Welcome to the D-Wave Q2 2023 Earnings Call. At this time, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. Later, we'll conduct a question-and-answer session. I'll now turn the call over to your host, Kevin Hunt. Mr. Hunt, you may begin.

Thank you, and good morning. With me today are Dr. Alan Baratz, our Chief Executive Officer, and John Markovich, our Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I'd like to remind everyone that this call may contain forward-looking statements and should be considered in conjunction with cautionary statements contained in our earnings release and the company's most recent periodic SEC report. During today's call, management will provide certain information that will constitute non-GAAP financial measures under SEC rules, such as non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP operating expenses, and adjusted EBITDA. Reconciliations to GAAP measures and certain additional information are also included in today's earnings release, which is available in the Investor Relations section of our company website at www.dwavesys.com. I'll now hand over the call to Alan.

Thanks, Kevin, and good morning, everyone, and thank you all for taking the time to join us today. Before I begin, I do want to correct what the operator said when he said Q1 earnings call. If this was Q1, we'd be really, really late. Fortunately this is our Q2 earnings call, and once again, thank you all for taking the time to join us today. So we're pleased to share our second quarter results with you, which reflect our ongoing progress in commercializing our quantum technology, as well as the continued momentum that we are seeing in the quantum industry. Overall, our quantum solutions continue to transition from R&D special projects to line of business solutions that can drive operational excellence, increase revenue, cut costs, and fuel innovation. It is clear to us that organizations are accelerating their adoption of quantum computing and in particular, D-Wave’s quantum annealing technology. They're recognizing the ability of annealing quantum computing to solve complex optimization problems today. Evidence of this can be seen in the growth in our customer bookings and increase deal sizes. In the second quarter, we closed $2.5 million in bookings, representing a 146% increase over last year's second quarter bookings with a year-over-year increase in our average deal size, up 136% across all customers, and up 163% for our commercial customers. This shows that organizations are keen to make bigger investments in our technology to build additional proofs of concepts, and ultimately to identify applications that can move into production and impact day-to-day operations. During Q2, we closed a number of new customers, including global advertising and marketing from IPG, technology heavyweight Unisys, and global industrial construction company, VINCI Energies. These and many other companies are exploring a variety of optimization problems that can be addressed by today's quantum technology with use cases including logistics, building HVAC design, satellite launch optimization, and many more. In addition to commercial momentum, we're also seeing governments around the world taking a more inclusive approach to their quantum strategies by supporting both near-term quantum technologies, such as annealing quantum computing and quantum hybrid, in addition to longer-term approaches like gate-model. Here in the U.S., there have been a multitude of bills recently introduced by Congress that are focused more explicitly on inclusion of all quantum technologies, including annealing quantum computing to accelerate adoption. Other countries like Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, and others are also shifting their focus toward near-term applications and offering support for a broader range of quantum solutions, including annealing, hybrid technologies, and gate-model. This reflects a transformative mindset shift as it wasn't long ago that governments were focused solely on gate-model solutions, and weren't looking at utilizing existing quantum systems for near-term applications. We're also seeing increased interest in the use of our quantum technology for applications in national security and defense. Just this week, I joined General John Holly, CEO of Davidson Technologies at the Space and Missile Defense Symposium to present a live demonstration of our joint interceptor assignment application. Davidson is a leading technology services company that provides innovative engineering, technical, and management solutions for the Department of Defense, aerospace, and commercial customers. We're excited by the progress of our work together to bring quantum to bear for national interests. Turning now to D-Wave’s technology, we are continuing to drive technical advancements to help further increase the performance of our quantum solutions. Our team continues to make progress in the development of our next-generation Advantage2 quantum computing system. We have now successfully fabricated a 1,200-qubit prototype processor in our new high coherence fabrication stack. Advantage2 is expected to ultimately feature over 7,000 qubits, 20-way connectivity, and significantly higher coherence. From a software perspective, we continue to make enhancements to Leap, our real-time quantum cloud service. Most recently, we introduced algorithmic updates to our hybrid solvers to drive increased performance for key customers. In addition, we are implementing organizational administration changes in Leap to streamline how we manage projects and to allow customers and partners to better manage their own projects. We recently celebrated our first anniversary of being listed on the New York Stock Exchange. It's a remarkable achievement to take a company public, especially when we did at a time of significant macroeconomic and stock market headwinds. I'm grateful to our employees, customers, partners, and investors for their ongoing support and trust in the business we're building at D-Wave. We remain at the early stages of quantum's commercialization and global impact, but as a category leader with two decades of experience in harnessing the power of this technology to solve highly complex problems, we believe we're out in front in driving this transformation. And finally, we are very pleased to report that subsequent to the second quarter, we substantially improved the company's cash position, which currently exceeds $50 million. With that, I'll hand it over to John to provide a review of our second quarter 2023 results. John?

Thank you, Alan, and thank you to everyone taking the time to participate in this call. Revenue in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 totaled $1.7 million, an increase of $336,000 or 25% and the second quarter of 2022 revenue of $1.4 million and up 8% sequentially over the immediately preceding first quarter revenue. As we outlined in our first quarter and preliminary second quarter earnings releases, the timing of revenue recognition associated with our professional services contracts may vary from period to period. However, D-Wave has generally paid in advance of the completion of its professional services engagements and the corresponding revenue recognition timeframe. I will be providing non-GAAP operating metrics, including bookings and average deal size, as well as non-GAAP financial metrics, including non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross margins, non-GAAP operating expenses, and adjusted EBITDA as we believe these metrics improve investors’ ability to evaluate our underlying operating performance. These measures are defined in the tables at the bottom of today’s second quarter earnings press release, with the non-GAAP financial metrics for the most part, adjusting for non-cash and non-recurring expenses. Due to the timing associated with our professional services revenue, we believe that our bookings performance may at times be a better indicator of our business momentum than quarterly revenue. We define bookings as orders received from our customers and they’re expected to generate revenue in the future. We present the operational metric of bookings because it reflects customers' demand for our products and services and to assist investors in analyzing our performance in future periods. As Alan previously highlighted, bookings for the second quarter of fiscal 2023 totaled $2.5 million, an increase of $1.5 million or 146% when compared to the second quarter of 2022. The second quarter bookings represent our fifth consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth in bookings. During the second quarter, D-Wave’s average deal size defined as the average dollar amount per booking increased by 136% when compared to the year earlier second quarter with the average deal size for our commercial accounts increasing by 136% on a year-over-year basis. Over the last four quarters, we had 68 revenue-producing commercial customers compared with 72 commercial customers in the immediately preceding four quarters, with total commercial revenue increasing by 44% between these two periods. And the average deal size for our commercial customers increasing by 308% between the two periods. Over the last four quarters, we had a total of 115 revenue-producing customers compared with 116 total customers in the immediately preceding four quarters. Our GAAP gross profit for the second quarter was $705,000, a decrease of $46,000 or 6% from the second quarter of 2022. GAAP gross profit was $751,000 with the decrease due primarily to higher non-cash stock-based compensation expense in the second quarter of this year. Our non-GAAP gross profit for the second quarter was $1 million, an increase of $201,000 or 25% from the second quarter of 2022 non-GAAP gross profit of $791,000. The difference between GAAP and non-GAAP gross profit is limited to non-cash stock-based compensation and depreciation expenses that are excluded from the non-GAAP gross profit. With respect to gross margins, our GAAP gross margin for the second quarter was 41.3%, a decrease of 13.5% from the 54.8% GAAP gross margin in the second quarter of 2022, with a decrease due primarily to higher non-cash stock-based compensation expense and cost of sales in the second quarter of this year. With respect to non-GAAP gross margin, our non-GAAP gross margin for the second quarter was 58.1%, a slight increase from the second quarter of 2022 non-GAAP gross margin of 57.7%. Again, the difference between the GAAP and non-GAAP gross margin is limited to non-cash stock-based compensation and depreciation expenses that are excluded from the non-GAAP gross margin. With respect to operating expenses, our GAAP operating expenses for the second quarter were $21.6 million compared with $13.2 million in the second quarter of 2022 with the year-over-year increase, including $3.7 million in non-cash stock-based compensation expense along with higher public company and headcount related expenses. Our non-GAAP operating expenses totaled $15.9 million for the second quarter compared with $12 million in the year earlier 2022 second quarter, again, with the difference between GAAP and non-GAAP operating expenses being principally non-cash stock-based compensation expense, non-recurring one-time expenses, and depreciation. The net loss for the second quarter is $25.9 million or $0.20 per share compared with a net loss of $13.3 million or $0.11 per share in the second quarter of 2022. Our adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter was a negative $14.9 million compared with negative $11.3 million in the 2022 second quarter and negative $16.9 million in the immediately preceding first quarter. The year-over-year increase is due primarily to higher public company and headcount related expenses. Now I will transition to our operating performance for the first half of 2023. D-Wave’s revenue for the first six months ended June 30 was $3.3 million, an increase of $207,000 or 7% from revenue of $3.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022. Bookings for the six months ended June 30 were $5.4 million, an increase of $3.7 million or 209% from the six months ended June 30, 2022. During the first half of 2023, D-Wave’s average deal size increased by 252% when compared to the first half of 2022. During the same period, our average deal size per booking from our commercial customers increased by 232% on a year-over-year basis. With respect to the GAAP gross profit for the six months ended June 30, it totaled $1.1 million, a decrease of $722,000 or 39% from $1.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022, with the decrease due primarily to higher non-cash stock-based compensation expense in the first half of 2023 cost of sales. Non-GAAP gross profit for the six months ended June 30 was $1.8 million, a decrease of $83,000 or 4% from the year earlier six months non-GAAP gross profit of $1.9 million. Again, the difference between the GAAP and non-GAAP gross profit is limited to non-cash based compensation and depreciation expenses that are excluded from the non-GAAP gross profit. With respect to margins, the GAAP gross margin for the six months ended June 30 was 34.2%, a decrease of 25.7% from the 59.9% GAAP gross margin in the first six months of 2022 with the decrease due primarily to higher non-cash stock-based compensation expense in the cost of sales in the first half of 2023. The non-GAAP gross margin for the first six months ended June 30 was 56.1%, a decrease of 6.4% from 62.5% in the six months ended June 30, 2022. Again, the difference between the GAAP and the non-GAAP gross margins is limited to the non-cash-based compensation expense and depreciation expenses. With respect to operating expenses for the first half, our GAAP operating expenses totaled $46.7 million compared with $25.2 million in the first half of 2022 with the year-over-year increase, including $9.3 million in non-cash stock-based compensation expense and higher public company and headcount related expenses. Our non-GAAP adjusted operating expenses for the first half of 2023 were $33.7 million, compared with $23 million in the first half of 2022. Again, with the difference between the GAAP and the non-GAAP operating expenses being primarily the non-cash stock-based compensation expense and depreciation. Net loss for the six months ended June 30 was $50.5 million or $0.40 per share, compared with a net loss of $25.3 million or $0.20 per share in the six months ended June 30, 2022. The adjusted EBITDA for the first half of 2023 was negative $31.8 million, compared with negative $21.1 million in the first half of 2022, with the increase due primarily to higher public company and headcount related expenses. Moving on to the balance sheet and liquidity. As of June 30, 2023, D-Wave’s consolidated cash balance totaled $7.5 million. As of today, our consolidated cash balance exceeds $50 million. That represents the largest cash balance in D-Wave’s history. On April 13th of this year, D-Wave entered into a $50 million four-year term loan agreement with PSPIB Unitas Investments and affiliate PSP investments. The loan agreement is comprised of three individual tranches of $15 million, $15 million, and $20 million respectively. And to date, we have drawn on the first two tranches totaling $30 million. However, there can be no assurance that the company will be able to meet the conditions necessary to draw on the third tranche. As previously disclosed on June 16th of last year, D-Wave entered into a common stock purchase agreement that is also referred to as an equity line of credit or ELOC with Lincoln Park Capital, wherein the company has the right but not the obligation to issue and sell up to $150 million of shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park, subject to certain limitations and satisfaction of certain conditions over a three-year timeframe. As of the end of the first quarter of this year, D-Wave raised approximately $20 million through the ELOC, leaving $130 million in availability with over two years remaining under the ELOC commitment. On July 24, D-Wave recommenced its use of the ELOC and has raised a total of $35.1 million through August 8. D-Wave’s ability to raise funds under the ELOC is subject to a number of conditions, including having a sufficient number of registered shares and the stock price being above $1 per share. With respect to our 2023 outlook, we are reiterating the full-year 2023 financial guidance set forth in our July 20 preliminary second quarter revenue and bookings press release. Our guidance is subject to various cautionary factors described below, and based upon the information available on August 9, 2023, guidance for the full year 2023 is as follows. We expect fiscal 2023 revenue to be in the range of $11 million to $13 million, and we expect fiscal 2023 adjusted EBITDA to be less than negative $58 million. As we have previously stated, we believe that D-Wave has the opportunity to be the first independent publicly held quantum computing company to achieve sustained profitability and to achieve this milestone with substantially less funding than required by any other independently publicly held quantum computing company.

And our first question comes from David Williams from Benchmark Company. Please go ahead, David.

Hey, good morning, and thanks for letting me ask the question. Alan, I wanted to explore a little bit about the AI capabilities. And how you think about maybe developing internal solutions that are more plug-and-play or maybe off the shelf where customers can come in and use that as a service versus maybe developing their own platform. And think about just how that would increase the time to market or your time to revenue? Is there – would you think about that or is that even a possibility? And maybe any other plans you have in that regard would be helpful to know? Thank you.

Sure. So first of all, David, thanks for taking the time to be with us this morning and for asking the question. As I mentioned previously, there is an area of artificial intelligence and machine learning that is extremely well-suited to our annealing quantum computers that’s known as feature selection. Generally anybody that does model training for AI or machine learning needs to worry about how to identify the most relevant characteristics to train the model on. And that’s what feature selection is all about. We have created a professional services offering specifically around feature selection. We realized after several customers had expressed an interest in it that there was an opportunity to develop a professional services offering that was a little bit more targeted that we could take out to market. It’s also available on AWS Marketplace as one of the offerings that AWS customers can buy through that medium. As far as a turnkey cloud-based feature selection service, we have not created that service up to this point in time. And the reason why we haven’t done it at least not yet, is that we hadn’t yet gotten comfortable that the model training across different types of application areas and models is common enough that we can make it a cookie-cutter service. We’re still finding that the professional services team needs to work with the customer to understand exactly what it is that is of most value and importance to them as they’re training the model to be able to then tune the feature selection system to be able to extract that set of characteristics. However, that’s not to say that we might not find a way to and choose to make that available as a service at some point in the future.

Thank you very much for the color there. Certainly very helpful. And John, I wanted to ask on your – in your preliminary results, it looks like you reduced your losses on the EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA for the year. I’m just wondering what is the primary driver there? What’s the difference? Is it OpEx or just maybe any color around the improved EBITDA guidance?

Principally lowering of the OpEx, David. So we – historically, we had a lot of non-recurring costs associated with preparing for and executing the public offering process as well as prior financing initiatives. So we see those costs starting to drop off over time. So that’s the principal driver, and that impacts not only finance and accounting but also our legal expenses.

Okay, great. And then just one last one if I can. You talked a little bit about the increase in government funding around the globe. Just kind of curious what you’re seeing in terms of opportunities there. What you’ve applied for and how you think that will help D-Wave in the near term and maybe even longer term? Thank you.

Yes, so David, as you know, we’ve talked regularly about the fact that D-Wave is the only commercial quantum computing company, and that everybody else is pretty much taking government research funding to help build their systems. However, there is a lot of that government funding that’s been handed out to the other quantum computing companies, and that’s not something that D-Wave has participated in up to this point in time. In part because our systems are commercial today, so we don’t need government research grants to help us build them. But in part because governments around the world until very recently had been focused on only gate-model and only our long-term R&D in the development of those systems. But what we’ve been focused on is helping governments around the world understand that quantum is real today and can be a benefit to their operations today. And so for example, we’ve had success getting language into the U.S. House version of the National Defense Authorization Act that talks to being inclusive of all quantum technologies that includes annealing as well as language around focusing on near-term applications of quantum computing, not just long-term research. And we are starting to have success in getting governments around the world. I mentioned some of those countries a minute ago to adopt the same point of view. Now it takes time for these things to kind of transition from making sure the governments understand, then getting them into the various acts and the appropriations, and then being able to tap into the funding. But we’re making good progress on that. And so, we expect that over the course of the next year or two, we’ll start to see that money flowing and D-Wave will be best able to benefit from that aspect of government funding because we really are the only ones that can help with near-term solutions. And by the way, I also mentioned that I was at the Space and Missile Defense Symposium just this week in Huntsville with Davidson where we’re demonstrating some work that we’ve done with them. And there was an enormous amount of interest in that because until then, it really just wasn’t understood by that community that quantum can help solve important problems that they’re facing today.

Thanks so much guys. Certainly, I appreciate the help.

And our next question comes from Suji Desilva from ROTH Capital. Please go ahead, Suji.

Good morning, Alan. Good morning, John. Congratulations on the progress here. So the average deal size increasing, I’m wondering if this level from last year is kind of the new level or whether those deal sizes can increase in meaning in similar magnitudes over the next 12 months, 24 months. I just know digging into that bit, there’s a number of applications per customer trending higher from kind of trying a few to more. And are – is the percent of deals involving professional services increasing? I’m just trying to figure out some of those indicators would lead to the belief that deal size will continue to grow?

Yes, so Suji, there are a couple of things that drive the increase in deal sizes. One is in fact customers buying into quantum, more broadly upfront as represented by deals that include a combination of not just one, but multiple proofs of concepts, and quantum compute as a service in support of those proofs of concepts and ultimately moving them into production. And so, the bigger deals are in part as a result of customers buying upfront more of our capability as represented by not just a single proof of concept, but multiple proofs of concept across different applications plus quantum compute as a service. And then the second element of that is as applications move from proofs of concept into production that represents a significant increase as well because the running of those applications in production really generates higher revenue quantum compute as a service deals than the shorter upfront proof-of-concept engagement deals.

Thanks, Alan. And then – thanks, Alan. And then, the Advantage2 coming online the next I think a few quarters, several quarters. Can you talk about the addressable opportunity, if there’s any increase there of any new end markets that might be tapped with the higher qubit count machine versus the three you’ve been focusing on in the past?

Yes. So I think that the work we did that resulted in the Nature paper two months or so ago really points out where we’re going to see a lot of value in Advantage2 over the current Advantage system. So in that work as I think I mentioned the last time we got together, we basically proved that our systems do coherent quantum annealing. And we proved that while they’re doing coherent quantum annealing, they’re delivering a significant speed-up over classical on hard optimization problems. However, once we leave the coherent regime, then that speed-up starts to wane. And so as we increase coherence, which is a big component of Advantage2, what we are able to do is to get to optimal solutions faster and on larger problems. So the fact that Advantage2 has not only more qubits and more connectivity, both of which allow us to embed larger problems and significantly higher coherence, which means we’re able to get to the solutions faster than in Advantage is what represents an opportunity for addressing more applications than we are able to address today. Now, how to map what I just said into specific applications. The easiest way to think about that is that the number, the way we solve commercial problems for our customers is through our hybrid solvers, because all of their applications today are larger than can be directly embedded in our quantum computer. And so the classical part of the hybrid solver takes in the problem, it finds the hard sub-problems and sends those off to the quantum computer to be solved. Okay. Now, yes, there’s a relationship between the size of the problem that comes in and the size of the problem that goes to the hybrid solvers. And as the problems coming in are larger, the problems that need to go to the quantum computer from the hybrid solver become larger. And to give you two data points, today, if we solve an employee scheduling problem, it can have a couple of 100,000 variables associated with it. And the sub-problems that are generated out of a couple of 100,000 variables are on the order of what can fit on our 5,000-qubit quantum computer with 15 way connectivity. Now, if we wanted to solve global routing for FedEx, that would require 50 million variables, not a couple of 100,000 variables. And the size of quantum computer we would need to be able to solve that particular problem would be, well, not so much more qubits, because with 7,000 or 10,000 qubits we could deal with it, it would be more connectivity. And the way we get more connectivity is with more coherence. And so by improving the coherence and improving the connectivity, we're able to solve those larger and larger problems. Now, Advantage2 won't get us to full-up global routing for FedEx, right? But what it will do is it will take us from the realm of employee scheduling to larger logistics management problems than we're able to solve today with a current Advantage quantum computer.

Okay, helpful, thanks. And thanks for the detailed answer.

And our next question comes from Richard Shannon from Craig-Hallum. Please go ahead, Richard.

Hi, Alan and John. Thanks for taking my questions as well. Maybe we'll touch on bookings here. Alan, you talked about increased activity going on here. And it's great to see the deal size is going up on a year-on-year basis, but if we look at the bookings here it was down a little bit sequentially to 92.5 here, which I guess isn't a big deal. I'd certainly love to see that grow here. So you talk about a lot of activity. Is there a sense of sales cycles lengthening that drives this or some other lumpiness and would you expect bookings to start improving on a quarter-on-quarter basis in the third quarter in the second half?

Yes, so first of all, I think it's more about lumpiness in the following sense because of the fact that we're still early on in building the business, just a kind of one or two deal change in win versus loss really makes an impact. So we are going to continue to see lumpiness for a while until the bookings end up being large enough that those small perturbations in win-loss of just a couple of deals aren't really causing a significant impact on the total bookings number. And then secondarily, actually we had been seeing cycle times coming down on getting deals closed. A year ago, we were looking at north of a year, sales cycle whereas more recently we've been looking at in a range of five to seven months. And so, again, small perturbations in that can make a difference right now given where we are. And so, okay, in the last quarter, maybe we were looking at the higher end of that rather than the lower end of that, where we were in the previous quarter. But I think the main point is that small perturbations make a difference right now, our expectation is that, as we get a little bit further down the path and the bookings become larger, that those small perturbations won't make much of a difference.

Okay. So it sounds like you're suggesting that bookings should start to improve in the second half then, is that what you're saying?

Look, what I'm saying is that bookings are going to continue to be lumpy until they become large enough that small perturbations won't matter. And our focus is on continuing to grow the site – and continue to grow bookings and revenue.

Okay. Fair enough. Let's follow up on the topic of your Advantage2 here. And you had an interesting comment in your press release in the last question from Suji was hitting on part of this, but in your press release you talked about a new 1,200-qubit processor supporting that Advantage – future Advantage2 system here. How big of an improvement is this 1,200-qubit processor from prior generations? And how does this help you scale up into larger systems over time?

Yes, so the 1,200-qubit processor is just a step on the path to the Advantage2 delivery. So the way we develop the quantum computers is we start by fabricating smaller versions to prove out the design and the fab stack and our ability to calibrate the new architecture and then we start scaling it. And so in the case of Advantage2, our product plan and roadmap involved several processors of increasing size, starting with roughly a 300-qubit processor, which I think we pointed out was available in the new higher coherent stack. I don't know, three or four months ago, a 1,200-qubit version which we've now yielded and is being calibrated. The next one in the stack is a 5,000-qubit version, and then on the 7,000-qubit version. So it's not that these are all individual products; these are all development processors that are on the path to the ultimate production quantum computer. We could choose to make any one of these available in our quantum cloud service to give our customers the ability to see early versions of the product and experiment with them or actually run applications on them. We have not yet decided whether or not we'll make the 1,200-qubit version available within Leap; we may. We almost assuredly will make the 5,000-qubit version available and then ultimately the 7,000-qubit version. The reason why we'll most assuredly make the 5,000-qubit version available is because 5,000-qubits with 20-way connectivity and significantly higher coherence will be Advantage system with the same 5,000 qubits, but less connectivity and lower coherence.

Okay. Great viewpoint there. Thanks for the detail. That's all for me. Thank you.

And our next question comes from Robert Aguanno from Piper Sandler. Please go ahead, Robert.

Hi guys. Robert Aguanno on for Harsh Kumar. Thanks for all the colors so far, and thanks for taking the question. Just longer-term thinking, can you guys talk more about the competitive landscape here, and as more companies try and get into the annealing space. I was curious about kind of the moat you guys have established and maybe how has that changed since you guys have been public?

So first of all, there's no other commercial annealing quantum computer in the market today. The only other experimental prototype system that we are aware of and that recently became available is a system that I think has like I don't know four or five qubits. I don't remember the exact number. That was an experimental research system that was developed by NEC and one of the universities in Japan experimenting with a different technology for the qubits than the flux qubits that we use. And so, it's interesting to see that there's some work now beginning in annealing beyond what D-Wave has done. However, it's very, very fledgling at this point in time. And my view on this has always been that it took us 15 years to get to the point where we had our 5,000-qubit commercial annealing quantum computer. We're not standing still. There are many, many hard problems that we had to solve along the way. Much of that is trade secret, and so anybody else that wants to enter the space is going to have a long complex road ahead of them. I think I might've mentioned in the past, the U.S. government actually had a program to build an annealing quantum computer four or five years ago. They were not successful with that. We're the only ones that have been able to pull it off up until now. And we've got 220, 225 U.S. granted patents, 400 patents worldwide in this space. So we've got a massive patent moat. So I think it's going to be a long time, if ever, before anybody is able to compete with us in annealing quantum computing.

Fair enough. Thanks for the color there. More on the guide for the back half here. The guidance implies a pretty steep ramp. So I was wondering kind of what are the puts and takes there and how should we be thinking about maybe the split between Q3 and Q4? Is there a significant ramp that we should expect in either quarter? Any color there would be great.

John, do you want to take that one?

Sure. We haven't provided any guidance, Robert, with respect to per quarter performance. But based upon the guidance on the year, obviously, you can back into what our expectations are with respect to revenue in the second half.

And our next question comes from Kevin Garrigan from WestPark Capital. Please go ahead, Kevin.

Yes. Hi guys. Thanks for taking my questions. So at a high level, can you kind of give us a sense of where most customers are in terms of your engagement model and kind of more specifically in the professional services side? Are our majority of customers maybe in the proof of concept stage or kind of still in the application evaluation stage?

Yes, so we've always said that the professional services business is the on-ramp to production applications and the quantum compute-as-a-service business. And over the course of the first half of this year, actually starting Q4 of last year, we really started to see customers focus on actually driving to get those proofs of concept engagements in place and built out as opposed to just evaluating applications. And so the bulk of the work going on right now in the professional services organization is actually building out the proofs-of-concept. Now, the next step after building out the proofs-of-concept then is trial deployments, which really involves getting the technology working in their environment on the real data as opposed to sample data and then finally moving the application into full production. So most of the customers are still in the proof-of-concept stage. We do have several that are now in the trial stage, and we have two that are very, very close to production deployment where I expect that both of them will be in production before the end of this year.

Okay, great. No, I appreciate the color Alan. And then just kind of looking at the full-year outlook, how much of that is in backlog already?

John, you want to take that?

So, we actually don’t break out our backlog, Kevin, but I think that our bookings performance over the last four quarters is indicative of what we can look for in the second half with respect to the revenue.

Okay. Got it. Got it. And then just one last quick one. Alan, you had mentioned you’re coming up on the one-year anniversary of being public. How things kind of played out in the quantum computing market versus how you imagine them one year ago? What has changed, if anything? And what are some of the things that you’ve learned over the last year?

So, first of all, I am really encouraged and excited by the progress that we are making commercially with respect to the fact that if I look back a year ago, our customers were mostly buying small amounts of time on our quantum system to kind of play around with it. We affectionately called them the DIY or do-it-yourself customers. But they were not really focused on trying to solve a real business problem. They were just doing experimentation and trying to kind of understand the capabilities of the system. And over the course of the last year, we have really progressed that to customers that have real business problems that they are interested in leveraging quantum computing to solve and working with us to help build out the solutions to those problems that do leverage our quantum computers through the proofs-of-concept. And that’s really what’s caused the deal sizes to grow so dramatically. And in the process, the sales cycle has shortened. As I said, a year ago we were looking at over a year and now we’re in the – call it on average six months range. And so we’ve progressed a lot with respect to building out the commercial side of the business over the course of the last year. I’m also really pleased with how we’ve done at getting out the message that quantum computing is real today, and that you can see real business benefits from it today. Remember, everybody else in the quantum space is building gate model systems, and they are still many years away from being able to solve real-world problems at commercial scale. And so, they’re out there and some of them have big megaphones, like an IBM or Google or a Honeywell. They’re out there saying, just dip your toe in the water, do some experimentation, start trying to build some skills, but it’s going to be a few years before you can do anything useful with quantum. And so we had to kind of overcome that rhetoric and really get through to businesses and now to governments that quantum is real today and that you can benefit from quantum today. And we’ve just made enormous progress with that. The evidence is really in the growth in bookings, it’s in the growth in deal sizes, it’s in what we’re starting to see in legislation. And so I just feel really good with the progress that we’ve made.

That makes a ton of sense. Okay, perfect. I appreciate the detail. Thank you.

And the next question comes from Quinn Bolton from Needham & Company. Please go ahead, Quinn.

Hi, Alan and John, thanks for – excuse me, taking my questions. I guess, Alan or John, just sort of looking at that second half guidance implies about a doubling in revenue, maybe a little more than doubling of revenue from the first half to the second half from less than $4 million to about $8 million. Are you seeing a pretty good increase across both professional services and the Leap QCaaS side of the business? Or is that kind of half-over-half growth really still more driven just by the timing of some of the professional services revenue recognition?

John, you want to do that?

Sure. It’s a combination, Quinn, so we’ll have some carry-over from deals that we commenced in the first half and the second half, but also based upon what our bookings momentum has been this is both on the professional services side as well as the QCaaS side with respect to the type of revenue.

Great. Good to see the QCaaS revenue increase. And I assume as that QCaaS revenue grows, that’s really driven by some of these customers moving out of the professional services and into the production. And that’s where the QCaaS revenue really jumps up, right?

Yes.

Well, in – yes, but in addition to that, there is a – there’s typically a QCaaS component to our professional services engagements as well.

Okay. Second question, Alan, you mentioned sort of the roadmap to Advantage2. You’ve got the 1,200-qubit. It sounds like the next step along the way is a 5,000-qubit processor. What do you expect the timing to be? Is that kind of a couple of quarters before you see the 5,000-qubit could potentially be longer because it sounds like you’ll put the 5,000-qubit Advantage2 system in Leap given the better performance versus today’s Advantage1.

Yes. And look, we may put the 1,200-qubit version in, we’ll see. I mean, we did a year ago put a 500-qubit version of Advantage2, but in the old fabrication stack that did not have the higher coherence, so it had more connectivity, it was only 500-qubit and didn’t have the higher coherence fabrication stack. We did make available for an early look at the architecture. We did not put the 300-qubit version that had higher coherence. We may put the 1,200-qubit; we will for sure put the 5,000-qubit. As far as the timeframe is concerned, so the reason why we build these systems in increasing size is because it’s all about tuning the fabrication stack. As the processors become larger, obviously the layout becomes denser and the fabrication has to be tuned so that we don’t see shorts or other sorts of problems in the fabrication. And so it takes some time as the processor becomes denser. I don’t want to kind of be too specific on timeframe, but it’s quarters, not years to kind of get this dialed in.

Got it. Last question for me, maybe a little bit out there. But there’s been a lot in the press over the past few weeks about this LK-99 material, which may or may not be superconducting at or near room temperature. If that material does actually prove to be a breakthrough in room temperature superconductors, would there be any benefit to your manufacturing technology? I mean, could that ultimately benefit your superconducting qubit manufacturing process?

Sure. I mean, if we’re able to build superconducting quantum computers that run at room temperature the size shrinks, the placement of the systems becomes much more flexible. So we can put them in environments that we couldn’t put them in today. So there certainly are benefits to room temperature superconducting. And we keep an eye on all these technologies. Typically though, the timeframe to go from a demonstration of room temperature superconducting to production capable materials can be quite long. But we’re constantly keeping an eye on this. The only other thing I would say is that, there’d also be a benefit in terms of the cost of the systems because the largest single component – the largest cost component of our quantum computer is the refrigerator, believe it or not. So we’d also be able to produce these systems at lower costs, although, they’re pretty cost-effective today. I think we’ve talked in the past that it takes us about $1.5 million or so to build a quantum computer today. And each one can support $25 million to $30 million in revenue. So there would be some benefits to room temperature and we’re constantly keeping an eye on it, but not totally transformative.

Got it. Okay. Thank you, Alan.

And at this time, there are no further questions. I would like to turn the call back over to Alan for closing remarks.

Okay. So once again, thank you all. As you’ve heard in today’s call, our business results reflect the growing adoption of our annealing quantum computing solutions by companies seeking methods for solving their most complex computational problems. Our growth in bookings and the expansion of our average deal sizes demonstrate increasing demand for our near-term quantum technologies and showcase D-Wave’s continued commercial momentum. Thanks again for taking the time to join us. And we’ll look forward to speaking with you all in about three months.

This concludes today’s conference call. Thank you for attending.