Good morning, and welcome to the Green Plains, Inc. fourth quarter and full year 2024 earnings conference call. Following the company's prepared remarks, instructions will be provided for Q&A. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. I will now turn the call over to your host, Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Boggs. Please go ahead.

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Green Plains, Inc.'s fourth quarter and full year 2024 earnings call. Joining me on today's call is Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer. There is a slide presentation available and you can find it on the investor page under the events and presentations link on our website. During this call, we will be making forward-looking statements which are predictions, projections, or other statements about future events. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could materially differ because of factors discussed in today's press release and the comments made during this conference call and in the risk factors section of our Form 10-K, Form 10-Q, and other reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not undertake any duty to update any forward-looking statement. Now I'd like to turn the call over to Todd Becker.

Thanks Phil and good morning everyone and thanks for joining our call today. As part of our ongoing strategic review as you can see we have executed a number of actions designed to improve our operating performance going forward and set ourselves up for when carbon comes on later this year in order to realize the maximum benefit from our protein oil and carbon footprint over the last several years we invested significant capital to get our new products to market and the time has come to rationalize those costs among other decisions we have made to accomplish significant cost savings and margin expansion we took the necessary step of reorganizing our corporate and commercial functions to streamline and enhance our agility and resilience and to improve alignment around our core strategic focus we have identified up to 50 million in analyzed cost savings and based on the actions we have already done this week we executed on the first 30 million of improvements already this is this included a move to smaller corporate workforce winding down some of our innovation platform attacking sg and a expenses having a smaller executive leadership team with a number of executive departures and lastly looking everything we do across the board that does not make us money. This was our natural move from innovation to commercialization, including rationalization. We knew this day would come. As a result, we may incur a small one-time restructuring charge in the first quarter, which we do not believe will be significant or material. As part of this as well, in January we made the difficult decision to shut down our 120 million gallon facility in Fairmont due to market conditions this is not just the macro ethanol market but the acute issues stemming from the flooding last spring in southern Minnesota which resulted in a short corn crop and elevated basis levels in that area which we think will last throughout the year we are keeping a skeleton crew to perform maintenance on the facility while it is in cold idle for the foreseeable future the plant also needs a new upgrade to the grain handling and drying systems and permitting in minnesota is just a long slog if market conditions dictate we can always bring this production back online but we will be careful and thoughtful on this decision and we are still planning for carbon capture to be in place at this plant but we will talk more on that with regard to carbon later in the call now on to the quarter we reported a net loss for the quarter of 54.9 million or 86 86 cents per share one thing i want you to notice though is we took a non-cash income tax charge making our number look worse and Phil will talk about the settlement later in the call although we were disappointed that our EBITDA was negative for the fourth quarter yet in full 2024 the company earned forty four point seven million dollars in EBITDA positive for the year still a disappointing result Phil will review all the specifics shortly again when we look at EBITDA for Green Plains the SG&A that plagues us is being attacked as we speak, and we cannot continue to be set up to burn our SG&A like we did this quarter. Our standalone assets performed to the market standard at many of our locations, or even sit at the top of the market stack, yet our centralized structure was too large for a smaller production footprint, and that is why we announced the restructuring today. While I can spend all day talking about the deterioration of the ethanol margins, you have heard it many times across industry earnings calls already. market fundamentals were weak with high levels of production and elevated stocks with the one bright spot being strong exports as we are on pace to set a new record this year of approximately 1.9 billion gallons and we expect 2025 to exceed that we were largely largely unhedged and open to the crush going into the fourth quarter which was wrong the wrong choice choice to make as many of our shareholders have voiced concerns with our hedging programs this quarter would have been the one to hedge. As we enter into the month two of 2025, the market has remained under pressure, yet when you look at where we have been historically in Q1 at this time, the forward curve is in better shape and position than is typical for this time of year. But we need to see either an increase in demand or a decrease in supply or both. We are watching planting attentions closely and we believe the setup for favorable industry fundamentals is in place, although the global market remains very tight on corn, so the U.S. farmer will need to act on putting serious acres in the ground. Otherwise, we are setting up for a higher-priced corn market in the future. Despite having extended seasonal maintenance at Mount Vernon during the quarter, which we said was coming on the prior call, we achieved an operating rate of 92% and expect to continue to operate in the mid-90s after the exclusion of Fairmont. Our plants continue to We operate better and better every month, and we are also focused on reducing our OPEX per gallon, as well as with many programs that are being kicked off as well there. We continued to track record for strong corn oil yields, and yields at our MSC plants continue to push the upper end on what is possible with corn oil, even exceeding 1.2 to 1.3 pounds per bushel. Ultra-high protein yields were also in line with prior quarters, and we are constantly making improvements to the process at our MSC location. The overall volumes were lower than the record levels in Q3 due to the decision to take protein downtime in the quarter at Wood River to re-baseline that plant in anticipation of carbon capture coming online later in the year. While the overall protein complex is under significant pressure from oversupply due to expanded domestic soy crushing capacity and it's becoming a bit ethanolized in that industry, There are definitely some bright spots as we move from innovation to commercialization. Just last week, we sold one of the largest aquaculture companies in the world, the largest amount of quantities we've sold to date, which will be converted to bulk vessel and as repeat business as we expect, into South America of 50% protein, which is the result of three to four years of work. We see growing interest in our 60% sequence product from those same customers and others abroad as global tightness in corn has resulted in a tightening corn gluten meal market in the destinations and the replacement product is guess what sequence and we are determined to keep in this position as a premium product and not let it be commoditized and we are pricing it accordingly our legacy pet food customers extended their contract with us once again and we continue to focus on the growing market share in premium markets with our team and our distribution partnerships on pet food the progress on carbon has been exceptional the rulemaking is supportive to our company and shareholders and we remain on track to begin capturing biogenic co2 in the second half of this year with these policies in place to support not only our decarbonized ethanol but our low-carbon renewable corn oil as well we continue to believe that the value of our net Nebraska assets are not reflected in our current share price carbon earnings are to begin later this year and will fundamentally transform the earnings power of our business and our valuation we are hearing and seeing individual transactions at a much higher multiple and per gallon valuations than traditional generation one plant without carbon capture with our reduced enterprise value based on the potential market for our decarbonized gallons the nebraska assets are more than our market cap alone and it makes absolutely no sense. And between that and our SG&A rationalization, it sets us up for a significant re-rate once again. And we are looking forward to that. And now I'll hand the call over to Phil to provide an update on the overall financial results. I'll come back on the call to provide additional color and outlook on what we just discussed, as there are a few really important factors to consider as we move forward together. Phil? Thank you, Todd.

Green Plains consolidated The estimated revenues for the fourth quarter were $584 million, which was $128.4 million or approximately 18% lower than the same period a year ago. As it has been the last couple of quarters, the lower revenue is attributable to lower market prices experienced for ethanol, dried distillers, grains, and renewable corn oil in Q4 of 24 as compared to the same period a year ago. While we have seen a decline in our commodity inputs with corn and natural gas down significantly year over year, the margin opportunity was significantly weaker for the quarter compared to the prior quarter and the prior year due to market oversupply as Todd has talked about. Our plant utilization rate was 92 percent during the fourth quarter compared to the 95 percent run rate reported in the same period last year. For the trailing four quarters, we have averaged a 94 percent utilization rate and we anticipate our operating plants to continue to perform in the mid-90 percent range of our rated capacity for the first quarter, excluding the impact of Fairmont being idled and barring any events outside of our control. For the quarter, we reported a net loss attributable to Green Plains of $54.9 million, or negative 86 cents per share, per diluted share, compared to net income of $7.2 million, or 12 cents per diluted share, for the same period in 2023. As Todd mentioned, we had negative non-cash tax adjustments to the quarter that impacted EPS. EBITDA for the quarter was negative $18.9 million compared to $44.7 million in the prior year period. Depreciation and amortization expense was lowered by $2.9 million versus a year ago at $21.4 million. For the fourth quarter, our SG&A costs for all segments, including our plants, was $25.6 million, $7.2 million lower than the prior year due to lower personnel costs and adjustments to incentive accruals. Remember this includes our plant assets and the rationalization was almost all around our non-plant costs. Interest expense of $7.7 million for the quarter, which includes the impact of debt amortization and capitalized interest, was $0.9 million favorable to the prior year's fourth quarter. This decrease compared to prior year was primarily due to lower loan balances associated with the payoff of the Green Plains partner's debt retired in the third quarter of 2024. for. Our income tax for the quarter was $7 million compared to a tax benefit of $0.3 million for the same period in 2023. As both Todd and I outlined in our earlier comments, during the quarter, we reached a settlement in principle with the IRS Independent Office of Appeals regarding our R&D tax credit for the tax years 2013 through 2018. Due to the agreement, we booked $6.2 million of tax for the year to increase our reserve for unrecognized tax benefits related to the R&D tax credit issue, net of our valuation allowance. At the end of the quarter, the federal net loss carry forward available to the company was $124.3 million, which may be carried forward indefinitely. Our normalized tax rate on a go forward basis is around 23 to 24 percent. Our liquidity position at the end of the year included $209.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, along with approximately $200.7 million available under our working capital revolver, a bit weaker due to the margin structure in the quarter. For the fourth quarter, we allocated $27 million of capital expenditures across the platform, including $6 million to our Clean Sugar initiative, about $7 million to other growth initiatives, and approximately $14 million toward maintenance, safety, and regulatory capital improvements. On a year-to-date basis, we have incurred capital expenditures of $95 million in line with our prior estimates. We anticipate plant-related CapEx for 2025 will be in the range of $20 to $35 million as we have most of what is needed at this point for our platform. This range excludes the remaining balance of the approximately $110 million in carbon capture equipment needed for our Nebraska initiatives as we have financing in place to cover those needs.

Now I'll turn the call back over to Todd. yeah thanks phil and so let's walk through high points for our 2025 initiatives that we want you to focus on in carbon major milestones continue to be hit tall grass trailblazer project has acquired all the necessary rights of way to reach our three nebraska facilities that we anticipate will be capturing carbon in the second half of this year construction of pipeline lateral is commenced and they remain on track to be completed late in the third quarter or early fourth quarter of 2025 we have spent significant time and effort to outline to you the financial benefit of this project which continues to hold and could be better under the new rules so let me focus on some of the recent highlights that are important for you to understand the significant reality of this project first the proposed rule could not have come out more favorably for green plains had we been drafting it ourselves while not a final rule it was printed in the irb the internal revenue bulletin and taxpayers can rely on it until such time treasury or congress would act our DCO has the lowest score among all the feedstocks for renewable diesel used cooking oil imports are no longer allowed for surface transportation fuels such as our renewable diesel biodiesel and with fin and with imported finished fuels also not qualifying under this producer credit which is approximately 1 billion gallons annually we anticipate a material appreciation in domestic vegetable oil values related to corn oil and have become to see this has begun to see this premium materialized for our corn oil as we have a lot of it the clear winner here is ethanol with carbon capture a 32-point reduction for plants that are able to execute near term we see a clear advantage for our Nebraska footprint as we have reiterated to you and this translates to significant cash flow materializing later this year with narrow margins in the House and Senate, we believe it is unlikely that 45Z is eliminated in a reconciliation package and a lot of work is being done to get it actually extended. Green Place has completed the facility registrations for our clean fuel production credit for our Advantage Nebraska strategy. So to close, our outlook for the annualized run rate financial contribution for carbon across our 287 million gallons in Nebraska footprint is on track for least $130 million using a $70 per ton private carbon credit value. This is net of operating expenses and the tolling fees on the pipeline as well as we are continuing to discount even for monetization. We have seen the strengthening in the distiller's corn oil market since mid December since the guidance and the model were released as it is given its beneficial treatment under 45Z and LCFS programs. We have the capacity to produce around 300 million pounds of corn oil annually with Fairmont down. So every 10 cent move in this value is another 30 million in EBITDA. And we have seen that help our forward margins. The state of Minnesota has granted the permits for the summit pipeline to reach our Fergus Falls facility, even though they won't grant us a permit to build temporary grain piles. But we remain optimistic and hopeful that that project will make progress on permitting in 2025. Let's talk about clean sugar. This exciting project can now make in-spec sweeteners for use across a wide variety of food and industrial products. The wastewater challenge remains as we have outlined, and we can only run the plant at about a third of capacity while we design a solution for either dealing with it on the back end, the front end, or selling all industrial products that skips the ion exchange process yet leaves beneficial nutrients for fermentation. In the meantime, we have received kosher and halal certification. The food production license has been approved in the state of Iowa, and that was the major hurdle to finalize our FSSC, or food safety certification audit, and we expect approval any day now. The technology is disruptive and breakthrough. The next build will either be standalone, co-locate either at a wet mill or a dry mill expansion of what our current wet mill can do or all of the above we're also testing a front-end system used globally in order to not need wastewater solutions over the next few months at which time we can choose our best path to 100% capacity again it is not a technology issue this has the same potential we have discussed in the past we continue to remain very excited on our successes so far unlike many technologies that have been developed around our industry whether around alcohol to jet fuel or cellulose to get you know we can actually make product we can sell once we get once we get our last certification new technologies as you know are not easy to stand up yet our team has done an amazing job getting to a point where we are very close and know where the last step has to be addressed but we need to be certain of that step before we put the last capital in as noted earlier in the call we had lower production volumes of ultra high protein during q4 at our green plains plants due to the major project at the mount vernon ethanol facility we told you about last year, as well as taking Downward River to baseline the plant so we can understand the true total plant opportunity when carbon starts up. Margins remain under pressure in the protein space due to the availability of cheap competing project ingredients, yet we did generate positive EBITDA at all of our plants last year in the protein investment. While paybacks are taking a little longer than expected, we know that markets move over time. We are starting to see a better uptake of our products globally that traded a premium or potentially get sequins off the ground as discussed earlier. We continue to increase our sales to domestic pet and international aqua customers, our key target growth areas. While we are still making adjustments to our production process for sequins, we have started to increase production due to the demand and anticipate growing our sequins business substantially in 2025. We have also debottlenecked the ability to make 60% protein on the fly as our last run and current run that's taking place at Central City has little or no impact to plant operations as we have cracked the code on the biological formula to do this and we will try and roll out these findings across the platform. What we learned in Q4 last year was that it's time to move on from investing and getting products to market acceptance and now try to fully monetize what we have done. This cannot be done without making the hard decisions on SG&A and assets like we have announced as we have set ourselves up for the remaining 2025 and the imminent startup for carbon. Our investments have been made and we have very limited capex going forward other than carbon which does not use our balance sheet cash. We will focus on executing on the total 50 million of savings identified, monetizing carbon, simplifying our structure, reducing our eliminating term debt, reducing our opex per gallon, and continuing our strategic review as our complexity will be significantly reduced and we will be a much leaner and simpler company as carbon and protein earnings along with baseline corn oil cash flows reposition our company for the future. Let me reiterate on the last point. When we look at our current asset base, Most of our plants stand alone generate EBITDA positive or significant positive EBITDA at places like Central City, Obion, Shenandoah, and Nowood River as we add carbon. Adding carbon to the Nebraska and those plants will be some of the highest margin plants in the country starting around Q4 or late Q3. Fairmont has been shut down for now, which will position our stack better. And Mount Vernon and Madison are now once again back at rate, even record rates after significant improvements. As we look forward, we must look back at what worked. We focused on aggressively driving significant efficiencies across the organization, including in our corporate and trade SG&A, as we work to deliver the $50 million in cost savings we outlined this morning, and we will once again be targeting $0.02 to $0.03 per gallon of SG&A at corporate and trade as we are taking actions to get there from our current 8 to 9 cents per gallon and took our first steps this week and expect to be aggressive in the next 60 days to achieve our goals. Added up we will use 2025 of the year as the year where we position green planes for future earnings power as we have outlined the past. Thank you for calling it thank you for joining our call today we can start the Q&A session.

Thank you we will now begin the question and answer session.

If you would like to ask a question please press star one in your telephone keypad to raise your hand and join the queue if you would like to withdraw your question simply press star one again we ask you please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up your first question comes from the line of craig erwin from roth capital partners your line is open and good morning and thanks for taking my questions so todd the last several years you've had a bunch of initiatives um to take out costs like project 24 and others we i guess we big move um and uh 30 million dollars already implemented this week you know can you can you maybe get granular for us um where this is coming from and uh you know how this cuts in uh to the

overall profitability of the platform well what it does is increases the over over the overall profitability you know listen we spent the last four years focused on innovation and getting our products to market and we have reached the point where we have penetration in the markets that we want to go and now it's more around commercializing and marketing and trading those products correctly and then obviously rationalizing those costs you know we really don't need to feed fish anymore our our customers they have accepted our products they've used our products we've had great we had a great trial in in Norway with salmon those were great results we considered it to be a gold standard product once that was kind of finished or getting close to being finished the market understood the premium of our products and I think another thing that's really helping us right now is the global tightness in corn where corn gluten meal prices have continued to increase globally but look you know what we did is we invested a lot of money to get our products to market we invest a lot of money in innovation and research and when one full swoop this week we decided we were going to move on from that and just focus on expanding our margin structure reducing our SG&A costs all around that while keeping a core group that is focused every single day on making money.

So then just, just to follow up on, on agriculture, right? This, this was one of potentially most attractive markets you could sell high pro into over the next number of years. We always expected it to take a while to get in there. You know, can you maybe talk a little bit about your project in South America?

You mentioned in the prepared remarks, do you need to feed fish yourselves to, to continue to penetrate these customers no effect we've made the penetration has been made we have sold for our first largest quantities we which could be actually converted now on a little bit more volume into bulk quantity shipping on a and a vessel which is the first time we've been able to achieve that if we can get some of our products out of the United States in the weak protein market we have here to service customers that are looking for different characteristics and feed than traditional soy proteins or soy protein isolates that's really what we're replacing now in the world as well as the corn gluten meal market but it took us three to four years to get to this point and i would say while certainly in a weaker global protein market we we would like to seen it higher than we are today it will start to pay dividends for us and our shareholders in the future you know this is it took a lot longer than we thought but again we had to be patient we had to invest the capital to get there we had to show our customers we understood what the use of our products would be for them, and they had to do their own testing. You have to go through a two-year full cycle to grow salmon, and those are some of the things that we were dealing with. And while frustrating to all of you and to all of us, we're starting to feel better about this opportunity, and we felt at this point, we basically won full swoop, took care of the or closed down much of our innovation and research platform. as we know now that our products are commercialized. And we're really excited about the future of that. And we have a great team that positions us for that. But I think at this point, we're going to focus on making money.

That sounds good. So my last question, if I can squeeze another one in. CCS sounds like it's tracking right to schedule. Can you maybe talk a little bit about where we stand with the potential delivery of equipment and the pipeline interconnects? you know, when could we possibly see first EBITDA off these projects? Any other details you could share with us would be helpful.

Yeah, look, our service date is somewhere in late Q3, very early Q4. Chris and the team are heading out to Ohio next week to take a first-hand look at our compression equipment being built to make sure that we remain on track. We're not the general contractor on the project. Our partners at Tallgrass, who own the Trailblazer project, are. they're fully focused on on breaking ground very soon and getting the building stood up and if you come across nebraska and you drive around our plants and other plants you'll see that laterals are being laid right now and construction is fully underway so we could attack the first couple years of 45z thank you thanks again for taking my questions your next question comes from a line of jordan levy from truest securities your line is open for all the details maybe just kind of level setting, Todd, the commentary you gave on the protein side of things, but if you

could just talk to that in reference to sugar, or CST, given it's still kind of earlier in the kind of rollout of that. I'm just curious how you're thinking about that in terms of the cost initiatives.

Can you follow up with some clarification on what you're looking for in the answer? Maybe a little more.

Yeah, yeah. Yeah, just kind of the level of detail you gave around protein. And I'm just looking at something similar in terms of where market development is in CST.

Okay. Yeah, thank you. Now, look, I mean, I don't think we're going to be short of customers. You know, we are waiting for food safety certification. We have already sent some of our products to beverage makers, food makers, industrial users, everything from insulation to pancake syrup and everything in between. I think you could – I assure you our sales group and our marketing group has spent significant time with customers, and now it's just really waiting for us to get the proper certifications. And with our partners, get the comments-free yeast so that we – when we make halal and kosher as well, we're in spec. And that's coming probably in the next week when we start using the yeast in our process. Look, I think one thing we have to realize is that running at a third is not the best economic thing for our shareholders. So we will probably move to more of a campaign program where when we make a sale, we'll make the product and we'll start it back up and running it 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. At that rate, we can make more money running Shenandoah at full rate on the grind side to make alcohol and sugar, or I'm sorry, alcohol, protein, and oil. So we're going to go more in a campaign mode here. And because we know we can make it, we've got to get that food safety certification. But I think the last clear path on that was getting our Iowa food processor certification. That has been approved, which I think continues to show the validation of our technology and that it works. And that we make products on spec that can be used in everything like I talked about from beverages, to pancake syrup, to industrial products. So we're there. It's really now just a function of what we expected, the capability of the local wastewater treatment plants to be able to take our products. They're focused on building a new one right now, and so we have to focus on how do we get this plant up to 100%. In the meantime, we're in discussions with other potential users of this technology, both domestically and globally. We have interest in co-locating or licensing our technology globally in countries like Brazil and Europe, as well as even in the United States. since the beginning, even before we acquired FluEquip, they had interest across both wet milling and dry milling for their technologies as a bolt-on to expand their capabilities. As you see with other results that are out there, sugar margins and sweetener margins have not really gone down with everything else. It's not an oversupplied market, nor do we anticipate that anytime soon.

I appreciate that. And then just for clarification, $30 million of the restructuring this week. Like, I'm sorry if I missed it, but did you kind of give a timeline to get to that $50 million? Should we think year-end or something like that?

No, we want to try to be there within 90 days on an ongoing $50 million run rate. So our phase two starts Monday. You know, phase one was this week. We resized our corporate and trade infrastructure and NSG&A. we've several senior executives have departed the company as as we had indicated in addition with the significant downsizing of our innovation platform at the york innovation center our optimal feed mill our labs as well as our our aqua lab you know i think the most important thing is you know we had to get our products to market and that all cost a lot of money call it sales and marketing or marketing advertising promotion if you were a food company map spend but we're not spending any more on that at this point i think our products have uh have gotten what we needed to this point so no we we were that was our first uh our first uh um action this week and uh we start on plan b or the phase two on on monday to try and get this all wrapped up within in 90 days. Thanks for all the details. Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Somya Jain from UBS. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning, guys. So with DCO getting a score of 13 in soybean oil, getting 38, do we expect corn oil to trade at a 4 to 5 cents per pound premium to soybean oil, or how are you guys looking in the past?

Yeah, thanks for that question. And by the that is the bid today i mean i think we would have no problem selling four to five cent premium to soybean oil for uh for the ongoing market at this point based on the value of the advantage feed stock that we have today so we're seeing we're seeing indications like that already we've seen the market trade like that already with bean oil at 45 cents i think 50 cents is not a a hard value to trade today for our product if you think about it even since the last call we were probably in in the high 30s, low 40s over the last couple of calls, starting to increase the bottom or come off that market in the soybean oil. Look, the soybean oil market is tight globally. We just have to rationalize some things going on here. But for us, we've seen our view is it should trade at a 7 to 10 cent premium. And I think that that will ultimately come to bear with our products across not just us, but the industry in general. We are seeing opportunities like that. And I I think one thing is also really important for our product, every one of our plants now is now Corsia certified, and we even get a premium for that. That means you can use our products to produce products for European jet fuel markets, et cetera, and fuel markets. So that is another thing that we were able to achieve during late last year and early into this year was all of our plants are now Corsia certified, eligible for even more value, including even Shenandoah. So we're excited about this opportunity, which we wish was 80 cents a pound. That would change the margin structure significantly. But I think that we've seen the soybean oil market bottom out just based on what we're seeing globally in domestic vegetable oil pricing. But overall, we're really optimistic about our placement of our low-CI product into markets like renewable diesel and Corsia markets.

All right. Thank you. And then how are you guys considering tariffs under Trump and the impact in your production, maybe with UCO and Chinese BioEvo in particular?

You know, if you look at the first action, which is the Chinese Yuko situation, you know, I think that is a really beneficial thing, first and foremost. And that was a good thing to happen for our industry. You know, we're going to have to take it, you know, day by day, step by step. the Canadian fuel market is an important market for us. But if you looked at some of their proposed retaliation, it did not include ethanol. So I think when you're talking about motor fuels around the world that have certain requirements, a lot of times when you blend ethanol, you've changed the base fuel around and you just can't change that overnight. So put the tariff on or not put the tariff on, people are still going to buy our alcohol to go around the world. We have a low CI product. And I think we're going to still start to see even more interest in our products as we sequester carbon and even getting a lower ci ethanol and continue to focus on that as well so you know we'll take it day by day you know if we uh put tariffs on uh on our products and then we get a tariff on mexican you know mexico to take our corn obviously we'd have to weigh that but you know a a cheaper corn market wouldn't be so bad for green plants today or our industry as we've seen the corn market rally and ethanol hasn't been able to keep up so you know we got to get through this winter doldrums of high stocks, and we've been here before. We're starting to see a little bit of a slowdown, although we had elevated production this week maybe catching up a little bit, but we're going to have it flow, and the tariff situation is we've been doing this a long time, and ultimately it becomes a zero-sum game.

Got it. Thank you.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from a line of Paran Sharma from Stevens, Inc. Your line is open.

Good morning. This is Adam Shepard on for Perron. Thanks for taking the question. Thank you. Just in terms of the updated GREET model, and you mentioned it's essentially like y'all wrote it for your assets. Can you just give some more color in terms of how much of an incremental benefit you expect to see versus your previous expectations and how that might impact your longer term margin potential?

Yeah, I think when we look at our assets We looked at the new modeling and kind of got really excited about it because the starting points are lower. And in fact, even York, which has a different type of plant, is eligible for 45Z now and is leaving the 45Q behind for a second here. So that gives us the courage to even look at low energy distillation there as well, which is something we're focused on. And so the starting point was even better than expected, which gave us more confidence that we'll be able to achieve our numbers. And we haven't really changed them much with the guidance that we have, except to say that if you actually did the math, you would see that those numbers are even higher basis degree model. But I think we want to be conservative and say, look, this is just a validation of what we have been saying. We even have more confidence in our numbers today. We are working on now finalizing agreements to get our credits and our voluntary carbon offsets to market as well, in addition to looking at the tax credit situation and where we can help to use those forward cash flows to help monetize again. Our goal also, when we look at all of this, is to get our term debt paid off sometime here by either looking at the situation we're in with carbon or other aspects of cash flow generation, as well as looking at our stock price as well. I think that's going to be important as we start to generate free cash flows from these projects and look at to say, where's the best place to allocate capital and what's the most accretive to our shareholders as we get to later in the year. But overall, it was a positive both from corn oil and carbon. And when you add those two together, you know, I think it's very beneficial for Green Plain shareholders. It doesn't show up this quarter because we had a really weak ethanol market that we were coming off of with a bunch of oversupply. But this is why we're doing what we're doing. And by the way, part of the $50 million we identified was shutting Fairmont down. Fairmont would have cost us almost $10 million, if not more. and part of that was we have to make decisions that are best for our shareholders and in the past maybe we would have run a plant like that to wait for a better margin structure. You know what, that game's up and we're going to focus on absolutely every aspect of what we do, every line item of what we do, starting with SG&A going through our cost to get products to market, looking at our assets to say what's going to run or not run and we're not going to run and lose money anymore. We're going to take actions and we're going to make them swift and very quick.

Okay, thank you. That's very helpful. I'll hop back in the queue. Thank you very much. Appreciate it.

Your next question comes from a line of Matthew Blair from TPH. Your line is open.

Thank you, and good morning. I had a few questions on the 45Z. Good morning. I have some questions on the 45Z in regards to your carbon capture efforts. The one you mentioned that it's unlikely the 45Z will be repealed. You know, is it fair to say that that's a shift in sentiment relative to perhaps earlier in the year? And if so, could you talk about, you know, what gives you confidence in that? And then two, to monetize the 45Z, you'll need to find a buyer on the other side, right? And so could you talk about, you know, are there any concerns that the 45Z would technically be in place, but it might be hard to find a buyer? how would you go about monetizing those credits? Thanks.

Yeah, I mean, it's a tax credit. So I think, you know, finding buyers who can buy tax credits, and we've seen some potential opportunities that allows them to, you know, they're going to trade at a bit of a discount anyways, and they have, but we've seen a good market for these type of credits start to avail, and we've seen those marketed today. You know, part of it, it's a combined package between credits and offsets, and I think we have both I think it'll be really interesting because the market hasn't been able to source these high-quality gold standard credits in volume to and carbon offset programs are still active at companies no matter you know what what we think about some of these programs people are still have their targets and and certainly there's still there's still a market for these these are these are tax credit offsets so I mean really when you're looking at And they're trading not at 100%. So, I mean, and our models don't show them trading at 100%. So, we're being conservative from that perspective. Look, if we had a lot of profits, we wouldn't have to find markets for our tax credits. We just use them. We don't have those today, but we expect to have those in the future. So, we've got to work through our NOLs first. But ultimately, you know, some of those could be used ourselves to offset tax obligations. So, I don't think that'll be a hard thing to market. And then we get the offsets. You know, look at LCFS markets today in California, in Oregon, and other places. Oregon already has a CCS pathway for LCFS. So that'll be an important market, especially for early gallons that come off, and California will take a couple years after that. So we have kind of a baseline market for what carbon offsets are worth, and that's in the LCFS market. And we also have customers that want to buy the tax credits and then buy the offsets and using those savings to buy the offsets and achieve two things. You've got to remember, 45Z is not necessarily reducing your carbon offsets. It's just reducing your tax liability if you buy it. So tax credit markets are very active. In our view, I don't think we'll have any trouble from that perspective.

Sounds good. And thanks for the commentary on just the current margins and trends into the first quarter. We're looking at pad 2 ethanol utilization that last week was 95%. The three-year average for this time of year is closer to 87%, 88%. So it's fair to say this is more of a supply problem, and are you aware of any industry upcoming turnarounds that might help knock down this utilization figure?

Yeah, I mean, this is the time of the year that it's nice and cool out, and the whole industry could run their plants full out. Cooling capacity has always been a bit of a bottleneck here, which is during the hot months and the summer months during driving season, which is why you see a little bit a little bit of a downtick in utilization only because when it gets warmer and hotter out there, you can't run your plants as efficiently. So where we're at right now, blends work really good. Gas demand's pretty good. We just need to get through this, get to driving season, come out of these winter doldrums, keep exports. And we think they could exceed $2 billion this year as long as obviously we'll have to watch tariffs and everything like that. But demand for our products is really good. E15 potentially as well will give us a little bit. Look, that's going to be a long game. We finally have what we need, but it's still going to be a long game to get to full utilization. 1% E15 uptake in addition to everything else would be taking us to an E11 blend, would clear the surplus. So it just takes a little bit of moves here on top of everything else. But I think when you kind of look at where we're going to, even though we're in the middle the winter doldrums getting the driving season will be great gas demand is good weather has been you know been pretty clear for people to drive we saw that in in the blends and i think you're right to look at it that way and i think if that was happening in may or june or july margins would be significantly different than they are today just because we're in the middle of winter it's running at a 10 50 to 11 20 pace uh it's going to be a little bit hard to uh to draw stocks yet but But when we draw, we expect them to draw fast and furious, especially with ramping up this export program in 2025.

Sounds good. Thanks for your comments. Thank you.

Your next question comes from a line of Salvatore Tiano from Bank of America. Your line is open.

Yes, thank you. Firstly, I want to ask about the high-protein business. I mean, the production level was pretty much the lowest, I think, quarterly since you added capacity and earn it. And you mentioned the Wood River baselining, but I'm not really sure I understand what that means. And given all the discussions about the ramp up of demand throughout the year, I'm still not really sure why things shouldn't have been much more favorable, so that you should have increased your production rather than, you know, as you said, do this baselining. So can you explain to us this? And also, how were sales actually in the quarter? because obviously you report the production, but were sales actually higher Q&Q? Did you actually bring higher premiums versus the past as we're expecting early in the year?

Yeah, thanks for the question. So let's address the first question. As we indicated to you, our modernization program at Mount Vernon was underway early into the fourth quarter, which reduced. That plant was almost fully offline for about half of the month in October, And then we didn't bring the protein system on back until we brought the full plant back online. We modernized all of the conveyor systems, several of the older bin systems, lots of upgrades around the plant to get that plant modernized as we go into the future, as we look at what we needed to do there. So protein was down there for a significant part of the month. On top of that, what we wanted to do, when we talk about re-baselining a carbon plant, We have to run it with and without the drying system that we run in our protein operations because that does cause a change potentially in carbon score, but you have to take the hard decision to re-baseline that plant because it's really – our central city plant is a little bit different animal, so we may have to do that at some point here before we go back online. But it takes about 90 days to re-baseline a plant to look at all the aspects and all the calculations to understand when carbon hits, we will do what's most profitable for our site and for our company. And if that means to run the plant full out and not run protein so we can make more relative to the 45Z and off-step programs, we'll do that. If it means make more protein, we'll do that. So this plant is a plant that you may not be able to take protein down because of the drying capacity in the local market for feed. So we made a decision this quarter, and it was the right decision from a market perspective. You saw the weakness in soybean meal, and soybean meal physical is even weaker when you look at the middle of Iowa trading at 50-50 under soybean meal futures and weaker than that. So it was the right quarter to do that. we continue to shift to our pet food customers but we had to compete as well in some of the pork and the poultry markets that are a bit weaker based on some of the physical soybean meal basis that we've seen out there but you know we're basically running everywhere at this point running back at uh at all all of the uh operations and protein are turned on and again we're very and we are in our next 60 pro run in central city we just did one last month as well so these are multiple runs in a row in multiple months that I think would give us confidence that we're going to start to hit some of the targets of 60 Pro and Sequence. Again, just starting to see some really interesting opportunities there that we've been waiting for. And some of it's about, again, what we talked about. If you look at the global tightness in corn, other than the United States, which by the way, which has become tighter as well, corn gluten meal has become tight in the world as well. And again, a replacement for corn gluten meal is our sequence product. And we're seeing that both domestically and globally.

Okay. Thank you. And also on the, I guess, the SGMA, I mean, you got a few questions earlier and you addressed it, but what I'm trying to understand is why now? I mean, I understand the concept that we reached, you know, another phase, But based on, you know, your earnings, the volumes you're doing, it doesn't seem like we've reached, you know, full commercialization and that there's not a lot of work to do be done there. So I'm not really sure what has changed at the start of 25 versus 24, 23 that would warrant these actions now, as opposed to, for example, one or two years ago, or instead continuing the same path for another one or two years. So why now exactly?

Well, I can only say why not. You know, I think when we look at SG&A, we've invested a lot in everything from taking trout and salmon to full weight and feeding the fish through making feeds that we wanted to use in testing and show our customers what's capable, and we did that for them, all the way through our innovation center and doing things around getting dextrose to, you know, You can't just do everything on the fly while you're building a commercial facility. York Innovation has a fully operating dextrose facility there as well as fermentation facility. All that costs a lot of money. On top of that, when we look at some of the systems that we have in place, we look at what we'll be doing. We have a little less volume in our biggest product, which is ethanol, because we shut down our York facility. That saves us a minimum of $10 million a year just in market savings alone, not including and savings in SG&A. And so when we look at all of that, why not? And I think it's great for our shareholders and it's great for our stakeholders. It's good for cash flow generation. And we're going to continue to be laser focused on it. You know, you invest, we had to over invest in SG&A to get products to market. Well, we just sold one of the largest, if not the largest aquifulture company in the world, our 50% protein product and potentially our 60% protein product may go there as well. you know they don't need to see us doing this anymore it was a it was a bit of validation of our products they had never seen products like this before in the market yes you could buy 50 pro soybean meal but no you could you could not buy you could not buy fermented proteins with significant palatability uplifts in pad and aqua that do things differently than in the past and we had to use our research to get into the door and yeah if i if i could even go back i probably would have spent less doing it but i can't go back so now i'm going to spend less doing it going forward and and it's time to do that and i think even looking at all the way to the top of the house and saying to ourselves what do we need going forward in the future we need finance we need we need commercial we need uh operations uh and also our fluke of opera our fluke of business is starting to kick in again as well 85 of their business was done outside of our company they are not relying on Green Plains for their revenues, and they're generating positive cash flows and positive bottom line earnings. And that's something we're going to focus on as well. So when we look at it, we're setting ourselves up for when carbon comes online to have the maximum ability to generate free cash flows. And having all that extra SG&A does not give us that maximum capability. And then we can decide what to do with those free cash flows and ultimately have the luxury of making those decisions.

And that's focused on debt as well as getting our share price higher. great thank you and you did make the comment that perhaps if you could go back you would have spent less so i i want to to ask on the clean sugar initiative you know it wasn't even mentioned i guess on your expectations for earnings you mentioned the 180 million ibida from um sgna and carbon then ethanol high protein and uh and uh corn oil but not uh not clean sugar so So how would you judge the success of this initiative at this time, and what would you do differently if you could go back two or three years ago?

If I could go back two or three years ago, the next time we build Clean Sugar, it will be at a site that has on-site wastewater treatment, whether it's one of our sites or somewhere else. Because the last thing you want to do is invest in a wastewater plant. And I think when we relied on local communities to take our wastewater, You know, a lot of what happens is during that time of build, that capacity potentially becomes stressed or older, and they just weren't able to take it. If we could get all of our wastewater today to go somewhere, we would be running at 100%. And so that's something that we have to focus on. But what the team is actually focused on, there are technologies running all over the world to clean up what goes in it so you don't generate the wastewater that comes out of it. so sure we could have uh you know we could have looked at it you know built wastewater right to the front but then i don't think we would have built it in shenandoah we would have built somewhere else that has wastewater alongside of it i think when we look going forward that's that's probably the one thing that i think is is the biggest challenge but in the in the end we can make product we can make it on spec it's an exact duplicate that what comes out of a another sweetener facility around the world you know we know that we can scale this you know there's probably a couple things we would do around ion exchange a little bit better as we told you early on but that system is working as well and uh and you know number two will look different than number one but you know at this point uh you know we've got to get this thing running at full rate and if we don't get it running at full rate uh you know we'll have some contribution but it it's not where we want it to be but it's also it's not a technology that doesn't work and i think that's the most important thing we have customers in food beverage and industrial that want our product The last certification should come here in the next couple of weeks.

Great. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from a line of Eric Stein from Craig Hallam. Your line is open.

Hi, Todd. Hi, Phil. Hey, just want to sneak one in here at the end. You know, I know you've talked about it's unlikely that the 45Z is repealed, but, you know, obviously there are ongoing questions and regulatory uncertainty. So just, I mean, when you look across your business, and I know that some of these areas are impacted to varying degrees, but do you kind of have a plan B or is there, you know, the potential that in some of these areas it may change your plan based on the changes that potentially you see or are possible coming down the road?

Yeah, I think there's always plan B on carbon S45Q. That's not going to go away. really that's been in place it's a long-standing rule and it's a cash pay for the first five years so there is always a backstop and then we'll have to determine the value of the credit from that standpoint but our view is 45Z is going to continue to hold we have strong support from our Midwest Republican senators and congressmen I don't think that they would vote for a repeal I think we have strong strong support from our interior secretary who's also has the energy committee that he's also chairing. I think that when we look at the investors in some of these projects and who's really interested in seeing these successful, I think we just got very, very strong support for everything across the board. Look, they might repeal a bunch of other things in IRA, but our view is 45Z continues to make the cut. But and even then, it's a little bit like the Affordable Care Act continues to try to get repealed. But in the end of the day, that's kind of what's in law. And I think what really gave us great confidence was last week when the IRS put out their guidance in the IRB. That's what people are going off of. And when that usually happens, not much changes from that point forward. So will they look at the 45C? Will they look at the IRA? And they should look at the IRA. But we've already spent the money, and there's a lot of capital being spent from large companies across the United States based on this 45-c tax credit. So this is an equal opportunity, making sure that we at least get the attention from ourselves all the way through the largest companies in the world that are investing behind this initiative as well. All right. Thank you.

Your next question comes from a line of Kristen Owen from Oppenheimer. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning. Thank you for taking my question. I wanted to ask, as you're going through this sort of strategic review process and understanding the assets footprint in sort of a different light, you idled the Fairmont facility. I'm just wondering how you're thinking about maybe go forward, what are the options for that asset? Would you maybe look to monetize that? Just help us understand how to think about your production capacity with that facility down, what the options are going forward.

Yeah, I mean, we want to get our permit from the state of Minnesota to build drying, a new drying system and a new grain system. We put the money into the middle of the plant, and that all operates at the standard. And so yet, after 17 years or 20 years of these plants being built, things wear out. and we've done that's one plant that we under invested in because it was a lower marginalist margin structure in our plant stack you know one thing we were counting on is obviously the carbon pipeline to go up there and we still count on that and that will give us the confidence we need to invest behind that plant in the meantime sure we have we could always monetize that plant if we want to that's something that we we've looked at in our strategic review but it is a carbon pipeline capable plant. And we're counting on that project to make progress this year. And if that were to happen, it makes that plant very valuable as well. So we look at all of our assets like that. This strategic review that we're under, when we kind of have embarked on this over the last year, what we're trying to do is uncomplicate the middle of the house, which is our SG&A, both at corporate and trade, as well as some of the things that we do around you know some of these innovation assets that we've put in place and make it very very simple when you look at our plant stack generally speaking most of our plants are always even the positive not if not very positive central city shenandoah even otter tail up in fergus fall that is one of our it's a 70 million gallon plant that competes with 140 million gallon icm margin structure but in the end of that we have plants like fairmont that was a cash burn for us And we have the SG&A that we're rationalizing that was a cash burn for us. And we're just not going to do it anymore. And we've got to focus now on our products are at market, Krista, and we are selling them today. And now we've got to be able to realize instead of spending six or seven cents a gallon on SG&A to do that, we're going to take that SG&A right out and get back down to a little bit of back to the future where we have a smaller middle of the company, less complicated, and our plants get to show what they can really do. because I don't think we've been able to do that in order to get new products to market. And as we're getting new products to market, along came 15 million to 20 million more tons of soybean meal that kind of derailed 25 years of backtesting. So we'll have to work through that. And as we know, commodity markets ebb and flow. And we will work through this excess protein. It might take a little bit longer than we think, but hopefully we get paid through some of the other things that we're doing.

And recognizing that today's announcement is not new, it's a reflection of all of the reflection that you've had over the last year. But the question that I have for you is, as you're kind of going through this process, hindsight 2020, now that you've cleared the decks on SG&A, are there also some new implementation, maybe some hedging strategy, hedging governance? I mean, you mentioned in your prepared remarks, this would have been the quarter to hedge. I'm just wondering how you're structurally addressing that feedback that you've received.

Yeah, listen, we listen to all our shareholders. And I think that, you know, we came into middle of last quarter and the fundamentals looked very solid. And we kind of remained unhedged all of last year and put a little bit on every quarter. And again, we did it this quarter as well. The market moved so fast, more than everybody was anticipating. I don't think it would have mattered. It certainly would have given us some extra cash, but the market moved very, very fast. And, you know, from the top to the bottom, and, you know, we were staring at very good margins, at least better margins the last time we talked. And, you know, you've got to also manage your balance sheet and manage your cash and make sure you can make the margin calls. But, you know, look, I think we will assess it quarter by quarter and what's best for our shareholders. But, you know, when we see some bigger numbers again, obviously we'll have to look at those decisions. Our board is involved. We talked to our board a lot on what we're going to do relative to our overall programs. And as we kind of get through the year and get our SG&A down, get carbon working, corn oil contributions continue to go up because of our advantaged feedstocks. You know, hopefully we have to have less and less reliance on stuff like that. But I think generally speaking, you know, we've done a good job over the years when we have hedged, maybe one quarter, notwithstanding the largest margins in history that nobody ever expected either. But, you know, we'll assess it quarter by quarter, and we work with our board and management and our risk team to determine what the best option is for the company. And we'll just continue to take it on a case-by-case basis relative to the markets that we're in.

Thank you, Todd.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from a line of Lawrence Alexander from Jefferies. Your line is open.

Could you just help on two things? One is the free cash flow impact or the cash charges for the restructuring and any other impacts on the cash flow bridge for this year and next year. And then separately, after the restructuring, how you're thinking about based on kind of market feedback on the likely kind of equilibrium return on capital of the protein and the clean sugar sides of the business?

Yeah, thanks. I think it's going to be not a huge charge in Q1, certainly under $10 million, if not under $5 million, and some of it maybe even non-cash to write off. So it's not going to really be a massive effect to our balance sheet. You know, we have been somewhat planning for this over the last several months and really focused on the things that we can do very quickly and had some accruals already in place that we were able to use to offset some of that. So I think overall, it's not going to have a very big impact to our income statement or our cash flows. And then when we look at kind of return on assets, you know, certainly we wanted them to be better. When we look at, you know, we wanted it to be 15 to 20% on protein. It's more like, you know, four to 8% at this moment. And that's all driven by market you know when we started we were earning 15 to 20 cents a gallon uplift on protein and with the onset of the uh the amount of soy protein hitting the market if you look at that margin structure as well as i said it's become a bit ethanolized they have too much capacity i'm not sure slowing down is going to matter at this point but you know when we look at uh when we look at that certainly not the returns we wanted but we have generated free cash flow off of these assets yet our SG&A ate a lot of that up and then obviously the ethanol margin came down so sugar is going to take a little bit longer as we know but it's also not the largest part of our investment thesis so when we look at over the last couple of years we invested in protein we put some investment in oil yields which by the way it continues to make records across many of our plants we invested in the sugar platform which we believe we have a working technology that that is at scale again only hampered by one factor if that factor wasn't there we'd be running at 100 albeit it is there and we have to deal with it so we're going to work on that in a couple of months and then lastly carbon and when you look at all of those together carbon some oil uplift some protein contribution and and you know even sugar just taking a little bit longer you know over you know a 500 million dollar investment platform generating you know over 200 million dollars with protein uh and contribution and and carbon and oil and maybe a little bit from sugar but probably not a lot you know overall the investment is uh the total investment is working but it's outsized obviously by carbon at this point but we anticipate protein to contribute more in the future as well thank you thank you your next question comes from a line of Andrew Strelzik from BMO.

Your line is open.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. Just two things. Sorry to have you laugh. That is just fine. Okay. First thing on my side, I wanted to ask about kind of, maybe better understand how you're thinking about the base ethanol environment. You know, is it your view that as we get stronger demand over the summer, maybe inventory drawdowns, that that is enough to kind of solve things coming out of the summer and when we, you know, kind of this time next year, we're having a better conversation or, you know, at these production levels, you know, is ethanol demand? How much do you think that's going to be up? I'm just trying to better understand kind of how to think about the base ethanol margin environment kind of post the summer.

Yeah, we'd like to understand that as well. I mean, I think we've got to get to summer driving. It's going to be, I think we're going to have our peaks and our valleys and they're going to be, you know, and it's going to move very, very fast. Overall, right now, what we're looking at is elevated stocks and elevated production because we're in the middle of winter, and we've got to get the turnarounds, which should be, as somebody asked earlier, should be late in March or April, and that's right at the beginning of summer driving season, although setting ourselves up well with demand. But, no, this is going to be a continued battle between production and supply and stocks and demand, and we really need to push for a couple things to happen. Can we increase exports more than we think? Our plant in Fairmont going down among about three or four other smaller plants that have gone down. Will that rationalize supply? Will we have E15 uptake greater than we may think with this administration really pressing that point home? And some of this will take time to play out. How will low carbon ethanol make its way into certain markets? And so, you know, all of that combined, it's a bit of a stretch to see that we could have an outsized massive uplift in ethanol margins, but we should be able to bounce off the bottom here pretty significantly. But I don't know that we're going to have a peak margin environment anytime in 2025.

That's helpful. And then my last question is just on the corn oil side. I'm curious what you're seeing from a demand perspective so far post kind of the guidance from 45Z. Are you seeing either demand or the intention around demands pick up? And, you know, what's your expectation for the demand lift and pricing on a go-forward basis?

Yeah, I think when you look at renewable diesel, ebbs and flows, obviously, you know, what's going on in some of the plants getting their SAF up and running, which is fantastic. You know, and you've heard that through several of the other earnings calls. We are really excited for companies like that to take this HEPA feedstocks and generate jet fuel out of that. That is really favorable to us, and then it's also favorable to our Corsia opportunity that we have, which all of our plants are Corsia certified. Some plants are definitely having some slow startups, but generally speaking, when you look at the overall, and I think we shared some of that with you guys, When you look at the overall balance sheet for veg oils, domestically and globally, it probably justifies much higher, if not significantly higher, prices. But I think oil share versus meal share is something that we're fighting with today, and that's ebbing and flowing a little bit. So as we look at it, we believe veg oil demand will continue to, especially for our vegetable oil demand, especially for our products, will continue to be very strong during the year. And we're seeing more interest that we've seen in a very long time for longer term, longer tenor contracts at a premium price to soybean oil. I would say before it was like next month we would be able to sell some good product. But now we're starting to see people approach us to say, can we buy 50 million, 70 million, 80 million pounds from you over a longer period of time instead of buying five or seven million pounds at a crack? so they can get their hands on low CI advantage feedstock Corsia approved distiller's corn oil that is a significant advantage over soybean oil and the fact that used cooking oil from China is not coming in the United States anymore. Well, watch tallow closely because that's really another advantage feedstock, but that'll get all used up pretty quick as well. And I think that's why when you look at, you know, we're watching renewable diesel margins closely, they can expand their margins significantly by buying lower ci feed stocks and we have some of that but we're not going to give it away for free great thank you for all that color appreciate it yeah we appreciate it as well thank you and that concludes our question and answer session i will now turn the call back over to todd becker for closing remarks yeah thank you everyone as you see we've been pretty busy over the last several weeks i think our focus on reorganizing our cost and our cost structures and our initiative that we that we that we announced today of which we've already uh gotten closer to uh pushing towards that 30 million dollar number this week and then with uh phase two starting on monday to get to the 50 million dollar number over the next 90 days across the board we've made significant changes to our platform focusing on profitability per site focusing and reducing our sdna per gallon looking at our products where we can we can generate more and higher returns with with significant less investment in getting those products to market and then working our way towards the last half of the year getting carbon up online as we said uh the laterals are under construction just drive through nebraska if you don't believe it come and see it we'll take you on a tour that's uh the tall grass trailblazer project project is an amazing project across the state generating significant jobs for the state of nebraska significant opportunities for nebraska agriculture and green plains as well and we're really excited about that and i think we have a great opportunity coming out with with significant low carbon feed stocks that have uh that we believe should trade at a premium to their to the traditional feed stocks it's what we've been setting ourselves up for you know we have to watch global protein markets obviously but generally speaking i think we're well set up as we get through 2025 and then into 26 as carbon really starts to kick in so we really appreciate your time today and we'll talk to you next quarter this concludes today's conference call thank you for your participation You may now disconnect.