HTCR 10-K
HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. (HTCR)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington D.C. 20549
FORM
For
the fiscal year ended
For the transition period from ______, 20 ____, to ______, 20_____.
Commission
File Number
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) |
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| The |
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
| N/A |
| (Title of class) |
| N/A |
| (Title of class) |
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule
405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company |
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness
of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered
public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
If
securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant
included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
The
aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates based upon the closing price of $0.6976 per
share of common stock as of June 28, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter
was $
As
of March 31, 2025, there were
Documents Incorporated by Reference
None
Table of Contents
i
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements contained in this annual report may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.
The forward-looking statements contained in this annual report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following risks, uncertainties and other factors:
| ● | the level of demand for our products and services; | |
| ● | competition in our markets; | |
| ● | our ability to grow and manage growth profitably; | |
| ● | our ability to access additional capital; | |
| ● | changes in applicable laws or regulations; | |
| ● | our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; | |
| ● | the possibility that we may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors; and | |
| ● | other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under the captions “Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” |
Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
ii
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
This Business section, along with other sections of this annual report on Form 10-K, includes statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe that these industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies are reliable, we have not independently verified such data and we do not make any representation as to the accuracy of the information. Unless the context otherwise requires, “HeartCore,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” refers to HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including, HeartCore Co., Ltd. (“HeartCore Co.”), HeartCore Capital Advisors, Inc. (“HeartCore Capital Advisors”), HeartCore Financial, Inc. (“HeartCore Financial”), HeartCore Financial, Inc. – Japan Branch Office (“HeartCore Financial - Japan”), HeartCore Luvina Vietnam Company Limited (“HeartCore Luvina”), and Sigmaways, Inc. (“Sigmaways”) and its subsidiaries.
Overview
We are a leading software development company based in Tokyo, Japan. We provide software through two business units. The first business unit, our CX division, includes a customer experience management business (the “CXM Platform”) that has been in existence for 15 years. Our CXM Platform includes marketing, sales, service and content management systems, as well as other tools and integrations, that enable companies to attract and engage customers throughout the customer experience. We also provide education, services and support to help customers be successful with our CXM Platform.
The second business unit, our DX division, is a digital transformation business which provides customers with robotics process automation, process mining and task mining to accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises. We also have an ongoing technology innovation team to develop software that supports the narrow needs of large enterprise customers.
We have made significant investments in our sales and marketing efforts globally. As of December 31, 2024, our sales and marketing organization was comprised of 12 employees including our field sales organization, which maintains a physical sales presence in the Japanese software market. Using our go-to-market strategy, we believe we have made significant contributions in Japan and have established a diversified revenue and customer base. As of December 31, 2024, our combined business units (customer experience management business unit and digital transformation business unit) had 982 total customers in Japan, of which 724, or 73.7%, were paying customers, and 26 total customers outside Japan, of which 1, or 0.1%, was a paying customer. Our 280 non-paying customers were originally paying customers that utilized our paid services but now use a free version of the CXM Platform. There is the potential for non-paying customers to become paying customers again if and when they start utilizing our paid services again.
During 2022, we started the GO IPO business, which supports Japanese companies listing on Nasdaq and NYSE in the United States. As of December 31, 2024, we have entered into consulting agreements with 14 companies to assist them in their IPO process, whereby we are entitled to receive from each company a consulting fee that ranges from $380,000 to $900,000 and warrants or stock acquisition rights to purchase 1% to 4% of the fully-diluted share capital of such companies that is exercisable on certain dates at an exercise price of $0.01 or JPY1 per share. The revenue in the GO IPO business helped to offset the decline in sales in the CX and DX divisions in Japan. In the first quarter of 2023, we formed HeartCore Financial as a part of our Go IPO consulting business. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we formed a 51% owned subsidiary in Vietnam, HeartCore Luvina, which is engaged in the business of software development. HeartCore Luvina started its operations from February 2024.
In February 2023, we acquired 51% of the outstanding shares of Sigmaways and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, which are primarily engaged in the business of developing and sales of software in the United States.
On April 1, 2024, HeartCore Financial established a Japan branch office, HeartCore Financial, Inc. – Japan Branch Office (“HeartCore Financial - Japan”), with focus on GO IPO consulting services in Japan.
1
Industry Overview
Customer Experience Management Business
Companies must manage a huge amount of content, collaborate with other kinds of business processes, and build infrastructure to fulfill customers’ needs. To make it happen, companies need a content management system that allows easy implementation of a wide range of features including content creation, analysis, search capability and access controls into their websites, and enables them to deliver and receive content at the best time responding market changes. A customer experience management system is also becoming essential for companies to manage customers and deliver personalized content based on the users’ behavior, device, location and context. A customer experience management system is also required to analyze big data to deliver even the subconscious wants and needs of customers. Furthermore, these capabilities are not supposed to be limited to general websites but also to various kinds of services such as E-commerce, smartphone sites, smartphone apps, social networking services, blogs, and digital signage. Content management systems and customer experience management systems need to provide rich features to fill the new generation of customers’ needs.
Digital Transformation Business
Robotic Process Automation (“RPA”) is a technology that allows automation for a defined set of tasks. RPA robots can emulate most human-computer interactions to carry out error-free tasks at high volume and speed. Some common tasks RPA can do include: (i) invoice processing; (ii) process sales orders; (iii) account reconciliation; (iv) enterprise resource planning data entry for core processes such as finance, human resources, manufacturing, supply chain, services, and procurement; (v) employee onboarding; (vi) payroll; and (vii) data queries.
As companies have strived to automate, it has become more and more challenging to identify RPA opportunities. This has included uncovering processes that would be good candidates for automation and having fundamental metrics about those processes (via task mining and process mining technology) at their disposal – like utilization and the specific steps in the process if it is not already documented – to aid them in their decision.
Task mining is a technology that enables organizations to discover, understand, and analyze the tasks employees perform as they relate to completing larger processes. Task mining software works by monitoring the actions users take. A recorder is installed on an employee’s computer to capture their interactions in the different applications they use, recording data like keystrokes, clicks, data entry, etc., to uncover how tasks are completed within the organization. The purpose of using task mining software is to discover and understand the tasks employees are performing. The ultimate objective is to find ways to improve how those tasks are carried out or automate them to increase operational efficiency, reduce errors, and improve employee engagement.
Process mining is a technology that investigates the mountains of data in enterprise event logs to discover and present end-to-end processes that the organization is performing to complete work. Event logs are essentially banks of data that store different information. The benefit of process mining software is that it presents the process it successfully mined, along with the process’ variants and suggestions on how to optimize and improve that process. Like task mining, the most common use case for adopting process mining technology is to improve processes, with the ideal goal of automating them for all the benefits and returns that come with automation, like improved customer and employee experiences.
Industry Characteristics
Explosive Growth of Cloud-Based Applications Creating a New Era of IT Complexity. Businesses around the world are spending hundreds of billions of dollars to adopt applications that help advance digital transformation and drive competitive advantages. With the proliferation of cloud technologies and SaaS, traditional software suites have been disaggregated into point solutions. For example, human capital management software has been segregated across recruiting, payroll, benefits administration, and other key business functions. As a result, enterprises have transitioned from managing a handful of multi-purpose, largely on-premises applications to managing hundreds and even thousands of specialized point solutions deployed across on-premises, cloud, and hybrid environments. According to the Wall Street Journal, in 2019 the number of software applications deployed by large firms across all industries worldwide had increased by approximately 70% over the previous four years. These applications, which were generally not designed for interoperability, run in tandem with long-running, legacy technologies. The increasing volume of applications has a compounding effect on the complexity of business processes and the IT environments that support them.
2
The Benefits of Digital Transformation Have Yet to Make Their Way to the Workforce. Modern enterprise applications enable deep and nuanced functionalities, such as conducting personalized marketing campaigns, predictive service delivery, and real time visibility of goods movement across the supply chain. However, despite massive functional advancement, the true promise and potential of digital transformation—reallocating human capital towards cognitive, higher-value activities—remains elusive, which is limiting improvements in productivity.
Individual Business Processes Rely on Multiple Business Applications, and Workers to Orchestrate Them. While specialized applications deliver extensive functionality, they do not account for the full spectrum of how work gets done. The proliferation of specialized applications has resulted in humans being the connective tissue in an enterprise, working across a wide range of applications that individually are not built to address the needs of the actual processes they are supporting. As a result, activities performed by many workers today are still manual, mundane, and administrative tasks, limiting workers from focusing on higher-value activities that can directly improve business performance.
Automation is the New Frontier of Competitive Differentiation. Enterprises are demanding a new approach to unify, tailor, and run applications without significant IT resources or changes to existing infrastructure. Automation enables organizations to design and optimize business processes to improve productivity and business performance. Additionally, automation solutions that can accurately and consistently emulate human behavior can work within existing business processes in a way that traditional applications cannot. This allows businesses to harness the power of specialized applications in a differentiated manner. With the ability to emulate human behavior, this new approach to automation is disrupting traditional automation and transforming data-processing work by allowing customers to find efficiencies without materially changing business processes and supporting infrastructure.
Empowering Workers to Automate their Personal Workflows is Leading to a Democratization of Automation. The emerging workforce is graduating with increasingly advanced technical skills and training in automation. Individuals are entering the workforce with higher expectations related to job impact, satisfaction, and efficiency, and view software as a driving force in realizing those expectations. As a result, organizations are looking to empower workers with tools to optimize the more tedious parts of their jobs. The combination of technology that can emulate human behavior and a workforce with the knowledge and tools to create their own automations has enabled enterprises to begin to automate a significant number of use cases, from individual tasks to enterprise-wide processes.
Cost of Skilled Human Capital is Accelerating the Evolution Towards the Fully Automated Enterprise. The cost of skilled human capital continues to rise due to growing demand. We believe it is increasingly imperative for enterprises to leverage automation to liberate workers from menial, repetitive, and less productive tasks and to better utilize the positive qualities that only humans have, such as abstract thinking, making connections, dealing with ambiguity, creativity, innovation, passion, and community engagement. We believe this will drive business value and greater employee engagement. According to a 2024 Gallup study, business units with highly engaged employees experience 18% higher sales and 14% greater productivity. These units are also more responsive to customer needs and more committed to adhering to processes, standards, and systems, collectively leading to enhanced organizational profitability.
Limitations of Existing Offerings
A number of technology companies have attempted to address the automation needs of organizations through the application of business process management, application development software offerings, RPA tools, and AI point offerings, as well as other horizontal software applications. However, these existing offerings are challenged by a number of inherent limitations, including:
Lack of An End-to-End Software. Many existing automation software offerings are point technologies and cannot offer end-to-end automation capabilities on an integrated software.
3
Not Capable of Emulating Human Behavior, Relying too Heavily on APIs. Many existing offerings do not effectively integrate AI computer vision and machine learning (“ML”) capabilities needed to accurately identify and emulate human actions in conjunction with APIs. Without these capabilities, organizations are limited to pursuing automation only within the narrow pathways permitted by existing APIs. Even when applications have an API, the functionality provided often does not fully capture what is required to conduct the business process. As the scope of a task or process expands from a single, discrete action to a sequence of multiple steps and sub-processes, the limitation in scope and complexity of supported API actions becomes more of an impediment to fully emulating the process. This frequently prevents this work from being truly automated solely through APIs alone. Bringing APIs together with an emulative approach made possible by AI computer vision and machine learning greatly expands the use cases for automation.
Inability to Automate Across Applications. While business processes typically involve multiple applications, many existing automation capabilities are built into specific applications and are limited in their ability to automate business processes across multiple applications. Accordingly, we believe enterprises build inefficient business processes to compensate for limited cross-functional automation capabilities.
Difficult to Link AI Capabilities to Execution. AI and ML (“AI/ML”) capabilities are needed to automate cognitive, high-value tasks. In recent years, enterprises have made significant investments in developing AI/ML models. However, it is difficult to leverage these models as the environments for developing them, typically used by data scientists, are distinct from the environments where processes are carried out, typically by employees using enterprise applications. This separation of environments limits the ability of an organization to deploy models that are necessary to automate complex processes.
Need to Change an Enterprise’s Underlying Infrastructure. Existing offerings generally are unable to emulate the human’s role in executing a business process, requiring organizations to make significant changes either to their applications and infrastructure or to the business processes themselves. The costs associated with changing underlying infrastructure and business processes make it uneconomical to automate anything outside of narrowly defined, high-volume tasks.
Unable to Realize Full Value of Automation Throughout an Organization. Existing solutions do not typically make automations accessible to everyone within the organization as they are often built with non-intuitive user interfaces and code heavy technology stacks. These solutions are too technical for most knowledge workers, limiting their application to a small number of use cases and users with significant developer experience. Existing solutions also frequently require additional time and resources to enable the resulting automation to be used by non-technical workers or to adapt the automation to nonstandard circumstances and environments.
Lack Governance Capabilities at Scale. Existing offerings do not typically offer centralized, secure governance capabilities to enforce, manage, and deploy organizational development standards.
Difficult to Deploy. We believe existing automation solutions generally require complicated, invasive implementation processes that, in turn, require extensive upfront and ongoing training and time commitment. This makes it difficult to build and maintain automations, resulting in the persistence of manual processes throughout enterprises.
Lack of Openness and Interoperability. Many existing solutions are not modular and lack the ability to integrate new, third-party technologies and operate with customized applications. Enterprises using these solutions are locked into a limited set of proprietary options not built for the future.
Lack of an Engaged Community of Automation Developers. Many existing automation vendors do not have open software and have not invested the time and resources required to cultivate a vibrant ecosystem of automation developers that freely exchange innovations and best practices.
4
Addressable Market
Our software targets the intelligent process automation (“IPA”) market. According to a market research report published by Precedence Research, the global IPA market was valued at approximately $17.34 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach approximately $67.73 billion by 2034, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of approximately 14.6% during this period. However, we believe that these market projections may not fully represent the broader opportunities aligned with our vision and strategy of enabling fully automated enterprises.
According to an estimate by Bain & Company in the report Beyond Cost Savings: Reinventing Business Through Automation, the expansion of automation software by incorporating broader capabilities and technologies has increased the size of the addressable market for automation software to approximately $65 billion.
The size of our addressable market opportunity is underpinned by the substantial amount of business processes that could be improved through automation but are not currently automated. We expect our estimated global market opportunity will continue to expand as customers increase the size of their business units and hire additional employees, resulting in a greater number of users and processes that can benefit from automation throughout these enterprises. Additionally, we believe that we are unlocking a myriad of still unexplored automation possibilities as we continue to contribute to this market. We believe those possibilities represent a significant greenfield opportunity for us.
Organizations across the world are only beginning to understand the power of automation and we believe we are at the forefront of a revolution in the way that people do work. We believe that the opportunity that lies ahead of us is largely untapped and has the potential to be one of the largest ever in enterprise software.
Our CXM Platform
Our CXM Platform includes marketing, sales, service and content management systems, as well as other tools and integrations, that enable companies to attract and engage customers throughout the customer experience. We also provide education, services and support to help customers be successful with our CXM Platform.
We focus on selling our CXM Platform to mid-market business-to-business companies, which we define as companies that have between 100 and 5,000 employees. We sell our CXM Platform on a subscription basis. As of December 31, 2024, our combined business units (customer experience management business unit and digital transformation business unit) had 982 total customers in Japan, of which 724, or 73.7%, were paying customers and 26 total customers outside Japan, of which 1, or 0.1%, was a paying customer. Our 280 non-paying customers were originally paying customers that utilized our paid services but now use a free version of the CXM Platform. There is the potential for non-paying customers to become paying customers again if and when they start utilizing our paid services again.
Advantages of our CXM Platform
Our CXM Platform features a central database of lead and customer interactions and integrated applications designed to help businesses attract visitors to their websites, convert visitors into leads, close leads into customers, and fulfill the needs of customers so they become promoters of those businesses.
Designed to Help Companies Grow Better. Our CXM Platform was architected from the ground up to enable businesses to transform their marketing, sales, services, and content management playbook to meet the demands of customers today. Our CXM Platform includes both a system of record for maintaining a unified view of the customer experience and a system of engagement for efficiently engaging customers through search engine optimization, web content, social, blogging, email, marketing automation, messaging, support ticketing, knowledge base and more. And it is also easy to integrate with customer data platforms.
Ease of Use of a Single, Extensible Platform. We provide a set of integrated applications on a common platform, which offers businesses ease of use and simplicity. Our CXM Platform has one login, one user interface, one database, and one team for support. Our CXM Platform starts free and grows with our customers. It is designed to scale its power and technical sophistication without losing its ease-of-use. In addition to being a comprehensive suite itself, our CXM Platform seamlessly integrates with external applications, making it easy to extend the functionality of our CXM Platform and customize it for any business.
5
Power of a Unified Customer View. At the core of our CXM Platform is a single customer experience management database for each business that captures its lead and customer activity throughout the customer lifecycle. Our CXM Platform creates a unified timeline incorporating all the interactions with a particular customer. In contrast to many customer experience management system suites which are cobbled together, we have a set of core functionalities, including reporting, content, messaging, data, and automation, which runs across our product lines, which we refer to as functions.
Scalability. Our CXM Platform was designed and built to serve a large number of customers with demanding use cases. Our CXM Platform currently processes billions of data points each week, and we use leading global cloud infrastructure providers and our own automation technology to dynamically allocate capacity to handle processing workloads of all sizes. We have built our CXM Platform on modern, scalable distributed technologies. We built the infrastructure to support hundreds of microservices and can easily add new features and capabilities to the CXM Platform. We utilize a variety of open-source distributed systems including customer data platform and consent management platform to scale our data collection and processing. Our scalability gives us flexibility for future growth and enables us to service a large variety of businesses of different sizes across different industries.
Extensible and Open Architecture. Our CXM Platform features a variety of open APIs that allow easy integration of our platform with other applications. We enable our customers to connect our platform to their other applications, such as ecommerce, event management and videoconferencing applications. By connecting third-party applications, our customers can leverage our centralized inbound database to perform additional functions and analysis.
CXM Platform Functions
Our CXM Platform features integrated applications and tools that enable companies to create a cohesive and adaptable customer experience. Each function can be used standalone or in conjunction with the other functions. Our functions are available in both free and paid tiers (i.e., Starter, Professional and Enterprise) with gradually increasing levels of functionality that support the needs of our customers as they see success with our tools and their businesses grow.
Customer Experience Management. The core of our CXM Platform is a single database of lead and customer information that allows businesses to track their interactions with contacts and customers, manage their sales activities, and report on their pipeline and sales. This allows a complete view of lead and customer interactions across all of our integrated functions, giving our CXM Platform substantial power. This integration makes it possible to personalize every aspect of the customer interaction across web content, social media engagement, and email messages across devices, including mobile. The integrated functions on our CXM Platform have a common user interface and are accessed through a single login. There is a free version of our CXM Platform that can be used standalone, or with any combination of content management systems function, marketing function, sales function, and/or service function.
Marketing Function. The marketing function is an all-in-one toolset for marketers to attract, engage, and nurture new leads towards sales readiness over the entire customer lifecycle. The marketing function is available in both free and paid tiers, and can be used standalone, with our customer experience management system, a third party customer experience management system, and/or any version of content management systems function, sales function or service function. Features include marketing automation and email, social media, search engine optimization, and reporting and analytics.
Sales Function. We designed the sales function to enhance the productivity and effectiveness of sales teams. Businesses can empower their teams with tools that deliver a personalized experience for prospects with less work for sales representatives. The sales function is available in both free and paid tiers, and can be used with our customer experience management system, a third party customer experience management system, and/or any version of marketing function, content management system function or service function. Features include email templates and tracking, conversations and live chat, meeting and call scheduling, lead and website visit alerts, sales automation, and lead scoring.
6
Service Function. The service function is our customer service software that is designed to help businesses manage and connect with customers. The service function is available in free and paid tiers, and can be used standalone, with our customer experience management system, a third party customer experience management system, and/or any version of marketing function, content management system function or sales function. Features include tickets and help desk, automation and routing, knowledge base, team emails, feedback and reporting tools, and set customer goals.
Content Management System Function. Our content management system function combines the power of customer experience management and a content management system into one integrated platform. Our content tools enable businesses to create new and edit existing web content while also personalizing their websites for different visitors and optimizing their websites to convert more visitors into leads and customers. Our content management system function can be purchased as a standalone product, with our customer experience management system, a third party customer experience management system, and/or with any version of marketing function, sales function, or service function. Features include manage website pages, business blogging, smart content, landing pages and forms, search engine optimization tools, forms and lead flow, web analytics reporting, calls-to-action, and digital asset management and product information management file manager.
Platform Application (“App”) Partners. Businesses that use software outside of our software can leverage our ecosystem of third-party integrations. We make it easy to find and install new or existing software solutions that complement our CXM Platform. Over 20 integrations and applications are available for our users, across a wide range of categories, including integrations with leading social media, email, sales, video, analytics, content and webinar tools.
CXM Platform Services
We complement our product offerings with professional services, customer success and support, which we view as critical elements of ensuring the long-term retention of our customers. The majority of our services and support is offered over email, phone, chat applications and via web meeting technology rather than in-person, which is a more efficient business model for us and our customers.
Professional Services. We offer professional services to educate and train customers on how to leverage our CXM Platform to transform how their business attracts, engages and delights customers. Depending on which functions and services a customer purchases, they receive one-on-one training and guidance from one of our onboarding or technical specialists by web meeting and can purchase additional group training and education in online or in-person classes. Our professional services are also available to customers who need additional assistance on a one-time or ongoing basis for an additional fee.
Customer Success. Our customers have access to a customer success manager or customer success team which are responsible for our customers’ long term success, retention and growth on the CXM Platform. Our customer success managers and customer success teams address the unique needs and goals of our customers through a series of ongoing interactions and strategy calls on how to best engage and use our CXM Platform.
Support. In addition to assistance provided by our online articles and customer discussion forums, we offer phone and/or email and chat-based support, which is included in the cost of a subscription for our Hubs. Phone support is available starting at the Professional product level for all functions while email and chat-based support is available for Starter functions. We strive to maintain an exceptional quality of customer service. We continuously monitor key customer service metrics such as ticket resolution rates, and we monitor the customer satisfaction of our customer support interactions. We believe our customer support is an important reason why businesses choose our CXM Platform and recommend it to their colleagues.
CXM Platform Technology
Our customers have chosen us as their CXM Platform, which we architected and built to be secure, highly distributed and highly scalable. Since our founding, we have embraced rapid, iterative product development lifecycles, cloud automation and open-source technologies, including big data platforms, to power marketing, sales, service, and content management programs and provide insights not previously possible or available.
7
Our CXM Platform is a multi-tenant, single code-based, globally available software-as-a-service delivered through APIs, web browsers or mobile applications. Our commitment to a highly available, reliable, and scalable platform for businesses of all sizes is accomplished through the use of these technologies.
Platform Approach. We built our customer experience management system on a single platform with reusable and composable libraries, allowing us to rapidly address new feature areas and bring new products to market that have a consistent user experience and data model. We have built this platform with scale in mind, supporting thousands of components including hundreds of microservices.
Modern Database Architecture. We process billions of data points weekly across various channels, including social media, email, search engine optimization and website visits, and continue to drive nearly real-time analytics across these channels. This is possible because we built our database from the ground up using distributed big data technologies such as content delivery network, Edge computing and customer data platform to both process and analyze the large amounts of data we collect. We also utilize cloud environment to operate customer data at scale, allowing our engineers to choose the best datastore for each task.
Agility. Our infrastructure and development and software release processes allow us to update our platform for specific groups of customers or our entire customer base at any time. This means we can rapidly innovate and deliver new functionality frequently, without waiting for quarterly or annual release cycles. We typically make a significant number of customer data updates to our software platform in a single day, enabling us to gather immediate customer feedback and improve our product quickly and continuously.
Cost Leverage. Because our CXM Platform was built on an almost exclusive footprint of open-source software, own developed source code and designed to operate in cloud-based data centers, we have benefited from large-scale price reductions by these cloud computing service providers as they continue to innovate and compete for market share. As our processing volume continues to grow, we continue to receive larger volume discounts on a per-unit basis for costs such as storage, bandwidth and computing capacity. We also believe that our extensive use of open-source software will provide additional leverage as we scale our CXM Platform and infrastructure.
Scalability. By leveraging leading cloud infrastructure providers along with our automated technology stack, we are able to scale workloads of varying sizes at any time. This allows us to handle customers of all sizes and demands without traditional operational limitations such as network bandwidth, computing cycles, or storage capacity as we can scale our platform on-demand.
Reliability. Customer data is distributed and processed across multiple data centers within a region to provide redundancy. We built our CXM Platform on a distributed computing architecture with reduced single points of failure and we operate across data center boundaries daily. In addition to datacenter level redundancy, this architecture supports multiple live copies of each data set along with snapshot capabilities for faster, point-in-time data recovery instead of traditional backup and restore methodologies.
Security. We leverage industry standard network and perimeter defense technologies, distributed denial-of-service, protection systems (including web application firewalls) and enterprise grade domain name system services across multiple vendors. Our data-center providers operate and certify to high industry compliance levels. Due to the broad footprint of our customer base, we regularly test and evaluate our platform with trusted third-party vendors to ensure the security and integrity of our services.
Digital Transformation Solutions
Our mission is to unlock human creativity and ingenuity by enabling the fully automated enterprise and empowering workers through automation.
The modern enterprise is complex as employees must navigate an ever-increasing number of systems and applications to perform their day-to-day work. This dynamic forces workers to constantly execute manual, time-consuming, and repetitive tasks to get their work done. The friction faced by workers often results in lost productivity that can have a direct impact on a company’s bottom line. Traditional automation solutions intended to reduce this friction have generally been designed to be used by developers and engineers, rather than the employees directly involved in executing the actual work being automated. As a result, employees are limited by the lack of flexibility of these traditional automation technologies causing employee productivity, innovation, and satisfaction to suffer.
8
Our software is designed to transform the way humans work. We provide our customers with a robust set of capabilities to discover automation opportunities and build, manage, run, engage, measure, and govern automations across departments within an organization. Our software leverages the power of AI based computer vision to enable our software robots to perform a vast array of actions as a human would when executing business processes. These actions include, but are not limited to, logging into applications, extracting information from documents, moving folders, filling in forms, and updating information fields and databases. Our robots’ ability to learn from and replicate workers’ steps in executing business processes drives continuous improvements in operational efficiencies and enables companies to deliver on key digital initiatives with greater speed, agility, and accuracy.
Our software is designed to interact with and automate processes across a company’s existing enterprise stack. As a result, our customers can leverage the power of our software with lower overall IT infrastructure cost. Our software enables employees to quickly build automations for both existing and new processes. Employees can seamlessly maintain and scale automations across multiple deployment options, constantly improve and evolve automations, and continuously track and measure the performance of automations, all without substantial technical experience.
At the core of our automation software is a set of capabilities that emulates human behavior, which provides our customers with the ability to automate both simple and complex use cases. Automations on our software can be built, consumed, managed, and governed by any employee who interacts with computers, resulting in the potential for broad applicability of our software across departments within an organization. Society is at a turning point in how organizations execute work, and we believe the ability to leverage software to enrich the employee experience will unlock tremendous value and efficiency opportunities. While we are still in the early days of a multi-year journey to the fully automated enterprise, momentum is growing as organizations across the world are only now beginning to understand the power of automation.
Many of our customers expand the scope and size of use cases of our software across their organizations as they quickly realize the power of our software. We believe that the success of our land-and-expand business model is centered on our ability to deliver significant value in a very short time. We grow with our customers as they identify and expand the number of business processes to automate, which increases the number of robots deployed and the number of users interacting with our robots.
Advantages of our Solutions
Our mission is to be at the forefront of innovation and thought leadership in enterprise business automation, analyzing enterprise users’ desktops and mission-critical systems, and creating end-to-end software that provides business automation based on the results of that analysis and further simulating the numbers. We create end-to-end software that provides business automation. Our software uses a combination of RPA, task mining, and process mining to remove pain points in business operations, allowing software robots to emulate human behavior and perform specific business processes, thereby eliminating the need for employees to perform specific manual or routine tasks. This allows employees to focus on higher value-added tasks, and also allows them to seamlessly automate business processes, from legacy IT systems and on-premise applications to new cloud-native infrastructure and applications, without making significant changes to the organization’s underlying technology infrastructure. It can seamlessly automate business processes. Our software enables you to automate legacy mission-critical systems as well as work without desktops, and automate across multiple applications where no APIs exist. It is also intended to be used by employees within an enterprise, and supports a variety of use cases, from simple tasks to complex business processes over time.
9
Key Benefits to Organizations
Our software is built to help companies run their operations in a fully automated manner. Our solutions are designed to remove the friction that exists between employees and departments by increasing operational transparency, fostering collaboration between departments, and allowing people to focus on the work that matters. In addition, companies can deploy highly customized robots to support agile and fast automation creation, while reducing the overall cost of their IT infrastructure. Our goal is to shorten the time to value creation, increase efficiency, and drive innovation. Our software delivers the following key benefits to enterprises:
Empower Customers to Achieve Digital Transformation. Our software makes it fast and easy to drive digital transformation, which is typically time-consuming. Companies use our solutions to continuously discover and automate both simple tasks and complex business processes to increase operational efficiency and digital transformation. Our software reduces the time it takes for people to complete tasks from days and hours to minutes and seconds, allowing employees to focus on more creative, mission-critical, and innovative work. As a result, our software helps companies accelerate innovation, improve productivity, create competitive differentiation, and enrich the employee and customer experience. We help companies achieve true digital transformation.
Build Business Resiliency and Agility into Digital Business Operations. Our software provides our customers with the flexibility they need to operate under ever-changing conditions. A company’s operations change over time. If companies have to modify their robots each time a change occurs, true efficiency will not be achieved. Our software robots are not only capable of performing tasks just like humans, but they can also keep changing as the business changes. Our robots can be deployed manned, unmanned, desktop, server-side, or hybrid, and can adjust seamlessly as conditions change. If necessary, they can also utilize spare resources in the enterprise (such as desktops at midnight) to perform time-consuming tasks and processes. Our software provides our customers with the ability to have a virtually unlimited digital workforce that operates 24/7, resulting in a more efficient and less error-prone digital workflow.
Fast Time-to-Value. We believe that our solutions provide companies with an immediate return on investment. Our software can be easily installed on any operating system, or company. It is also designed to be intuitive, minimizing the need for time-consuming and costly implementation and training. With automatic recording and playback capabilities, workers can create robots by simply performing routine tasks. Our simulation feature also allows us to verify the efficiency of the automation before it goes live and measure its effectiveness. By using our software, customers can reap significant benefits such as improved costs and increased worker productivity.
Organization-Wide Automation. Powerful, easy-to-use software allows workers across an enterprise organization to automate their work. Our software is designed to automate any business process or task, from individual desktop tasks to complex mission-critical business processes for departments across the enterprise. It also provides development software that does not require technical skills, allowing any employee in the organization to spread the automation. This will help spread automation throughout the organization as employees across departments and job functions use our technology to improve their performance.
Inspect, improve, and analyze business execution. Our solutions provide visibility into how work is actually being done in the enterprise, enabling our customers to understand, identify, and execute automation opportunities on an ongoing basis. For example, if there is duplication of work between multiple departments, you can choose to automate one of them but not the other. This allows us to optimize the automation. Our solution leverages advanced process discovery techniques and ML models from actual log data to understand individual patterns for executing work and address bottlenecks and inefficiencies. It is a very powerful solution that can optimize the entire company.
Improve Employee Productivity, Experience, and Satisfaction. By using our solutions, companies can achieve true digital transformation and establish a better work environment for their workers. With our software, enterprise workers will be able to automate tasks that can be used and operated efficiently and automate time-consuming manual tasks. We believe that this will improve the overall experience of our customers’ employees and allow them to focus on developing higher value-added skill sets. As a result, our clients will be able to retain a high-value, engaged workforce that is capable of delivering optimal business results.
Improve Accuracy and Compliance with Speed. Operations automated by our software are designed to be performed consistently as designed, allowing companies to achieve greater accuracy. For example, a sudden change in the user interface of a website will not affect the execution of the robot. It is very highly adaptive and is designed to eliminate human errors and inconsistencies that are common to workers who do their work manually. The work performed by the robot generates a log that can be reviewed and monitored at any time, allowing administrators to better control and comply with the work.
10
Enhance Customer Experiences. Companies can use our robots to solve known problems faster and more efficiently. We can also identify potential problems and help solve them. Business is always changing, and our software allows employees to focus on addressing critical customer issues and concerns, rather than performing repetitive, routine, and low-value tasks. Our robots improve the overall speed, accuracy, and effectiveness of a company’s customer service, increasing customer retention and loyalty.
Key Benefits to Employees
Our software is designed to eliminate the need for employees to execute low-value, manual tasks, freeing up time to focus on more meaningful, strategic work. We believe that this, in turn, causes employees to feel empowered and be more valuable in contributing to broader organizational goals. “Robotics Engineer” remains one of the fastest emerging job roles globally, with Zippia projecting employment growth of 2% from 2018 to 2028, while a 2024 AIPRM survey indicated that 75% of respondents saw positive workplace impacts from AI and robotics, and an Amazon-commissioned study found automation could save workers up to 245 hours annually, underscoring strong demand and career opportunities in this field.
We believe the democratization of automation leads to the following benefits tied to an improved employee experience:
| ● | greater professional fulfillment and job satisfaction; | |
| ● | increased creativity and innovation; | |
| ● | improved performance and accuracy; | |
| ● | enhanced skillsets; | |
| ● | increased autonomy and job opportunities; and | |
| ● | more collaboration and better human interactions. |
Our Digital Transformation Software
Our software is purpose-built to advance the next generation of automation. By addressing the complete lifecycle of automation, including identifying specific tasks and processes to automate, building and managing automation software robots, deploying them to execute processes, and measuring their business impact, our software is intended to address a wide and diverse array of automation opportunities, including complex, long-running workflows. We believe our software delivers compelling ease-of-use and intuitive user experiences through our low-code development environment and seamlessly integrates with an ever-expanding ecosystem of third-party technologies and enterprise applications without changing the existing infrastructure of an organization. In doing all of this, we enable businesses to redefine the relationship between enterprise applications and business processes.
Our software encapsulates seven modular product pillars that together address the automation lifecycle within an enterprise:
| ● | Robot Automation Portal. Our RPA and Robot Automation Portal products combine AI with desktop recording, back-end mining of both human activity and system logs, and intuitive visualization tools, enabling users to discover, analyze, and identify unique processes to automate in a centralized portal. | |
| ● | Recorder. Our RPA products are low-code or no-code development environments with easy-to-use, drag-and-drop functionality that users in an organization can learn to use to create attended and unattended automations without any prior knowledge of coding. | |
| ● | Object-Oriented. The products in our automation category offer centralized tools designed to securely and resiliently manage, test, and deploy automations and ML models across the entire enterprise, with seamless access, enterprise-grade security, and endless scalability of data. |
11
| ● | Orchestration. With our RPA products, an enterprise can deploy our robots in highly immersive attended experiences or in standalone, unattended modes behind the scenes, and can leverage hundreds of native connectors built for commonly used line-of-business applications. | |
| ● | GUI and CUI interface. With our RPA products, there are multiple ways for users to remain connected and interact with robots, whether they are running in a data center, in the cloud, or right on their desktop. This capability allows our customers to manage long running processes that orchestrate work between robots and humans. | |
| ● | Monitoring. Our RPA products enable users to track, measure, and forecast the performance of automation in their enterprise. | |
| ● | Governance. We offer powerful, centralized governance capabilities designed to help businesses ensure compliance with business standards. |
Our software is powered by the following key differentiating elements that are necessary for end-to-end automation within today’s enterprise:
| ● | AI Computer Vision. Our robots are powered by a multi-pronged approach, combining proprietary computer vision technology that uses highly-trained AI with technical introspection of visual hierarchy to dynamically recognize and interact with constantly changing elements of on-screen documents, images, and applications. | |
| ● | Document Understanding. We combine our proprietary computer vision technology with optical character recognition, natural language processing, and a variety of ML technologies to classify and extract data from unstructured, semi-structured, and structured documents and images, handwriting, and scans. | |
| ● | Low-Code Development Experiences. Our software is built to be intuitive and easy to use with low-code, drag-and-drop development tools, and interfaces that knowledge workers can understand. | |
| ● | Widespread and Rich Human and Robot Interaction. Our software facilitates a broad array of interactions between humans and robots, allowing users to easily engage with robots when, where, and how they want. | |
| ● | Enterprise-Grade Governance and Security. We deliver centralized governance and data security capabilities built for businesses to securely and resiliently deploy and manage automations at enterprise scale. | |
| ● | Open and Extensible Software Architecture. Our software delivers both user interface automation and API integration on a single software. We offer hundreds of out-of-the-box, native integrations with a wide range of enterprise applications and productivity tools from our technology partners. | |
| ● | Flexible Deployment. We have built our software to be multi-tenant and deployable across on-premises, private and public cloud, and hybrid environments to meet any level of scaling, availability, and infrastructure requirements. |
HeartCore Community
We have created and cultivated a vibrant, global network of nearly several hundred thousand automation professionals who are building and sharing automations that are transforming work and their organizations.
Our Digital Transformation Products
Our software is built so that automation processes can be used throughout the enterprise. Customers can either adopt our products as a unified solution or use a subset of our products for each.
Discover
Process Mining. Process mining visualizes the event logs generated through various systems and applications by connecting them in chronological order and by pattern, by using process mining tools. This enables us to identify problems and their causes, such as exception processing that creates a burden for corrective actions, insufficient segregation of duties and rule deviations, inefficient business processing, bottlenecks, etc., so that we can improve our business effectively and speedily. In addition, if using the function to evaluate whether or not there is a problem by using the best practices of business processes as benchmarks, it becomes easier to examine the image of appropriate business processes. Furthermore, by updating the data to be captured and monitoring it continuously, it is possible to recognize the performance of business quality, changes, and anomalies in a timely manner, which can lead to improvements.
12
Currently, business process reforms are rapidly advancing, as exemplified by the automation of routine tasks through the introduction of RPA. In business process reform efforts, business processes have traditionally been visualized and evaluated in order to identify inefficient operations that need to be improved. However, these methods require a great deal of time and effort, such as interviewing the person in charge of the business, manually transcribing the contents of the business manual, which lacks accuracy and completeness, into a business flow, and repeatedly checking and revising the transcribed contents with various parties involved in the business. Furthermore, depending on the level of understanding and risk sensitivity of the interviewees, infrequent exceptions and so-called local rules were sometimes overlooked.
One of the concepts that will drive and enhance digital transformation is digital twin technology. Digital twin technology reproduces what is happening in a factory in a computer, for example, by outputting logs of information on machine tools, manufacturing equipment, and products in production, and putting the logs into process mining. It is also called a digital twin organization, which is an organization model that makes it easier to understand and manage business processes in real time, and to plan for the future. Using a model that behaves like a twin of a real factory system, it is possible to test the effects of production conditions that are not possible in reality, to test processes for efficiency, and to predict fatigue when manufacturing equipment is kept running. This factory simulation environment can reproduce the same environment as in reality.
In the 5G era, local 5G will be able to collect even more detailed logs of the factory. This will increase the accuracy of the simulations and enable even more advanced operational efficiency. By recreating not only factories but also white-collar workplaces in a digital twin, it will be possible to identify problems, eliminate bottlenecks, change workflows, and reform work styles.
Task Mining. Task mining is a method of analyzing individual PC operations of staff engaged in various tasks, i.e., detailed PC operation log data such as “application launch,” “screen launch,” “file open,” “mouse click,” “text input,” “copy and paste,” etc., to discover issues and problems. Task mining can highlight task-level issues such as, for example, whether a series of tasks to convert paper documents into digital data by reading them with OCR is taking longer than expected (inefficient tasks), or copying and pasting from email body to Excel is repeated with high frequency (repetitive tasks).
The merit of task mining is that it can point out issues and problems related to tasks, i.e., the various tasks that individual staff members perform on their PCs, based on facts such as the actual time required and the number of tasks processed. Conventional business analysis based on interviews can only provide information based on the subjective and sensory perceptions of the workers themselves, and the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results are not always high. In addition, the on-site measurement work by a researcher with a stopwatch was not only time-consuming and costly, but also had the possibility of adversely affecting the work itself of the workers to be measured. On the other hand, in the case of task mining, since the analysis targets the PC operation logs automatically collected through the sensors (agents) installed on each PC, the flow of work based on the facts as they can be reproduced. Therefore, the analysis results are extremely accurate and reliable. Moreover, it does not place a burden on the person in charge in the field.
Using task mining, the time and cost of collecting detailed business data can be significantly reduced and because it is fact-based, highly accurate and reliable analysis results can be obtained.
Manage
Robot Automation Portal. Our Robot Automation Portal is a web portal that allows customers to monitor and manage automation with RPA over a TCP/IP network (Internet and/or Intranet). The Robot Automation Portal records the results generated from the time the robot machine is registered in the portal. Customers can manage and operate all RPA robots in their company, and also report the results and monitor their status. Our Robot Automation Portal also provides an orchestration function that allows customers to send a robot to a terminal where RPA is not installed, run it in free time, and return only the results. This allows our clients to make full use of their internal resources.
Orchestrator. Our Orchestrator can provision, deploy, trigger, monitor, measure, and track the successful operation of robots on any supported device, and when combined with the Robot Automation Portal, it does so through a GUI interface.
13
CUI interface. There are many cases where GUI is not available for servers such as Linux and UNIX, etc., so our RPA also has a CUI command interface.
All robots are provided as JAR files, so as long as customers have a Java environment, they can run the robots and automate their operations without installing RPA.
Run
Development RPA. It is possible to create robots freely using flowcharts in a GUI interface, or to create robots by coding in the same way as Java development, using an interface similar to a Java IDE. It also comes with three types of OCR, making it suitable for creating a business robot that scans documents.
Execution RPA. The license is only for running the robot. Only one robot can be run simultaneously per license. The execution environment can be any device and any operating system. Although there is only one concurrent execution, there can be an unlimited number of installations.
Measure
When we start to automate with RPA robots, we tend to automate even tasks that would be more efficient without automation. This is an ironic result of automation becoming inefficient, but it is difficult to identify. Using our simulation and reporting functions, it is possible to identify inefficient automated tasks and change them to efficient operations. That may possibly be tasks that are performed by people, but the cost will vary greatly.
Govern
We offer powerful, centralized governance capabilities designed to ensure compliance with business standards. Our software balances compliance with empowerment through granular control of what can be automated, who can build and publish automations, and complete lifecycle management with role-based access control and enforcement. Governance capabilities are embedded across our software. The combination of our measurement and governance capabilities are critical as they are key to enterprise-scale automation programs and are a differentiated feature of our software.
Go IPO Consulting Services
Since February 2022, we have been offering “Go IPO” consulting services to a number of private Japanese companies where we assist such private Japanese companies and/or their affiliates (“issuers”) with their initial public offerings in the United States as well as their simultaneous listings onto the Nasdaq Stock Market, the New York Stock Exchange or the NYSE American. More specifically, these consulting services (collectively, “Services”) include the following:
| ● | Assisting with introductions to law firms, underwriters and auditing firms, in order that clients can make their selections, at their sole discretion; | |
| ● | Provision of process mining and task mining licenses for internal audit and internal control; | |
| ● | Assisting in the preparation of documentation for internal controls required for an initial public offering and simultaneous listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market, the New York Stock Exchange or the NYSE American; | |
| ● | Providing support services to remove problematic accounting accounts upon listing support; | |
| ● | Translation of requested documents into English; | |
| ● | Attend and, if requested by the other party, lead, meetings of management and employees; | |
| ● | Provide support services related to the Nasdaq, the New York Stock Exchange or the NYSE American listing; | |
| ● | Conversion of accounting data from Japanese standards to U.S. GAAP; | |
| ● | Assist in the preparation of S-1 or F-1 filings; | |
| ● | Creation of English web page; and | |
| ● | Preparing an investor presentation/deck and executive summary of the operations. |
14
In providing the Services, we do not perform accounting services, and do not act as an investment advisor or broker/dealer. Pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreements with the issuers, the parties agree that we will not provide the following services, among others: negotiation of the sale of the issuers’ securities; participation in discussions between the issuers and potential investors; assisting in structuring any transactions involving the sale of the issuers’ securities; pre-screening of potential investors; due diligence activities; and providing advice relating to valuation of or financial advisability of any investments in the issuers. Additionally, we do not take part in the selection of, or negotiation of terms with, law firms, underwriters or audit firms. Such selection and negotiation is the sole responsibility of the client.
Pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreements with the issuers, the issuers agree to compensate us as follows in return for the provision of Services during the initial term of the consulting agreements:
| (a) | A cash fee payable in installment payments; and | |
| (b) | Issuance by issuers to us of warrants or stock acquisition rights to acquire a number of shares of capital stock of the issuer, to initially be equal to a designated percentage of the fully diluted share capital of the issuer, subject to adjustment as set forth in the warrants or stock acquisition rights. |
As of December 31, 2024, we have entered into consulting agreements with 14 companies to assist them in their IPO process, whereby we are entitled to receive from each company a consulting fee that ranges from $380,000 to $900,000 and warrants or stock acquisition rights to purchase 1% to 4% of the fully-diluted share capital of such companies that is exercisable on certain dates at an exercise price of $0.01 or JPY1 per share.
Sales and Marketing
We have an efficient go-to-market model, which consists primarily of an enterprise field sales force supplemented by a high velocity inside sales team focused on small and mid-sized customers as well as a global strategic sales team focused on the largest global customers.
We have made significant investments in our sales and marketing efforts globally. As of December 31, 2024, our sales and marketing organization was comprised of 12 employees including our field sales organization, which maintains a physical sales presence in the Japanese software market. Using our go-to-market strategy, we believe we have made significant contributions in Japan and have established a diversified revenue and customer base. Our sales and marketing strategy is focused on driving growth through selling products to new customers and driving expansion within our existing customers. Our products officer, together with our sales, marketing, and executive teams, promote our brand by working to cultivate long-term relationships with current and prospective customers, expand our partnership network and foster our developer community.
We sell our solutions through a direct sales team and through channel partnerships. Our sales organization is segmented into three areas: enterprise sales, which sells to large businesses and public sector organizations; high-velocity inside-sales, which is focused on landing a high volume of new small and mid-sized customers; and a global strategic sales team focused on the largest strategic global accounts. Additionally, our sales team is supported by our renewals team that is focused on identifying upsell potential for our sales team and handling the operations behind the renewal. In collaboration with the sales team, they can also help execute on small upsells so that our field sellers can focus on the larger opportunities. Supplementing our direct sales organization are channel sales partnerships with system integrators, regional developers, business process outsourcing providers and distributors. Our channel partners enable us to extend our local and global reach, in particular with smaller customers and in geographies where we have less direct sales presence. Additionally, our customer success team on-boards new customers and accelerates expansion within our largest customers. Our enterprise and high velocity teams are organized regionally across Japan. In Japan, we maintain specialized vertical teams within our enterprise sales organization that concentrate their efforts on selling into banking and financial services, healthcare, and government entities. Our sales organization is supported by a team of pre-sales engineers and our professional services organization that offer technical expertise to help customers speed adoption and return on investment.
15
We sell to organizations of all sizes across a broad range of industries, with a focus on enterprise customers. Our go-to-market strategy is focused on a model. Our ability to expand within our existing customer base is facilitated by the breadth of our software. Our customers frequently see rapid time to value with our products, and we are able to quickly expand sales within organizations as customers add features, expand use cases and increase the number of software robots beyond their initial deployment. The potential for broad applicability of our software enables us to sell across all levels of an organization, from the C-Suite to the IT department, and to sell into multiples departments within an enterprise, which reduces friction for expansion of our products across the enterprise.
Our marketing team drives brand awareness, cultivates a large and growing community, and drives demand through a combination of global and local campaigns. We employ a variety of marketing tactics to reach prospective customers, including community evangelism, in-person and digital events, content marketing, digital advertising, search optimization, partner marketing, social media, and public relations. We host and present at regional and global events to share customer success stories, developer breakthroughs, and analyst insights and to deepen customer relationships.
A key marketing objective is to have prospective customers try our software. We provide easy access to our software through our website and partner portal. This ‘try-before-you-buy’ strategy has been a key driver of developer education and future customer purchases of our products and software. To democratize automation, we offer a free Community Edition to small businesses, university students, and individuals. Our Enterprise Trial edition, which is a time-limited license, provides prospective customers with full functionality of our software to learn, build, and deploy automations. We nurture users through their trial license by providing training and certifications through our Academy, detailing best practices and use cases, and offering continuous support through our interactive forum or pre-sales organization.
Customers
We have a large and diversified customer base. One customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, our combined business units (customer experience management business unit and digital transformation business unit) had 982 total customers of varying sizes. We pride ourselves in providing what we believe to be a great experience to every single customer and user of our software. Our customers span a variety of industries and across various departments within an organization and include:
| Consumer and Retail | Energy | Financial Services | ||
| SONY | Tohoku Electric Power Co | Bank of Japan | ||
| Panasonic | The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. | AEON Bank, Ltd | ||
| Bridgestone | Tokyo GAS | au Jibun Bank Corporation | ||
| Philips | Nomura Securities Co., Ltd | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities Co., Ltd. | ||||
| Healthcare / Pharmaceuticals | Insurance | Manufacturing | ||
| Takeda Pharmaceutical Company | Aflac | Hitachi | ||
| GE Healthcare | Sumitomo Life Insurance | Toshiba | ||
| Kobayashi Pharmaceutical | Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc. | FujiFilm | ||
| Sysmex Corporation | The Dai-ichi Life Insurance | Richo | ||
| Nippon Steel Corporation | ||||
| Technology | Telecommunications | Other | ||
| NTT Data | NTT Docomo | TOYOTA | ||
| NEC | Softbank | HONDA | ||
| Roland | KDDI | NNK | ||
| Canon | JAL | |||
| ANA | ||||
| JR East |
16
These customers are representative of the Company’s overall customer base, but that are also particularly well-known customers and often appear in the Company’s case studies. The objective criteria the Company used to determine which customers to highlight above are that the customer: (i) be in the top five in its industry; (ii) have a global presence; (iii) have sales in excess of $1 billion; and (iv) must be well-known through commercials.
Partnerships
We develop and maintain business and technology partnerships that help us seamlessly integrate the latest technology into our software and market and deliver our software to our customers around the world.
Our business partners include more than five global and regional system integrators, value-added resellers, and business consultants. We provide tiering recognition through Platinum, Gold, and Silver levels for partners that meet competency requirements and deliver and maintain a specified number of satisfied customers. These partnerships enhance our market presence and drive greater sales efficiencies.
Our technology partners bring specialized capabilities to our software. In collaboration with our technology partners, we develop integrations that simplify the interoperability of our software with their technology, resulting in faster time-to-value. These integrations give our customers more choices on how they integrate and offer a low-code option of traditional native integration.
We also maintain relationships with leading cloud vendors, such as Amazon Web Services Inc., Google Inc., and Microsoft Corporation, to simplify both the deployment of our software and to extend our software to offer customers the benefits of cloud-based AI capabilities.
Our partnerships with other leading technology companies power the significant extensibility of our software and offer our customers the ability to use the technologies of their choice on our software, driving increased customer affinity and product stickiness.
Competition
Customer Experience Management Business
Our market is evolving, highly competitive and fragmented, and we expect competition to increase in the future. We believe the principal competitive factors in our market are:
| ● | vision for the market, product strategy and pace of innovation; | |
| ● | inbound marketing focus and domain expertise; | |
| ● | integrated all-in-one CXM Platform; | |
| ● | breadth and depth of product functionality; | |
| ● | ease of use; | |
| ● | scalable, open architecture; | |
| ● | time to value and total cost of ownership; | |
| ● | integration with third-party applications and data sources; | |
| ● | name recognition and brand reputation; and | |
| ● | “free products to paid services” go-to-market motion. |
17
We believe we compete favorably with respect to all of these factors.
We face intense competition from other software companies that develop marketing, sales, service, and content management software. Our competitors offer various point applications that provide certain functions and features that we provide, including:
| ● | cloud-based marketing automation providers; | |
| ● | content management systems; | |
| ● | email marketing software vendors; | |
| ● | sales force automation and customer experience management software vendors; | |
| ● | customer service platform vendors; and | |
| ● | large-scale enterprise suites. |
In addition, instead of using our CXM Platform, some prospective customers may elect to combine disparate point applications, such as content management, marketing automation, analytics, social media management, ticketing, and conversational bots. We expect that we will develop and introduce, or acquire, applications serving customer-facing and other front office functions.
Digital Transformation Business
The market for RPA is one of the fastest growing enterprise software markets and is increasingly competitive. We believe our competitors primarily exist across the across the following three categories:
| ● | RPA software providers¸ which provide RPA software, but lack end-to-end automation capabilities. | |
| ● | Automation lifecycle enhancing technology providers, such as low-code, iBPMS, iPaaS, process mining, and test automation vendors, which provide additional features that can be useful for automations. We have alliances and integrate with the key vendors in each category, but they often develop and market automation capabilities as extensions of their core software. | |
| ● | Enterprise software vendors, which provide horizontal applications and productivity tools and are acquiring, building, or investing in RPA functionality or partnering with RPA providers. |
Our Competitive Strengths
Customer Experience Management Business
We believe that our market leadership position is based on the following key strengths:
Leading Platform. We have designed and built a world-class CXM Platform. We believe our customers choose our CXM Platform over others because of its powerful, integrated, and easy-to-use applications. We built our customer experience management system on a single, unified, and intuitive platform, which we believe contrasts positively with many other customer experience management suites.
Market Leadership and Strong Brand. Our focus is to be a recognized thought leader in the cloud-based marketing, sales, customer service, and content management software industry with a leading brand. Our marketing, sales, service, and content management experience attracts, engages, and delights customers by being more relevant, more helpful, more personalized, and less interruptive than traditional marketing and sales tactics.
Large and Growing Solutions Partner Program. Our solutions partners promote our brand and offer our CXM Platform to their clients. Solutions partners and customers referred to us by our solutions partners represented approximately 62% of our customers in Japan, and approximately 50% of our revenue in Japan for the year ended December 31, 2024. These solutions partners help us to promote the vision of the inbound experience, efficiently reach new mid-market businesses at scale, and provide our mutual customers with more diverse and higher-touch services.
Premium Pricing Strategy. Our free model attracts customers who begin using our CXM Platform through our free products and then upgrade to our paid services. Through our free products, our customers are able to receive value from us before converting to a paid product or engaging with sales.
18
Mid-Market Focus. We believe we have significant competitive advantages reaching mid-market businesses and efficiently reach this market at scale as a result of our inbound methodology, premium pricing strategy, and our solutions partner channel.
Powerful Network Effects. We have built a large and growing ecosystem around our CXM Platform and company. Thousands of our customers integrate third-party applications with our CXM Platform. We believe this ecosystem drives more businesses and professionals to embrace the inbound playbook. As our engaged audience grows, more solutions partners collaborate with us, more third-party developers integrate their applications with our CXM Platform, and more professionals complete our certification programs, all of which help to drive more businesses to adopt our CXM Platform.
Digital Transformation Business
We believe that the following are key strengths of our digital transformation business:
Broad Set of Complementary Solutions. Our software combines OCR, AI, task mining, process mining, RPA, and process discovery capabilities to enable automation across multiple non-desktop systems, mission-critical system-to-system automation deployment environments, and cloud-to-cloud applications. We can help you automate multiple systems without desktops, automation deployment environments between mission-critical systems, and across cloud applications. We provide our customers with a comprehensive set of capabilities to discover, build, manage, execute, engage, measure, and control automation across departments and personas within an organization or agency. Our software can run on multiple operating systems, including Linux, Unix, Mac, AS-400, as well as Windows, allowing for automation across a variety of systems. Also, since it is coded in Java, any Java engineer can easily build add-on functions.
Open Architecture. Our software embraces an open ecosystem with hundreds of enterprise application integrations that have been built by us and our community of technology partners. Our solution includes a variety of pre-built activities and connectors so customers can quickly create and deploy robots that execute operations and seamlessly interact with third-party systems. Our open ecosystem is architecture agnostic, which allows organizations to automate existing infrastructure and accelerate digital innovation without the need to replace or make large investments in their existing infrastructure.
Built-In AI/ML Capabilities. We incorporate our own Java components into our products to drive continuous improvement in business automation. Our RPA is a system that allows the reuse of existing programming assets to address complex use cases. Users can incorporate their current Java applications, if any, into our RPA. Furthermore, it does not only automate that application, but also expands the scope of integration with other applications. The capabilities of our software are not limited to automating existing operations, but can also adapt to ever-changing variables, such as the application of new business models, to achieve automation capabilities that dramatically improve business results and increase the competitive advantage of our customers.
Human Emulation Enables Addressing Expansive Use Cases. Our RPA robots emulate human behavior and adapt to the ever-changing external variables of business. By having the robots emulate the usual business behavior of humans, companies can leverage our software to address a myriad of use cases, from simple to complex. We believe that the power of our software is only limited by the use cases that human users can come up with.
Built for Mid to Enterprise Deployment. Our software grows as our customers increase their automation operations across their organizations. Customers can deploy our software on desktops, on-premises, in public clouds, private clouds, or in hybrid environments. In addition, it can be deployed on multiple operating systems and across multiple devices. Our software is designed with security and governance at its core, allowing our customers to seamlessly expand the scope of automation while ensuring that IT departments have the security they need to automate.
Adoption Across Workers and Functions. We make sure that workers across the organization have access to automation when they need it. Workers can interact with robots in the same way they interact with humans. For example, they can use manned robots on their desktops to get human work done faster, use unmanned robots in the background to run business processes, build applications that interact indirectly with robots, send email to robots, interact with chatbots, and so on. This will give them the freedom to choose whether to ask a robot or a human to do the work.
19
Simple, Intuitive, Quickly Deployed. Our software is easy to use, with an intuitive interface and low-code, drag-and-drop, desktop recording and playback capabilities, so that anyone working across the organization can easily take advantage of our automation features at their disposal. Automation features can be quickly and efficiently deployed throughout an organization to create immediate value. Our software can be easily learned and operated by employees with or without technical knowledge, without the need for large implementation costs or costly professional services.
Resilient Automations. Our software is capable of fully emulating the behavior of enterprise workers as they manipulate applications and systems to execute processes. Our robots can leverage our proprietary capabilities to fully emulate human behavior, interpreting a very wide variety of document types and adapting and responding to changes in the work environment. It can also adapt to changes in display resolution and scale, as well as user interface changes, by utilizing our proprietary OCR capabilities. For example, the process of scanning and importing postal invoices does not require the user to memorize the format of each invoice, and a single template can be used for all types of invoices. In addition, we have developed a variety of features to enable elasticity in the process and execution of automation. For example, when testing the user interface of a website, our software can create the same state as a human being browsing the site and perform operational validation tests. It also allows for management, reuse and reliability of user interface elements. Thanks to this feature, when changes are made to the application, the operation can continue without having to update the robot. With such flexibility, robots demonstrate their resilience in automating tasks and reducing the number of errors across the enterprise.
Integrated and Portable Object API Models. Our customers can reuse our object-oriented robots. This capability allows them to extend the capabilities of our software and improve automation results. Our software makes it easy to deploy, manage, and improve objects built by customers and third parties, allowing you to allocate more human resources to business problems and use cases. objects are designed to be deployed and customized once created.
Automation Performance and Business Outcome Analytics. Our software enables customers to gain powerful insights and generate key performance indicators with actionable metrics by tracking, measuring, and predicting automation performance through the use of a Robot Automation Portal. Out-of-the-box dashboards display execution metrics and allow users to measure performance and report on the value of their automation.
Built for Collaboration with Human and Robot. Our software is designed to allow humans and robots to work together, so that each can focus on the tasks they do best. Robots can perform time-consuming, repetitive, and routine tasks that make work less interesting and satisfying, while humans can focus on more creative thinking, innovation, solving complex problems, and improving the customer experience. Our software allows our customers to harness the power of automation to create fully automated, highly efficient enterprises where humans and robots work in harmony.
Accelerating the Adoption of Automation within the Enterprise. The adoption of our software will automate simple, duplicative, repetitive and time-consuming tasks in the organization that are not interesting to people, thus allowing them to focus on creative and rewarding tasks. Most of our clients use our solutions to find and automate all the tasks that can be automated in their companies. Our solution works with your employees to evaluate and score high-value automation possibilities. As employees become more comfortable with automation, they will more easily adopt and implement it, discover new processes to automate within a particular, and provide new automation ideas to RPA for development and deployment. After a few iterations of this kind of behavior, a phenomenon occurs in which certain employees build useful automation on their own, which is then deployed throughout the organization. This action is different from the automation that has been discovered so far and contributes to further operational efficiency. It helps to organically surface a number of automation ideas that could not be achieved with the traditional top-down approach.
20
Our Growth Strategies
Customer Experience Management Business
The key elements to our growth strategy for our customer experience management business are:
Grow Our Customer Base. The market for our CXM Platform is large and underserved. Mid-market businesses are particularly underserved by existing point application vendors and often lack sufficient resources to implement complex solutions. Our all-in-one CXM Platform allows mid-market businesses to efficiently adopt and execute an effective inbound marketing, sales, customer service, and content management strategy to help them expand and grow. We will continue to leverage our inbound go-to-market approach, freemium pricing strategy and our network of solutions partners to keep growing our business.
Increase Revenue from Existing Customers. With 982 total customers from our combined business units in Japan as of December 31, 2024, we believe we have a significant opportunity to increase revenue from our existing customers. We plan to increase revenue from our existing customers by expanding their use of our CXM Platform by upselling additional offerings and features, adding additional users, and cross-selling our marketing, sales, service, and content management products to existing customers through touchless or low touch in-product purchases. Our scalable pricing model allows us to capture more spend as our customers grow, increase the number of their customers and prospects managed on our CXM Platform, and offer additional functionality available from our higher price tiers and add-ons, providing us with a substantial opportunity to increase the lifetime value of our customer relationships.
Keep Expanding Internationally. We intend to grow our presence in international market through additional investments in local sales, marketing and professional service capabilities, as well as by leveraging our solutions partner network. We plan to open international offices. We have significant website traffic from regions outside the United States, and we believe that markets outside the United States represent a significant growth opportunity.
Continue to Innovate and Expand Our CXM Platform. Mid-market businesses are increasingly realizing the value of having an integrated marketing, sales, customer service, and content management platform. We believe we are well positioned to capitalize on this opportunity by introducing new products and applications to extend the functionality of our CXM Platform.
Selectively Pursue Acquisitions. We plan to selectively pursue acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies and teams that would allow us to add new features and functionalities to our platform and accelerate the pace of our innovation.
Digital Transformation Business
For our digital transformation business, we are pursuing a large market opportunity with growth strategies that include:
Acquire New Customers. Our market is rapidly growing. We believe that as more organizations adopt our automation software and experience quantifiable competitive advantages, other organizations will also adopt automation as a necessary tool to compete. While we sell to organizations of all sizes and across a broad range of industries, our go-to-market team’s key focus is on the largest organizations, including large enterprises and governments. We also use an inside sales team focused on small and mid-sized businesses. We plan to continue to invest in our go-to-market team to grow our customer base both domestically and internationally.
Expand Within Our Existing Customer Base. Our customer base represents a significant opportunity for us to become a strategic partner to our customers in their automation journeys and drive further sales expansion through the following vectors:
| ● | deploy more software robots across different departments; | |
| ● | provide more employees with their own robot assistants; | |
| ● | increase adoption of software products; and | |
| ● | expand use cases for automation in the organization. |
Over time, we seek to deploy our solution where every employee interacts with multiple robots. We believe we will be able to accomplish this through our continued democratization of automation and enablement of citizen developers.
21
Grow and Cultivate Our Partner and Channel Network. We are focused on maintaining and growing our ecosystem of partners that build, train, and certify skills on our technology as well as deploy our technology on behalf of their customers. We have built a global partner ecosystem of more than 40 systems integrators, value-added resellers, business consultants, technology partners, and public cloud vendors. Our partner network includes, among others, content management systems, customer experience management systems, Heartcore Robo (RPA), Apromore, myInvenio and Controlio. We intend to continue to expand and enhance our partner relationships to grow our market presence and drive greater sales efficiencies.
Extend Our Technology Leadership Through Continued Innovation and Investment in Our Software. We believe that we have built a differentiated automation software and intend to continually increase the value we provide to our customers by investing in extending the capabilities of our software. We have made and will continue to make significant investments in research and development to bolster our existing technology and enhance usability to improve our customers’ productivity.
Foster the Next Generation of Workers and Grow Our Community. We have built an extensive ecosystem focused on training and supporting individuals on working with our software. We have created forums addressing automation in the workplace and learning plans for all the important roles in automation. We believe automation will be a foundation of the future of work and, as individuals build out their skillsets, this will drive greater adoption of our software.
Continue to Invest in Major Markets.
Since inception, we have invested in developing an infrastructure that would allow us to scale globally. We continue seeing adoption of our products across all geographies in which we operate and believe we have a significant runway ahead of us. We believe there is a significant opportunity to expand use of our software in the top 25 countries as measured by gross domestic product. As of December 31, 2024, sales to customers located in such countries represented 100% of our total revenues. We intend to continue to make significant investments to expand our sales and drive adoption of our software throughout those markets. In particular, we believe that North America represents a significant opportunity for us, and we intend on continuing to expand our sales and drive adoption of our software across the region. As of December 31, 2024, customers located in the United States represented 25.83% of our total revenues.
Opportunistically Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. We will evaluate acquisition opportunities that we believe will be complementary to our existing software, enhance our technology, and increase the value proposition we deliver to our customers.
Intellectual Property
Intellectual property rights are important to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as license agreements, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements with third parties, and other contractual protections, to protect our intellectual property rights, including our proprietary technology, software, know-how, and brand.
As of December 31, 2024, we held one issued patent in Japan. Our issued patent is scheduled to expire between October 2028 and January 2030. As of December 31, 2024, we held one pending U.S. trademark application, and more than two active foreign trademark filings. As of December 31, 2024, we held two domain names, one registered in the United States and one registered in foreign jurisdictions. We continually review our development efforts to assess and identify the existence and patentability of new intellectual property.
The terms of individual patents extend for varying periods of time, depending upon the date of filing of the patent application, the date of patent issuance, and the legal term of patents in the countries in which they are obtained. Generally, patents issued for applications filed in the United States are effective for 20 years from the earliest effective filing date of a non-provisional patent application. The duration of patents outside of the United States varies in accordance with provisions of applicable local law, but typically is also 20 years from the earliest effective filing date. However, the actual protection afforded by a patent varies on a country-to-country basis and depends upon many factors, including the type of patent, the scope of its coverage, the availability of legal remedies in a particular country, and the validity and enforceability of the patent.
22
Although we rely on intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets, as well as contractual protections to establish and protect our proprietary rights, we believe that factors such as the technological and creative skills of our personnel, development of new services, features, and functionality, and frequent enhancements to our software are equally essential to establishing and maintaining our technology leadership position.
We control access to and use of our proprietary technology and other confidential information through the use of internal and external controls, including contractual protections with employees, contractors, customers, and partners. We require our employees, consultants, and other third parties to enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements and we control and monitor access to our software, documentation, proprietary technology, and other confidential information. Our policy is to require all employees and independent contractors to sign agreements assigning to us any inventions, trade secrets, works of authorship, developments, processes, and other intellectual property generated by them on our behalf and under which they agree to protect our confidential information. In addition, we generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our customers and partners.
Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property, unauthorized parties may still copy or otherwise obtain and use our technology. In addition, we intend to continue to expand our international operations, and effective intellectual property, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection may not be available or may be limited in foreign countries. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property rights could harm our business or our ability to compete.
Corporate History
We were incorporated in the State of Delaware on May 18, 2021. We conduct business activities principally through our wholly owned subsidiary, HeartCore Co., a Japanese corporation, which was established in Japan by Sumitaka Yamamoto in 2009.
Share Exchange Agreement
On July 16, 2021, pursuant to the terms of a share exchange agreement among the Company, HeartCore Co., the shareholders of HeartCore Co. (excluding Dentsu Digital Investment Limited) and Sumitaka Yamamoto, as the representative of the shareholders of HeartCore Co., we issued 15,999,994 shares of our common stock to the shareholders of HeartCore Co. in exchange for 10,706 shares HeartCore Co.’s common stock, representing 97.5% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of HeartCore Co. As a result of this transaction, HeartCore Co. became our 97.5%-owned subsidiary and the former shareholders of HeartCore Co. became the owners of 100% of our outstanding common stock as of July 16, 2021.
On February 24, 2022, the Company purchased 278 shares of HeartCore Co. from Dentsu Digital for 50,040,000 Japanese Yen (approximately $435,500). As a result, effective February 24, 2022, HeartCore Co. is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
On September 6, 2022, HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. entered into a share exchange and purchase agreement (“Sigmaways Agreement”) to acquire 51% of the outstanding shares of Sigmaways, a company incorporated under the laws of the State of California, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Sigmaways and its wholly owned subsidiaries are engaged in the business of developing and sales of software in the United States. The acquisition was closed on February 1, 2023.
In February 2023, HeartCore USA incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary, HeartCore Capital Advisors, Inc. (“HeartCore Capital Advisors”), in Japan. HeartCore Capital Advisors is engaged in the business of providing financial consulting services to Japanese companies. In January 2024, HeartCore Capital Advisors was meagered into HeartCore Co.
In January 2023, HeartCore USA incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary, HeartCore Financial, Inc. (“HeartCore Financial”), under the laws of the State of Delaware. HeartCore Financial is engaged in the business of providing financial consulting services. In April 2024, we established a Japan Branch Office (“HeartCore Financial - Japan”), with focus on GO IPO consulting services in Japan.
In November 2023, HeartCore Japan established a 51% owned subsidiary in Vietnam, HeartCore Luvina Vietnam Company Limited (“HeartCore Luvina”), which is engaged in the business of providing software development and other services and started to operate in February 2024.
Memorandum to Share Exchange Agreement - Information Services International-Dentsu Ltd.
On July 15, 2021, the Company, HeartCore Co. and Mr. Yamamoto entered into a memorandum regarding share exchange agreement (the “Memorandum”) with Information Services International-Dentsu Ltd. (“ISI-Dentsu”), a shareholder of HeartCore Co., which became a stockholder of the Company pursuant to the share exchange agreement.
23
Pursuant to the Memorandum, the parties agreed on certain matters related to the operations of the Company and HeartCore Co., which would remain in place until the earlier of (1) the parties unanimous agreement to terminate the Memorandum; (2) if Dentsu ceases to be a stockholder of the Company; (3) if an application by the Company for the listing of its shares is approved by Nasdaq; or (4) upon the effectiveness of a registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act for an initial public offering of its stock (which was satisfied when the Company closed its initial public offering on February 14, 2022). Therefore, the Memorandum ceased to be in effect upon the closing of our initial public offering on February 14, 2022.
Pursuant to the Memorandum, the Company and HeartCore Co. agreed to give advance notice to Dentsu when decisions are made with respect to any of the following matters pertaining to the Company or HeartCore Co.:
| ● | Changes to the certificate of incorporation or articles of incorporation, limited to the creation of class shares, changes in the features of common shares as class shares, establishment of or changes in share units, and other changes that may affect the position of common shareholders; | |
| ● | Dissolution, a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, civil rehabilitation proceedings or corporate reorganization proceedings filed by the Company, HeartCore Co. or its directors; | |
| ● | Approval of demand for sale of the shares by Mr. Yamamoto; | |
| ● | Loans, capital investment or other investments; | |
| ● | Issuance of new shares, stock options, convertible bonds or debentures; | |
| ● | Capital reduction; | |
| ● | Acquisition, disposition or cancellation of treasury shares, acquisition, disposition or cancellation of treasury stock acquisition rights, or redemption, purchase, cancellation or acquisition of options or other rights; | |
| ● | Stock split or reverse stock split; | |
| ● | Merger, company split, share exchange, share transfer or share delivery; | |
| ● | Transfer, acquisition, suspension or abolition of all or a part of a business, consolidation of branch offices or commencement of new business; | |
| ● | Significant business alliances or their dissolution; | |
| ● | Approval of transfer of shares of the Company or HeartCore Co. (including sales by the Company of HeartCore Co.’s shares); | |
| ● | Acquisition or disposition of shares of any related party of the Company or HeartCore Co.; | |
| ● | Appointment and dismissal of directors, executive officers, auditors, managers and other important employees; | |
| ● | Any transaction between HeartCore Co. and its director which requires approval by the board of directors under the Japanese Companies Act and any equivalent transaction between the Company and its director; | |
| ● | Execution or change of important contracts or other legally significant juridical acts; | |
| ● | Establishment of subsidiary and affiliates; and | |
| ● | Any change of business plan. |
24
Pursuant to the Memorandum, to the extent not in conflict with the laws of the United States or the State of Delaware or the rules and regulations of any securities exchange or securities market on which the Company’s securities are traded or listed for trading, Mr. Yamamoto agreed to notify Dentsu in advance when making a decision on the following matters pertaining to Mr. Yamamoto:
| ● | A petition for bankruptcy or commencement of civil rehabilitation proceedings filed by Mr. Yamamoto himself; | |
| ● | Transfer or acquisition of shares of HeartCore Co. or its related parties; | |
| ● | Loans, debt guarantees or collateral; | |
| ● | The filing of a lawsuit, settlement or conclusion of a suit not based on a judicial decision by Mr. Yamamoto pertaining to a claim on property rights; | |
| ● | Conclusion or change of important contracts or other important juridical act; and | |
| ● | Offering of the shares held by Mr. Yamamoto. |
To the extent not in conflict with the laws of the United States or the State of Delaware or the rules and regulations of any securities exchange or securities market on which the Company’s securities are traded or listed for trading, and provided that legal counsel to the Company does not advise the Company that any such notification is inadvisable due to such information being material non-public information or due to such disclosure being a breach of the fiduciary duties of the officers or Directors of the Company, the Company or HeartCore Co. also agreed to provide to Dentsu a summary of the following matters pertaining to the Company or HeartCore Co.:
| ● | Damage arising from disasters or operations; | |
| ● | Filing of a lawsuit by a third party which may affect its financial condition, or becoming subject to a judgment, or any order or award equivalent thereto which may affect its financial condition; | |
| ● | Petition for an injunction of the business or a provisional disposition order equivalent thereto, or conclusion of legal proceedings not based on an order or a judgement by the court; | |
| ● | Revocation of license, suspension of business or other equivalent dispositions by an administrative agency based on laws and regulations, or accusation by an administrative agency for violation of the laws; | |
| ● | Merger or other reorganization involving the Company, HeartCore Co., or any of their related parties; | |
| ● | Filing of a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, commencement of civil rehabilitation proceedings, commencement of corporate reorganization proceedings, commencement of special liquidation or enforcement of the corporate security interest by a third party, suspension of payments or dishonor of bills or checks with regard to HeartCore Co. or the Company; | |
| ● | Commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, commencement of civil rehabilitation proceedings, commencement of corporate reorganization proceedings, commencement of special liquidation or petition for exercise of corporate security interest, suspension of payments or dishonor of bills or checks pertaining to the Company, HeartCore Co. or any of its related parties; | |
| ● | Suspension of transactions with material customers, suppliers, distributors, agents, or other business partners; | |
| ● | The occurrence of risk of default by an obligor of the Company or HeartCore Co., or a principal obligor of a guarantee obligation of which the Company or HeartCore Co. is a guarantor; and | |
| ● | Cancellation of debts by creditors, reduction or extension of interest or assumption or repayment of debts by third parties. |
25
In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, and provided that legal counsel to the Company does not advise the Company that any such notification is inadvisable due to such information being material non-public information or due to such disclosure being a breach of the fiduciary duties of the officers or Directors of the Company, if Sumitaka Yamamoto becomes aware of the occurrence of the following matters pertaining to himself and other matters that are important in terms of credit status, etc., he agreed to immediately report in writing the summary of the following matters that occurred to the investors:
| ● | Filing of a lawsuit by a third party which may affect the financial condition of Mr. Yamamoto, or becoming subject to a judgement or any order or award equivalent thereto which may affect the financial condition of Mr. Yamamoto; and | |
| ● | Petition for commencement of bankruptcy or civil rehabilitation proceedings, suspension of payment or dishonor of bill or check by a third party. |
Pursuant to the Memorandum, Dentsu has the right to demand that Mr. Yamamoto purchase all or part of the shares held by it (including any other option rights to acquire shares), in the event that the Company, HeartCore Co. or Mr. Yamamoto breaches any of its obligations under the Memorandum and fails to remedy such breach within 30 days, if the representations and warranties in the Memorandum are not true or accurate, or where it is subsequently found that the preconditions for the execution of the Memorandum were not been satisfied. Mr. Yamamoto may cause a third party to acquire such shares with the approval of Dentsu.
The per share-transfer price for the shares in this case shall be the purchase price paid by Dentsu for the acquisition of shares of HeartCore Co., subject to appropriate adjustments for stock splits, stock consolidations, and similar events involving the shares. In the event any withholding tax is imposed upon the transfer price of the shares the amount equivalent to such withholding tax will be borne by the purchaser and the purchaser is required to pay Dentsu the entire amount of the transfer amount so that the amount Dentsu receives after withholding is the transfer price set forth in the Memorandum.
The Company and HeartCore Co. also agreed to hold regular business briefings at least once a quarter and to provide Dentsu with reports on the business execution of the Company and HeartCore Co. and monthly trial balances of the Company and HeartCore Co. (including balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and cash flow statements).
Mr. Yamamoto agreed that if he wished to transfer all or part of the shares of the Company that he held to a third party, he will notify Dentsu at least 40 business days prior to the scheduled date of payment of the transfer price of such shares, providing the details regarding the proposed sale. Dentsu then has the right to participate in the transfer under the same terms and conditions and to transfer all of the shares held by Dentsu to the buyer in the proposed transaction. If Dentsu makes such an election, Mr. Yamamoto agreed to negotiate with the buyer and take all necessary measures to transfer the shares that Dentsu desires to transfer.
The Memorandum also provides that in the event that Mr. Yamamoto voluntary resigns as a director of the Company or HeartCore Co. or his term of office expires, the Company or HeartCore Co. shall immediately add another person who shall be concurrently responsible for the obligations incurred by Mr. Yamamoto in connection with the Memorandum, upon approval of Dentsu.
The Memorandum contains customary representations and warranties by Mr. Yamamoto relating to the Company and HeartCore Co. and customary confidentiality, indemnification and other miscellaneous provisions. The Memorandum is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Japan.
Stock Purchase Agreement – Dentsu Digital Investment Limited
On August 10, 2021, the Company and Dentsu Digital Investment Limited (“Dentsu Digital”) entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase the 278 shares of HeartCore Co. from Dentsu Digital in accordance with certain terms and conditions in the Stock Purchase Agreement. In accordance with the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to purchase the 278 shares of HeartCore Co. from Dentsu Digital for 50,040,000 Japanese Yen (approximately $435,500) on the earlier of the (i) the date the SEC declares effective a registration statement on Form S-1, for a firm commitment underwritten initial public offering of common stock, filed by the Company with the SEC or (ii) December 20, 2022.
On February 24, 2022, the Company purchased 278 shares of HeartCore Co. from Dentsu Digital for 50,040,000 Japanese Yen (approximately $435,500). As a result, effective February 24, 2022, HeartCore Co. is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
26
Recent Developments
Related Party Transactions
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a due to related parties balance of $47 and $1,476, respectively, from Sumitaka Yamamoto, the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and major shareholder of the Company. The balance is unsecured, non-interest bearing and due on demand. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repaid to the related party for operating expenses the related party paid on behalf of the Company in a net amount of $1,338. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the related party paid operating expenses on behalf of the Company and received the payments in a net amount of $1,123.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a due to related parties balance of $885 and nil, respectively, from Luvina Software Joint Stock Company (“Luvina Software”), the non-controlling interest shareholder of HeartCore Luvina. The balance is unsecured, non-interest bearing and due on demand. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the related party paid operating expenses on behalf of the Company in the amount of $899. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had an accounts payable and accrued expenses balance of $47,199 and nil, respectively, to Luvina Software. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company engaged the related party for software development and other support services in the amount of $202,288.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a loan receivable balance of $164,067 and $227,704, respectively, from Heartcore Technology Inc., a company controlled by the CEO of the Company. The loan is made to the related party to support its operation. The balance is unsecured, bears an annual interest of 1.475%, and requires repayments in installments starting from February 2022. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company received repayments of $42,104 and $45,404, respectively, from this related party.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a short-term debt balance of $75,000 and nil, respectively, to Prakash Sadasivam, the CEO of Sigmaways and Chief Strategy Officer (“CSO”) of the Company. The debt is borrowed from the related party for working capital purpose. The balance is unsecured, bears an annual interest of 7.5%, and matures on June 30, 2025.
Equity Awards
On February 3, 2023, the Company granted stock options to an employee to purchase 100,000 common shares at an exercise price of $1.17 per share throughout a period of ten years from the grant date. The stock options will vest 50% on the grant date and February 1, 2024, respectively.
On March 22, 2023, the Company granted 671,350 shares of common shares to the employees and service providers of Sigmaways.
On August 1, 2023, the Board approved, and proposed for stockholder approval, the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”). The shareholders approved the 2023 Plan at the Annual Shareholder’s meeting on September 29, 2023. The 2023 Plan provides for various stock-based incentive awards, including incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and other equity-based or cash-based awards. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has not granted any stock-based compensation awards to employees, including officers, or non-employee directors pursuant to the 2023 Plan.
On August 25, 2023, the Company awarded options to purchase 2,000 shares of common stock pursuant to our 2021 Plan at an exercise price of $1.10 per share to an employee. The options vest on each annual anniversary of the date of issuance, in an amount equal to 25% of the applicable shares of common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the 2021 Plan and the option award agreements pursuant to which the options were awarded.
On October 1, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate 69,653 shares of common stock pursuant to the 2023 Plan. The common stock was fully vested upon issuance.
27
At the Market Offering
On October 23, 2023, we entered into the At The Market Offering Agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Manager”), as sales agent. Pursuant to the prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus relating to the offering and under terms of the At the Market Offering Agreement, filed with the SEC on October 23, 2023, the Company may, from time to time, in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) issue and sell through or to the Manager, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $1,988,229 of shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”). The issuance and sale of the Shares to or through the Manager from time to time will be effected pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, as amended (File No. 333-270503), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 12, 2023 (the “Registration Statement”), and the related prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus relating to the offering of the Shares.
Sale of Warrants
On February 29, 2024, the Company entered into a warrants transfer agreement with a non-related company to sell partial of the warrants it received from a customer (“Consulting Customer”) as noncash consideration from consulting services for $9,000,000 in cash. The warrants to be transferred are exercisable only upon its Consulting Customer’s consummation of the Merger with a special purpose acquisition company or the occurrence of other fundamental events defined in the warrant agreement it had with the Consulting Customer. The Company completed its sale of warrants in September 2024 and recorded $3,970,628 in loss on sale of warrants from this transaction.
Dividends
On March 29, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.02 per share of the Company’s common stock. The dividend was paid on May 3, 2024 to stockholders of record as of April 26, 2024, resulting in an aggregate of $417,283 in total dividends paid by the Company.
On July 22, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.02 per share of the Company’s common stock. The dividend was paid on August 26, 2024 to stockholders of record as of August 19, 2024, resulting in an aggregate of $417,283 in total dividends paid by the Company.
The Company may continue to issue quarterly dividends going forward, contingent upon the Board of Directors’ approval, following review of the Company’s then-current financial results. Future dividends, if any, may be less than, equal to or greater than recent dividends.
Properties
Our corporate headquarters are located at 1-2-33, Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan, where we lease approximately 7,863 rentable square feet of office space from an unaffiliated third party. This lease has an original term ending in September 2025 with an automatic two-year renewal option. Terms of the office lease provide for a base rent payment of $21,769 per month and a share of sales taxes of $2,177 per month. In February 2024, we terminated the lease of our previous Okinawa branch office located at 2-4-35, Mekaru, Naha-city, Okinawa, Japan. We subsequently entered into a new lease agreement for our current Okinawa branch office at 381-1, Asato, Naha-city, Okinawa, Japan, which we lease from an unaffiliated third party. This lease has an original term ending in August 2024, with automatic three-month renewals thereafter. Terms of the Okinawa office lease provide for a base rent payment of $915 per month and a share of sales taxes of $92 per month.
The Japan branch office of HeartCore Financial, Inc. is located at 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, where we lease approximately 1,379 rentable square feet of office space from an unaffiliated third party. This lease has lease term ending in June 2026. Terms of the office lease provide for a base rent payment of $8,743 per month and a share of sales taxes of $874 per month.
The office of Sigmaways, Inc. is located at 39737 Paseo Padre PKWY, Suite C1 Fremont, CA U.S., where we lease approximately 765 square feet of office space from an unaffiliated third party with lease term expected to end in December 2025. Terms of the office lease provide for a base rent payment of $1,868 per month.
The office of HeartCore Luvina Vietnam Company Limited is located at Software Park Building, No.2 Quang Trung, Hai Chau district, Da Nang City, Vietnam, where we lease approximately 915 square feet of office space from an unaffiliated third party with lease term ending in January 2026. Terms of the office lease provide for a quarterly base rent payment of $2,516.
28
Employees and Human Capital Management
Helping millions of organizations grow better requires a truly remarkable team. We are passionate about building a company culture where people can do their best work. Our company culture and our people are not just human resources priorities but critical business priorities. As a result, we consistently focus on how we can continue to help employees grow, both personally and professionally.
Since 2009, we have expanded beyond our Japanese headquarters to several offices globally and have built a large remote community. Currently, we are operating primarily from our office in Japan. As of December 31, 2024, we had 91 full-time employees. None of our employees is represented by a union. We consider our relations with our employees to be good.
| ● | Culture and Values. Our culture is built on the firm belief that personal and professional growth is just as important as business growth. We believe the best people do not only fit our culture, they further it. | |
| ● | Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging. We have launched various initiatives to further our goal of being a more diverse, inclusive, and equitable workplace. We have a team dedicated to diversity, inclusion, and belonging initiatives, including but not limited to, hiring goals focused on increasing black, indigenous and people of color representation company-wide, anti-racism training for employees and managers, key external partnerships, and our annual diversity report. | |
| ● | Compensation and Benefits. We provide competitive compensation and benefits for our employees globally. Our compensation packages may include base salary, commission or semi-annual bonuses, and stock-based compensation. We evaluate both compensation and benefit offerings on an annual basis to ensure competitiveness of both programs and we make adjustments as needed. | |
| ● | Workplace Awards. We are proud to be named a Best Place to Work in 2020 and 2021 by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Japan. |
Government Regulation
Our business is and will continue to be subject to extensive U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations, including laws and regulations involving privacy, data protection, security, intellectual property, competition, taxation, anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, and other similar laws. Many of these laws and regulations are still evolving and are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future, and these laws and regulations can vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The costs of complying with these laws and regulations are high and likely to increase in the future. Further, the impact of these laws and regulations may disproportionately affect our business in comparison to our competitors that have greater resources.
In the United States, we are subject to data security and privacy rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (the “CCPA”), and other state and federal laws relating to privacy and data security. The CCPA requires covered businesses to provide new disclosures to California residents and to provide them new ways to opt-out of the sale of personal information, and provides a private right of action and statutory damages for data breaches. Other jurisdictions in the United States are beginning to propose laws similar to the CCPA.
As a result of our international operations, we must comply with a multitude of data security and privacy laws that may vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Virtually every jurisdiction in which we operate has established or is in the process of establishing data security and privacy legal frameworks with which we or our customers must comply. Our failure to comply with the laws of each jurisdiction may subject us to significant penalties. For example, the data protection landscape in Europe, including with respect to cross-border data transfers, is currently unstable and other countries outside of Europe have enacted or are considering enacting cross-border data transfer restrictions and laws requiring local data residency.
29
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. We are not presently a party to any litigation the outcome of which, we believe, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition. Defending such proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
An investment in our securities carries a significant degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks, as well as the other information contained in this annual report on Form 10-K, including our historical financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K, before you decide to purchase our securities. Any one of these risks and uncertainties has the potential to cause material adverse effects on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results which could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements expressed by us and a significant decrease in the value of our common shares and warrants. Refer to “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
We may not be successful in preventing the material adverse effects that any of the following risks and uncertainties may cause. These potential risks and uncertainties may not be a complete list of the risks and uncertainties facing us. There may be additional risks and uncertainties that we are presently unaware of, or presently consider immaterial, that may become material in the future and have a material adverse effect on us. You could lose all or a significant portion of your investment due to any of these risks and uncertainties.
Below is a summary of material risks, uncertainties and other factors that could have a material effect on the Company and its operations:
| ● | Our industry and the markets in which we operate are highly competitive and increased competitive pressures could reduce our share of the markets we serve and adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows; | |
| ● | We are a holding company and depend upon our subsidiary for our cash flows; | |
| ● | We may require additional funding for our growth plans, and such funding may result in a dilution of your investment; | |
| ● | As a controlled company during 2024, we were not subject to all of the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq Capital Market, and we continue to take advantage of Nasdaq’s phase-in rules for compliance with the majority independent board requirement; | |
| ● | The Company’s payment of cash dividends from additional paid-in capital may expose the Company to potential liabilities arising out of state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws and legal distribution requirements. | |
| ● | If the voting power of our capital stock continues to be highly concentrated, it may prevent you and other minority stockholders from influencing significant corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest; | |
| ● | Our common stock may be delisted under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditor given that they are relying upon support from their China-based offices, and the delisting of our common stock, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment; | |
| ● | We are dependent upon customer renewals, the addition of new customers, increased revenue from existing customers and the continued growth of the market for content management, customer experience management, task and process mining, and robotic process automation; | |
| ● | Our subscription renewal rates may decrease, and any decrease could harm our future revenue and operating results; | |
| ● | If we do not accurately predict subscription renewal rates or otherwise fail to forecast our revenue accurately, or if we fail to match our expenditures with corresponding revenue, our operating results could be adversely affected; | |
| ● | Because we generally recognize revenue from subscriptions ratably over the term of the agreement, near term changes in sales may not be reflected immediately in our operating results; |
| ● | We face significant competition from both established and new companies offering digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation, and other related applications, as well as internally developed software, which may harm our ability to add new customers, retain existing customers and grow our business; | |
| ● | We have experienced rapid growth and organizational change in recent periods and expect continued future growth. If we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or address competitive challenges adequately; |
30
| ● | Failure to effectively develop and expand our digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our software; | |
| ● | The rate of growth of our business depends on the continued participation and level of service of our third-party partners; | |
| ● | We may experience quarterly fluctuations in our operating results due to a number of factors, which makes our future results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or our guidance; | |
| ● | If we fail to maintain our inbound thought leadership position, our business may suffer; | |
| ● | If we fail to further enhance our brand and maintain our existing strong brand awareness, our ability to expand our customer base will be impaired and our financial condition may suffer; | |
| ● | If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing customer needs or requirements, our software may become less competitive; | |
| ● | If we fail to offer high-quality customer support, our business and reputation may suffer; | |
| ● | We may not be able to scale our business quickly enough to meet our customers’ growing needs and if we are not able to grow efficiently, our operating results could be harmed; | |
| ● | Our ability to introduce new products and features is dependent on adequate research and development resources. If we do not adequately fund our research and development efforts, we may not be able to compete effectively and our business and operating results may be harmed; | |
| ● | Changes in the sizes or types of businesses that purchase our software or in the applications within our software purchased or used by our customers could negatively affect our operating results; | |
| ● | We have in the past completed acquisitions and may acquire or invest in other companies or technologies in the future, which could divert management’s attention, fail to meet our expectations, result in additional dilution to our stockholders, increase expenses, disrupt our operations or harm our operating results; | |
| ● | Because our long-term growth strategy involves further expansion of our sales to customers outside Japan, our business will be susceptible to risks associated with international operations; | |
| ● | If we cannot maintain our company culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, passion and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success and our business may be harmed; | |
| ● | We rely on our management team and other key employees, and the loss of one or more key employees could harm our business; | |
| ● | The failure to attract and retain additional qualified personnel could prevent us from executing our business strategy; | |
| ● | Interruptions or delays in service from our third-party data center providers could impair our ability to deliver our software to our customers, resulting in customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of customers, limited growth and reduction in revenue; | |
| ● | If our software has outages or fails due to defects or similar problems, and if we fail to correct any defect or other software problems, we could lose customers, become subject to service performance or warranty claims or incur significant costs; | |
| ● | We are dependent on the continued availability of third-party data hosting and transmission services; | |
| ● | If we do not or cannot maintain the compatibility of our software with third-party applications that our customers use in their businesses, our revenue will decline; | |
| ● | We rely on data provided by third parties, the loss of which could limit the functionality of our software and disrupt our business; | |
| ● | Privacy concerns and end users’ acceptance of Internet behavior tracking may limit the applicability, use and adoption of our software; |
31
| ● | If our or our customers’ security measures are compromised or unauthorized access to data of our customers or their customers is otherwise obtained, our software may be perceived as not being secure, our customers may be harmed and may curtail or cease their use of our software, our reputation may be damaged and we may incur significant liabilities; |
| ● | Our business may suffer if it is alleged or determined that our technology infringes the intellectual property rights of others; | |
| ● | If we fail to adequately protect our proprietary rights, in Japan and abroad, our competitive position could be impaired and we may lose valuable assets, experience reduced revenue and incur costly litigation to protect our rights; | |
| ● | Our use of “open-source” software could negatively affect our ability to offer our software and subject us to possible litigation; | |
| ● | We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations, particularly related to privacy, data protection and information security, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business. Compliance with such laws could also impair our efforts to maintain and expand our customer base, and thereby decrease our revenue; | |
| ● | The standards that private entities use to regulate the use of email have in the past interfered with, and may in the future interfere with, the effectiveness of our software and our ability to conduct business; | |
| ● | Existing federal, state and foreign laws regulate Internet tracking software, the senders of commercial emails and text messages, website owners and other activities, and could impact the use of our software and potentially subject us to regulatory enforcement or private litigation; | |
| ● | We are subject to governmental export controls and economic sanctions laws that could impair our ability to compete in international markets and subject us to liability if we are not in full compliance with applicable laws; | |
| ● | Our substantial indebtedness could have important adverse consequences and adversely affect our financial condition; | |
| ● | We may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our significant debt service obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations; | |
| ● | Despite our level of indebtedness, we and our subsidiary may still be able to incur substantially more debt, including off-balance sheet financing, contractual obligations and general and commercial liabilities. This could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above; and | |
| ● | There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with Nasdaq Capital Market’s continued listing standards. | |
| ● | On March 12, 2023, Signature Bank was closed by its state chartering authority, the New York State Department of Financial Services. On the same date the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) was appointed as receiver and transferred all customer deposits and substantially all of the assets of Signature Bank to Signature Bridge Bank, N.A., a full-service bank that is being operated by the FDIC. The Company automatically became a customer of Signature Bridge Bank, N.A. as part of this action. The Company held approximately $4.7 million cash deposits at Signature Bridge Bank, N.A. as of March 12, 2023. Normal banking activities resumed on Monday, March 13, 2023. |
Risks Related to Our Business and Strategy
We are a holding company and depend upon our subsidiary for our cash flows.
We are a holding company. All of our operations are conducted, and almost all of our assets are owned, by our subsidiary. Consequently, our cash flows and our ability to meet our obligations depend upon the cash flows of our subsidiary and the payment of funds by this subsidiary to us in the form of dividends, distributions or otherwise. The ability of our subsidiary to make any payments to us depends on their earnings, the terms of their indebtedness, including the terms of any credit facilities and legal restrictions. Any failure to receive dividends or distributions from our subsidiary when needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
We may require additional funding for our growth plans, and such funding may result in a dilution of your investment.
We attempted to estimate our funding requirements in order to implement our growth plans. If the costs of implementing such plans should exceed these estimates significantly or if we come across opportunities to grow through expansion plans which cannot be predicted at this time, and our funds generated from our operations prove insufficient for such purposes, we may need to raise additional funds to meet these funding requirements.
32
These additional funds may be raised by issuing equity or debt securities or by borrowing from banks or other resources. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain any additional financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If we fail to obtain additional financing on terms that are acceptable to us, we will not be able to implement such plans fully if at all. Such financing even if obtained, may be accompanied by conditions that limit our ability to pay dividends or require us to seek lenders’ consent for payment of dividends, or restrict our freedom to operate our business by requiring lender’s consent for certain corporate actions.
Further, if we raise additional funds by way of a rights offering or through the issuance of new shares, any shareholders who are unable or unwilling to participate in such an additional round of fund raising may suffer dilution in their investment.
As a controlled company during 2024, we were not subject to all of the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq Capital Market, and we continue to take advantage of Nasdaq’s phase-in rules for compliance with the majority independent board requirement.
The “controlled company” exception to Nasdaq Capital Market rules provides that a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company, a “controlled company,” need not comply with certain requirements of Nasdaq Capital Market corporate governance rules. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Sumitaka Yamamoto, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, beneficially owned a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. As a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq Capital Market, during 2024, we were exempt from Nasdaq Capital Market’s corporate governance rules requiring that listed companies have (i) a majority of the board of directors consist of “independent” directors under the listing standards of Nasdaq Capital Market, (ii) a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written nominating/corporate governance committee charter meeting the requirements of Nasdaq Capital Market, and (iii) a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written compensation committee charter meeting the requirements of Nasdaq Capital Market. We no longer qualify as a controlled company and accordingly, on February 14, 2025, we formed a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee; however, we currently utilize and presently intend to continue to utilize the exemption relating to a majority independent board. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq Capital Market. Pursuant to Nasdaq’s phase-in rules, we have a period of one year from the date on which we ceased to be a controlled company to comply with the majority independent board.
The Company’s payment of cash dividends from additional paid-in capital may expose the Company to potential liabilities arising out of state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws and legal distribution requirements.
In the past, the Company has paid cash dividends, and the Company may continue to issue quarterly dividends going forward, contingent upon the Board of Directors’ approval, following review of the Company’s then-current financial results. Although the Company believed that it would be adequately capitalized following payment of each of its cash dividends, the Company’s payment of cash dividends could be challenged under various state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws. Fraudulent conveyances or transfers are generally defined to include transfers made or obligations incurred with the actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud current or future creditors or transfers made or obligations incurred for less than reasonably equivalent value when the debtor was insolvent, or that rendered the debtor insolvent, inadequately capitalized or unable to pay its debts as they become due. Any unpaid creditor could claim that any one or the aggregate of the cash dividends left the Company insolvent or with unreasonably small capital or that the Company intended or believed the Company would incur debts beyond the Company’s ability to pay such debts as they mature. If a court were to agree with such a plaintiff, then such court could void the distributions as a fraudulent transfer or impose substantial liabilities on it, which could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and the Company’s results of operations.
The payment of cash dividends is also subject to review under state corporate distribution statutes. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may only pay dividends to its stockholders either (i) out of its surplus (net assets minus capital) or (ii) if there is no such surplus, out of its net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding fiscal year. Although the Company’s Board of Directors made the distributions out of its surplus, there can be no assurance that a court will not later determine that some or all of the distributions were unlawful.
Our common stock may be delisted under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditor given that they are relying upon support from their China-based offices, and the delisting of our common stock, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit our shares of common stock from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the United States.
33
On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize such rules. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a “non-inspection” year by evaluating the annual report we file, in which we will identify the auditor who provide opinions related to the financial statements presented in our annual report, the location where the auditor’s report has been issued and the PCAOB ID number of such audit firm or branch. If we have three consecutive non-inspection years, the SEC will implement the trading prohibition of our common stock through stop orders, and the exact timeline for when the SEC will delist an issuer after three consecutive non-inspection years remain imprecise. On June 22, 2021, the United States Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “AHFCAA”), which, if enacted, would decrease the number of non-inspection years from three years to two, thus reducing the time period before our common stock may be prohibited from trading or delisted. On December 29, 2022, the AHFCAA was signed into law.
On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced and signed a Statement of Protocol (the “Protocol”) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China (together, the “PRC Authorities”). The Protocol provides the PCAOB with: (1) sole discretion to select the firms, audit engagements and potential violations it inspects and investigates, without any involvement of Chinese authorities; (2) procedures for PCAOB inspectors and investigators to view complete audit work papers with all information included and for the PCAOB to retain information as needed; (3) direct access to interview and take testimony from all personnel associated with the audits the PCAOB inspects or investigates.
On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced in its 2022 HFCA Act Determination Report (the “2022 Report”) its determination that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate audit firms in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and the PCAOB Board voted to vacate previous determinations to the contrary. According to the 2022 Report, this determination was reached after the PCAOB had thoroughly tested compliance with every aspect of the Protocol necessary to determine complete access, including on-site inspections and investigations in a manner fully consistent with the PCAOB’s methodology and approach in the U.S. and globally. According to the 2022 Report, the PRC Authorities had fully assisted and cooperated with the PCAOB in carrying out the inspections and investigations according to the Protocol, and have agreed to continue to assist the PCAOB’s investigations and inspections in the future. The PCAOB may reassess its determinations and issue new determinations consistent with the HFCAA at any time.
Our financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been audited by MaloneBailey, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that is headquartered in the United States with offices in Beijing and Shenzhen, China, and Tokyo, Japan. MaloneBailey, LLP is not among the PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in the PRC or Hong Kong that are subject to PCAOB’s determination on December 16, 2021 of having been unable to inspect or investigate completely. As of the date of this annual report, we have not been identified by the SEC as a commission-identified issuer under the HFCA Act.
We are dependent upon customer renewals, the addition of new customers, increased revenue from existing customers and the continued growth of the market for content management, customer experience management, task and process mining, and robotic process automation.
We derive, and expect to continue to derive, a substantial portion of our revenue from the sale of subscriptions to use our software for digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process animation. The market for digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process animation is still evolving, and competitive dynamics may cause pricing levels to change as the market matures and as existing and new market participants introduce new types of point applications and different approaches to enable businesses to address their respective needs. As a result, we may be forced to reduce the prices we charge for our software and may be unable to renew existing customer agreements or enter into new customer agreements at the same prices and upon the same terms that we have historically. In addition, our growth strategy involves a scalable pricing model intended to provide us with an opportunity to increase the value of our customer relationships over time as we expand their use of our software, sell to other parts of their organizations, cross-sell our sales products to existing marketing product customers and vice versa through touchless or low touch in product purchases, and upsell additional offerings and features. If our cross-selling efforts are unsuccessful or if our existing customers do not expand their use of our software or adopt additional offerings and features, our operating results may suffer.
34
Our subscription renewal rates may decrease, and any decrease could harm our future revenue and operating results.
Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions for our software after the expiration of their subscription periods, substantially all of which are one year or less. In addition, our customers may seek to renew for lower subscription tiers, for fewer contacts or seats, or for shorter contract lengths. Also, customers may choose not to renew their subscriptions for a variety of reasons. Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including limited customer resources, pricing changes, the prices of services offered by our competitors, adoption and utilization of our services and add-on applications by our customers, adoption of our new software, customer satisfaction with our services, mergers and acquisitions affecting our customer base, reductions in our customers’ spending levels or declines in customer activity as a result of economic downturns or uncertainty in financial markets. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our software or decrease the amount they spend with us, our revenue will decline and our business will suffer. In addition, a subscription model creates certain risks related to the timing of revenue recognition and potential reductions in cash flows. A portion of the subscription-based revenue we report each quarter results from the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscription agreements entered into during previous quarters. A decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any period may not be immediately reflected in our reported financial results for that period, but may result in a decline in our revenue in future quarters. If we were to experience significant downturns in subscription sales and renewal rates, our reported financial results might not reflect such downturns until future periods.
If we do not accurately predict subscription renewal rates or otherwise fail to forecast our revenue accurately, or if we fail to match our expenditures with corresponding revenue, our operating results could be adversely affected.
Because our recent growth has resulted in the rapid expansion of our business, we do not have a long history upon which to base forecasts of renewal rates with customers or future operating revenue. As a result, our operating results in future reporting periods may be significantly below the expectations of the public market, equity research analysts or investors, which could harm the price of our common stock.
Because we generally recognize revenue from subscriptions ratably over the term of the agreement, near term changes in sales may not be reflected immediately in our operating results.
We offer our software primarily through a mix of monthly, quarterly and single-year subscription agreements, which are generally paid upfront and some are with ratable revenue recognition over the subscription period. As a result, some of the revenue we report in each quarter is derived from agreements entered into during prior months, quarters or years. In addition, we do not record deferred revenue beyond amounts invoiced as a liability on our balance sheet. A decline in new or renewed subscriptions or marketing solutions agreements in any one quarter is not likely to be reflected immediately in our revenue results for that quarter. Such declines, however, would negatively affect our revenue and deferred revenue balances in future periods, and the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our software, and potential changes in our rate of renewals, may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our total revenue and deferred revenue balance through additional sales in any period, as revenue from new customers must be recognized over the applicable subscription term.
We face significant competition from both established and new companies offering digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation, and other related applications, as well as internally developed software, which may harm our ability to add new customers, retain existing customers and grow our business.
The digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation market is evolving, highly competitive and significantly fragmented. With the introduction of new technologies and the potential entry of new competitors into the market, we expect competition to persist and intensify in the future, which could harm our ability to increase sales, maintain or increase renewals and maintain our prices.
35
We face intense competition from other companies that develop software for digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation and from marketing services companies that provide interactive marketing services. Competition could significantly impede our ability to sell subscriptions to use our software on terms favorable to us. Our current and potential competitors may develop and market new technologies that render our existing or future products less competitive, or obsolete. In addition, if these competitors develop software with similar or superior functionality to our software, we may need to decrease the prices or accept less favorable terms for our software subscriptions in order to remain competitive. If we are unable to maintain our pricing due to competitive pressures, our margins will be reduced and our operating results will be negatively affected.
Our competitors include:
| ● | task and process mining vendors; | |
| ● | email marketing software vendors; | |
| ● | content management system providers; | |
| ● | customer experience management system\ providers; | |
| ● | robotic process automation vendors; | |
| ● | cloud-based marketing automation providers; | |
| ● | large-scale enterprise suites; | |
| ● | customer service software providers; and | |
| ● | Customer experience management systems. |
In addition, instead of using our software, some prospective customers may elect to combine disparate point applications, such as content management, marketing automation, analytics and social media management. We expect that new competitors, such as enterprise software vendors that have traditionally focused on enterprise resource planning or other applications supporting back office functions, will develop and introduce applications serving customer-facing and other front office functions. This development could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, sales force automation and contact relationship management vendors could acquire or develop applications that compete with our marketing software offerings. Some of these companies have acquired social media marketing and other marketing software providers to integrate with their broader offerings.
Our current and potential competitors may have significantly more financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we have, be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products and services, may have more extensive customer bases and broader customer relationships than we have, and may have longer operating histories and greater name recognition than we have. As a result, these competitors may respond faster to new technologies and undertake more extensive marketing campaigns for their products. In a few cases, these vendors may also be able to offer marketing, sales, customer service and content management software at little or no additional cost by bundling it with their existing suite of applications. To the extent any of our competitors has existing relationships with potential customers for either marketing software or other applications, those customers may be unwilling to purchase our software because of their existing relationships with our competitor. If we are unable to compete with such companies, the demand for our software could substantially decline.
In addition, if one or more of our competitors were to merge or partner with another of our competitors, our ability to compete effectively could be adversely affected. Our competitors may also establish or strengthen cooperative relationships with our current or future strategic distribution and technology partners or other parties with whom we have relationships, thereby limiting our ability to promote and implement our software. We may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors, and competitive pressures may harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
36
We expect continued future growth and if we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or address competitive challenges adequately.
Our head count and operations have grown. We plan to open international offices in the future. This growth has placed, and will continue to place, a significant strain on our management, administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. We anticipate further growth will be required to address increases in our product offerings and continued expansion. Our success will depend in part upon our ability to recruit, hire, train, manage and integrate a significant number of qualified managers, technical personnel and employees in specialized roles within our company, including in technology, sales and marketing. Furthermore, preservation of our corporate culture has been made more difficult as our work force has been working from home in connection with restrictions placed upon businesses due to the pandemic. A long-term continuation of these restrictions could, among other things, negatively impact employee morale and productivity. Any failure to preserve our culture could harm our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel, innovate and operate effectively and execute on our business strategy. Furthermore, as our employees work remotely from geographic areas across the globe and more of our employees work remotely on a permanent basis due to the pandemic, we may need to reallocate our investment of resources and closely monitor a variety of local regulations and requirements, including local tax laws, and we may experience unpredictability in our expenses and employee work culture. If we experience any of these effects in connection with future growth, if our new employees perform poorly, or if we are unsuccessful in recruiting, hiring, training, managing and integrating these new employees, or retaining these or our existing employees, it could materially impair our ability to attract new customers, retain existing customers and expand their use of our software, all of which would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, to manage the expected continued growth of our head count, operations and geographic expansion, we will need to continue to improve our information technology infrastructure, operational, financial and management systems and procedures. Our anticipated additional head count and capital investments will increase our costs, which will make it more difficult for us to address any future revenue shortfalls by reducing expenses in the short term. If we fail to successfully manage our growth, we will be unable to successfully execute our business plan, which could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Failure to effectively develop and expand our digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our software.
To increase total customers and achieve broader market acceptance of our software, we will need to expand our digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation operations, including our sales force and third-party channel partners. We will continue to dedicate significant resources to inbound sales and marketing programs. The effectiveness of our inbound sales and marketing and third-party channel partners has varied over time and may vary in the future and depends on our ability to maintain and improve our digital marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation capabilities. All of these efforts will require us to invest significant financial and other resources. Our business will be seriously harmed if our efforts do not generate a correspondingly significant increase in revenue. We may not achieve anticipated revenue growth from expanding our sales force if we are unable to hire, develop and retain talented sales personnel, if our new sales personnel are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time or if our sales and marketing programs are not effective.
The rate of growth of our business depends on the continued participation and level of service of our third-party partners.
We rely on our task and process mining third-party partners to provide certain services to our customers, as well as pursue sales of our software to customers. To the extent we do not attract new partners, or existing or new partners do not refer a growing number of customers to us, our revenue and operating results would be harmed. In addition, if our partners do not continue to provide services to our customers, we would be required to provide such services ourselves either by expanding our internal team or engaging other third-party providers, which would increase our operating costs.
37
We may experience quarterly fluctuations in our operating results due to a number of factors, which makes our future results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or our guidance.
Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and are expected to fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, our past results may not be indicative of our future performance, and comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. In addition to the other risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, factors that may affect our quarterly operating results include the following:
| ● | changes in spending on marketing, task and process mining, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation software by our current or prospective customers; | |
| ● | pricing our software subscriptions effectively so that we are able to attract and retain customers without compromising our profitability; | |
| ● | attracting new customers for our marketing, sales, customer service, and content management software, increasing our existing customers’ use of our software and providing our customers with excellent customer support; | |
| ● | customer renewal rates and the amounts for which agreements are renewed; | |
| ● | global awareness of our thought leadership and brand; | |
| ● | changes in the competitive dynamics of our market, including consolidation among competitors or customers and the introduction of new products or product enhancements; | |
| ● | changes to the commission plans, quotas and other compensation-related metrics for our sales representatives; | |
| ● | the amount and timing of payment for operating expenses, particularly research and development, sales and marketing expenses and employee benefit expenses; | |
| ● | the amount and timing of costs associated with recruiting, training and integrating new employees while maintaining our company culture; | |
| ● | our ability to manage our existing business and future growth, including increases in the number of customers on our software and the introduction and adoption of our software in new markets outside of the United States; | |
| ● | unforeseen costs and expenses related to the expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure, including disruptions in our hosting network infrastructure and privacy and data security; | |
| ● | foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; and | |
| ● | general economic and political conditions in our domestic and international markets. |
We may not be able to accurately forecast the amount and mix of future subscriptions, revenue and expenses and, as a result, our operating results may fall below our estimates or the expectations of public market analysts and investors. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, or below any guidance we may provide, the price of our common stock could decline.
If we fail to maintain our inbound thought leadership position, our business may suffer.
We believe that maintaining our thought leadership position in inbound digital marketing, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation, is an important element in attracting new customers. We devote significant resources to develop and maintain our thought leadership position, with a focus on identifying and interpreting emerging trends in the inbound experience, shaping and guiding industry dialog and creating and sharing the best inbound practices. Our activities related to developing and maintaining our thought leadership may not yield increased revenue, and even if they do, any increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incurred in such effort. We rely upon the continued services of our management and employees with domain expertise with inbound digital marketing, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation, and the loss of any key employees in this area could harm our competitive position and reputation. If we fail to successfully grow and maintain our thought leadership position, we may not attract enough new customers or retain our existing customers, and our business could suffer.
38
If we fail to further enhance our brand and maintain our existing strong brand awareness, our ability to expand our customer base will be impaired and our financial condition may suffer.
We believe that our development of the HeartCore brand is critical to achieving widespread awareness of our existing and future inbound and automation experience solutions, and, as a result, is important to attracting new customers and maintaining existing customers. In the past, our efforts to build our brand have involved significant expenses, and we believe that this investment has resulted in strong brand recognition. Successful promotion and maintenance of our brands will depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and on our ability to provide a reliable and useful software at competitive prices. Brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenue, and even if they do, any increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incurred in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand, our business could suffer.
If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing customer needs or requirements, our software may become less competitive.
Our future success depends on our ability to adapt and innovate our software. To attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers, we need to continue to enhance and improve our offerings to meet customer needs at prices that our customers are willing to pay. Such efforts will require adding new functionality and responding to technological advancements, which will increase our research and development costs. If we are unable to develop new applications that address our customers’ needs, or to enhance and improve our software in a timely manner, we may not be able to maintain or increase market acceptance of our software. Our ability to grow is also subject to the risk of future disruptive technologies.
If we fail to offer high-quality customer support, our business and reputation may suffer.
High-quality education, training and customer support are important for the successful marketing, sale and use of our software and for the renewal of existing customers. Providing this education, training and support requires that our personnel who manage our online training or provide customer support have specific inbound experience domain knowledge and expertise, making it more difficult for us to hire qualified personnel and to scale up our support operations. The importance of high-quality customer support will increase as we expand our business and pursue new customers. If we do not help our customers use multiple applications within our software and provide effective ongoing support, our ability to sell additional functionality and services to, or to retain, existing customers may suffer and our reputation with existing or potential customers may be harmed.
We may not be able to scale our business quickly enough to meet our customers’ growing needs and if we are not able to grow efficiently, our operating results could be harmed.
As usage of our software grows and as customers use our software for additional inbound applications, we will need to devote additional resources to improving our application architecture, integrating with third-party systems and maintaining infrastructure performance. In addition, we will need to appropriately scale our internal business systems and our services organization, including customer support and professional services, to serve our growing customer base, particularly as our customer demographics change over time. Any failure of or delay in these efforts could cause impaired system performance and reduced customer satisfaction. These issues could reduce the attractiveness of our software to customers, resulting in decreased sales to new customers, lower renewal rates by existing customers, the issuance of service credits, or requested refunds, which could impede our revenue growth and harm our reputation. Even if we are able to upgrade our systems and expand our staff, any such expansion will be expensive and complex, requiring management’s time and attention. We could also face inefficiencies or operational failures as a result of our efforts to scale our infrastructure. Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with upgrading, improving and expanding our information technology systems. We cannot be sure that the expansion and improvements to our infrastructure and systems will be fully or effectively implemented on a timely basis, if at all. These efforts may reduce revenue and our margins and adversely affect our financial results.
Our ability to introduce new products and features is dependent on adequate research and development resources. If we do not adequately fund our research and development efforts, we may not be able to compete effectively and our business and operating results may be harmed.
To remain competitive, we must continue to develop new product offerings, applications, features and enhancements to our existing software. Maintaining adequate research and development personnel and resources to meet the demands of the market is essential. If we are unable to develop our software internally due to certain constraints, such as high employee turnover, lack of management ability or a lack of other research and development resources, we may miss market opportunities. Further, many of our competitors expend a considerably greater amount of funds on their research and development programs, and those that do not may be acquired by larger companies that would allocate greater resources to our competitors’ research and development programs. Our failure to maintain adequate research and development resources or to compete effectively with the research and development programs of our competitors could materially adversely affect our business.
39
Changes in the sizes or types of businesses that purchase our software or in the applications within our software purchased or used by our customers could negatively affect our operating results.
Our strategy is to sell subscriptions to our software to mid to enterprise-sized businesses, but we have sold and will continue to sell to organizations ranging from small businesses to enterprises. Our gross margins can vary depending on numerous factors related to the implementation and use of our software, including the sophistication and intensity of our customers’ use of our software and the level of professional services and support required by a customer. Sales to enterprise customers may entail longer sales cycles and more significant selling efforts. Selling to small businesses may involve greater credit risk and uncertainty. If there are changes in the mix of businesses that purchase our software or the mix of the product plans purchased by our customers, our gross margins could decrease and our operating results could be adversely affected.
We may acquire or invest in other companies or technologies in the future, which could divert management’s attention, fail to meet our expectations, result in additional dilution to our stockholders, increase expenses, disrupt our operations or harm our operating results.
We may in the future acquire or invest in, businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our software, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. We may not be able to fully realize the anticipated benefits of these or any future acquisitions. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses related to identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated.
There are inherent risks in integrating and managing acquisitions. If we acquire additional businesses, we may not be able to assimilate or integrate the acquired personnel, operations and technologies successfully or effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition and our management may be distracted from operating our business. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquired business due to a number of factors, including: unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition; incurrence of acquisition-related costs, which would be recognized as a current period expense; inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition or investment costs; the inability to maintain relationships with customers and partners of the acquired business; the difficulty of incorporating acquired technology and rights into our software and of maintaining quality and security standards consistent with our brand; delays in customer purchases due to uncertainty related to any acquisition; the need to integrate or implement additional controls, procedures and policies; challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences; harm to our existing business relationships with business partners and customers as a result of the acquisition; the potential loss of key employees; use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business and diversion of management and employee resources; the inability to recognize acquired deferred revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policies; and use of substantial portions of our available cash or the incurrence of debt to consummate the acquisition. Acquisitions also increase the risk of unforeseen legal liability, including for potential violations of applicable law or industry rules and regulations, arising from prior or ongoing acts or omissions by the acquired businesses which are not discovered by due diligence during the acquisition process. Generally, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our operating results, business and financial condition may suffer. Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to goodwill and other intangible asset, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. If our acquisitions do not ultimately yield expected returns, we may be required to make charges to our operating results based on our impairment assessment process, which could harm our results of operations.
40
Because our long-term growth strategy involves further expansion of our sales to customers outside Japan, our business will be susceptible to risks associated with international operations.
A component of our growth strategy involves the further expansion of our operations and customer base worldwide. We plan to open international offices in the future. These international offices will focus primarily on sales, professional services and support. Our future international operations and future initiatives will involve a variety of risks, including:
| ● | difficulties in maintaining our company culture with a dispersed and distant workforce; | |
| ● | more stringent regulations relating to data security and the unauthorized use of, or access to, commercial and personal information; | |
| ● | the timing of our sales with our international clients and related revenue recognition is difficult to predict because of the length and unpredictability of the sales cycle for these clients; | |
| ● | unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, taxes or trade laws; | |
| ● | differing labor regulations where labor laws are generally more advantageous to employees as compared to Japan, including deemed hourly wage and overtime regulations in these locations; | |
| ● | challenges inherent in efficiently managing an increased number of employees, including remote employees, over large geographic distances, including the need to implement appropriate systems, policies, benefits and compliance programs; | |
| ● | difficulties in managing a business in new markets with diverse cultures, languages, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems and regulatory systems; | |
| ● | currency exchange rate fluctuations and the resulting effect on our revenue and expenses, and the cost and risk of entering into hedging transactions if we chose to do so in the future; | |
| ● | global economic uncertainty caused by global political events; | |
| ● | limitations on our ability to reinvest earnings from operations in one country to fund the capital needs of our operations in other countries; | |
| ● | limited or insufficient intellectual property protection; | |
| ● | political instability or terrorist activities; | |
| ● | likelihood of potential or actual violations of domestic and international anticorruption laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act, or of U.S. and international export control and sanctions regulations, which likelihood may increase with an increase of sales or operations in foreign jurisdictions and operations in certain industries; and | |
| ● | adverse tax burdens and foreign exchange controls that could make it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash. |
Our inexperience in operating our business internationally increases the risk that any potential future expansion efforts that we may undertake will not be successful. If we invest substantial time and resources to establish our international operations and are unable to do so successfully and in a timely manner, our business and operating results will suffer. We continue to implement policies and procedures to facilitate our compliance with U.S. laws and regulations applicable to or arising from our international business. Inadequacies in our past or current compliance practices may increase the risk of inadvertent violations of such laws and regulations, which could lead to financial and other penalties that could damage our reputation and impose costs on us.
Our customers may fail to pay us in accordance with the terms of their agreements, at times necessitating action by us to attempt to compel payment.
If our customers fail to pay us in accordance with the terms of our agreements, we may be adversely affected both from the inability to collect amounts due and the cost of enforcing the terms of our agreements, including litigation and arbitration costs. The risk of these issues increases with the term length of our customer arrangements. Furthermore, some of our customers may seek bankruptcy protection or other similar relief and fail to pay amounts due to us, or pay those amounts more slowly, either of which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.
41
We believe our success depends on continuing to invest in the growth of our worldwide operations by entering new geographic markets. If our investments in these markets are greater than anticipated, or if our customer growth or sales in these markets do not meet our expectations, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
We believe our success depends on expanding our business into new geographic markets and attracting customers in countries other than the United States. We anticipate continuing to expand our operations worldwide and have made, and will continue to make, substantial investments and incur substantial costs as we enter new geographic markets. This includes investments in facilities, information technology investments, sales, marketing and administrative personnel and facilities. Often we must make these investments when it is still unclear whether future sales in the new market will justify the costs of these investments. In addition, these investments may be more expensive than we initially anticipate. If our investments are greater than we initially anticipate or if our customer growth or sales in these markets do not meet our expectations or justify the cost of the initial investments, our results of operations and financial condition may be adverse affected.
Risks Related to Our GO IPO Consulting Services
We provide consulting services and ultimately do not control our client’s abilities to go public in the United States or secure a listing on American stock exchanges.
In providing our consulting services, we do not perform accounting services, and do not act as an investment advisor or broker/dealer. Pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreements with the issuers, the parties agree that we will not provide the following services, among others: negotiation of the sale of the issuers’ securities; participation in discussions between the issuers and potential investors; assisting in structuring any transactions involving the sale of the issuers’ securities; pre-screening of potential investors; due diligence activities; and providing advice relating to valuation of or financial advisability of any investments in the issuers. Additionally, we do not take part in the selection of, or negotiation of terms with, law firms, underwriters or audit firms. Such selection and negotiation is the sole responsibility of the client.
Our GO IPO clients may rely on advice from their third party advisors, including law firms and underwriters. Any of these third party advisors may advise our GO IPO clients on strategies that could delay or even terminate their ability to go public in the United States or secure a listing on an American stock exchange. The ability of our client to go public in the United States or secure a listing on an American stock exchange is subject to our client’s ability to execute their business plan and attract investors. Ultimately, market conditions could also create delays or terminate our client’s plans.
The value of the equity rights we receive from our GO IPO clients could be volatile, lose value, and even become worthless.
We do not control the management or strategies of our GO IPO client companies. The value of our equity rights received from our consulting Services is tied to the market value of the client and will likely be volatile. Among other factors the following occurrences, which is not an exhaustive list, could reduce the value of our equity rights or even cause our equity rights to become worthless:
| ● | If a client company changes management or strategies; | |
| ● | If a client company is engaged in material litigation; | |
| ● | If a client company cannot develop a liquid market for their shares underlying our equity rights; | |
| ● | If a client company cannot satisfy a listing requirement to be listed on an exchange; | |
| ● | If the market value of the equity rights is too low; | |
| ● | If the client company cannot secure market makers; | |
| ● | If the client company cannot meet the rules and requirements mandated by the exchanges and markets; | |
| ● | If the client company suffers a business downturn, through their fault or caused by a material partner or events that affect the market in general; and/or | |
| ● | If the market conditions do not provide an opportunity to capitalize on the equity rights. |
42
Our GO IPO business assists companies in navigating the initial public offering process in the US markets. We do not provide investment, accounting, or legal advice. If state or federal regulatory agency determined our Company provided legal or investment advice in violation of existing law, there could be a material adverse effect on our business operations and stock value.
Our GO IPO services assist companies in improving their internal systems, planning, and readiness to take their company through the IPO process. We also assist with introductions to third party professional advisors such as law firms, investment bankers, and auditors, in order that clients can make their selections, at their sole discretion.
We are not an Investment Company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The 1940 Act has restrictions that could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated. Our GO IPO services providing consulting services and are not in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. An entity will generally be deemed an “investment company” under Section 3(a)(1) of the 1940 Act if: (a) it is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities, or (b) absent an applicable exemption, it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company.
General Risks
Failure to comply with laws and regulations could harm our business.
Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing employment and labor laws, workplace safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, anti-bribery laws, import/export controls, federal securities laws and tax laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than those in the United States. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to investigations, sanctions, mandatory recalls, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties or injunctions.
We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
We face exposure to movements in currency exchange rates, which may cause our revenue and operating results to differ materially from expectations. As we have expanded our international operations, our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations has increased, in particular with respect to the British Pound Sterling and Japanese Yen. As exchange rates vary, revenue, cost of revenue, operating expenses and other operating results, when re-measured, may differ materially from expectations. In addition, our operating results are subject to fluctuation if our mix of U.S. and foreign currency denominated transactions and expenses changes in the future. Furthermore, global political events, including Brexit and similar geopolitical developments, fluctuating commodity prices and trade tariff developments, have caused global economic uncertainty, which could amplify the volatility of currency fluctuations. Such volatility, even when it increases our revenues or decreases our expenses, impacts our ability to predict our future results and earnings accurately. Although we may apply certain strategies to mitigate foreign currency risk, these strategies might not eliminate our exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations and would involve costs and risks of their own, such as ongoing management time and expertise, external costs to implement the strategies and potential accounting implications. Additionally, as we anticipate growing our business further outside of the United States, the effects of movements in currency exchange rates will increase as our transaction volume outside of the United States increases.
Weakened global economic conditions may harm our industry, business and results of operations.
Our overall performance depends in part on worldwide economic conditions. Global financial developments and downturns seemingly unrelated to us or the software industry may harm us. The United States and other key international economies have been affected from time to time by falling demand for a variety of goods and services, restricted credit, poor liquidity, reduced corporate profitability, volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets, bankruptcies, and overall uncertainty with respect to the economy, including with respect to tariff and trade issues. In particular, the economies of countries in Europe have been experiencing weakness associated with high sovereign debt levels, weakness in the banking sector, uncertainty over the future of the Euro zone and volatility in the value of the pound sterling and the Euro, including instability surrounding Brexit. We have operations, as well as current and potential new customers, throughout most of Europe. If economic conditions in Europe and other key markets for our software continue to remain uncertain or deteriorate further, it could adversely affect our customers’ ability or willingness to subscribe to our software, delay prospective customers’ purchasing decisions, reduce the value or duration of their subscriptions or affect renewal rates, all of which could harm our operating results.
43
Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and our failure to raise capital when needed could prevent us from growing.
Our business and operations may consume resources faster than we anticipate. In the future, we may need to raise additional funds to invest in future growth opportunities. Additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to invest in future growth opportunities, which could seriously harm our business and operating results. If we incur debt, the debt holders would have rights senior to common stockholders to make claims on our assets, and the terms of any debt could restrict our operations, including our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. Furthermore, if we issue equity securities, stockholders will experience dilution, and the new equity securities could have rights senior to those of our common stock. Any additional equity or equity-linked financings would be dilutive to our stockholders. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. As a result, our stockholders bear the risk of our future securities offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their interest.
The certificate of incorporation and bylaws provides that state or federal court located within the state of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our shareholders, which could limit its stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees.
Section 21 of our certificate of incorporation and Section 7.4 of our bylaws provides that “[u]nless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state or federal court located in the county in which the principal office of the corporation in the State of Delaware is established, in all cases subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange of 1934, as amended, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any claim for which the federal courts have exclusive or concurrent jurisdiction.” Therefore, the exclusive forum provision in our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws will not relieve us of our duty to comply with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, and shareholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with these laws, rules and regulations.
This exclusive forum provision may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us or our directors, officers or other employees. In addition, shareholders who do bring a claim in the state or federal court in the State of Delaware could face additional litigation costs in pursuing any such claim, particularly if they do not reside in or near Delaware. The state or federal court of the State of Delaware may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a shareholder would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments or results may be more favorable to us than to our shareholders. However, the enforceability of similar exclusive forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation have been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find this type of provision to be inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings. If a court were to find the exclusive forum provision contained in our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we might incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions.
You are bound by the fee-shifting provision contained in our bylaws, which may discourage you to pursue actions against us and could discourage shareholder lawsuits that might otherwise benefit the Company and its shareholders.
Section 7.4 of our bylaws provides that “[i]f any action is brought by any party against another party, relating to or arising out of these Bylaws, or the enforcement hereof, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover from the other party reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the prosecution or defense of such action.”
44
Our bylaws provide that for this section, the term “attorneys’ fees” or “attorneys’ fees and costs” means the fees and expenses of counsel to the Company and any other parties asserting a claim subject to Section 7.4 of the bylaws, which may include printing, photocopying, duplicating and other expenses, air freight charges, and fees billed for law clerks, paralegals and other persons not admitted to the bar but performing services under the supervision of an attorney, and the costs and fees incurred in connection with the enforcement or collection of any judgment obtained in any such proceeding.
We adopted the fee-shifting provision to eliminate or decrease nuisance and frivolous litigation. We intend to apply the fee-shifting provision broadly to all actions except for claims brought under the Exchange Act and Securities Act.
There is no set level of recovery required to be met by a plaintiff to avoid payment under this provision. Instead, whoever is the prevailing party is entitled to recover the reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the prosecution or defense of such action. Any party who brings an action, and the party against whom such action is brought under Section 7.4 of our bylaws, which could include, but is not limited to former and current shareholders, Company directors, officers, affiliates, legal counsel, expert witnesses and other parties, are subject to this provision. Additionally, any party who brings an action, and the party against whom such action is brought under Section 7.4 of our bylaws, which could include, but is not limited to former and current shareholders, Company directors, officers, affiliates, legal counsel, expert witnesses and other parties, would be able to recover fees under this provision.
In the event you initiate or assert a claim against us, in accordance with the dispute resolution provisions contained in our Bylaws, and you do not, in a judgment prevail, you will be obligated to reimburse us for all reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with such claim, including, but not limited to, reasonable attorney’s fees and expenses and costs of appeal, if any. Additionally, this provision in Section 7.4 of our bylaws could discourage shareholder lawsuits that might otherwise benefit the Company and its shareholders.
THE FEE SHIFTING PROVISION CONTAINED IN THE BYLAWS IS NOT INTENDED TO BE DEEMED A WAIVER BY ANY HOLDER OF COMMON STOCK OF THE COMPANY’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE U.S. FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS AND THE RULES AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED THEREUNDER. THE FEE SHIFTING PROVISION CONTAINED IN THE BYLAWS DO NOT APPLY TO CLAIMS BROUGHT UNDER THE EXCHANGE ACT AND SECURITIES ACT.
Risks Related to Employee Matters
If we cannot maintain our company culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, passion and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success and our business may be harmed.
We believe that a critical component to our success has been our company culture, which is based on transparency and personal autonomy. We have invested substantial time and resources in building our team within this company culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our ability to retain and recruit personnel and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. As we grow as and continue to develop the infrastructure of a public company, we may find it difficult to maintain these important aspects of our company culture. If we fail to maintain our company culture, our business may be adversely impacted.
45
We rely on our management team and other key employees, and the loss of one or more key employees could harm our business.
Our success and future growth depend upon the continued services of our management team, including our Chief Executive Officer, Sumitaka Yamamoto, and other key employees in the areas of research and development, marketing, sales, services, content management, and general and administrative functions. From time to time, there may be changes in our management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. We also are dependent on the continued service of our existing software engineers and information technology personnel because of the complexity of our software, technologies and infrastructure. We may terminate any employee’s employment at any time, with or without cause, and any employee may resign at any time, with or without cause (In Japan, termination of employee can only be justified for material cause). The loss of one or more of our key employees could harm our business.
The failure to attract and retain additional qualified personnel could prevent us from executing our business strategy.
To execute our business strategy, we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. In particular, we compete with many other companies for software developers with high levels of experience in designing, developing and managing cloud-based software, as well as for skilled information technology, marketing, sales and operations professionals, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining the professionals we need. Also, inbound sales, marketing, services, and content management domain experts are very important to our success and are difficult to replace. We have from time to time in the past experienced, and we expect to continue to experience in the future, difficulty in hiring and difficulty in retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. In particular, we have experienced a competitive hiring environment in Japan, where we are headquartered and will continue to experience a competitive hiring environment as we recruit for remote talent worldwide. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we do. In addition, in making employment decisions, particularly in the software industry, job candidates often consider the value of the stock options or other equity incentives they are to receive in connection with their employment. If the price of our stock declines, or experiences significant volatility, our ability to attract or retain key employees will be adversely affected. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our growth prospects could be severely harmed.
Risks Related to Our Technical Operations Infrastructure and Dependence on Third Parties
Interruptions or delays in service from our third-party data center providers could impair our ability to deliver our software to our customers, resulting in customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of customers, limited growth and reduction in revenue.
We currently serve some parts of our software functions from third-party data center hosting facilities operated by Amazon and IBM. In addition, we serve ancillary functions for our customers from third-party data center hosting facilities operated by Amazon, with a backup facility in Amazon. Our operations depend, in part, on our third-party facility providers’ abilities to protect these facilities against damage or interruption from natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes, actual or threatened public health emergency (e.g., COVID-19), power or telecommunications failures, criminal acts and similar events. In the event that any of our third-party facilities arrangements is terminated, or if there is a lapse of service or damage to a facility, we could experience interruptions in our software as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging new facilities and services.
Any damage to, or failure of, the systems of our third-party providers could result in interruptions to our software. Despite precautions taken at our data centers, the occurrence of spikes in usage volume, a natural disaster, such as earthquakes or hurricane, an act of terrorism, vandalism or sabotage, a decision to close a facility without adequate notice, or other unanticipated problems at a facility could result in lengthy interruptions in the availability of our on-demand software. Even with current and planned disaster recovery arrangements, our business could be harmed. Also, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. These factors in turn could further reduce our revenue, subject us to liability and cause us to issue credits or cause customers to fail to renew their subscriptions, any of which could materially adversely affect our business.
If our software has outages or fails due to defects or similar problems, and if we fail to correct any defect or other software problems, we could lose customers, become subject to service performance or warranty claims or incur significant costs.
Our software and its underlying infrastructure are inherently complex and may contain material defects or errors. We release modifications, updates, bug fixes and other changes to our software several times per day, without traditional human-performed quality control reviews for each release. We have from time to time found defects in our software and may discover additional defects in the future. We may not be able to detect and correct defects or errors before customers begin to use our software or its applications. Consequently, we or our customers may discover defects or errors after our software has been implemented.
46
In the past, we have experienced software outages caused by power supply failures. Although no data was lost due to the outages, our customers experienced disruptions in using our software as our website stopped operating as well as our marketing campaigns, e-mail newsletters and other functions were shut down. Notwithstanding, the outages were short in duration and we are not aware of any negative customer reviews and negative press as a result of the outages. We believe there was no significant damage to our customer relationships, reputation and brand due to these outages. We believe the outage did not compromise our ability to meet customer expectations, manage our software, or meet our operating efficiency and profitability goals.
Defects or errors could result in product outages and could also cause inaccuracies in the data we collect and process for our customers, or even the loss, damage or inadvertent release of such confidential data. We implement bug fixes and upgrades as part of our regular system maintenance, which may lead to system downtime. Even if we are able to implement the bug fixes and upgrades in a timely manner, any history of product outages, defects or inaccuracies in the data we collect for our customers, or the loss, damage or inadvertent release of confidential data could cause our reputation to be harmed, and customers may elect not to purchase or renew their agreements with us. Furthermore, these issues could subject us to service performance credits (whether offered by us or required by contract), warranty claims or increased insurance costs. The costs associated with product outages, any material defects or errors in our software or other performance problems may be substantial and could materially adversely affect our operating results.
In addition, third-party apps and features on our software may not meet the same quality standards that we apply to our own development efforts and, to the extent they contain bugs, vulnerabilities or defects, they may create disruptions in our customers’ use of our products, lead to data loss, unauthorized access to customer data, damage our brand and reputation and affect the continued use of our products, any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are dependent on the continued availability of third-party data hosting and transmission services.
A significant portion of our operating cost is from our third-party data hosting and transmission services. If the costs for such services increase due to vendor consolidation, regulation, contract renegotiation, or otherwise, we may not be able to increase the fees for our software or services to cover the changes. As a result, our operating results may be significantly worse than forecasted.
If we do not or cannot maintain the compatibility of our software with third-party applications that our customers use in their businesses, our revenue will decline.
A significant percentage of our customers choose to integrate our software with certain capabilities provided by third-party application providers using APIs published by these providers. The functionality and popularity of our software depends, in part, on our ability to integrate our software with third-party applications and software, including content management systems, customer experience management systems, e-commerce, call center, analytics and social media sites that our customers use and from which they obtain data. Third-party providers of applications and APIs may change the features of their applications and software, restrict our access to their applications and software, or alter the terms governing use of their applications and APIs and access to those applications and software in an adverse manner. Such changes could functionally limit or terminate our ability to use these third-party applications and software in conjunction with our software, which could negatively impact our offerings and harm our business. If we fail to integrate our software with new third-party applications and software that our customers use for marketing, content management, customer experience management, or robotic process automation purposes, or fail to renew existing relationships pursuant to which we currently provide such integration, we may not be able to offer the functionality that our customers need, which would negatively impact our ability to generate new revenue or maintain existing revenue and adversely impact our business.
47
We rely on data provided by third parties, the loss of which could limit the functionality of our software and disrupt our business.
Select functionality of our software depends on our ability to deliver data, including search engine results and social media updates, provided by unaffiliated third parties, such as Facebook, Google, LinkedIn and Twitter. Some of this data is provided to us pursuant to third-party data sharing policies and terms of use, under data sharing agreements by third-party providers or by customer consent. In the future, any of these third parties could change its data sharing policies, including making them more restrictive, or alter its algorithms that determine the placement, display, and accessibility of search results and social media updates, any of which could result in the loss of, or significant impairment to, our ability to collect and provide useful data to our customers. These third parties could also interpret our, or our service providers’, data collection policies or practices as being inconsistent with their policies, which could result in the loss of our ability to collect this data for our customers. Any such changes could impair our ability to deliver data to our customers and could adversely impact select functionality of our software, impairing the return on investment that our customers derive from using our solution, as well as adversely affecting our business and our ability to generate revenue. We also rely on the availability and accuracy of this data, and any changes in the availability or accuracy of such data could adversely impact our business and results of operations and harm our reputation and brand.
Privacy concerns and end users’ acceptance of Internet behavior tracking may limit the applicability, use and adoption of our software.
Privacy concerns may cause end users to resist providing the personal data necessary to allow our customers to use our software effectively. We have implemented various features intended to enable our customers to better protect end user privacy, but these measures may not alleviate all potential privacy concerns and threats. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may inhibit market adoption of our software, especially in certain industries that rely on sensitive personal information. Privacy advocacy groups and the technology and other industries are considering various new, additional or different self-regulatory standards that may place additional burdens on us. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by these groups’ policies and actions may limit the use and adoption of our software and reduce overall demand for it, or lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities for any noncompliance or loss of any such action.
If our or our customers’ security measures are compromised or unauthorized access to data of our customers or their customers is otherwise obtained, our software may be perceived as not being secure, our customers may be harmed and may curtail or cease their use of our software, our reputation may be damaged and we may incur significant liabilities.
Our operations involve the storage and transmission of data of our customers and their customers, including personally identifiable information. Our storage is typically the sole source of record for portions of our customers’ businesses and end user data, such as initial contact information and online interactions. Security incidents could result in unauthorized access to, loss of or unauthorized disclosure of this information, litigation, indemnity obligations and other possible liabilities, as well as negative publicity, which could damage our reputation, impair our sales and harm our customers and our business. Cyber-attacks and other malicious Internet-based activity continue to increase generally, and cloud-based software providers of marketing services have been targeted. If our security measures are compromised as a result of third-party action, employee or customer error, malfeasance, stolen or fraudulently obtained log-in credentials or otherwise, our reputation could be damaged, our business may be harmed and we could incur significant liability. If third parties with whom we work, such as vendors or developers, violate applicable laws, our security policies or our acceptable use policy, such violations may also put our customers’ information at risk and could in turn have an adverse effect on our business. In addition, if the security measures of our customers are compromised, even without any actual compromise of our own systems, we may face negative publicity or reputational harm if our customers or anyone else incorrectly attributes the blame for such security breaches to us or our systems. We may be unable to anticipate or prevent techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems because they change frequently and generally are not detected until after an incident has occurred. As we increase our customer base and our brand becomes more widely known and recognized, we may become more of a target for third parties seeking to compromise our security systems or gain unauthorized access to our customers’ data. Additionally, we provide extensive access to our database, which stores our customer data, to our development team to facilitate our rapid pace of product development. If such access or our own operations cause the loss, damage or destruction of our customers’ business data, their sales, lead generation, support and other business operations may be permanently harmed. As a result, our customers may bring claims against us for lost profits and other damages.
48
Our internal computer systems and those of our current and any future strategic collaborators, vendors, and other contractors or consultants are vulnerable to damage from cyber-attacks, computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, cybersecurity threats, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. Cyber incidents have been increasing in sophistication and frequency and can include third parties gaining access to employee or customer data using stolen or inferred credentials, computer malware, viruses, spamming, phishing attacks, ransomware, card skimming code, and other deliberate attacks and attempts to gain unauthorized access. Because the techniques used by computer programmers who may attempt to penetrate and sabotage our network security or our website change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques. Additionally, during the ongoing pandemic, and potentially beyond as remote work and resource access expand, there is an increased risk that we may experience cybersecurity-related events such as phishing attacks, exploitation of any cybersecurity flaws that may exist, an increase in the number cybersecurity threats or attacks, and other security challenges as a result of most of our employees and our service providers continuing to work remotely from non-corporate managed networks.
If we were to experience a cyberattack and suffer interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our development programs and our business operations, whether due to a loss of our trade secrets or other proprietary information or other disruptions. These cyber-attacks could be carried out by threat actors of all types (including but not limited to nation states, organized crime, other criminal enterprises, individual actors and/or advanced persistent threat groups). In addition, we may experience intrusions on our physical premises by any of these threat actors. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of, or damage to, our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and our competitive position could be harmed. Any breach, loss, or compromise of personal data may also subject us to civil fines and penalties, or claims for damages either under foreign laws, and other relevant state and federal privacy laws.
Many governments have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security incidents or unauthorized transfers involving certain types of personal data. In addition, some of our customers contractually require notification of any data security compromise. Security compromises experienced by our competitors, by our customers or by us may lead to public disclosures, which may lead to widespread negative publicity. Any security compromise in our industry, whether actual or perceived, could harm our reputation, erode customer confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, negatively impact our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to elect not to renew their subscriptions or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
There can be no assurance that any limitations of liability provisions in our contracts for a security breach would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. We also cannot be sure that our existing general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors or omissions will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
Our business may suffer if it is alleged or determined that our technology infringes the intellectual property rights of others.
The software industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual and proprietary rights. Companies in the software industry, including those in marketing software, are often required to defend against litigation claims based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. Many of our competitors and other industry participants have been issued patents and/or have filed patent applications and may assert patent or other intellectual property rights within the industry. Moreover, in recent years, individuals and groups that are non-practicing entities, commonly referred to as “patent trolls,” have purchased patents and other intellectual property assets for the purpose of making claims of infringement in order to extract settlements. From time to time, we may receive threatening letters or notices or may be the subject of claims that our services and/or software and underlying technology infringe or violate the intellectual property rights of others. Responding to such claims, regardless of their merit, can be time consuming, costly to defend in litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, damage our reputation and brand and cause us to incur significant expenses. Our technologies may not be able to withstand any third-party claims or rights against their use. Claims of intellectual property infringement might require us to redesign our application, delay releases, enter into costly settlement or license agreements or pay costly damage awards, or face a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting us from marketing or selling our software. If we cannot or do not license the infringed technology on reasonable terms or at all, or substitute similar technology from another source, our revenue and operating results could be adversely impacted. Additionally, our customers may not purchase our software if they are concerned that they may infringe third-party intellectual property rights. The occurrence of any of these events may have a material adverse effect on our business.
49
In our subscription agreements with our customers, we generally do not agree to indemnify our customers against any losses or costs incurred in connection with claims by a third party alleging that a customer’s use of our services or software infringes the intellectual property rights of the third party. There can be no assurance, however, that customers will not assert a common law indemnity claim or that any existing limitations of liability provisions in our contracts would be enforceable or adequate, or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. Our customers who are accused of intellectual property infringement may in the future seek indemnification from us under common law or other legal theories. If such claims are successful, or if we are required to indemnify or defend our customers from these or other claims, these matters could be disruptive to our business and management and have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
If we fail to adequately protect our proprietary rights, in Japan and abroad, our competitive position could be impaired and we may lose valuable assets, experience reduced revenue and incur costly litigation to protect our rights.
Our success is dependent, in part, upon protecting our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our products and services. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Any of our trademarks or other intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation. Furthermore, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our technology and use information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours. Some license provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer and disclosure of our offerings may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions and foreign countries. In addition, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of Japan or the United States. To the extent we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying and use of our technology and proprietary information may increase.
We enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants and enter into confidentiality agreements with the parties with whom we have strategic relationships and business alliances. No assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to and distribution of our products and proprietary information. Further, these agreements may not prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our software and offerings.
We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights and to protect our trade secrets. Such litigation could be costly, time consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our inability to protect our proprietary technology against unauthorized copying or use, as well as any costly litigation, could delay further sales or the implementation of our software and offerings, impair the functionality of our software and offerings, delay introductions of new features or enhancements, result in our substituting inferior or more costly technologies into our software and offerings, or injure our reputation.
50
Our use of “open-source” software could negatively affect our ability to offer our software and subject us to possible litigation.
A substantial portion of our cloud-based software incorporates so-called “open source” software, and we may incorporate additional open-source software in the future. Open-source software is generally freely accessible, usable and modifiable. Certain open-source licenses may, in certain circumstances, require us to offer the components of our software that incorporate the open-source software for no cost, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open-source software and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license. If an author or other third party that distributes open source software we use were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages, including being enjoined from the offering of the components of our software that contained the open source software and being required to comply with the foregoing conditions, which could disrupt our ability to offer the affected software. We could also be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open-source software. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition and require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our products.
Risks Related to Government Regulation
We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations, particularly related to privacy, data protection and information security, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business. Compliance with such laws could also impair our efforts to maintain and expand our customer base, and thereby decrease our revenue.
Our handling of data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies, including the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Personal Information Protection Commission Japan (the “PPCJ”), the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), and various state, local and foreign agencies. We collect personally identifiable information and other data from our customers and leads. We also handle personally identifiable information about our customers’ customers. We use this information to provide services to our customers, to support, expand and improve our business. We may also share customers’ personally identifiable information with third parties as authorized by the customer or as described in our privacy policy.
The Japanese and U.S. federal and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use and storage of personal information of individuals. In the United States, the FTC and many state attorneys general are applying federal and state consumer protection laws, and in Japan, the PPCJ are issuing orders and guidelines based on the Personal Information Protection Act, as imposing standards for the online collection, use and dissemination of data. However, these obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other requirements or our practices. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with privacy or security laws, policies, legal obligations or industry standards or any security incident that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties and/or adverse publicity, and could cause our customers to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.
Laws and regulations concerning privacy, data protection and information security are evolving, and changes to such laws and regulations could require us to change features of our software or restrict our customers’ ability to collect and use email addresses, page viewing data and personal information, which may reduce demand for our software. Our failure to comply with national, federal, state and international data privacy laws and regulations could harm our ability to successfully operate our business and pursue our business goals. For example, California recently enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”) that, among other things, require covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers new abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA recently was amended and it is not yet fully clear how the CCPA will be enforced and how certain of its requirements will be interpreted. We cannot yet predict the impact of the CCPA on our business or operations, but it may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply.
51
Additionally, a new California ballot initiative, the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) was passed in November 2020 and became effective starting on January 1, 2023, the CPRA imposes additional obligations on companies covered by the legislation and will significantly modify the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information. The CPRA also creates a new state agency that will be vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA and the CPRA. The effects of the CCPA and the CPRA are potentially significant and may require us to modify our data collection or processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply and increase our potential exposure to regulatory enforcement and/or litigation.
Certain other state laws impose similar privacy obligations and we also expect anticipate that more states to may enact legislation similar to the CCPA, which provides consumers with new privacy rights and increases the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information of such consumers. The CCPA has prompted a number of proposals for new federal and state-level privacy legislation. Such proposed legislation, if enacted, may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment of resources in compliance programs, impact strategies and the availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies.
In addition, on March 2, 2021, Virginia enacted the Consumer Data Protection Act (the “CDPA”), which become effective on January 1, 2023. The CDPA regulates how businesses (which the CDPA refers to as “controllers”) collect and share personal information. While the CDPA incorporates many similar concepts of the CCPA and CPRA, there are also several key differences in the scope, application, and enforcement of the law that will change the operational practices of controllers. The new law impacts how controllers collect and process personal sensitive data, conduct data protection assessments, transfer personal data to affiliates, and respond to consumer rights requests.
In addition, several foreign jurisdictions, including the European Union and Canada, have regulations dealing with the collection and use of personal information obtained from their residents, which are often more restrictive than those in the U.S. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, disclosure and security of personal information that identifies or may be used to identify an individual. In relevant part, these laws and regulations may affect our ability to engage in lead generation activities by imposing heightened requirements, such as affirmative opt-ins or consent prior to sending commercial correspondence or engaging in electronic tracking activities. For example, a recent ruling of the European Court of Justice in Case C-673/17 provides that a pre-checked opt-in is insufficient to constitute a valid active consumer consent to cookie storage. In order to obtain “the adequate protection” status under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), the Japanese laws and regulations in this area were amended as much as practically possible by January 23, 2019 and thus the collection, use and transfer of personal data is similarly restricted.
Within the European Union, legislators have adopted the GDPR and which became effective in May 2018 which may impose additional obligations and risk upon our business and which may increase substantially the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance. In addition, further to the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union on January 31, 2020, the GDPR ceased to apply in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period on December 31, 2020. However, as of January 1, 2021, the United Kingdom’s European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 incorporated the GDPR (as it existed on December 31, 2020 but subject to certain United Kingdom specific amendments) into United Kingdom law (the “UK GDPR”). The UK GDPR and the UK Data Protection Act 2018 set out the United Kingdom’s data protection regime, which is independent from but aligned to the European Union’s data protection regime. Non-compliance with the UK GDPR may result in monetary penalties of up to £17.5 million or 4% of worldwide revenue, whichever is higher. The United Kingdom, however, is now regarded as a third country under the European Union’s GDPR which means that transfers of personal data from the European Economic Area to the United Kingdom will be restricted unless an appropriate safeguard, as recognized by the European Union’s GDPR, has been put in place. However, under the EU-UK Trade Cooperation Agreement it is lawful to transfer personal data between the United Kingdom and the European Economic Area for a 6 month period following the end of the transition period, with a view to achieving an adequacy decision from the European Commission during that period. Like the GDPR, the UK GDPR restricts personal data transfers outside the United Kingdom to countries not regarded by the United Kingdom as providing adequate protection (this means that personal data transfers from the United Kingdom to the European Economic Area remain free flowing).
52
On July 12, 2016, the European Commission adopted the EU-US Privacy Shield, a framework for the transfer of personal data from the European Union to the United States, as a successor to the Safe Harbor framework that was invalidated by the European Court of Justice in October 2015. On July 16, 2020, the European Court of Justice invalidated the EU–US Privacy Shield ruling that it failed to offer adequate protections for European Union personal data transferred to the United States. The European Court of Justice, in the same decision, deemed that the Standard Contractual Clauses (“SCCs”), approved by the European Commission for transfers of personal data between European Union controllers and non-European Union processors are valid, however the European Court of Justice deemed that transfers made pursuant to the SCCs need to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis to ensure the European Union’s standards of data protection are met. Our customer agreements include SCCs. However, as a result of this decision, companies may be required to adopt additional measures to accomplish transfers of personal data to the United States and other third countries in compliance with the GDPR, and there continue to be concerns about whether the SCCs will face additional challenges. Until the remaining legal uncertainties regarding how to legally continue these transfers are settled, we will continue to face uncertainty as to whether our customers will be permitted to transfer personal data to the United States for processing by us as part of our software services. If such data transfer to the United States is not permitted, it could have a negative effect on our existing business and on our ability to attract and retain new customers. Our customers may view alternative data transfer mechanisms as being too costly, too burdensome, too legally uncertain or otherwise objectionable and therefore decide not to do business with us. For example, some of our customers or potential customers who do business in the European Union may require their vendors to host all personal data within the European Union and may decide to do business with one of our competitors who hosts personal data within the European Union instead of doing business with us.
The regulatory framework governing the collection, processing, storage, use and sharing of certain information, particularly financial and other personal information, is rapidly evolving and is likely to continue to be subject to uncertainty and varying interpretations. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing data management practices or the features of our services and software capabilities. Any failure or perceived failure by us, or any third parties with which we do business, to comply with our posted privacy policies, changing consumer expectations, evolving laws, rules and regulations, industry standards, or contractual obligations to which we or such third parties are or may become subject, may result in actions or other claims against us by governmental entities or private actors, the expenditure of substantial costs, time and other resources or the incurrence of significant fines, penalties or other liabilities. In addition, any such action, particularly to the extent we were found to be guilty of violations or otherwise liable for damages, would damage our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We publicly post documentation regarding our practices concerning the collection, processing, use and disclosure of data. Although we endeavor to comply with our published policies and documentation, we may at times fail to do so or be alleged to have failed to do so. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies or any applicable privacy, security or data protection, information security or consumer-protection related laws, regulations, orders or industry standards could expose us to costly litigation, significant awards, fines or judgments, civil and/or criminal penalties or negative publicity, and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The publication of our privacy policy and other documentation that provide promises and assurances about privacy and security can subject us to potential state and federal action if they are found to be deceptive, unfair, or misrepresentative of our actual practices, which could, individually or in the aggregate, materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our privacy or data security measures fail to comply with current or future laws and regulations, we may be subject to claims, legal proceedings or other actions by individuals or governmental authorities based on privacy or data protection regulations and our commitments to customers or others, as well as negative publicity and a potential loss of business. Moreover, if future laws and regulations limit our subscribers’ ability to use and share personal information or our ability to store, process and share personal information, demand for our solutions could decrease, our costs could increase, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
53
We could face liability, or our reputation might be harmed, as a result of the activities of our customers, the content of their websites or the data they store on our servers.
As a provider of a cloud-based inbound marketing, content management, customer experience management, and robotic process automation software, we may be subject to potential liability for the activities of our customers on or in connection with the data they store on our servers. Although our customer terms of use prohibit illegal use of our services by our customers and permit us to take down websites or take other appropriate actions for illegal use, customers may nonetheless engage in prohibited activities or upload or store content with us in violation of applicable law or the customer’s own policies, which could subject us to liability or harm our reputation. Furthermore, customers may upload, store, or use content on our software that may violate our policy on acceptable use which prohibits content that is threatening, abusive, harassing, deceptive, false, misleading, vulgar, obscene, or indecent. While such content may not be illegal, use of our software for such content could harm our reputation resulting in a loss of business.
Several U.S. federal statutes may apply to us with respect to various customer activities:
| ● | The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 (“DMCA”) provides recourse for owners of copyrighted material who believe that their rights under U.S. copyright law have been infringed on the Internet. Under the DMCA, based on our current business activity as an Internet service provider that does not own or control website content posted by our customers, we generally are not liable for infringing content posted by our customers or other third parties, provided that we follow the procedures for handling copyright infringement claims set forth in the DMCA. Generally, if we receive a proper notice from, or on behalf, of a copyright owner alleging infringement of copyrighted material located on websites we host, and we fail to expeditiously remove or disable access to the allegedly infringing material or otherwise fail to meet the requirements of the safe harbor provided by the DMCA, the copyright owner may seek to impose liability on us. Technical mistakes in complying with the detailed DMCA take-down procedures could subject us to liability for copyright infringement. | |
| ● | The Communications Decency Act of 1996 (the “CDA”) generally protects online service providers, such as us, from liability for certain activities of their customers, such as the posting of defamatory or obscene content, unless the online service provider is participating in the unlawful conduct. Under the CDA, we are generally not responsible for the customer-created content hosted on our servers. Consequently, we do not monitor hosted websites or prescreen the content placed by our customers on their sites. However, the CDA does not apply in foreign jurisdictions and we may nonetheless be brought into disputes between our customers and third parties which would require us to devote management time and resources to resolve such matters and any publicity from such matters could also have an adverse effect on our reputation and therefore our business. | |
| ● | In addition to the CDA, the Securing the Protection of our Enduring and Established Constitutional Heritage Act (the “SPEECH Act”) provides a statutory exception to the enforcement by a U.S. court of a foreign judgment for defamation under certain circumstances. Generally, the exception applies if the defamation law applied in the foreign court did not provide at least as much protection for freedom of speech and press as would be provided by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution or by the constitution and law of the state in which the U.S. court is located, or if no finding of defamation would be supported under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution or under the constitution and law of the state in which the U.S. court is located. Although the SPEECH Act may protect us from the enforcement of foreign judgments in the United States, it does not affect the enforceability of the judgment in the foreign country that issued the judgment. Given our international presence, we may therefore, nonetheless, have to defend against or comply with any foreign judgments made against us, which could take up substantial management time and resources and damage our reputation. | |
| ● | In Japan, the statute which provides similar protection is the Provide Liability Limitation Act (the law No, 137 of 2001, as amended). This law provides for the limitation of liability on Internet service providers and the rights of persons whose copyrights or privacy have been infringed or who were subject to defamation on the Internet, to request disclosure of relevant information on the sender of such infringing materials. Under this law, based on our current business activity as an Internet service provider that does not own or control website content posted by our customers, we generally are not liable for infringing content posted by our customers or other third parties, provided that we meet the requirements under this law. |
Although these statutes and case law in the United States have generally shielded us from liability for customer activities to date, court rulings in pending or future litigation may narrow the scope of protection afforded us under these laws. In addition, laws governing these activities are unsettled in many international jurisdictions, or may prove difficult or impossible for us to comply with in some international jurisdictions. Also, notwithstanding the exculpatory language of these bodies of law, we may become involved in complaints and lawsuits which, even if ultimately resolved in our favor, add cost to our doing business and may divert management’s time and attention. Finally, other existing bodies of law, including the criminal laws of various states, may be deemed to apply or new statutes or regulations may be adopted in the future, any of which could expose us to further liability and increase our costs of doing business.
54
The standards that private entities use to regulate the use of email have in the past interfered with, and may in the future interfere with, the effectiveness of our software and our ability to conduct business.
Our customers rely on email to communicate with their existing or prospective customers. Various private entities attempt to regulate the use of email for commercial solicitation. These entities often advocate standards of conduct or practice that significantly exceed current legal requirements and classify certain email solicitations that comply with current legal requirements as spam. Some of these entities maintain “blacklists” of companies and individuals, and the websites, internet service providers and internet protocol addresses associated with those entities or individuals that do not adhere to those standards of conduct or practices for commercial email solicitations that the blacklisting entity believes are appropriate. If a company’s internet protocol addresses are listed by a blacklisting entity, emails sent from those addresses may be blocked if they are sent to any internet domain or internet address that subscribes to the blacklisting entity’s service or purchases its blacklist.
From time to time, some of our internet protocol addresses may become listed with one or more blacklisting entities due to the messaging practices of our customers. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to successfully remove ourselves from those lists. Blacklisting of this type could interfere with our ability to market our software and services and communicate with our customers and, because we fulfill email delivery on behalf of our customers, could undermine the effectiveness of our customers’ email marketing campaigns, all of which could have a material negative impact on our business and results of operations.
Existing federal, state and foreign laws regulate Internet tracking software, the senders of commercial emails and text messages, website owners and other activities, and could impact the use of our software and potentially subject us to regulatory enforcement or private litigation.
Certain aspects of how our customers utilize our software are subject to regulations in the United States, European Union and elsewhere. In recent years, U.S. and European lawmakers and regulators have expressed concern over the use of third-party cookies or web beacons for online behavioral advertising, and legislation adopted recently in the European Union requires informed consent for the placement of a cookie on a user’s device. Regulation of cookies and web beacons may lead to restrictions on our activities, such as efforts to understand users’ Internet usage. New and expanding “Do Not Track” regulations have recently been enacted or proposed that protect users’ right to choose whether or not to be tracked online. These regulations seek, among other things, to allow end users to have greater control over the use of private information collected online, to forbid the collection or use of online information, to demand a business to comply with their choice to opt out of such collection or use, and to place limits upon the disclosure of information to third party websites. These policies could have a significant impact on the operation of our software and could impair our attractiveness to customers, which would harm our business.
Many of our customers and potential customers in the healthcare, financial services and other industries are subject to substantial regulation regarding their collection, use and protection of data and may be the subject of further regulation in the future. Accordingly, these laws or significant new laws or regulations or changes in, or repeals of, existing laws, regulations or governmental policy may change the way these customers do business and may require us to implement additional features or offer additional contractual terms to satisfy customer and regulatory requirements, or could cause the demand for and sales of our software to decrease and adversely impact our financial results.
In addition, the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (the “CAN-SPAM Act”) establishes certain requirements for commercial email messages and specifies penalties for the transmission of commercial email messages that are intended to deceive the recipient as to source or content. The CAN-SPAM Act, among other things, obligates the sender of commercial emails to provide recipients with the ability to opt out of receiving future commercial emails from the sender. The ability of our customers’ message recipients to opt out of receiving commercial emails may minimize the effectiveness of the email components of our software. In addition, certain states and foreign jurisdictions, such as Australia, Canada and the European Union, have enacted laws that regulate sending email, and some of these laws are more restrictive than U.S. laws. For example, some foreign laws prohibit sending unsolicited email unless the recipient has provided the sender advance consent to receipt of such email, or in other words has “opted-in” to receiving it. A requirement that recipients opt into, or the ability of recipients to opt out of, receiving commercial emails may minimize the effectiveness of our software.
55
While these laws and regulations generally govern our customers’ use of our software, we may be subject to certain laws as a data processor on behalf of, or as a business associate of, our customers. For example, laws and regulations governing the collection, use and disclosure of personal information include, in the United States, rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 and state breach notification laws, and internationally, the Data Protection Directive in the European Union and the Federal Data Protection Act in Germany. If we were found to be in violation of any of these laws or regulations as a result of government enforcement or private litigation, we could be subjected to civil and criminal sanctions, including both monetary fines and injunctive action that could force us to change our business practices, all of which could adversely affect our financial performance and significantly harm our reputation and our business.
We are subject to governmental export controls and economic sanctions laws that could impair our ability to compete in international markets and subject us to liability if we are not in full compliance with applicable laws.
Our business activities are subject to various restrictions under U.S. export controls and trade and economic sanctions laws, including the U.S. Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and economic and trade sanctions regulations maintained by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to civil or criminal penalties and reputational harm. Obtaining the necessary authorizations, including any required license, for a particular transaction may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed, and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions laws prohibit certain transactions with U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons and entities. Although we take precautions to prevent transactions with U.S. sanction targets, the possibility exists that we could inadvertently provide our solutions to persons prohibited by U.S. sanctions. This could result in negative consequences to us, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm.
Risks Related to Taxation
We may be subject to additional obligations to collect and remit sales tax and other taxes, and we may be subject to tax liability for past sales, which could harm our business.
State, local, and non-U.S. jurisdictions have differing rules and regulations governing sales, use, value added, Digital Services Tax, and other taxes, and these rules and regulations are subject to varying interpretations that may change over time. In particular, the applicability of such taxes to our software in various jurisdictions is unclear. Further, these jurisdictions’ rules regarding tax nexus are complex and vary significantly. As a result, we could face the possibility of tax assessments and audits, and our liability for these taxes and associated penalties could exceed our original estimates. A successful assertion that we should be collecting additional sales, use, value added or other taxes in those jurisdictions where we have not historically done so and do not accrue for such taxes could result in substantial tax liabilities and related penalties for past sales, discourage customers from purchasing our application or otherwise harm our business and operating results.
Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us or our customers could increase the costs of our software and adversely impact our business.
New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time. Any new taxes could adversely affect our domestic and international business operations, and our business and financial performance. Further, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us. These events could require us or our customers to pay additional tax amounts on a prospective or retroactive basis, as well as require us or our customers to pay fines and/or penalties and interest for past amounts deemed to be due. If we raise our prices to offset the costs of these changes, existing and potential future customers may elect not to continue or purchase our software in the future. Additionally, new, changed, modified or newly interpreted or applied tax laws could increase our customers’ and our compliance, operating and other costs, as well as the costs of our software. Any or all of these events could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Furthermore, as our employees continue to work remotely from geographic locations across the United States and internationally due to the pandemic and other reasons, we may become subject to additional taxes and our compliance burdens with respect to the tax laws of additional jurisdictions may be increased.
56
We are a multinational organization faced with increasingly complex tax issues in many jurisdictions, and we could be obligated to pay additional taxes in various jurisdictions.
As a multinational organization, we may be subject to taxation in several jurisdictions around the world with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which can be uncertain. The amount of taxes we pay in these jurisdictions could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax principles, including increased tax rates, new tax laws or revised interpretations of existing tax laws and precedents, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operating results. In addition, the authorities in these jurisdictions could review our tax returns and impose additional tax, interest and penalties, and the authorities could claim that various withholding requirements apply to us or our subsidiary or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiary, any of which could have a material impact on us and the results of our operations.
Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with Nasdaq Capital Market’s continued listing standards.
Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “HTCR.” There can be no assurance any broker will continue to be interested in trading our stock. Therefore, it may be difficult to sell your shares of common stock if you desire or need to sell them. We cannot provide any assurance that an active and liquid trading market in our common stock will develop or, if developed, that such market will continue.
There is no guarantee that we will be able to maintain a listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market for any period of time by perpetually satisfying Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements. Our failure to continue to meet these requirements may result in our common stock being delisted from Nasdaq Capital Market.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock will trade. The market price of our common stock depends on a number of factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. In addition, the limited public float of our common stock will tend to increase the volatility of the trading price of our common stock. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock, since you might not be able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for them. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our common stock include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our results of operations; | |
| ● | the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections, or our failure to meet these projections; | |
| ● | announcements by us or our competitors of new products or new or terminated significant contracts, commercial relationships, or capital commitments; | |
| ● | industry or financial analyst or investor reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the SEC; | |
| ● | rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry; | |
| ● | price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time; |
57
| ● | changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular; | |
| ● | the expiration of market stand-off or contractual lock-up agreements and sales of shares of our common stock by us or our stockholders; | |
| ● | failure of industry or financial analysts to maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors; | |
| ● | actual or anticipated developments in our business, or our competitors’ businesses, or the competitive landscape generally; | |
| ● | litigation involving us, our industry, or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors; |
| ● | developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property rights, our products, or third-party proprietary rights; | |
| ● | announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors; | |
| ● | new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business; | |
| ● | any major changes in our management or our board of directors, particularly with respect to Mr. Lai; | |
| ● | general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our markets; and | |
| ● | other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events. |
In addition, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market prices of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. Securities litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources from our business. This could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Our common stock may be subject to the “penny stock” rules in the future. It may be more difficult to resell securities classified as “penny stock.”
Our common stock may be subject to “penny stock” rules (generally defined as non-exchange traded stock with a per-share price below $5.00) in the future. While our common stock is not currently considered “penny stock” since it is listed on Nasdaq, if we are unable to maintain that listing and our common stock is no longer listed on Nasdaq, unless we maintain a per-share price above $5.00, our common stock will become “penny stock.” These rules impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers that recommend the purchase or sale of penny stocks to persons other than those who qualify as “established customers” or “accredited investors.” For example, broker-dealers must determine the appropriateness for non-qualifying persons of investments in penny stocks. Broker-dealers must also provide, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, disclose the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, furnish monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account, provide a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser, and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction.
58
Legal remedies available to an investor in “penny stocks” may include the following:
| ● | If a “penny stock” is sold to the investor in violation of the requirements listed above, or other federal or states securities laws, the investor may be able to cancel the purchase and receive a refund of the investment. |
| ● | If a “penny stock” is sold to the investor in a fraudulent manner, the investor may be able to sue the persons and firms that committed the fraud for damages. |
These requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity, if any, in the secondary market for a security that becomes subject to the penny stock rules. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our securities, which could severely limit the market price and liquidity of our securities. These requirements may restrict the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock and may affect your ability to resell our common stock.
Many brokerage firms will discourage or refrain from recommending investments in penny stocks. Most institutional investors will not invest in penny stocks. In addition, many individual investors will not invest in penny stocks due, among other reasons, to the increased financial risk generally associated with these investments.
For these reasons, penny stocks may have a limited market and, consequently, limited liquidity. We can give no assurance at what time, if ever, our common stock will not be classified as a “penny stock” in the future.
If the benefits of any proposed acquisition do not meet the expectations of investors, stockholders or financial analysts, the market price of our common stock may decline.
If the benefits of any proposed acquisition do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of our common stock prior to the closing of the proposed acquisition may decline. The market values of our common stock at the time of the proposed acquisition may vary significantly from their prices on the date the acquisition target was identified.
In addition, broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our common stock irrespective of our operating performance. The stock market in general has experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of our securities, may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for retail stocks or the stocks of other companies which investors perceive to be similar to us could depress our stock price regardless of our business, prospects, financial conditions or results of operations. A decline in the market price of our securities also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.
As an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements.
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As a result, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
| ● | have an auditor report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; | |
| ● | comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditors’ report providing additional information about the audit and the consolidated financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis); | |
| ● | submit certain executive compensation matters to stockholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay” and “say-on-frequency”; and |
| ● | disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation. |
59
In addition, Section 102 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our consolidated financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of: (i) the end of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenue is $1.07 billion or more; (ii) the end of the fiscal year in which the market value of our common shares that are held by non-affiliates is at least $700.0 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter; (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and (iv) the end of the fiscal year during which the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering (which closed on February 14, 2022) occurs.
Until such time, however, we cannot predict if investors will find our securities less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the price of our securities may be more volatile.
If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and have an adverse effect on the value of our securities.
As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. Further, we will be required to report any changes in internal controls on a quarterly basis. In addition, we are required to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We will design, implement, and test the internal control over financial reporting required to comply with these obligations. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting when required, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the value of our securities could be negatively affected. We also could become subject to investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
As an emerging growth company, our auditor is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls.
Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting while we are an emerging growth company. This means that the effectiveness of our financial operations may differ from our peer companies in that they may be required to obtain independent registered public accounting firm attestations as to the effectiveness of their internal controls over financial reporting and we are not. While our management will be required to attest to internal control over financial reporting and we will be required to detail changes to our internal controls on a quarterly basis, we cannot provide assurance that the independent registered public accounting firm’s review process in assessing the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, if obtained, would not find one or more material weaknesses or significant deficiencies. Further, once we cease to be an emerging growth company and cease to be a smaller reporting company (as described below), we will be subject to independent registered public accounting firm attestation regarding the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Even if management finds such controls to be effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may decline to attest to the effectiveness of such internal controls and issue a qualified report.
60
We believe we will be considered a smaller reporting company and will be exempt from certain disclosure requirements, which could make our common stock less attractive to potential investors.
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act defines a “smaller reporting company” as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that:
| ● | had a public float of less than $250 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of shares of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates by the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of common equity, in the principal market for the common equity; or | |
| ● | in the case of an initial registration statement under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act for shares of its common equity, had a public float of less than $250 million as of a date within 30 days of the date of the filing of the registration statement, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of such shares held by non-affiliates before the registration plus, in the case of a Securities Act registration statement, the number of such shares included in the registration statement by the estimated public offering price of the shares; or | |
| ● | in the case of an issuer whose public float as calculated under paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition was zero or whose public float was less than $700 million, had annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available. |
As a smaller reporting company, we are not be required to, and may not, include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis section in our proxy statements; we will provide only two years of financial statements; and we need not provide the table of selected financial data. We also will have other “scaled” disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not smaller reporting companies which could make our common stock less attractive to potential investors, which could make it more difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares.
We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not previously incur as a private company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has imposed various requirements on public companies, including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls. Our management and other personnel need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations have increased and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur as a public company or the timing of such costs.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, we must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, will be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting the later of our second annual report on Form 10-K or the first annual report on Form 10-K following the date on which we are no longer an emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company. Our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act will require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts. We currently do not have an internal audit group, and we will need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the value of our securities could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.
61
Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and comply with Section 404 requires us to be able to prepare timely and accurate financial statements. We expect that we will need to continue to improve existing, and implement new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls to manage our business effectively. Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the transition to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls, may cause our operations to suffer and we may be unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective and to obtain an unqualified report on internal controls from our auditors as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This, in turn, could have an adverse impact on value of our securities, and could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets.
Anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.
The Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors. These provisions include:
| ● | no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates; | |
| ● | the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death, or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors; | |
| ● | the ability of our board of directors to determine whether to issue shares of our preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer; | |
| ● | limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers; | |
| ● | providing that a special meeting of the stockholders may only be called by a majority of the board of directors; | |
| ● | providing that directors may be removed prior to the expiration of their terms by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than 2/3 of the voting power of the issued and outstanding stock entitled to vote; and | |
| ● | advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company. |
These provisions, alone or together, could delay hostile takeovers and changes in control of the Company or changes in our board of directors and management.
Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our security holders to receive a premium for their securities and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our securities.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
62
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
The
cybersecurity risk management program, processes and strategy described in this section are limited to the personal and business information
belonging to or maintained by the Company (collectively, “Confidential Information”), our own
We
will develop and implement a company-wide cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity,
and availability of our Confidential Information and Critical Systems. Our cybersecurity risk management program will be
Our cybersecurity risk management program shall include :
| ● | risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our Confidential Information, Critical Systems and the broader enterprise IT environment; | |
| ● | a security team principally responsible for managing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security controls, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents; | |
| ● | cybersecurity awareness and spear-phishing resistance training of our employees, and senior management; | |
| ● | a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and | |
| ● | a vendor management policy for service providers. |
Cybersecurity Governance
Our executive management team, along with our managed information technology service provider, is responsible for assessing and managing risks from cybersecurity threats to the Company, including our Confidential Information and Critical Systems. The team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program. Our management team works closely with our information technology service provider.
Our management team meets with our information technology service provider periodically to discuss then-current cybersecurity issues, which may include efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, including threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, and external service providers engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the information technology environment including a spear-phishing report.
Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function and oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks.
Our Board oversees management’s implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program. Our executive management team is responsible for updating the Board, as necessary, regarding significant cybersecurity incidents.
Our Board shall also receive period reports from management on our cybersecurity risks and cybersecurity risk management program.
63
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our corporate headquarters are located at 1-2-33, Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan, where we lease approximately 7,863 rentable square feet of office space from an unaffiliated third party. This lease has an original term ending in September 2025 with an automatic two-year renewal option. Terms of the office lease provide for a base rent payment of $21,769 per month and a share of sales taxes of $2,177 per month. In February 2024, we terminated the lease of our previous Okinawa branch office located at 2-4-35, Mekaru, Naha-city, Okinawa, Japan. We subsequently entered into a new lease agreement for our current Okinawa branch office at 381-1, Asato, Naha-city, Okinawa, Japan, which we lease from an unaffiliated third party. This lease has an original term ending in August 2024, with automatic three-month renewals thereafter. Terms of the Okinawa office lease provide for a base rent payment of $915 per month and a share of sales taxes of $92 per month. We believe that these facilities are adequate for our current and near-term future needs.
The Japan branch office of HeartCore Financial, Inc. are located at 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, where we lease approximately 1,379 rentable square feet of office space from an unaffiliated third party. This lease has lease term ending in June 2026. Terms of the office lease provide for a base rent payment of $8,743 per month and a share of sales taxes of $874 per month.
The office of Sigmaways, Inc. are located at 39737 Paseo Padre PKWY, Suite C1 Fremont, CA, the United States, where we lease approximately 765 square feet of office space from an unaffiliated third party with lease term ending in December 2025. Terms of the office lease provide for a base rent payment of $1,868 per month.
The office of HeartCore Luvina Vietnam Company Limited is located at Software Park Building , No.2 Quang Trung, Hai Chau district, Da Nang City, Vietnam, where we lease approximately 915 square feet of office space from an unaffiliated third party with lease term ending in January 2026. Terms of the office lease provide for a quarterly base rent payment of $2,516 per month.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. To the knowledge of our management, there are no legal proceedings currently pending against us which we believe would have a material effect on our business, financial position or results of operations and, to the best of our knowledge, there are no such legal proceedings contemplated or threatened. Defending such proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
64
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is listed the Nasdaq Capital Market and its stock symbol is “HTCR.” The closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on March 28, 2025 was $0.8573.
Holders
As of December 31, 2024, there were 21,937,987 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, and we had approximately 32 holders of record of our common stock. The number of record holders does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of banks, brokers, nominees or other fiduciaries.
Dividends
On March 29, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.02 per share of the Company’s common stock. The dividend was paid on May 3, 2024 to stockholders of record as of April 26, 2024, resulting in an aggregate of $417,283 in total dividends paid by the Company.
On July 22, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.02 per share of the Company’s common stock. The dividend was paid on August 26, 2024 to stockholders of record as of August 19, 2024, resulting in an aggregate of $417,283 in total dividends paid by the Company.
The Company may continue to issue quarterly dividends going forward, contingent upon the Board of Directors’ approval, following review of the Company’s then-current financial results. Future dividends, if any, may be less than, equal to or greater than recent dividends.
65
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
Our Board of Directors and stockholders approved the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) on August 6, 2021. Under the 2021 Plan, 2,400,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance to employees, directors and independent contractors (except those performing services in connection with the offer or sale of the Company’s securities in a capital raising transaction or promoting or maintaining a market for the Company’s securities) of the Company or its subsidiary. The 2021 Plan authorizes equity-based and cash-based incentives for participants. As of December 31, 2024, there were 4,330 shares authorized for issuance under the 2021 Plan.
On December 25, 2021, the Company awarded options to purchase 1,534,500 shares of common stock pursuant to our 2021 Plan at an exercise price of $2.50 per share to various officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. The options vest on each annual anniversary of the date of issuance, in an amount equal to 25% of the applicable shares of common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the 2021 Plan and the option award agreements pursuant to which the options were awarded.
On February 9, 2022, the Company entered into executive employment agreements with five executives and granted 85,820 restricted stock units pursuant to the 2021 Plan. These common stock vest on each annual anniversary of the date of the employment agreement, in an amount equal to 25% of the applicable shares of common shares.
On August 2, 2022, the Company awarded options to purchase 2,000 shares of common stock pursuant to our 2021 Plan at an exercise price of $2.94 per share to an employee. The options vest on each annual anniversary of the date of issuance, in an amount equal to 25% of the applicable shares of common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the 2021 Plan and the option award agreements pursuant to which the options were awarded.
On February 3, 2023, the Company granted stock options to an employee to purchase 100,000 common shares at an exercise price of $1.17 per share throughout a period of ten years from the grant date. The stock options vested 50% on the grant date and February 1, 2024, respectively.
On March 22, 2023, the Company granted 671,350 shares of common shares to the employees and service providers of Sigmaways.
On August 1, 2023, the Board approved, and proposed for stockholder approval, the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”). The shareholders approved the 2023 Plan at the Annual Shareholder’s meeting on September 29, 2023. The 2023 Plan provides for various stock-based incentive awards, including incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and other equity-based or cash-based awards. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not granted any stock-based compensation awards to employees, including officers, or non-employee directors pursuant to the 2023 Plan.
On August 25, 2023, the Company awarded options to purchase 2,000 shares of common stock pursuant to our 2021 Plan at an exercise price of $1.10 per share to an employee. The options vest on each annual anniversary of the date of issuance, in an amount equal to 25% of the applicable shares of common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the 2021 Plan and the option award agreements pursuant to which the options were awarded.
On October 1, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate 69,653 shares of common stock pursuant to the 2023 Plan. The common stock was fully vested upon issuance.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
On June 1, 2022, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (“2022 Share Repurchase Program”), pursuant to which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $3.5 million of its outstanding common shares. The timing and amount of repurchases under the program are determined by the Company’s management based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors. This program has no set termination date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
During the period from June 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 1,349,390 shares of common shares at an average price of $2.59 per share totaling approximately $3.5 million (including commissions) under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. As of September 30, 2022, the Company has used up the entire balance authorized under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program.
On October 18, 2022, the Board of Directors approved to retire all the repurchased shares. As of December 31, 2022, all of the 1,349,390 treasury shares have been retired.
66
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The Company’s transfer agent is Transhare Corporation. The transfer agent’s address is Bayside Center 1, 17755 US Highway 19 N, Suite 140, Clearwater, Florida 33764, and its telephone number is (303) 662-1112.
ITEM 6. RESERVED
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this annual report, including, without limitation, statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding the Company’s financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. When used in this annual report, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or the Company’s management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, the Company’s management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors detailed in our filings with the SEC.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this annual report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. References herein to “we,” “us” or the “Company” refers to HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including HeartCore Co., Ltd. (“HeartCore Co.”), HeartCore Capital Advisors, Inc. (“HeartCore Capital Advisors”), HeartCore Financial, Inc. (“HeartCore Financial”) and its branch office in Japan, HeartCore Luvina Vietnam Company Limited (“HeartCore Luvina”), and Sigmaways, Inc. (“Sigmaways”) and its subsidiaries. HeartCore Capital Advisors was merged into HeartCore Japan in January 2024. HeartCore Luvina was incorporated in the fourth quarter 2023 and started to operate in February 2024.
Business Overview
We are a leading software development company based in Tokyo, Japan. We provide software through two business units. The first business unit, our CX division, includes a customer experience management business (the “CXM Platform”) that has been in existence for 15 years. Our CXM Platform includes marketing, sales, service and content management systems, as well as other tools and integrations, that enable companies to attract and engage customers throughout the customer experience. We also provide education, services and support to help customers be successful with our CXM Platform.
The second business unit, our DX division, is a digital transformation business which provides customers with robotics process automation, process mining and task mining to accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises. We also have an ongoing technology innovation team to develop software that supports the narrow needs of large enterprise customers.
We have made significant investments in our sales and marketing efforts globally. As of December 31, 2024, our sales and marketing organization was comprised of 12 employees including our field sales organization, which maintains a physical sales presence in the Japanese software market. Using our go-to-market strategy, we believe we have made significant contributions in Japan and have established a diversified revenue and customer base. As of December 31, 2024, our combined business units (customer experience management business unit and digital transformation business unit) had 982 total customers in Japan, of which 724, or 73.7%, were paying customers, and 26 total customers outside Japan, of which 1, or 0.1%, was a paying customer. Our 280 non-paying customers were originally paying customers that utilized our paid services but now use a free version of the CXM Platform. There is the potential for non-paying customers to become paying customers again if and when they start utilizing our paid services again.
67
During 2022, we started the GO IPO business, which supports Japanese companies listing on Nasdaq and NYSE in the United States. As of December 31, 2024, we have entered into consulting agreements with 14 companies to assist them in their IPO process, whereby we are entitled to receive from each company a consulting fee that ranges from $380,000 to $900,000 and warrants or stock acquisition rights to purchase 1% to 4% of the fully-diluted share capital of such companies that is exercisable on certain dates at an exercise price of $0.01 or JPY1 per share.
We were incorporated in the State of Delaware on May 18, 2021. We conduct business activities principally through our wholly owned subsidiary, HeartCore Co., a Japanese corporation, which was established in Japan by Mr. Sumitaka Yamamoto, our CEO, in 2009.
On September 6, 2022, HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. entered into a share exchange and purchase agreement (“Sigmaways Agreement”) to acquire 51% of the outstanding shares of Sigmaways, a company incorporated under the laws of the State of California, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Sigmaways and its wholly owned subsidiaries are engaged in the business of developing and sales of software in the United States. The acquisition was closed on February 1, 2023.
In the first quarter of 2023, we formed HeartCore Financial in the U.S. and HeartCore Capital Advisors as part of our Go IPO consulting business. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we formed HeartCore Luvina in Vietnam, which is engaged in the business of software development.
On November 17, 2023 HeartCore Japan and HeartCore Capital Advisors entered into a merger agreement to merge the two entities into one with HeartCore Japan being the surviving entity. On January 1, 2024, the merger was completed and HeartCore Capital Advisors transferred all of its assets and liabilities to HeartCore Japan. The merger has been accounted for as a recapitalization between entities under common control since the same controlling shareholders controlled the two entities before and after the transaction.
In April 2024, HeartCore Financial incorporated a branch office, HeartCore Financial, Inc. – Japan Branch Office, in Japan.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we generated revenues of $30,407,229 and $21,845,830, respectively, and reported net loss of $5,212,900 and $4,876,700, respectively, and cash flows used in operating activities of $4,774,971 and $4,331,209, respectively. As noted in our consolidated financial statements, as of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $16,244,843.
Key Factors that Affect Our Results of Operations
We believe the following key factors may affect our financial condition and results of operations:
Our Ability to Strength Our Competitive Advantages
Our mission is to be at the forefront of innovation and thought leadership in enterprise business automation, analyzing enterprise users’ desktops and mission-critical systems, and creating end-to-end software that provides business automation based on the results of that analysis and further simulating the numbers. We create end-to-end software that provides business automation. Our customers use our software across their organizations so that they can run their operations in a more fully automated manner. Our ability to successfully implement the automation in our software greatly affects our profitability.
Our Ability to Expand International Market
We maintain a physical sales presence in the Japanese software market. Using our global go-to-market strategy we believe we have established a diversified revenue and customer base. We will continue to develop our global operation. International expansion over the long term represents a significant opportunity and we plan to continue to invest in growing our presence internationally, both through expanding our sales and marketing efforts and leveraging channel and other ecosystem partners.
Our Ability to Control Costs and Expenses and Improve Our Operating Efficiency
Our business growth is dependent on our ability to attract and retain qualified and productive employees, identify business opportunities, secure new contracts with customers and our ability to control costs and expenses to improve our operating efficiency. Our software costs (mostly including purchased software license, salaries and welfare, and outsourcing expenses) have a direct impact on our profitability. Our success is dependent, in part, on our ability to reduce our exposure to increase in those costs through a variety of ways, while maintaining and improving margins and market share. In addition, our staffing costs (including salaries and welfare) and administrative expenses also have a direct impact on our profitability. Our ability to drive the productivity of our staff and enhance our operating efficiency affects our profitability.
68
Our Ability to Manage and Retain Customer Renewals
Our ability to manage and retain customer renewals is vital to our expansion of renewals in our customer base and continuous and growing revenue. By achieving and maintaining high retention of customer renewals, we are able to cover most of our expenses from the revenue generated from such retained customer renewals. In order to achieve and maintain a high retention of customer renewals, we engage in the following actions: (i) we conduct annual surveys of existing customers; (ii) we conduct Net Promoter Scoring (NPS), whereby we measure customer loyalty and satisfaction by asking our customers how likely they are to recommend our product and service to others; and (iii) we have sales representatives visit important customers to increase customer retention. Our ability to expand within our customer base is demonstrated by our net retention rate, which represents the rate of net expansion of annualized renewal run-rate from existing customers over the last 12 months.
As of December 31, 2024, our combined business units (customer experience management business unit and digital transformation business unit) had 982 total customers in Japan, of which 724, or 73.7%, were paying customers and 26 total customers outside Japan, of which 1, or 0.1%, was a paying customer. Our 280 non-paying customers were originally paying customers that utilized our paid services but now use a free version of the CXM Platform. Our net retention rate for our paying customers of our customer experience management business unit (CMS business) was 95%, 88%, and 92% as of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. There is an insignificant impact (below 10%) on our net retention rate as to former paying customers of our CMS business utilizing the free version of your CXM Platform.
A Severe or Prolonged Slowdown in the Global and Japan Economy Could Materially and Adversely Affect Our Business and Our Financial Condition
In recent years, the economic indicators in Japan have shown mixed signs, and future growth of the Japanese economy is subject to many factors beyond our control. The current administration of Prime Minster Shigeru Ishiba and the former administration of Prime Minister Fumio Kishida have introduced policies to combat deflation and promote economic growth. In addition, the Bank of Japan introduced a plan for quantitative and qualitative monetary easing in April 2013 and announced a negative interest rate policy in January 2016. However, the long-term impact of these policy initiatives on Japan’s economy remains uncertain. The impact of Brexit on the Japanese economy and on the value of the Japanese yen against currencies of other countries in which we generate revenue, in both the short and long term, is also uncertain. In addition, an increase in the consumption tax rate, which took place in April 2014 with a further increase in October 2019, may also adversely impact the Japanese economy, potentially impacting consumer spending, and advertising spending by businesses. Any future deterioration of the Japanese or global economy may result in a decline in consumption that would have a negative impact on demand for our products and their prices.
GO IPO consulting services business may experience a decrease in clients due to external factors such as the slowdown of the Japanese economy. In addition, an increase in the number of competitors may have an impact on the business.
69
Results of Operations
Comparison of Results of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
The following table summarizes our operating results as reflected in our statements of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) during such periods.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| % of | % of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Revenues | Amount | Revenues | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 30,407,229 | 100.0 | % | $ | 21,845,830 | 100.0 | % | $ | 8,561,399 | 39.2 | % | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | 12,579,359 | 41.4 | % | 13,778,416 | 63.1 | % | (1,199,057 | ) | -8.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 17,827,870 | 58.6 | % | 8,067,414 | 36.9 | % | 9,760,456 | 121.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling expenses | 1,255,368 | 4.1 | % | 1,516,247 | 6.9 | % | (260,879 | ) | -17.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 8,623,587 | 28.4 | % | 9,651,381 | 44.2 | % | (1,027,794 | ) | -10.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | 729,584 | 2.4 | % | 1,019,141 | 4.7 | % | (289,557 | ) | -28.4 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of intangible asset | 3,878,125 | 12.8 | % | - | - | 3,878,125 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill | 3,276,441 | 10.7 | % | - | - | 3,276,441 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 17,763,105 | 58.4 | % | 12,186,769 | 55.8 | % | 5,576,336 | 45.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 64,765 | 0.2 | % | (4,119,355 | ) | -18.9 | % | 4,184,120 | -101.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Other expenses | (5,414,487 | ) | -17.8 | % | (891,009 | ) | -4.0 | % | (4,523,478 | ) | 507.7 | % | ||||||||||||
| Loss before income tax benefit | (5,349,722 | ) | -17.6 | % | (5,010,364 | ) | -22.9 | % | (339,358 | ) | 6.8 | % | ||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | (136,822 | ) | -0.5 | % | (133,664 | ) | -0.6 | % | (3,158 | ) | 2.4 | % | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | (5,212,900 | ) | -17.1 | % | (4,876,700 | ) | -22.3 | % | (336,200 | ) | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (3,731,526 | ) | -12.2 | % | (686,810 | ) | -3.1 | % | (3,044,716 | ) | 443.3 | % | ||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. | $ | (1,481,374 | ) | -4.9 | % | $ | (4,189,890 | ) | -19.2 | % | $ | 2,708,516 | -64.6 | % | ||||||||||
70
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from on-premise software | $ | 2,700,769 | 8.9 | % | $ | 1,586,218 | 7.3 | % | $ | 1,114,551 | 70.3 | % | ||||||||||||
| Revenues from maintenance and support services | 2,625,992 | 8.6 | % | 2,646,148 | 12.1 | % | (20,156 | ) | -0.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues from software as a service (“SaaS”) | 564,292 | 1.9 | % | 635,927 | 2.9 | % | (71,635 | ) | -11.3 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues from software development and other miscellaneous services | 1,925,117 | 6.3 | % | 1,980,979 | 9.1 | % | (55,862 | ) | -2.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues from customized software development and services | 7,854,285 | 25.8 | % | 8,784,239 | 40.2 | % | (929,954 | ) | -10.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues from consulting services | 14,736,774 | 48.5 | % | 6,212,319 | 28.4 | % | 8,524,455 | 137.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 30,407,229 | 100.0 | % | 21,845,830 | 100.0 | % | 8,561,399 | 39.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costs of on-premise software | 1,608,105 | 12.8 | % | 1,485,769 | 10.8 | % | 122,336 | 8.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Costs of maintenance and support services | 692,026 | 5.5 | % | 1,024,059 | 7.4 | % | (332,033 | ) | -32.4 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Costs of software as a service (“SaaS”) | 415,835 | 3.3 | % | 366,277 | 2.7 | % | 49,558 | 13.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Costs of software development and other miscellaneous services | 1,635,953 | 13.0 | % | 1,655,461 | 12.0 | % | (19,508 | ) | -1.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Costs of customized software development and services | 7,285,674 | 57.9 | % | 7,219,892 | 52.4 | % | 65,782 | 0.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Costs of consulting services | 941,766 | 7.5 | % | 2,026,958 | 14.7 | % | (1,085,192 | ) | -53.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenues | 12,579,359 | 100.0 | % | 13,778,416 | 100.0 | % | (1,199,057 | ) | -8.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| On-premise software | 1,092,664 | 6.2 | % | 100,449 | 1.3 | % | 992,215 | 987.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Maintenance and support services | 1,933,966 | 10.8 | % | 1,622,089 | 20.2 | % | 311,877 | 19.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Software as a service (“SaaS”) | 148,457 | 0.8 | % | 269,650 | 3.3 | % | (121,193 | ) | -44.9 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Software development and other miscellaneous services | 289,164 | 1.6 | % | 325,518 | 4.0 | % | (36,354 | ) | -11.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Customized software development and services | 568,611 | 3.2 | % | 1,564,347 | 19.4 | % | (995,736 | ) | -63.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Consulting services | 13,795,008 | 77.4 | % | 4,185,361 | 51.8 | % | 9,609,647 | 229.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total gross profit | $ | 17,827,870 | 100.0 | % | $ | 8,067,414 | 100.0 | % | $ | 9,760,456 | 121.0 | % | ||||||||||||
71
Revenues
Our total revenues increased by $8,561,399, or 39.2%, to $30,407,229 for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $21,845,830 for the year ended December 31, 2023, mainly attributable to (i) the increased revenue of $8,524,455 from GO IPO consulting services as two of the Company’s GO IPO consulting customers successfully listed on the Nasdaq in the fiscal year 2024 and the Company recognized revenues from noncash consideration in the form of warrants and ordinary shares from the consulting services customers of $13.5 million, while only $3.8 million of revenue recognized from noncash consideration in the form of warrants in the fiscal year 2023; and (ii) an increase of $1,114,551 in on-premise software revenue as we entered into multiple long-term license contracts with relatively large contract price and revenue amount in the fiscal year 2024; and offset by (iii) a decrease of $929,954 in revenue from customized software development and services due to intense market competition and we obtained fewer customer orders in the fiscal year 2024.
Cost of Revenues
Our total costs of revenues decreased by $1,199,057, or 8.7%, to $12,579,359 for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $13,778,416 for the year ended December 31, 2023, mainly attributable to (i) a decrease of $1,085,192 in the cost of GO IPO consulting services in line with the decrease in revenues of GO IPO consulting services by excluding the amount recognized from noncash consideration; and (ii) a decrease of $332,033 in cost of maintenance and support services as we gradually used internal resources to provide the services in 2024, which was less costly when compared with using outsourcing resources.
Gross Profit
Our total gross profit increased by $9,760,456, or 121.0%, to $17,827,870 for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $8,067,414 for the year ended December 31, 2023, mainly attributable to an increase in gross profit of $9,609,647 from GO IPO consulting services, as we recognized greater revenues from noncash consideration from IPO customers upon their IPO effectiveness with no associated costs in the fiscal year 2024 than that recognized in 2023.
For the reasons discussed above, our overall gross profit margin increased by 21.7% to 58.6% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 36.9% in the fiscal year 2023.
72
Operating Expenses
The following table sets forth the breakdown of our operating expenses for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| % of | % of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Revenues | Amount | Revenues | Amount | % of | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 30,407,229 | 100.0 | % | $ | 21,845,830 | 100.0 | % | $ | 8,561,399 | 39.2 | % | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling expenses | 1,255,368 | 4.1 | % | 1,516,247 | 6.9 | % | (260,879 | ) | -17.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 8,623,587 | 28.4 | % | 9,651,381 | 44.2 | % | (1,027,794 | ) | -10.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | 729,584 | 2.4 | % | 1,019,141 | 4.7 | % | (289,557 | ) | -28.4 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of intangible asset | 3,878,125 | 12.8 | % | - | - | 3,878,125 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill | 3,276,441 | 10.7 | % | - | - | 3,276,441 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 17,763,105 | 58.4 | % | $ | 12,186,769 | 55.8 | % | $ | 5,576,336 | 45.8 | % | ||||||||||||
Selling Expenses
Our selling expenses primarily include advertising expenses, sales salaries, commissions, and welfare, sales promotion expenses, referral expense, and stock-based compensation.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising expenses | $ | 473,132 | 37.7 | % | $ | 832,491 | 54.9 | % | $ | (359,359 | ) | -43.2 | % | |||||||||||
| Sales salaries, commissions and welfare | 584,699 | 46.6 | % | 119,736 | 7.9 | % | 464,963 | 388.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Sales promotion expenses | 2,924 | 0.2 | % | 2,931 | 0.2 | % | (7 | ) | -0.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Referral expenses | 50,000 | 4.0 | % | - | - | 50,000 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 144,613 | 11.5 | % | 561,089 | 37.0 | % | (416,476 | ) | -74.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total selling expenses | $ | 1,255,368 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,516,247 | 100.0 | % | $ | (260,879 | ) | -17.2 | % | |||||||||||
Our selling expenses decreased by $260,879, or 17.2%, to $1,255,368 for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $1,516,247 in the fiscal year 2023, primarily attributable to (i) a decrease of $359,359 in advertising expenses due to less advertising activities in the current year, (ii) a decrease of $416,476 in stock-based compensation, as the Company granted restricted common stocks which immediately vested upon issuance and stock options to employees of Sigmaways in 2023, and there was no such amount restricted common stocks and stock options granted in the current year, the decrease is also contributed by the graded vesting method of stock options for those issued in previous years, which generally more stock-based compensation will recognize in the early stage, offset by (iii) the increase of $464,963 in sales salaries, commissions and welfare as the Company shifted marketing strategy in the fiscal year 2024.
As a percentage of revenues, our selling expenses accounted for 4.1% and 6.9% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
73
General and Administrative Expenses
Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of employee salaries and welfare expenses, consulting and professional service fees, depreciation and amortization expenses, rent expense, office, utility and other expenses, travel and entertainment expenses, and stock-based compensation.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries and welfare expenses | $ | 3,707,501 | 43.0 | % | $ | 4,532,749 | 47.0 | % | $ | (825,248 | ) | -18.2 | % | |||||||||||
| Consulting and professional service fees | 1,999,844 | 23.2 | % | 1,520,176 | 15.8 | % | 479,668 | 31.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expenses | 737,541 | 8.6 | % | 666,721 | 6.9 | % | 70,820 | 10.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Rent expense | 252,330 | 2.9 | % | 302,844 | 3.1 | % | (50,514 | ) | -16.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Office, utility and other expenses | 1,434,740 | 16.6 | % | 1,505,981 | 15.6 | % | (71,241 | ) | -4.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Travel and entertainment expenses | 285,867 | 3.3 | % | 359,105 | 3.7 | % | (73,238 | ) | -20.4 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 205,764 | 2.4 | % | 763,805 | 7.9 | % | (558,041 | ) | -73.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total general and administrative expenses | $ | 8,623,587 | 100.0 | % | $ | 9,651,381 | 100.0 | % | $ | (1,027,794 | ) | -10.6 | % | |||||||||||
Our general and administrative expenses decreased by $1,027,794 or 10.6%, to $8,628,587 for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $9,651,381 in the fiscal year 2023, primarily attributable to (i) a decrease of $825,248 in salaries and welfare expenses due decrease in numbers of directors, change in bonus structures, and dissolution of HeartCore Capital Advisors in the fiscal year 2024; (ii) a decrease of $558,041 in stock-based compensation, as the Company granted restricted common stocks which immediately vested upon issuance and stock options to employees of Sigmaways in 2023, and there was no such amount restricted common stocks and stock options granted in the current year, the decrease is also contributed by the graded vesting method of stock options for those issued in previous years, which generally more stock-based compensation will recognize in the early stage; offset by (iii) an increase of $479,668 in consulting and professional service fees, primarily because the Company newly engaged public relations related activities in 2024 to enhance compliance and regulation information, while no such activities occurred in previous year.
As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses were 28.4% and 44.2% of our revenues for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Research and Development Expenses
Our research and development expenses primarily consist of employee salaries and welfare expenses, outsourcing expenses, and stock-based compensation.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries and welfare expenses | $ | 371,748 | 51.0 | % | $ | - | - | $ | 371,748 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||
| Outsourcing expenses | 355,463 | 48.7 | % | 958,830 | 94.1 | % | (603,367 | ) | -62.9 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 2,373 | 0.3 | % | 60,311 | 5.9 | % | (57,938 | ) | -96.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total research and development expenses | $ | 729,584 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,019,141 | 100.0 | % | $ | (289,557 | ) | -28.4 | % | |||||||||||
Our research and development expenses decreased by $289,557 or 28.4%, to $729,584 in the year ended December 31, 2024 from $1,019,141 in the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily attributable to a decrease of $603,367 in outsourcing expenses relating to the development of new CMS management screen features, which stared in 2023 and about to completed in the current year; and offset by an increase of $371,748 in salaries and welfare expenses for the employees assigned to the development of a new product, Global CMS, started in 2024.
As a percentage of revenues, research and development expenses were 2.4% and 4.7% of our revenues for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Impairment of Intangible Asset
Our intangible asset represents the customer relationship acquired from business acquisition of Sigmaways and its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2024, we accessed the value of such intangible asset become zero by engaging a third-party valuation appraiser, accordingly, we recorded an impairment of intangible asset of $3,878,125, excluding an amortization expense of $637,500 in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Impairment of Goodwill
Our goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired in business acquisition of Sigmaways and its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2024, we evaluated the fair value of the reporting unit of Sigmaways and its subsidiaries and estimated the value of goodwill become zero by engaging a third-party valuation appraiser, accordingly, we recorded an impairment of goodwill of $3,276,441 in the year ended December 31, 2024.
74
Other Income (Expenses), Net
Our other income (expenses) primarily includes changes in fair value of investments in marketable securities, changes in fair value of investment in warrants, loss on sale of warrants, interest income generated from bank deposits, interest expenses for bank loans and bonds, government grants, impairment of investment in equity securities, loss on forgiveness of note receivable, other income, and other expenses. Total other expenses, net, increased by $4,523,478 or 507.7%, from other expenses, net, of $891,009 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to other expenses, net, of $5,414,487 for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily attributable to an increase of $1,796,865 in loss on fair value changes in investments in marketable securities, an increase of $3,970,628 in loss on sale of warrants, and an increase of $300,000 in impairment of investment in equity securities, offset by an increase of $2,159,144 in gain on fair value changes in investment in warrants.
Income Tax Benefit
Income tax benefit was $136,822 for the year ended December 31, 2024, a slight increase of $3,158, or 2.4% from income tax benefit of $133,664 in the fiscal year 2023.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, we reported a net loss of $5,212,900 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, representing a $336,200 or 6.9% increase from a net loss of $4,876,700 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Net Loss Attributable to Non-controlling Interests
We owned 51% equity interest of Sigmaways and its subsidiaries and 51% equity interest of HeartCore Luvina as of December 31, 2024. Accordingly, we recorded net loss attributable to the non-controlling interests of $3,731,526 and $686,810 in the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Net Loss Attributable to HeartCore Enterprises, Inc.
As a result of the foregoing, we reported a net loss attributable to HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. of $1,481,374 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, representing a $2,708,516 or 64.6% decrease from a net loss attributable to HeartCore Enterprise, Inc. of $4,189,890 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2024, we had $2,121,089 in cash and cash equivalents as compared to $1,012,479 as of December 31, 2023. We also had $1,950,050 in accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024. Our accounts receivable primarily include balance due from customers for our on-premise software sold and services provided and accepted by customers, as well as amounts billable to the customers for customized software development and services.
75
As of December 31, 2024, our working capital was $1,995,643. In assessing our liquidity, management monitors and analyzes our cash, our ability to generate sufficient revenues in the future, and our operating and capital expenditure commitments.
Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
The following table sets forth summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (4,774,971 | ) | $ | (4,331,209 | ) | ||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 6,349,204 | (1,780,952 | ) | |||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (318,646 | ) | 136,194 | |||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes | (146,977 | ) | (188,880 | ) | ||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 1,108,610 | (6,164,847 | ) | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year | 1,012,479 | 7,177,326 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year | $ | 2,121,089 | $ | 1,012,479 | ||||
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $4,774,971 for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily consisting of the following:
| ● | Net loss of $5,212,900 for the fiscal year. |
| ● | Marketable securities and warrants received as noncash consideration in total of $13,541,693 as two of our IPO consulting customers completed the IPO during the current year. |
| ● | A deferred income tax benefits of $1,076,600 mainly brought by amortization and impairment of intangible asset. |
| ● | A gain of $1,657,699 on fair value changes in investment in warrants. |
| ● | Offset by loss of $3,970,628 recognized on sale of warrants to a third party. |
| ● | Offset by a total of $7,154,566 loss recognized on impairment of goodwill and intangible asset acquired from business acquisition of Sigmaways and its subsidiaries. |
| ● | Offset by a loss of $2,412,385 on fair value changes in investments in marketable securities. |
| ● | Offset by depreciation and amortization expenses of $749,639. |
| ● | Offset by an increase of $669,142 in income tax payable. |
| ● | Offset by an increase of $710,001 in other liabilities, mainly because the increase of liability to refund a customer. |
76
Net cash used in operating activities was $4,331,209 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily consisting of the following:
| ● | Net loss of $4,876,700 for the fiscal year. | |
| ● | Warrants received as non-cash consideration of $3,763,621 as our IPO consulting customers completed the IPO during the current year. | |
| ● | An increase in accounts receivable of $338,312. The increase was primarily due to the increase in our sales generated by our newly acquired subsidiary, Sigmaways. The collected accounts receivable is available cash, which can be used as working capital for our business operation, if necessary. | |
| ● | A decrease of $327,877 in operating lease liabilities, due to the rent payment made. | |
| ● | Offset by stock-based compensation of $1,430,513, as we granted equity rewards to our employees and service providers in 2023. | |
| ● | Offset by a loss of $615,520 from the changes in fair value of investments in marketable securities. | |
| ● | Offset by a loss of $501,445 from the changes in fair value of investment in warrants. | |
| ● | Offset by depreciation and amortization expenses of $683,019, mainly because we acquired Sigmaways and its subsidiaries on February 1, 2023, and recognized amortization expense for the intangible asset identified through the acquisition. | |
| ● | Offset by an increase of $532,790 in accounts payable and accrued expenses as we incurred more operating expenses due to the expansion of our business. | |
| ● | Offset by an increase in deferred revenue of $553,130, due to the upfront payment received for IPO consulting services while most IPO customer were not declared IPO effective as of the balance sheet date. | |
| ● | Offset by non-cash lease expense of $346,070. |
Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities amounted to $6,349,204 for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily consisted of (i) net proceeds of $5,640,000 from sale of warrants, and (ii) net proceeds of $749,546 from sale of marketable securities.
Net cash used in investing activities amounted to $1,780,952 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily consisted of (i) payment for acquisition of Sigmaways and its subsidiaries, net of cash acquired, of $724,910; (ii) advances on notes receivable of $600,000; and (iii) purchases of property and equipment of $526,260.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities amounted to $318,646 for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily consisted of (i) dividends distribution of $834,566; (ii) repayment of $554,553 for short-term and long-term debts; (iii) net repayment of $390,373 for factoring arrangement, and (iv) proceeds of $1,423,342 from issuance of common stocks.
Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $136,194 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, primarily consisted of proceeds of $710,107 from short-term and long-term debts, and net proceeds of $562,767 from factoring arrangement, offset by repayment of $711,395 for long-term debts, and repayment of 389,035 for insurance premium financing.
77
Contractual Obligations
Lease Commitment
The Company has entered into operating leases for office space with terms ranging from two to fifteen years, and finance leases for office equipment and vehicle with terms of five years.
As of December 31, 2024, future minimum lease payments under the non-cancelable lease agreements are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | Finance Lease | Operating Leases | ||||||
| 2025 | $ | 16,640 | $ | 394,538 | ||||
| 2026 | 16,640 | 301,182 | ||||||
| 2027 | 16,640 | 259,508 | ||||||
| 2028 | 11,093 | 259,508 | ||||||
| 2029 | - | 259,508 | ||||||
| Thereafter | - | 603,091 | ||||||
| Total lease payments | 61,013 | 2,077,335 | ||||||
| Less: imputed interest | (1,464 | ) | (90,388 | ) | ||||
| Total lease liabilities | 59,549 | 1,986,947 | ||||||
| Less: current portion | (15,956 | ) | (371,951 | ) | ||||
| Non-current lease liabilities | $ | 43,593 | $ | 1,614,996 | ||||
Debts
The Company’s debts included long-term debts borrowed from banks and financial institutions.
As of December 31, 2024, future minimum payments for long-term debts are as follows:
| Principal | ||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Payment | |||
| 2025 | $ | 404,827 | ||
| 2026 | 358,590 | |||
| 2027 | 384,912 | |||
| 2028 | 173,900 | |||
| 2029 | 25,116 | |||
| Thereafter | 304,723 | |||
| Total | $ | 1,652,068 | ||
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2024.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements. These financial statements are prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities and revenues and expenses, to disclose contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the consolidated financial statements, and to disclose the reported amounts of revenues and expenses incurred during the financial reporting period. We continue to evaluate the estimates and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We rely on these evaluations as the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. We believe critical accounting policies reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
78
Revenue Recognition
We generate revenues from the following main sources: on-premise software sales, maintenance and support services, software as a service (“SaaS”), software development and other miscellaneous services, customized software development and services and consulting services. A single contract could include one or multiple performance obligations. For those contracts that have multiple performance obligations, we allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price.
Revenue is recognized when control of the goods and services provided are transferred to our customers and in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services using the following steps: 1) identify the contract, 2) identify the performance obligations, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and 5) recognize revenue as or when we satisfy the performance obligations.
We satisfy our performance obligations for maintenance and support services, software as a service (“SaaS”), customized software development and services and consulting services over time as the related services are provided. We satisfy our performance obligations for on-premise software sales and software development and other miscellaneous services at point in time.
We provide public listing related consulting services to customers pursuant to the specific requirements prescribed in the contracts, which primarily include communicating with intermediary parties, preparing required documents related to the initial public offering and supporting the listing process. The consulting service contracts normally include both cash and noncash considerations. Cash consideration is paid in installment payments and is recognized in revenues over the period of the contract by reference to progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. Noncash consideration is primarily in the form of warrants of the customers and is measured at fair value at contract inception. Noncash consideration that is variable for reasons other than only the form of the consideration is included in the transaction price, but is subject to the constraint on variable consideration. We assess the estimated amount of the variable noncash consideration at contract inception and subsequently, to determine when and to what extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenues recognized will not occur once the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Only when the significant revenues reversal is concluded probable of not occurring can variable consideration be included in revenues. Based on evaluation of likelihood and magnitude of a reversal in applying the constraint, the variable noncash consideration is recognized in revenues until the underlying uncertainties have been resolved.
The valuation of noncash consideration in the form of warrants of the customers are estimates are based on all available information and in some cases assumptions with respect to the timing and amount of future revenues and expenses and are reviewed by consulting with third-party valuation appraisers. The fair value of the warrants received from the customers are estimated using the Black-Scholes model and binomial model. In connection with assessing the stock price as one of the inputs to the valuation model, income approach, through the discounted cash flow method, and market approach, through the guideline company method, are used in the valuation process. Management applies significant judgement related to these valuation models and approaches, such as future cash flows estimate, discount rate assumption, selection of comparable companies, and etc. These significant assumptions are based on company specific information and projections, which may not be observable in the market, and, therefore, are considered Level 2 and Level 3 measurements. These significant assumptions are forward-looking and could be affected by future changes in economic and market conditions. We believe the accounting estimate for revenue recognition in connection with the valuation of the warrants received by the Company as part of the consideration for consulting services is a critical accounting estimate because it requires estimates and judgement as to expectations that are highly subjective, but which are inherently uncertain and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates.
Impairment of Intangible Asset and Goodwill
We review our intangible asset for impairment and perform a goodwill impairment assessment on an annual basis through a qualitative or quantitative assessment and when events and circumstances indicate that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit may no longer exceed its carrying value. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of intangible asset and goodwill is subjective because it requires the use of estimates and assumptions in determining a reporting unit’s fair value, as well as the fair value of the intangible asset. We calculate the fair values by using the income approach, through the discounted cash flow method and multi-period excess earnings method, based on the present value of future discounted cash flows, which requires us to use estimates and judgments about the future cash flows of the reporting unit, primarily including forecasted revenue and revenue growth rates, weighted average cost of capital, and forecasted operating cash flows. We believe the accounting estimate for impairment of intangible asset and reporting unit are critical accounting estimates because our estimates of fair values of intangible asset and reporting unit are based upon assumptions that are highly subjective, but which are inherently uncertain and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates.
79
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Reference is made to pages F-1 through F-29 comprising a portion of this annual report.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this annual report, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management evaluated, with the participation of our current chief executive officer and chief financial officer (our “Certifying Officers”), the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Certifying Officers concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. The ineffectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures was due to the existence of the material weakness identified below.
| ● | Lack of sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) reporting and compliance requirements to design, implement and operate key controls over financial reporting process to address complex technical accounting issues and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP and financial reporting requirements set forth by the SEC. |
We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
80
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined under Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 14d-14(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial reporting reliability and financial statement preparation and presentation. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls become inadequate because of changes in conditions and that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making the assessment, management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO – 2013) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on its assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
81
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Officers and Directors
The following table sets forth the names and ages of the members of our Board of Directors and our executive officers and the positions held by each. Each director’s term continues until his or her successor is elected or qualified at the next annual meeting, unless such director earlier resigns or is removed.
| Name | Age | Positions | ||
| Sumitaka Yamamoto | 59 | Chairman of Board, Chief Executive Officer and President | ||
| Kimio Hosaka | 56 | Chief Operating Officer and Director | ||
| Prakash Sadasivam | 51 | Chief Strategy Officer and Director | ||
| Hidekazu Miyata | 54 | Chief Technical Officer | ||
| Qizhi Gao | 43 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Keisuke Kuno | 49 | CX Division Vice President | ||
| Ferdinand Groenewald | 40 | Director | ||
| Heather Neville | 53 | Director | ||
| Koji Sato | 55 | Director |
Biographical information concerning our directors and executive officers listed above is set forth below.
Sumitaka Yamamoto. Mr. Yamamoto has served as our Chairman of the Board of Directors since August 16, 2021 and served as our Chief Executive Officer and President and been a member of our Board of Directors since May 18, 2021. Mr. Yamamoto is also the founder of HeartCore Co. and has served as the Chief Executive Officer and member of the Board of Directors of HeartCore Co. since June 2009. Mr. Yamamoto is a seasoned information technology software programmer. Mr. Yamamoto graduated with a bachelor’s degree in Spanish from Kansai Gaidai University, Tokyo, Japan. Mr. Yamamoto does not hold, and has not previously held, any directorships in any reporting companies. We believe that Mr. Yamamoto is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors due to his experience in all aspects of our business and his ability to provide an insider’s perspective in board discussions about the business and strategic direction of the Company. We believe that his experience gives him unique insights into our opportunities, challenges and operations.
82
Kimio Hosaka. Mr. Hosaka has served as our Chief Operating Officer and been a member of our Board of Directors since May 18, 2021. Mr. Hosaka has served as the Chief Operating Officer and member of the Board of Managers of HeartCore Co. since August 2015. Mr. Hosaka graduated with a bachelor’s degree in physics from Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan. Mr. Hosaka does not hold, and has not previously held, any directorships in any reporting companies. We believe that Mr. Hosaka is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors due to his experience in business and operations matters.
Prakash Sadasivam. Mr. Sadasivam has served as our Chief Strategy Officer and been a member of our Board of Directors since February 1, 2023. Mr. Sadasivam is a technology entrepreneur and the founder of Sigmaways. Under his leadership, Sigmaways has grown into a global organization with a diverse team of experts in various technology fields. Mr. Sadasivam completed his undergraduate studies in Computer Science and Engineering from Vellore Institute of Technology in India. He has also completed Management Development for Entrepreneurs from UCLA, Anderson School of Management. He has also been official member of Forbes Technology Council since 2020. We believe that Mr. Sadasivam is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors due to his experience in business, and technology.
Hidekazu Miyata. Mr. Miyata has served as our Chief Technical Officer since June 1, 2021. Mr. Miyata has also served as the head of the DX division of HeartCore Co. from October 1, 2019 to May 31, 2021. Mr. Miyata graduated with a bachelor’s degree in economics from Doshisha University, Japan. Mr. Miyata does not hold, and has not previously held, any directorships in any reporting companies.
Qizhi Gao. Mr. Gao has served as our Chief Financial Officer since May 18, 2021. Mr. Gao has also served as the Chief Financial Officer of HeartCore Co. since May 2017. From December 2007 through April 2017, Mr. Gao served as the Group Leader, Finance & Accounting Department at Marubishi Corporation in Tokyo, Japan. Mr. Gao graduated with a bachelor’s degree in computer accounting from Chuo College of Information and Accounting, Japan. Mr. Gao does not hold, and has not previously held, any directorships in any reporting companies.
Keisuke Kuno. Mr. Kuno has served as our CX division Vice President since October 1, 2019. Since August 30, 2021, Mr. Kuno has also served as the head of the CX division and member of the Board of Directors of HeartCore Co. Mr. Kuno graduated with a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. Mr. Kuno does not hold, and has not previously held, any directorships in any reporting companies.
Ferdinand Groenewald. Mr. Groenewald has been an independent member of our Board of Directors since January 24, 2022. From January 2022 to July 2022, Mr. Groenewald served as the Chief Accounting Officer of Sadot Group, Inc. (f/k/a Muscle Maker, Inc., a Nasdaq listed company). From September 2018 to January 2, 2022, Mr. Groenewald served as the Chief Financial Officer of Muscle Maker, Inc. From January 25, 2018 through May 29, 2018, Mr. Groenewald served as the Vice President of Finance, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer of Muscle Maker, Inc., Muscle Maker Development, LLC and Muscle Maker Corp., LLC. In addition, from October 2017 through May 29, 2018, he served as the controller of Muscle Maker, Inc. Mr. Groenewald is a certified public accountant with significant experience in finance and accounting. From July 2018 through August 2018, he served as senior financial reporting accountant of Wrinkle Gardner & Company, a full service tax, accounting and business consulting firm. From February 2017 to October 2017, Mr. Groenewald served as Senior Financial Accounting Consultant at Pharos Advisors, Inc. serving a broad range of industries. From November 2013 to February 2017, he served as a Senior Staff Accountant at Financial Consulting Strategies, LLC where he provided a broad range of accounting, financial reporting, and pre-auditing services to various industries. From August 2015 to December 2015, Mr. Groenewald served as a Financial Reporting Analyst at Valley National Bank. Mr. Groenewald holds a Bachelor of Science in accounting from the University of South Africa. Mr. Groenewald does not hold, and has not previously held, any directorships in any reporting companies.
83
Heather Neville. Ms. Neville has served as Vice President of People Operations (Human Resources) at PlayStation since January 2021. From June 2019 to January 2021, she was Senior Director of People Operations (Human Resources) at StubHub, an eBay Inc. (Nasdaq: EBAY) company, and from 2018 to 2019, Ms. Neville served as Senior Director of Go-to-Market Operations at Adobe Inc. (Nasdaq: ADBE). Prior to that time, she served as Senior Director, North American Business Operations (2017-2018) and Senior Director, Head of HR operations & Chief of Staff (2015-2017) at eBay Inc. She also previously held various positions at Dell Inc. (NYSE: DELL). Ms. Neville earned a Bachelor of Arts from Ecole Superieure de Gestion in Paris, France, and a Master of Business Administration from Paris Graduate School of Management in Paris, France. We believe that Ms. Neville is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors due to her experience in business, financial and public company matters.
Koji Sato. Mr. Sato has served as a member of our Board since September 2023. He is founder and Managing Partner of GIIP Global Advisory, Inc., a multi-country accounting and CFO service business. He has served as Managing Partner since its founding in 2009. Mr. Sato previously served as Senior Financial Officer and fund of funds manager for Japanese investors for AIFAM Inc. and as Senior Consultant at KPMG, LLP and PricewaterhouseCoopers Japan (Chuo-Aoyama Audit Corporation). Mr. Sato received a Masters in Business Administration from University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business, and a B.S. in Social Science from Hitotsubashi University in Tokyo, Japan. We believe that Mr. Sato is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors due to his experience in business, financial and accounting matters.
Our Board of Directors elects our executive officers annually by majority vote. Each director’s term continues until his or her successor is elected or qualified at the next annual meeting, unless such director earlier resigns or is removed.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
No executive officer, member of the board of directors or control person of our Company has been involved in any legal proceeding listed in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K in the past 10 years.
Board Leadership Structure and Board’s Role in Risk Oversight
We have not separated the positions of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Yamamoto has served as our Chairman of the Board of Directors since August 16, 2021 and Chief Executive Officer since May 18, 2021. We believe that combining the positions of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer allows for focused leadership of our organization which benefits us in our relationships with investors, customers, suppliers, employees and other constituencies. We believe that consolidating the leadership of the Company under Mr. Yamamoto is the appropriate leadership structure for our Company and that any risks inherent in that structure are balanced by the oversight of our other independent directors on our Board. However, no single leadership model is right for all companies and at all times. The Board recognizes that depending on the circumstances, other leadership models, such as the appointment of a lead independent director, might be appropriate. Accordingly, the Board may periodically review its leadership structure. In addition, our Board holds executive sessions in which only independent directors are present.
Our Board is generally responsible for the oversight of corporate risk in its review and deliberations relating to our activities. Our principal source of risk falls into two categories, financial and product commercialization. The audit committee oversees management of financial risks, and our Board regularly reviews information regarding our cash position, liquidity and operations, as well as the risks associated with each. The Board regularly reviews plans, results and potential risks related to our business. The Board is also expected to oversee risk management as it relates to our compensation plans, policies and practices for all employees including executives and directors, particularly whether our compensation programs may create incentives for our employees to take excessive or inappropriate risks which could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
84
Change in Controlled Company Status and Director Independence
Upon initially listing with Nasdaq and during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the Company qualified as a “controlled company” because more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors was held by Mr. Yamamoto, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President. As a result of certain sales under the Company’s previously announced at-the-market offering, Mr. Yamamoto no longer holds more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors and therefore, the Company no longer qualifies as a “controlled company.” As a result, the Company is required, subject to phase-in rules, to comply with Nasdaq requirements that:
| ● | a majority of the Board consist of “independent directors” as defined by Nasdaq’s applicable rules and regulations; | |
| ● | the compensation of the Company’s executive officers be determined, or recommended to the Board of Directors for determination, by independent directors constituting a majority of the independent directors of the Board in a vote in which only independent directors participate or by a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors; and | |
| ● | director nominees be selected, or recommended to the Board of Directors for selection, by independent directors constituting a majority of the independent directors of the Board in a vote in which only independent directors participate or by a nomination committee comprised solely of independent directors. |
The Company previously availed itself of certain of the controlled company exemptions. More specifically, the Company did not have a compensation committee or a nominating and corporate governance committee.
We no longer qualify as a controlled company and accordingly, on February 14, 2025, we formed a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee; however, we currently utilize and presently intend to continue to utilize, the exemption relating to a majority independent board. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq Capital Market. Pursuant to Nasdaq’s phase-in rules, we have a period of one year from the date on which we ceased to be a controlled company to comply with the majority independent board.
The Company’s Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that three of its six directors (Ferdinand Groenewald, Heather Neville, and Koji Sato) are independent directors of the Company within the meaning of Nasdaq Capital Market’s rules.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors has established three standing committees—the audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and corporate governance committee—each of which operates under a charter that has been approved by our Board of Directors.
Audit Committee
We have established an audit committee, which consists of three independent directors: Ferdinand Groenewald, Heather Neville and Koji Sato. Mr. Groenewald is the chair of the audit committee. Mr. Groenewald qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” under SEC rules. Our audit committee adopted a written charter, a copy of which is posted on the Corporate Governance section of our website, at www.heartcore.co.jp.
Our audit committee is authorized to:
| ● | approve and retain the independent auditors to conduct the annual audit of our financial statements; | |
| ● | review the proposed scope and results of the audit; | |
| ● | review and pre-approve audit and non-audit fees and services; | |
| ● | review accounting and financial controls with the independent auditors and our financial and accounting staff; | |
| ● | review and approve transactions between us and our directors, officers and affiliates; | |
| ● | recognize and prevent prohibited non-audit services; |
| ● | establish procedures for complaints received by us regarding accounting matters; and | |
| ● | oversee internal audit functions, if any. |
85
Compensation Committee
Because we were a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq Capital Market, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, we were not required to, and did not, have a compensation committee. We no longer qualify as a controlled company and accordingly, on February 14, 2025, we formed a compensation committee. The compensation committee is comprised of three independent directors: Ferdinand Groenewald, Heather Neville and Koji Sato, with Ms. Neville as the Chair of the compensation committee.
Our compensation committee assists our Board of Directors in the discharge of its responsibilities relating to the compensation of our executive officers. Our compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:
| ● | To review and approve the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer and to approve the compensation of all other executive officers. | |
| ● | To review, and approve and, when appropriate, recommend to the Board for approval, any employment agreements and any severance arrangements or plans, including any benefits to be provided in connection with a change in control, for the CEO and other executive officers, which includes the ability to adopt, amend and terminate such agreements, arrangements or plans. | |
| ● | To review our incentive compensation arrangements. | |
| ● | To review and recommend to the Board for approval the frequency with which we will conduct Say on Pay Votes. | |
| ● | To review director compensation for service on the Board and Board committees at least once a year and to recommend any changes to the Board. | |
| ● | To meet at least two times a year. | |
| ● | To review the compensation committee charter at least annually and recommend any proposed changes to the Board for approval. |
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Because we were a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq Capital Market, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, we were not required to, and did not, have a nominating and corporate governance committee. We no longer qualify as a controlled company and accordingly, on February 14, 2025, we formed a nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee is comprised of three independent directors: Ferdinand Groenewald, Heather Neville and Koji Sato, with Mr. Sato as the Chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee.
Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:
| ● | To determine the qualifications, qualities, skills, and other expertise required to be a director and to develop, and recommend to the Board for its approval, criteria to be considered in selecting nominees for director. | |
| ● | To select and approve the nominees for director to be submitted to a stockholder vote at the annual meeting of stockholders. | |
| ● | To review the Board’s committee structure and composition and to appoint directors to serve as members of each committee and committee chairmen. | |
| ● | To develop and recommend to the Board for approval standards for determining whether a director has a relationship with us that would impair its independence. | |
| ● | To review and discuss with management the disclosure regarding the operations of the nominating and corporate governance committee and director independence, and to recommend that this disclosure be included in our proxy statement or annual report on Form 10-K, as applicable. | |
| ● | To monitor compliance with our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (the “Code of Ethics”), to investigate any alleged breach or violation of the Code of Ethics and to enforce the provisions of the Code of Ethics. | |
| ● | To meet at least two times a year. | |
| ● | To review the nominating and corporate governance committee charter at least annually and recommend any proposed changes to the Board for approval |
86
Procedures for Contacting the Board
The Board has established a process for stockholders and other interested parties to send written communications to the Board, the independent directors, a particular committee or to individual directors, as applicable. Such communications should be addressed to:
HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. Board of Directors
c/o HeartCore Enterprises, Inc.
Attention: Corporate Secretary
1-2-33, Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku
Tokyo, Japan
The Board has instructed the Corporate Secretary to promptly forward all communications so received to the full Board, the independent directors or the individual Board member(s) specifically addressed in the communication. Comments or questions regarding our accounting, internal controls or auditing matters, our compensation and benefit programs, or the nomination of directors and other corporate governance matters will remain with the full Board.
Depending on the subject matter, the Company’s Corporate Secretary will:
| ● | Forward the communication to the director or directors to whom it is addressed; | |
| ● | Attempt to handle the inquiry directly, for example, where it is a request for information about our Company or if it is a stock-related matter; or | |
| ● | Not forward the communication if it is primarily commercial in nature or if it relates to a topic that is not relevant to the Board or a particular committee or is otherwise improper. |
Procedures for Recommending, Nominating and Evaluating Director Candidates
A stockholder may nominate one or more persons for election as a director at an annual meeting of stockholders if the stockholder complies with the notice and information provisions contained in our bylaws. Such notice must be in writing to our company not less than 90 days and not more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders or as otherwise required by requirements of the Exchange Act. In addition, stockholders furnishing such notice must be a holder of record on both (i) the date of delivering such notice and (ii) the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting.
We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, the Board of Directors considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and the ability to represent the best interests of our stockholders.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers serve on the board of directors or compensation committee of a company that has an executive officer that serves on our board or compensation committee. No member of our board is an executive officer of a company in which one of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of that company.
Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to all of its directors, officers (including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and any person performing similar functions) and employees. The Code of Ethics and Business Conduct is available on our website at www.heartcore.co.jp.
87
We are required to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our code of ethics applicable to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller, or persons performing similar functions. We intend to use our website as a method of disseminating this disclosure, as permitted by applicable SEC rules. Any such disclosure will be posted to our website within four business days following the date of any such amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our code of ethics.
Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies
We have
Anti-Hedging Policy
Under the terms of our insider trading policy, we prohibit each officer, director and employee, and each of their family members and controlled entities, from engaging in certain forms of hedging or monetization transactions. Such transactions include those, such as zero-cost collars and forward sale contracts, that would allow them to lock in much of the value of their stock holdings, often in exchange for all or part of the potential for upside appreciation in the stock, and to continue to own the covered securities but without the full risks and rewards of ownership.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Under U.S. securities laws, directors, certain officers and persons holding more than 10% of our common stock must report their initial ownership of our common stock and any changes in their ownership to the SEC. The SEC has designated specific due dates for these reports and we must identify in this Report on Form 10-K those persons who did not file these reports when due. Based solely on our review of copies of the reports filed with the SEC and the written representations of our directors and executive officers, we believe that all reporting requirements for fiscal year 2024 were complied with by each person who at any time during the 2024 fiscal year was a director or an executive officer or held more than 10% of our common stock, except for the following: Mr. Yamamoto failed to timely file a Form 4 relating to two transactions, and each of Messrs. Gao, Kuno and Hosaka failed to timely file a Form 4 relating to one transaction.
Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Our certificate of incorporation provides that our officers and directors will be indemnified by us to the fullest extent authorized by Delaware law, as it now exists or may in the future be amended. In addition, our certificate of incorporation provides that our directors will not be personally liable for monetary damages to us for breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
On June 1, 2023, the Company entered into a Director Agreement with Heather Neville, and this Director Agreement was converted into an Independent Director Agreement on November 1, 2023. On September 29, 2023 the Company entered into an Independent Director Agreement as well as an Indemnification Agreement with Koji Sato. Previously, Ferdinand Groenewald entered into an indemnification agreement with the Company. Each director agreement and indemnification agreement provides, among other things, for indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws against any and all expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement of any claim. The indemnification agreements provide for the advancement or payment of all expenses to the indemnitee and for reimbursement to us if it is found that such indemnitee is not entitled to such indemnification under applicable law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws.
Our certificate of incorporation also permits us to maintain insurance on behalf of any officer, director or employee for any liability arising out of his or her actions, regardless of whether Delaware law would permit such indemnification. We have purchased a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures our officers and directors against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances and insures us against our obligations to indemnify our officers and directors.
These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
We believe that these provisions and the insurance are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced officers and directors.
Any repeal or amendment of provisions of our certificate of incorporation affecting indemnification rights, whether by our board of directors, stockholders or by changes in applicable law, or the adoption of any other provisions inconsistent therewith, will (unless otherwise required by law) be prospective only, except to the extent such amendment or change in law permits us to provide broader indemnification rights on a retroactive basis, and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing thereunder with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision.
88
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the provisions described above, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than our payment of expenses incurred or paid by our director, officer or controlling person in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
2024 Summary Compensation Table
The following summary compensation table provides information regarding the compensation paid during our fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 to certain of our executive officers, who we collectively refer to as our “named executive officers”, or “NEOs”.
| Name and Position | Year | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Stock Awards ($) | Option Awards ($) | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) | Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sumitaka Yamamoto | 2024 | $ | 505,714 | — | $ | 34,917 | $ | — | — | — | $ | — | $ | 540,631 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | 2023 | $ | 525,102 | — | — | $ | — | — | — | $ | — | $ | 525,102 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prakash Sadasivam | 2024 | $ | 286,833 | — | — | $ | — | — | — | $ | — | $ | 286,833 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Strategy Officer and Director | 2023 | $ | 316,000 | — | — | $ | — | — | — | $ | — | $ | 316,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kimio Hosaka | 2024 | $ | 139,714 | — | $ | 6,316 | $ | — | — | — | $ | — | $ | 146,030 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Operating Officer | 2023 | $ | 159,102 | — | — | $ | — | — | — | $ | — | $ | 159,102 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
89
Employment Agreements
Executive Employment Agreement with Sumitaka Yamamoto
On October 28, 2022, we entered in an Amendment Agreement to the Executive Employment Agreement dated as of February 9, 2022. Pursuant to the Amendment Agreement, Mr. Yamamoto’s annual salary increased from $381,000 to $450,000, effective November 1, 2022.
Executive Employment Agreement with Kimio Hosaka
On January 10, 2023, we entered in an Amendment Agreement to the Executive Employment Agreement dated as of February 9, 2022. Pursuant to the Amendment Agreement, Mr. Hosaka’s annual salary increased from $95,459 to $164,770, effective January 1, 2023.
Employment Agreement with Prakash Sadasivam
On February 1, 2023, we entered into an Employment Agreement with Prakash Sadasivam whereby Mr. Sadasivam serves as our Chief Strategy Officer. Mr. Sadasivam’s annual salary is $96,000.
Provisions Applicable to All Employment Agreements
Each of the Employment Agreements as described above, has an initial term of one year, provided that the term of each agreement will automatically be extended for one or more additional terms of one year each unless either the Company or applicable executive provides notice to the other of their desire to not so renew the initial term or renewal term (as applicable) at least 30 days prior to the expiration of then-current initial term or renewal term (as applicable). Each of the agreements provide that the applicable executive’s employment with the Company shall be “at will,” meaning that either applicable executive or the Company may terminate the applicable executive’s employment at any time and for any reason, subject to the other provisions of the agreement.
Each of the agreements may be terminated by the Company, either with or without “Cause”, or by the applicable executive, either with or without “Good Reason”.
90
For purposes of each agreement, “Cause” means:
| ● | a violation of any material written rule or policy of the Company for which violation any employee may be terminated pursuant to the written policies of the Company reasonably applicable to an executive employee; |
| ● | misconduct by the applicable executive to the material detriment of the Company; |
| ● | the applicable executive’s conviction (by a court of competent jurisdiction, not subject to further appeal) of, or pleading guilty to, a felony; |
| ● | the applicable executive’s gross negligence in the performance of the applicable executive’s duties and responsibilities to the Company as described in this Agreement; or |
| ● | the applicable executive’s material failure to perform the applicable executive’s duties and responsibilities to the Company as described in the agreement (other than any such failure resulting from the applicable executive’s incapacity due to physical or mental illness or any such failure subsequent to the applicable executive being delivered a notice of termination without Cause by the Company or delivering a notice of termination for Good Reason to the Company), in either case after written notice from the Board to the applicable executive of the specific nature of such material failure and the applicable executive’s failure to cure such material failure within 10 days following receipt of such notice. |
For purposes of each agreement, “Good Reason” means:
| ● | at any time following a Change of Control (as defined below), a material diminution by the Company of compensation and benefits (taken as a whole) provided to the applicable executive immediately prior to a Change of Control; |
| ● | a reduction in base salary or target or maximum bonus, other than as part of an across-the-board reduction in salaries of management personnel; |
| ● | the relocation of the applicable executive’s principal executive office to a location more than 50 miles further from the applicable executive’s principal executive office immediately prior to such relocation; or |
| ● | a material breach by the Company of any of the terms and conditions of the agreement which the Company fails to correct within 10 days after the Company receives written notice from the applicable executive of such violation. |
For purposes of each agreement a “Change of Control” of the Company will be deemed to have occurred if, after the effective date of the applicable agreement, (i) the beneficial ownership (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of securities representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company is acquired by any “person” as defined in sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act (other than the Company, any subsidiary of the Company, or any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company), (ii) the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another corporation where the shareholders of the Company, immediately prior to the consolidation or merger, would not, immediately after the consolidation or merger, beneficially own (as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, shares representing in the aggregate 50% or more of the combined voting power of the securities of the corporation issuing cash or securities in the consolidation or merger (or of its ultimate parent corporation, if any) in substantially the same proportion as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to such merger or consolidation, or (iii) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to an entity, other than a sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to an entity, at least 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned directly or indirectly by shareholders of the Company, immediately prior to the sale or disposition, in substantially the same proportion as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to such sale or disposition.
91
In the event that the Company terminates the term of the applicable agreement or the applicable executive’s employment with Cause, or if the applicable executive terminates their agreement without good reason, then, subject to any other agreements between the company with respect to other equity grants made to such executive:
| ● | the Company will pay to the applicable executive any unpaid base salary and benefits then owed or accrued, and any unreimbursed expenses; |
| ● | any unvested portion of any equity granted to the applicable executive under the applicable agreement or any other agreements with the Company will immediately be forfeited; and |
| ● | all of the parties’ rights and obligations under the agreement will cease, other than those rights or obligations which arose prior to the termination date or in connection with such termination, and subject to the survival provisions of the agreements. |
In the event that the Company terminates the term of the applicable agreement or the applicable executive’s employment without Cause, or if the applicable executive terminates their agreement with good reason, then, subject to any other agreements between the company with respect to other equity grants made to such executive:
| ● | the Company will pay to the applicable executive any base salary, bonuses, and benefits then owed or accrued, and any unreimbursed expenses; |
| ● | the Company will pay to the applicable executive, in one lump sum, an amount equal to the base salary that would have been paid to the applicable executive for the remainder of the initial term of the applicable agreement (if the termination occurs during the initial term of the applicable agreement) or renewal term of the applicable agreement (if the termination occurs during a renewal term of the applicable agreement); |
| ● | any unvested portion of any equity granted to the applicable executive under the applicable agreement or any other agreements with the Company will, to the extent not already vested, be deemed automatically vested; and |
| ● | all of the parties’ rights and obligations under the agreement will cease, other than those rights or obligations which arose prior to the termination date or in connection with such termination, and subject to the survival provisions of the agreements. |
In the event of the applicable executive’s death or total disability during the term of the applicable agreement, the term of the applicable agreement and the applicable executive’s employment shall terminate on the date of death or total disability. In the event of such termination, the Company’s sole obligations hereunder to the applicable executive (or the applicable executive’s estate) shall be for unpaid base salary, accrued but unpaid bonus and benefits (then owed or accrued and owed in the future), a pro-rata bonus for the year of termination based on the applicable executive’s target bonus for such year and the portion of such year in which the applicable executive was employed, and reimbursement of expenses pursuant to the terms hereon through the effective date of termination, and any unvested portion of any equity granted to the applicable executive under the applicable agreement or any other agreements with the Company will immediately be forfeited as of the termination date.
In the event that the term of the applicable agreement is not renewed by either party, any unvested portion of any equity granted to the applicable executive under the applicable agreement or any other agreements with the Company will immediately be forfeited as of the expiration of the term of the applicable agreement without any further action of the parties.
If it is determined that any payment provided to the applicable executive under the applicable agreement or otherwise, whether or not in connection with a Change of Control (a “Payment”), would constitute an “excess parachute payment” within the meaning of section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), such that the Payment would be subject to an excise tax under section 4999 of the Code (the “Excise Tax”), the Company will pay to the applicable executive an additional amount (the “Gross-Up Payment”) such that the net amount of the Gross-Up Payment retained by the applicable executive after the payment of any Excise Tax and any federal, state and local income and employment tax on the Gross-Up Payment, shall be equal to the Excise Tax due on the Payment and any interest and penalties in respect of such Excise Tax.
92
During the term of the applicable agreement, the applicable executive is entitled to fringe benefits consistent with the practices of the Company, and to the extent the Company provides similar benefits to the Company’s executive officers, and is entitled to reimbursement for all reasonable and necessary out-of-pocket business, entertainment and travel expenses incurred by the applicable executive in connection with the performance of the applicable executive’s duties hereunder and in accordance with the Company’s expense reimbursement policies and procedures.
Each of the agreements provides that, during the term of the applicable agreement, the applicable executive will be entitled to indemnification and insurance coverage for officers’ liability, fiduciary liability and other liabilities arising out of the applicable executive’s position with the Company in any capacity, in an amount not less than the highest amount available to any other executive, and such coverage and protections, with respect to the various liabilities as to which the applicable executive has been customarily indemnified prior to termination of employment, shall continue for at least six years following the end of the term of the applicable agreement. Any indemnification agreement entered into between the Company and the applicable executive shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with its terms following the termination of the applicable.
Each of the employment agreements contains customary confidentiality provisions, and customary provisions related to Company ownership of intellectual property conceived or made by the applicable executive in connection with the performance of their duties under the applicable agreement (i.e., a “work-made-for-hire” provision).
Each of the agreements contains a non-compete provision which provides that, for the term of the applicable agreement and for a period of two years thereafter, the applicable executive shall not, directly or indirectly: (i) engage in any other business, association or relationship of any kind with any business which provides, in whole or in part, the same or similar services and/or products offered by the which directly or indirectly competes with Company; nor (ii) solicit or accept, or induce any person or entity to reduce goods or services to Company, or in any manner assist others in the solicitation, acceptance, or inducement of, any business transactions with Company’s existing and prospective clients, accounts, suppliers and/or other persons or entities with whom the Company has had business relationships (or whom Company had specifically identified for a prospective business relationship). These restrictions extend to the geographic area in which Company actively conducted business immediately prior to termination of the applicable agreement.
Each of the agreements also contains a customary non-solicitation provision, in which the applicable executive agrees that, for the term of the applicable agreement and for a period of three years thereafter, the applicable executive will not, directly or indirectly solicit or discuss with any employee of Company the employment of such Company employee by any other commercial enterprise other than Company, nor recruit, attempt to recruit, hire or attempt to hire any such Company employee on behalf of any commercial enterprise other than Company, provided that this provision does not prohibit the applicable executive from undertaking a general recruitment advertisement provided that the foregoing is not targeted towards any person or entity identified above, or from hiring, employing or engaging any such person or entity who responds to such general recruitment advertisement.
Due to the application of various states’ laws, there is no assurance that the non-compete provisions or the non-solicitation provisions as set forth in each of the agreements will be enforced. Each of the agreements contains a “blue pencil” provision that, in the event that a court determines that any of these restrictions are unenforceable, the parties to the agreement agreed that it is their desire that the court substitute an enforceable restriction in place of any restriction deemed unenforceable, and that the substitute restriction be deemed incorporated in the agreement and enforceable against the applicable executive.
Each of the agreements contains customary representations and warranties by the applicable executive, relating to the agreement, and any securities of the Company that may be issued to the executive, and contains other customary miscellaneous provisions relating to waivers, assignments, third party rights, survival of provisions following termination, severability, notices, waiver of jury trials and other provisions.
Each of the agreements is governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of such state, without giving effect to the choice of law provisions of such state. Each of the agreements provide that all legal proceedings concerning the applicable agreement will be in the state and federal courts sitting in Santa Clara County, California, provided that each agreement also includes a provision relating to any disputes being settled by arbitration.
93
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth information on outstanding options and stock awards held by the executive officers as of December 31, 2024.
| Option Awards | Stock Awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable | Option Exercise Price ($) | Option Expiration Date | Number of Shares or Units Of Stock that Have Not Vested (#) | Market Value Per Share Of Shares Or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sumitaka Yamamoto | - | - | $ | - | - | 22,860 | 1.815 | |||||||||||||||||
| Kimio Hosaka | 75,000 | 25,000 | $ | 2.5 | 12/25/2031 | 5,729 | 1.815 | |||||||||||||||||
Additional Narrative Disclosure
Retirement Benefits
We have not maintained, and do not currently maintain, a defined benefit pension plan, nonqualified deferred compensation plan, or other retirement benefits.
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control
As described under “ Employment Agreements” above, each of the executives with whom the Company has entered into employment agreements are entitled severance if their employment is terminated by the Company without “Cause” or is terminated by the applicable executive with “Good Reason”, in each case as described above.
Policies and Practices Related to the Grant of Certain Equity Awards Close in Time to the Release of Material Nonpublic Information
We do not have any formal policy that requires us to grant, or avoid granting, stock options at particular times. Consistent with its annual compensation cycle, if options are to be granted, the Compensation Committee generally seeks to grant annual stock option awards after its Annual Report on Form 10-K has been filed. The timing of any stock option grants in connection with new hires, promotions, or other non-routine grants is tied to the event giving rise to the award (such as an employee’s commencement of employment or promotion effective date). As a result, in all cases, the timing of grants of stock options occurs independent of the release of any material nonpublic information, and we do not time the disclosure of material nonpublic information for the purpose of affecting the value of executive compensation.
No stock options were issued to executive officers in 2024 during any period beginning four business days before the filing of a periodic report or current report disclosing material non-public information and ending one business day after the filing or furnishing of such report with the SEC.
Director Compensation
Other than as set forth in the table and described more fully below, we did not pay any compensation or make any equity awards or non-equity awards to any of our non-employee directors during fiscal year 2024.
Non-employee Board members received $50,000 for their service on our Board of Directors. In addition, in exchange for their service on the Audit Committee, the Chair of the Audit Committee receives an additional $7,000 annually, and the other Audit Committee members receives an additional $4,000 annually. In exchange for their service on the Compensation Committee, the Chair of the Compensation Committee receives an additional $7,000 annually, and the other Compensation Committee members receive an additional $4,000 annually. In exchange for their service on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, the Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee receives an additional $6,000 annually, and the other Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee members receive an additional $3,000 annually.
94
Directors may be reimbursed for travel and other expenses directly related to their activities as directors. Directors who also serve as employees receive no additional compensation for their service as directors. During fiscal year 2024, each of Sumitaka Yamamoto, our Chief Executive Officer, Kimio Hosaka, our Chief Operating Officer, and Prakash Sadasivam, our Chief Strategy Officer, was a member of our board of directors, as well as an employee, and received no additional compensation for their services as a director. See the section titled “Executive Compensation” for more information about the compensation for these individuals for fiscal year 2024.
The following table presents the total compensation for each person who served as a non-employee director of the Company during fiscal year 2024.
| Name | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($) | |||||||||
| Ferdinand Groenewald | 57,000 | - | 57,000 | |||||||||
| Heather Marie Neville | 54,000 | - | 54,000 | |||||||||
| Koji Sato | 54,000 | - | 54,000 | |||||||||
Independent Director Agreements
On June 1, 2023, Heather Marie Neville entered into a Director Agreement, and on November 1, 2023, Ms. Neville entered into an Independent Director Agreement. On September 29, 2023, Koji Sato entered into an Independent Director Agreement. Previously, Ferdinand Groenewald entered into the Company’s form of Independent Director Agreement.
The Independent Director Agreements provide that each non-employee director will be compensated as follows:
| ● | Each director will be paid the sum of $50,000 annually for director’s service as a director of the Company, to be paid $12,500 each calendar quarter, payable within five business days of the end of each calendar quarter, and with such amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated. |
| ● | Each director shall be paid $4,000 annually for service as a member of the Audit Committee and an additional sum of $3,000 annually for service as the Chairman of the Audit Committee, with each of these payments to be paid quarterly in equal portions, within five business days of the end of each calendar quarter, and with any amount for any partial calendar quarter being appropriately prorated. |
The Independent Director Agreements contain additional terms. During the term of the applicable director agreement, the Company will reimburse the applicable director for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the applicable director in attending any in-person meetings, provided that the applicable director complies with the generally applicable policies, practices and procedures of the Company for submission of expense reports, receipts or similar documentation of such expenses. Any reimbursements for allocated expenses (as compared to out-of-pocket expenses of the applicable director in excess of $500) must be approved in advance by the Company.
Each of the agreements contains customary confidentiality provisions, and customary provisions related to Company ownership of intellectual property conceived or made by the applicable director in connection with the performance of their duties under the applicable agreement (i.e., a “work-made-for-hire” provision).
Each of the agreements provide that, during the term (which continues as long as the applicable director is serving as a director of the Company), the applicable director is be entitled to indemnification and insurance coverage for officers’ liability, fiduciary liability and other liabilities arising out of the applicable director’s position with the Company in any capacity, in an amount not less than the highest amount available to any other director, and such coverage and protections, with respect to the various liabilities as to which the applicable director has been customarily indemnified prior to termination of employment, shall continue for at least six years following the end of the term. Any indemnification agreement entered into between the Company and the applicable director will continue in full force and effect in accordance with its terms following the termination of the applicable agreement.
95
Each of the agreements contains customary representations and warranties by the applicable director, relating to the agreement, and contains other customary miscellaneous provisions relating to waivers, assignments, third party rights, survival of provisions following termination, severability, notices, waiver of jury trials and other provisions.
Each of the agreements is governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of such state, without giving effect to the choice of law provisions of such state. Each of the agreements provide that all legal proceedings concerning the applicable agreement will be in the state and federal courts sitting in Santa Clara County, California, provided that each agreement also includes a provision relating to any disputes being settled by arbitration.
2023 Equity Incentive Plan
On August 1, 2023, the Board approved, and proposed for stockholder approval, the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”). The shareholders approved the 2023 Plan at the Annual Shareholder’s meeting on September 29, 2023. The 2023 Plan provides for various stock-based incentive awards, including incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and other equity-based or cash-based awards. As of December 31, 2024, there were 1,930,347 shares available for award under the 2023 Plan.
Highlights of the 2023 Plan are as follows:
| ● | The Board or a committee of the Board will administer the 2023 Plan. | |
| ● | The total number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2023 Plan is 2,000,000 shares, or approximately 9.60% of the common stock outstanding at the time of approval. | |
| ● | No non-employee director may be granted awards under the 2023 Plan during any calendar year if such awards would exceed a total value of $300,000 (calculated in accordance with the terms of the 2023 Plan). | |
| ● | The exercise price of options and SARs may not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. | |
| ● | In addition to other vesting requirements, the administrator may condition the vesting of awards on the achievement of specific performance targets. |
Material features of the 2023 Plan are set forth below.
Term
The 2023 Plan is effective August 1, 2023 and will terminate on August 1, 2033, unless the Board terminates it earlier.
Purpose
The purpose of the 2023 Plan is to provide a means through with the Company and its subsidiaries may attract and retain key personnel, and to provide a means whereby directors, officer, employees, consultants, and advisors of the Company and its subsidiaries can acquire and maintain an equity interest in the Company, or be paid incentive compensation, thereby strengthening their commitment to the welfare of the Company and its subsidiaries and aligning their interests with those of the Company’s stockholders.
96
Administration
Pursuant to the terms of the 2023 Plan, the Board or a committee of the Board shall administer the 2023 Plan. The administrator will have the authority to, among other things, (i) determine fair market value under the 2023 Plan; (ii) select the service providers to whom awards may be granted; (iii) determine the number of shares to be covered by each award granted under the 2023 Plan; (iv) approve forms of award agreements for use under the 2023 Plan; (v) determine the terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the 2023 Plan, of any award, with such terms and conditions including, but not being limited to, the exercise price, the time or times when awards may be exercised (which may be based on performance criteria), any vesting acceleration or waiver of forfeiture restrictions, and any restriction or limitation regarding any award or the shares relating thereto, based in each case on such factors as the administrator will determine; (vi) determine whether an award will be settled in shares, cash, other property or in any combination thereof; (vii) construe and interpret the terms of the 2023 Plan and awards granted pursuant to the 2023 Plan; (viii) prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the 2023 Plan, including rules and regulations relating to sub-plans; (ix) modify or amend awards; (x) correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the 2023 Plan or any award agreement and make all other determinations and take such other actions with respect to the 2023 Plan or any award as the administrator may deem advisable to the extent not inconsistent with the provisions of the 2023 Plan or applicable law; and (xi) make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable for administering the 2023 Plan.
The administrator will have the discretion to select particular performance targets in connection with awards under the 2023 Plan.
Eligibility
Employees, directors and consultants (except those performing services in connection with the offer or sale of the Company’s securities in a capital raising transaction, or promoting or maintaining a market for the Company’s securities) of the Company or its subsidiaries will be eligible to receive awards under the 2023 Plan. ISOs may only be granted to employees.
Grants
The administrator may, from time to time, grant awards under the 2023 Plan to one or more eligible participants. All awards will vest and become exercisable in such manner and on such date or dates or upon such event or events as determined by the administrator and as set forth in any applicable award agreement, including, without limitation, attainment of performance targets, consistent with the terms of the 2023 Plan.
Maximum Shares Available
Subject to the provisions of the 2023 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be subject to awards and sold under the 2023 Plan is 2,000,000. The shares may be authorized but unissued, or reacquired common stock. If an award expires or becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full, is surrendered pursuant to an exchange program, or, with respect to restricted stock, RSUs, performance units or performance shares, is forfeited to or repurchased by the Company due to the failure to vest, the unpurchased shares (or for awards other than options or SARs, the forfeited or repurchased shares) which were subject thereto will become available for future grant or sale under the 2023 Plan (unless the 2023 Plan has terminated).
Adjustments
In the event that any dividend or other distribution, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, repurchase, or exchange of shares or other securities of the Company, or other change in the corporate structure of the Company affecting the Company’s common stock occurs, the administrator, in order to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the 2023 Plan, will adjust the number and class of shares of stock that may be delivered under the 2023 Plan and/or the number, class, and price of shares of stock covered by each outstanding award, and the numerical share limits provided in the 2023 Plan.
Stock Options
The administrator may grant options to purchase shares of common stock under the 2023 Plan to eligible participants for such numbers of shares and having such terms as the administrator designates and consistent with the 2023 Plan. However, ISOs may only be granted to employees of the Company or its subsidiaries. The administrator will also determine the type of option granted (e.g., ISO) or a combination of various types of options. Each option granted under the 2023 Plan will be evidenced by an award agreement.
97
The exercise price for an option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option is granted; provided, however, that in the case of an ISO granted to an employee who, at the time of the grant, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any subsidiary, the exercise price will be no less than 110% of the fair market value on the grant date.
The term of each option will be stated in the applicable award agreement. In the case of an ISO, the term will be no more than 10 years from the date of grant. In the case of an ISO granted to a participant who, at the time the ISO is granted, owns stock representing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any parent or subsidiary, the term of the ISO will be five years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the award agreement.
Stock Appreciation Rights
The administrator may grant SARs under the 2023 Plan to eligible participants having such terms as the administrator designates and consistent with the 2023 Plan. Each SAR granted under the 2023 Plan will be evidenced by a SAR agreement. The exercise price for a SAR may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the SAR is granted.
Restricted Stock
The administrator may grant shares of restricted stock under the 2023 Plan to eligible participants in such amounts and upon such terms as the administrator determines and consistent with the 2023 Plan.
Except as provided in the 2023 Plan or as the administrator determines, shares of restricted stock may not be sold, transferred, pledged, assigned, or otherwise alienated or hypothecated until the end of the applicable period of restriction. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may impose such other restrictions on shares of restricted stock as it may deem advisable or appropriate. Except as otherwise provided in the 2023 Plan, shares of restricted stock will be released from escrow as soon as practicable after the last day of the period of restriction or at such other time as the administrator may determine. The administrator, in its discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed.
During the period of restriction, grantees holding shares of restricted stock granted under the 2023 Plan may exercise full voting rights with respect to those shares, unless the administrator determines otherwise. During the period of restriction, grantees holding shares of restricted stock will be entitled to receive all dividends and other distributions paid with respect to such shares, unless the administrator provides otherwise. If any such dividends or distributions are paid in shares of common stock, the shares will be subject to the same restrictions on transferability and forfeitability as the shares of restricted stock with respect to which they were paid.
On the date set forth in the award agreement, the restricted stock for which restrictions have not lapsed will revert to the Company and again will become available for grant under the 2023 Plan.
Restricted Stock Units
The administrator may grant RSUs under the 2023 Plan to eligible participants in such amounts and upon such terms as the administrator determines and consistent with the 2023 Plan. The administrator will set vesting criteria in its discretion, which, depending on the extent to which the criteria are met, will determine the number of RSUs that will be paid out to the grantee. The administrator may set vesting criteria based upon the achievement of Company-wide, divisional, business unit, or individual goals (including, but not limited to, continued employment or service), applicable federal or state securities laws, or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion.
Upon meeting the applicable vesting criteria, the grantee will be entitled to receive a payout as determined by the administrator or as set forth in the applicable award agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time after the grant of RSUs, the administrator, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive any vesting criteria that must be met to receive a payout. Payment of earned RSUs will be made as soon as practicable after the date(s) determined by the administrator and set forth in the award agreement. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may settle earned RSUs in cash, shares of common stock, or a combination of both.
98
Grantees will have no voting rights with respect to shares of common stock represented by RSUs until the date of the issuance of such shares. However, the administrator, in its discretion, may provide in the applicable award agreement that the grantee will be entitled to dividend equivalent rights with respect to the payment of cash dividends on common stock during the period beginning on the date such award is granted and ending, with respect to each share subject to the award, on the earlier of the date the award is settled or the date on which it is terminated. Dividend equivalent rights, if any, shall be paid by crediting the grantee with a cash amount or with additional whole RSUs as of the date of payment of such cash dividends on common stock, as determined by the administrator. The number of additional RSUs (rounded to the nearest whole number), if any, to be credited shall be determined by dividing (a) the amount of cash dividends paid on the dividend payment date with respect to the number of shares of common stock represented by the RSUs previously credited to the grantee by (b) the fair market value per share of common stock on such date. Such cash amount or additional RSUs will be subject to the same terms and conditions and will be settled in the same manner and at the same time as the RSUs originally subject to the RSU award. In the event of a dividend or distribution paid in shares of common stock or other property or any other adjustment made upon a change in the capital structure of the Company as provided in the 2023 Plan, appropriate adjustments will be made in the grantee’s RSU award so that it represents the right to receive upon settlement any and all new, substituted or additional securities or other property (other than regular, periodic cash dividends) to which the grantee would be entitled by reason of the shares of common stock issuable upon settlement of the award, and all such new, substituted or additional securities or other property shall be immediately subject to the same vesting conditions as are applicable to the award.
On the date set forth in the award agreement, all unearned RSUs will be forfeited to the Company.
Performance Units and Performance Shares
Performance awards may be granted to eligible participants at any time and from time to time, as will be determined by the Administrator, in its sole discretion. Each performance unit will have an initial value that is established by the administrator on or before the date of grant. Each performance share will have an initial value equal to the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant.
The administrator will set performance objectives or other vesting provisions in its discretion which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the number or value of performance units/shares that will be paid out to the grantees. Each performance award will be evidenced by an award agreement that will specify the performance period, and such other terms and conditions as the administrator, in its sole discretion, will determine.
The administrator may set performance objectives based upon the achievement of Company-wide, divisional, business unit or individual goals (including, but not limited to, continued employment or service), applicable federal or state securities laws, or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion (“Performance Goals”). Performance Goals shall be established by the administrator on the basis of targets to be attained (“Performance Targets”) with respect to one or more measures of business or financial performance (each, a “Performance Measure”), subject to the terms of the 2023 Plan.
Performance measures may be based upon one or more of the following, as determined by the administrator: (1) revenue; (2) sales; (3) expenses; (4) operating income; (5) gross margin; (6) operating margin; (7) earnings before any one or more of: stock-based compensation expense, interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; (8) pre-tax profit; (9) net operating income; (10) net income; (11) economic value added; (12) free cash flow; (13) operating cash flow; (14) balance of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities; (15) stock price; (16) earnings per share; (17) return on stockholder equity; (18) return on capital; (19) return on assets; (20) return on investment; (21) total stockholder return; (22) employee satisfaction; (23) employee retention; (24) market share; (25) customer satisfaction; (26) product development; (27) research and development expenses; (28) completion of an identified special project; and (29) completion of a joint venture or other corporate transaction.
After the applicable performance period has ended, the holder of performance units/shares will be entitled to receive a payout of the number of performance units/shares earned by the participant over the performance period, to be determined as a function of the extent to which the corresponding performance objectives or other vesting provisions have been achieved. After the grant of a performance unit/share, the administrator, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive any performance objectives or other vesting provisions for such performance unit/share.
99
Payment of earned performance units or performance shares will be made as soon as practicable after the expiration of the applicable performance period. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned performance units/shares in the form of cash, in shares of common stock (which have an aggregate fair market value equal to the value of the earned performance units/shares at the close of the applicable performance period) or in a combination thereof.
On the date set forth in the award agreement, all unearned or unvested performance units or performance shares will be forfeited to the Company, and again will be available for grant under the 2023 Plan.
Restricted stock and RSUs granted to officers and employees may be granted with the intent that the award satisfy the “Performance-Based Exception” (any such award intended to satisfy the Performance-Based Exception, a “Qualified Performance-Based Award”). The grant, vesting, or payment of a Qualified Performance-Based Award may depend on the degree of achievement of one or more performance goals relative to a pre-established targeted level or levels using one or more performance targets as determined by the administrator (on an absolute or relative (including, without limitation, relative to the performance of one or more other companies or upon comparisons of any of the indicators of performance relative to one or more other companies) basis, any of which may also be expressed as a growth or decline measure relative to an amount or performance for a prior date or period) for the Company on a consolidated basis or for one or more of the Company’s subsidiaries, segments, divisions, or business or operational units, or any combination of the foregoing. The performance period applicable to any performance units or performance shares may not be less than three months nor more than 10 years. To satisfy the Performance-Based Exception, the performance measure(s) applicable to the Qualified Performance-Based Award and specific performance formula, goal or goals (“targets”) must be established and approved by the administrator during the first 90 days of the applicable performance period (and, in the case of performance periods of less than one year, in no event after 25% or more of the performance period has elapsed) and while performance relating to such target(s) remains substantially uncertain within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code.
Participants shall have no voting rights with respect to shares of common stock represented by performance share awards until the date of the issuance of such shares of common stock, if any. However, the administrator, in its discretion, may provide in the award agreement evidencing any performance share award that the participant shall be entitled to dividend equivalent rights with respect to the payment of cash dividends on common stock during the period beginning on the date the award is granted and ending, with respect to each share subject to the award, on the earlier of the date on which the performance shares are settled or the date on which they are forfeited. Such dividend equivalent rights, if any, shall be credited to the participant either in cash or in the form of additional whole performance shares as of the date of payment of such cash dividends on common stock, as determined by the administrator and as provided in the 2023 Plan. Dividend equivalent rights shall not be paid with respect to performance units.
Other Equity-Based Awards and Other Cash-Based Awards
The administrator may grant other equity-based awards and other cash-based awards under the 2023 Plan to eligible persons, pursuant to the terms of the 2023 Plan.
Amendment and Termination
The administrator may amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2023 Plan. However, the Company will obtain stockholder approval of any amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable laws.
100
Federal Income Tax Effects of the 2023 Plan
The federal income tax consequences applicable to the Company in connection with ISOs, NQSOs, SARs, restricted stock, RSUs and performance awards are complex and depend, in large part, on the surrounding facts and circumstances. A participant should consult with his or her tax advisor regarding the taxation of awards under the Plan. Under current federal income tax laws, however, a participant will generally recognize income with respect to grants of stock options, SARs, restricted stock, RSUs and performance awards as described below.
Stock Options
Stock options may be granted in the form of ISOs or NQSOs. ISOs are eligible for favorable tax treatment under the Code. To meet the Code requirements, the maximum value of ISOs that first become exercisable in any one year (determined as of the dates of grants of the ISOs) is limited to $100,000. Under the Code, persons do not realize compensation income upon the grant of an ISO or NQSO. At the time of exercise of a NQSO, the holder realizes compensation income in the amount of the difference between the grant price and the fair market value of the Company stock on the date of exercise multiplied by the number of shares for which the option is exercised. At the time of exercise of an ISO, no compensation income, however, is recognized but the difference between the grant price and the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise multiplied by the number of shares for which the option is exercised is an item of tax preference which may require the payment of alternative minimum tax. The tax basis for determining capital gain or loss from the sale of stock acquired pursuant to a NQSO is the fair market value of the stock or the date of exercise. If the shares acquired on exercise of an ISO are held for at least two years after grant of the option and one year after exercise, the excess of the amount realized on sale over the exercise price is taxed as capital gains. If the shares acquired on exercise of an ISO are disposed of, including disposition by gift, within two years after grant or one year of exercise, the holder realizes compensation income equal to the excess of the fair market value of shares on the date of exercise over the option price. Additional amounts realized are taxed as capital gains. The Company generally is entitled to a deduction under the Code at the time and equal to the amount of compensation income realized by the holder of an option under the 2023 Plan.
Compensation income recognized by the exercise of NQSOs is subject to Federal Insurance Contributions Act (“FICA”) and Medicare taxes when the optionee is an employer and self-employment tax when the optionee is a director. Compensation income realized upon the premature disposition of stock acquired pursuant to an ISO is not subject to FICA and Medicare taxes.
SARs and RSUs
SARs are taxed on the date of exercise and RSUs are taxed on the date of vesting. A participant is taxed on the amount he or she is paid upon exercise of an SAR or vesting of an RSU. The Company accrues a corresponding deduction. The amount taxed is also subject to FICA and Medicare taxes in the case of an employee and self-employment tax in the case of a director.
Restricted Stock
Participants recognize as taxable income the fair market value of restricted stock on the date the restriction period ends. The amount taxed is subject to FICA and Medicare taxes in the case of an employee and self-employment tax in the case of a director. The Company is entitled to a corresponding tax deduction at the same time. Dividends paid during the restricted period are taxable compensation/income to the participant and are deductible by the Company. The value of the stock on the date the restriction period ends becomes the participant’s tax basis for determining subsequent capital gain or loss on the sale of the stock. A participant may elect to have the fair market value of restricted stock taxed to him or her at the time of grant. In this event, the participant recognizes no income when the restrictions lapse. The participant’s tax basis in the stock, for determining capital gain or loss upon the subsequent sale of the stock, is the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. In this event, the Company accrues a tax deduction equal to the amount of income recognized by the participant on the grant date, and the participant does not accrue a tax deduction or benefit in the event the stock is subsequently forfeited.
Performance Awards
Cash payments pursuant to performance awards are taxable as compensatory income to a participant when it is paid and the Company accrues a corresponding income tax deduction in this amount. The amount taxed is subject to FICA and Medicare taxes.
Code Section 162(m)
Section 162(m) of the Code limits the deductibility by the Company of compensation paid to the CEO and the other four most highly compensated executives. Section 162(m) of the Code provides an exception to this deduction limitation for certain “qualified performance-based compensation.” Payments or grants under the 2023 Plan are intended to qualify as “qualified performance-based compensation” under the Code and applicable regulations.
101
Code Section 280G and 4999
A 20% excise tax is imposed under Code Section 4999 on participants who receive certain payments in connection with a change of control of the Company and the Company cannot deduct such payments. It is possible that the value of accelerated vesting and lapse of restrictions on 2023 Plan awards could constitute change of control payments and that (i) the value of the acceleration could be subject to the excise tax, (ii) this could cause other Company change of control payments to be subject to the tax, and (iii) in this event, the Company would not be able to deduct these items for income tax purposes.
2021 Equity Incentive Plan
Overview
The Board of Directors and stockholders of the Company approved the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) on August 6, 2021. Under the 2021 Plan, 2,400,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance to employees, directors and independent contractors (except those performing services in connection with the offer or sale of the Company’s securities in a capital raising transaction, or promoting or maintaining a market for the Company’s securities) of the Company or its subsidiary. The 2021 Plan authorizes equity-based and cash-based incentives for participants. There were 4,330 shares available for award as of December 31, 2024 under the 2021 Plan.
The purpose of 2021 Plan is to promote the success of the Company and to increase stockholder value by providing an additional means through the grant of awards to attract, motivate, retain and reward selected employees and other eligible persons. The Board may, at any time, terminate or, from time to time, amend, modify or suspend this 2021 Plan, in whole or in part. To the extent then required by applicable law or any applicable stock exchange or required under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), to preserve the intended tax consequences of the 2021 Plan, or deemed necessary or advisable by the Board, the 2021 Plan and any amendment to the 2021 Plan shall be subject to stockholder approval. Unless earlier terminated by the Board, the 2021 Plan will terminate 10 years from the date of adoption.
Authorized Shares
A total of 2,400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock are authorized for issuance pursuant to the 2021 Plan. Subject to adjustment as provided in the 2021 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2021 Plan will be cumulatively increased on January 1, 2022 and on each subsequent January 1, by a number of shares equal to the smaller of (i) 3% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, or (ii) an amount determined by the Board.
Additionally, if any award issued pursuant to the 2021 Plan expires or becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full, is surrendered pursuant to an exchange program, as provided in the 2021 Plan, or, with respect to restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance units or performance shares, is forfeited to or repurchased by the Company due to the failure to vest, the unpurchased shares (or for awards other than stock options or stock appreciation rights the forfeited or repurchased shares) which were subject thereto will become available for future grant or sale under the 2021 Plan (unless the 2021 Plan has terminated). With respect to stock appreciation rights, only shares actually issued pursuant to a stock appreciation right will cease to be available under the 2021 Plan; all remaining shares under stock appreciation rights will remain available for future grant or sale under the 2021 Plan (unless the 2021 Plan has terminated). Shares that have actually been issued under the 2021 Plan under any award will not be returned to the 2021 Plan and will not become available for future distribution under the 2021 Plan; provided, however, that if shares issued pursuant to awards of restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares or performance units are repurchased by the Company or are forfeited to the Company due to the failure to vest, such shares will become available for future grant under the 2021 Plan. Shares used to pay the exercise price of an award or to satisfy the tax withholdings related to an award will become available for future grant or sale under the 2021 Plan. To the extent an award under the 2021 Plan is paid out in cash rather than shares, such cash payment will not result in reducing the number of shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan.
102
Notwithstanding the foregoing and, subject to adjustment as provided in the 2021 Plan, the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options will equal the aggregate share number stated above, plus, to the extent allowable under Section 422 of the Code and regulations promulgated thereunder, any shares that become available for issuance under the 2021 Plan in accordance with the foregoing.
Plan Administration
The Board or one or more committees appointed by the Board will administer the 2021 Plan. In addition, if the Company determines it is desirable to qualify transactions under the 2021 Plan as exempt under Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act, such transactions will be structured with the intent that they satisfy the requirements for exemption under Rule 16b-3. Subject to the provisions of the 2021 Plan, the administrator has the power to administer the 2021 Plan and make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable for administering the 2021 Plan, including the power to determine the fair market value of the Company’s common stock, select the service providers to whom awards may be granted, determine the number of shares covered by each award, approve forms of award agreements for use under the 2021 Plan, determine the terms and conditions of awards (including the exercise price, the time or times at which the awards may be exercised, any vesting acceleration or waiver or forfeiture restrictions and any restriction or limitation regarding any award or the shares relating thereto), construe and interpret the terms of the 2021 Plan and awards granted under it, prescribe, amend and rescind rules relating to the 2021 Plan, including creating sub-plans and modify or amend each award, including the discretionary authority to extend the post-termination exercisability period of awards (provided that no option or stock appreciation right will be extended past its original maximum term), and to allow a participant to defer the receipt of payment of cash or the delivery of shares that would otherwise be due to such participant under an award. The administrator also has the authority to allow participants the opportunity to transfer outstanding awards to a financial institution or other person or entity selected by the administrator and to institute an exchange program by which outstanding awards may be surrendered or cancelled in exchange for awards of the same type which may have a higher or lower exercise price or different terms, awards of a different type or cash, or by which the exercise price of an outstanding award is increased or reduced. The administrator’s decisions, interpretations and other actions are final and binding on all participants.
Eligibility
Awards under the 2021 Plan, other than incentive stock options, may be granted to employees (including officers) of the Company or a subsidiary, members of the Company’s Board, or consultants engaged to render bona fide services to the Company or a subsidiary. Incentive stock options may be granted only to employees of the Company or a subsidiary.
Stock Options
Stock options may be granted under the 2021 Plan. The exercise price of options granted under the 2021 Plan generally must at least be equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The term of each option will be as stated in the applicable award agreement; provided, however, that the term may be no more than 10 years from the date of grant. The administrator will determine the methods of payment of the exercise price of an option, which may include cash, shares or other property acceptable to the administrator, as well as other types of consideration permitted by applicable law. After the termination of service of an employee, director or consultant, they may exercise their option for the period of time stated in their option agreement. In the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, if termination is due to death or disability, the option will remain exercisable for 12 months. In all other cases, in the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, the option will remain exercisable for three months following the termination of service. An option may not be exercised later than the expiration of its term. Subject to the provisions of the 2021 Plan, the administrator determines the other terms of options.
103
Stock Appreciation Rights
Stock appreciation rights may be granted under the 2021 Plan. Stock appreciation rights allow the recipient to receive the appreciation in the fair market value of the Company’s common stock between the exercise date and the date of grant. Stock appreciation rights may not have a term exceeding 10 years. After the termination of service of an employee, director or consultant, they may exercise their stock appreciation right for the period of time stated in their stock appreciation right agreement. In the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, if termination is due to death or disability, the stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for 12 months. In all other cases, in the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, the stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for three months following the termination of service. However, in no event may a stock appreciation right be exercised later than the expiration of its term. Subject to the provisions of the 2021 Plan, the administrator determines the other terms of stock appreciation rights, including when such rights become exercisable and whether to pay any increased appreciation in cash or with shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, except that the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued pursuant to the exercise of a stock appreciation right will be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant.
Restricted Stock
Restricted stock may be granted under the 2021 Plan. Restricted stock awards are grants of shares of the Company’s common stock that vest in accordance with terms and conditions established by the administrator. The administrator will determine the number of shares of restricted stock granted to any employee, director or consultant and, subject to the provisions of the 2021 Plan, will determine the terms and conditions of such awards. The administrator may impose whatever conditions to vesting it determines to be appropriate (for example, the administrator may set restrictions based on the achievement of specific performance goals or continued service to the Company); provided, however, that the administrator, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed. Recipients of restricted stock awards generally will have voting and dividend rights with respect to such shares upon grant without regard to vesting, unless the administrator provides otherwise. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest are subject to the Company’s right of repurchase or forfeiture.
Restricted Stock Units
RSUs may be granted under the 2021 Plan. RSUs are bookkeeping entries representing an amount equal to the fair market value of one share of the Company’s common stock. Subject to the provisions of the 2021 Plan, the administrator determines the terms and conditions of RSUs, including the vesting criteria and the form and timing of payment. The administrator may set vesting criteria based upon the achievement of Company-wide, divisional, business unit or individual goals (including continued employment or service), applicable federal or state securities laws or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned RSUs in the form of cash, in shares of the Company’s common stock or in some combination thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the administrator, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any vesting requirements will be deemed satisfied.
Performance Units and Performance Shares
Performance units and performance shares may be granted under the 2021 Plan. Performance units and performance shares are awards that will result in a payment to a participant only if performance goals established by the administrator are achieved or the awards otherwise vest. The administrator will establish performance objectives or other vesting criteria in its discretion, which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the number or the value of performance units and performance shares to be paid out to participants. The administrator may set performance objectives based on the achievement of Company-wide, divisional, business unit or individual goals (including continued employment or service), applicable federal or state securities laws or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion. After the grant of a performance unit or performance share, the administrator, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive any performance criteria or other vesting provisions for such performance units or performance shares. Performance units shall have an initial dollar value established by the administrator on or prior to the grant date. Performance shares shall have an initial value equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned performance units or performance shares in the form of cash, in shares or in some combination thereof.
104
Non-Employee Directors
The 2021 Plan provides that all non-employee directors will be eligible to receive all types of awards (except for incentive stock options) under the 2021 Plan. The 2021 Plan includes a maximum limit of $750,000 of equity awards that may be granted to a non-employee director in any fiscal year, increased to $1,500,000 in connection with his or her initial service. For purposes of this limitation, the value of equity awards is based on the grant date fair value (determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States). Any equity awards granted to a person for their services as an employee, or for their services as a consultant (other than as a non-employee director), will not count for purposes of the limitation. The maximum limit does not reflect the intended size of any potential compensation or equity awards to the Company’s non-employee directors.
Non-transferability of Awards
Unless the administrator provides otherwise, the 2021 Plan generally does not allow for the transfer of awards and only the recipient of an award may exercise an award during their lifetime. If the administrator makes an award transferrable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deems appropriate.
Certain Adjustments
In the event of certain changes in the Company’s capitalization, to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits available under the 2021 Plan, the administrator will adjust the number and class of shares that may be delivered under the 2021 Plan or the number, and price of shares covered by each outstanding award and the numerical share limits set forth in the 2021 Plan.
Dissolution or Liquidation
In the event of the Company’s proposed liquidation or dissolution, the administrator will notify participants as soon as practicable and all awards will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed transaction.
Merger or Change in Control
The 2021 Plan provides that in the event of the Company’s merger with or into another corporation or entity or a “change in control” (as defined in the 2021 Plan), each outstanding award will be treated as the administrator determines, including, without limitation, that (i) awards will be assumed, or substantially equivalent awards will be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding corporation (or an affiliate thereof) with appropriate adjustments as to the number and kind of shares and prices; (ii) upon written notice to a participant, that the participant’s awards will terminate upon or immediately prior to the consummation of such merger or change in control; (iii) outstanding awards will vest and become exercisable, realizable or payable, or restrictions applicable to an award will lapse, in whole or in part, prior to or upon consummation of such merger or change in control and, to the extent the administrator determines, terminate upon or immediately prior to the effectiveness of such merger or change in control; (iv) (A) the termination of an award in exchange for an amount of cash or property, if any, equal to the amount that would have been attained upon the exercise of such award or realization of the participant’s rights as of the date of the occurrence of the transaction (and, for the avoidance of doubt, if as of the date of the occurrence of the transaction the administrator determines in good faith that no amount would have been attained upon the exercise of such award or realization of the participant’s rights, then such award may be terminated by the Company without payment) or (B) the replacement of such award with other rights or property selected by the administrator in its sole discretion; or (v) any combination of the foregoing. The administrator will not be obligated to treat all awards, all awards a participant holds, or all awards of the same type, similarly. In the event that awards (or portion thereof) are not assumed or substituted for in the event of a merger or change in control, the participant will fully vest in and have the right to exercise all of their outstanding options and stock appreciation rights, including shares as to which such awards would not otherwise be vested or exercisable, all restrictions on restricted stock and RSUs will lapse and, with respect to awards with performance-based vesting, all performance goals or other vesting criteria will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels and all other terms and conditions met, in all cases, unless specifically provided otherwise under the applicable award agreement or other written agreement between the participant and the Company or any of the Company’s subsidiary or parents, as applicable. If an option or stock appreciation right is not assumed or substituted in the event of a merger or change in control, the administrator will notify the participant in writing or electronically that the option or stock appreciation right will be exercisable for a period of time determined by the administrator in its sole discretion and the vested option or stock appreciation right will terminate upon the expiration of such period.
105
For awards granted to an outside director, the outside director will fully vest in and have the right to exercise all of their outstanding options and stock appreciation rights, all restrictions on restricted stock and RSUs will lapse and, for awards with performance-based vesting, unless specifically provided for in the award agreement, all performance goals or other vesting criteria will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels and all other terms and conditions met.
Clawback
Awards will be subject to any Company clawback policy that the Company is required to adopt pursuant to the listing standards of any national securities exchange or association on which the Company’s securities are listed or as is otherwise required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or other applicable laws. The administrator also may specify in an award agreement that the participant’s rights, payments or benefits with respect to an award will be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture or recoupment upon the occurrence of certain specified events. The Board may require a participant to forfeit, return or reimburse the Company all or a portion of the award or shares issued under the award, any amounts paid under the award and any payments or proceeds paid or provided upon disposition of the shares issued under the award in order to comply with such clawback policy or applicable laws.
Amendment and Termination
The administrator has the authority to amend, suspend or terminate the 2021 Plan provided such action does not impair the existing rights of any participant. The 2021 Plan automatically will terminate on August 6, 2031, unless it is terminated sooner.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of December 31, 2024 by:
| ● | each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock; | |
| ● | each of our executive officers and directors that beneficially owns shares of our common stock; and | |
| ● | all our executive officers and directors as a group. |
In the table below, percentage ownership is based on 21,937,987 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024. Unless otherwise noted below, the address for each beneficial owner listed on the table is c/o HeartCore Enterprises, Inc., 1-2-33, Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. We believe, based on the information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the tables below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially own, subject to applicable community property laws.
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Number and Nature of Shares Beneficially Owned (1) | Percentage of Outstanding Common Stock | ||||||
| Directors and Executive Officers: | ||||||||
| Sumitaka Yamamoto | 10,647,393 | 48.5 | % | |||||
| Keisuke Kuno | 69,239 | * | ||||||
| Kimio Hosaka | 109,705 | * | ||||||
| Prakash Sadasivam | 2,500,000 | 11.4 | % | |||||
| Ferdinand Groenewald | - | - | ||||||
| Heather Marie Neville | - | - | ||||||
| Koji Sato | - | - | ||||||
| All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons) (2) | 13,429,943 | 61.2 | % | |||||
| Other 5% Stockholders: | ||||||||
| Daishin Yasui | 2,322,625 | 10.6 | % | |||||
| * | less than 1%. |
| (1) | The percentages in the table have been calculated based on 21,937,987 shares of our common stock outstanding on December 31, 2024. To calculate a stockholder’s percentage of beneficial ownership, we include in the numerator and denominator the common stock outstanding and all shares of our common stock issuable to that person in the event of the exercise of outstanding options and other derivative securities owned by that person which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2024. Common stock options and derivative securities held by other stockholders are disregarded in this calculation. Therefore, the denominator used in calculating beneficial ownership among our stockholders may differ. Unless we have indicated otherwise, each person named in the table has sole voting power and sole investment power for the shares listed opposite such person’s name. |
| (2) | Includes the directors and named executive officers listed above, as well as (i) 72,048 shares beneficially owned by Hidekazu Miyata, our Chief Technical Officer, and (ii) 21,620 shares beneficially owned by Qizhi Gao, our Chief Financial Officer. |
106
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2024, regarding our compensation plans under which equity securities are authorized for issuance:
| Plan Category | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights | Weighted- average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) | |||||||||
| (a) | (b) | (c) | ||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2,395,670 | 1.65 | 1,934,677 | (1) | ||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | ||||||||||||
| Total | 2,395,670 | 1.65 | 1,934,677 | |||||||||
| (1) | This represents shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the 2023 Plan and the 2021 Plan. |
There were an aggregate of 1,934,677 shares available for award under the 2021 and 2023 Plans as of December 31, 2024.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions
Under Item 404 of SEC Regulation S-K, a related person transaction is any actual or proposed transaction, arrangement or relationship or series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships, including those involving indebtedness not in the ordinary course of business, to which we or our subsidiary were or are a party, or in which we or our subsidiary were or are a participant, in which the amount involved exceeded or exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years and in which any of our directors, nominees for director, executive officers, beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities (a “significant shareholder”), or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
We recognize that transactions between us and any of our directors or executives or with a third party in which one of our officers, directors or significant shareholders has an interest can present potential or actual conflicts of interest and create the appearance that our decisions are based on considerations other than the best interests of our Company and stockholders.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is charged with responsibility for reviewing, approving and overseeing any transaction between the Company and any related person (as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K), including the propriety and ethical implications of any such transactions, as reported or disclosed to the Audit Committee by the independent auditors, employees, officers, members of the Board of Directors or otherwise, and to determine whether the terms of the transaction are not less favorable to us than could be obtained from an unaffiliated party.
From time to time, we engage in transactions with related parties. The following is a summary of the related party transactions during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and any proposed transactions, requiring disclosure pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K. We believe the terms obtained or consideration that we paid or received, as applicable, in connection with the transactions described below were comparable to terms available or the amounts that would be paid or received, as applicable, in arm’s-length transactions.
Related Party Transactions
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a due to related parties balance of $47 and $1,476, respectively, from Sumitaka Yamamoto, the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and major shareholder of the Company. The balance is unsecured, non-interest bearing and due on demand. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repaid to the related party for operating expenses the related party paid on behalf of the Company in a net amount of $1,338. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the related party paid operating expenses on behalf of the Company and received the payments in a net amount of $1,123.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a due to related parties balance of $885 and nil, respectively, from Luvina Software Joint Stock Company (“Luvina Software”), the non-controlling interest shareholder of HeartCore Luvina. The balance is unsecured, non-interest bearing and due on demand. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the related party paid operating expenses on behalf of the Company in the amount of $899. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had an accounts payable and accrued expenses balance of $47,199 and nil, respectively, to Luvina Software. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company engaged the related party for software development and other support services in the amount of $202,288.
107
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a loan receivable balance of $164,067 and $227,704, respectively, from Heartcore Technology Inc., a company controlled by the CEO of the Company. The loan is made to the related party to support its operation. The balance is unsecured, bears an annual interest of 1.475%, and requires repayments in installments starting from February 2022. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company received repayments of $42,104 and $45,404, respectively, from this related party.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a short-term debt balance of $75,000 and nil, respectively, to Prakash Sadasivam, the CEO of Sigmaways and Chief Strategy Officer (“CSO”) of the Company. The debt is borrowed from the related party for working capital purpose. The balance is unsecured, bears an annual interest of 7.5%, and matures on June 30, 2025.
Director Independence
The Company’s Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that three of its six directors (Ferdinand Groenewald, Heather Neville, and Koji Sato) are independent directors of the Company within the meaning of Nasdaq Capital Market’s rules. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, we were a “controlled company” under Nasdaq Capital Market rules and therefore, were not required to have a majority of independent directors on the Board.
As a controlled company during 2024, the Company was not required to comply with certain corporate governance requirements under Nasdaq Capital Market rules, including, but not limited to, the requirement that a majority of the Company’s Board of Directors consist of “independent directors” as defined by the applicable rules and regulations of Nasdaq Capital Market. Because we no longer qualify as a controlled company, on February 14, 2025, we formed a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, and we are required, subject to a phase-in period, to have a majority of independent directors on the Board. We expect to comply with the majority independent director requirement no later than the end of the phase-in period, which ends one year after we ceased to be a controlled company.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The following is a summary of fees paid or to be paid to MaloneBailey, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Audit Fees | $ | 609,779 | $ | 620,000 | ||||
| Audit Related Fees | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Tax Fees | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| All Other Fees | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Total | $ | 609,779 | $ | 620,000 | ||||
Audit Fees. Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our year-end financial statements and services that are normally provided by our independent registered public accounting firm in connection with regulatory filings. The above amounts include interim procedures and audit fees, as well as attendance at Board meetings.
Audit-Related Fees. Audit-related services consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.
Tax Fees. Tax fees consist of fees billed for tax planning services and tax advice. The board of directors must specifically approve all other tax services.
All Other Fees. Other services are services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm that do not fall within the established audit, audit-related, and tax services categories. The board of directors preapproves specified other services that do not fall within any of the specified prohibited categories of services.
Pre-Approval Policy
Since formation of our audit committee, all of the foregoing services were pre-approved by our audit committee. Our audit committee will pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit).
108
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
| (a) | The following documents are filed as part of this annual report: |
| (1) | Financial Statements |
See Index to Financial Statements on page F-1.
| (2) | Financial Statements Schedules |
| All financial statements schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the amounts are immaterial and not required, or the required information is presented in the financial statements and notes thereto beginning on page F-1 of this annual report. | |
| (3) | Exhibits |
| We hereby file as part of this annual report the exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index immediately before the signature page to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Exhibits which are incorporated herein by reference can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such material can also be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates or on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. |
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not applicable.
109
HEARTCORE ENTERPRISES, INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
HeartCore Enterprises, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
| /s/ | |
| www.malonebailey.com | |
| We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021. | |
| March 31, 2025 |
F-2
HEARTCORE ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Investments in marketable securities | ||||||||
| Investment in equity securities | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Current portion of long-term note receivable | ||||||||
| Due from related party | ||||||||
| Other current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Non-current assets: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable, non-current | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Intangible asset, net | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| Long-term investment in warrants | ||||||||
| Long-term note receivable | ||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Security deposits | ||||||||
| Long-term loan receivable from related party | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | ||||||||
| Total non-current assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses – related party | ||||||||
| Accrued payroll and other employee costs | ||||||||
| Due to related parties | ||||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||||
| Short-term debt – related party | ||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debts | ||||||||
| Insurance premium financing | ||||||||
| Factoring liability | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | ||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities, current | ||||||||
| Income tax payables | ||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ||||||||
| Other current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Long-term debts | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, non-current | ||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities, non-current | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred shares ($ | ||||||||
| Common shares ($ | ||||||||
| Subscription receivable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Total HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
HEARTCORE ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cost of revenues | ||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||
| Selling expenses | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| Research and development expenses | ||||||||
| Impairment of intangible asset | ||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other income (expenses): | ||||||||
| Changes in fair value of investments in marketable securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Changes in fair value of investment in warrants | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on sale of warrants | ( | ) | ||||||
| Impairment of investment in equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on forgiveness of note receivable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Interest expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Government grants | ||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||
| Other expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total other expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss before income tax benefit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income tax benefit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss attributable to HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Other comprehensive loss: | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss per common share attributable to HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. | ||||||||
| Basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding | ||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
HEARTCORE ENTERPRISES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
| Common Shares | Additional | Accumulated Other | Total HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. | Non- | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of | Subscription | Paid-in | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Shareholders’ | controlling | Shareholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Receivable | Capital | Deficit | Income | Equity | Interests | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common shares for acquisition of subsidiary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interest arising from acquisition of subsidiary | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contribution from non-controlling shareholder | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common shares | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution of dividends | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
HEARTCORE ENTERPRISE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expenses | ||||||||
| Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | ||||||||
| Non-cash lease expense | ||||||||
| Loss (gain) on termination of lease | ( | ) | ||||||
| Impairment of intangible asset | ||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill | ||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||
| Marketable securities received as noncash consideration | ( | ) | ||||||
| Warrants received as noncash consideration | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Changes in fair value of investments in marketable securities | ||||||||
| Changes in fair value of investment in warrants | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on sale of warrants | ||||||||
| Impairment of investment in equity securities | ||||||||
| Impairment of investment in SAFE | ||||||||
| Loss on forgiveness of note receivable | ||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Other assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses – related party | ||||||||
| Accrued payroll and other employee costs | ||||||||
| Due to related parties | ( | ) | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income tax payables | ||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other liabilities | ||||||||
| Net cash flows used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment | ||||||||
| Advances on note receivable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchase of investment in SAFE | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net proceeds from sale of warrants | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of marketable securities | ||||||||
| Repayment of loan provided to related party | ||||||||
| Payment for acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Payments for finance leases | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from short-term and long-term debts | ||||||||
| Proceeds from related party debt | ||||||||
| Repayment of short-term and long-term debts | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Repayment of insurance premium financing | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net proceeds from factoring arrangement | ||||||||
| Net repayment of factoring arrangement | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payments for debt issuance costs | ( | ) | ||||||
| Distribution of dividends | ( | ) | ||||||
| Capital contribution from non-controlling shareholder | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common shares | ||||||||
| Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of the year | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents – end of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental cash flow disclosure: | ||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | $ | ||||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing transactions: | ||||||||
| Finance lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Remeasurement of operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets due to lease modification | $ | $ | ||||||
| Insurance premium financing | $ | $ | ||||||
| Common shares issued for acquisition of subsidiary | $ | $ | ||||||
| Warrants converted to marketable securities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Note receivable converted to investment in equity securities | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
HEARTCORE ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. (“HeartCore
USA”), a holding company, was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on
On July 16, 2021, HeartCore USA executed a share
exchange agreement with certain shareholders of HeartCore Co., Ltd. (“HeartCore Japan”), a company that was incorporated in
Japan on June 12, 2009. Pursuant to the terms of the share exchange agreement, HeartCore USA issued
The share exchange on July 16, 2021 has been accounted for as a recapitalization between entities under common control since the same controlling shareholders controlled these two entities before and after the transaction. The consolidation of HeartCore USA and its subsidiary has been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the transaction had become effective as of the beginning of the earliest period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
HeartCore USA, via its wholly-owned operating subsidiary, HeartCore Japan, is mainly engaged in the business of developing and sales of comprehensive software. Beginning from early 2022, HeartCore USA is engaged in the business of providing consulting services to Japanese companies with intention to go public in the United States capital market.
On September 6, 2022, HeartCore USA entered into
a share exchange and purchase agreement (“Sigmaways Agreement”) to acquire
In January 2023, HeartCore USA incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary, HeartCore Financial, Inc. (“HeartCore Financial”), under the laws of the State of Delaware. HeartCore Financial is engaged in the business of providing financial consulting services.
In February 2023, HeartCore USA incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary, HeartCore Capital Advisors, Inc. (“HeartCore Capital Advisors”), in Japan. HeartCore Capital Advisors is engaged in the business of providing financial consulting services to Japanese companies.
In November 2023, HeartCore Japan established
a
On November 17, 2023, HeartCore Japan and HeartCore Capital Advisors entered into a merger agreement to merge the two entities into one with HeartCore Japan being the surviving entity. On January 1, 2024, the merger was completed and HeartCore Capital Advisors transferred all of its assets and liabilities to HeartCore Japan. The merger has been accounted for as a recapitalization between entities under common control since the same controlling shareholders controlled the two entities before and after the transaction.
In April 2024, HeartCore Financial incorporated a branch office, HeartCore Financial, Inc. – Japan Branch Office (“HeartCore Financial – Japan”), in Japan. HeartCore Financial – Japan is engaged in the business of providing financial consulting services.
HeartCore USA, HeartCore Japan, Sigmaways, Sigmaways B.V., Sigmaways Technologies, HeartCore Financial, HeartCore Capital Advisors, HeartCore Luvina and HeartCore Financial – Japan are hereafter referred to as the “Company”.
F-7
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Non-controlling Interests
The portion of the income or loss applicable to the non-controlling interests in subsidiaries is separately reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Use of Estimates
In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity U.S. GAAP, the management is required to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates required to be made by management include, but are not limited to, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible asset, the impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, valuation of stock-based compensation, valuation allowance of deferred tax assets, implicit interest rate of operating and finance leases, valuation of asset retirement obligations, valuation of investment in warrants, revenue recognition with respect to fair value of noncash consideration and allocation of transaction price, and purchase price allocation with respect to business combination. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and deposits in banks and other financial institutions that are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable represents the amounts that the Company has an unconditional right to consideration, which are stated at the original amount less an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company’s current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the receivables. The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses including the aging of receivables and aging trends, customer creditworthiness and specific exposures related to particular customers. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and economic factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. Accounts receivable balances are written off after all collection efforts have ceased. The allowance is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In circumstances in which the Company receives payment for accounts receivable that have previously been written off, the Company reverses the allowance and credit losses.
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line and declining methods over the estimated useful lives, as more details follow:
| Depreciation Method | Useful Life | |||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||
| Machinery and equipment | ||||
| Vehicle | ||||
| Software |
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments, which substantially extend the useful lives of the assets, are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
F-8
Asset Retirement Obligations
Pursuant to the lease agreements for the office
space, the Company is responsible to restore these spaces back to its original statute at the time of leaving. The Company recognizes
an obligation related to these restorations as asset retirement obligation included in other non-current liabilities in the consolidated
balance sheets, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification
(“ASC”) Topic 410, “Asset Retirement Obligation Accounting”. The Company capitalizes the associated asset retirement
cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related property and equipment.
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities incurred | ||||||||
| Accretion expense | ||||||||
| Liabilities settled | ( | ) | ||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | ||||||
Lease – Lessee
The Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. Lease terms of certain operating leases include the non-cancellable period for which the Company has the right to use the underlying asset, together with renewal option periods when the exercise of the renewal option is reasonably certain.
The Company leases office facilities, which are classified as operating leases and leases office equipment and vehicles, which are classified as finance leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, “Leases”. Under ASC Topic 842, lessees are required to recognize the following for all leases on the commencement date: (i) lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (ii) right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities, current, and operating lease liabilities, non-current, and finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, finance lease liabilities, current, and finance lease liabilities, non-current in the consolidated balance sheets.
As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.
The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, and therefore operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less.
Software Development Costs
Software development costs are expensed as incurred until the point the Company establishes technological feasibility. Technological feasibility is established upon completion of a detailed program design or the completion of a working model. Costs incurred by the Company between establishment of technological feasibility and the point at which the product is ready for general release are capitalized and amortized over the economic life of the related products. The Company’s software development costs incurred subsequent to achieving technological feasibility have not been significant and all software development costs have been expensed as incurred.
In the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
software development costs expensed as incurred amounted to $
F-9
Investment in Warrants
Investment in warrants represents stock warrants earned from its consulting service customers. The warrants are measured at fair value and any changes in fair value are recognized in other income (expenses). Investment in warrants is classified as long-term if the warrants are exercisable over one year after the date of receipt.
Investments in Marketable Securities
Investments in marketable securities represent equity securities registered for public sale with readily determinable fair value. The marketable securities are obtained through stocks of its customers received as noncash consideration from consulting services and through exercise of stock warrants of its consulting service customers and measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in other income (expenses).
Investment in Equity Securities
Investment in equity securities represents investment in a privately held entity that does not have a readily determinable fair value or report net asset value. Investment in equity securities is accounted for using a measurement alternative, under which this investment is measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes recognized in other income (expenses). Investment in equity securities is classified as current asset if the Company anticipates to dispose of the investment within one year from the date of receipt.
Intangible Asset, Net
Intangible asset represents the customer relationship
acquired from business acquisition of Sigmaways and its subsidiaries. The acquired intangible asset is recognized and measured at fair
value at the time of acquisition and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic useful life of the respective asset.
The estimated useful life of the customer relationship is
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Other Than Goodwill
Long-lived assets with finite lives, primarily property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and intangible asset, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the estimated cash flows from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are below the asset’s carrying value, then the asset is deemed to be impaired and written down to its fair value.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired in a business combination. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Others”, goodwill is subject to assessment for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist, applying a fair-value based test. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis.
Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currency of HeartCore Japan, HeartCore Capital Advisors and HeartCore Financial – Japan is the Japanese Yen (“JPY”). The functional currency of HeartCore USA, HeartCore Financial and Sigmaways is the United States Dollar (“US$”). The functional currency of Sigmaways B.V. is the Euro (“EUR”). The functional currency of Sigmaways Technologies is the Canada Dollar (“CAD”). The functional currency of HeartCore Luvina is the Vietnam Dong (“VND”). Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The reporting currency of the Company is the US$, and the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been expressed in US$. In accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statements”, assets and liabilities of the Company whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from the translation of financial statements are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity.
F-10
Translation of amounts from the functional currency
of the Company into US$
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Current JPY: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
| Average JPY: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
| Current EUR: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
| Average EUR: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
| Current CAD: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
| Average CAD: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
| Current VND: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
| Average VND: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues under ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”.
To determine revenue recognition for contracts
with customers, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with the customer, (ii) identify the performance
obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable
that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the
contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.
The Company currently generates its revenues from the following main sources:
Revenues from On-premise Software
Licenses for on-premise software provide the customers with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customers. The Company provides on-premise software in the form of both perpetual licenses and term-based licenses which grant the customers with the right for a specified term. Revenues from on-premise licenses are recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customers. Licenses for on-premise software are typically sold to the customers with maintenance and support services in a bundle. Revenues under the bundled arrangements are allocated based on the relative standalone selling prices (“SSP”) of on-premise software and maintenance and support services. The SSP for maintenance and support services is estimated based upon observable transactions when those services are sold on a standalone basis. The SSP of on-premise software is typically estimated using the residual approach as the Company is unable to establish the SSP for on-premise licenses based on observable prices given the same products are sold for a broad range of amounts (that is, the selling price is highly variable) and a representative SSP is not discernible from past transactions or other observable evidence.
Revenues from Maintenance and Support Services
Maintenance and support services provided with software licenses consist of trouble shooting, technical support and the right to receive unspecified software updates when and if available during the subscription. Revenues from maintenance and support services are recognized over time as such services are performed. Revenues for consumption-based services are generally recognized as the services are performed and accepted by the customers.
Revenues from Software as a Service (“SaaS”)
The Company’s software is available for use as hosted application arrangements under subscription fee agreements without licensing the rights of the software to the customers. Subscription fees from these applications are recognized over time on a ratable basis over the customer contract term beginning on the date the Company’s solution is made available to the customers. The subscription contracts are generally one year or less in length.
F-11
Revenues from Software Development and Other Miscellaneous Services
The Company provides customers with software development and support services pursuant to their specific requirements, which primarily compose of consulting, integration, training, custom application, and workflow development. The Company also provides other miscellaneous services, such as 3D Space photography. The Company generally recognizes revenues at a point in time when control is transferred to the customers and the Company is entitled to the payment, which is when the promised services are delivered and accepted by the customers.
Revenues from Customized Software Development and Services
The Company’s customized software development and services revenues primarily include revenues from providing software development solutions and other support services to its customers. The contract pricing is at stated billing rates per hour. These contracts are generally short-term in nature and not longer than one year in duration. For services provided under the contracts that result in the transfer of control over time, the underlying deliverable in the contracts is owned and controlled by the customers and does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company. The Company recognizes revenues on rate per hour contracts based on the amount billable to the customers, as the Company has the right to invoice the customers in an amount that directly corresponds with the value to the customers of the Company’s performance to date.
Revenues from Consulting Services
The Company provides public listing related consulting services to customers pursuant to the specific requirements prescribed in the contracts, which primarily include communicating with intermediary parties, preparing required documents related to the initial public offering and supporting the listing process. The consulting services contracts normally include both cash and noncash considerations. Cash consideration is paid in installment payments and is recognized in revenues over the period of the contract by reference to progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. Noncash consideration is in the form of stocks and warrants of the customers and is measured at fair value at contract inception. Noncash consideration that is variable for reasons other than only the form of the consideration is included in the transaction price, but is subject to the constraint on variable consideration. The Company assesses the estimated amount of the variable noncash consideration at contract inception and subsequently, to determine when and to what extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenues recognized will not occur once the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Only when the significant revenues reversal is concluded probable of not occurring can variable consideration be included in revenues. Based on evaluation of likelihood and magnitude of a reversal in applying the constraint, the variable noncash consideration is recognized in revenues until the underlying uncertainties have been resolved.
Sales Returns and Allowances
The Company records reduction to revenues for estimated customer returns and allowances. The Company bases its estimates on historical rates of customer returns and allowances as well as the specific identification of outstanding returns. The actual amount of customer returns and allowances, which is inherently uncertain, may differ from the Company’s estimates. If the Company determines that actual or expected returns or allowances are significantly higher or lower than the reserves it established, it would record a reduction or increase, as appropriate, to revenues in the period in which it makes such a determination. Reserves for customer refunds are included within other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. At a minimum, the Company reviews and refines these estimates on a quarterly basis.
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from
the timing of invoicing to the customers. The Company determines that its contracts do not include a significant financing component.
The Company records a contract asset, which is included in accounts receivable, current or non-current, in the consolidated balance sheets,
when revenues are recognized prior to invoicing. The Company factors certain accounts receivable upon or after the performance obligation
is being met. The Company records deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets when revenues are recognized subsequent to cash
collection for an invoice. Deferred revenue is reported net of related uncollected deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets.
The amount of revenues recognized during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 that were included in the opening deferred revenue
balance are approximately $
Disaggregation of Revenues
The Company disaggregates its revenues from contracts
by product/service types, as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the revenues and cash
flows are affected by economic factors.
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Revenues from on-premise software | $ | $ | ||||||
| Revenues from maintenance and support services | ||||||||
| Revenues from software as a service (“SaaS”) | ||||||||
| Revenues from software development and other miscellaneous services | ||||||||
| Revenues from customized software development and services | ||||||||
| Revenues from consulting services | ||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
F-12
The Company’s disaggregation of revenues by product/service for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as following:
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Revenues from customer experience management platform | $ | $ | ||||||
| Revenues from process mining | ||||||||
| Revenues from robotic process automation | ||||||||
| Revenues from task mining | ||||||||
| Revenues from customized software development and services | ||||||||
| Revenues from consulting services | ||||||||
| Revenues from others | ||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues primarily consists of salaries and outsourcing expenses (e.g., bonuses, employee benefits, payroll taxes, outsourcing professional fees) for personnel and parties directly involved in the delivery of products and services to customers. Cost of revenues also includes royal/license payments to vendors, and hosting and infrastructure costs related to the delivery of the Company’s products and services.
Advertising Expenses
Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs
of promotion and marketing for the Company’s image and products and services, and costs of direct advertising, and are included
in selling expenses. The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred or the first time the advertising takes place, whichever is earlier,
in accordance with the ASC Topic 720-35, “Advertising Costs”. The advertising expenses are $
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts receivable, note receivable and other receivable. The Company usually does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of the financial condition and payment practices of its customers to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, customer
A represents
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, no vendor accounts for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases.
Segment Reporting
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting”, requires use of the management approach model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) organizes segments within the Company for making operating decisions assessing performance and allocating resources. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company (see NOTE 20).
Comprehensive Income or Loss
ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income”, establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income or loss, its components and accumulated balances. Comprehensive income or loss as defined includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity, consists of changes in unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency translation.
F-13
Loss Per Share
The Company computes basic and diluted loss per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Potentially dilutive common shares are not included in the calculation of diluted loss per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”. The cost of services received from employees and non-employees in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period or vesting period. The Company records forfeitures as they occur.
Related Parties and Transactions
The Company identifies related parties, and accounts for and discloses related party transactions in accordance with ASC Topic 850, “Related Party Disclosures” and other relevant ASC standards.
Parties, which can be an entity or individual, are considered to be related if they have the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the Company or exercise significant influence over the Company in making financial and operational decisions. Entities are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.
Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive and free market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions are consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes”. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of: (i) taxes payable or refundable for the current period and (ii) deferred tax consequences of temporary differences resulting from matters that have been recognized in an entity’s financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets also include the prior years’ net operating losses carried forward. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
The Company follows ASC Topic 740, which prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statements recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.
Under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, when tax returns are filed, it is likely that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the consolidated financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest associated with unrecognized tax benefits is classified as interest expenses and penalties are classified in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
F-14
Business Combinations
The Company accounts its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations”. The purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to the tangible assets, liabilities, identifiable intangible assets acquired and non-controlling interests, if any, based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related expenses are expensed as incurred.
Consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at the fair value as of the acquisition date. Where the consideration in an acquisition includes contingent consideration, and the payment of which depends on the achievement of certain specified conditions post-acquisition, the contingent consideration is recognized and measured at its fair value at the acquisition date and is recorded as a liability. It is subsequently carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in earnings.
In a business combination achieved in stages, the Company remeasures the previously held equity interest in the acquiree immediately before obtaining control at its acquisition-date fair value and the remeasurement gain or loss, if any, is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Fair value is determined based upon the guidance of ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, and generally are determined using Level 2 inputs and Level 3 inputs. The determination of fair value involves the use of significant judgments and estimates. The Company utilizes the assistance of a third-party valuation appraiser to determine the fair value as of the acquisition date.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company performs fair value measurements in accordance with ASC Topic 820. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An asset’s or a liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC Topic 820 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
| ● | Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; |
| ● | Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly; or |
| ● | Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities. |
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying values of current assets, except for investments in marketable securities, and current liabilities approximated their fair values reported in the consolidated balance sheets due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized below (see NOTE 6):
| Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value at December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Investments in marketable securities | ||||||||||||||||
| Long-term investment in warrants | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value at December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Investments in marketable securities | ||||||||||||||||
| Long-term investment in warrants | ||||||||||||||||
F-15
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU No. 2023-07 is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, on a retrospective basis. The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07 on January 1, 2024 (see NOTE 20).
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures, to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU No. 2023-09 is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, on a prospective basis. For all other entities, it is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, requiring public companies to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the consolidated financial statements on an annual and interim basis. ASU No. 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable consist of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable – non-factored | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable – factored with recourse | ||||||||
| Total accounts receivable, gross | ||||||||
| Less: allowance for credit losses | ||||||||
| Total accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Less: current portion | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts receivable, non-current | $ | $ | ||||||
NOTE 4 – PREPAID EXPENSES
Prepaid expenses consist of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Prepayments to software and consulting services vendors | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid marketing fees | ||||||||
| Prepaid subscription fees | ||||||||
| Prepaid insurance premium | ||||||||
| Others | ||||||||
| Total prepaid expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
F-16
NOTE 5 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company
had a due to related parties balance of $
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company
had a due to related parties balance of $
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company
had a loan receivable balance of $
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company
had a short-term debt balance of $
NOTE 6 – INVESTMENTS
Investment in Equity Securities
On May 2, 2023, the Company purchased a $
Investment in Warrants
The Company received warrants from its customers
as noncash consideration from consulting services. The warrants are not registered for public sale and are initially measured at fair
value at contract inception using the Black-Scholes model and binomial model with the assistance of a third-party valuation appraiser.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Stock price | $ | $ | ||||||
| Exercise price | $ | $ | ||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Time to maturity (in years) | ||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
F-17
The Company’s investment in warrants is
measured on a recurring basis and carried on the balance sheets at an estimated fair value at the end of the year. The valuation of investment
in warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes model.
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Stock price | $ | | $ | | ||||
| Exercise price | $ | $ | ||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Time to maturity (in years) | ||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
The following table summarizes the Company’s investment in warrants activities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Fair value of investment in warrants at beginning of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Warrants received as noncash consideration | ||||||||
| Changes in fair value of investment in warrants | ( | ) | ||||||
| Warrants converted to marketable securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Warrants sold* | ( | ) | ||||||
| Fair value of investment in warrants at end of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
Investments in Marketable Securities
The Company’s investments in marketable
securities represent stocks received from its customers as noncash consideration from consulting services and stocks received upon the
exercise of warrants described above. They are registered for public sale with readily determinable fair values, and are measured at quoted
prices on a recurring basis at the end of the year.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Fair value of investments in marketable securities at beginning of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Marketable securities received as noncash consideration | ||||||||
| Marketable securities converted from warrants | ||||||||
| Changes in fair value of investments in marketable securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Marketable securities sold | ( | ) | ||||||
| Fair value of investments in marketable securities at end of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
F-18
NOTE 7 – LONG-TERM NOTE RECEIVABLE
On September 1, 2023, the Company purchased a
$
NOTE 8 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment, net consist of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Leasehold improvements | $ | $ | ||||||
| Machinery and equipment | ||||||||
| Vehicle | ||||||||
| Software | ||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation expenses are $
NOTE 9 – INTANGIBLE ASSET, NET
Intangible asset, net is as follows:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Customer relationship | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: accumulated impairment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Intangible asset, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Amortization expenses are $
NOTE 10 – LEASES
The Company has entered into operating leases
for office space with terms ranging from two to fifteen years, and finance leases for office equipment and vehicle with terms of five
years. The estimated effect of lease renewal and termination options, as applicable, that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the
determination of the lease term and initial measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities is included in the consolidated financial
statements. Right-of-use assets of finance leases of $
Operating lease costs for lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease costs include amortization, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected life of the leased assets, and interest expenses, which are recognized following an effective interest rate method. Leases with initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.
F-19
The components of lease costs are as follows:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Finance lease costs | ||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total finance lease costs | ||||||||
| Operating lease costs | ||||||||
| Short-term lease costs | ||||||||
| Total lease costs | $ | $ | ||||||
The following table presents supplemental information related to the Company’s leases:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ||||||||
| Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | ||||||||
| Financing cash flows from finance leases | ||||||||
| Finance lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Remeasurement of operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets due to lease modification | ||||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | ||||||||
| Finance leases | ||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate (per annum) | ||||||||
| Finance leases | % | % | ||||||
| Operating leases | % | % | ||||||
As of December 31, 2024, the future maturity of lease liabilities is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | Finance Lease | Operating Leases | ||||||
| 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total lease payments | ||||||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Less: current portion | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Non-current lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
Pursuant to the operating lease agreements, the
Company made security deposits to the lessors. The security deposits amounted to $
F-20
NOTE 11 – OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Other current liabilities consist of the following:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Accrued consumption taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Customer refund liability* | ||||||||
| Others | ||||||||
| Total other current liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
NOTE 12 – FACTORING LIABILITY
Sigmaways, the subsidiary acquired by the Company
in February 2023, entered into a factoring and security agreement (“Factoring Agreement”) with The Southern Bank Company,
an unrelated factor (“Factor”), in 2017, for the purpose of factoring certain accounts receivable. Under the terms of the
Factoring Agreement, Sigmaways may offer for sale, and the Factor may purchase in its sole discretion, certain accounts receivable of
Sigmaways (“Purchased Receivable”). The Factoring Agreement provided for a maximum of $
Selected accounts receivable is submitted to the
Factor, and Sigmaways receives
The Factoring Agreement specifies that eligible accounts receivable is factored with recourse. Under the terms of the recourse provision, Sigmaways is required to reimburse the Factor, upon demand, for Purchased Receivable that is not paid on time by the customers. The performance of all obligations and payments to the Factor is personally guaranteed by Prakash Sadasivam, the CEO of Sigmaways and CSO of the Company, and secured by all Sigmaways’ now owned and hereafter assets and any sums maintained by the Factor that are identified as payable to Sigmaways.
The Factoring Agreement has an initial term of twelve months and automatically renews for successive twelve-month renewal periods unless terminated pursuant to the terms of the Factoring Agreement. Sigmaways may terminate the Factoring Agreement with sixty days’ written notice to the Factor and is subject to certain early termination fee.
The Factoring Agreement contains covenants that are customary for accounts receivable-based factoring agreements and also contains provisions relating to events of default that are customary for agreements of this type.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were $
NOTE 13 – INSURANCE PREMIUM FINANCING
In January 2024, the Company entered into an insurance
premium financing agreement with BankDirect Capital Finance for $
In January 2023, the Company entered into an insurance
premium financing agreement with BankDirect Capital Finance for $
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balances
of the insurance premium financing were $
F-21
NOTE 14 – DEBTS
Short-term Debt
The Company’s short-term debt represents a loan borrowed from a financial institution as follows:
| Name of Financial Institutions | Original Amount Borrowed | Loan Duration | Annual Interest Rate | Balance as of December 31, 2024 | Balance as of December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||
| Biz Forward Co., Ltd. | JPY | (a) | % | $ | $ | |||||||||||
| (a) |
Long-term Debts
The Company’s long-term debts included bond payable and loans borrowed from banks and financial institutions, which consist of the following:
| Name of Banks/Financial Institutions | Original Amount Borrowed | Loan Duration | Annual Interest Rate | Balance as of December 31, 2024 | Balance as of December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||
| Bond payable | ||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bond issued through Resona Bank, Limited | JPY | (b)(d) | % | $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Loans with banks and financial institutions | ||||||||||||||||
| Resona Bank, Limited | JPY | (b)(c) | % | |||||||||||||
| Resona Bank, Limited | JPY | (b)(c) | % | |||||||||||||
| Resona Bank, Limited | JPY | (b)(c) | % | |||||||||||||
| Resona Bank, Limited | JPY | (b)(c) | % | |||||||||||||
| Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation | JPY | (b) | % | |||||||||||||
| Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation | JPY | (b)(c) | % | |||||||||||||
| Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation | JPY | (b)(c) | % | |||||||||||||
| Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation | JPY | (b)(c) | % | |||||||||||||
| The Shoko Chukin Bank, Ltd. | JPY | % | ||||||||||||||
| The Shoko Chukin Bank, Ltd. | JPY | Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate + | % | |||||||||||||
| Japan Finance Corporation | JPY | % | ||||||||||||||
| Higashi-Nippon Bank | JPY | (b) | % | |||||||||||||
| Higashi-Nippon Bank | JPY | (b)(c) | % | |||||||||||||
| First Home Bank | $ | (e) | Wall Street Journal U.S. Prime Rate + | % | ||||||||||||
| U.S. Small Business Administration | $ | (e) | % | |||||||||||||
| Aggregate outstanding principal balances | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Less: current portion | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Non-current portion | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| (b) | |
| (c) | |
| (d) | |
| (e) |
F-22
Interest expenses for short-term debt and long-term
debts are $
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into amended loan agreements with banks and a financial institution for certain debts. The amended terms mainly include changes of installment payment amount and maturity date. The Company analyzed the amendments under ASC Topic 470 and concluded that the amended debts are not considered substantially different and the transactions are accounted for as debt modifications with no gain or loss recognized.
As of December 31, 2024, future minimum principal payments for long-term debts are as follows:
| Principal | ||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Payment | |||
| 2025 | $ | |||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total | $ | |||
NOTE 15 – INCOME TAXES
United States
HeartCore USA, Sigmaways and HeartCore Financial,
incorporated in the United States, are subject to federal income tax at
Netherlands
Sigmaways B.V. is a company incorporated in Netherlands
in November 2019. The first EUR
Canada
Sigmaways Technologies is a company incorporated
in British Columbia in Canada in August 2020. It is subject to income tax on income arising in, or derived from, the tax jurisdiction
in British Columbia it operates. The basic federal rate of Part I tax is
Vietnam
HeartCore Luvina is a company incorporated in
Vietnam in November 2023. It is subject to standard income tax rate at
Japan
The Company conducts its major businesses in Japan
and is subject to tax in this jurisdiction. As a result of its business activities, the Company files tax returns that are subject to
examination by the local tax authority. Income taxes in Japan applicable to the Company are imposed by the national, prefectural and municipal
governments, and in the aggregate result in an effective statutory tax rate of approximately
F-23
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s income tax benefit are as follows:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income tax benefit | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
A reconciliation of the effective income tax rates reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss to the Japanese statutory tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Japanese statutory tax rate | % | % | ||||||
| Effect of income tax difference under different tax jurisdictions | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||
| Effect of expenses not deductible for tax purpose | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||
| Goodwill impairment | ( | )% | % | |||||
| Change in valuation allowance | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||
| Other adjustments | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||
| Effective income tax rate | % | % | ||||||
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented below:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Revenue adjustments | $ | $ | ||||||
| Expense adjustments | ||||||||
| Research and development – costs capitalized for tax purposes | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Asset retirement obligations | ||||||||
| Fair value change on investment securities | ||||||||
| Net operating losses carried forward | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets, gross | ||||||||
| Less: valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Asset retirement costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Intangible asset acquired through business combination | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Deferred tax assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities, net | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in future periods. The Company regularly assesses the ability to realize its deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company weighs all available positive and negative evidence, including its earnings history and results of recent operations, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies.
F-24
The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced or increased or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight may be given to subjective evidence such as the Company’s projections for growth. The adjustments of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets may cause greater volatility in the effective income tax rate in the periods in which the valuation allowance is adjusted.
Uncertain Tax Positions
The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the management considered the Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions. The Company did not incur any interest or penalties tax for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company does not anticipate any significant increases or decreases in unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months from December 31, 2024. The Company’s Japan subsidiaries income tax returns filed for the tax years ending from May 31, 2020 through December 31, 2024 are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions. The tax years ending from December 31, 2021 through December 31, 2023 generally remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and various state taxing authorities. The Company is not currently under examination in any jurisdictions.
NOTE 16 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Options
On August 6, 2021, the Board of Directors and
shareholders of the Company approved a 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”), under which
On August 2, 2022, the Company awarded options
to purchase
On August 9, 2022, the Company awarded options
to purchase
On February 3, 2023, the Company awarded options
to purchase
On August 25, 2023, the Company awarded options
to purchase
On August 1, 2023, the Board of Directors of the
Company approved a 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (“2023 Plan”), under which
The following table summarizes the stock options activity and related information for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Term (Years) | Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| As of January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||||||
| Exercised | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Granted | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Exercised | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
F-25
The Company calculated the fair value of options
granted in the year ended December 31, 2023 using the Black-Scholes model.
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 | ||||
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Dividend yield | % | |||
| Exercise term (in years) | ||||
The Company recognized stock-based compensation
related to options of $
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)
On February 9, 2022, the Company entered into
executive employment agreements with five executives and granted
On March 22, 2023, the Company entered into agreements
with employees and service providers of Sigmaways and granted
On October 1, 2024, the Company granted
The following table summarizes the RSUs activity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
| Number of RSUs | Weighted Average Value Per Share | |||||||
| Unvested as of January 1, 2023 | $ | | ||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Vested | ( | ) | ||||||
| Forfeited | ||||||||
| Unvested as of December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Vested | ( | ) | ||||||
| Forfeited | ||||||||
| Unvested as of December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||
The Company recognized stock-based compensation
related to RSUs of $
NOTE 17 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
The Company is authorized to issue
On February 1, 2023,
On October 23, 2023, the Company entered into an at the market offering
agreement (“ATM Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”), as sales agent, pursuant to which
the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Wainwright, shares of the Company’s common shares, par value of $
F-26
In November 2023, the Company established a
On March 29, 2024, the Board of Directors approved
a dividend declaration of $
On July 22, 2024, the Board of Directors approved
a dividend declaration of $
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were
preferred shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
NOTE 18 – NET LOSS PER SHARE
Basic net loss per share is calculated on the basis of weighted average outstanding common shares. Diluted net loss per share is computed on the basis of basic weighted average outstanding common shares adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options and RSUs. Potentially dilutive common shares are determined by applying the treasury stock method to the assumed conversion of share repurchase liability to common shares related to the early exercised stock options and unvested RSUs, and are not included in the calculation of diluted loss per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive.
The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Net loss per share – basic and diluted | ||||||||
| Numerator | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to HeartCore Enterprises, Inc. common shareholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Denominator | ||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in calculating net loss per share | ||||||||
| Net loss per share – basic and diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted average common shares outstanding are the same for basic and diluted net loss per share calculations, as the inclusion of common share equivalents would have an anti-dilutive effect.
F-27
NOTE 19 – BUSINESS COMBINATION AND GOODWILL
On September 6, 2022, HeartCore USA entered into
the Sigmaways Agreement to acquire
The total purchase price is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed and non-controlling interest based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill.
The purchase price is allocated on the acquisition date as follows:
| Amount | ||||
| Current assets | $ | |||
| Acquired intangible asset | ||||
| Non-current assets | ||||
| Current liabilities | ( | ) | ||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ( | ) | ||
| Non-current liabilities | ( | ) | ||
| Goodwill | ||||
| Non-controlling interest | ( | ) | ||
| Total purchase consideration | $ | |||
The results of operations, financial position and cash flows of Sigmaways and its subsidiaries have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.
Pro forma results of operations for the business combination have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The Company’s policy is to perform its annual
impairment testing on goodwill for its reporting unit on December 31 of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances
indicate that an impairment may exist. As a result of the assessment over the operating results of Sigmaways and its subsidiaries due
to changes in long-term financial plan assumptions, the Company recognized impairment loss on goodwill of $
F-28
NOTE 20 – SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Segment Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the CODM, the CEO of the Company, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and performance assessment. The Company determines its operations constitute a single operating segment and reportable segment in accordance with ASC Topic 280. The CODM assesses financial performance and decides how to allocate resources based on consolidated net income. Segment assets are reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes selected financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment and reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: | ||||||||
| Software related cost of revenues | ||||||||
| Consulting related cost of revenues | ||||||||
| Selling expenses | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| Research and development expenses | ||||||||
| Impairment of intangible asset | ||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill | ||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total other expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss before income tax benefit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income tax benefit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
Geographic Information
The following table summarizes the breakdown of revenues by geography for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Japan | $ | $ | ||||||
| United States | ||||||||
| International | ||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
The following table summarizes the breakdown of long-lived assets by geography as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Japan | $ | $ | ||||||
| United States | ||||||||
| International | ||||||||
| Total long-lived assets | $ | $ | ||||||
NOTE 21 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In January 2025, the Company entered into an insurance
premium financing agreement with AFCO Direct, a division of AFCO Credit Corporation, for $
During the subsequent period, the Company sold
marketable securities for proceeds of approximately $
F-29
EXHIBIT INDEX
110
111
112
| * | Filed herewith |
| ** | Furnished herewith. |
| † | Management contracts and compensation plans and arrangements |
113
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| HEARTCORE ENTERPRISES, INC. | ||
| Dated: March 31, 2025 | By: | /s/ Sumitaka Yamamoto |
| Sumitaka Yamamoto | ||
| Chief Executive Officer and President | ||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below hereby appoints Sumitaka Yamamoto and Qizhi Gao, and each of them, as attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution to execute in the name and on behalf of the registrant and each such person, individually and in each capacity stated below, one or more amendments to the annual report on Form 10-K, which amendments may make such changes in the report as the attorney-in-fact acting deems appropriate and to file any such amendment to the annual report on Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Sumitaka Yamamoto | Chairman of Board, Chief Executive Officer and President | March 31, 2025 | ||
| Sumitaka Yamamoto | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Qizhi Gao | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
March 31, 2025 | ||
| Qizhi Gao | ||||
| /s/ Kimio Hosaka | Director | March 31, 2025 | ||
| Kimio Hosaka | ||||
| /s/ Ferdinand Groenewald | Director | March 31, 2025 | ||
| Ferdinand Groenewald | ||||
| /s/ Prakash Sadasivam | Director | March 31, 2025 | ||
| Prakash Sadasivam | ||||
| /s/ Heather Neville | Director | March 31, 2025 | ||
| Heather Neville | ||||
| /s/ Koji Sato | Director | March 31, 2025 | ||
| Koji Sato |
114