Cohu Inc 10-Q for FY2020 Q2
Cohu Inc (COHU)
About this 10-Q
Cohu Inc filed this 10-Q on August 4, 2020, covering the quarter ended June 27, 2020 (FY2020 Q2).
Headline figures
Quarter ended June 27, 2020, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $144.08M
- down 4.0% from $150.01M a year earlier
- Net loss
- $4.74M
- compared with a net loss of $19.32M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- -$0.11
- compared with -$0.47 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
| | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
OR
| | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number
COHU, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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| incorporation or organization) |
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Registrant's telephone number, including area code (
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Exchange on Which Registered |
| | | |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes
As of July 28, 2020 the Registrant had
INDEX
FORM 10-Q
JUNE 27, 2020
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS |
| (in thousands, except par value) |
| June 27, | December 28, | |||||||
| 2020 | 2019 * | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Short-term investments | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Assets held for sale | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Other current assets | ||||||||
| Current assets of discontinued operations (Note 10) | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right of use assets | ||||||||
| Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations (Note 10) | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | $ | $ | ||||||
| Current installments of long-term debt | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Customer advances | ||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | ||||||||
| Deferred profit | ||||||||
| Accrued warranty | ||||||||
| Income taxes payable | ||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | ||||||||
| Current liabilities of discontinued operations (Note 10) | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accrued retirement benefits | ||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ||||||||
| Noncurrent income tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||
| Long-term lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | ||||||||
| Noncurrent liabilities of discontinued operations (Note 10) | ||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, par value; shares authorized, issued | ||||||||
| Common stock, par value; shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding in 2020 and shares in 2019 | ||||||||
| Paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| * Derived from December 28, 2019 audited financial statements |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS |
| (Unaudited) |
| (in thousands, except per share amounts) |
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 27, | June 29, | June 27, | June 29, | |||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Cost and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales (1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of purchased intangible assets | ||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment charges | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other (expense) income: | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign transaction loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax provision (benefit) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income from discontinued operations | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Cohu | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss per share: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic: | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before noncontrolling interest | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Income from discontinued operations | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Cohu | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Diluted: | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before noncontrolling interest | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Income from discontinued operations | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Cohu | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weighted average shares used in computing loss per share: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared per share | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| (1) |
Excludes amortization of $7,256 and $7,625 for the three months ended June 27, 2020, and June 29, 2019, respectively, and $14,522 and $15,266 for the six months ended June 27, 2020, and June 29, 2019, respectively. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS |
| (Unaudited) |
| (in thousands) |
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 27, | June 29, | June 27, | June 29, | |||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Cohu | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Adjustments related to postretirement benefits | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Cohu | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to Cohu | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
| (in thousands, except par value and per share amounts) |
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common | other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| stock | Paid-in | Retained | comprehensive | Noncontrolling | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 27, 2020 | $1 par value | capital | earnings | loss | interest | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 28, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in cumulative translation adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued under ESPP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for restricted stock units vested | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 27, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Six Months Ended June 27, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 28, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in cumulative translation adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends - per share | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued under ESPP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for restricted stock units vested | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 27, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 29, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 30, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in cumulative translation adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments related to postretirement benefits, net of tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends - per share | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued under ESPP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for restricted stock units vested | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 29, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Six Months Ended June 29, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 29, 2018 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect of accounting change(a) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in cumulative translation adjustment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments related to postretirement benefits, net of tax | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends - per share | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued under ESPP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for restricted stock units vested | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 29, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||
| (a) |
Cumulative effect of accounting change relates to our adoption of ASU 2016-02. Please refer to Note 1 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail on the adoption of this accounting standard. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
| (Unaudited) |
| (in thousands) |
| Six Months Ended | ||||||||
| June 27, | June 29, | |||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Cohu | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
| Gain on disposal of discontinued operation | ( | ) | ||||||
| Impairment charges related to indefinite lived intangibles | ||||||||
| Loss on disposal of assets | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | ||||||||
| Amortization of inventory step-up and inventory related charges | ||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Increase in accrued retiree medical benefits | ||||||||
| Changes in other accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Changes in other assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Amortization of cloud-based software implementation costs | ||||||||
| Interest capitalized associated with cloud computing implementation | ( | ) | ||||||
| Amortization of debt discounts and issuance costs | ||||||||
| Changes in current assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Customer advances | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Deferred profit | ||||||||
| Income taxes payable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accrued compensation, warranty and other liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Current and long-term operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Net cash received from sale of fixtures services business | ||||||||
| Cash received from sale of fixed assets | ||||||||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Cash dividends paid | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Issuance (repurchases) of common stock, net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from revolving line of credit and construction loans | ||||||||
| Repayments of long-term debt | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents including discontinued operations at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents including discontinued operations at end of period | ||||||||
| Cash held by discontinued operations at end of period | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Inventory capitalized as property, plant and equipment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Dividends declared but not yet paid | $ | $ | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment purchases included in accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Capitalized cloud computing service costs included in accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
| 1. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Basis of Presentation
Our fiscal years are based on a 52- or 53-week period ending on the last Saturday in December. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 28, 2019, has been derived from our audited financial statements at that date. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 27, 2020, (also referred to as “the second quarter of fiscal 2020” and “the first six months of fiscal 2020”) and June 29, 2019, (also referred to as “the second quarter of fiscal 2019” and “the first six months of fiscal 2019”) are unaudited. However, in management’s opinion, these financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal, recurring items) necessary to provide a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Both the three- and six-month periods ended June 27, 2020 and June 29, 2019, were comprised of 13 and 26 weeks, respectively.
Our interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that should be expected for the full year. For a better understanding of Cohu, Inc. and our financial statements, we recommend reading these interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 28, 2019, which are included in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the following notes to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements, Cohu, Inc. is referred to as “Cohu”, “we”, “our” and “us”.
On December 28, 2019, we divested our entire
All significant consolidated transitions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on our reported results of operations, stockholder’s equity or cash flows.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade accounts receivable. We invest in a variety of financial instruments and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure with any one issuer.
We adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, on December 29, 2019 the first day of our fiscal 2020. The ASU required a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the date of adoption. Periods prior to the adoption that are presented for comparative purposes are not adjusted. Based on our analysis of historical and anticipated collections of trade receivables the impact of adoption of Topic 326 was insignificant. Our trade accounts receivable are presented net of allowance for credit losses, which were insignificant at June 27, 2020 and December 28, 2019. Our customers include semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor test subcontractors throughout many areas of the world. While we believe that our allowance for credit losses is adequate and represents our best estimate at June 27, 2020, we will continue to monitor customer liquidity and other economic conditions, which may result in changes to our estimates regarding collectability.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. Cost includes labor, material and overhead costs. Determining net realizable value of inventories involves numerous estimates and judgments including projecting average selling prices and sales volumes for future periods and costs to complete and dispose of inventory. As a result of these analyses, we record a charge to cost of sales in advance of the period when the inventory is sold when estimated net realizable values are below our costs.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Inventories by category were as follows (in thousands):
| June 27, | December 28, | |||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Raw materials and purchased parts | $ | $ | ||||||
| Work in process | ||||||||
| Finished goods | ||||||||
| Total inventories | $ | $ | ||||||
Assets Held for Sale
As part of our previously announced Xcerra integration plan we are implementing certain facility consolidation actions. We expect to complete the sale of our facility located in Rosenheim, Germany in the third quarter of 2020. As a result, this facility is being presented as held for sale at June 27, 2020. See Note 4, “Restructuring Charges” for additional information on this program.
In June 2020, we completed the sale of our facility in Penang Malaysia which resulted in a gain of $
Property, Plant and Equipment
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment, both owned and under financing lease, is calculated principally on the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of to years for buildings, to years for building improvements and to years for machinery, equipment and software. Land is not depreciated.
Property, plant and equipment, at cost, consisted of the following (in thousands):
| June 27, | December 28, | |||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Land and land improvements | $ | $ | ||||||
| Buildings and building improvements | ||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | ||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Segment Information
We applied the provisions of ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, (“ASC 280”), which sets forth a management approach to segment reporting and establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products, major customers and the geographies in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. An operating segment is defined as a component that engages in business activities whose operating results are reviewed by the chief operating decision maker and for which discrete financial information is available. We have determined that our identified operating segments are: Test Handler Group (THG), Semiconductor Tester Group (STG), Interface Solutions Group (ISG) and PCB Test Group (PTG). Our THG, STG and ISG operating segments qualify for aggregation under ASC 280 due to similarities in their customers, their economic characteristics, and the nature of products and services provided. As a result, we report in segments, Semiconductor Test and Inspection Equipment (“Semiconductor Test & Inspection”) and PCB Test Equipment (“PCB Test”).
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles, Other Intangible Assets and Long-lived Assets
We evaluate goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are solely comprised of in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), for impairment annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment by first comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting unit or asset, in the case of in-process research and development. If the fair value is determined to be less than the book value, a second step is performed to compute the amount of impairment as the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and its carrying value, not to exceed the carrying value of goodwill. We estimated the fair values of our reporting units primarily using the income approach valuation methodology that includes the discounted cash flow method, taking into consideration the market approach and certain market multiples as a validation of the values derived using the discounted cash flow methodology. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on our best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on customer forecasts, industry trade organization data and general economic conditions. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors.
We conduct our annual impairment test as of October 1st of each year, and have determined there was
During the first quarter of 2020, the volatility in Cohu’s stock price, the global economic downturn and business interruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic led us to determine that there was a triggering event related to goodwill within all of our identified reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets. We performed an interim assessment as of March 28, 2020 and determined that the fair values of our identified reporting units all exceeded their carrying values and we have concluded there were no impairment of goodwill within our reporting units. Anticipated delays in customer adoption of certain new products under development as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes to future project roadmap and an increase in the discount rate used in the developing our interim fair value estimate resulted in a $
The forecasts utilized in the first quarter interim impairment test were based on known facts and circumstances. We evaluate and consider recent events and uncertain items, as well as related potential implications, as part of our annual and interim assessments and incorporate them into the analyses as appropriate. These facts and circumstances are subject to change and may not be the same as future analyses. In a future period, should we again determine that an interim goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment review is required we may be required to book additional impairment charges which could have a significant negative impact on our results of operations.
Long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, impairment losses are only recorded if the asset’s carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted, probability-weighted future cash flows. We measure the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value. We evaluated the expected undiscounted cashflows of these assets as of March 28, 2020 and determined there was no impairment. During the second quarter of 2020, no events or conditions occurred suggesting an impairment in our long-lived assets.
Product Warranty
Product warranty costs are accrued in the period sales are recognized. Our products are generally sold with standard warranty periods, which differ by product, ranging from
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Restructuring Costs
We record restructuring activities including costs for one-time termination benefits in accordance with ASC Topic 420 (“ASC 420”), Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. The timing of recognition for severance costs accounted for under ASC 420 depends on whether employees are required to render service until they are terminated in order to receive the termination benefits. If employees are required to render service until they are terminated in order to receive the termination benefits, a liability is recognized ratably over the future service period. Otherwise, a liability is recognized when management has committed to a restructuring plan and has communicated those actions to employees. Employee termination benefits covered by existing benefit arrangements are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 712, Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits. These costs are recognized when management has committed to a restructuring plan and the severance costs are probable and estimable.
Debt Issuance Costs
We capitalized costs related to the issuance of debt. Debt issuance costs directly related to our Term B Loan are presented within noncurrent liabilities as a reduction of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amortization of such costs is recognized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the respective debt issue. Amortization related to deferred debt issuance costs and original discount costs was $
Foreign Remeasurement and Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries that use the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency are re-measured using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, except for nonmonetary assets, such as inventories and property, plant and equipment, which are re-measured using historical exchange rates. Revenues and costs are re-measured using average exchange rates for the period, except for costs related to those balance sheet items that are re-measured using historical exchange rates. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized as incurred. During the three and six months ended June 27, 2020, we recognized foreign exchange losses of $
Share-Based Compensation
We measure and recognize all share-based compensation under the fair value method. Our estimate of share-based compensation expense requires a number of complex and subjective assumptions including our stock price volatility, employee exercise patterns (expected life of the options) and related tax effects. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards represent our best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made are reasonable and appropriate, changes in assumptions could materially impact our reported financial results.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Reported share-based compensation is classified, in our condensed consolidated financial statements, as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 27, | June 29, | June 27, | June 29, | |||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Total share-based compensation | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total share-based compensation, net | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted income (loss) per share includes the dilutive effect of common shares potentially issuable upon the exercise of stock options, vesting of outstanding restricted stock and performance stock units and issuance of stock under our employee stock purchase plan using the treasury stock method. In loss periods, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the per share computations due to their anti-dilutive effect. For purposes of computing diluted income (loss) per share, stock options with exercise prices that exceed the average fair market value of our common stock for the period are excluded. For the three and six months ended June 27, 2020, stock options and awards to issue approximately
The following table reconciles the denominators used in computing basic and diluted income (loss) per share (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 27, | June 29, | June 27, | June 29, | |||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares | ||||||||||||||||
| Effect of dilutive securities | ||||||||||||||||
Cohu has utilized the “control number” concept in the computation of diluted earnings per share to determine whether potential common stock instruments are dilutive. The control number used is income from continuing operations. The control number concept requires that the same number of potentially dilutive securities applied in computing diluted earnings per share from continuing operations be applied to all other categories of income or loss, regardless of their anti-dilutive effect on such categories.
Leases
We adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as of December 30, 2018, using the optional transition method which allowed us to record existing leases at adoption and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. We had previously recorded a sale and operating leaseback transaction in accordance with Topic 840 and as a result of the adoption of the new standard, recognized $
We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right of use (“ROU”) assets, current other accrued liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, other current accrued liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the adoption date or the commencement date for leases entered into after the adoption date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rates for the remaining lease terms based on the information available at the adoption date or commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.
The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made, lease incentives, favorable and unfavorable lease terms recognized in business acquisitions and excludes initial direct costs incurred and variable lease payments. Variable lease payments include estimated payments that are subject to reconciliations throughout the lease term, increases or decreases in the contractual rent payments, as a result of changes in indices or interest rates and tax payments that are based on prevailing rates. Our lease terms may include renewal options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. In addition, we include purchase option amounts in our calculations when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. Rent expense for minimum payments under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term.
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet but recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component and include both in our calculation of the ROU assets and lease liabilities.
We sublease certain leased assets to third parties, mainly as a result of unused space in our facilities. None of our subleases contain extension options. Variable lease payments in our subleases include tax payments that are based on prevailing rates. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
Revenue Recognition
Our net sales are derived from the sale of products and services and are adjusted for estimated returns and allowances, which historically have been insignificant. We recognize revenue when the obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of our systems, non-system products or services. In circumstances where control is not transferred until destination or acceptance, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur.
Revenue for established products that have previously satisfied a customer’s acceptance requirements is generally recognized upon shipment. In cases where a prior history of customer acceptance cannot be demonstrated or from sales where customer payment dates are not determinable and in the case of new products, revenue and cost of sales are deferred until customer acceptance has been received. Our post-shipment obligations typically include installation and standard warranties. The relative standalone selling price of installation related revenue is recognized in the period the installation is performed. Service revenue is recognized over time as we transfer control to our customer for the related contract or upon completion of the services if they are short-term in nature. Spares, contactor and kit revenue is generally recognized upon shipment.
Certain of our equipment sales have multiple performance obligations. These arrangements involve the delivery or performance of multiple performance obligations, and transfer of control of performance obligations may occur at different points in time or over different periods of time. For arrangements containing multiple performance obligations, the revenue relating to the undelivered performance obligation is deferred using the relative standalone selling price method utilizing estimated sales prices until satisfaction of the deferred performance obligation.
Unsatisfied performance obligations primarily represent contracts for products with future delivery dates. At June 27, 2020, we have $
We generally sell our equipment with a product warranty. The product warranty provides assurance to customers that delivered products are as specified in the contract (an “assurance-type warranty”). Therefore, we account for such product warranties under ASC 460, Guarantees (ASC 460), and not as a separate performance obligation.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
The transaction price reflects our expectations about the consideration we will be entitled to receive from the customer and may include fixed or variable amounts. Fixed consideration primarily includes sales to customers that are known as of the end of the reporting period. Variable consideration includes sales in which the amount of consideration that we will receive is unknown as of the end of a reporting period. Such consideration primarily includes sales made to certain customers with cumulative tier volume discounts offered. Variable consideration arrangements are rare; however, when they occur, we estimate variable consideration as the expected value to which we expect to be entitled. Included in the transaction price estimate are amounts in which it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration that does not meet revenue recognition criteria is deferred.
Our contracts are typically less than one year in duration and we have elected to use the practical expedient available in ASC 606 to expense cost to obtain contracts as they are incurred because they would be amortized over less than one year.
Accounts receivable represents our unconditional right to receive consideration from our customer. Payments terms do not exceed one year from the invoice date and therefore do not include a significant financing component. To date, there have been no material impairment losses on accounts receivable. There were no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet in any of the periods presented.
On shipments where sales are not recognized, gross profit is generally recorded as deferred profit in our condensed consolidated balance sheet representing the difference between the receivable recorded and the inventory shipped. At June 27, 2020, we had deferred revenue totaling approximately $
Net sales of our reportable segments, by type, are as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| Disaggregated Net Sales | June 27, 2020 | June 29, 2019 | June 27, 2020 | June 29, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Systems: | ||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Test & Inspection | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| PCB Test | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-systems: | ||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Test & Inspection | ||||||||||||||||
| PCB Test | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Revenue by geographic area based upon product shipment destination (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| Disaggregated Net Sales | June 27, 2020 | June 29, 2019 | June 27, 2020 | June 29, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| China | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| United States | ||||||||||||||||
| Malaysia | ||||||||||||||||
| Taiwan | ||||||||||||||||
| Philippines | ||||||||||||||||
| Rest of the World | ||||||||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
A small number of customers historically have been responsible for a significant portion of our net sales. Significant customer concentration information, by reportable segment, is as follows:
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||
| June 27, | June 29, | June 27, | June 29, | |||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Semiconductor Test & Inspection | ||||||||||||
| Customers individually accounting for more than 10% of net sales | * | |||||||||||
| Percentage of net sales | * | |||||||||||
| PCB Test | ||||||||||||
| Customers individually accounting for more than 10% of net sales | * | * | * | * | ||||||||
| Percentage of net sales | * | * | * | * | ||||||||
| * | No single customer represented more than 10% of consolidated net sales. |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Our accumulated other comprehensive loss balance totaled approximately $
Retiree Medical Benefits
We provide post-retirement health benefits to certain retired executives, one director (who is a former executive) and their eligible dependents under a noncontributory plan. These benefits are no longer offered to any other retired Cohu employees. The net periodic benefit cost incurred during the first six months of fiscal 2020 and 2019 was not significant.
Discontinued Operations
Management determined that the fixtures services business, that was acquired as part of Xcerra, did not align with Cohu’s long-term strategic plan and divested this portion of the business in February 2020. As a result, the assets of our fixtures business are considered “held for sale” and the operations of our fixtures business are considered “discontinued operations” as of December 28, 2019. See Note 10, “Discontinued Operations” for additional information. Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts herein relate to continuing operations.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 was subsequently amended by ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief, ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates and ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. ASU 2016-13, as amended, affects trade receivables, financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which improves fair value disclosure requirements by removing disclosures that are not cost beneficial, clarifying disclosures’ specific requirements and adding relevant disclosure requirements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted, and an entity can choose to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on our disclosures.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations. The new guidance also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes, enacted changes in tax laws or rates, and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The amendments did not create new accounting requirements. We adopted the standard as of December 29, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, which improves defined benefit disclosure requirements by removing disclosures that are not cost beneficial, clarifying disclosures’ specific requirements and adding relevant disclosure requirements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU are required to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. We are currently assessing and have not yet determined the impact that the adoption of ASU 2018-14 will have on the disclosures to our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. Our Term Loan Credit Facility bears interest at fluctuating interest rates based on LIBOR. If LIBOR ceases to exist, we may need to renegotiate our loan and we cannot predict what alternative index would be negotiated with our lenders. ASU 2020-04 was effective upon issuance and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2022. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
All other newly issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective have been deemed either immaterial or not applicable.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
| 2. | Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying value of goodwill during the year ended December 28, 2019, and the six-month period ended June 27, 2020, by segment, were as follows (in thousands):
| Semiconductor Test | ||||||||||||
| & Inspection | PCB Test | Total | ||||||||||
| Balance, December 30, 2018 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Adjustments | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Impairments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Impact of currency exchange | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Balance, December 28, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Impact of currency exchange | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Balance, June 27, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Purchased intangible assets, subject to amortization are as follows (in thousands):
| June 27, 2020 | December 28, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Remaining | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted | |||||||||||||||||||
| Average |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Amort. | Gross |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Carrying | Accum. | Period | Carrying | Accum. | |||||||||||||||
| Amount | Amort. | (in years) | Amount | Amort. | |||||||||||||||
| Developed technology | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | |||||||||||||||||||
| Trade names | |||||||||||||||||||
| Covenant not-to-compete | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total intangible assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
The table above excludes $
We evaluate goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually and when an event occurs, or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We previously completed our required annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment testing as of October 1, 2019, the first day of our fourth quarter and concluded there were no impairments of goodwill within our reporting units or our indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Other events and changes in circumstances may also require goodwill to be tested for impairment between annual measurement dates. During the first quarter of 2020, the volatility in Cohu’s stock price, the global economic downturn and business interruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic led us to determine that there was a triggering event related to goodwill within all of our identified reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets. We performed an interim assessment as of March 28, 2020 and determined that the fair values of our identified reporting units all exceeded their carrying values and we have concluded there were no impairment of goodwill within our reporting units. Anticipated delays in customer adoption of certain new products under development as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes to future project roadmap and an increase in the discount rate used in the developing our interim fair value estimate resulted in a $
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
The forecasts utilized in the interim impairment test were based on known facts and circumstances. We evaluate and consider recent events and uncertain items, as well as related potential implications, as part of our annual and interim assessments and incorporate them into the analyses as appropriate. These facts and circumstances are subject to change and may not be the same as future analyses. In a future period, should we again determine that an interim goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment review is required, we may be required to book additional impairment charges which could have a significant negative impact on our results of operations.
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was approximately $
| 3. | Borrowings and Credit Agreements |
The following table is a summary of our borrowings as of June 27, 2020 and December 28, 2019 (in thousands):
| June 27, | December 28, | |||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Bank Term Loan under Credit Agreement | $ | $ | ||||||
| Bank Term Loans-Kita | ||||||||
| Bank Term Loan-Xcerra | ||||||||
| Construction Loan- Cohu GmbH | ||||||||
| Lines of Credit | ||||||||
| Total debt | ||||||||
| Less: financing fees and discount | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: current portion | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | $ | ||||||
Credit Agreement
On October 1, 2018, we entered into a Credit Agreement providing for a $
Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the lender may accelerate the payment terms upon the occurrence of certain events of default set forth therein, which include: the failure of Cohu to make timely payments of amounts due under the Credit Agreement, the failure of Cohu to adhere to the representations and covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement, the failure to provide notice of any event that causes a material adverse effect or to provide other required notices, upon the event that related collateral agreements become ineffective, upon the event that certain legal judgments are entered against Cohu, the insolvency of Cohu, or upon the change of control of Cohu. As of June 27, 2020, we believe no such events of default have occurred.
Kita Term Loans
As a result of our acquisition of Kita, we assumed term loans from a series of Japanese financial institutions primarily related to the expansion of Kita’s facility in Osaka, Japan. The loans are collateralized by the facility and land, carry interest rates ranging from
The term loans are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Xcerra Term Loan
As a result of our acquisition of Xcerra, we assumed a term loan related to the purchase of Xcerra’s facility in Rosenheim, Germany. The loan is payable over
The term loan is denominated in Euros and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Construction Loans
On July 26, 2019, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries located in Germany entered into two construction loans (“Loan Facilities”) with a German financial institution providing total borrowing of million. The Loan Facilities have
On August 1, 2019, the full million was drawn under the first facility, which is payable over
Through June 27, 2020, we drew million under the second facility, which is payable over
Through June 27, 2020, amounts have been drawn under the third facility. Future amounts, if drawn, will be payable over
At June 27, 2020 and December 28, 2019, total outstanding borrowings under the Loan Facilities was $
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Lines of Credit
As a result of our acquisition of Kita, we assumed a series of revolving credit facilities with various financial institutions in Japan. The credit facilities renew monthly and provide Kita with access to working capital totaling up to $
The revolving lines of credit are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Our wholly owned Ismeca subsidiary has available line of credit which provides it with borrowings of up to a total of
| 4. | Restructuring Charges |
Subsequent to the acquisition of Xcerra on October 1, 2018, during the fourth quarter of 2018, we began a strategic restructuring program designed to reposition our organization and improve our cost structure as part of our targeted integration plan regarding the recently acquired Xcerra (“Integration Program”). As part of the Integration Program we consolidated our global handler and contactor manufacturing operations and closed our manufacturing operations in Penang, Malaysia and Fontana, California in 2019. Relating to the facility consolidation actions, we notified certain impacted employees of a reduction in force program. In the second quarter of 2019, we entered into a social plan (“Plan”) with the German labor organization representing certain of the employees of our wholly owned subsidiary, Multitest elektronische Systeme GmbH, as part of our Integration Program. The Plan will reduce headcount, enable us to consolidate the facilities of our multiple operations located near Rosenheim, Germany, as well as transition certain manufacturing to other lower cost regions. The facility consolidation and reduction in force programs are being implemented as part of a comprehensive review of our operations and are intended to streamline and reduce our operating cost structure and capitalize on acquisition synergies.
As a result of the activities described above, we recognized total pretax charges of $
Costs associated with restructuring activities are presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations as restructuring charges, except for certain costs associated with inventory charges related to the decision to end manufacturing of certain of Xcerra’s semiconductor test handler products, which are classified within cost of sales. Other restructuring costs include expenses for professional fees associated with employee severance and impairments of fixed assets.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
The following table summarizes the activity within the restructuring related accounts for the Integration Program during the first six months ended June 27, 2020 and June 29, 2019 (in thousands):
| Severance and | Other Exit | |||||||||||
| Other Payroll | Costs | Total | ||||||||||
| Balance, December 29, 2018 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Costs accrued | ||||||||||||
| Amounts paid or charged | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Impact of currency exchange | ||||||||||||
| Balance, June 29, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Balance, December 28, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Costs accrued | ||||||||||||
| Amounts paid or charged | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Impact of currency exchange | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Balance, June 27, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
At June 27, 2020, our total accrual for restructuring related items is reflected within current liabilities of our condensed consolidated balance sheets as these amounts are expected to be paid out within a year. The estimated costs associated with the employee severance and facility consolidation actions will be paid predominantly in cash.
| 5. | Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value |
Our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments consisted primarily of cash and other investment grade securities. We do not hold investment securities for trading purposes. All short-term investments in debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value. Investment securities are exposed to market risk due to changes in interest rates and credit risk and we monitor credit risk and attempt to mitigate exposure by making high-quality investments and through investment diversification.
We assess whether unrealized loss positions on available-for-sale debt securities are due to credit-related factors. The credit-related portion of unrealized losses, and any subsequent improvements, are recorded in earnings through an allowance account. Unrealized gains and losses that are not due to credit-related factors are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Factors that could indicate an impairment exists include, but are not limited to earnings performance, changes in credit rating or adverse changes in the regulatory or economic environment of the asset. Gross realized gains and losses on sales of short-term investments are included in interest income. Realized gains and losses for the periods presented were not significant.
Investments that we have classified as short-term, by security type, are as follows (in thousands):
| June 27, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Gross | Estimated | ||||||||||||||
| Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | Fair | |||||||||||||
| Cost | Gains | Losses (1) | Value | |||||||||||||
| Foreign government security | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| December 28, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Gross | Estimated | ||||||||||||||
| Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | Fair | |||||||||||||
| Cost | Gains | Losses (1) | Value | |||||||||||||
| Foreign government security | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| (1) | As of June 27, 2020 and December 28, 2019, there were |
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Effective maturities of short-term investments are as follows (in thousands):
| June 27, 2020 | December 28, 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Amortized | Estimated | Amortized | Estimated | |||||||||||||
| Cost | Fair Value | Cost | Fair Value | |||||||||||||
| Due in one year or less | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Due after one year through three years | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Accounting standards pertaining to fair value measurements establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. When available, we use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of our investments, and they are included in Level 1. When quoted market prices are unobservable, we use quotes from independent pricing vendors based on recent trading activity and other relevant information, and they are included in Level 2.
The following table summarizes, by major security type, our financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
| Fair value measurements at June 27, 2020 using: | ||||||||||||||||
| Total estimated | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | fair value | |||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Money market funds | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign government security | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Fair value measurements at December 28, 2019 using: | ||||||||||||||||
| Total estimated | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | fair value | |||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Money market funds | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign government security | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
| 6. | Employee Stock Benefit Plans |
Our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (“2005 Plan”) is a broad-based, long-term retention program intended to attract, motivate, and retain talented employees as well as align stockholder and employee interests. Awards that may be granted under the program include, but are not limited to, non-qualified and incentive stock options, restricted stock units, and performance stock units. We settle employee stock option exercises, employee stock purchase plan purchases, and the vesting of restricted stock units, and performance stock units with newly issued common shares. At June 27, 2020, there were
Stock Options
Stock options may be granted to employees, consultants and non-employee directors to purchase a fixed number of shares of our common stock. The exercise prices of options granted are at least equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the dates of grant and options vest and become exercisable in annual increments that range from to years from the date of grant. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan have a maximum contractual term of years. In the first six months of fiscal 2020 we did grant any stock options and we issued
At June 27, 2020, we had
Restricted Stock Units
We grant restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain employees, consultants and directors. RSUs vest in annual increments that range from to years from the date of grant. Prior to vesting, RSUs do not have dividend equivalent rights, do not have voting rights and the shares underlying the RSUs are not considered issued and outstanding. New shares of our common stock will be issued on the date the RSUs vest net of the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements to be paid by us on behalf of our employees. As a result, the actual number of shares issued will be fewer than the actual number of RSUs outstanding at June 27, 2020.
In the first six months of fiscal 2020 we awarded
Performance Stock Units
We also grant performance stock units (“PSUs”) to senior executives as a part of our long-term equity compensation program. The number of shares of common stock that will ultimately be issued to settle PSUs granted ranges from
We estimated the fair value of the PSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the derived service period. New shares of our common stock will be issued on the date the PSUs vest net of the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements to be paid by us on behalf of our employees. As a result, the actual number of shares issued will be fewer than the actual number outstanding at June 27, 2020.
In the first six months of fiscal 2020, we awarded
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Cohu, Inc. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) provides for the issuance of shares of our common stock. Under the ESPP, eligible employees may purchase shares of Cohu common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
| 7. | Income Taxes |
Ordinarily, interim tax provisions are calculated using the estimated effective tax rate (“ETR”) expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. However, when a reliable estimate of the annual ETR cannot be made, the actual ETR for the year-to-date period may be the best estimate of the annual ETR. For the three and six months ended June 27, 2020, we used the actual year-to-date ETR in computing our tax provision, as a reliable estimate of the 2020 annual ETR cannot be made, since relatively small changes in our projected income produce a significant variation in our ETR. The ETR on loss from continuing operations for the three months ended June 27, 2020 and June 29, 2019 was (
Our German subsidiaries income tax returns for 2015 to 2017 are currently under routine examination by tax authorities in Germany. We believe our financial statement accruals for income taxes are appropriate.
During the three-month period ended June 27, 2020, our unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was signed into law in March 2020. The CARES Act lifts certain deduction limitations originally imposed by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (2017 Tax Act). Corporate taxpayers may carryback net operating losses (NOLs) originating during 2018 through 2020 for up to five years, which was not previously allowed under the 2017 Tax Act. The CARES Act also eliminates the 80% of taxable income limitations by allowing corporate entities to fully utilize NOL carryforwards to offset taxable income in 2018, 2019 or 2020. Taxpayers may generally deduct interest up to the sum of 50% of adjusted taxable income plus business interest income (30% limit under the 2017 Tax Act) for tax years beginning January 1, 2019 and 2020. The CARES Act allows taxpayers with alternative minimum tax credits to claim a refund in 2020 for the entire amount of the credits instead of recovering the credits through refunds over a period of years, as originally enacted by the 2017 Tax Act.
In addition, the CARES Act raises the corporate charitable deduction limit to 25% of taxable income and makes qualified improvement property generally eligible for 15-year cost-recovery and 100% bonus depreciation. The enactment of the CARES Act did not result in any material adjustments to our income tax provision for the three and six-month period ended June 27, 2020, or to our net deferred tax assets as of June 27, 2020.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
| 8. | Segment and Geographic Information |
The summary below presents our current segments, Semiconductor Test & Inspection and PCB Test, for the six-month periods ended June 27, 2020 and June 29, 2019.
Financial information by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 27, | June 29, | June 27, | June 29, | |||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Net sales by segment: | ||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Test & Inspection | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| PCB Test | ||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated net sales for reportable segments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Segment profit (loss) before tax: | ||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Test & Inspection | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| PCB Test | ||||||||||||||||
| Profit (loss) for reportable segments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other unallocated amounts: | ||||||||||||||||
| Corporate expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before taxes | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
The following table summarizes our total assets by reportable business segment (in thousands):
| June 27, | December 28, | |||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Semiconductor Test & Inspection | $ | $ | ||||||
| PCB Test | ||||||||
| Total assets for reportable segments | ||||||||
| Corporate, principally cash and investments | ||||||||
| Discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Total consolidated assets | $ | $ | ||||||
For revenues by geography and information on customer concentration, see Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
| 9. | Leases |
We lease certain of our facilities, equipment and vehicles under non-cancelable operating and finance leases. Leases with initial terms with 12 months or less are not recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, but we recognized those lease payments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease and non-lease components are included in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liabilities.
Our leases have remaining lease terms of
We sublease certain leased assets to third parties, mainly as a result of unused space in our facilities. Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
| (in thousands) | Classification | June 27, 2020 | December 28, 2019 | ||||||
| Assets | |||||||||
| Operating lease assets | Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Finance lease assets | Property, plant and equipment, net (1) | ||||||||
| Total lease assets | $ | $ | |||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||
| Current | |||||||||
| Operating | Other accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Finance | Other accrued liabilities | ||||||||
| Noncurrent | |||||||||
| Operating | Long-term lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Finance | Long-term lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | |||||||||
| Operating leases | |||||||||
| Finance leases | |||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | |||||||||
| Operating leases | % | % | |||||||
| Finance leases | % | % | |||||||
| (1) | Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $ |
The components of lease expense were as follows:
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | June 27, 2020 | June 29, 2019 | June 27, 2020 | June 29, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Variable lease expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Short-term operating leases | ||||||||||||||||
| Finance leases | ||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of leased assets | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
| Sublease income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net lease cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Future minimum lease payments at June 27, 2020, are as follows:
| Operating | Finance | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | leases (1) | leases | Total | |||||||||
| 2020 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| 2021 | ||||||||||||
| 2022 | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||||||
| Total lease payments | ||||||||||||
| Less: Interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| (1) | Excludes sublease income of $ |
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
| Six Months Ended | ||||||||
| (in thousands) | June 27, 2020 | June 29, 2019 | ||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ||||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | $ | ||||||
| Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | $ | ||||||
| Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| 10. | Discontinued Operations |
On October 1, 2018, we acquired a fixtures services business as part of Xcerra. In the fourth quarter of 2018, our management determined that this business did not align with our core business and was not a strategic fit within our organization. As a result, the fixtures services business has been marketed for sale since we acquired Xcerra on October 1, 2018 and it has been presented as discontinued operations. For financial statement purposes, the results of operations for this business have been segregated from those of continuing operations and are presented in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
In 2019, we recorded a charge of $
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
Balance sheet information for our fixtures services business presented as discontinued operations is summarized as follows (in thousands):
| December 28, | ||||
| 2019 | ||||
| Assets: | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | |||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||
| Inventories | ||||
| Other current assets | ||||
| Total current assets | ||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | ||||
| Other noncurrent assets | ||||
| Total assets | $ | |||
| Liabilities: | ||||
| Other accrued current liabilities | $ | |||
| Total current liabilities | ||||
| Noncurrent liabilities | ||||
| Total liabilities | $ | |||
Operating results of our discontinued segment are summarized as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 27, | June 29, | June 27, | June 29, | |||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Operating income before income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of Fixtures business | ||||||||||||||||
| Income before taxes | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision | ||||||||||||||||
| Income, net of tax | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| 11. | Contingencies |
From time-to-time we are involved in various legal proceedings, examinations by various tax authorities and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business. The outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain. While there can be no assurance, we do not believe at the present time that the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our assets, financial position or results of operations.
Cohu, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 27, 2020
| 12. | Guarantees |
Product Warranty
Our products are generally sold with warranty periods that range from
Changes in accrued warranty were as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 27, | June 29, | June 27, | June 29, | |||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Warranty expense accruals | ||||||||||||||||
| Warranty payments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Accrued warranty amounts expected to be incurred after one year are included in noncurrent other accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. These amounts totaled $
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements including expectations of market conditions, challenges and plans, within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is subject to the Safe Harbor provisions created by that statute. Such forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs, including estimates and projections about our business and include, but are not limited to, statements concerning financial position, business strategy, and plans or objectives for future operations. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict and may cause actual results to differ materially from management’s current expectations. Such risks and uncertainties include those set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors”. The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the time they are made, and do not necessarily reflect management’s outlook at any other point in time. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or for any other reason, however, readers should carefully review the risk factors set forth in other reports or documents we file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this Quarterly Report.
OVERVIEW
Cohu is a leading supplier of semiconductor test and inspection handlers, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) test modules, test contactors and thermal subsystems, semiconductor automated test equipment and bare-board printed circuit board (PCB) test systems used by global semiconductor and electronics manufacturers and test subcontractors. We offer a wide range of products and services and our revenue from capital equipment products is driven by the capital expenditure budgets and spending patterns of our customers, who often delay or accelerate purchases in reaction to variations in their business. The level of capital expenditures by these companies depends on the current and anticipated market demand for semiconductor devices and printed circuit boards and the products that incorporate them. Our consumable products are driven by the number of semiconductor devices and printed circuit boards that are tested and by the continuous introduction of new products and new technologies by our customers. As a result, our consumable products provide a more stable recurring source of revenue and generally do not have the same degree of cyclicality as our capital equipment products.
For the six months ended June 27, 2020, our consolidated net sales were $283.0 million a decrease of 5.0% from the corresponding period of the prior year. During the first half of 2020 our net sales were impacted by supply disruptions caused by the rapid and global spread of COVID-19 and weakness in the automotive market. While our long-term market drivers and market strategy remain intact, we believe our sales will be negatively impacted this year by the global economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
During 2019, the global semiconductor market was impacted by U.S. and China trade tensions which impacted our customers’ ability to supply product to certain end users. Throughout 2019, customer test cell utilization was below levels that have historically triggered the need for additional capacity. Despite the near-term weakness, we remain optimistic about the long-term prospects for our business due to the increasing ubiquity of semiconductors, the future rollout of 5G networks, the diminishing impact of parallel test, increasing semiconductor complexity, increasing quality demands from semiconductor customers, and continued proliferation of electronics in a variety of products across the automotive, mobility and industrial markets. Our orders in the first six months of 2020 strengthened, driven by demand for equipment used in testing mobility semiconductor applications, data centers and personal computers, but overall orders slowed in second quarter of 2020 due to economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We remain optimistic about our future business prospects and are focused on cross-selling opportunities and supporting our customers’ deployment of 5G RF capabilities on next generation smartphones and we remain focused on growing our sales to semiconductor and electronics manufacturers and test subcontractors.
Application of Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience, forecasts and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, however actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in our financial statements. Some of our accounting policies require us to make difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Our critical accounting estimates that we believe are the most important to an investor’s understanding of our financial results and condition and that require complex management judgment include:
| ● |
revenue recognition, including the deferral of revenue on sales to customers, which impacts our results of operations; |
| ● |
estimation of valuation allowances and accrued liabilities, specifically product warranty, inventory reserves and allowance for bad debts, which impact gross margin or operating expenses; |
| ● |
the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits and the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, which impact our tax provision; |
| ● |
the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets including goodwill and other intangible assets, which primarily impacts gross margin or operating expenses if we are required to record impairments of assets or accelerate their depreciation or amortization; and |
| ● |
the valuation and recognition of share-based compensation, which impacts gross margin, research and development expense, and selling, general and administrative expense. |
Below, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved. We also have other policies that we consider key accounting policies; however, these policies typically do not require us to make estimates or judgments that are difficult or subjective.
Revenue Recognition: Our net sales are derived from the sale of products and services and are adjusted for estimated returns and allowances, which historically have been insignificant. We recognize revenue when the obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of our systems, non-system products or services. In circumstances where control is not transferred until destination or acceptance, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur. Revenue for established products that have previously satisfied a customer’s acceptance requirements is generally recognized upon shipment. In cases where a prior history of customer acceptance cannot be demonstrated or from sales where customer payment dates are not determinable and in the case of new products, revenue and cost of sales are deferred until customer acceptance has been received. Our post-shipment obligations typically include installation and standard warranties. The estimated fair value of installation related revenue is recognized in the period the installation is performed. Service revenue is recognized over time as the transfer of control is completed for the related contract or upon completion of the services if they are short-term in nature. Spares, contactor and kit revenue is generally recognized upon shipment. Certain of our equipment sales have multiple performance obligations. These arrangements involve the delivery or performance of multiple performance obligations, and transfer of control of performance obligations may occur at different points in time or over different periods of time. For arrangements containing multiple performance obligations, the revenue relating to the undelivered performance obligation is deferred using the relative standalone selling price method utilizing estimated sales prices until satisfaction of the deferred performance obligation. Unsatisfied performance obligations primarily represent contracts for products with future delivery dates. At June 27, 2020, we have $9.2 million of revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) for contracts with original expected durations of over one year. As allowed under ASC 606, we have opted to not disclose unsatisfied performance obligations as these contracts have original expected durations of less than one year. We generally sell our equipment with a product warranty. The product warranty provides assurance to customers that delivered products are as specified in the contract (an “assurance-type warranty”). Therefore, we account for such product warranties under ASC 460, Guarantees (ASC 460), and not as a separate performance obligation. The transaction price reflects our expectations about the consideration we will be entitled to receive from the customer and may include fixed or variable amounts. Fixed consideration primarily includes sales to customers that are known as of the end of the reporting period. Variable consideration includes sales in which the amount of consideration that we will receive is unknown as of the end of a reporting period. Such consideration primarily includes sales made to certain customers with cumulative tier volume discounts offered. Variable consideration arrangements are rare; however, when they occur, we estimate variable consideration as the expected value to which we expect to be entitled. Included in the transaction price estimate are amounts in which it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The estimate is based on information available for projected future sales. Variable consideration that does not meet revenue recognition criteria is deferred. Accounts receivable represents our unconditional right to receive consideration from our customer. Payments terms do not exceed one year from the invoice date and therefore do not include a significant financing component. To date, there have been no material impairment losses on accounts receivable. There were no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet in any of the periods presented. On shipments where sales are not recognized, gross profit is generally recorded as deferred profit in our consolidated balance sheet representing the difference between the receivable recorded and the inventory shipped.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Accounts Receivable: We maintain an allowance for credit losses for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our customers deteriorates, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.
We adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, on December 29, 2019 the first day of our fiscal 2020. The ASU required a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the date of adoption. Periods prior to the adoption that are presented for comparative purposes are not adjusted. Based on our analysis of historical and anticipated collections of trade receivables, the impact of adoption of Topic 326 was insignificant.
Inventory: The valuation of inventory requires us to estimate obsolete or excess inventory as well as inventory that is not of saleable quality. The determination of obsolete or excess inventory requires us to estimate the future demand for our products. The demand forecast is a direct input in the development of our short-term manufacturing plans. We record valuation reserves on our inventory for estimated excess and obsolete inventory and lower of cost or net realizable value concerns equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated realizable value based upon assumptions about future product demand, market conditions and product selling prices. If future product demand, market conditions or product selling prices are less than those projected by management or if continued modifications to products are required to meet specifications or other customer requirements, increases to inventory reserves may be required which would have a negative impact on our gross margin.
Income Taxes: We estimate our liability for income taxes based on the various jurisdictions where we conduct business. This requires us to estimate our (i) current taxes; (ii) temporary differences that result from differing treatment of certain items for tax and accounting purposes and (iii) unrecognized tax benefits. Temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are reflected in the consolidated balance sheet. The deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Establishing, reducing or increasing a valuation allowance in an accounting period generally results in an increase or decrease in tax expense in the statement of operations. We must make significant judgments to determine the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits and any valuation allowance to be recorded against deferred tax assets. Our gross deferred tax asset balance as of June 27, 2020, was approximately $142.8 million, with a valuation allowance of approximately $93.6 million. Our deferred tax assets consist primarily of reserves and accruals that are not yet deductible for tax and tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards.
Segment Information: We applied the provisions of ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, (“ASC 280”), which sets forth a management approach to segment reporting and establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products, major customers and the geographies in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. An operating segment is defined as a component that engages in business activities whose operating results are reviewed by the chief operating decision maker and for which discrete financial information is available. After the acquisition of Xcerra on October 1, 2018, we have determined that our four identified operating segments are: Test Handler Group (“THG”), Semiconductor Test Group (“STG”), Interface Solutions Group (“ISG”) and PCB Test Group (“PTG”). Our THG, STG and ISG operating segments qualify for aggregation under ASC 280 due to similarities in their customers, their economic characteristics, and the nature of products and services provided. As a result, we report in two segments, Semiconductor Test & Inspection and PCB Test.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles, Other Intangible Assets and Long-lived Assets: We evaluate goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are solely comprised of in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), for impairment annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment by first comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting unit or asset, in the case of in-process research and development. If the fair value is determined to be less than the book value, a second step is performed to compute the amount of impairment as the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and it’s carrying value of goodwill. We estimated the fair values of our reporting units primarily using the income approach valuation methodology that includes the discounted cash flow method, taking into consideration the market approach and certain market multiples as a validation of the values derived using the discounted cash flow methodology. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on our best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on customer forecasts, industry trade organization data and general economic conditions. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
We conduct our annual impairment test as of October 1st of each year and determined that there was no impairment as of October 1, 2019, as the estimated fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded their carrying values on that date. Other events and changes in circumstances may also require goodwill to be tested for impairment between annual measurement dates. While a decline in stock price and market capitalization is not specifically cited as an impairment indicator, a company’s stock price and market capitalization should be considered in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its book value. The financial and credit market volatility caused by the COVID-19 pandemic directly impacts our fair value measurement through our stock price that we use to determine our market capitalization. During times of volatility, significant judgment must be applied to determine whether stock price changes are a short-term swing or a longer-term trend.
During the first quarter of 2020, the volatility in Cohu’s stock price, the global economic downturn and business interruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic led us to determine that there was a triggering event related to goodwill within all of our identified reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets. We performed an interim assessment as of March 28, 2020 and determined that the fair values of our identified reporting units all exceeded their carrying values and we have concluded there were no impairment of goodwill within our reporting units. Anticipated delays in customer adoption of certain new products under development as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes to future project roadmap and an increase in the discount rate used in the developing our interim fair value estimate resulted in a $3.9 million impairment to IPR&D as the carrying value exceeded fair value. During the second quarter of 2020, we considered changes in market volatility, the improvement in Cohu’s stock price and our actual and expected operating results as compared to the forecasts utilized during our first quarter test noting no events or conditions that suggested a triggering event had occurred.
The forecasts utilized in the interim impairment test were based on known facts and circumstances. We evaluate and consider recent events and uncertain items, as well as related potential implications, as part of our annual and interim assessments and incorporate them into the analyses as appropriate. These facts and circumstances are subject to change and may not be the same as future analyses. In a future period, should we again determine that an interim goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment review is required, we may be required to book additional impairment charges which could have a significant negative impact on our results of operations.
Long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, impairment losses are only recorded if the asset’s carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted, probability-weighted future cash flows. We measure the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value. We evaluated the expected undiscounted cashflows of these assets as of March 28, 2020 and determined there was no impairment.
Warranty: We provide for the estimated costs of product warranties in the period sales are recognized. Our warranty obligation estimates are affected by historical product shipment levels, product performance and material and labor costs incurred in correcting product performance problems. Should product performance, material usage or labor repair costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required.
Contingencies: We are subject to certain contingencies that arise in the ordinary course of our businesses which require us to assess the likelihood that future events will confirm the existence of a loss or an impairment of an asset. If a loss or asset impairment is probable and the amount of the loss or impairment is reasonably estimable, we accrue a charge to operations in the period such conditions become known.
Share-based Compensation: Share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock unit awards is calculated based on the market price of our common stock on the grant date, reduced by the present value of dividends expected to be paid on our common stock prior to vesting of the restricted stock unit. Share-based compensation on performance stock units with market-based goals is calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of the grant. Share-based compensation expense related to stock options is recorded based on the fair value of the award on its grant date, which we estimate using the Black-Scholes valuation model.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of accounting changes and recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our consolidated financial statements, see “Recent Accounting Pronouncements”, in Note 1 located in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Recent Transactions Impacting Results of Operations
As discussed herein, management determined that the fixtures services business, that was acquired as part of Xcerra, did not align with Cohu’s long-term strategic plan and management divested this business in the first quarter of 2020. As a result, the assets of our fixtures business were considered “held for sale” and the operations of our fixtures business were considered “discontinued operations” for all periods presented. Unless otherwise indicated, the discussion below covers the comparative results from continuing operations.
The following table summarizes certain operating data as a percentage of net sales:
| Three Months Ended |
Six Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
| June 27, |
June 29, |
June 27, |
June 29, |
|||||||||||||
| 2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
|||||||||||||
| Net sales |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
| Cost of sales |
(57.7 | )% | (58.4 | )% | (58.6 | )% | (60.8 | )% | ||||||||
| Gross margin |
42.3 | % | 41.6 | % | 41.4 | % | 39.2 | % | ||||||||
| Research and development |
(14.2 | )% | (14.7 | )% | (15.2 | )% | (15.1 | )% | ||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative |
(21.5 | )% | (24.3 | )% | (22.8 | )% | (25.1 | )% | ||||||||
| Amortization of purchased intangible assets |
(6.6 | )% | (6.7 | )% | (6.7 | )% | (6.7 | )% | ||||||||
| Restructuring charges |
(0.4 | )% | (5.7 | )% | (0.3 | )% | (3.3 | )% | ||||||||
| Impairment charges |
- | % | - | % | (1.4 | )% | - | % | ||||||||
| Loss from operations |
(0.4 | )% | (9.8 | )% | (5.0 | )% | (11.0 | )% | ||||||||
Second Quarter of Fiscal 2020 Compared to Second Quarter of Fiscal 2019
Net Sales
Our consolidated net sales decreased 4.0% to $144.1 million in 2020, compared to $150.0 million in 2019. During the second quarter of 2020, our consolidated net sales were impacted by supply disruptions caused by the rapid and global spread of COVID-19 and impacted our ability to ship product and further by reduced demand in the automotive segment.
Gross Margin (exclusive of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets described below)
Gross margin consists of net sales less cost of sales. Cost of sales consists primarily of the materials, assembly and test labor and overhead from operations. Our gross margin can fluctuate due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the mix and volume of products sold, product support costs, increases to inventory reserves or the sale of previously reserved inventory and utilization of manufacturing capacity. Our gross margin, as a percentage of net sales, was 42.3% in 2020 and 41.6% in 2019.
Our gross margin can be impacted by charges to cost of sales related to excess, obsolete and lower of cost or net realizable value inventory issues. During the second quarter of 2020 and 2019, we recorded charges to cost of sales of $0.8 million and $0.5 million for excess and obsolete inventory, respectively.
As part of the integration and restructuring activities related to Xcerra, we have recorded inventory-related charges driven by the decision to end manufacturing of certain of Xcerra’s semiconductor test handler products. During the second quarter of 2019, our gross margin benefitted by $1.3 million as a result of the reversal of $2.1 million of liabilities related to supplier commitments recorded as part of the restructuring activities offset, in part, by $0.8 million of additional inventory related charges related to ending the manufacturing of these products. During the second quarter of 2020, $0.1 million of restructuring related inventory charges were recorded.
While we believe our reserves for excess and obsolete inventory and lower of cost or net realizable value concerns are adequate to cover known exposures at June 27, 2020, reductions in customer forecasts or continued modifications to products, as a result of our failure to meet specifications or other customer requirements, may result in additional charges to operations that could negatively impact our gross margin in future periods.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Research and Development Expense (“R&D Expense”)
R&D expense consists primarily of salaries and related costs of employees engaged in ongoing research, product design and development activities, costs of engineering materials and supplies and professional consulting expenses. R&D expense was $20.4 million in 2020 and $22.1 million in 2019 representing 14.2% and 14.7% of net sales, respectively. The decrease in R&D expense in the second quarter of 2020 is a result of lower salary and spending on new product development as a result of cost control measures implemented in response to the economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense (“SG&A Expense”)
SG&A expense consists primarily of salaries and benefit costs of employees, commission expense for independent sales representatives, product promotion and costs of professional services. SG&A expense was $30.9 million or 21.5% of net sales in 2020, compared to $36.4 million or 24.3% in 2019. The decrease in SG&A expense in 2020 was primarily associated with a $1.0 million reduction in depreciation expense related to a step-up in value of Xcerra assets, lower incentive compensation due to the decrease in business volume and lower salary, travel and other administrative spending as a result of cost control measures implemented in response to the economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets
Amortization of purchased intangibles is the process of expensing the cost of an intangible asset acquired through a business combination over the projected life of the asset. Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets was $9.5 million and $10.0 million in the second quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in expense recorded during the current year was a result of fluctuations in exchange rates.
Restructuring Charges
Subsequent to the acquisition of Xcerra on October 1, 2018, during the fourth quarter of 2018, we began a strategic restructuring program designed to reposition our organization and improve our cost structure as part of our targeted integration plan regarding Xcerra. In the second quarter of 2020, we recorded restructuring charges, totaling $0.6 million. In the second quarter of 2019 we recorded restructuring charges, exclusive of the $1.3 million of inventory related charges described above, totaling $8.5 million.
See Note 4, “Restructuring Charges” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information with respect to restructuring charges.
Interest Expense and Income
Interest expense was $3.5 million in the second fiscal quarter of 2020 as compared to $5.3 million in the corresponding period of 2019. The decrease in interest expense resulted from lower LIBOR rates as a result of global economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interest income was $21,000 and $0.2 million in the second fiscal quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in interest income resulted from lower interest rates.
Income Taxes
Ordinarily, interim tax provisions are calculated using the estimated effective tax rate (“ETR”) expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. However, when a reliable estimate of the annual ETR cannot be made, the actual ETR for the year-to-date period may be the best estimate of the annual ETR. For the three months ended June 27, 2020, we used the actual year-to-date ETR in computing our tax provision, as a reliable estimate of the 2020 annual ETR cannot be made, since relatively small changes in our projected income produce a significant variation in our ETR. The ETR on loss from continuing operations for the three months ended June 27, 2020 and June 29, 2019 was (3.0)% and 4.5%, respectively. The tax benefit on loss from continuing operations in 2020 and 2019 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to the lack of a tax benefit on our domestic losses as a result of our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, foreign income taxed at different rates, withholding tax, taxes on unremitted earnings and changes to unrecognized tax benefits.
Our German subsidiaries income tax returns for 2015 to 2017 are currently under routine examination by tax authorities in Germany. We believe our financial statement accruals for income taxes are appropriate.
During the three-month period ended June 27, 2020, our unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $0.2 million due to settlement with the tax authority, offset by accrued interest. Other than for foreign currency exchange rate changes, there was no material change to our unrecognized tax benefits and related accrued interest and penalties during the three-month period ended June 29, 2019.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Income from Continuing Operations and Net Income
As a result of the factors set forth above, both loss from continuing operations and net loss was $4.7 million in 2020. Both income from continuing operations and net income was $19.4 million in 2019.
First Six Months of Fiscal 2020 Compared to First Six Months of Fiscal 2019
Net Sales
Our consolidated net sales decreased 5.0% to $283.0 million in 2020, compared to $297.8 million in 2019. During the first half of 2020, our net sales were impacted by disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and movement control orders which resulted in supply disruptions and impacted our ability to ship product and further by reduced demand in the automotive segment.
Gross Margin (exclusive of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets described below)
Our gross margin, as a percentage of net sales, increased to 41.4% in 2020 from 39.2% in 2019. Our gross margin can fluctuate due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the mix of products sold, product support costs, inventory reserve adjustments, and utilization of manufacturing capacity. In the first six months of fiscal 2020 and 2019 we recorded charges to cost of sales of approximately $2.0 million and $0.8 million for excess and obsolete inventory, respectively.
In 2019, our cost of sales was impacted by the amortization of inventory step-up related to fair value adjustments to inventory acquired in business combinations. During the first six months of 2019, we amortized $6.0 million of inventory step-up related to our acquisition of Xcerra. There was no inventory step-up amortized in the corresponding 2020.
As part of the integration and restructuring activities related to Xcerra, in the first six months of fiscal 2020 we recorded $1.7 million of inventory-related charges driven by the decision to end manufacturing of certain of Xcerra’s semiconductor test handlers. During first six months of 2019, our gross margin benefitted by $0.8 million comprised of $2.1 million from the reversal of liabilities related to supplier commitments recorded as part of these restructuring activities offset, in part, by $1.3 million of additional inventory related charges related to ending the manufacturing of these products.
While we believe our reserves for excess and obsolete inventory and lower of cost or market concerns are adequate to cover known exposures at June 27, 2020, reductions in customer forecasts or continued modifications to products, as a result of our failure to meet specifications or other customer requirements, may result in additional charges to operations that could negatively impact our results of operations and gross margin in future periods.
R&D Expense
R&D expense was $42.9 million or 15.2% of net sales in 2020, compared to $44.8 million or 15.1% in 2019. The decrease in R&D expense in the second quarter of 2020 is a result of lower salary and spending on new product development as a result of cost control measures implemented in response to the economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
SG&A Expense
SG&A expense was $64.3 million or 22.8% of net sales in 2020, compared to $74.7 million or 25.1% in 2019. The decrease in SG&A expense in 2020 was primarily associated with a $2.0 million reduction in depreciation expense related to a step-up in value of Xcerra assets, lower incentive compensation due to the decrease in business volume and lower salary, travel and other administrative spending as a result of cost control measures implemented in response to the economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets was $19.1 million and $20.0 million for the first six months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in expense recorded during the current year was a result of fluctuations in exchange rates.
Restructuring Charges
In the first six months of 2020, we recorded restructuring charges, exclusive of the $1.7 million of inventory related charges described above, totaling $1.0 million. In the first six months of 2019 we recorded restructuring charges, exclusive of the $0.8 million of inventory related benefits described above, totaling $9.9 million.
See Note 4, “Restructuring Charges” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information with respect to restructuring charges.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Impairment Charges
During the first quarter of 2020, the volatility in Cohu’s stock price, the global economic downturn and business interruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic led us to determine that there was a triggering event related to goodwill within all of our identified reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets. We performed an interim assessment as of March 28, 2020 and determined that the fair values of our identified reporting units all exceeded their carrying values and we have concluded there were no impairment of goodwill within our reporting units. Anticipated delays in customer adoption of certain new products under development as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes to future project roadmap and an increase in the discount rate used in the developing our interim fair value estimate resulted in a $3.9 million impairment to IPR&D as the carrying value exceeded fair value.
Interest Expense and Income
Interest expense was $7.9 million in the first six months of 2020 as compared to $10.8 million in the corresponding period of 2019. The decrease in interest expense resulted from lower LIBOR rates as a result of global economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interest income was $0.2 million and $0.4 million in the first six months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in interest income resulted from lower interest rates.
Income Taxes
The ETR on income or loss from continuing operations for the six months ended June 27, 2020 and June 29, 2019, was 3.7% and 2.6%, respectively. The tax provision on income or loss from continuing operations in 2020 and 2019 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to foreign income taxed at different rates, changes in our deferred tax asset valuation allowance, withholding tax, taxes on unremitted earnings and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits.
During the six-month period ended June 27, 2020, our unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $0.5 million due to settlement with the relevant tax authority, expiration of the statute of limitations and foreign currency exchange rate changes, offset by accrued interest. There was no material change to our unrecognized tax benefits and related accrued interest and penalties during the six-month periods ended June 29, 2019.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was signed into law in March 2020. The CARES Act lifts certain deduction limitations originally imposed by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (2017 Tax Act). Corporate taxpayers may carryback net operating losses (NOLs) originating during 2018 through 2020 for up to five years, which was not previously allowed under the 2017 Tax Act. The CARES Act also eliminates the 80% of taxable income limitations by allowing corporate entities to fully utilize NOL carryforwards to offset taxable income in 2018, 2019 or 2020. Taxpayers may generally deduct interest up to the sum of 50% of adjusted taxable income plus business interest income (30% limit under the 2017 Tax Act) for tax years beginning January 1, 2019 and 2020. The CARES Act allows taxpayers with alternative minimum tax credits to claim a refund in 2020 for the entire amount of the credits instead of recovering the credits through refunds over a period of years, as originally enacted by the 2017 Tax Act.
In addition, the CARES Act raises the corporate charitable deduction limit to 25% of taxable income and makes qualified improvement property generally eligible for 15-year cost-recovery and 100% bonus depreciation. The enactment of the CARES Act did not result in any material adjustments to our income tax provision for the six months ended June 27, 2020, or to our net deferred tax assets as of June 27, 2020.
Income from Continuing Operations and Net Income
As a result of the factors set forth above in 2020, our loss from continuing operations was $22.1 million and including the impact of discontinued operations our net loss was $22.0 million. In 2019, our income from continuing operations and net loss were $42.2 million and $42.0 million respectively.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our primary business is dependent on capital expenditures by semiconductor manufacturers and test subcontractors that are, in turn, dependent on the current and anticipated market demand for semiconductors. The seasonal and volatile nature of demand for semiconductor equipment, our primary industry, makes estimates of future revenues, results of operations and net cash flows difficult.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Our primary historical source of liquidity and capital resources has been cash flow generated by our operations and we manage our businesses to maximize operating cash flows as our primary source of liquidity. We use cash to fund growth in our operating assets and to fund new products and product enhancements primarily through research and development. As of June 27, 2020, $74.8 million or 46.0% of our cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiaries. If these funds are needed for our operations in the U.S., we may be required to accrue and pay foreign withholding taxes if we repatriate these funds. Except for working capital requirements in certain jurisdictions, we provide for all withholding and other residual taxes related to unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.
At June 27, 2020, our total indebtedness, net of discount and deferred financing costs, was $356.0 million, which included $337.9 million outstanding under the Term B Loan, $3.7 million outstanding under Kita’s term loans, $8.4 million outstanding under Cohu GmbH’s construction loan, $4.7 million outstanding under Kita’s lines of credit, and $1.3 million outstanding under Xcerra’s term loan.
Liquidity
Working Capital: The following summarizes our cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and working capital:
| June 27, |
December 28, |
Percentage |
|||||||||||||
| (in thousands) |
2020 |
2019 |
Increase |
Change |
|||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
$ | 163,648 | $ | 156,098 | $ | 7,550 | 4.8% | ||||||||
| Working capital |
$ | 297,209 | $ | 290,811 | $ | 6,398 | 2.2% | ||||||||
Cash Flows
Operating Activities: Operating cash flows for the first six months of fiscal 2020 consisted of our net loss, adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in operating assets and liabilities. These adjustments include impairment charges, depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment, share-based compensation expense, amortization of intangible assets and deferred income taxes. Our net cash provided by operating activities in the first six months of fiscal 2020 totaled $13.3 million. Net cash provided by operating activities was impacted by changes in current assets and liabilities and included decreases in accounts receivable of $6.4 million, accrued compensation, warranty and other liabilities of $8.0 million and increases in inventory of $13.1 million customer advances of $5.6 million and deferred profit of $1.9 million. The change in our accounts receivable balance resulted from the timing of cash collections from customers. The decrease in accrued compensation, warranty and other liabilities resulted from payments of incentive compensation related to the prior year, decreased accruals for incentive compensation and warranty due to current business conditions, payments of accrued interest related to our Term B loan and a payment of $1.5 million for contingent consideration related to our acquisition of Kita Manufacturing Ltd. in 2017. Inventory increased due to purchases made to fulfill anticipated future shipments and customer advances are a result of prepayments of equipment orders received. Deferred profit increased as a result of deferrals of revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policy.
Investing Activities: Investing cash flows consist primarily of cash used for capital expenditures in support of our business, purchases of investments, proceeds from investment maturities, business divestitures and asset disposals. Net cash provided by investing activities in the first six months of fiscal 2020 totaled $2.5 million. Additions to property, plant and equipment of $8.0 million were made to support the operating and development activities of our business activities of our Semiconductor Test & Inspection segment. During the first six months of fiscal 2020 we received net proceeds of $3.0 million from the sale of our fixtures services business and $2.5 million related to the sale of fixed assets and our facility in Penang Malaysia as part of our Xcerra integration and facility consolidation program.
Financing Activities: Financing cash flows consist primarily of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our stock option and employee stock purchase plans, cash used to pay dividends to our stockholders and borrowings, net of repayments of debt. We issue restricted stock units and stock options and maintain an employee stock purchase plan as components of our overall employee compensation. In the first six months of fiscal 2020, cash used to settle the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements on behalf of our employees upon vesting of restricted and performance stock awards, net of proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options was $0.2 million. We paid dividends totaling $5.0 million, or $0.06 per common share. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are proactively managing cash flow and Cohu’s Board of Directors authorized suspending our quarterly cash dividend indefinitely, as of May 5, 2020. The dividend suspension will result in approximately $10 million of annualized cash savings, which we expect to utilize for deleveraging and strengthening our balance sheet. Repayments of short-term borrowings and long-term debt during the first six months of fiscal 2020 totaled $2.2 million and we received proceeds under a revolving line of credit and construction loan totaling $4.3 million. Proceeds from the construction loan are being used to expand our facility in Kolbermoor, Germany, enabling us to consolidate the German operations of our Semiconductor Test & Inspection segment in 2020. Proceeds from the revolving line of credit are being used to increase the manufacturing capacity of our Semiconductor Test & Inspection segment facility located in Osaka, Japan.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Capital Resources
We have access to credit facilitates and other borrowings provided by financial institutions to finance acquisitions, capital expenditures and our operations if needed. A summary of our borrowings and available credit is as follows.
Credit Agreement
On October 1, 2018, we entered into a Credit Agreement providing for a $350.0 million Credit Facility and borrowed the full amount to finance a portion of the Xcerra acquisition. Loans under the Credit Facility amortize in equal quarterly installments of 0.25% of the original principal amount, with the balance payable at maturity. All outstanding principal and interest in respect of the Credit Facility must be repaid on or before October 1, 2025. The loans under the Term Loan Facility bear interest, at Cohu’s option, at a floating annual rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin of 3.00%. At June 27, 2020, the outstanding loan balance, net of discount and deferred financing costs, was $337.9 million and $2.3 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 28, 2019, the outstanding loan balance, net of discount and deferred financing costs, was $339.1 million and $2.3 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the lender may accelerate the payment terms upon the occurrence of certain events of default set forth therein, which include: the failure of Cohu to make timely payments of amounts due under the Credit Agreement, the failure of Cohu to adhere to the representations and covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement, the failure to provide notice of any event that causes a material adverse effect or to provide other required notices, upon the event that related collateral agreements become ineffective, upon the event that certain legal judgments are entered against Cohu, the insolvency of Cohu, or upon the change of control of Cohu. As of June 27, 2020, we believe no such events of default have occurred.
Kita Term Loans
As a result of our acquisition of Kita, we assumed term loans from a series of Japanese financial institutions primarily related to the expansion of Kita’s facility in Osaka, Japan. The loans are collateralized by the facility and land, carry interest rates ranging from 0.05% to 0.40%, and expire at various dates through 2036. At June 27, 2020, the outstanding loan balance was $3.7 million and $0.3 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets. At December 28, 2019, the outstanding loan balance was $3.8 million and $0.4 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets. The term loans are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Xcerra Term Loan
As a result of our acquisition of Xcerra, we assumed a term loan related to the purchase of Xcerra’s facility in Rosenheim, Germany. The loan is payable over 10 years at an annual interest rate of 2.35%. Principal plus accrued interest is due quarterly over the duration of the term loan ending in March 2024. At June 27, 2020, the outstanding loan balance was $1.3 million and $0.3 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets. At December 28, 2019, the outstanding loan balance was $1.5 million and $0.3 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets. The term loan is denominated in Euros and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Construction Loans
On July 26, 2019, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries located in Germany entered into two construction loans (“Loan Facilities”) with a German financial institution providing total borrowing of €8.6 million. The Loan Facilities have 10-year and 15-year terms, which commenced on August 1, 2019, the initial draw-down date. Additionally, on June 16, 2020, a third construction loan with the same financial institution was entered into providing total borrowing of €1.5 million. This loan facility has a 10-year term, which has not commenced. The Loan Facilities are being utilized to finance the expansion of our facility in Kolbermoor, Germany, enabling us to combine the operations of multiple subsidiaries in one location as part of our previously announced strategic restructuring program. The Loan Facilities are secured by the land and the existing building on the site and bear interest at agreed upon rates based on separate €3.4 million, €5.2 million and €1.5 million facility amounts.
On August 1, 2019, the full €3.4 million was drawn under the first facility, which is payable over 10 years at an annual interest rate of 0.8%. Interest payments only are required to be made each quarter starting in September 2019 with principal and interest payments due each quarter starting in the month of December 2021. Principal repayments will be made over 8 years starting at the end of 2021.
Through June 27, 2020, we drew €4.1 million under the second facility, which is payable over 15 years at an annual interest rate of 1.05%. Interest only payments are required to be made each month starting in December 2019 with principal and interest payments due each month starting in the month of May 2020. Principal repayments will be made over 15 years starting at the end of May 2020. As of June 27, 2020, €1.1 million had not been drawn under the second facility and is expected to be drawn in the second half of 2020.
Through June 27, 2020, no amounts have been drawn under the third facility. Future amounts, if drawn, will be payable over 10 years at an annual interest rate of 1.2%. Interest payments are required to be made each month starting in the month following the first draw-down date with principal and interest payments due each month starting in the month of May 2021. Principal repayments will be made over 10 years starting at the end of May 2021.
At June 27, 2020 and December 28, 2019, total outstanding borrowings under the Loan Facilities was $8.4 million and $5.5 million with $0.4 million and $0.3 million of the total outstanding balance being presented as current installments of long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets based on contractual due dates, respectively. The loans are denominated in Euros and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Lines of Credit
As a result of our acquisition of Kita, we assumed a series of revolving credit facilities with various financial institutions in Japan. The credit facilities renew monthly and provide Kita with access to working capital totaling up to $9.0 million. At June 27, 2020, total borrowings outstanding under the revolving lines of credit were $4.7 million. As these credit facility agreements renew monthly, they have been included in short-term borrowings in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The revolving lines of credit are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.
Our wholly owned Ismeca subsidiary has one available line of credit which provides it with borrowings of up to a total of 2.0 million Swiss Francs, a portion of which is reserved for tax guarantees. At June 27, 2020 and December 28, 2019, no amounts were outstanding under this line of credit.
We also have a letter of credit facility (“LC Facility”) under which Bank of America, N.A., has agreed to administer the issuance of letters of credit on our behalf. The LC Facility requires us to maintain deposits of cash or other approved investments in amounts that approximate our outstanding letters of credit and contains customary restrictive covenants. In addition, our wholly owned subsidiary, Xcerra, has arrangements with various financial institutions for the issuance of letters of credit and bank guarantees. As of June 27, 2020, $0.3 million was outstanding under standby letters of credit and bank guarantees.
We expect that we will continue to make capital expenditures to support our business and we anticipate that present working capital will be sufficient to meet our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Cohu, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
June 27, 2020
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Contractual Obligations: Our significant contractual obligations consist of liabilities for debt, operating leases, unrecognized tax benefits, pensions, post-retirement benefits and warranties. There were no material changes to these obligations outside the ordinary course of business from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 28, 2019.
Commitments to contract manufacturers and suppliers: From time to time, we enter into commitments with our vendors and outsourcing partners to purchase inventory at fixed prices or in guaranteed quantities. We are not able to determine the aggregate amount of such purchase orders that represent contractual obligations, as purchase orders may represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. Our purchase orders are based on our current manufacturing needs and are fulfilled by our vendors within relatively short time horizons. We typically do not have significant agreements for the purchase of raw materials or other goods specifying minimum quantities or set prices that exceed our expected requirements for the next three months.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements: During the ordinary course of business, we provide standby letters of credit instruments to certain parties as required. As of June 27, 2020, $0.3 million was outstanding under standby letters of credit.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Investment and Interest Rate Risk.
At June 27, 2020, our investment portfolio included short-term fixed-income investment securities with a fair value of approximately $0.9 million. These securities are subject to interest rate risk and will likely decline in value if interest rates increase. Our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates. As we classify our short-term securities as available-for-sale, no gains or losses are recognized due to changes in interest rates unless such securities are sold prior to maturity or declines in fair value are determined to be credit-related. Due to the relatively short duration of our investment portfolio, an immediate ten percent change in interest rates would have no material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
We evaluate our investments periodically for possible other-than-temporary impairment by reviewing factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient for anticipated recovery of market value. As of June 27, 2020, we held no investments with loss positions.
Our long-term debt is carried at amortized cost and immaterial fluctuations in interest rates do not impact our consolidated financial statements. However, the fair value of our debt will generally fluctuate with movements of interest rates, increasing in periods of declining rates of interest and declining in periods of increasing rates of interest. As of June 27, 2020, we have approximately $337.9 million of long-term debt under a Credit Facility that is subject to quarterly interest payments that are based on either a base rate plus a margin of up to 2.0% per annum, or the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a margin of up to 3.0% per annum. The selection of the interest rate formula is at our discretion. The interest rate otherwise payable under the Credit Facility will be subject to increase by 2.0% per annum during the continuance of a payment default and may be subject to increase by 2.0% per annum with respect to the overdue principal amount of any loans outstanding and overdue interest payments and other overdue fees and amounts. At June 27, 2020, the interest rate in effect on these borrowings was 3.2%. In July 2017, the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. After 2021, it is unclear whether banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR, and no consensus currently exists as to what benchmark rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR. In the United States, efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates include proposals by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee that has been convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. We cannot currently predict the effect of the discontinuation of, or other changes to, LIBOR or any establishment of alternative reference rates in the United States, the European Union or elsewhere on the global capital markets. The uncertainty regarding the future of LIBOR, as well as the transition from LIBOR to any alternative reference rate or rates, could have adverse impacts on floating rate obligations, loans, deposits, derivatives and other financial instruments that currently use LIBOR as a benchmark rate. Our Term B Loan facility constitutes our most significant exposure to this transition and there is no guarantee that a shift from LIBOR to a new reference rate will not result in increases to our borrowing costs.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk.
We have operations in several foreign countries and conduct business in the local currency in these countries. As a result, we have risk associated with currency fluctuations as the value of foreign currencies fluctuate against the U.S. dollar, in particular the Swiss Franc, Euro, Malaysian Ringgit, Chinese Yuan, Philippine Peso and Japanese Yen. These fluctuations can impact our reported earnings.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates also impact the U.S. Dollar amount of our net investment in foreign operations. The assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense accounts are translated at an average exchange rate during the period which approximates the rates in effect at the transaction dates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. As a result of fluctuations in certain foreign currency exchange rates in relation to the U.S. Dollar as of June 27, 2020, compared to December 28, 2019, our stockholders’ equity decreased by $1.0 million.
Based upon the current levels of net foreign assets, a hypothetical 10% devaluation of the U.S. Dollar as compared to these currencies as of June 27, 2020 would result in an approximate $39.7 million positive translation adjustment recorded in other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity. Conversely, a hypothetical 10% appreciation of the U.S. Dollar as compared to these currencies as of June 27, 2020 would result in an approximate $39.7 million negative translation adjustment recorded in other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.
It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the three months ended June 27, 2020, we did not make any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
The information set forth above under Note 11 contained in the "Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also impair our business operations. The risk factors set forth below with an asterisk (*) next to the title contain substantive changes to the description of the risk factors associated with our business as previously disclosed in Item 1A to our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. If any of the events or circumstances described in the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could suffer, and the trading price of our common stock and our market capitalization could decline.
* The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and is continuing to adversely affect, our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and is continuing to adversely affect, our business, financial condition and results of operations. As the COVID-19 virus has spread rapidly and globally, and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place orders, and shutdowns, including in many of the jurisdictions where we operate. These measures have adversely impacted, and are continuing to adversely impact, our workforce and operations, the operations of our customers, and those of our respective vendors and suppliers. We have significant operations in the U.S., Germany, Switzerland, Malaysia, Japan and the Philippines, and each of these countries has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. For instance, our primary manufacturing facilities in Malaysia and the Philippines were partially operating between March and May 2020 due to government-mandated movement control orders. Any resurgence in cases in these locales could cause operations to be immediately disrupted again. Although we believe that Cohu qualifies as an “essential business” in the jurisdictions in which we operate, our business has been, and is continuing to be, adversely impacted by evolving and extended public health requirements around the world, government-mandated facility shutdowns, import/export, shipping and logistics disruptions and delays, other supply chain and distribution constraints or delays, rapid changes to business, political or regulatory conditions affecting the semiconductor equipment industry and the overall global economy, availability of employees and lost employee productivity, risks associated with temporarily housing employees in our Malaysia and Philippines factories, remote working IT and increased cybersecurity risks, increased internal control risks over financial reporting as key finance staff work remotely, delayed product development programs, customers’ canceling, pushing out orders or refusal to accept product deliveries, delayed collection of receivables, other actions of our customers, suppliers and competitors which may be sudden and inconsistent with our expectations, additional credit rating agency downgrades could occur which would increase the company’s cost of raising capital, and potential additional impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets or inventory write-downs due to lower product demand may become necessary.
During second quarter 2020, we had to utilize higher cost suppliers for certain components when incumbent suppliers were unable to deliver, and incurred material product cost increases particularly in our test contactor business. We also incurred, and continue to occur, materially increased shipping and logistics expenses. There is high uncertainty regarding the duration, severity and potential reoccurrence the COVID-19 virus and associated restrictive measures. In fact, sudden increases in California COVID-19 cases in the 2020 summer months are impacting and delaying our office staff employee return to work plans. Any such reoccurrences of the COVID-19 virus and associated restrictions can limit our capacity to meet customer demand and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased global economic and demand uncertainty, including certain segments of the semiconductor market, and we are unable to predict the extent and duration of the global economic slowdown. Such adverse impact on the global economy will adversely affect our performance, financial condition and results of operations. Given the rapid development and fluidity of the outbreak, it is unclear whether the present slowdown in sales will be temporary and whether such sales will be recoverable in the future. If any such lost sales were not recoverable in the future, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Also, given the market uncertainty, it is difficult to provide forward-looking financial guidance to our investors, and we withdrew first quarter 2020 guidance and, while we have again provided quarterly guidance, we may withdrawal future guidance again in the future or may not provide financial guidance at all.
To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect the global economy, and/or adversely affects our business, operations or financial performance, it may also have the effect of increasing the likelihood and/or magnitude of other risks described in the “Risk Factors” set forth in this Item 1A. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic may also affect our business, operations or financial performance in ways that are not presently known to us or that we currently do not expect to present significant risks to our business, operations or financial performance. Any such future developments are dependent upon factors including, but are not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, the size and effectiveness of the compensating measures taken by governments, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume, none of which can be predicted at this time. We are continuing to closely monitor the adverse effects and impact on our operations, businesses and financial performance.
* Cohu cannot provide any assurance that it will reinstate the payment of any regular cash dividends in the future.
On May 5, 2020, we announced that, given the ongoing impact and uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic on semiconductor test and inspection demand, our Board of Directors has suspended Cohu’s quarterly cash dividend, which will result in approximately $10 million of annualized cash savings. Cohu may not reinstate the payment of any cash dividends in the future for various reasons, including the following:
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given weak market conditions throughout 2019, followed by the COVID-19 global pandemic, we may continue to determine actions to preserve cash; |
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Cohu may continue to prioritize its cash toward paying down its debt, for product development projects, acquisitions and/or making other strategic investments; |
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Cohu may continue to desire to retain cash to maintain or improve its credit ratings; |
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as a result of the Merger and the issuance of shares of Cohu Common Stock in connection with the Merger, the total amount of cash required for Cohu to pay dividends increased; |
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Cohu’s credit agreement restricts payments of dividends under certain circumstances; |
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Cohu may not have enough cash to pay any dividends due to Cohu’s operational cash requirements, capital spending plans, debt service obligations, cash flow or financial position; |
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decisions on whether, when and in which amounts to make any future distributions will remain at all times entirely at the discretion of the Cohu Board, which reserves the right to change Cohu’s dividend practices at any time with no prior notice; and |
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the amount of dividends that Cohu’s subsidiaries may distribute to Cohu may be subject to restrictions imposed by state or foreign law, restrictions that may be imposed by state or foreign regulators, and restrictions imposed by the terms of any current or future indebtedness that these subsidiaries may incur. |
We may fail to realize all of the anticipated benefits of the Xcerra acquisition or those benefits may take longer to realize than expected.
Cohu acquired Xcerra on October 1, 2018, at which time Xcerra became a wholly owned subsidiary of Cohu (the “Merger”). Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits and synergies of the Merger depends, to a large extent, on our ability to successfully integrate Xcerra, which has been and continues to be a complex, costly and time-consuming process. The integration process may disrupt our business and, if implemented ineffectively or delayed, could restrict the realization of the full expected benefits, and could ultimately be unsuccessful. The failure to meet the challenges involved in the integration process and to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger in the time frame we initially anticipated could cause an interruption of, or a loss of momentum in, our operations and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the integration of Xcerra may result in material unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, competitive responses, and loss of employees, customers, suppliers and other business relationships. Additional integration challenges and risks include:
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difficulties entering new markets or manufacturing in new geographies where Cohu has no or limited direct prior experience; |
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such a new market for Cohu, the automated test equipment market, is intensely competitive with entrenched large competitors who are much larger than Cohu; |
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successfully managing relationships with Cohu and Xcerra’s combined supplier and customer base; |
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coordinating and integrating independent research and development and engineering teams across technologies and product platforms to enhance product development while reducing costs; |
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coordinating sales and marketing efforts to effectively position the combined company’s capabilities and the direction of product development; |
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difficulties and significant costs in integrating the systems and processes of two companies with complex operations including multiple manufacturing sites; |
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difficulties and potential loss of sales in transitioning customers from certain Xcerra products that are being discontinued and to Cohu products; |
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product manufacturing disruptions and delays as we consolidate certain manufacturing sites; |
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difficulties and errors that may occur in integrating disparate accounting staffs, processes and systems; |
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the increased scale and complexity of Cohu’s operations resulting from the Merger; |
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Cohu’s ability to achieve the targeted cost synergies within the expected time frame, and significant costs of integration and restructuring; |
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retaining key employees of Cohu and Xcerra; |
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obligations that Cohu will have to counterparties of Xcerra that arise as a result of the change in control of Xcerra; |
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legal impediments, delays and significant costs to reduce headcounts in various geographies; |
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the impact of litigation and potential liabilities we may be inheriting from Xcerra; and |
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diversion of management’s attention to integration matters. |
Many of these factors are outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues, and diversion of management’s time and energy, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and result in us becoming subject to litigation. In addition, even if Xcerra is integrated successfully, the full anticipated benefits of the Merger may not be realized, including the synergies, cost savings or sales or growth opportunities that are anticipated. These benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame, or at all. Cohu incurred $16.2 million of restructuring charges for the Xcerra acquisition during fiscal year 2019 and additional restructuring charges or unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration process. All of these factors could cause reductions in our earnings per share and decrease or delay the expected accretive effect of the Merger. As a result, it cannot be assured that the Merger will result in the realization of the full or any anticipated benefits.
We may underperform relative to our expectations.
Our business and financial performance, especially with our acquisition of Xcerra, are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. We may not be able to maintain the growth rate, levels of revenue, earnings, or operating efficiency that we and Xcerra have achieved or might achieve separately and, in fact, due to weak market conditions in 2019, sales and earnings from the Xcerra-related business declined significantly on a year-over-year basis. In addition, we believe Xcerra’s ATE products have been materially impacted by the Huawei export restrictions and may adversely affect our revenues and operating results in the near term (see risk factor entitled “Global economic and political conditions, including trade tariffs and export restrictions, have impacted our business and may continue to have an impact on our business and financial condition”). Any further underperformance could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Uncertainties underlie Cohu’s expectation that, relative to Cohu on a stand-alone basis, the Merger will be accretive to Cohu’s earnings per share.
Cohu currently believes that, relative to Cohu on a stand-alone basis, the Merger will be accretive to Cohu’s earnings per share upon completion of the ongoing restructuring and integration and after the recovery of market conditions. However, Cohu cannot give any assurance that the Merger will actually be accretive to Cohu’s earnings per share.
The use of cash and incurrence of substantial indebtedness in connection with the financing of the Merger may have an adverse impact on Cohu’s liquidity, limit Cohu’s flexibility in responding to other business opportunities and increase Cohu’s vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions.
The Merger was financed in part by using Cohu’s and Xcerra’s cash on hand and the incurrence of indebtedness. In connection with the Merger, Cohu entered into a term loan facility, with an aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million (the “Debt Financing” or “Credit Agreement”). Cohu used $160.5 million of Cohu’s and Xcerra’s cash on hand to complete the Merger. After completing the Merger and paying acquisition-related costs, Cohu’s (including Xcerra’s) cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of December 29, 2018, were approximately $165.0 million. Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of June 27, 2020 were approximately $163.6 million. The use of cash on hand and indebtedness to finance the acquisition has reduced Cohu’s liquidity and could cause Cohu to place more reliance on cash generated from operations to pay principal and interest on Cohu’s debt, thereby reducing the availability of Cohu’s cash flow for working capital, dividend and capital expenditure needs or to pursue other potential strategic plans.
Our Credit Agreement contains various representations and negative covenants that limit, subject to certain exceptions and baskets, our ability and/or our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things:
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incur or assume liens or additional debt or provide guarantees in respect of obligations of other persons; |
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issue redeemable stock and preferred stock; |
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pay cash dividends or make distributions on capital stock, repurchase, redeem or make payments on capital stock; |
| ● | enter into rate, commodity, equity or currency swap, hedging or other similar transactions; |
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make loans, investments or acquisitions; |
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enter into agreements that restrict distributions from our subsidiaries; |
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create or permit restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us or to guarantee our debt, limit our or any of our subsidiaries’ ability to create liens, or that require the grant of a lien to secure an obligation if a lien is granted to secure another obligation; |
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sell assets and capital stock of our subsidiaries; |
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enter into certain transactions with affiliates; |
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sell, transfer, license, lease or dispose of our or our subsidiaries’ assets; and |
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dissolve, liquidate, consolidate or merge with or into, or sell substantially all the assets of us and our subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to, another person. |
The restrictions contained in our Credit Agreement could adversely affect our ability to:
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finance our operations; |
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make needed capital expenditures; |
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make strategic acquisitions or investments or enter into alliances; |
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withstand a future downturn in our business or the economy in general; |
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engage in business activities, including future opportunities, that may be in our interest; and |
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plan for or react to market conditions or otherwise execute our business strategies. |
A breach of any of these negative covenants could result in a default under the Credit Agreement. Further, additional indebtedness that we incur in the future may subject us to further covenants. Our failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under the agreements governing the relevant indebtedness. The lender may accelerate the payment terms of the Credit Agreement upon the occurrence of certain events of default set forth therein, which include: the failure of Cohu to make timely payments of amounts due under the Credit Agreement, the failure of Cohu to adhere to the representations and covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement, the failure to provide notice of any event that causes a material adverse effect or to provide other required notices, upon the event that related collateral agreements become ineffective, upon the event that certain legal judgments are entered against Cohu, the insolvency of Cohu, or upon the change of control of Cohu. Any event that could require us to repay debt prior to its due date could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to comply with covenants contained in such debt agreements may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. Even if we are able to comply with all of the applicable covenants, the restrictions on our ability to manage our business in our sole discretion could adversely affect our business by, among other things, limiting our ability to take advantage of financings, mergers, acquisitions and other corporate opportunities that we believe would be beneficial to us. In addition, our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured, on a first-priority basis, and such security interests could be enforced in the event of default by the collateral agent for the Credit Agreement.
Changes in the method of determining the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), or the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate, may adversely affect interest rates.
Interest rates under our Credit Agreement are calculated using LIBOR. On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021 and it is unclear whether new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established. If LIBOR ceases to exist after 2021, a comparable or successor reference rate must be negotiated and agreed among the Administrative Agent, the Company and certain lenders under the Credit Agreement. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with a newly created index, calculated based on repurchase agreements backed by treasury securities. It is not possible to predict the effect of these changes, other reforms or the establishment of alternative reference rates in the United Kingdom, the United States or elsewhere. To the extent these interest rates increase, our interest expense will increase, which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Cohu has total consolidated debt of $356.0 million and because of such high debt levels we may not be able to service our debt obligations in accordance with their terms; the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act severely limits the deductibility of interest expense.
Cohu’s ability to meet its expense and debt service obligations contained in the Debt Financing agreements will depend on Cohu’s future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors, including potential changes in industry conditions, industry supply and demand balance, customer preferences, the success of Cohu’s products, pressure from competitors, and Cohu’s ability to successfully integrate Xcerra in a timely manner. In addition, Cohu is subject to interest rate risks, and continuing increases in interest rates will increase Cohu’s debt service obligations. Should combined Cohu and Xcerra revenues continue to decline after the Merger (on a year-over-year basis), as they did in fiscal year 2019, Cohu may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to pay its debt service obligations when due. If Cohu is unable to meet its debt service obligations after the Merger or should Cohu fail to comply with the covenants contained in the agreements governing its indebtedness, Cohu may be required to refinance all or part of its debt, sell important strategic assets at unfavorable prices, incur additional indebtedness or issue Cohu Common Stock or other equity securities. Cohu may not be able to, at any given time, refinance its debt, sell assets, incur additional indebtedness or issue equity securities on terms acceptable to Cohu, in amounts sufficient to meet Cohu’s needs or at all. If Cohu is able to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or equity-linked securities, such issuance would also result in dilution to Cohu’s stockholders. Cohu’s inability to service its debt obligations or refinance its debt could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial conditions or operating results after the Merger. In addition, Cohu’s debt obligations may limit its ability to make required investments in capacity, technology or other areas of its business, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial conditions or operating results. Furthermore, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act limits the deductibility of interest expense in a given year to 30% of adjusted taxable income, as defined; the CARES Act temporarily increased this limitation to 50% for 2019 and 2020. This resulted in the inability of Cohu to utilize a substantial portion of its interest expense deductions in 2018, 2019 and 2020 and may impact our ability to utilize future deductions. However, the Act permits indefinite carryforward of any disallowed business interest, subject to Internal Revenue Code section 382 limitations on utilization.
The issuance of shares of our common stock in connection with the Merger, and any future offerings of securities by us, will dilute our shareholders’ ownership interest in the company.
The Merger was financed in part by the issuance of additional shares of our common stock to shareholders of Xcerra, comprised approximately 11.8 million shares of common stock, or approximately 29% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock immediately after completing the Merger. These issuances of additional shares of our common stock have diluted shareholders’ ownership interest in our company, and shareholders now have a proportionately reduced ownership and voting interest in our company as a result of completion of the Merger.
Because a significant portion of Cohu’s total assets are represented by goodwill, which is subject to mandatory impairment evaluation, and other intangibles, Cohu could be required to write off some or all of this goodwill and other intangibles, which may adversely affect the combined company’s financial condition and results of operations.
Cohu has accounted for the acquisition of Xcerra using the purchase method of accounting. A portion of the purchase price for this business was allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities based on estimated fair values at the date of consummation of the merger. 46.0% of Cohu’s total assets are comprised of goodwill and other intangibles, of which approximately$239.0 million is allocated to goodwill. In accordance with the ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, goodwill and certain other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are reviewed at least annually for impairment, or more frequently if there are indications of impairment. Significant declines in the price of Cohu’s common stock, as we saw in third fiscal quarter 2019, could increase the risk of an impairment. All other intangible assets are subject to periodic amortization. Cohu evaluates the remaining useful lives of other intangibles each quarter to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. If we are unable to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger, when Cohu performs future impairment tests, it is possible that the carrying value of goodwill or other intangible assets could exceed their implied fair value and therefore would require adjustment. Such adjustment would result in a charge to operating income in that period. For example, in first quarter 2020, Cohu recorded an impairment charge of approximately $3.9 million to adjust IPR&D assets obtained in the acquisition of Xcerra to their current fair value. There can be no assurance that there will not be further adjustments for impairment in future periods.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, and current and potential stockholders may lose confidence in our financial reporting.
We are required by the Securities and Exchange Commission to establish and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting that provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. We are likewise required, on a quarterly basis, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls and to disclose any changes and material weaknesses in those internal controls.
Completing the Merger has significantly increased the size, number of employees, global operations and complexity of Cohu’s business. Although we believe that we have adequate internal controls in place at this time, we cannot be certain that, with significantly greater global complexity, we will be able to maintain adequate internal control over our financial reporting in future periods. Any failure to maintain such internal controls could adversely impact our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis. If our financial statements are not accurate, investors may not have a complete understanding of our operations. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis as required by the Securities and Exchange Commission and Nasdaq Global Select Market, we could face severe consequences from those authorities. In either case, there could result a material adverse effect on our business. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.
Cohu has discovered and may discover additional liabilities or deficiencies associated with Xcerra that were not identified in advance.
We may discover liabilities, product return issues or deficiencies associated with Xcerra that were not identified in advance, which may result in significant unanticipated costs, including potential accounting and tax charges. The effectiveness of our due diligence review and our ability to evaluate the results of such due diligence are ultimately dependent upon the accuracy and completeness of statements and disclosures made or actions taken by Xcerra, as well as the limited amount of time in which the acquisition was executed. For example, since closing the Merger, we have incurred material product returns and associated expenses and were required to make material customer pricing concessions in order to resolve various Xcerra product issues. Any further unexpected liabilities, product return issues or deficiencies associated with Xcerra could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We are exposed to other risks associated with other acquisitions, investments and divestitures.
As part of our business strategy, we will continue to regularly evaluate investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, joint ventures, services and technologies, and we expect that periodically we will continue to make such investments and acquisitions in the future. Acquisitions and investments involve numerous risks, including, but not limited to:
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difficulties and increased costs in connection with integration of the personnel, operations, technologies and products of acquired businesses; |
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increasing the scope, geographic diversity and complexity of our business; |
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the cost and risk of having to potentially develop new and unfamiliar sales channels for acquired businesses; |
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diversion of management’s attention from other operational matters; |
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the potential loss of key employees, customers or suppliers of Cohu or acquired businesses; |
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lack of synergy, or the inability to realize expected synergies, resulting from the acquisition; |
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potential unknown liabilities associated with the acquired businesses; |
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failure to commercialize purchased technology; |
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the impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill that could result in significant charges to operating results in future periods; and |
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challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences. |
We may decide to finance future acquisitions and investments through a combination of borrowings, proceeds from equity or debt offerings and the use of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. If we finance acquisitions or investments by issuing equity-linked (such as convertible debt) or equity securities, our existing stockholders may be diluted which would likely affect the market price of our stock. For example, the Merger resulted in significant dilution wherein it was financed in part by the issuance of additional shares of our common stock to shareholders of Xcerra, comprised approximately 11.8 million shares of common stock, or approximately 29% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock immediately after completing the Merger.
Mergers, acquisitions and investments are inherently risky and the inability to effectively manage these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. At December 28, 2019, we had goodwill and net purchased intangible assets balances of $238.7 million and $275.0 million, respectively.
Further, as a strategy to pay down long-term debt, we expect to continue to evaluate and pursue divestitures of assets that management determines to be non-core to our overall business strategy. Any such divestitures may distract Cohu’s management team, disrupt employees, may not yield attractive valuations, may incur material restructuring and transaction expenses and tax obligations, and may otherwise be unsuccessful.
We are making investments in new products to enter new markets, which may adversely affect our operating results; these investments may not be successful.
Given the highly competitive and rapidly evolving technology environment in which we operate, we believe it is important to develop new product offerings to meet strategic opportunities as they evolve. This includes developing products that we believe are necessary to meet the future needs of the marketplace. We are currently significantly investing in new product development programs to enable us to compete in the test contactor markets, while also investing in next generation test handlers and automated test equipment. For example, in fiscal year 2019, we incurred $86.1 million in research and development expenses. We expect to continue to make investments and we may at any time, based on product need or marketplace demand, decide to significantly increase our product development expenditures in these or other products. The cost of investments in new product offerings can have a negative impact on our operating results. There can be no assurance that new products we develop will be accepted in the marketplace or generate material revenues for us.
We are exposed to the risks of operating a global business.
We are a global corporation with offices and subsidiaries in certain foreign locations to manufacture our products, support our sales and services to the global semiconductor industry and, as such, we face risks in doing business abroad. Certain aspects inherent in transacting business internationally could negatively impact our operating results, including:
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costs and difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; |
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legislative or regulatory requirements and potential changes in or interpretations of requirements in the United States and in the countries in which we manufacture or sell our products; |
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trade restrictions, including treaty changes, sanctions and the suspension of export licenses; |
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compliance with and changes in import/export tariffs and regulations; |
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complex labor laws and privacy regulations; |
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difficulties in enforcing contractual and intellectual property rights; |
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longer payment cycles; |
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health epidemics; such as the COVID-19 pandemic; |
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local political and economic conditions; |
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natural disasters and geopolitical instability; |
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complex tax laws and potentially adverse tax consequences, including restrictions on repatriating earnings and the threat of “double taxation;” and |
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fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. Dollar, which can affect demand for our products and increase our costs. |
To highlight the complexity of foreign labor laws, in 2019, we incurred $9.5 million of severance and related costs to downsize and reduce headcount by approximately 105 employees in our Rosenheim, Germany facility, and we would incur material amounts of additional severance costs in the future should we determine to undertake other headcount reduction activities in foreign locations. Additionally, managing geographically dispersed operations presents difficult challenges associated with organizational alignment and infrastructure, communications and information technology, inventory control, customer relationship management, terrorist threats and related security matters and cultural diversities. If we are unsuccessful in managing such operations effectively, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.
We continue to monitor global privacy laws and legislation to determine its impact on our business. We do not sell to consumers nor process individual credit card information, but do maintain certain personally identifiable information on our employees. Such employee information may be subject to the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the recently effective California Consumer Protection Act. We believe that we have implemented reasonable procedures and internal controls in compliance with these laws, but should such actions be insufficient, we may be subject to regulatory investigations, fines and legal costs.
* We have manufacturing operations in Asia. Any failure to effectively manage multiple manufacturing sites and to secure raw materials meeting our quality, cost and other requirements, or failures by our suppliers to perform, could harm our sales, service levels and reputation.
Our reliance on overseas manufacturers exposes us to significant risks including complex management, foreign currency, legal, tax and economic risks, which we may not be able to address quickly and adequately. In addition, it is time consuming and costly to qualify overseas supplier relationships. If we should fail to effectively manage overseas manufacturing operations or logistics, or if one or more of them should experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems, or if we had to change or add additional manufacturing sites, our ability to ship products to our customers could be delayed. Also, the addition of overseas manufacturing locations increases the demands on our administrative and operations infrastructure and the complexity of our supply chain management and logistics. Our overseas sites are more susceptible to impacts from natural disasters, health epidemics and geopolitical instability (see risk factors entitled “The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and is continuing to adversely affect, our business, financial condition and results of operations” and “The occurrence of natural disasters, health epidemics, and geopolitical instability caused by terrorist attacks and other threats may adversely impact our operations and sales”). If our overseas manufacturing locations are unable to meet our manufacturing requirements in a timely manner, our ability to ship products and to realize the related revenues when anticipated could be materially affected.
Our suppliers are subject to the fluctuations in general economic cycles, and global economic conditions may impact their ability to operate their businesses. They may also be impacted by possible import, export, tariff and other trade barriers, increasing costs of raw materials, labor and distribution, resulting in demands for less attractive contract terms or an inability for them to meet our requirements or conduct their own businesses. The performance and financial condition of a supplier may cause us to alter our business terms or to cease doing business with a particular supplier, or change our sourcing practices generally, which could in turn adversely affect our own business and financial condition.
Failure of critical suppliers to deliver sufficient quantities of parts in a timely and cost-effective manner could adversely impact our operations.
We use numerous vendors to supply parts, components and subassemblies for the manufacture of our products. It is not always possible to maintain multiple qualified suppliers for all of our parts, components and subassemblies. As a result, many key parts may be available only from a single supplier (“sole source”) or a limited number of suppliers. In addition, suppliers may significantly raise prices or cease manufacturing certain components (with or without advance notice to us) that are difficult to replace without significant reengineering of our products. On occasion, we have experienced problems in obtaining adequate and reliable quantities of various parts and components from certain key or sole source suppliers. Our results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted if we do not receive sufficient parts to meet our requirements in a timely and cost-effective manner.
* The semiconductor industry we serve is seasonal, volatile and unpredictable.
Visibility into our markets is limited. The semiconductor equipment business is highly dependent on the overall strength of the semiconductor industry. Historically, the semiconductor industry has been seasonal with recurring periods of oversupply and excess capacity, which often have had a significant effect on the semiconductor industry’s demand for capital equipment, including equipment of the type we manufacture and market. We anticipate that the markets for newer generations of semiconductors and semiconductor equipment will also be subject to similar cycles and severe downturns. Any significant reductions in capital equipment investment by semiconductor integrated device manufacturers and test subcontractors will materially and adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations. In addition, the seasonal, volatile and unpredictable nature of semiconductor equipment demand has in the past and may in the future expose us to significant excess and obsolete and lower of cost or net realizable value inventory write-offs and reserve requirements. In 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded pre-tax inventory-related charges of approximately $4.1 million, $1.4 million, and $1.1 million, respectively, primarily as a result of changes in customer forecasts. In the second half of 2018 and throughout 2019, we saw significantly weakened demand in automotive, mobility and consumer market segments, and overall geographic weakness in China and Taiwan. These trends adversely affected our second half 2018 results and full year 2019 results. Such adverse trends have materially impacted all of our business areas, including the businesses conducted by Xcerra. In 2019 and 2018 we incurred $2.7 million and $19.1 million, respectively, of inventory charges related to the decision to end manufacturing of certain of Xcerra’s semiconductor test handler products, and these charges may be insufficient as market conditions and demand changes. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lower product demand has increased the risks that excess and obsolete and lower of cost or net realizable value inventory write-offs may be required.
Due to the nature of our business, we need continued access to capital, which if not available to us or if not available on favorable terms, could harm our ability to operate or expand our business.
Our business requires capital to finance accounts receivable and product inventory that is not financed by trade creditors when our business is expanding. If cash from available sources is insufficient or cash is used for unanticipated needs, we may require additional capital sooner than anticipated.
We believe that our existing sources of liquidity, including cash resources and cash provided by operating activities will provide sufficient resources to meet our working capital and cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. In the event we are required, or elect, to raise additional funds, we may be unable to do so on favorable terms, or at all, and may incur expenses in raising the additional funds and increase our interest rate exposure, and any future indebtedness could adversely affect our operating results and severely limit our ability to plan for, or react to, changes in our business or industry. Further, under our Credit Agreement, we are significantly limited by financial and other negative covenants in our credit arrangements, including limitations on our borrowing of additional funds and issuing dividends. At any time in the future, we may determine to issue new equity-linked (such as convertible debt) or equity securities in order to pay down long-term debt or for other corporate purposes. In such case, existing stockholders may be diluted which would likely affect the market price of our stock. Any such new equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing holders of common stock. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements. Any inability to raise additional capital when required could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
The semiconductor equipment industry is intensely competitive.
The semiconductor equipment industry is intensely competitive, and we face substantial competition from numerous companies throughout the world. The test handler industry, while relatively small in terms of worldwide market size compared to other segments of the semiconductor equipment industry, has several participants resulting in intense competitive pricing pressures. Future competition may include companies that do not currently supply test handlers. Some of our competitors are part of larger corporations that have substantially greater financial, engineering, manufacturing and customer support capabilities and provide more extensive product offerings. In addition, there are emerging semiconductor equipment companies that provide or may provide innovative technology incorporated in products that may compete successfully against our products. We expect our competitors to continue to improve the design and performance of their current products and introduce new products with improved performance capabilities. Our failure to introduce new products in a timely manner, the introduction by our competitors of products with perceived or actual advantages, or disputes over rights to use certain intellectual property or technology could result in a loss of our competitive position and reduced sales of, or margins on our existing products. Intense competition has adversely impacted our product average selling prices and gross margins on certain products. If we are unable to reduce the cost of our existing products and successfully introduce new lower cost products, then we expect that these competitive conditions would negatively impact our gross margin and operating results in the foreseeable future.
We have increased investments in our test contactor business and announced significant growth targets for the business over the next several years, but due to weak market conditions we did not achieve our growth goals in 2019. The test contactor market is fragmented, with many entrenched regional players, and subject to intense price competition and high customer support requirements. We believe that customer support and responsiveness and an ability to consistently meet tight deadlines is critical to our success. If we are unable to reduce the cost of our test contactor products, while also meeting customer support requirements and deadlines, then we expect that these competitive conditions would negatively impact our gross margin and operating results in the foreseeable future.
In addition, with the Xcerra acquisition, Cohu entered the automated test equipment (“ATE”) market. Our ability to increase our ATE sales will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain orders from new customers. Semiconductor and electronics manufacturers typically select a particular vendor’s product for testing new generations of a device and make substantial investments to develop related test program applications and interfaces. Once a manufacturer has selected an ATE vendor for a new generation of a device, that manufacturer is more likely to purchase systems from that vendor for that generation of the device, and, possibly, subsequent generations of that device as well. Further, Cohu has a niche position and relatively low share in the ATE market, and this market is primarily driven by two larger companies with significantly more resources to invest into the ATE market. Therefore, the opportunities to obtain orders from new customers or existing customers may be limited, which may impair our ability to grow our ATE revenue. In fact, as market conditions have weakened, we have seen a material reduction in sales within our ATE business. These developments may materially and adversely affect our current and future target markets and our ability to compete successfully in those markets.
Semiconductor equipment is subject to rapid technological change, product introductions and transitions which may result in inventory write-offs, and our new product development involves numerous risks and uncertainties.
Semiconductor equipment and processes are subject to rapid technological change. We believe that our future success will depend in part on our ability to enhance existing products and develop new products with improved performance capabilities. We expect to continue to invest heavily in research and development and must manage product transitions successfully, as introductions of new products, including the products obtained in our acquisitions, may adversely impact sales and/or margins of existing products. In addition, the introduction of new products by us or by our competitors, the concentration of our revenues in a limited number of large customers, the migration to new semiconductor testing methodologies and the custom nature of our inventory parts increases the risk that our established products and related inventory may become obsolete, resulting in significant excess and obsolete inventory exposure. This exposure resulted in charges to operations during each of the years in the three-year period ended December 28, 2019. Future inventory write-offs and increased inventory reserve requirements could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
The design, development, commercial introduction and manufacture of new semiconductor equipment is an inherently complex process that involves a number of risks and uncertainties. These risks include potential problems in meeting customer acceptance and performance requirements, integration of the equipment with other suppliers’ equipment and the customers’ manufacturing processes, transitioning from product development to volume manufacturing and the ability of the equipment to satisfy the semiconductor industry’s constantly evolving needs and achieve commercial acceptance at prices that produce satisfactory profit margins. The design and development of new semiconductor equipment is heavily influenced by changes in integrated circuit assembly, test and final manufacturing processes and integrated circuit package design changes. We believe that the rate of change in such processes and integrated circuit packages is accelerating. As a result of these changes and other factors, assessing the market potential and commercial viability of handling, ATE, MEMS, system-level and burn-in test equipment and test contactors is extremely difficult and subject to a great deal of risk. In addition, not all integrated circuit manufacturers employ the same manufacturing processes. Differences in such processes make it difficult to design standard test products that can achieve broad market acceptance. As a result, we might not accurately assess the semiconductor industry’s future equipment requirements and fail to design and develop products that meet such requirements and achieve market acceptance. Failure to accurately assess customer requirements and market trends for new semiconductor test products may have a material adverse impact on our operations, financial condition and results of operations.
The transition from product development to the manufacture of new semiconductor equipment is a difficult process and delays in product introductions and problems in manufacturing such equipment are common. We have in the past and may in the future experience difficulties in manufacturing and volume production of our new equipment. In addition, as is common with semiconductor equipment, after sale support and warranty costs have typically been significantly higher with new products than with our established products. Future technologies, processes and product developments may render our current or future product offerings obsolete and we might not be able to develop, introduce and successfully manufacture new products or make enhancements to our existing products in a timely manner to satisfy customer requirements or achieve market acceptance. Furthermore, we might not realize acceptable profit margins on such products.
* The seasonal nature of the semiconductor equipment industry places enormous demands on our employees, operations and infrastructure.
The semiconductor equipment industry is characterized by dramatic and sometimes rapid changes in demand for its products. These are generally dictated by introduction of new consumer products, launch of new model vehicles, implementation of new communications infrastructure, or in response to an increase in industrial equipment and machinery that utilizes semiconductors. A number of other factors including changes in integrated circuit design and packaging may affect demand for our products. Sudden changes in demand for semiconductor equipment commonly occur, and have a significant impact on our operations, and such changes in demand (up or down) are difficult to predict and proactively plan for. We have in the past and may in the future experience difficulties, particularly in manufacturing, in training and recruiting the large number of additions to our workforce. The volatility in headcount and business levels, combined with the seasonal nature of the semiconductor industry, may require that we invest substantial amounts in new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls. We may not be able to successfully adjust our systems, facilities and production capacity to meet our customers’ changing requirements. Any inability to meet such requirements will have an adverse impact on our business, financial position and results of operations. For example, in the second half of 2018 and throughout 2019, we saw significantly weakened demand in automotive, mobility and consumer market segments, and overall geographic weakness in China and Taiwan. These trends adversely affected our second half 2018 results and full year 2019 results. Further, driven by COVID-19 economic impacts, the automotive segment continued to weaken in the first half of 2020.
Global economic conditions may have an impact on our business and financial condition in ways that we currently cannot predict.
Our operations and financial results depend on worldwide economic conditions and their impact on levels of business spending. Continued uncertainties may reduce future sales of our products and services. While we believe we have a strong customer base and have experienced strong collections in the past, if the current market conditions deteriorate, we may experience increased collection times and greater write-offs, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow.
In addition, the tightening of credit markets and concerns regarding the availability of credit may make it more difficult for our customers to raise capital, whether debt or equity, to finance their purchases of capital equipment, including the products we sell. Delays in our customers’ ability to obtain such financing, or the unavailability of such financing would adversely affect our product sales and revenues and therefore harm our business and operating results. Possible import, export, tariff and other trade barriers, which could be imposed by Asia, the United States, other countries or the European Union might also have a material adverse effect on our operating results. We cannot predict the timing, duration of or effect on our business of an economic slowdown or the timing or strength of a subsequent recovery.
* Global economic and political conditions, including trade tariffs and export restrictions, have impacted our business and may continue to have an impact on our business and financial condition.
In fiscal year 2019, 88% of our revenue was from products shipped to customer locations outside the United States. We also purchase a significant portion of components and subassemblies from suppliers outside the United States. Additionally, a significant portion of our facilities are located outside the United States, including Malaysia, Germany, the Philippines, China and Japan.
The United States and other countries have levied tariffs and taxes on certain goods. General trade tensions between the U.S. and China have been escalating since 2018, with U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods and retaliatory Chinese tariffs on U.S. goods, and ongoing threats among the parties. If the U.S. were to impose additional tariffs on components that we or our suppliers source, our cost for such components would increase. We may also incur increases in manufacturing costs and supply chain risks due to our efforts to mitigate the impact of tariffs on our customers and our operations. Tariffs on our customers' products could also impact their sales of such end products, resulting in lower demand for our products.
We cannot predict what further actions may ultimately be taken with respect to tariffs or trade relations between the U.S. and other countries, what products may be subject to such actions, or what actions may be taken by other countries in retaliation. Further changes in trade policy, tariffs, additional taxes, restrictions on exports or other trade barriers, or restrictions on supplies, equipment, and raw materials including rare earth minerals, may limit our ability to produce products, increase our selling and/or manufacturing costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of our products, or inhibit our ability to sell products or purchase necessary components and subassemblies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
There have been significant changes in U.S. export regulations relating to China since 2019. On May 16, 2019, the Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) of the U.S. Department of Commerce added Huawei to the BIS’s Entity List, which imposes limitations on the supply of certain U.S. items and product support to Huawei (all references to Huawei include its wholly-owned subsidiary HiSilicon). In response, we conducted a review of our product line and concluded certain of our products and related support are not subject to the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”), and therefore not within the scope of the Entity List restrictions. Accordingly, we then lawfully resumed shipping certain products to Huawei. Subsequently, on May 15, 2020, BIS announced an interim final rule which amended the foreign-produced direct product rule and the Entity List to target Huawei’s acquisition of semiconductors that are the direct product of certain U.S.-origin software and technology. Essentially, the new rule is intended to prevent Huawei from using certain controlled U.S.-origin equipment, technology, and software located outside the United States to produce its products. This rule is expected to impact third parties who may provide manufacturing or test services to Huawei since such third parties will not be able to use certain controlled U.S.-origin technologies without a license to produce for Huawei. Finally, effective June 29, 2020, the BIS requires exporters to obtain a license for specified items if at the time of the export they had knowledge that the item was intended to support Chinese “military end users,” in addition to “military end uses.” This rule is expected to impact third parties who may primarily provide commercial services but also have Chinese military/government business.
Based on our evaluation of the new Huawei foreign direct product rule referenced above, we believe that our direct and indirect business in support of Huawei designs has and will continue to be materially adversely impacted, particularly our ATE business. Impacted direct and indirect Huawei annual sales are estimated to be less than 5% of Cohu’s revenue, and we expect a material portion of this lost revenue to be offset with sales to other actual and potential device customers as semiconductor market share and volumes shift to other manufacturers and away from Huawei-designed semiconductor devices. In addition, we are evaluating the potential impact of the new military rule referenced above, and cannot estimate the potential impact at this time. We believe that these collective export restrictions and the ongoing unpredictability of U.S.-China trade relations have encouraged Huawei, and more broadly other China-based companies, to actively seek to obtain a greater supply of similar or substitute products from our foreign competitors that are not subject to these restrictions, thereby decreasing our long-term competitiveness as a supplier to China-based companies. The U.S. government may impose other new export restrictions without prior notice impacting our ability (or our customers’ ability) to sell and ship products to China-based companies and any such additional restrictions may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
A limited number of customers account for a substantial percentage of our net sales.
A small number of customers have been responsible for a significant portion of our net sales. During the past five years, the percentage of our sales derived from these significant customers has varied greatly. Such variations are due to changes in the customers’ business, consolidation within the semiconductor industry and their purchase of products from our competitors. It is common in the semiconductor equipment industry for customers to purchase products from more than one equipment supplier, increasing the risk that our competitive position with a specific customer may deteriorate. No assurance can be given that we will continue to maintain our competitive position with these or other significant customers. Furthermore, we expect the percentage of our revenues derived from significant customers will vary greatly in future periods. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, orders by these or other significant customers as a result of competitive products, market conditions including end market demand for our customers’ products, outsourcing final semiconductor test to test subcontractors that are not our customers or other factors, would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the concentration of our revenues in a limited number of large customers is likely to cause significant fluctuations in our future annual and quarterly operating results.
If we cannot continue to develop, manufacture and market products and services that meet customer requirements for innovation and quality, our revenue and gross margin may suffer.
The process of developing new high technology products and services and enhancing existing products and services is complex, costly and uncertain, and any failure by us to anticipate customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends accurately could significantly harm our sales and results of operations. In addition, in the course of conducting our business, we must adequately address quality issues associated with our products and services, including defects in our engineering, design and manufacturing processes, as well as defects in third-party components included in our products. To address quality issues, we work extensively with our customers and suppliers and engage in product testing to determine the cause of quality problems and appropriate solutions. Finding solutions to quality issues can be expensive and may result in additional warranty, replacement and other costs, adversely affecting our profits. In addition, quality issues can impair our relationships with new or existing customers and adversely affect our reputation, which could lead to a material adverse effect on our operating results.
Our global Enterprise Resource Management (“ERP”) upgrade may adversely affect our business and results of operations or the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting.
We are in final development stages of a phased global replacement of our existing ERP solution and launched the first phase of such new ERP solution in first quarter 2020. The second phase and rollout is planned throughout 2020. The new solution is being developed as an enterprise solution in partnership with a leading provider of ERP tools. Additional investments in enterprise tools that focus on product life-cycle management, our customer experience, and supply chain management are in process to support our growing business. These implementations are extremely complex and time-consuming projects that involve substantial expenditures on software and implementation activities. If we do not effectively implement the system or if the system does not operate as intended, it could result in the loss or corruption of data, delayed order processing and shipments and increased costs. It could also adversely affect our financial reporting systems and our ability to produce financial reports and process transactions, the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting, and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our business and operations could suffer in the event of cybersecurity breaches.
Attempts by others to gain unauthorized access to information technology systems are becoming more sophisticated and are sometimes successful. These attempts, which might be related to industrial or other espionage, include covertly introducing malware to our computers and networks and impersonating authorized users, among others. We seek to detect and investigate all cybersecurity incidents and to prevent their recurrence, but in some cases, we might be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects. The company has been impacted by immaterial “phishing” schemes and is continuing its efforts to train employees on such risks but may still incur damages from such schemes in the future. We believe that extensive employee telework practices, implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, have increased our cybersecurity risks. The theft, unauthorized use or publication of our intellectual property and/or confidential business information could harm our competitive position, reduce the value of our investment in research and development and other strategic initiatives or otherwise adversely affect our business. To the extent that any security breach results in inappropriate disclosure of our customers' or licensees' confidential information, we may incur liability as a result. Further, any attack that disrupted our IT systems could impact our sales, financial results and stock price. In response to these risks, we expect to continue to devote additional resources to the security of our information technology systems.
* The loss of key personnel could adversely impact our business.
Certain key personnel are critical to our business. Our future operating results depend substantially upon the continued service of our key personnel, many of whom are not bound by employment or non-competition agreements. Our future operating results also depend in significant part upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, manufacturing, technical, engineering, marketing, sales and support personnel. Competition for qualified personnel, particularly those with technical skills, is intense, and we cannot ensure success in attracting or retaining qualified personnel. In addition, the cost of living in the San Diego and Bay Area, California, Boston, Massachusetts, Rosenheim and Kolbermoor, Germany, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland and Osaka, Japan areas, where the majority of our engineering personnel are located, is high and we have had difficulty in recruiting prospective employees from other locations. There may be only a limited number of persons with the requisite skills and relevant industry experience to serve in these positions and it may become increasingly difficult for us to hire personnel over time. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risks that our executives and other key employees may be suddenly unable to perform their duties due to health or other personal responsibilities. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by the loss of any of our key employees, by the failure of any key employee to perform in his or her current position, or by our inability to attract and retain skilled employees.
Third parties may violate our proprietary rights or accuse us of infringing upon their proprietary rights.
We rely on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws to establish and maintain proprietary rights in our technology and products. Any of our proprietary rights may expire due to patent life, or be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. In addition, from time-to-time, we receive notices from third parties regarding patent or copyright claims. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming to defend, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and our failure or inability to license the infringed technology or to substitute similar non-infringing technology, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We are also subject to the theft and misappropriation of intellectual property by others, including incidents relating to former employees. We believe we are taking reasonable actions to protect and improve our security, through strengthened IT infrastructure and internal controls, but if these actions are not successful our business could be adversely affected.
* A majority of our revenues are generated from exports to foreign countries, primarily in Asia, that are subject to economic and political instability and we compete against a number of Asian test handling equipment suppliers.
The majority of our export sales are made to destinations in Asia. Political or economic instability, particularly in Asia, may adversely impact the demand for capital equipment, including equipment of the type we manufacture and market (see risk factor “Global economic and political conditions, including trade tariffs and export restrictions, have impacted our business and may continue to have an impact on our business and financial condition”). In addition, we face intense competition from a number of Asian suppliers that have certain advantages over United States (U.S.) suppliers, including us. These advantages include, among other things, proximity to customers, lower cost structures, favorable tariffs and affiliation with significantly larger organizations. In addition, changes in the amount or price of semiconductors produced in Asia could impact the profitability or capital equipment spending programs of our foreign and domestic customers.
Unanticipated changes in our tax provisions, enactment of new tax laws, or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our profitability.
We are subject to income and other taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our tax liabilities are affected by, among other things, the amounts our affiliated entities charge each other for intercompany transactions. Our German subsidiaries income tax returns for 2012 to 2017 are currently under routine examination by tax authorities in Germany. We may be subject to ongoing tax examinations in various jurisdictions. Tax authorities may disagree with our intercompany charges or other matters and assess additional taxes. While we regularly assess the likely outcomes of these examinations to determine the appropriateness of our tax provision, tax audits are inherently uncertain, and an unfavorable outcome could occur. An unanticipated, unfavorable outcome in any specific period could harm our operating results for that period or future periods. The financial cost and management attention and time devoted to defending income tax positions may divert resources from our business operations, which could harm our business and profitability. Tax examinations may also impact the timing and/or amount of our refund claims. In addition, our effective tax rate in the future could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws and the discovery of new information in the course of our tax return preparation process. In particular, the carrying value of our deferred tax assets and the utilization of our net operating loss and credit carryforwards are dependent on our ability to generate future taxable income in the U.S. and other countries. Furthermore, these carryforwards may be subject to annual limitations as a result of changes in Cohu’s ownership. As a result of the acquisition of Xcerra, a greater than 50% cumulative ownership change in Xcerra triggered a significant limitation in the utilization of their net operating loss and research credit carryforwards. Cohu’s ability to use the acquired Xcerra U.S. net operating loss and credit carryforwards is subject to annual limitations as defined in sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was signed into law in the United States. The changes in the Tax Act are broad and complex and we continue to examine the impact the Tax Act may have on our business and financial results. Among its many provisions, the Tax Act imposed a mandatory one-time transition tax on undistributed foreign earnings regardless of whether they are repatriated, reduced the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, imposed limitations on the deductibility of interest and certain other corporate deductions, moved from a “worldwide” system of taxation that generally allows deferral of U.S. tax on foreign earnings until repatriated to a “territorial”/dividend exemption system with a minimum tax that will subject foreign earnings to U.S. tax when earned and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings and related-party payments, which are referred to as the global intangible low-taxed income tax and the base erosion and anti-abuse tax, respectively. In accordance with applicable SEC guidance (SAB 118), we recorded provisional amounts as of December 30, 2017, however, these provisional amounts were subject to change in 2018, due to, among other things, changes in estimates, interpretations and assumptions we have made, changes in Internal Revenue Service (IRS) interpretations, the issuance of new guidance, legislative actions, changes in accounting standards or related interpretations in response to the Tax Act and future actions by states within the United States that have not currently adopted the Tax Act. During 2018 we completed the accounting for the effects of the Tax Act and recorded an increase in our transition tax liability of approximately $5.1 million that was fully offset by the use of net operating loss carryforwards resulting in no net increase in tax expense. We must continue to address new regulations and interpretations of the Tax Act as they are issued.
Compliance with regulations may impact sales to foreign customers and impose costs.
Certain products and services that we offer require compliance with U.S. and other foreign country export and other regulations. Compliance with complex U.S. and other foreign country laws and regulations that apply to our international sales activities increases our cost of doing business in international jurisdictions and could expose us or our employees to fines and penalties. These laws and regulations include import and export requirements, the U.S. State Department International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”) and U.S. and other foreign country laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and damage to our reputation. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors or agents will not violate our policies, or that our policies will be effective in preventing all potential violations. Any such violations could include prohibitions on our ability to offer our products and services to one or more countries, and could also materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business and our operating results. Further, defending against claims of violations of these laws and regulations, even if we are successful, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses.
In addition to government regulations regarding sale and export, we are subject to other regulations regarding our products. For example, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted disclosure rules for companies that use conflict minerals in their products, with substantial supply chain verification requirements if the materials come from, or could have come from, the Democratic Republic of the Congo or adjoining countries. These new rules and verification requirements impose additional costs on us and on our suppliers and may limit the sources or increase the cost of materials used in our products. Further, if we are unable to certify that our products are conflict free, we may face challenges with our customers that could place us at a competitive disadvantage, and our reputation may be harmed.
There may be changes in, and uncertainty with respect to, legislation, regulation and governmental policy in the United States.
The change in administration in the United States has resulted and may continue to result in significant changes in, and uncertainty with respect to, legislation, regulation and government policy. Specific legislative and regulatory proposals that could have a material impact on us include, but are not limited to, infrastructure renewal programs; and modifications to international trade policy, such as approvals by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States; increased duties, tariffs or other restrictions; public company reporting requirements; environmental regulation and antitrust enforcement.
* The occurrence of natural disasters, health epidemics, and geopolitical instability caused by terrorist attacks and other threats may adversely impact our operations and sales.
Our corporate headquarters is located in San Diego, California, our Asian sales and service headquarters is located in Singapore and the majority of our sales are made to destinations in Asia. In addition, we have Asia-based manufacturing plants in Malaysia, Philippines and Japan. These regions are known for being vulnerable to natural disasters and other risks, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, fires and floods, volcanic eruptions, and geopolitical risks, which at times have disrupted the local economies. For example, a significant earthquake or tsunami could materially affect operating results. We are not insured for most losses and business interruptions of this kind, or for geopolitical or terrorism impacts, and presently have limited redundant, multiple site capacity in the event of a disaster. In the event of such disaster, our business would materially suffer.
Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of a widespread outbreak of contagious diseases, and has been and is continuing to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 global pandemic (see risk factor entitled “The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and is continuing to adversely affect, our business, financial condition and results of operations").
* Our financial and operating results may vary and fall below analysts’ estimates, or credit rating agencies may change their ratings on Cohu, any of which may cause the price of our common stock to decline or make it difficult to obtain other financing.
Our operating results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors including, but not limited to:
● seasonal, volatile and unpredictable nature of the semiconductor equipment industry;
● timing and amount of orders from customers and shipments to customers;
● customer decisions to cancel orders or push out deliveries;
● inability to recognize revenue due to accounting requirements;
● inventory write-downs;
● unexpected expenses or cost overruns in the introduction and support of products;
● inability to deliver solutions as expected by our customers; and
● intangible and deferred tax asset write-downs.
Due to these factors or other unanticipated events, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results may not be reliable indicators of our future performance. In addition, from time-to-time our quarterly financial results may fall below the expectations of the securities and industry analysts who publish reports on our company or of investors in general. This could cause the market price of our stock to decline, perhaps significantly.
In addition, as a result of the Credit Facility, we maintain credit ratings with Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”). The current Moody’s and S&P issuer credit ratings for Cohu are B2 and B, respectively. Moody’s and S&P downgraded their outlook on Cohu from B1 (to B2) and BB- (to B) on September 19, 2019 and October 16, 2019, respectively. The changes in outlook were primarily the result of Cohu's high leverage following a significant decline in operating performance year-to-date in fiscal 2019, weakness in the semiconductor industry, particularly in Cohu's mobility and automotive segments, depressed customer capital spending, and assumptions regarding Cohu’s 2019 cash consumption. Subsequently, on March 31, 2020, S&P further downgraded their outlook on Cohu from B to B-, primarily due to weaker credit metrics and the macroeconomic impact from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Any further downgrade of Cohu’s credit ratings or rating outlooks may materially and adversely affect the market price of our equity and the availability, cost or interest rate of other credit or financing. The recent rating downgrades and any further downgrades will make it more costly for Cohu or its subsidiaries to borrow money or enter into new credit facilities and to raise certain other types of capital and/or complete additional financings. Any such negative credit rating actions and the reasons for such actions could materially and adversely affect our cash flows, results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay the principal of and interest on, our debt.
* We have experienced significant volatility in our stock price.
A variety of factors may cause the price of our stock to be volatile. The stock market in general, and the market for shares of high-technology companies in particular, including ours, have experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of affected companies. During the three-year period ended June 27, 2020, the price of our common stock has ranged from $27.83 to $8.89. The price of our stock may be more volatile than the stock of other companies due to, among other factors, the unpredictable, volatile and seasonal nature of the semiconductor industry, our significant customer concentration, intense competition in the test handler and ATE industry, our limited backlog, our debt levels and high leverage, and our relatively low daily stock trading volume. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant market volatility which increases the risks of significant and sudden investment losses. The market price of our common stock is likely to continue to fluctuate significantly in the future, including fluctuations related and unrelated to our performance.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
None.
| Exhibits. |
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| 31.1 |
Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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| 31.2 |
Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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| 32.1 |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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| 32.2 |
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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| 101.INS |
Inline XBRL Instance Document |
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| 101.SCH |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
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| 101.CAL |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
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| 101.DEF |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
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| 101.LAB |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
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| 101.PRE |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
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| 104 |
Cover Page Interactive Data File |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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COHU, INC. |
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(Registrant) |
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| Date: August 4, 2020 |
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/s/ Luis A. Müller |
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Luis A. Müller |
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President & Chief Executive Officer |
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| Date: August 4, 2020 |
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/s/ Jeffrey D. Jones |
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Jeffrey D. Jones |
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Vice President, Finance & Chief Financial Officer |
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(Principal Financial & Accounting Officer) |
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