | ||||
| Sunshine Shipping Corporation Ltd. | Bermuda | ||||
| Sun Princess Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| Sun Princess II Limited | Bermuda | ||||
| T&T International, Inc. | Texas | ||||
| Tour Alaska, LLC | Delaware | ||||
| Transnational Services Corporation. | Panama | ||||
| Trident Insurance Company Ltd. | Bermuda | ||||
| Westmark Hotels of Canada, Ltd. | Canada | ||||
| Westmark Hotels, Inc. | Alaska | ||||
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the joint Registration Statements on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-106553, 333-106553-01, 333-276711, and 333-276711-01) of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc, the joint Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-237616, 333-237616-01, 333-257471, 333-257471-01, 333-272977, 333-272977-01, 333-288351, and 333-288351-01) of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc, the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 033-63563) of Carnival Corporation, the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Nos. 33-51195) of Carnival Corporation and the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-124640 and 333-104609) of Carnival plc of our report dated January 27, 2026, relating to the financial statements of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc and the effectiveness of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc’s internal control over financial reporting appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2025.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Miami, Florida
January 27, 2026
Exhibit 23.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the joint Registration Statements on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-106553, 333-106553-01, 333-276711, and 333-276711-01) of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc, the joint Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-237616, 333-237616-01, 333-257471, 333-257471-01, 333-272977, 333-272977-01, 333-288351, and 333-288351-01) of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc, the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 33-63563) of Carnival Corporation, the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-51195) of Carnival Corporation and the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-124640 and 333-104609) of Carnival plc of our report dated January 26, 2024, relating to the financial statements, which appears in this Form 10-K.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Miami, Florida
January 27, 2026
Miami, Florida
January 27, 2026
Exhibit 24
POWER OF ATTORNEY
The undersigned directors of Carnival Corporation, a company incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Panama, and Carnival plc, a company organized and existing under the laws of England and Wales, do and each of them does, hereby constitute and appoint Josh Weinstein, David Bernstein and Enrique Miguez, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them with full power to act without the others, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, to sign the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc joint Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the year ended November 30, 2025 and any and all future amendments thereto; and to file said Form 10-K and any such amendments with all exhibits thereto, and any and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have hereunto set their hands and seals on this 7th day of October, 2025.
| CARNIVAL CORPORATION | CARNIVAL PLC | |||||||
| /s/ Micky Arison | /s/ Micky Arison | |||||||
| Micky Arison | Micky Arison | |||||||
| Chair of the Board of Directors | Chair of the Board of Directors | |||||||
| /s/ Sir Jonathon Band | /s/ Sir Jonathon Band | |||||||
| Sir Jonathon Band | Sir Jonathon Band | |||||||
| Director | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Jason Glen Cahilly | /s/ Jason Glen Cahilly | |||||||
| Jason Glen Cahilly | Jason Glen Cahilly | |||||||
| Director | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Nelda J. Connors | /s/ Nelda J. Connors | |||||||
| Nelda J. Connors | Nelda J. Connors | |||||||
| Director | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Helen Deeble | /s/ Helen Deeble | |||||||
| Helen Deeble | Helen Deeble | |||||||
| Director | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Jeffrey J. Gearhart | /s/ Jeffrey J. Gearhart | |||||||
| Jeffrey J. Gearhart | Jeffrey J. Gearhart | |||||||
| Director | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Katie Lahey | /s/ Katie Lahey | |||||||
| Katie Lahey | Katie Lahey | |||||||
| Director | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Stuart Subotnick | /s/ Stuart Subotnick | |||||||
| Stuart Subotnick | Stuart Subotnick | |||||||
| Director | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Laura Weil | /s/ Laura Weil | |||||||
| Laura Weil | Laura Weil | |||||||
| Director | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Randall Weisenburger | /s/ Randall Weisenburger | |||||||
| Randall Weisenburger | Randall Weisenburger | |||||||
| Director | Director | |||||||
Exhibit 31.1
I, Josh Weinstein, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Carnival Corporation;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: January 27, 2026
/s/ Josh Weinstein
Josh Weinstein
Chief Executive Officer
Exhibit 31.2
I, David Bernstein, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Carnival Corporation;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: January 27, 2026
/s/ David Bernstein
David Bernstein
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
Exhibit 31.3
I, Josh Weinstein, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Carnival plc;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: January 27, 2026
/s/ Josh Weinstein
Josh Weinstein
Chief Executive Officer
Exhibit 31.4
I, David Bernstein, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Carnival plc;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: January 27, 2026
/s/ David Bernstein
David Bernstein
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
Exhibit 32.1
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2025 as filed by Carnival Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Carnival Corporation.
Date: January 27, 2026
/s/ Josh Weinstein
Josh Weinstein
Chief Executive Officer
Exhibit 32.2
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2025 as filed by Carnival Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Carnival Corporation.
Date: January 27, 2026
/s/ David Bernstein
David Bernstein
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
Exhibit 32.3
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2025 as filed by Carnival plc with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Carnival plc.
Date: January 27, 2026
/s/ Josh Weinstein
Josh Weinstein
Chief Executive Officer
Exhibit 32.4
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2025 as filed by Carnival plc with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Carnival plc.
Date: January 27, 2026
/s/ David Bernstein
David Bernstein
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer