Rimini Street, Inc 10-K for FY2025
Rimini Street, Inc. (RMNI)
10-K
2026-02-19
For: 2025-12-31
View Original
Added on
April 10, 2026
About this 10-K
Rimini Street, Inc filed this 10-K on February 19, 2026, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (FY2025).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $421.54M
- down 1.7% from $428.75M a year earlier
- Net income
- $37.1M
- compared with a net loss of $36.27M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $0.39
- compared with -$0.40 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| Annual report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |||||
For the Fiscal Year Ended | |||||
| Transition report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |||||
| For the Transition Period from to | |||||
Commission File Number 001-37397
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | ||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||
| Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: | ||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class: | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered: | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨ | ||||||||
Smaller reporting company | ||||||||
Non-accelerated filer ¨ | Emerging growth company | |||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
As of June 30, 2025, the last business day of the registrant’s second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates, was approximately $210,119,000 based on the last reported sales price of $3.77 as quoted on the Nasdaq Global Market on such date.
The registrant had approximately 91,664,000 shares of its $0.0001 par value Common Stock outstanding as of February 17, 2026.
Documents incorporated by reference
The Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2026 Proxy Statement”) is incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. The 2026 Proxy Statement, or an amendment to this Form 10-K, will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2025. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, the 2026 Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as a part hereof.
| Auditor Name: | Auditor Location: | Auditor Firm ID: | |||||||||||||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”) includes forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” assume,” “believe,” budget,” “continue,” “could,” “currently,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “outlook,” “plan,” “possible,” “goal,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “reflect,” “results,” “seem,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, information concerning:
•our ability to attract new clients or retain and/or sell additional products or services to existing clients;
•our ability to achieve and maintain an adequate rate of revenue growth;
•cost of revenue, including changes in costs associated with our efforts to grow and the results of any efforts to manage costs to align with current revenue expectations and the expansion of our offerings;
•the effects of increased intense competition in our industry and our ability to compete effectively;
•our ability to successfully educate the market regarding the advantages of our support and managed services for enterprise resource planning (ERP) software and to sell the products and services comprising our “Rimini Smart Path™” solutions portfolio, including but not limited to our Agentic AI ERP solutions;
•our intentions with respect to our pricing model and expectations of client savings relative to use of other providers;
•the evolution of the ERP software management and support landscape facing our clients and prospects;
•estimates of our total addressable market;
•the effects of seasonal trends on our results of operations, including the contract renewal cycles for vendor-supplied software support and managed services;
•the effects of the efforts of enterprise software vendors to sell upgrades or migrations to cloud-based versions of their enterprise software on our results of operations;
•our ability to scale our operations quickly enough to meet our clients’ changing needs or decrease our costs adequately in response to changing client demand;
•risks arising from incorporating artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies into our products or services or any deficiencies associated with AI technologies used by us or by our third-party vendors and service providers;
•our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our brand;
•the continuing impact of the settlement agreement dated July 7, 2025 (the “Settlement Agreement”), among us, our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Mr. Seth Ravin, and certain affiliates of Oracle Corporation relating to the Rimini II litigation and our wind down of support services for Oracle PeopleSoft software products (the “Wind Down”);
•our ability to successfully complete the Wind Down by July 31, 2028 to comply with the Settlement Agreement and our expectations as to future period revenue loss and costs incurred related to the Wind Down;
•the loss of one or more members of our management team and our ability to attract and retain additional qualified technical, sales and marketing personnel;
•our ability to expand our marketing and sales capabilities;
•our ability to avoid interruptions to, or degraded performance of, our services and the impact of interruptions or performance problems on our operations;
•our ability to defend against cybersecurity threats, protect the confidential information of our employees and clients and comply with data protection and privacy regulations;
•our expectations regarding new product offerings, innovation solutions, partnerships and alliance programs and our ability to develop and maintain strategic partnerships;
•our ability to expand internationally and the risks associated with global operations;
•the impact of macro-economic trends, including inflation and changes in foreign exchange rates, as well as general financial, economic, regulatory and political conditions affecting the industry in which we operate and the industries in which our clients operate;
•our ability to generate significant capital through our operations or to raise additional capital necessary to fund and expand our operations and invest in new services and products;
•our business plan and our ability to effectively secure and manage our growth and associated investments;
•risks relating to retention rates, including our ability to accurately forecast retention rates;
•our ability to protect our intellectual property;
•our ability to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting;
•changes in laws or regulations, including tax laws or unfavorable outcomes of tax positions we take;
•tariff costs, including those imposed by the United States government and the potential for retaliatory trade measures by affected countries;
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•our ability to realize benefits from our net operating losses;
•any negative impact of environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters on our reputation or business and the exposure of our business to additional costs or risks from our reporting on such matters;
•the impact of the debt service obligations and financial and operational covenants under our amended and restated credit agreement dated as of April 30, 2024 (our “2024 Credit Facility”) on our business and related interest rate risk;
•our need and ability to raise equity or debt financing on favorable terms; our ability to generate cash flows from operations to help fund increased investment in our growth initiatives and the sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents to meet our liquidity requirements;
•the volatility of our stock price;
•the amount and timing of repurchases, if any, under our stock repurchase program and our ability to enhance stockholder value through such program or any other actions to provide value to stockholders;
•our ability to maintain our good standing with the United States government and international governments and capture new contracts with governmental entities/agencies;
•the occurrence of catastrophic events, including terrorism and geopolitical actions that may disrupt our business or that of our current and prospective clients;
•future acquisitions of, or investments in, complementary companies, products, subscriptions or technologies;
•the expected impact of reductions in our workforce during the last and current fiscal year; and
•other risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Report.
We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those referred to under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Report. Moreover, we operate in very competitive and rapidly changing markets in which new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Report may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable when made, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this Report are made as of the date of the filing, and except as required by law, we disclaim and do not undertake any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements in this Report. You should read this Report and the documents that we reference in this Report and have filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as exhibits with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity and performance, as well as other events and circumstances, may be materially different from what we expect.
Trademarks and Trade Names
“Rimini Street” is a registered trademark of Rimini Street, Inc. in the United States and other countries, and Rimini Street, the Rimini Street logo, and combinations thereof, and other marks marked by TM are trademarks of Rimini Street, Inc. We have utilized the ® and ™ symbols the first time each brand appears in this Report. All other trademarks and trade names remain the property of their respective owners, and unless otherwise specified, Rimini Street claims no affiliation, endorsement, or association with any such trademark holder or other companies referenced herein.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
| Business Overview | ||||||||||||||
Rimini Street, Inc. and its subsidiaries (referred to as “Rimini Street,” the “Company,” “we” and “us”) are global providers of end-to-end third-party enterprise software support, managed services and Agentic AI ERP innovation solutions.
Rimini Street, Inc. was formed in the State of Nevada in 2005 and, through a merger in 2017 with a public company, became Rimini Street, Inc., a Delaware corporation, trading on the Nasdaq Global Market under the ticker symbol “RMNI.”
Our mission is to enable our clients to better control their IT roadmap by offering a comprehensive portfolio of unified software support services and related ERP solutions – designed to be funded within existing budgets – to accelerate the vision of Transformation without Disruption,™ empowering clients to put technology to work to produce more efficient business outcomes to provide a competitive advantage and facilitate growth.
We founded Rimini Street to disrupt and redefine the enterprise software support market by developing and delivering new solutions that filled an unmet need in the enterprise software market: an alternative to software vendor support. We became and remain the leading independent software support provider for enterprise software based on both the number of active clients supported and recognition by industry analyst firms.
As our reputation for technical capability, value, ingenuity, responsiveness and reliability has grown over the past twenty years, clients and prospects have asked us to expand the scope of our support, product and service offerings to meet other current and evolving needs and opportunities related to their enterprise software. As a result, we began expanding our solutions portfolio (our “Solutions Portfolio”) to provide a wider array of support for enterprise software – including an expanded list of supported software through our Rimini Custom™ program; managed services for Workday, Dayforce and ServiceNow; and new solutions for security, interoperability, observability and consulting.
We believe that our current and prospective clients often seek to reduce the number of IT vendors to allow more manageable governance, with a desire to select vendors who can provide a wider scope of IT services and become true trusted partners.
We also understand that clients and client prospects increasingly face shrinking IT budgets, driving a further need to obtain efficiencies and savings across their entire enterprise software landscape while meeting expectations of continued new innovation to remain competitive in their respective industries – doing more with less.
To address these evolving needs and to service what we believe is a significantly expanded addressable market opportunity, we have developed a proprietary operating model for enterprise software, the Rimini Smart Path.™
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The Rimini Smart Path methodology applies a portfolio of solutions to transform how businesses support and optimize their software portfolio so they can innovate with new technologies, such as agentic artificial intelligence (AI). It has three steps: Support > Optimize > Innovate. We believe that by following the Rimini Smart Path, IT and business leaders can transform how they support and optimize their enterprise software portfolio to maximize return on their software investments, save on software support costs and improve operational performance. In our experience, these measures unlock the ability to innovate within existing IT budgets, including by investing in AI solutions such as Rimini Agentic UX,™ which was initially launched in December 2025 in partnership with ServiceNow® as an intelligent user experience layer powered by AI and deployed across existing enterprise software systems for process automation, AI-enabled productivity and enterprise visibility.
The Rimini Smart Path Design
Start with support. Rimini Street replaces software vendor annual support with Rimini Support™ for Oracle, SAP, VMware and multiple other products to deliver comprehensive third-party support at substantial annual savings relative to software vendor alternatives, including support for customizations, generally guaranteed for up to 15 years, with the goal of keeping clients secure, compliant and in control.
Optimize current enterprise software investments for enhanced value. We believe that clients can further drive down operating costs and improve business performance with Rimini Street’s Solutions Portfolio. From professional and managed services delivered by experienced engineers, proactive security with threat intelligence services like zero-day vulnerability advisories, patented and proprietary interoperability solutions and customized project planning, we aim to bridge today’s needs with tomorrow’s vision with ease, and without the need to upgrade, migrate or switch platforms.
Innovate with speed, agility and confidence. We believe our Solutions Portfolio enables clients to innovate when it’s needed most — now — not months or years from today. Rimini Innovate™ is designed to be funded by the Support and Optimize steps of the Rimini Smart Path, with the goal of empowering clients to take on strategic projects such as AI, analytics and automation without increasing overall IT spend. It is our objective for clients to experience new levels of efficiency and operating speed when adding solutions like Rimini Agentic UX to their existing systems, aiming to deliver automation, reduced workflows and transformative capabilities across their entire organization.
The Objectives of the Rimini Smart Path: Support – Optimize – Innovate
We want our clients to reimagine IT as the hero of their organization. We want to be their strategic partner, building upon our over 20 years’ depth of knowledge and expanding Solutions Portfolio capabilities to help them visualize what’s possible: build a support roadmap and bring it to life. We strive to help our clients navigate the challenge of managing an increasingly sprawling estate of enterprise software systems and the imperative for innovation now. It is our goal that whatever their business objectives may be – We’ll Get You There.™
| Support Objectives | |||||||||||||||||
Reduce software support costs | Avoid low-ROI upgrades/migrations | Maximize value of existing ERP | |||||||||||||||
| Significantly lower total support costs across clients’ enterprise software portfolio. | Run existing systems for up to 15+ years without upgrades or migrations. | Ensure enterprise applications, databases and tech stack interoperate seamlessly. | |||||||||||||||
Get comprehensive support | Outsource support | Maintain compliance | |||||||||||||||
| Receive fast, expert-level support from experienced engineers to protect business uptime. | Shift the support burden for all software to one experienced IT provider. | Stay compliant with global tax, legal and regulatory updates for 130+ countries. | |||||||||||||||
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| Optimize Objectives | |||||||||||||||||
Augment staff to fill tech skills gaps | Manage applications | Plan and rationalize systems | |||||||||||||||
| Gain access to tenured IT professionals for both long-time systems and new innovations. | Manage and run critical applications more efficiently and cost-effectively. | Optimize and simplify existing systems for greater savings and efficiency. | |||||||||||||||
Simplify cloud modernization | Secure and protect systems | Optimize software licensing | |||||||||||||||
| Migrate workloads to and from the cloud, optimizing your usage and spend. | Guard against known and unknown threats across applications, databases and infrastructure software. | Manage your software licensing programs to help mitigate potential compliance risk. | |||||||||||||||
| Innovate Objectives | |||||||||||||||||
Self-fund innovation in budget | Develop strategic IT roadmaps | Enable enterprise-wide AI & automation | |||||||||||||||
| Reallocate resources to transformation initiatives without increasing IT budget. | Create a strategic applications roadmap to guide future IT decisions. | Explore the potential to deliver board-level impact with AI in months, not years, across your enterprise. | |||||||||||||||
Modernize user experiences | Gain enterprise visibility | Introduce low code and automation | |||||||||||||||
| Deploy more modern interfaces across the IT system. | Get single-pane-of-glass visibility integrated with predictive analysis to enhance decision-making. | Accelerate new app development and integrate processes across systems. | |||||||||||||||
Rimini Street at a Glance
As of December 31, 2025, we supported over 3,100 active clients globally, including 78 Fortune 500 companies and 20 Fortune Global 100 companies, across a broad range of industries. We define an active client as a distinct entity, such as a company, an educational or government institution, or a business unit of a company that purchases our services to support a specific product. For example, we count as two separate active client instances in circumstances where we provide support for two different products to the same entity. We market and sell our services globally, primarily through our direct sales force, and currently have subsidiaries in Australia, Brazil, Canada, UAE (Dubai), France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Foreign Trade Representative Office), Israel, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.
We believe our subscription-based revenue provides a foundation for, and general visibility into, future period results. We generated revenue of $421.5 million and $428.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing a year-over-year decrease of 2%. We have a history of losses, and as of December 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $201.4 million. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded net income of $37.1 million and a net loss of $36.3 million, respectively. We generated approximately 46% and 49% of our revenue in the United States and approximately 54% and 51% of our revenue from our international business for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
We enter into support and services agreements with new clients as well as renewal agreements with existing clients at various times throughout the year. Therefore, we experience seasonality in terms of our net billing activity due to the timing of the clients’ contract term, which generally results in higher net billings during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year.
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| Our Rimini Smart Path Solutions Portfolio | ||||||||||||||
Rimini Support is our award-winning, mission-critical support for Oracle, SAP and VMware applications and for proprietary and open-source database and technology software. The service is delivered around the globe 24/7/365 with service level agreements (“SLAs”) providing a 10-minute guaranteed response time for Priority 1 (P1) critical issues and a deliberate cadence of case update communications from the time a case is opened until it is closed that we believe is unique among third-party support providers. We also offer global availability of our award-winning, mission-critical, 24/7/365 support services beyond proprietary databases to leading open-source database platforms, including, but not limited to, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL and MongoDB.
Rimini Support includes delivery of tax, legal and regulatory (“TLR”) updates where needed and contracted by our clients. With this service, we research and document TLR changes for 139 countries. We believe we offer the most comprehensive scope of TLR research available from a single vendor, including the collection and analysis of information from more than 5,500 government sites and over 26,000 localities. We determine which updates are needed by each of our clients based on their products, versions and operational jurisdictions, then we code, test and deliver those updates, governed by ISO 9001:2015-based management system processes.
Rimini Manage™ is our suite of managed services for application and database software delivered by highly skilled engineers, featuring unlimited service ticket requests and industry-unique SLAs that we believe can resolve IT staffing/skill shortages and provide smoother system operations at optimized cost. Rimini Manage permits us to “run” our clients’ systems for them day-to-day with an integrated support and managed services solution provided by a single trusted vendor.
We offer Rimini Manage for both traditionally licensed, on-premises software as well as for subscription-based, cloud products such as Salesforce®, ServiceNow, Workday® and Dayforce®, as well as cloud-based products from SAP, including S/4HANA Cloud ERP, Analytics Cloud, Basis, Fieldglass, Concur, SuccessFactors, Ariba, Commerce Cloud (formerly Hybris) and Integrated Business Planning (IBP).
In March 2025, we announced Rimini Street became a Workday Application Management Services (AMS) Partner and launched Rimini Manage for Workday services with immediate availability. We believe that with Rimini Manage for Workday, a client’s IT group will have the ability to dedicate more focus on implementing new functionality to further leverage the value of their Workday investment, enabling their team to shift their attention, time and budget towards other priorities, such as enterprise AI, workflow and automation, with the goal of maximizing the potential and output of their in-house talent.
Rimini Consult™ is our suite of professional services available for clients’ enterprise software customization, configuration, implementation, integration, interoperability, migration, staff augmentation and other project needs and delivered by experienced professionals. Rimini Consult also provides specialized advisory services, software resources planning, development services and technology and application roadmap planning designed to help clients successfully complete digital transformation and other innovative initiatives.
In May 2025, we announced Rimini Street had been appointed as a Dayforce (NYSE: Day) Community Partner and launched the availability of Rimini Manage and Rimini Consult for Dayforce. We believe that these services will help organizations run, maintain and enhance their Dayforce systems at a lower total operating cost. With an unlimited ticketing model and industry-unique SLAs, we believe Rimini Manage clients can benefit from a robust, unique offering that staffs each engagement with Dayforce-knowledgeable professionals and aims to keep systems running smoothly day-to-day at a predictable operating cost.
Rimini Protect™ is our suite of proactive, fast, cost-effective and personalized software security services and solutions. Rimini Protect provides innovative security solutions for applications, databases and technology infrastructure that are designed to protect against known and unknown threats and vulnerabilities and to quickly deploy Rimini Protect updates without any required code changes to the software being protected.
We offer Rimini Protect Advanced Database Security Suite, which we believe provides greater flexibility and enhanced security for Oracle, SAP, IBM, PostgreSQL and more, including capabilities currently exclusive to Rimini Street amongst third-party support providers.
In 2025, we launched the general availability of Rimini Protect Advanced Hypervisor Security (AHS), an exclusive solution powered by renowned Vali Cyber® AI/ML security technology. We believe the Rimini Protect AHS solution leverages innovative capabilities experienced in protecting mission-critical hypervisor infrastructure.
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Rimini Connect™ is our suite of managed interoperability solutions for browsers, operating systems and email systems that we believe can enable continued utilization of and integration with existing software and infrastructure without the need for expensive system and software upgrades and migrations. For example, our patented Rimini Connect for Browsers enables certain new browsers that are incompatible with HTML messaging being sent by some applications to connect to those applications using our “universal translator.” In addition, Rimini Connect for OS is designed to support new versions of operating systems that may be uncertified or incompatible for use with a particular software application version or release. The Rimini Connect for Email solution is designed to support multiple new authentication and email protocols with the goal of promoting seamless integration with existing email systems.
We also offer the Rimini Connect Console, which is designed to extend the useful life of existing systems by insulating applications from changes in dynamic technology stacks and compatibility standards that may otherwise require costly upgrades or custom development.
Rimini Watch™ is our suite of observability solutions that include monitoring and system health check solutions designed to monitor the performance and execution of thousands of processes continuously 24/7/365 and identify potential issues before they occur so system downtime and impacts can be avoided or mitigated. With Rimini Watch, we believe our clients will benefit from the predictability and confidence that their critical business applications are continuously monitored and will stay up and running, that problem resolution will be reduced through root cause analysis and that changes will be managed and documented.
We also offer Rimini Watch for Change Management, which we believe is a robust change management alternative to the SAP ChaRM module, which is SAP’s application for managing/tracking software changes across SAP landscapes.
Rimini Custom™ is a program that expands our support and related services to a broader portfolio of enterprise software, beyond Oracle, SAP, Salesforce and other vendor solutions for which we have historically provided support and services. Since 2024, through this program, we added support for VMware, Blue Yonder, Nuance, as well as expanded our portfolio of supported software within the Microsoft, IBM, Informatica and Tibco product lines. We continue to vet other software products for which we can market, sell and deliver support and services.
Rimini Agentic UX solutions are, as of the date of this Report, the most recent addition to our Solutions Portfolio. Introduced in December 2025, the goal of Rimini Agentic UX solutions is to combine AI-driven orchestration, automation and user experience (UX) design principles to deliver a unified, composable interface for enterprise workflows. We believe agentic AI will contribute to the next ERP technology shift: Agentic AI ERP. Deployed across existing ERP and other software, we believe that these solutions will enable clients to benefit from persona-based, AI-enhanced productivity and enterprise visibility, enabling new levels of efficiency and operational speed. Our Rimini Agentic UX catalog currently includes solutions for finance and expense management; logistics and fulfillment; maintenance operations; material and master data; order and shipment exceptions; procurement and supplier; quality and compliance; and sales and go-to-market.
The first iteration of our Rimini Agentic UX solutions was developed through our partnership with ServiceNow that began in 2024. The solutions are designed to combine the power of ServiceNow’s architecture and data model with our enterprise software support to accelerate ROI from Agentic AI ERP. Consistent with our goal to remain vendor-agnostic, future iterations of Rimini Agentic UX Solutions may be developed using tools and platforms from other large language module and AI technology providers.
Our Global License and Advisory Services (GLAS) are provided by our global team of software license optimization specialists – some of whom are former software auditors – who work as advocates, offering what is designed to be vendor-agnostic advice and guidance. We believe that with their assistance, clients can not only maintain software license compliance but also achieve desired outcomes for their IT roadmap. Our GLAS team can assist with managing the entire enterprise software lifecycle, from acquisition to termination.
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| Solutions for Which Rimini Street Offers Support | ||||||||||||||
Our subscription and fee-based software services offer enterprise software licensees a choice of solutions that replace or supplement the support products and services offered by enterprise software vendors for their products, as well as products and services offered by system integrators and other software service firms. We believe features, service levels, service breadth, technology and pricing differentiate our software products and services from our competitors. We also believe clients utilize our portfolio of software support products and services to support and optimize their existing enterprise software portfolio and transform their business to facilitate achieving their strategic, operational and financial goals.
Our clients often first replace vendor support and leverage our comprehensive support for their licensed software and customizations, along with tax, legal and regulatory updates for their specific applications and locales. A growing number of our clients then expand their service contracts with us, utilizing our managed services, security solutions, integration and interoperability capabilities, advanced strategic technology advisory services and project-based professional services. By utilizing Rimini Street’s expanded portfolio of unified solutions, we believe our clients can achieve substantial cost savings; achieve better business outcomes; obtain support for their customized software that is not generally covered under the enterprise software vendor’s service offerings; enhance their software functionality, capabilities and data usage; integrate and protect their systems and extend the life of their existing software releases and products.
Our products and services seek to enable our clients to keep their mission-critical systems operating smoothly and to remain in tax, legal and regulatory compliance; improve productivity and better allocate limited budgets, labor and other resources to investments that potentially provide competitive advantage and support growth.
The following table summarizes and compares the software support features of our Rimini Support solution to what management believes in its experience are the typical features of competing support offerings from enterprise software vendors:
| Base Software Support Feature | Rimini Street | Typical Enterprise Software Vendor | ||||||||||||
| Annual Cost and Resource Savings Compared to the Software Vendor | • | |||||||||||||
| Guaranteed 10-Minute Response Time 24x7 For Critical (Priority 1) Issues | • | |||||||||||||
| Guaranteed Cadence of Case Update Communications for Open Cases | • | |||||||||||||
| Named Regional Primary Support Engineer (PSE) for Each Client | • | |||||||||||||
| Issue Resolution and Software Bug Fixes | • | • | ||||||||||||
| Support for Application Customizations | • | |||||||||||||
| Operational, Installation, Configuration and Upgrade Support | • | • | ||||||||||||
| Performance, Interoperability and Integration Support | • | |||||||||||||
| Security Support | • | • | ||||||||||||
| Localization Support | • | |||||||||||||
| Tax, Legal and Regulatory Updates | • | • | ||||||||||||
| Full Support of Current Release for at Least 15 Years from Contract Date | • | |||||||||||||
Our current Rimini Support solution provides services for a broad range of enterprise software vendors, product families and product lines. In the future, we intend to expand our support services to additional software vendors and products to meet the growing and diverse needs of our clients. The table below sets out the vendors and products we currently support and/or could support in the future:
| Supported Vendor or Product Category | Supported and/or Managed Software | |||||||
| SAP Applications | Business Suite, R/3, BusinessObjects, S/4HANA, S/4HANA Cloud (public and private editions), SuccessFactors, Ariba, Hybris, SAP IBP, SAP Analytics, Analytics Cloud, Fieldglass, Concur, Governance Risk and Compliance, IS-Oil, IS-Retail, IS-Media, IS-Utilities, IS-Auto, IS-Mills, IS-Mining, IS-Aerospace & Defense, IS-Automotive, IS-Apparel & Footwear, IS-Public Sector, IS-Higher Education, IS-Healthcare, IS-Telco, IS-Insurance, IS-Banking | |||||||
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| Supported Vendor or Product Category | Supported and/or Managed Software | |||||||
| SAP Databases | HANA, ASE (Sybase), IQ, MaxDB, SQL Anywhere | |||||||
| Oracle Applications | E-Business Suite, PeopleSoft, JD Edwards - Enterprise One, JD Edwards – World, Siebel, Hyperion, Oracle Retail (Retek), Agile Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), ATG Web Commerce, Oracle Utilities, Financial Services Analytical Applications (OFSAA), Communications, Endeca, Demantra, Governance Risk and Compliance (GRC), Oracle Transportation Manager (OTM), Primavera, Oracle Global Knowledge Software Releases/ User Productivity Kit (UPK), Oracle Banking | |||||||
| Oracle Technology | Oracle’s Application Integration Architecture Releases, GoldenGate, OBI and OBIEE, Essbase, Fusion Middleware, Identity Management, WebLogic, WebCenter, SOA Suite, Oracle Data Integrator (ODI) | |||||||
| Oracle Databases | Oracle Database | |||||||
| Microsoft | SQL Server, Dynamics 365, Dynamics AX, Windows, Nuance | |||||||
| IBM | Db2, Informix, Cognos, Content Manager, DataPower, DataStage, Infosphere, MQ Series, Sterling Order Management, Tivoli, TM1, webMethods, Websphere, App Connect, Analytics | |||||||
| Open Source and Other Databases | PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB, MariaDB, Adabas | |||||||
| VMware | vSphere, ESX and ESXi, vCenter, Workstation, vRealize, Aria Suite, NSX, vSAN, Site Recovery Manager, Horizon, Workspace ONE, Tanzu | |||||||
| ServiceNow | Creator Workflow, App Engine for ERP, ERP Canvas, Sourcing & Procurement Operations, Supplier Lifecycle Operations, Account Payable Operations, App Engine, Workflow Data Fabric, Integration Hub, HR Service Delivery, IT Service Management, IT Operations Management | |||||||
| Salesforce | Service Cloud, Sales Cloud, Data Cloud, Experience Cloud, Energy and Utilities Cloud, CPQ, MuleSoft, Health Cloud, Field Service, Revenue Cloud, Marketing Cloud, Tableau, Commerce Cloud, Higher Education Cloud, ClickSoftware | |||||||
| Workday | Financial Management, Financial Planning, Human Capital Management, Human Resource Management, Operational Planning, Spend Management, Workforce Management, Workforce Planning | |||||||
| Dayforce | Human Resources, Benefits, Payroll, Talent Management, Workforce Management | |||||||
| Additional Software | COBOL, OpenText, Informatica, Blue Yonder, Tibco, Amdocs, QAD, Infor (M3 Lawson, LN), MicroStrategy, UKG (Kronos), Vistex, Redwood Software, LoadRunner, Linux (RedHat and Suse) | |||||||
When we provide our Rimini Support solutions for a traditional software license, we generally offer our clients service for a fee that we believe is equal to approximately 50% of the annual fees charged by the software vendor for their base support. When providing supplemental software support for a perpetual license, where the client procures our support service in addition to retaining the software vendor’s base support, we generally offer our clients service for a fee that we believe is equal to approximately 25% of the annual fees charged by the software vendor for their base support. We also offer a special support service, Rimini Street Extra Secure Support, available to clients that require a more rigorous level of security background checks and/or government security clearance for engineers accessing a client’s system than our standard employment security background check and requirements. Clients generally pay an additional fee for Rimini Street Extra Secure Support.
We also offer additional support, products and services through our Rimini Manage, Rimini Protect, Rimini Connect, Rimini Watch and Rimini Consult solutions at an additional fee. Subscriptions for additional solutions are designed to meet specific client needs and are designed to provide what we believe is exceptional value and return for the fees charged.
| Our Industry | ||||||||||||||
We compete in the global IT services market for enterprise software support, products and services. We believe several major trends are shaping the IT services and support industry, impacting the manner in which businesses engage with service
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providers and creating significant sales and service needs that the Rimini Smart Path can fulfill through our current and evolving Solutions Portfolio, including new market opportunities for Agentic AI ERP modernization.
The Desire for Client Control of IT Roadmaps
Enterprise software vendors have historically been the primary providers of software support services for their products, enabling such vendors to dictate which products and releases are supported and for how long, the scope of support services offered, service levels, terms and pricing. We believe the lack of credible competitors of any scale other than the enterprise software vendors left software licensees with little choice but to agree to the software vendors’ proposed terms of service, or risk potential tax, legal and regulatory non-compliance or failures of critical systems that require knowledge and skill sets beyond a licensee’s own abilities to resolve. Some software vendor support customers may be required to perform expensive and disruptive upgrades to newer product releases – even if they find no business value in doing so – just to remain eligible to receive full support.
We believe enterprises are steadily increasing their use of open-source databases to save on license and support costs, speed time to results and avoid complex license compliance issues. We further believe that there is insufficient support for open-source solutions and that enterprises seek help in navigating how to migrate parts of their enterprise software portfolio to open-source software and in supporting the resulting hybrid environment.
We believe that application managed services (AMS) for enterprise software is a large market with significant unmet needs in client satisfaction and value. Traditional AMS providers compete on price, but the traditional AMS model relies upon a “land and expand” model based on initially cheaper, less-skilled workers that frequently leads to higher costs, poor client satisfaction and potential degradation in service over time. In addition, traditional AMS offerings are often disparate and separate from software vendor support, with inherent inefficiencies and gaps that further limit responsiveness, root cause analysis and business value.
We believe that businesses are pursuing and adopting new, next-generation ERP system strategies, architectures and technologies referred to collectively as “composable ERP” by leading industry analysts. We believe composable ERP can provide organizations with greater systems flexibility and business agility to respond and meet current and future needs. As explained under the heading “The Future is Now: Agentic AI ERP,” we also believe that the future of ERP will include enterprise-wide agentic AI processes and cross-product user experiences focused on the work to be done rather than the applications and databases of specific software packages. Further, we believe that we are helping clients achieve the business benefits of a new operating model for enterprise software with our unique Rimini Smart Path solution that leverages their existing ERP system investment as the foundation for a modern composable ERP architecture that is designed to enable the seamless integration of new software components and capabilities from a variety of software vendors. In a composable ERP strategy, we believe that businesses can take advantage of a modular functionality approach by selecting a mix of best-of-breed vendors, products and technologies to achieve their strategic, operational and financial goals – instead of being confined to the conventional architecture, technology, products and capabilities of a single ERP software vendor like SAP or Oracle.
Increasing Vendor-Pressured Upgrades and Migrations
Major enterprise software vendors, including Oracle, SAP, Infor and Microsoft, routinely promote upgrades and cloud migrations as strategic imperatives. We believe these campaigns often target stable, mission-critical systems that have been customized over years of use.
We believe these vendor-driven initiatives may feel compulsory, with support timelines, security updates and access to new features often tied to compliance with upgrade schedules. As a result, licensees may feel compelled to invest in costly and disruptive projects that may not align with their business priorities or deliver meaningful innovation.
The cumulative impact of these migrations can include prolonged implementation cycles, increased reliance on external consultants and significant internal resource allocation. In many cases, we believe the business case for upgrade is weak and the opportunity cost of diverting funds from transformative initiatives, such as AI or automation, is substantial.
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Traditional IT Service Offerings Not Meeting Full and Evolving Client Needs
Enterprise software support, products and services is one of the largest categories of overall global IT spending. We believe that for mission-critical ERP, customer resource management (CRM) and related enterprise software, the costs associated with failure, downtime, security exposure and maintaining the tax, legal and regulatory compliance of these core software systems have also increased. As a result, we believe that licensees often view software support as a mandatory cost of doing business.
In a traditional licensing model, the customer typically procures a perpetual software license and pays for the license in a single upfront fee (“perpetual license”), and base software support services can be optionally procured from the software vendor for an annual fee that is typically 20–23% of the total cost of the software license.
In our experience, the base level of software support provided by enterprise software vendors has traditionally been delivered through call centers and generally includes the right to receive and use product support services, software bug fixes, and functional, technical, tax, legal and regulatory updates. Annual maintenance agreements with software vendors also generally include the right to receive and use new releases of the licensed products, if and when made available. Base software support provided by enterprise software vendors generally excludes other important, commonly needed enterprise services, such as support for interoperability outside of vendor-published compatibility matrices, security solutions beyond patches for known vulnerabilities, software performance guidance, how-to questions and customizations. Some enterprise software vendors do not include major new releases in the base support services, and instead, they charge additional license fees for such releases.
With software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) subscription models, the right to use the software and support for the software are typically bundled into a single contract. For that model, we do not provide product support, but, rather, provide managed services, like Rimini Manage, and consulting, like Rimini Consult, to help clients optimize their software operations.
Principally, for these reasons, we believe the software products and services historically offered by software vendors, such as Oracle, SAP, IBM, Microsoft and VMWare, do not meet the full and evolving needs of their customers across perpetual, subscription and open-source software, and are often more costly than alternatives. We further believe that disparate AMS offerings from other managed service providers are disconnected from the needs of enterprises, which ends up promoting incremental costs and inefficiencies. The product, service and cost gaps have created a significant market opportunity for our unique portfolio of solutions for software support and management to meet the underserved needs of enterprise software licensees at a value-driven price point.
Evolving ERP Software License Models Increase Cost and Reduce Transparency
We have observed that ERP vendors are beginning to evolve licensing strategies in ways that increase cost and reduce transparency. The traditional licenses described above are increasingly being replaced with subscription-based models, often bundled with consumption-based pricing and tiered access to features.
We believe these changes complicate budgeting and forecasting, as enterprises must navigate fluctuating costs tied to usage metrics, user counts and data volumes. Additionally, we have observed that license audits and compliance enforcement have become more aggressive, introducing financial and legal risk.
We also believe that this evolving license landscape limits flexibility. Enterprises may find themselves locked into vendor ecosystems, unable to scale or pivot without incurring penalties or renegotiating contracts. We believe this dynamic undermines the strategic autonomy of IT departments and reinforces vendor dependency.
ERP Software is Reaching Technological and Functional Limits
We believe that two converging trends are reshaping the future of ERP software. First, we have observed that, while ERP software remains vital for managing core business operations, its overall value has diminished. As technology matures, systems face growing limitations in their flexibility, yet the costs continue to rise as organizations are burdened by constant vendor-driven upgrades and evolving license models that add complexity rather than clarity.
We have observed that the share of IT budget allocated to ERP software has grown substantially, yet the return on investment is declining. Enterprises are spending more on costs associated with annual software maintenance, continuous upgrades and migrations for ERP software, but the returns, measured in speed to market, business flexibility and reduced cost to serve, have significantly declined.
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Further, despite being marketed as modern solutions, many ERP software upgrades are built on architecture and design principles that restrict the ability of enterprises to adopt emerging paradigms such as agentic and generative AI. The core platforms of leading ERP vendors were developed years ago and have undergone incremental enhancements – but not fundamental redesigns.
The Future is Now: Agentic AI ERP
While existing ERP software can continue providing great value for many years to come as a transactional backbone, we believe ERP software is peaking in capability and therefore results in diminishing returns to any further investments in ERP software upgrades or migrations. Instead, we believe new ERP capabilities will be deployed in Agentic AI ERP.
The emerging technology that is agentic AI deploys intelligent electronic “agents” with the ability to “think like humans” and automatically set goals, make decisions and take actions in pursuit of those goals. We believe that agentic AI is ushering in the rise of the next ERP technology paradigm shift – Agentic AI ERP – in which enterprises can use Agentic AI ERP to automatically execute and orchestrate business processes across software products and data stores – generally without limitation to where data or application logic resides. We also believe that benefits of Agentic AI ERP include faster and more accurate transactions, better decision making and automation of processes previously performed by human labor.
We believe that enterprises can extend the useful lifespan of their existing customized and stable versions of ERP software and invest the savings to fund deployment of an agentic AI platform “over the top” of their current ERP software, turning their ERP software into a backend functional “engine” with agentic AI technology taking over execution of automated business processes and acting as a new human interface.
With the introduction of Rimini Agentic UX to our Rimini Smart Path Solutions Portfolio in December 2025, we believe that we are positioning ourselves to deliver clients an accelerated roadmap to Agentic AI ERP. While there are vendors who are currently building agentic AI solutions on SaaS systems and creating stand-alone agentic AI agents, we believe that we are the only established ERP service provider that is specifically focusing on agentic AI solutions across on-premises and existing ERP software, including across multiple ERP software vendors. We are looking ahead to capitalize upon what we believe is a fast-growing market and uncontested sector, working in strategic partnership with AI platform providers.
| Our Competitive Advantages | ||||||||||||||
We believe that we have a number of competitive advantages that will enable us to strengthen our position as the leading independent provider of enterprise software support while continuing to expand our Solutions Portfolio. Our key competitive strengths include:
The Rimini Smart Path: A Unique End-to-End Software Support, Managed Services and Solutions Model
We believe that our Rimini Smart Path methodology differentiates us not only from enterprise software vendors, but also from other providers of independent, third-party enterprise software support, as well as providers of integrated managed services, security, interoperability and observability solutions and other forms of IT professional and consulting services. As we continue to expand our Solutions Portfolio beyond independent enterprise software support, we believe that no other organization provides our unique set of unified support, products and services across multiple enterprise software product lines, applications, databases and technologies, anchored by our comprehensive enterprise software support solutions.
We believe our integrated support products and services, offered at a value-driven price point, provide a significant return on investment for our clients that cannot be achieved solely by the use of traditional enterprise software vendor offerings or by engaging multiple IT solutions providers.
Clear Leadership Position and Highly Experienced Management Team
We are the global leader of independent enterprise software support services for Oracle, SAP and VMware products, based on both number of active clients and recognition by industry analyst firms. We believe we have produced substantial thought leadership in our market through our extensive marketing efforts and promotion of the independent enterprise software support model, including participation in key industry conferences, publishing white papers and hosting webinars. Further, our senior management team has over 200 years of combined experience in the enterprise software and services industry with companies such as Accenture, EDS, Hewlett-Packard, JD Edwards, Oracle, PeopleSoft, ServiceSource and SAP and with a significant amount of time and experience focused on building, managing and delivering support products and services. We
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believe our senior management team’s significant relevant industry experience positions us to continue to extend our market leadership and that this position enables us to bring new services to market more quickly, attract and retain high quality personnel and acquire new clients.
Global Team of Service Delivery Specialists
As of December 31, 2025, we provided support, products and services for over 3,100 active clients globally, including 78 Fortune 500 companies and 20 Fortune Global 100 companies. Our team of over 1,160 support engineers, developers and other experts span the globe, providing 24/7/365 support to clients with operations in over 150 countries. On average, our highly qualified PSEs have over 20 years of relevant industry experience, which we believe provides us with a competitive advantage and is a key element of our proven track record of providing exceptional client service. Combined, the members of our global service delivery team speak and write in eight languages: English, French, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Chinese (Mandarin), Portuguese (Brazilian) and Spanish.
Our ability to provide 24/7/365 support stems both from location – members of our global service delivery team serve our clients from 17 different countries in five regions, providing overlapping continuous coverage – and from the functionality of our global capability centers, currently located in Hyderabad, India and São Paulo, Brazil, with current plans to open a third global capability center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Our Approach to Client Success
We have spent over twenty years investing in our Client Support Delivery and Client Engagement Teams, resulting in what we believe is a client centric operating model and culture.
•Client Support Delivery - Our Client Support Delivery Team is Engineered for Support®, delivering mission-critical support to our clients worldwide, 24/7/365.
•A key element of our support delivery model is the assignment of one or more named PSEs, who serve as the primary product support contact for our clients and provide technical advice, functional expertise and general support with the aim of resolving all support.
•On average, our PSEs have over 20 years of experience and significant real-world understanding of client implementations and deployments.
•For the year ended December 31, 2025, we generally delivered an average support call response time of less than two minutes for an experienced engineer to engage with a client to address critical (P1) and serious (P2) issues, shorter than the 10-minute guaranteed response time that is standard in our client support.
•Our Global Service Delivery Innovation team has developed internally-used AI applications designed to further enhance a client’s overall service experience. Built using open-source technologies, the AI applications can be integrated into support processes along with other new AI applications when they become available. By way of example, we were granted a U.S. patent for our “Case Assignment Advisor,” which is one of our AI applications used as a competitive advantage in servicing our clients. We believe our AI applications have already delivered substantial service benefits to clients, including accelerating case resolution times by an average of approximately 23%.
•Client Engagement - Client success managers in our Client Engagement organization serve as a single point of contact for all non-product support-related client issues. The Client Engagement organization works closely with our Client Support Delivery, Innovation Solutions and Sales organizations to provide what we believe, based on client feedback, support case satisfaction survey results and analyst checks, is an exceptional client experience with superior client satisfaction and success, with the ultimate goal of retention, renewal and expansion of our client contracts. The Client Engagement team oversees the following client management processes:
•Onboarding - When a client switches to our support products and services, a client success manager oversees the onboarding process, which is a set of interwoven processes that new clients undertake to facilitate a successful migration to our support model. During this time, we help clients smoothly transition their support while we gain an in-depth understanding of a client’s business needs, IT infrastructure, IT strategies and objectives.
•Account Management - Following the onboarding period, client success managers coordinate our resources and capabilities to provide personalized support to each client. When issues arise, client success managers escalate them within our organization as appropriate to help ensure client satisfaction. Client success managers are also tasked with establishing and maintaining executive relationships and promoting expansion of usage and cross-sell of our extensive services within each client’s organization.
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•Account Retention - Client success managers play an integral role in client retention by helping to ensure our clients are realizing the full value of our service offering and working with our Renewal Sales team on the renewal and extension of client contracts.
The strategic objectives of our Client Engagement program are to:
•Broaden executive relationships at our most strategic client accounts with the aim of creating outstanding lifetime value;
•Bring strategic insight and drive the renewal process and cross-sell strategy;
•Win a seat at the table for transparent technology strategy discussions; and
•Connect executives across clients to create a stronger peer community.
Scalable Business Model
We believe our client support model, combined with proprietary tools and processes, enables us to scale quickly and cost-effectively to meet growing global demand in our existing product lines. We also believe that our proven ability to deliver value to an extensive list of clients across a broad range of industries validates our business model and provides us with important references to prospective clients. We are proficient at applying our support methodologies and approach to new product lines, enabling us to rapidly and efficiently support additional enterprise software products in the future. We are able to scale by investing in support-related infrastructure and by developing patented and patent-pending artificial intelligence support applications that further optimize our support processes and ensure service delivery outcomes at scale for our clients. Additionally, we have received ISO certifications for our support services to help ensure our clients consistently receive high-quality, responsive service as our client base continues to grow.
Strategic Partnerships
In 2024, we expanded our strategic initiative to go to market with an elective roster of partners. We believe our partner program brings together the best technology and business service brands, each recognized for their proven solutions, to deliver new, exciting options for top-and bottom-line growth for clients. Whether it’s helping organizations gain operational efficiency through better support, unlock funds to leverage AI or future-proof, protect and enhance systems, we believe our partner offerings will be complemented by our end-to-end software support, management and innovation solutions.
Client-Centric Culture
We believe that our culture is a key element of our success and one of our core values. We recruit employees who share a passion for delivering exceptional service to our clients and continuously measure, recognize and reward employees for achieving exemplary client satisfaction. We further believe that our culture has enabled us to attract and retain high-quality, experienced and skilled professionals. Over the years, we have earned several Great Place To Work® awards globally, have achieved exceptional client satisfaction ratings and have won numerous Stevie Awards for customer service.
| Our Growth Strategy | ||||||||||||||
We possess deep expertise in enterprise software products, services and support and intend to leverage our leadership position to further penetrate our current markets and expand our support product and service capabilities into new markets. The key elements of our growth strategy include:
Continue to Expand Our Portfolio of Supported Vendors and Products
Since our inception over 20 years ago, we have developed a comprehensive portfolio of enterprise software support and related products and services, including support services for applications, databases and technologies; managed services for applications, databases, technologies, cloud and security; security, interoperability and observability solutions and professional services. We believe there is a significant market opportunity to offer support and related products and services for additional vendors and software, and we intend to extend our Rimini Support offerings to additional enterprise software vendors, product lines and releases.
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Continue to Develop Strategic Partnerships
We are proud of the valuable relationships that we have developed with our strategic partners over the years. Our network of channel partners, solution partners and platform providers includes some of the world’s most well-respected names in technology including ServiceNow, T-Systems, CDS, Merlin Cyber and American Digital. We believe that the Rimini Street partner program brings together many of the best technology and business service brands, each recognized for their proven solutions, to deliver new, exciting options for top- and bottom-line growth.
Become an Industry Leader in Delivering Agentic AI ERP Solutions
We believe that we are uniquely positioned to become an industry leader in delivering Agentic AI ERP as a result of our over 20 years of knowledge of ERP software processes, our experience providing software product support (ITIL Level 4) across dozens of ERP software platforms, and our understanding of customer ERP customizations. We also believe that our recent experience with over 25 global Agentic AI ERP pilot programs in 2025 will provide the learning and foundation for eventual deployment at scale.
Add New Clients
We believe that the market for independent enterprise software support products and services is large, growing and underserved. We expect significant growth opportunities in our market as organizations increasingly look to achieve more value from their technology budgets. We are continuing to make significant investments in sales and marketing and will continue our strong focus on acquiring new clients.
Continue Global Expansion
For the year ended December 31, 2025, we generated approximately 54% of our revenue outside of the United States. We believe that there is a large opportunity to grow our global business by increasing our direct sales force and by selectively using strategic marketing and sales partnerships around the world. We attribute revenue to individual countries based on the location of the contracting entity. For the year ended December 31, 2025, Japan represented 12% of total revenue. No other foreign country individually comprised more than 10% of revenue for the three-year period ended December 31, 2025.
Further Penetrate Our Existing Client Base
We intend to increase adoption of our solutions among our existing clients by selling additional Rimini Support contracts for other software products, releases and instances used within their organizations as well as by selling new contracts for our expanded portfolio of solutions, including, but not limited to, managed services, security, interoperability, observability and professional services. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 66% of our over 1,560 unique clients have selected us to provide services, products and solutions for more than one of their software product lines, and we believe there is additional opportunity for growth within our existing client base. Our client-centric focus, in combination with the critical nature of our portfolio of solutions, enables us to maintain close working relationships with our clients’ primary decision makers, which we believe helps us identify and capitalize on additional growth opportunities.
Expand our Managed Services Global Offerings
Our Rimini Manage for SAP and Oracle enterprise software integrates our ultra-responsive traditional support services with clients’ day-to-day AMS needs. AMS is comprised of system administration, operational support, health monitoring and enhancement support, and we believe this offering can provide clients with a better model, better people and better outcomes with higher satisfaction and potentially significant savings of time, labor and money. We also believe that Rimini Manage can deliver these same benefits to clients who require database management services for a wide array of databases. In addition, we are a Salesforce partner and offer Rimini Manage for their Salesforce Sales Cloud, Salesforce Service Cloud and other Salesforce products. With our ServiceNow partnership, we now also offer managed services for ServiceNow products. We are also an Amazon Web Services (AWS) partner and offer Rimini Manage for their cloud offering used by our clients.
Continue to Launch New Enterprise Software Support Solutions
Alongside our existing portfolio of products and services, we intend to develop and bring to market new enterprise software solutions that help our clients with various business needs. For example, we anticipate our list of supported products to
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expand with the Rimini Custom program, and we plan to deliver new innovation solutions for specific business functions leveraging the AI, automation, analytics and user experience capabilities in the ServiceNow platforms.
Continue to Capitalize on the Shift to Hybrid IT
We believe organizations are increasingly creating more complex IT environments that are a mixture of multiple technologies, business models and vendors, including traditional license and subscription license software solutions, deployed across the client’s system and cloud computing providers (hybrid IT environments), and consisting of proprietary and non-proprietary open-source software, all from a multitude of different technology vendors. We believe traditional enterprise software vendors and general consulting firms cannot effectively support these heterogeneous environments because of complex integrations, customizations, multi-vendor relationships and other unique challenges. Further, we believe a hybrid IT strategy enables organizations to reliably and cost-effectively run their business on an existing, stable core enterprise software platform, while at the same time enabling them to more quickly adopt new innovative applications and services, including digital, cloud, mobile and analytics. Multi-application, multi-environment solutions create a unique growth opportunity for independent support providers like Rimini Street.
| Sales and Marketing | ||||||||||||||
We sell our solutions primarily through our global direct sales organization. We organize our sales force by geographic region with sales teams currently covering North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa, Middle East and Asia-Pacific. We organize our sales and marketing professionals into territory-specific teams in order to align sales and marketing toward common sales goals. Our sales cycle can vary substantially from client to client but typically requires six to twelve months depending on the scope of the support, products or services being purchased. Enterprise software customers typically need to renew their vendor support contracts on an annual basis so there usually is an existing budget for our Rimini Support solutions, and that budget may be larger than our fees since most of our prospective clients are enterprise software vendor customers paying higher annual fees for their current support services than we charge for our Rimini Support solution. The sales cycle for our Rimini Manage or other solutions, beyond our Rimini Support solutions, may or may not be replacing the services of an incumbent vendor and, therefore, may not be dependent on the renewal date of an existing annual contract.
We attempt to commence discussions with prospective clients far enough in advance of that prospective client’s services end date with their current vendor, to provide enough time to complete the sale and to perform certain transition tasks. In addition to new support, products and service sales to prospective and existing clients, we have a dedicated sales team focused on renewals of existing client subscription contracts.
We generate global prospect leads, accelerate sales opportunities and build brand awareness through our marketing programs. Our marketing programs target chief innovation officers, chief financial officers, chief procurement officers and other IT executives, senior business leaders and procurement specialists. We focus on the unique benefits of our offerings. Additionally, our marketing programs serve to create further market awareness and differentiation across our solutions portfolio. We believe we are recognized as a thought leader and a service leader in the enterprise application support market and a growing, serious competitor in our other newer solution markets such as managed services, security, interoperability, observability and consulting.
More recently, we have implemented go-to-market strategies targeting private equity firms with value messaging on cost, margin and exit goals. In August 2025, we became an approved supplier on the United States General Services Administration’s (GSA) Multiple Award Schedule (MAS) under the contract 47QTCA25D00DT for Oracle, SAP and VMware support and security services, permitting federal, state local and tribal governments to procure our services directly from the GSA schedule.
We have also defined and implemented a strategic partner and alliance program. By working with a portfolio of leading channel partners, solution partners and platform providers, we are able to further enhance our market credibility and awareness, execute growth strategies through enhanced scale and reach, and improve sales and marketing effectiveness and productivity. We collaborate with strategic partners to define joint solutions, alighted go-to-market plans, collaborative marketing and demand generation activities, as well as unified selling motions.
Our marketing programs include the following:
•Using our website to provide enterprise application and Rimini Street company information, as well as learning opportunities for potential clients, in the form of blogs, videos, eBooks and webinars;
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•Business development representatives who respond to incoming leads to convert them into new sales opportunities;
•Online savings cost calculators to demonstrate the potential value of switching to Rimini Street for enterprise software support;
•Participation in, and sponsorship of, field marketing events, including user conferences, trade shows and industry events;
•Online marketing activities, including email campaigns, online advertising, social media (X, Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn) and content syndication;
•Client success case studies across multiple industries;
•Co-marketing through channel partners and alliances, including co-branded events;
•Advertisements on targeted television, streaming and radio news outlets;
•Global public relations events, including:
•Street Smart – executive forums for clients and invited guests featuring client panels, keynote presentations by IT experts and peer networking while enjoying local cuisine; and
•Street Light – collaborative, conversation-driven, roundtables led by subject matter experts in various technology fields;
•Thought leadership through marketing to industry analysts, speaking engagements and sponsored research; and
•Outreach and engagement with our active clients to explore cross-selling opportunities and maintain high retention rates.
| Our Values and Mission | ||||||||||||||
Our mission is brought to life by the “4 Cs” – Company, Clients, Colleagues and Community. With every decision we make, we strive to take into account its impact on each quadrant, ensuring our actions reflect, strengthen and shape our relationships with those we serve.
| The 4Cs of Rimini Street | |||||||||||||||||
 | Company |  | Colleagues | ||||||||||||||
| We dream big and innovate boldly, ensuring our collective vision delivers extraordinary outcomes for the 4Cs | Rimini Street is home to top talent, committed to a culture of mutual respect and collaboration | ||||||||||||||||
 | Clients |  | Community | ||||||||||||||
| We relentlessly pursue solutions that help clients achieve and surpass their financial, strategic and operational goals | We believe in leaving the world a better place than when we found it through donations, in-kind giving and volunteer work | ||||||||||||||||
| Human Capital | ||||||||||||||
Guided by our commitment to provide “extraordinary technology solutions powered by extraordinary people,” we strive to foster an environment that enables and encourages our employees in this pursuit. To this end, we believe that recruiting, retaining and developing high-performing talent is important to our success. We view all employees as partners and are committed to providing an exciting, participatory and team-oriented work environment.
As a key aspect of our success, we believe our culture helps enable our efforts to recruit and retain high quality talent. In addition, we strive to offer compensation, bonus and benefit programs appropriate for top-performing professionals. To ensure alignment with our short- and long-term objectives, our compensation programs for all employees include base pay, short-term incentives and opportunities for long-term incentives. Furthermore, we believe our remote delivery model provides an attractive employment option for our highly experienced PSEs compared to consulting roles that can require significant
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travel and also reduces our carbon footprint. As a company built on a foundation of remote and hybrid working, we believe these arrangements continue to provide flexibility to employees around the globe.
As of December 31, 2025, we employed over 1,980 professionals globally. We also engage temporary employees and consultants as needed. None of our U.S.-based employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Certain of our non-U.S.-based employees are members of unions, works councils, trade associations or are otherwise subject to collective bargaining agreements in particular jurisdictions, as required by local labor laws. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relations with our employees to be very good.
Total Rewards Philosophy
We offer programs and resources designed to support the mental, physical, social and financial well-being of our employees. In addition to resources available through our health care plan providers, we offer a no-cost confidential employee assistance program that provides assessments, short-term counseling, referrals and follow-up services to employees who have personal and/or work-related problems.
Our Global Event Outreach Team, which is a division of our Security Department, monitors for events worldwide that may impact the health and safety of our employees, such as inclement weather, natural disasters and public safety emergencies, reaching out to potentially impacted employees to offer resources if they are in need of assistance.
Workplace Practices and Policies
We are committed to creating an inclusive environment. Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to age, race, color, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender or gender identity, disability, protected veterans’ status or any other characteristic protected by applicable law.
As of the date of this Report, we have earned multiple employee satisfaction awards and certifications, including Great Place To Work® (a recognized global authority on workplace culture and employee satisfaction) certifications in Australia, France, the United Kingdom and the United States; a top 20 ranking from India’s Best Workplaces™ in both the “for Millennials” and “Great Mid-Size Workplaces” categories; a top 10 ranking from Korea’s Best Workplaces™ (as well as additional honors in Korea of Best Workplaces™ for Parents, “Proud Working Mother,” the Great Place To Work® “Pioneer Award,” a Great Place To Work® “Innovation Leader” and “Most Respected CEO” in Korea); Stevie® Gold Globee Awards for “Customer Service Executive of the Year” and Stevie® Silver Globee Awards for “Customer Service Department of the Year.”
Community Involvement
Through the Rimini Street Foundation, which is an initiative funded and managed internally by the Company, we encourage our employees to “support humankind” and share our Company’s success by investing back into the communities we serve through in-kind donations, employee time, Company financial support and funded volunteer activities around the world. Since its launch in 2015, the initiative has supported over 600 charities across six continents, with over 6,000 volunteer hours donated by our employees and their family and friends. In 2024, TrustRadius recognized the Company and the Rimini Street Foundation with a Tech Cares Award, which celebrates B2B technology organizations that excel in corporate social responsibility initiatives “dedicated to driving beneficial progress throughout their organization and community.” In February 2025, in honor of the 10th anniversary of the Rimini Street Foundation, the Company announced the fourth annual launch of the Foundation’s “RMNI LOVE” Grant Program, awarding a total of $100,000 to ten global charities.
| Certifications | ||||||||||||||
ISO certifications are part of our commitment to developing and executing best-in-class processes to ensure our clients consistently receive exceptional service. We have achieved and maintain ISO 9001 and ISO 27001 certifications.
In 2010, we achieved ISO 9001 Quality Management System certification for “Third-party provider of enterprise software support services specifically on-boarding of client and client environments”. In 2011, we expanded our certification for “Provision of third-party enterprise software support services specifically on-boarding of client, building of client environments, worldwide tax and regulatory research and delivery of tax and regulatory updates”. In 2012, we expanded our certification for “Global provision of enterprise software support services, including client onboarding; client account management; product support for vendor delivered and client customized code; fix development and delivery; and research, development and delivery of worldwide tax, legal and regulatory updates”. The certification process verifies that detailed
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processes for relevant business areas are reviewed, continuously monitored and improved to ensure services and deliverables are consistently delivered with excellence. During 2018, the ISO standard was upgraded. Our current ISO 9001:2015 certification is effective December 2025 through December 2028. During this certification cycle, annual surveillance audits are conducted to validate ongoing compliance with the requirements.
In 2013, we achieved worldwide ISO 27001 information security certification for our support services. ISO 27001 is a security standard covering “The Information Security Management System that supports the global provisioning of third-party software development and maintenance services”. Independent assessments of our conformity to the ISO 27001 standard include evaluating security risks, designing and implementing comprehensive security controls and adopting an information security management process to meet security needs on an ongoing basis. Our current ISO 27001:2022 certification is effective March 2025 through April 2028. During this certification cycle, annual surveillance audits are conducted to validate ongoing compliance with the requirements.
| Competition | ||||||||||||||
We compete in the global IT services market for enterprise software support, products and services and believe the principal competitive factors in our market include, but are not limited to, the following:
•track record of technical capability to provide the required software support;
•ability to identify, develop and deliver required tax, legal and regulatory updates;
•infrastructure model to deliver support globally within guaranteed service levels;
•a recognized high level of client satisfaction;
•ease of support model onboarding, deployment and usage;
•breadth and depth of support functionality, including the ability to support customized software;
•cost of products and services;
•brand awareness and reputation;
•capability for delivering services in a secure, scalable and reliable manner;
•ability to innovate and respond to client needs rapidly;
•agentic AI solutions specifically designed to operate across existing ERP solutions; and
•size of referenceable client base.
As further discussed under “Our Competitive Advantages,” above, we believe we compete favorably with our competitors on the basis of these factors. We have also invested significant resources in developing our unique service methodologies. We believe our support management model allows us to gain an in-depth understanding of a given client’s unique software environment, enabling rapid and accurate responses to a client’s service requests.
We believe our primary competitors for our Rimini Support solutions are the enterprise software vendors whose products we service and support, including, but not limited to, Oracle, SAP, IBM, Microsoft and VMWare. We expect that continued growth in our market could lead to significantly increased competition resulting from new entrants. In the meantime, our success and growth will depend to a substantial extent on the willingness of companies to engage an independent service vendor such as us to provide software maintenance and support services for their enterprise software.
We believe our primary competitors for our Rimini Manage, Rimini Consult and Rimini Watch solutions are systems integrators and consulting firms globally, including, but not limited to, Accenture, IBM, Wipro, Cap Gemini and DXC. We expect the market for these solutions to continue to be highly competitive. Our success and growth in management services will rely in part on our ability to differentiate the value and benefits of our fully integrated support and management solutions compared to other vendors’ offerings or internal resources, and our success and growth in consulting will rely in part on our ability to differentiate our talent, experience, value and benefits compared to other vendors’ resources and offerings.
We believe our primary competitors for our Rimini Protect solutions are manufacturers of other enterprise software security solutions, including, but not limited to, Oracle, SAP, IBM and Broadcom. We believe our primary competitors for our Rimini Connect solutions are manufacturers of other enterprise interoperability and connectivity products, including, but not limited to Citrix, Dell, Salesforce, Oracle and IBM. We expect the market for these solutions to continue to be highly competitive. Our success and growth in security and interoperability solutions will rely in part on our ability to differentiate the value and benefits of our solutions compared to other vendors’ offerings.
We believe our primary competitors for our Rimini Agentic UX solutions are Oracle and SAP, as well as global systems integrators such as Accenture, IBM, Wipro, Capgemini and DXC, agentic AI platform providers such as Palantir and
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UiPath, and potentially general AI providers such as OpenAI, Anthropic, Google and Amazon. We believe our competitive advantage against each of these competitors is our extensive expertise in supporting the ERP, CRM and other transactional software products that will underpin agentic AI capabilities.
We must note that some of our actual and potential competitors currently have advantages over us, such as longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing or other resources, greater name recognition and deeper customer relationships. Additionally, some enterprise software licensees are reluctant to engage a relatively smaller independent company such as us to provide services for their enterprise application software, choosing instead to rely on services provided by their enterprise software vendor or other larger competitors in our various service markets.
| Intellectual Property | ||||||||||||||
We rely on federal, state, common law and international rights, as well as contractual restrictions, to protect our intellectual property consisting of a combination of trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, service marks, domain names and patented technology. We control access to our proprietary technology by entering into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors, and confidentiality agreements with third parties, such as service providers, vendors, individuals and entities that may be exploring a business relationship with us.
We own numerous patents, none of which individually are material to our operations as a whole. These patents expire at various times over approximately the next 16 years. We also protect certain details about our processes, products and strategies as trade secrets, keeping confidential the information that we believe provides us with a competitive advantage.
We maintain trademark registrations for the Rimini Street, Engineered for Support, We Do Support, and Other Companies Do Software We Do Support trademarks in the United States. We also maintain trademark registrations for Rimini Street in Canada, the European Union, China, Japan, India, Australia and maintain or have applied for trademarks in certain other countries. Such registered trademarks will expire unless renewed at various times in the future.
Despite our efforts, policing unauthorized use of our processes and software tools and intellectual property rights is difficult. As of the date of this Report, we are not aware of any material breaches of our intellectual property rights.
| Information About our Executive Officers | ||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of our executive officers as of February 19, 2026:
Name Position | Age | Experience | ||||||||||||
Seth A. Ravin President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors  | 59 | Mr. Ravin founded our company and has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board since September 2005 and as our President since March 2023. He also previously served as our President from September 2005 to January 2011. Prior to founding Rimini Street, Mr. Ravin served in various executive roles at TomorrowNow, Inc. from May 2002 to April 2005, most recently as President and a board director. TomorrowNow, Inc. was a supplier of software maintenance and support services for Oracle’s PeopleSoft and J.D. Edwards applications, and was acquired in January 2005 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of SAP America, Inc. From April 2000 to March 2001, Mr. Ravin served as Vice President of Inside Sales for Saba Software, Inc., a provider of e-Learning and human resource management software. From April 1996 to April 2000, Mr. Ravin served in various management roles at PeopleSoft, Inc. (acquired by Oracle), most recently as a Vice President of the Customer Sales Division. Mr. Ravin holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the University of Southern California. | ||||||||||||
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Name Position | Age | Experience | ||||||||||||
Steve Hershkowitz Executive Vice President and Chief Revenue Officer  | 62 | Mr. Hershkowitz has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Revenue Officer since April 2024. Prior to joining Rimini Street, from February 2022 to April 2024, Mr. Hershkowitz was the Chief Revenue Officer at Virtana Corporation, where he ran global sales, transforming the company from a hardware-based perpetual license business to a robust software, subscription and SaaS model. Previously, from April 2010 to February 2022, Mr. Hershkowitz served in multiple roles at Hewlett Packard Enterprise (“HPE”), most recently as Vice President and General Manager, running the High Performance Compute and AI organization. Prior to this role, he was Vice President and General Manager of HPE’s North America Large Enterprise. Mr. Hershkowitz is a distinguished veteran of the United States Air Force where he served honorably. Mr. Hershkowitz studied Business Administration and Management at the University of Maryland. | ||||||||||||
Nancy Lyskawa Executive Vice President and Chief Client Officer  | 63 | Ms. Lyskawa has served as our Executive Vice President & Chief Client Officer since April 2023. Previously, she served as our Executive Vice President, Global Client Onboarding from March 2020 to April 2023 and our Senior Vice President, Global Client Onboarding from September 2009 to March 2020. Prior to joining us, Ms. Lyskawa was with Oracle from December 2004 to September 2009, where she served in various executive roles, most recently as Vice President, Support Services and Marketing, from August 2005 to September 2009. From March 1994 to December 2004, she served as head of Global Services Marketing for PeopleSoft, Inc. (acquired by Oracle). From May 1986 to March 1994, Ms. Lyskawa served in various roles with Electronic Data Systems Corporation (acquired by Hewlett-Packard Company). Ms. Lyskawa is a Certified Management Accountant (CMA). Ms. Lyskawa holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting and Finance from the University of North Dakota and a Master’s Certificate in Marketing from the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University. | ||||||||||||
Kevin Maddock Executive Vice President and Chief Recurring Revenue Officer  | 60 | Mr. Maddock has served as our Executive Vice President, Chief Recurring Revenue Officer and General Manager, North America, since May 2024. Previously, he served as our Executive Vice President, Chief Recurring Revenue from March 2021 until May 2024, our Executive Vice President, Global Sales - Recurring Revenue from March 2020 until March 2021, our Senior Vice President, Global Sales - Recurring Revenue from January 2018 to March 2020 and our Senior Vice President, Global Sales from December 2008 to January 2018. Prior to joining us, Mr. Maddock served as Executive Vice President of Worldwide Inside Sales and Operations for ServiceSource, a recurring revenue management company, from October 2004 to March 2008. From May 1998 to September 2004, Mr. Maddock served as Vice President of Worldwide Support Service Sales at PeopleSoft, Inc. (acquired by Oracle). From September 1995 to May 1998, Mr. Maddock served in multiple roles at KPMG Consulting. From August 1987 to April 1993, Mr. Maddock served in various roles at Accenture (formerly Andersen Consulting). Mr. Maddock holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Finance with Honors from the University of Notre Dame and a Master’s Degree in Business Administration from the Anderson School of Management at UCLA. | ||||||||||||
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Name Position | Age | Experience | ||||||||||||
Michael L. Perica Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer  | 54 | Mr. Perica has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since October 2020. Prior to joining us, Mr. Perica served as Vice President Finance and Chief Financial Officer of the Energy Systems Global business unit at EnerSys (NYSE: ENS), a global leader in stored energy solutions. Mr. Perica joined EnerSys in December 2018 as the result of EnerSys’ acquisition of Alpha Technologies, where he led the sell-side process as Alpha Technologies’ Chief Financial Officer. Prior to his appointment as Chief Financial Officer in August 2015, he had served as Alpha Technologies Vice President, International Finance and Operations since November 2013. Prior to his tenure at Alpha Technologies, Mr. Perica served as the Chief Financial Officer of Channell Commercial Corporation and spent 12 years as a sell-side analyst on Wall Street where he worked in senior publishing analyst positions at various investment banks. Mr. Perica holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from Central Michigan University and a Master’s Degree in Business Administration from the University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business. | ||||||||||||
David Rowe Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer  | 60 | Mr. Rowe has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer since May 2025. Previously, he served as our Chief Product Officer, Chief Marketing Officer and Executive Vice President, Global Transformation from August 2024 to May 2025. Prior to that, he served as our Executive Vice President, Global Transformation & Chief Product Officer from March 2023 until August 2024, our Executive Vice President, Global Transformation from September 2021 until March 2023, our Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer from March 2020 to September 2021, our Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer from April 2012 to March 2020, our Senior Vice President of Global Marketing and Alliances from December 2008 to April 2012 and our Vice President Marketing and Alliances from September 2006 to December 2008. Prior to joining us, Mr. Rowe served as Vice President of Product Management and Marketing at Perfect Commerce, Inc., an eProcurement company, from November 2004 to June 2006. From May 1995 to June 1999, Mr. Rowe held various positions with PeopleSoft, Inc. (acquired by Oracle), most recently serving as Director, Product Strategy. From July 1988 to April 1995, Mr. Rowe served in various roles at Accenture (formerly Andersen Consulting). Mr. Rowe holds a Bachelor of Science in Engineering from Harvey Mudd College. | ||||||||||||
| Available Information | ||||||||||||||
We make our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports, as well as our other SEC filings, available on our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our website address is www.riministreet.com. References to our website are provided as a convenience, and the information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference in this, or any other, SEC filing.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Various factors could affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Any of the factors described in this section or other risks described elsewhere in this Report could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations. Should any of these factors materialize, the trading price of our securities and the value of your investment might significantly decline.
You should also refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” set forth in the introduction to Part I of this Report. All forward-looking statements made by us are qualified by the risk factors described below.
The following is a summary of some of the principal risk factors, which are more fully described below.
Risks Related to Our Ability to Grow Our Business
•If we are unable to attract new clients or retain and/or sell additional products or services to existing clients, our revenue growth could be adversely affected.
•If our revenue continues to decline or fails to grow at a rate sufficient to offset expenses associated with efforts to grow, or if we are unable to manage our costs to be profitable, we may not be able to maintain or increase our level of profitability.
•We face significant competition for each component of our Solutions Portfolio.
•We may need to change our pricing models to compete successfully.
•We may experience fluctuations in our results of operations due to the sales cycles for our products and services and from the efforts of enterprise software vendors to sell upgrades or migrations to cloud-based versions of their enterprise software, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations to fall below expectations.
•We may not be able to scale our operations quickly enough to meet our clients’ changing needs or decrease our costs adequately in response to changing client demand, and if we are not able to manage these changes efficiently, our results of operations could be harmed.
•We may not be successful in implementing our Agentic AI ERP initiatives.
•Incorporating AI technologies into our products and services or using AI in our operations may result in challenges that could adversely affect our business, reputation or financial results.
•If we fail to enhance and protect our brand, our ability to expand our client base will be impaired.
•If there is a widespread shift by clients or potential clients to enterprise software vendors, products and releases for which we do not provide products or services, or if our efforts to enhance, expand and develop new products and services are not successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely impacted.
•Our litigation with Oracle may continue to present challenges for maintaining and growing our business for the unforeseeable future.
Risks Related to the Operation of Our Business
•Any uncured, material breach of our 2025 Settlement Agreement with Oracle could result in future adverse outcomes in litigation currently subject to a judicial stay and/or litigation standstill, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.
•Our Settlement Agreement with Oracle requires us to complete the Wind Down within a certain time period, and we are unable to guarantee the outcome of our efforts to comply with such requirements or the timing of the associated, expected significant reductions in revenue. Nor can we predict the total anticipated costs associated with the Wind Down, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
•Oracle could pursue additional litigation with us.
•The loss or disability of one or more key employees could harm our business.
•The failure to attract and retain qualified technical, sales and marketing personnel, or to expand our marketing and sales capabilities could prevent us from executing our business strategy.
•Interruptions to, or degraded performance of, our services could result in client dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of clients, limited growth and reduction in revenue.
•If our products and services fail due to defects or other similar problems, and if we fail to correct any defect or other software problems, we could lose clients, become subject to service performance or warranty claims and/or incur significant costs.
•Interruptions or performance problems with technologies and services from third parties that we use to operate critical functions of our business, including any deficiencies associated with AI technologies incorporated by us in our services offerings or used by us or such third parties, could harm our business.
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•Cybersecurity threats continue to increase in frequency and sophistication; if our data security measures are compromised or our services are perceived as not being secure, clients may curtail or cease their use of our services, our reputation may be harmed, and we may incur significant liabilities.
•Our client engagements are becoming more complex, with longer, more expensive sales cycles, increased pricing pressure and implementation and configuration challenges.
•Because our long-term strategy involves further expansion of our sales outside the United States, our business is increasingly susceptible to risks associated with global operations, including currency exchange rate fluctuations and taxes, trade and data regulations.
•Consolidation in our target sales markets is continuing at a rapid pace, which could harm our business if our clients are acquired and their agreements are terminated, or not renewed or extended.
Risks Related to General Economic Conditions and Our Financial Performance
•Economic uncertainties and adverse changes in the general economy or in the industries in which our clients operate may result in increased costs of operations, disproportionately affect the demand for our products and services and could negatively impact our results of operations.
•Our failure to generate significant capital through our operations or raise additional capital necessary to fund and expand our operations, invest in new services and products and service our debt could reduce our ability to compete and harm our business.
•If our retention rates continue to decrease or we do not accurately forecast retention rates, our future revenue and results of operations may be harmed.
•Because we recognize revenue from subscriptions over the term of the relevant contract, downturns or upturns in sales are not immediately reflected in full in our results of operations.
•Due to the variability of timing in our sales cycle, if we fail to forecast our revenue accurately, or if we fail to match our expenditures with corresponding revenue, our results of operations and liquidity could be adversely affected.
•Our future liquidity and results of operations may be adversely affected by the timing of new orders, the level of client renewals and cash receipts from clients.
Risks Related to Laws, Regulations and Policies
•Our business may suffer if it is alleged or determined that our technology infringes others’ intellectual property rights.
•We are subject to legal and contractual obligations related to privacy and security, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.
•If we fail to adequately protect our proprietary rights, our competitive position could be impaired and we may lose valuable assets, experience reduced revenue and incur costly litigation to protect our rights.
•If we are not able to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business and have an adverse effect on our Common Stock price.
•We may be subject to additional obligations to collect and remit sales tax, VAT and other taxes, and we may be subject to tax liability, interest and/or penalties for past sales, which could adversely harm our business.
•Our realization of the benefits from our net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes depends, in part, upon future events, the effects of which cannot be determined; and if we are not able to use a significant portion of our net operating loss carryforwards, our profitability could be adversely affected.
•We are a multinational organization, and we could be obligated to pay additional taxes in various jurisdictions.
•Our reputation and/or business could be negatively impacted by ESG matters and/or our reporting of such matters and expose us to additional costs and risks.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness, Securities and Corporate Governance
•Our level of indebtedness and any future indebtedness we may incur may limit our operational and financing flexibility.
•Our 2024 Credit Facility imposes operating and financial restrictions on us.
•Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our indebtedness service obligations to increase significantly.
•The price of our Common Stock may be volatile.
•Any issuance of Common Stock upon the exercise of outstanding warrants expiring in June 2026 will dilute existing stockholders and such issuances and/or any sales of Common Stock by large stockholders may depress the market price of our Common Stock.
•Certain of our common stockholders can exercise significant control, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.
•Our stock repurchase program could affect the price of our Common Stock and increase volatility and may be suspended or terminated at any time, which may result in a decrease in the trading price of our Common Stock.
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•There can be no assurance that we will pay dividends on our Common Stock; if we do not pay cash dividends, the ability to achieve a return on investment in our Common Stock will depend on price appreciation of our Common Stock.
•The DGCL and our organizational documents contain provisions that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
•Our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or stockholders could be limited by our choice of forum in our bylaws.
Risks Related to Our Ability to Grow Our Business
If we are unable to attract new clients or retain and/or sell additional products or services to our existing clients. our revenue growth could be adversely affected. Further, if our revenue continues to decline or fails to grow at a rate sufficient to offset expenses associated with efforts to grow, or if we are unable to manage our costs to be profitable, we may not be able to maintain or increase our level of profitability.
We will need to generate and sustain increased revenue levels in future periods while managing our costs to be profitable, and, even if we do, we may not be able to maintain or increase our level of profitability. Our revenue declined from $428.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $421.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, representing a period over period decrease of 2%. We believe our revenue growth depends on a number of factors, including our ability to:
•add new clients, secure renewals or service extensions by existing clients on terms favorable to us and sell additional products and services to existing clients;
•price our products and services so that we are able to attract new clients and retain existing clients without compromising our profitability;
•introduce our products and services to new geographic markets;
•introduce new enterprise software products and services supporting additional enterprise software vendors, products and releases;
•manage relationships with our strategic partners to provide, develop and create applications that integrate with our Solutions Portfolio;
•satisfactorily complete our obligations under our Settlement Agreement with Oracle, as described below; and
•increase awareness of our Company, products and services on a global basis.
We may not successfully accomplish these objectives.
As competitors introduce low-cost and/or differentiated services that are perceived to compete with ours, or as enterprise software vendors introduce competitive pricing or additional products and services or implement other sales strategies to compete with us, our ability to sell to new clients and renew agreements with existing clients based on pricing, service levels, technology and functionality could be impaired. In addition, certain of our existing clients may choose to license a new or different version of enterprise software from an enterprise software vendor, and such clients’ license agreements with the enterprise software vendor will typically include a minimum one-year mandatory maintenance and support services agreement. In such cases, it is unlikely that these clients would renew their maintenance and support services agreements with us, at least during the early term of the license agreement. In addition, such existing clients could move to another enterprise software vendor, product or release for which we do not offer any products or services. As a result, we may be unable to renew or extend our agreements with existing clients or attract new clients or new business from existing clients on terms that would be favorable or comparable to prior periods, which could have an adverse effect on our revenue and growth.
Additionally, we intend to continue to expend significant funds to expand our sales and marketing efforts. We will continue to collaborate and partner in key strategic areas, including agentic AI, to drive revenue growth for both new and existing offerings. Client adoption rates are less certain in these highly competitive and rapidly developing areas. Additionally, emerging business models may unfavorably impact demand and profitability for our other service offerings and introduce additional competition. If we do not adequately and timely anticipate and respond to changes in client and market preferences, competitive actions, disruptive technologies and emerging business models, client demand for our service offerings may decline. Further, our efforts to grow our business may be costlier than we expect, and we may not be able to increase our revenue enough to offset our higher operating expenses.
In addition, efforts to encourage growth have placed and may continue to place significant demands on our management and our operational and financial resources. Recent changes to our organizational structure and reductions in our workforce to align our operational needs with our ability to achieve and sustain profitability will necessitate adjustments to our operational, financial and management controls, as well as our reporting systems and procedures. We may not realize the
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anticipated benefits, savings and improvements from the recent changes to our organizational structure and associated reductions in workforce if our revenue continues to decline, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Further, we believe that our corporate culture has been a critical component of our success. However, efforts to encourage growth may make it difficult to maintain our corporate culture. For example, recent changes to our organizational structure and reductions in our workforce may yield unintended consequences, such as attrition beyond our intended reduction in workforce and reduced employee morale. We must allocate valuable management resources to drive our reorganizational efforts without undermining our corporate culture of rapid innovation, teamwork and attention to client service. Any failure to manage efforts to encourage growth and related organizational changes in a manner that preserves our culture could negatively impact the achievement of our business objectives and our ability to achieve and maintain profitability.
Our revenue for any previous periods should not be relied upon as an indication of our revenue or revenue growth in the future. Further, our efforts to produce future growth may not result in increased revenue. If we are unable to achieve and sustain revenue growth or profitability, the market price of our securities may significantly decrease.
We face significant competition for each component of our Solutions Portfolio, including from enterprise software vendors and other companies offering independent enterprise software support, products and services, from other suppliers of managed IT and IT consulting services, as well as from software licensees that self-support, which may harm our ability to add new clients, retain existing clients and grow our client base across all of our offerings.
Our current and potential competitors across each component of our Solutions Portfolio may have significantly more financial, technical, sales and marketing teams and other resources than we have, may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products and services, may have more extensive customer bases and broader customer relationships than we have and may have longer operating histories and greater name recognition than we have. Our competitors include enterprise software vendors and companies offering independent enterprise software support, products and services, as well as other suppliers of managed IT and IT consulting services. These competitors include companies of various sizes and both public and private companies, including large, global companies and smaller companies with more specialized focuses, new entrants and AI or cloud-native companies. Specifically, we face intense competition from enterprise software vendors, such as Oracle and SAP, who provide software support for their own products. Competitors have offered, and may continue to offer, discounts to companies to whom we have marketed our services. In addition, competitors, including enterprise software vendors, may take other actions to maintain their business, including changing the terms of their customer agreements, the functionality of their support, products or services, or their pricing. For example, since 2017, Oracle has prohibited us from accessing its support websites to download software updates on behalf of our clients who are authorized to do so and permitted to authorize a third party to do so on their behalf. In addition, the support, license or other contractual policies of our competitors, including Oracle and SAP, may penalize customers that choose to use our or any independent provider’s services or products. Further, the contractual policies of enterprise software vendors, such as Oracle and SAP, may contain clauses that penalize customers that seek to return to the software vendor to purchase new licenses or support following a departure from the software vendor’s support program, thus deterring such customers from transitioning to our services. In addition, our current and potential competitors, including enterprise platform vendors that are acquiring, building or investing in automation and AI functionality of partnering with automation and AI providers, including agentic AI providers, may develop and market new technologies that render our existing or future enterprise software support, products or services (including our Agentic AI ERP solutions) less competitive or obsolete. Finally, we also face competition from software licensees that choose to self-support. Many enterprise software licensees have invested substantial personnel, infrastructure and financial resources in their own organizations with respect to support of their licensed enterprise software products and may choose to self-support with their own internal resources instead of purchasing support services. Competition could significantly impede our ability to sell our enterprise support, products and services on terms favorable to us, and we may need to decrease our prices to remain competitive. If we are unable to maintain our current pricing due to competitive pressures, our margins will be reduced and our results of operations will be negatively affected.
We also compete with respect to certain of our support services with several smaller support services vendors in the independent enterprise software support services market. Certain providers of independent enterprise software support, products and services may have or may develop more strategic relationships with enterprise software vendors, which may allow them to compete more effectively than us over the long term. To the extent any of our competitors have existing relationships with potential clients for any component of our Solutions Portfolio, those potential clients may be unwilling to purchase our services because of those existing relationships, which could cause the demand for our services to be substantially impacted. Further, our competitors may attempt to use our Wind Down of support and services for Oracle’s PeopleSoft products described below to dissuade certain of our prospective or existing clients from purchasing or continuing to purchase any or all of the components of our Solutions Portfolio, including our enterprise software support services. We expect competition to continue to increase in the future, which could harm our ability to increase sales, maintain or increase renewals and maintain our prices.
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We may need to change our pricing models to compete successfully.
We generally offer our clients support services for a fee that is equal to a percentage of the annual fees charged by the enterprise software vendor; therefore, changes in such vendors’ fee structures would impact the fees we would receive from our clients. If the enterprise software vendors offer deep discounts on certain services or lower prices generally, we may need to change our pricing models, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, our other product and service offerings under our Solutions Portfolio have pricing models that use a variety of different metrics and formulas as compared to our support solutions. We may need to adjust our pricing models for our new products and services over time to ensure that we remain competitive and realize a return on our investment in these new products and services. If we do not adapt our pricing models as necessary or appropriate, our revenue could decrease and adversely affect our results of operations.
We may experience fluctuations in our results of operations due to the sales cycles for our products and services and from the efforts of enterprise software vendors to sell upgrades or migrations to cloud-based versions of their enterprise software, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations to fall below expectations.
Our results of operations have fluctuated in the past and are expected to fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including seasonality linked to certain of the sales cycles for our products and services and the efforts of enterprise software vendors to convince our clients and potential clients to upgrade or migrate to cloud-based versions of their enterprise software. Historically, our sales cycle has been tied to the renewal dates for our clients’ existing and prior vendor support agreements for the products that we support. Because our clients make support vendor selection decisions in conjunction with the renewal of their existing support agreements with Oracle and SAP, among other enterprise software vendors, we have experienced an increase in business activity during the quarterly periods in which those agreements are up for renewal. However, because we have introduced and intend to continue to introduce products and services for additional software products that do not follow the same renewal timeline or pattern, our past results may not be indicative of our future performance, and comparing our results of operations on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Our existing clients often renew their agreements with us at or near the end of each calendar year, so we have also experienced and expect to continue to experience heavier renewal rates in the fourth quarter. Finally, major enterprise software vendors, including Oracle, SAP, Infor and Microsoft, routinely promote upgrades and cloud migrations as strategic imperatives. If a client or potential client migrates or upgrades their enterprise software, this may limit or restrict our ability to provide our enterprise software support, services and solutions, including our Agentic AI ERP solutions.
We may not be able to accurately forecast the amount or mix of future product and service subscriptions, revenue and expenses, and as a result, our results of operations may fall below our estimates or the expectations of securities analysts and investors. If our revenue or results of operations fall below the guidance we provide or the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our Common Stock could decline.
We may not be able to scale our operations quickly enough to meet our clients’ changing needs or decrease our costs adequately in response to changing client demand, and if we are not able to manage these changes efficiently, our results of operations could be harmed.
As enterprise software products become more advanced and complex, we will need to devote additional resources to innovating, improving and expanding our offerings to provide products and services to our clients using these more advanced and complex products. In addition, we will need to appropriately scale our internal business systems and our global operations and client engagement teams to serve the changing needs of our client base, particularly as our client demographics expand. Any such expansion may be expensive and complex, requiring financial investments, and management time and attention. Any failure of or delay in these efforts could adversely affect the quality or success of our services and negatively impact client satisfaction, potentially decreasing sales to new clients and lowering renewal rates by existing clients. The commercial success of new or enhanced product and services offerings depends on a number of factors, including timely and successful development; effective distribution and marketing; market acceptance; compatibility with existing and emerging standards, platforms, software delivery methods and technologies; maintaining strategic partnerships; accurately predicting and anticipating customer needs and expectations and the direction of technological change; identifying and innovating in the right technologies; and differentiation from other solutions. If we fail to anticipate or identify technological, creative, productivity or marketing trends or fail to devote appropriate resources to adapt to such trends, our business could be harmed. Furthermore, changes in client demand or changes in our product offerings resulting from external events outside of our control, as well as from our Wind Down of support and services for Oracle’s PeopleSoft products, could require us to alter the scale of our business, including implementing additional workforce reductions.
We could face inefficiencies or operational failures as a result of our efforts to scale our operations for any such changes needed for our clients’ changing needs or changes in our business. There can be no assurance that any expansion and
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improvements to our infrastructure and systems will be fully or effectively implemented within budgets or on a timely basis, if at all. Any failure to efficiently scale our operations could result in reduced revenue and increased expenditures and adversely impact our operating margins and results of operations.
We may not be successful in implementing our Agentic AI ERP initiatives. Further, incorporating AI technologies into our products and services or using AI technologies in our operations may result in operational, legal, regulatory, ethical and other challenges, which could adversely affect our business, reputation or financial results.
We have recently made and expect to continue to make investments, in collaboration with our strategic partners, to integrate agentic AI into our products and services and to update our Solutions Portfolio to enable our clients to leverage agentic AI across their ERP software suites for insights, digital experiences and applications. Agentic AI may become a more prominent component of our Solutions Portfolio over time. Our ongoing efforts to promote our Agentic AI ERP initiatives may not be successful, and our competitors or other third parties may incorporate agentic and other AI technologies into their offerings more successfully than we do and achieve greater and faster adoption, which could impair our ability to compete effectively and adversely affect our business and financial results. AI technology is evolving quickly. To remain competitive, we must make significant investments to continue to successfully develop and incorporate this technology into our products and services. Our ability to incorporate AI technology into our products depends on the availability, performance and pricing of third-party hardware and software equipment and technical infrastructure, as well as maintaining strategic partnerships with multiple third-party service providers and platforms. Our competitors or other third parties may incorporate AI into their products more quickly or successfully than us. They may also have or in the future obtain IP rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to incorporate AI into our products and services. For these reasons, among others, we may not be able to compete effectively in the evolving AI market, including the evolving market for Agentic AI ERP.
Our Agentic AI ERP solutions are designed to be deployed and used in large-scale computing environments with different operating systems, systems management software and equipment and networking configurations, which may cause errors in, or failures of, such solutions or other aspects of the computing environments into which they are deployed. In addition, deployment of such solutions into complicated, large-scale computing environments may expose undetected errors, failures, defects, or vulnerabilities in our solutions. Our Agentic AI ERP solutions may not work as we anticipate or they may produce unexpected results or outcomes. Despite testing by us, errors, failures, defects, or vulnerabilities may not be found in our Agentic AI ERP solutions until they are released to our clients or thereafter. Real or perceived errors, failures, defects, or vulnerabilities in our Agentic AI ERP solutions could result in, among other things, negative publicity and damage to our reputation, lower renewal rates, loss of or delay in market acceptance of our Agentic AI ERP solutions, loss of competitive position, or claims by clients for losses sustained by them or expose us to breach of contract claims, regulatory fines and related liabilities. If vulnerabilities in our Agentic AI ERP solutions are exploited by adversaries, our clients could experience damages or losses for which our clients may seek to hold us accountable. In the case of claims by clients, we may be required, or may choose, for regulatory, contractual, client relations or other reasons, to expend additional resources to help correct the problem.
The introduction of AI technologies, particularly agentic AI, into our offerings may result in new or expanded risks and liabilities, due to enhanced regulatory scrutiny, litigation, ethical concerns, confidentiality, data privacy or security risks, as well as other factors that could adversely affect our business, reputation, and financial results. For example, employing AI technologies can cause unintended consequences and errors, which could harm our reputation and expose us to liability. If the content, analyses, or recommendations that AI technologies assist in producing are, or are alleged to be, inaccurate, misleading, biased or otherwise flawed, any of which may not be detectable by us, our business and reputation may be adversely affected. Use of AI technologies, and the evolving legal and regulatory framework for AI, could impact our ability to protect our data and intellectual property, as well as client information, and could expose us to intellectual property or other claims by third parties and increased cybersecurity risks or failure to protect confidential information, which may expose us to risks associated with data rights.
The highly complex and rapidly developing nature of AI technology makes it impossible to predict all of the legal, operational or technological risks that may arise relating to our use of AI. Any of these risks could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
If we fail to enhance and protect our brand, our ability to expand our client base will be impaired and our financial condition may suffer.
We believe that our development and protection of the Rimini Street brand is critical to achieving widespread awareness of our products and services, and as a result, is important to attracting new clients and maintaining existing clients. We also believe that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in our market increases. Successful promotion of our brand will depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and on our ability to provide reliable
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products and services at competitive prices. Brand promotional activities may not yield increased revenue, and even if they do, any increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incurred in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote, maintain and protect our brand, our business could be adversely impacted.
If there is a widespread shift by clients or potential clients to enterprise software vendors, products and releases for which we do not provide products or services, or if our efforts to enhance and expand our current product and services offerings or develop new offerings that will appeal to clients and potential clients are not successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely impacted.
Our current revenue is primarily derived from the provision of support services for Oracle and SAP enterprise software products. If other enterprise software vendors, products and releases emerge to take substantial market share from current Oracle and SAP products and releases we support, and we are unable to, or do not, offer products or services for such vendors, products or releases, demand for our products and services may decline or our products and services may become obsolete. Developing new products and services to address different emerging enterprise software vendors, products and releases, as well as continuing to develop our Agentic AI ERP solutions, could take a substantial investment of time and financial resources, and we cannot guarantee that we will be successful. If fewer clients use enterprise software products for which we provide products and services, or we are not able to provide services for new vendors, products and releases, our business would be adversely impacted.
We continue to invest resources in research and development to enhance our current product and service offerings, and develop new offerings, such as our Agentic AI ERP solutions, that we hope will appeal to clients and potential clients. The development of new product and service offerings may not generate sufficient revenue to offset the increased research and development expenses and may not generate gross profit margins consistent with our current margins.
If our new or modified products, services or technology do not work as intended, are not responsive to client needs or industry or regulatory changes, are not appropriately timed with market opportunity or are not effectively brought to market, we may lose existing and prospective clients or related opportunities, in which case our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted, and if we are not successful in implementing any new product and service offerings, we may need to write off the value of our investment in such offerings.
Our litigation with Oracle may continue to present challenges for maintaining and growing our business for the unforeseeable future.
We have historically experienced challenges growing our business as a result of our litigation with Oracle, as described further below under the heading “Risks Related to the Operations of our Business.” Many existing and prospective clients previously expressed concerns regarding this litigation and, in some cases, received various negative communications by Oracle in connection with this litigation. We have experienced, and may continue to experience in the future, volatility and slowness in acquiring new clients, as well as clients not renewing their agreements with us, due to this litigation or as a result of the Wind Down process described below. Certain of our prospective and existing clients may be subject to additional negative communications from software vendors or from other third-party providers of enterprise software support services, both in regard to the litigation and the Wind Down process, which may result in a failure to renew agreements for our services or to engage us. We have taken steps to minimize disruptions to our existing and prospective clients regarding the litigation. In certain cases, we have agreed to pay damages to our clients if we are no longer able to provide services to these clients, and/or provide certain termination rights if any outcome of litigation (including settlement) results in our inability to continue providing any of the paid-for services, which, in certain cases, includes clients subject to the Wind Down process. Prior to entering into the Settlement Agreement, we believe the length of our sales cycle may have been longer than it otherwise would have been due to prospective client diligence on the possible effects of the Oracle litigation on our business. We cannot provide assurances that we will continue to overcome the challenges we faced as a result of the litigation and potentially will face as a result of the Wind Down process and continue to renew existing clients or secure new clients.
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Risks Related to the Operation of Our Business
Any uncured, material breach by us of our 2025 Settlement Agreement with Oracle could result in future adverse outcomes in litigation currently subject to a judicial stay and/or litigation standstill, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.
Our July 2025 Settlement Agreement with Oracle requires us to complete the Wind Down of our provision of support and services for Oracle PeopleSoft software no later than July 31, 2028 (the “Wind Down Period”), as well as to comply with other customary covenants, as further described in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report. If there is an uncured material breach of any term of the Settlement Agreement on the part of us and/or Mr. Ravin, Oracle may terminate the Settlement Agreement and seek leave of the District Court to lift the current stay of the Rimini II litigation. If this occurs, no assurance is or can be given that the District Court will rule in a manner that is favorable to us on any issues related to the Rimini II litigation that may be reconsidered in the remand proceeding following the lifting of the stay, including any future award of attorneys’ fees and costs to Oracle. Further, no assurance is or can be given that the District Court will not award attorneys’ fees to Oracle following the conclusion of any such remand proceedings and, if so awarded, that the attorneys’ fees awarded are not in excess of the amount previously awarded to Oracle by the District Court following the issuance of its initial findings of fact and conclusions of law in the Rimini II litigation.
During the Wind Down Period, for any Oracle product or service other than PeopleSoft that was the subject of the Rimini I litigation or the Rimini II litigation, Oracle may initiate contempt proceedings against us for conduct prohibited by the Rimini I Injunction and/or the Rimini II Injunction. Additionally, following termination of the Settlement Agreement or the Litigation Standstill, Oracle may initiate contempt proceedings against us at any time for conduct prohibited by the Rimini I Injunction and/or the Rimini II Injunction. Such contempt proceedings or any judicial finding of contempt could result in a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. Sanctions from any finding of contempt could reduce the amount of cash flows available to pay principal, interest, fees and other amounts due under our 2024 Credit Facility, which could result in an event of default, in which case the lenders could demand accelerated payment of principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and other fees. We cannot provide assurances that we will have sufficient assets which would allow us to repay such indebtedness in full at such time.
We are self-insured for any costs related to any current or future intellectual property litigation, although we maintain and have tendered our errors and omissions insurance coverage for the wrongful acts alleged in Oracle’s Rimini I Injunction contempt proceeding to seek determinations of a duty to defend. We obtained a determination of a duty to defend with respect to our primary errors and omission insurance carrier. We cannot provide assurances that we will prevail on any similar claims that we may tender in the future.
Our 2025 Settlement Agreement with Oracle requires us to complete the Wind Down within a certain time period, and we are unable to guarantee the outcome of our efforts to comply with such requirements or the timing of the associated expected significant reductions in revenue. Nor can we predict the total anticipated costs associated with the Wind Down, which, if significant, could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
In July 2024, we initially announced that we had unilaterally decided to wind down our offering of support and services for Oracle PeopleSoft software. At the time of our initial announcement, the annual revenue associated with our provision of services for Oracle’s PeopleSoft products was approximately $30 million.
Our 2025 Settlement Agreement with Oracle requires us to complete the Wind Down of our provision of support and services for Oracle PeopleSoft software no later than July 31, 2028. The Wind Down includes our Rimini Support, Rimini Manage and Rimini Consult services for Oracle PeopleSoft products. As we provide services for Oracle PeopleSoft products to clients globally, both the pace of revenue reduction during the Wind Down process and the final date that we will receive revenue from the discontinued services are unknown as of the date of this Report. The percentage of revenue derived from support and services the Company provides solely for Oracle PeopleSoft products was approximately 5% and 8% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We expect continued reductions in revenue related to services for Oracle PeopleSoft products over the course of the Wind Down Period.
As part of the Wind Down, depending upon the terms of individual client service contracts and our clients’ willingness to negotiate with us, we may be required to pay refunds of a portion of subscription revenue attributable to services that had not been performed as of the date of contract termination and/or pay buy-out or similar inducement fees to facilitate the early termination of certain of our existing contracts to provide services for Oracle PeopleSoft products. We may also offer to assist our clients with transitioning from PeopleSoft to other enterprise software providers with which we maintain a strategic partnership at no or reduced cost to such clients. Further, as a result of the Wind Down, clients for which we provide support
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and/or services in addition to support and services for Oracle PeopleSoft products may choose not to renew the contracts for these unrelated support and/or services. Finally, as a result of the Wind Down, certain of our prospective and existing clients may be subject to additional negative communications from software vendors and other third-party providers of enterprise software support services, both in regard to the litigation and the Wind Down process, which may result in a failure to renew the support and/or services performed by us or to engage us.
In response to our actions to discontinue this business, one or more of our current PeopleSoft support clients may claim a breach of contract related to early termination and/or non-performance of contractually guaranteed services. While no litigation relating to the Wind Down has been filed against us as of the date of this Report, no assurance is or can be given that our current PeopleSoft support clients will not pursue litigation against us. Such litigation could distract our management team from running our business, reduce our sales revenue and negatively impact our ability to successfully sell other services to such clients or prospective clients. We could be required to pay substantial damages, attorneys’ fees and/or costs in connection with any such litigation, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
Our efforts to complete the Wind Down by the end of the Wind Down Period may be costlier than we expect, and we may not be able to increase our total revenue enough to offset not only the reductions in revenue resulting from the Wind Down but also the total costs associated with the Wind Down process.
While we currently believe our cash on hand, accounts receivable, contractually committed backlog and borrowing capacity under our 2024 Credit Facility provide us with liquidity to cover the costs related to the Wind Down, we cannot assure our liquidity will be sufficient.
Oracle could pursue additional litigation with us.
We can provide no assurance that Oracle will not pursue additional litigation against us. Such additional litigation could be costly, distract our management team from running our business and reduce client interest and our sales revenue.
We rely on our management team and other key employees, including our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, and the loss or disability of one or more key employees could harm our business. Additionally, the failure to attract and retain qualified technical, sales and marketing personnel, or to expand our marketing and sales capabilities could prevent us from executing our business strategy.
The loss of or a disability that would prevent our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board or any of our key members of management from substantially performing their duties could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition, particularly if we are unable to hire and integrate suitable replacements on a timely basis. Mr. Ravin has been under long-standing medical care for kidney disease, which includes ongoing treatment. Although Mr. Ravin’s condition has not adversely impacted his performance as President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board or on the overall management of the Company, we can provide no assurance that his condition will not affect his ability to perform these roles in the future. Further, as we continue to grow our business, we will continue to adjust our management team to best address our growth opportunities. If we are unable to attract or retain the right individuals for the team, it could hinder our ability to grow our business and could disrupt our operations or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business. We do not maintain key man life insurance on any of our employees.
Furthermore, to execute our business strategy, we must attract and retain highly qualified technical, sales and marketing personnel. Our ability to increase our client base and achieve broader market acceptance of our services will depend to a significant extent on our ability to expand our marketing and sales operations as well as to identify, hire, onboard, train, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled personal, including key technical, sales and marketing personnel. We plan to continue expanding our sales force globally. We are experiencing a very competitive recruiting environment, creating difficulty in hiring and retaining sufficient numbers of highly skilled sales personnel and other employees, such as engineers and support services personnel, with appropriate qualifications, particularly as we integrate new AI technologies into our Service Portfolio that require new or additional skill sets. In particular, we have experienced extreme hiring competition in the San Francisco Bay Area, where we have a significant amount of operations, but also face extremely competitive hiring environments across the United States and other countries in which we operate, including India, Brazil and Malaysia, where we operate or plan to operate our global capability centers. Our efforts to attract, develop, integrate and retain highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications may be compounded by intensified restrictions on travel, immigration, or the availability of work visas. Many companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources and less stock price volatility than we do. In making employment decisions, job candidates often consider the value of the equity incentives they are to receive in connection with their employment. If the price of our stock continues to experience significant volatility, our ability to attract or retain qualified employees will be adversely affected. In addition, as we continue to expand into new geographic
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markets, there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract and retain the required personnel to profitably grow our business. If we fail to attract highly qualified new sales and other personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our growth prospects could be severely harmed.
Moreover, it generally takes our new sales personnel an average of nine to twelve months to operate at the capacity typically expected of experienced sales personnel. This ramp cycle, combined with our typical six- to twelve-month sales cycle for engaged prospects, means that we will not immediately recognize a return on this investment in our sales results. The cost to acquire clients is high due to the cost of these marketing and sales efforts and is expected to increase as we continue to offer new products and services, as our sales personnel will need specialized training on our new offerings. Our business may be materially harmed if our efforts do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue. We may not achieve anticipated revenue growth from expanding our sales force if we are unable to hire, develop and retain talented sales personnel, if our new sales personnel are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time or if our sales and marketing programs are not effective.
Interruptions to, or degraded performance of, our service could result in client dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of clients, limited growth and reduction in revenue.
Our software support agreements with our clients generally guarantee a 10-minute response time with respect to certain high-priority issues. If we do not meet the 10-minute guarantee, our clients may in some instances be entitled to liquidated damages, service credits or refunds. To date, no such payments have been made.
We also deliver tax, legal and regulatory updates to our clients. If there are inaccuracies in these updates, or if we are not able to deliver them on a timely basis to our clients, our reputation may be damaged, and we could be found liable for damages to our clients and potentially lose clients.
Certain offerings under our Solutions Portfolio, including our Agentic AI ERP solutions, rely upon strategic partnerships with channel partners, solution partners and third-party platform providers. If any critical channel partner, solution partner or third-party platform provider experiences business or service interruptions or becomes unavailable to us for any reason, we may not be able to deliver the corresponding offering to our clients.
Any interruptions or delays in our service, whether as a result of third-party error, our own error, natural disasters or other catastrophic events, security breaches or a result of any other issues, whether accidental or willful, could harm our relationships with clients and cause our revenue to decrease and our expenses to increase. Our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. These factors, in turn, could further reduce our revenue, subject us to liability, cause us to pay liquidated damages, issue credits or cause clients not to renew their agreements with us, any of which could materially adversely affect our business.
If our products and services fail due to defects or similar problems, and if we fail to correct any defect or other software problems, we could lose clients, become subject to service performance or warranty claims or incur significant costs.
Our products and services and the systems infrastructure necessary for the successful delivery of our products and services to clients are inherently complex and may contain material defects or errors unknown to us. We have from time to time found defects in our products and services after delivery and may discover additional defects in the future. In particular, we have developed our own tools and processes to deliver comprehensive tax, legal and regulatory updates tailored for each client, which we endeavor to deliver to our clients in a shorter timeframe than our competitors, which may result in an increased risk of material defects or errors occurring. We may not be able to detect and correct all defects or errors before clients use our products and services, as some may be unknown. These defects or errors could also cause inaccuracies in the data we collect and process for our clients and/or or clients’ data, or even the loss, damage or inadvertent release of such data. Even if we are able to implement fixes or corrections to our tax, legal and regulatory updates in a timely manner, any history of defects or inaccuracies in the data we collect and process for our clients, or the loss, damage or inadvertent release of such data could cause our reputation to be harmed, and clients may elect not to renew, extend or expand their agreements with us and subject us to service performance credits, warranty or other claims or increased insurance costs. The costs associated with any material defects or errors in our products and services or other performance problems may be substantial and could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
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Interruptions or performance problems with technologies and services from third parties that we use to operate critical functions of our business, including any deficiencies associated with AI technologies incorporated by us in our services offerings or used by us or such third parties, could harm our business.
We depend and rely on software-as-a-service, or SaaS, technologies and related services from third parties to operate critical functions of our business, including our Agentic AI ERP solutions, billing and order management, financial accounting services, and client relationship management services. If these services become unavailable due to extended outages or interruptions, security vulnerabilities, or cyber-attacks, lack of availability on commercially reasonable terms or prices, or due to other unforeseen circumstances, our expenses could increase, our ability to manage these critical functions could be interrupted, and our processes for and ability to manage sales of our products, recognize revenue, and support our clients could be impaired, all of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. We have integrated, and plan to further integrate, AI capabilities and technologies into our and service offerings, and the continued use and/or development of AI technologies or services by some of our third-party vendors and service providers, as well as any ineffective or inadequate AI development or deployment practices by us or such third-party vendors and service providers, could result in unintended consequences such as reputational damage, legal liabilities or loss of user confidence or business. The algorithms and models used in AI technologies and systems may have limitations, including biases, errors, or inability to handle certain data types or scenarios. In addition, there is a risk of system failures, disruptions or vulnerabilities that could compromise the integrity, security or privacy of the generated content, including the use of cyberattacks against emerging technologies, such as generative and agentic AI.
Cybersecurity threats continue to increase in frequency and sophistication; if our data security measures are compromised or unauthorized access to or misuse of client data occurs, our services may be perceived as not being secure, clients may curtail or cease use of our services, our reputation and our business may be harmed, and we may incur significant liabilities.
We rely on certain key information technology systems, some of which are dependent on services provided by third parties, to provide critical data and services for our internal and external users. Our services sometimes involve accessing, processing, sharing, using, storing and transmitting proprietary information and protected data of our clients. We rely on proprietary and commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring, as well as other processes, to provide security for accessing, processing, sharing, using, storing and transmitting such information and data. If our security measures are compromised as a result of third-party action, employee, service provider or client error, malfeasance, stolen or fraudulently obtained log-in credentials or otherwise, our reputation could be damaged, our business and our clients may be harmed, and we could incur significant liabilities. Cyberattacks continue to increase in frequency and in magnitude generally, and these threats are being driven by a variety of sources, including nation-state sponsored espionage and hacking activities, industrial espionage, organized crime, sophisticated organizations and hacking groups and individuals. Furthermore, due to tensions related to ongoing geopolitical conflicts, the risk of cyber-attacks may be elevated. We have been the subject of cybersecurity threats and expect such threats to continue in the future. In addition, if the security measures of our clients are compromised, even without any actual compromise of our own systems or security measures, we may face negative publicity or reputational harm if anyone incorrectly attributes the blame for such security incidents to us, our products and services, or our systems. We may also be responsible for repairing damage caused to our clients’ systems that we support, and we may not be able to make such repairs in a timely manner or at all.
We may be unable to fully anticipate or prevent techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems because the methodologies to do so change frequently, including increased usage of emerging technologies such as advanced automation or AI, and generally are not detected until after an incident has occurred. As we increase our client base and our brand becomes more widely known and recognized, we may become more of a target for third parties seeking to compromise our systems or security measures or gain unauthorized access to our clients’ proprietary information and protected data as was the case in a 2021 successful phishing incident, which resulted in some unauthorized sharing of our client addresses and billing information, but did not significantly impact our business or client relationships.
Although we attempt to identify, mitigate and manage these risks through employing a number of measures, including security controls, insurance, monitoring of our systems and networks, employee training and maintenance of backup and protective systems, our systems, networks, products and services remain potentially vulnerable to increasingly sophisticated advanced persistent threats that may have a material effect on our business. The need to devote additional resources to the security of our information technology systems in the future could significantly increase the cost of doing business or otherwise adversely impact our financial results.
Furthermore, information systems management requires constant updates to their security policies, networks, software and hardware systems to reduce the risk of unauthorized access, malicious destruction of data or information theft. We rely on third-party service providers’ systems and software to provide our software support, products and services. The failure of any
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third-party service providers to efficiently and correctly update their software and hardware systems or maintain appropriate cybersecurity measures could result in operational inefficiencies and subject us to expend additional resources and costs which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and profitability.
In addition, many governments have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security incidents involving certain types of personal data, and some of our clients contractually require notification of any data security compromise. In the event of a data security compromise, we may have difficulty timely complying with notification requirements that are unreasonably short or burdensome. SEC rules, multiple privacy regulations such as the European Union’s (“EU”) General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and California’s Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) and potential other applicable legislative action, will require public disclosure of material security compromises experienced by our clients, by our competitors or by us, which may lead to widespread negative publicity. Any data security compromise in our industry, whether actual or perceived, could harm our reputation, erode client confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, negatively impact our ability to attract new clients, cause existing clients to elect not to renew their agreements with us, or subject us to third-party lawsuits, government investigations, regulatory fines or other action or liability, all or any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We cannot provide assurances that any limitations of liability provisions in our contracts for a security breach would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. Further, certain of our contracts do not contain limitations of liability specific to security breaches, which could expose us to significant liabilities or damages, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also cannot be sure that our existing general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors or omissions will continue to be available on acceptable terms or in sufficient amounts to cover one or more claims, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of substantial deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our client engagements are becoming more complex with the expansion of our Solutions Portfolio, leading to longer, more expensive sales cycles, increased pricing pressure and implementation and configuration challenges.
As we continue to expand our Solutions Portfolio beyond traditional third-party enterprise software support services, the complexity of our client arrangements increases as we engage with increasingly larger enterprise customers with multiple ERP software products that span their enterprise. These clients often require a lengthy evaluation and testing of our products and services prior to making a purchasing decision, require multiple levels of review and approval from a broader set of stakeholders, and demand more configuration, integration services and features. As a result, these sales opportunities may require us to devote significant sales support and professional services to a smaller number of transactions, diverting those resources from other sales opportunities. If we fail to effectively manage these risks with larger successful client engagements, our business may be negatively affected.
Because our strategy involves further expansion of our sales to clients outside the United States, our business will be susceptible to risks associated with global operations, including currency exchange rate fluctuations and taxes, trade and data regulations.
A significant component of our strategy involves the further expansion of our operations and client base outside the United States. We currently have subsidiaries outside of the United States in Australia, Brazil, Canada, UAE (Dubai), France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Foreign Trade Representative Office), Israel, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan and the United Kingdom, which focus primarily on selling our services in those regions.
In the future, we may expand to other locations outside of the United States. Our current global operations and future initiatives will involve a variety of risks, including among others:
•changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic conditions;
•the occurrence of catastrophic events, including natural disasters, that may disrupt our business;
•changes in regulatory requirements, taxes or trade laws, including changes in diplomatic and trade relationships, such as new tariffs, trade protection measures, import or export licensing requirements, trade embargoes and sanctions and other trade barriers;
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•currency exchange rate fluctuations and the resulting effect on our revenue and expenses, and the cost and risk of entering into currency exchange rate hedging transactions;
•more stringent regulations relating to the incorporation of AI into our products and services, cybersecurity and data security and privacy, such as where and how data can be housed, accessed and used, and the unauthorized use of, or access to, commercial and personal information;
•differing labor regulations, especially in countries and geographies where labor laws are more advantageous to employees as compared to the United States;
•challenges inherent in efficiently managing an increased number of employees over large geographic distances, including the need to implement appropriate systems, policies, benefits and compliance programs as well as hire and retain local management, sales, marketing and support personnel, along with the ability to recapture costs incurred to open up new geographies;
•difficulties in managing a business in new markets with diverse cultures, languages, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems and regulatory systems;
•increased logistics, travel, real estate, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with global operations;
•adverse tax burdens and foreign exchange controls that could make it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash and limitations on our ability to reinvest earnings from operations in one country to fund our operations in other countries;
•laws and business practices favoring local competitors or general preferences for local vendors;
•limited or insufficient intellectual property protection;
•war, political instability or terrorist activities;
•U.S. foreign policy in Latin America, regarding the Arctic regions and the Middle East;
•The perception of potential conflicts between the United States and other nations; and
•exposure to liabilities under anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar laws and regulations in other jurisdictions.
Our exposure in operating our business globally with the risks noted above and the unique challenges of each new geography increase the risk that any potential future expansion efforts that we may undertake will not be successful. If we invest substantial time and resources to expand our global operations and are unable to do so successfully and in a timely manner, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Consolidation in our target sales markets is continuing at a rapid pace, which could harm our business when our clients are acquired and their agreements are terminated, or not renewed or extended.
Consolidation among companies in our target sales markets has been robust in recent years, and this continuing trend poses a risk for us. If such consolidation rates continue, we expect that some of the acquiring companies will terminate, renegotiate and elect not to renew our agreements with the clients they acquire, which may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Risks Related to General Economic Conditions and Our Financial Performance
Economic uncertainties and adverse changes in the general economy or in the industries in which our clients operate may result in increased costs of operations, disproportionately affect the demand for our products and services and could negatively impact our results of operations.
General worldwide economic conditions and markets continue to experience volatility, and uncertainty remains widespread. An uncertain economic environment, as well as shifts in immigration regulation and access to work visas, may increase our and our clients’ cost of labor due to higher wages, as well as result in higher financing costs and/or higher supplier prices for both us and our clients. We and our clients may find it difficult to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. In addition, these conditions could cause our clients or prospective clients to further reduce their IT budgets. Although we are generally a lower cost provider of such services than enterprise software vendors, this trend could decrease corporate spending on our products and services, resulting in delayed and lengthened sales cycles, a decrease in new client acquisition and loss of clients. Furthermore, our clients may face cash flow constraints, gaining timely access to sufficient credit or obtaining credit on reasonable terms, which could impair their ability to make timely payments to us, impact client renewal rates and adversely affect our revenue. If such conditions occur, we may be required to increase our reserves, allowances for doubtful accounts and write-offs of accounts receivable, and our results of operations would be harmed. We cannot predict the
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timing, strength or duration of any economic slowdown or recovery, whether global, regional or within specific markets. If the conditions of the general economy or markets in which we operate worsen, our business could be harmed. In addition, even if the overall economy improves, the market for our products and services may not experience growth. Moreover, multiple events, including tariffs, changes in U.S. trade policies and responsive changes in policy by foreign jurisdictions, geopolitical developments, including international tensions or the perception of potential conflicts between the U.S. and other nations, growing tensions relating to control of Arctic regions and U.S. foreign policy in Latin America, the economic disruption caused by continued political instability in the Middle East, including Iran, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and recent political and trade turmoil with China and other nations, have increased levels of political and economic unpredictability globally, and may continue to increase the volatility of global financial markets and global and regional economies.
Our failure to generate significant capital through our operations or raise additional capital necessary to fund and expand our operations, invest in new services and products and service our debt could reduce our ability to compete and could harm our business.
We may need to incur additional debt under our 2024 Credit Facility and/or raise additional capital beyond what is available under our 2024 Credit Facility if we cannot fund future growth or service our debt through our operating cash flows. Should this occur, we may not be able to obtain additional debt or additional equity financing on favorable terms, if at all, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We are also subject to certain restrictions for future financings as discussed in the risk factor “The terms of our 2024 Credit Facility impose operating and financial restrictions on us.” If we raise additional equity financing, our stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the value of our Common Stock could decline. If we engage in additional debt financings, the holders of the debt securities or lenders would have priority over the holders of our Common Stock. We may also be required to accept terms that further restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, take other actions that would adversely impact the short-term price of our Common Stock, or force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios, any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition and reduce the value of our Common Stock.
If our retention rates continue to decrease, or we do not accurately forecast retention rates, our future revenue and results of operations may be harmed.
Our clients have no obligation to renew their product or service subscription agreements with us after the expiration of a non-cancelable agreement term. In addition, the majority of our multi-year, non-cancelable client agreements are not pre-paid other than the first year of the non-cancelable service period. We may not accurately forecast retention rates for our clients. Our retention rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our clients’ decision to license a new product or release from an enterprise software vendor, our clients’ decision to move to another enterprise software vendor, product or release for which we do not offer products or services, global economic conditions, including rising inflation and interest rates on our clients’ businesses, client satisfaction with our products and services, the acquisition of our clients by other companies and clients going out of business. If our clients do not renew their agreements or decrease the amount they spend with us, our revenue will decline and our business will suffer. Certain of our existing clients may choose to license a new or different version of enterprise software from an enterprise software vendor, and such clients’ license agreements with the enterprise software vendor will typically include a minimum one-year mandatory maintenance and support services agreement. In such cases, it is unlikely that these clients would renew their maintenance and support services agreements with us, at least during the early term of the license agreement. In addition, such existing clients could move to another enterprise software vendor, product or release for which we do not offer any products or services.
Because we recognize revenue from subscriptions over the term of the relevant contract, downturns or upturns in sales are not immediately reflected in full in our results of operations.
As a subscription-based business, we recognize revenue over the service period of our contracts. As a result, much of our reported revenue each quarter results from contracts entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, while a shortfall in demand for our products and services or a decline in new or renewed contracts in any one quarter may not significantly reduce our revenue for that quarter, it could negatively affect our revenue in future periods. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in new sales, renewals or extensions of our service agreements for a quarter will not be reflected in full in our results of operations until future periods. Our revenue recognition model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through additional sales in any period, as revenue from new clients must be recognized over the applicable service contract term.
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Due to the variability of timing in our sales cycle, if we fail to forecast our revenue accurately, or if we fail to match our expenditures with corresponding revenue, our results of operations and liquidity could be adversely affected.
The variability of the sales cycle for the evaluation and implementation of our products and services, which typically has been six to twelve months once a client is engaged, may cause us to experience a delay between increasing operating expenses for such sales efforts, and the generation of corresponding revenue. Accordingly, we may be unable to prepare accurate internal financial forecasts or replace anticipated revenue that we do not receive as a result of delays arising from these factors. As a result, our results of operations and liquidity in future reporting periods may be below the expectations of the public market, securities analysts or investors, which could negatively impact the price of our Common Stock.
Our future liquidity and results of operations may be adversely affected by the timing of new orders, client renewals and cash receipts from clients.
Due to the collection of cash from our clients before services are provided, our revenue is recognized over future periods when there are no corresponding cash receipts from such clients. Accordingly, our future liquidity depends upon our ability to continue to attract new clients and to enter into renewal arrangements with existing clients. If we experience a decline in orders from new clients or renewals from existing clients, our recognized revenue may continue to increase while our liquidity and cash levels decline. Any such decline, however, will negatively affect our revenues in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of declines in orders from new clients or renewals from existing clients may not be fully reflected in our results of operations and cash flows until future periods. Comparing our revenues and operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, as it may not be an indicator of the future sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents to meet our liquidity requirements. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance or liquidity.
Risks Related to Laws, Regulations and Policies
Our business may suffer if it is alleged or determined that our technology infringes the intellectual property rights of others.
The software industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets as well as other intellectual and proprietary rights. Companies in the software industry are often required to defend against claims and litigation alleging infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. Our litigation with Oracle relates in part to copyright infringement claims and, from time to time, we may receive threatening letters or notices alleging infringement or may be the subject of claims that our services and underlying technology infringe or violate the intellectual property rights of others. Further, while we prohibit the use of certain emerging technologies by our employees unless incorporated into one of our product or service offerings or approved in accordance with internal policies, incorporating AI technologies, in our product and service offerings or the authorized or unauthorized use of AI technologies by our employees may result in allegations or claims against us related to violations of third-party intellectual property rights, unauthorized access to or use of proprietary information and/or failure to comply with the terms of third-party licensing agreements. Any such allegation, whether innocent or intentional, can adversely impact marketing, sales and our reputation.
Any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with data protection requirements or other legal or contractual obligations related to privacy and security could harm our business and operations and/or result in proceedings, actions or penalties against us.
As an expanding global company, we are subject to the laws and regulations of numerous jurisdictions worldwide regarding accessing, processing, sharing, using, storing, transmitting, disclosure and protection of personal data, the scope of which are constantly changing, subject to differing interpretation and related to jurisdictions where we have operations, clients, or where we conduct marketing, and such laws may be inconsistent between countries or in conflict with other laws, legal obligations or industry standards.
•In the United States, states continue to propose and pass comprehensive privacy legislation, including data breach notification laws, personal data privacy laws, and consumer protection laws, without harmonization. For example, the CCPA, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act, gives California residents rights to access and delete their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing, and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used. The CCPA also provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The CCPA has prompted a number of proposals for new federal and state-level privacy legislation, and in some states, efforts to pass comprehensive privacy laws have been successful. A growing number of other states have enacted or are expected to pass laws that impose privacy obligations. The existence of comprehensive privacy laws in different states adds additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions, and potential legal risk, requires additional investment of resources in
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compliance programs, impacts strategies and availability of previously useful data, and has resulted in and will result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies.
•Outside of the United States, virtually every jurisdiction in which we provide our products and services has established its own data protection requirements with which we or our clients must comply.
•In the EU, data protection laws, such as GDPR, are stringent and continue to evolve, resulting in possible significant operational costs for internal compliance and risk to our business. GDPR imposes robust obligations upon covered companies, including heightened notice and consent requirements, greater rights of data subjects (e.g., the “right to be forgotten”), increased accountability measures, additional data breach notification and data security requirements, requirements for engaging third-party processors, and increased fines for non-compliance. Serious breaches of GDPR (and similar data protection regulations in the United Kingdom) may result in monetary penalties of up to €20 million (or £17.5 million in the UK) or 4% of worldwide annual revenue, whichever is greater, for violations. In addition to GDPR, other European legislative proposals and current laws and regulations apply to cookies and similar tracking technologies, electronic communications, and marketing, with an increased focus on online behavioral advertising.
•Many jurisdictions outside of Europe where we currently or plan to do business or have employees are also considering or have enacted comprehensive data protection legislation, cybersecurity legislation, or both. These include Australia, Brazil, China, India, Japan, Mexico, Singapore, and United Arab Emirates.
•Various data transfer rules related to our ability to transfer data from one country to another may limit our ability to transfer certain data or require us to guarantee a certain level of protection when transferring data from one country to another.
•We are also subject to data localization laws in certain countries that may, for example, require personal information of citizens to be collected, stored, and modified only within that country. These and similar regulations may interfere with our intended business activities, inhibit our ability to expand into those markets, require modifications to our offerings or services, or prohibit us from continuing to offer services in those markets without significant additional costs.
The regulatory frameworks governing the collection, processing, storage, use and sharing of certain information, particularly financial and other personal information, are rapidly evolving and, therefore, are subject to uncertainty and varying interpretations. These laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with laws in other jurisdictions or which our existing data management practices or the features of our services. We therefore cannot yet fully determine the impact these or future laws, regulations, and resulting industry standards may have on our business or operations.
In addition to regulations regarding the collection, processing, storage, use, and sharing of certain information, our contracts with clients include specific obligations regarding the protection of confidentiality and the permitted uses of personally identifiable and other proprietary information. Although we endeavor to comply with our published privacy policies and documentation and the laws and regulations that we are subject to, we may at times fail to do so or be alleged to have failed to do so. Any failure or perceived failure by us, or any third parties with which we do business, to comply with our posted privacy policies and product documentation or evolving privacy laws or regulations, changing consumer expectations, industry standards, or contractual obligations to which we or such third parties are or may become subject, may result in actions or other claims against us by governmental entities or private actors, the expenditure of substantial costs, time and other resources or the imposition of significant fines, penalties or other liabilities, which could, individually or in the aggregate, materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, any such action, particularly to the extent we were found to be in violation or otherwise liable for damages, would damage our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
As our clients may be subject to differing privacy laws, rules, and legislation, which may mean that they require us to be bound by varying contractual requirements applicable to certain other jurisdictions. Adherence to such contractual requirements may mean we become bound by, or voluntarily comply with, self-regulatory or other industry standards relating to these matters that may further change as laws, rules, and regulations evolve. Complying with these requirements and changing our policies and practices may be onerous and costly, and we may not be able to respond quickly or effectively to regulatory, legislative, and other developments. These changes may in turn impair our ability to offer our existing or planned features, products, and services and/or increase our cost of doing business. As we expand our client base, these requirements may vary from client to client, further increasing the cost of compliance and doing business.
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Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with these laws, policies or other obligations may result in governmental enforcement actions or litigation against us, with potential consequences such as fines and other expenses related to such governmental actions, an order requiring that we change our data practices or business practices, and could cause our clients to lose trust in us, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business. Further, the unauthorized use of any AI technology by our workforce may pose potential risks relating to the protection of data, including cybersecurity risk, exposure of our and our clients’ proprietary confidential information to unauthorized recipients and the misuse of our or third-party intellectual property.
If we fail to adequately protect our proprietary rights, our competitive position could be impaired and we may lose valuable assets, experience reduced revenue and incur costly litigation to protect our rights.
Our success depends, in part, upon protecting our proprietary products, services, knowledge, software tools and processes. We rely on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, service marks, patents, trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to establish and protect our proprietary rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation. Furthermore, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain. Despite our precautions, unauthorized third parties may copy or use information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours. In addition, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. To the extent we expand our global activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying and use of our brand, processes and software tools may increase.
We enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants and enter into confidentiality agreements with the parties with whom we have strategic relationships and business alliances. No assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to and distribution of our proprietary intellectual property. Further, these agreements may not prevent our competitors from independently developing products and services that are substantially equivalent or superior to our products and services.
Although we have been successful in the past, there can be no assurance that we will receive any additional patent protection for our proprietary software tools and processes. Even if we were to receive patent protection, those patent rights could be invalidated at a later date. Furthermore, any such patent rights may not adequately protect our processes, our software tools or prevent others from designing around our patent claims.
To protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect these rights. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our inability to protect our products, processes and software tools against unauthorized copying or use, as well as any costly litigation or diversion of our management’s attention and resources, could delay further sales or the implementation of our products and services, impair the functionality of our products and services, delay introductions of new products and services, result in our substituting inferior or more costly technologies into our products and services, or injure our reputation.
If we are not able to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, current and potential investors could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business and have an adverse effect on our Common Stock price.
We have had material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the past as described in our historical periodic reports filed with the SEC. We remediated the material weaknesses; however, we cannot provide assurance that material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future.
We are required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to and report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide us with an attestation and an unqualified report as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which could result in a decrease in the value of our securities. For further information regarding our controls and procedures, see “Controls and Procedures” in Part II, Item 9A of this Report.
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We may be subject to additional obligations to collect and remit sales tax, VAT and other taxes, and we may be subject to tax liability, interest and/or penalties for past sales, which could adversely harm our business.
State, local and foreign jurisdictions have differing and complex rules and regulations governing sales, use, value-added and other taxes, and these rules and regulations can be subject to varying interpretations that may change over time. In particular, the applicability of such taxes to our products and services in various jurisdictions is unclear. Further, these jurisdictions’ rules regarding tax nexus are complex and can vary significantly. Currently, we are under audit in some of our jurisdictions. We have previously faced and could face the possibility again of tax assessments and additional audits, and our liability for these taxes and associated interest and penalties could exceed our original estimates.
Our realization of the benefits from our net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes is dependent, in part, upon the tax laws in effect, our future earnings, and other future events, the effects of which cannot be determined; if we are not able to use a significant portion of our net operating loss carryforwards, our profitability could be adversely affected.
We have United States federal and state net operating loss carryforwards due to prior period losses, which could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our profitability. Reference is made to Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report for a discussion of income taxes.
In addition, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes in any taxable year may be limited if we experience an “ownership change.” A Section 382 “ownership change” generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws in the United States. While our ownership changes to date have not triggered any limitations under Section 382, it is possible that any future ownership changes or issuances of our capital stock could have a material effect on the use of our net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, which could adversely affect our profitability.
We are a multinational organization faced with increasingly complex tax issues in many jurisdictions, and we could be obligated to pay additional taxes in various jurisdictions.
As a multinational organization, we may be subject to taxation in several jurisdictions worldwide with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which can be uncertain. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. As such, our results may differ from previous estimates and may materially affect our financial position.
The amount of taxes we pay in jurisdictions in which we operate could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax principles, including increased tax rates, new tax laws or revised interpretations of existing tax laws and precedents, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and results of operations. In addition, the authorities in these jurisdictions could review our tax returns and impose additional tax, interest and penalties, and the authorities could claim that various withholding requirements apply to us or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us, any of which could have a material impact on our business and results of operations.
Our reputation and/or business could be negatively impacted by ESG matters and/or our reporting of such matters and expose us to additional costs and risks.
Our implementation of reporting on ESG matters presents numerous operational, financial, legal, reputational and other risks, many of which are outside of our control, and all of which could have a material negative impact on our business. Companies have recently faced attention from various stakeholders and regulators, both in the U.S. and internationally, relating to ESG matters, including environmental stewardship, social responsibility and inclusion. Failure to satisfy our stakeholders with regard to ESG matters could negatively impact our reputation, our ability to attract or retain employees, and our attractiveness as an investment and business partner. Unfavorable ESG ratings may lead to negative investor sentiment towards us, which could have a negative impact on our stock price. Further, evolving U.S. federal laws regarding ESG matters may be inconsistent with stakeholder positions on such matters, and we may experience conflicts between actual or proposed governmental regulations and stakeholder expectations.
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Risks Related to Our Indebtedness, Securities and Corporate Governance
Our level of indebtedness and any future indebtedness we may incur may limit our operational and financing flexibility and negatively impact our business.
On December 31, 2025, our outstanding indebtedness under our 2024 Credit Facility and finance leases totaled $68.4 million. We may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Our 2024 Credit Facility and other debt instruments we may enter into in the future may significantly impact our business, including the following among others:
•our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes may be impaired;
•our requirement to use a significant portion of our cash flows from operations to pay principal and interest on our indebtedness, which will reduce the funds available to us for operations and other purposes;
•our level of indebtedness could disadvantage us compared to our competitors that have proportionately less debt;
•our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate may be limited; and
•our level of indebtedness may make us more vulnerable to economic downturns and adverse developments in our business.
We expect to depend primarily on cash generated by our operations for funds to pay our expenses and any amounts due under our 2024 Credit Facility and any other indebtedness we may incur. Our ability to make these payments depends on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors, many of which we cannot control, including inflation and global economic conditions. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flows from operations in the future, and we may not be able to achieve and maintain profitability in future periods, either or both of which could result in our being unable to repay indebtedness or to fund other liquidity needs. If we do not generate adequate resources, we may be required to refinance all or part of our debt, sell assets or borrow more money, in each case on terms that may not be acceptable to us. In addition, the terms of existing or future debt agreements, including our existing 2024 Credit Facility, may restrict us from adopting some or any of these alternatives. Our inability to incur additional debt in the future could also delay or prevent a change in control of our Company, make some transactions more difficult and impose additional financial or other covenants on us. Our current indebtedness and any inability to pay our debt obligations as they come due or an inability to incur additional debt could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our 2024 Credit Facility imposes operating and financial restrictions on us.
Our 2024 Credit Facility contains certain restrictions and covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, create liens on assets, sell assets, engage in mergers or consolidations, make loans or investments, incur additional indebtedness, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, incur certain material ERISA or pension liabilities and pay dividends or repurchase capital stock and in each case, subject to certain exceptions set forth in our 2024 Credit Facility. Our 2024 Credit Facility may limit our ability to engage in these transactions even if we believe that a specific transaction would contribute to our future growth or improve our operating results. Further, we are required under our 2024 Credit Facility to achieve specified financial and operating results and maintain compliance with specified financial ratios, including as a condition to accessing additional amounts available for borrowing. As of December 31, 2025 and on the date of filing this Report, we were in compliance with these financial covenants. Our ability to comply with these provisions may be affected by events beyond our control. A breach of any of these financial covenants or our inability to comply with required financial ratios in our 2024 Credit Facility could result in a default under the 2024 Credit Facility in which case the lenders would have the right to declare all borrowings, which includes any principal amount outstanding, together with all accrued, unpaid interest and other amounts owing in respect thereof, to be immediately due and payable. If we are unable to repay all borrowings when due, whether at maturity or if declared due and payable following a default, the lenders would have the right to proceed against the collateral securing the indebtedness. If we breach these covenants or fail to comply with other terms of the 2024 Credit Facility and the lenders accelerate the amounts outstanding under the 2024 Credit Facility, our business and results of operations would be adversely affected. Additionally, we may need to refinance our 2024 Credit Facility at maturity or upon default, and future financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.
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Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our indebtedness service obligations to increase significantly.
As a result of market interest rate fluctuations, interest rates under our 2024 Credit Facility or other variable rate indebtedness we may incur in the future could be higher or lower than current levels. As interest rates increase, our debt service obligations under our 2024 Credit Facility may increase even though the amounts borrowed remain the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, would correspondingly decrease. We have entered into an interest rate swap agreement that involves the exchange of floating for fixed rate interest payments to partially reduce interest rate volatility under our 2024 Credit Facility. However, we currently do not maintain interest rate swap agreements with respect to our variable rate indebtedness, and any interest rate swap agreements we enter into in the future may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk.
Our 2024 Credit Facility gives us a choice of interest rates between (a) SOFR and (b) a Base Rate, in each case plus an applicable margin and as further defined in the 2024 Credit Facility. The applicable margin is based on our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility) and whether we elect SOFR (ranging from 2.75 to 3.50%) or Base Rate (ranging from 1.75 to 2.50%). SOFR is calculated based on short-term repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities. As such, SOFR is observed and backward looking. In the long term, transitioning to SOFR could result in an increase in the cost of our variable rate indebtedness, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The price of our Common Stock may be volatile, any issuance of Common Stock upon the exercise of outstanding warrants will dilute existing stockholders, and such issuances and/or any sales of Common Stock by large stockholders may depress the market price of our Common Stock.
The price of our Common Stock may fluctuate due to various factors enumerated in this Risk Factors section and elsewhere in this Report. Additional factors impacting the price of our Common Stock could include:
•the failure of securities analysts to publish research about us, or shortfalls in our results of operations compared to levels forecast by securities analysts;
•any delisting of our Common Stock from Nasdaq Global Market due to any failure to meet listing requirements; and
•the general state of securities markets.
These factors may materially reduce the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our operating performance. Additionally, we have registered for resale the shares of Common Stock of certain of our significant holders of our Common Stock, including our largest stockholder, Adams Street Partners, LLC. A sale of large amounts of our Common Stock could have the effect of increasing volatility and putting significant downward pressure on the price of our Common Stock. Also, the issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of warrants that remain outstanding and exercisable until June 2026 may result in immediate dilution of the equity interests of our existing common stockholders and might result in dilution in the tangible net book value of a share of Common Stock, depending upon the price at which the shares are issued. We may also seek to engage in further capital optimization transactions in the future, the result of which could trigger some dilution or have other impacts on the market price of our Common Stock and not achieve an improved capital structure. Any issuance of equity in the future to raise additional capital could cause the price of our Common Stock to decline or require us to issue shares at a price that is lower than that paid by holders of our Common Stock in the past, which would result in those newly issued shares being dilutive.
Certain of our common stockholders can exercise significant control, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.
Based on the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2025, two of our stockholders have aggregate voting power of approximately 37.9% of our outstanding capital stock. As of December 31, 2025, (i) approximately 25.7% of our outstanding stock is held by entities affiliated with Adams Street Partners LLC and (ii) approximately 12.2% of our outstanding stock is beneficially owned by our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Our directors and officers or persons affiliated with our directors and officers have aggregate voting power of approximately 40.2% as of December 31, 2025. As other institutional investors hold more than 5% of outstanding stock as of December 31, 2025, a small number of stockholders comprise a majority of outstanding stock.
As a result, these stockholders have significant influence over all matters that require approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. Corporate action might be taken even if
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other stockholders oppose the action being taken. This concentration of ownership might also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our Company that other stockholders may view as beneficial.
Our stock repurchase program could affect the price of our Common Stock and increase volatility and may be suspended or terminated at any time, which may result in a decrease in the trading price of our Common Stock.
Our Board of Directors has authorized a $50.0 million stock repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we acquired 1.9 million shares of Common Stock at a cost of $7.6 million. Upon completion of all repurchase transactions, the associated shares of Common Stock were retired. Repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program could affect our Common Stock price and increase its volatility. The existence of a stock repurchase program could also cause our Common Stock price to be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our Common Stock. Such repurchase program will not obligate us to repurchase any further specific dollar amount or number of shares of Common Stock within that authorization and may be suspended or discontinued at any time, which could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased depends on a variety of factors including the timing of open trading windows, price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other market conditions. Further, the provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 impose an excise tax of 1% tax on the fair market value of stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022, net of certain adjustments for issuances of incentive and other equity. The impact of this provision will depend on the extent of share repurchases and qualified reductions for issuances made in future periods. There can be no assurance that any stock repurchases will enhance stockholder value because the market price of our Common Stock may decline below the levels at which we repurchased shares of Common Stock. Although our stock repurchase program is intended to enhance stockholder value, short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the program’s effectiveness.
There can be no assurance that we will pay dividends on our Common Stock; if we do not pay cash dividends, the ability to achieve a return on investment in our Common Stock will depend on appreciation in the price of our Common Stock.
We have not paid any cash dividends on our Common Stock to date. The payment of any dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and is also limited under the terms of our 2024 Credit Facility. The payment of any cash dividends will depend upon our revenue, earnings, cash flow and financial condition from time to time. Our ability to declare dividends on our Common Stock may also be limited by the terms of future financing agreements entered into by us from time to time. There can be no assurance that our Board of Directors will declare any dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the success of an investment in shares of our Common Stock will depend upon any future appreciation in its value. There is no guarantee that shares of our Common Stock will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which our stockholders have purchased their shares.
The DGCL and our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and corporate governance policies contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors and therefore depress the trading price of our Common Stock. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the current members of our Board of Directors or taking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management and corporate governance policies and practices. Among other things, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include provisions regarding:
•a classified Board of Directors with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change a majority of our Board of Directors;
•the ability of our Board of Directors to issue “blank check” preferred stock, and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;
•the limitation of the liability of, and the indemnification of our directors and officers;
•the exclusive right of our Board of Directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the Board of Directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors;
•the requirement that directors may only be removed from our Board of Directors for cause;
•a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and could delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a stockholder proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
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•the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by our Board of Directors, the chairperson of our Board of Directors, our chief executive officer or our president (in the absence of a chief executive officer), which could delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
•controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of Board of Directors and stockholder meetings;
•the requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision of our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in our Board of Directors and also may inhibit the ability of an acquirer to effect such amendments to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt;
•the ability of our Board of Directors to amend the bylaws, which may allow our Board of Directors to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and
•advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our Board of Directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in our Board of Directors and also may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our Company.
These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our Board of Directors or management and corporate governance policies.
In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the DGCL, which may prohibit certain stockholders holding 15% or more of our outstanding capital stock from engaging in certain business combinations with us for a specified period of time.
Any provision of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws or DGCL that has the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Common Stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Common Stock.
Our bylaws designate a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, stockholders or employees.
Our bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for:
•any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us;
•any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed to us or our stockholders by any of our directors, officers or other employees;
•any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or employees arising out of or relating to any provision of the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws; or
•any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers, stockholders or employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the Court of Chancery.
This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
General Risks
Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.
We rely heavily on our network infrastructure and information technology systems for our business operations. A disruption or failure of these systems in the event of an online attack, earthquake, fire, terrorist attack, geopolitical instability, war, power loss, telecommunications failure, extreme weather conditions (such as hurricanes, wildfires or floods) or other catastrophic event could cause system interruptions, delays in accessing our service, reputational harm, loss of critical data or could prevent us from providing our products and services to our clients. In addition, several of our employee groups reside in
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areas particularly susceptible to earthquakes, such as the San Francisco Bay Area and Japan, and a major earthquake or other catastrophic event could affect our employees, who may not be able to access our systems, or otherwise continue to provide our services to our clients. A catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of our data centers, or our network infrastructure or information technology systems, or access to our systems could affect our ability to conduct normal business operations and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, the emergence or spread of a pandemic or other widespread health emergency (or response to the possibility of such an emergency) could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Future acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships or alliances could be difficult to identify and integrate, divert the attention of management, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our services, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not the acquisitions are completed. If we acquire businesses, we may not be able to integrate successfully the acquired personnel, operations and technologies, or effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition. We may not be able to find and identify desirable acquisition targets or be successful in entering into an agreement with any particular target or obtain adequate financing to complete such acquisitions. Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
The commercial insurance market is changing rapidly in response to rising insurance losses and claims, changes in available insurance capacity and adverse worldwide economic conditions, uncertainties, and risks, which may lead to higher premium costs, higher policy deductibles, self-insured retentions, and/or lower coverage limits, potentially impacting our ability to continue our present limits of insurance coverage, obtain sufficient insurance capacity to adequately insure our risks or maintain adequate insurance at a reasonable cost.
Commercial insurance availability and coverage terms, including deductibles, self-insured retentions and pricing, vary with market conditions. While we believe our insurance coverage addresses material risks to which we are exposed and is adequate and customary for our current global operations, we have observed rapidly changing conditions in the insurance markets relating to nearly all areas of traditional corporate insurance, resulting in higher premium costs, rising policy deductibles/self-insured retentions and lower coverage limits. If these changes continue, we may not be able to continue our present limits of insurance coverage, obtain sufficient insurance capacity to adequately insure our risks and/or obtain and maintain adequate insurance at a reasonable cost. Our insurance policies cover a number of risks and potential liabilities, such as general liability, property coverage, errors and omissions liability, employment liability, business interruptions, cybersecurity liability, crime, and directors’ and officers’ liability. We cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover liabilities actually incurred, that insurance will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim or become insolvent. The successful assertion of one or more claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases, decreases in coverage and the imposition of large deductible, self-insured retentions, or co-insurance requirements, or the insolvency of any of our insurers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our operations could harm our business.
Our business is subject to regulation by various global governmental agencies, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing employment and labor laws, workplace safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, anti-bribery laws, import/export controls, securities laws and tax laws and regulations. For example, transfer of certain software outside of the United States or to certain persons is regulated by export controls.
In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than those in the United States. Noncompliance with applicable requirements could subject us to investigations, sanctions, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties or injunctions and may result in our inability to provide certain products and services. If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, or if clients make claims against us for compensation for such non-compliance, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed, and responding to any such type of action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources.
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Reports published by analysts, including projections in those reports that differ from our actual results, could adversely affect the price and trading volume of our Common Stock.
Securities research analysts may establish and publish their own periodic projections for us. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our share price may decline if our actual results do not meet the projections of these securities research analysts. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, our share price or trading volume could decline. If no additional analysts commence coverage of us, the market price and volume for our common shares could be adversely affected.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
As a company that provides managed support services and security solutions for client applications, databases and technology infrastructure, we are committed to protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our and our clients’ information assets. We recognize the importance of assessing, identifying, and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats, as such term is defined in Item 106(a) of Regulation S-K. These risks include, among other things, operational risks, intellectual property theft, fraud, extortion, harm to employees or customers and violation of data privacy or security laws.
As described further below, we maintain a formal and comprehensive information security management framework based on the ISO 27001:2022 Information Security Management System standard and have implemented policies, standards, processes and practices for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Board, including the Audit Committee of our Board, and our management oversee our risk management program, of which cybersecurity represents an important component.
Risk Management and Strategy
To defend, detect and respond to cybersecurity incidents, we, among other things, invest in and deploy industry leading cybersecurity tools and platforms; conduct proactive cybersecurity and privacy reviews of software, systems, applications and third-party service providers; develop applicable policies and processes; perform independent penetration testing to evaluate and test security controls; conduct employee training and testing; monitor emerging laws and regulations related to data protection and information security though a dedicated team of in-house attorneys with experience in privacy and security matters; and monitor and respond to emerging threats, implementing appropriate mitigating controls as necessary.
We have established policies and procedures, including our Incident Response Plan (“IRP”), for assessing, identifying, managing, and responding to cybersecurity and privacy threats and incidents, including protocols for assessing potential material impact from cybersecurity threats and incidents, escalating to executive leadership and the Board, engaging external stakeholders, and reporting incidents based on applicable legal requirements. Our IRP provides guidance in the event of a cybersecurity incident, including processes with roles and responsibilities assigned to members of our Incident Response Team (“IRT”), to triage, assess severity, escalate, contain, investigate, and remediate incidents, as well as to comply with potentially applicable legal obligations and mitigate brand and reputational damage. Our IRT is led by our Chief Information Security Officer, with representatives from our IT, Security, Corporate Legal, Communications and Public Relations, Human Resources, Ethics & Compliance and Finance departments/functions.
We conduct post-incident reviews of our response to cybersecurity threats and incidents, in addition to evaluating the effectiveness of supporting recovery protocols. In addition, employees and stakeholders can report cybersecurity threats, cybersecurity and data privacy incidents, or other concerns through external and internal reporting channels.
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Internally, we have a security awareness program which includes training that reinforces our information technology and security policies, standards and practices, and we require that our employees comply and formally attest to these policies. The security awareness program offers training on how to identify potential cybersecurity risks and protect our resources and information. This training is mandatory for all employees annually, and it is supplemented by testing initiatives, including periodic phishing tests. Our Security function distributes bi-monthly “Security Hints and Tips” emails to all employees on topics such as recognizing various types of phishing, “click-bait” and similar scams used by cybercriminals that could result in financial fraud, identity theft or the accidental installation of malware on company electronic devices.
We engage in an annual privacy awareness initiative surrounding an event known as International Data Privacy Day (January 28), which is acknowledged in over 50 countries as promoting data privacy best practices and raising awareness about the importance of data protection. International Data Privacy Day messaging includes highlighting the various departments and employees who support our data privacy and security compliance efforts, as well as trivia challenges designed to engage employees on this topic. Our in-house Privacy Legal team distributes a monthly “Data Protection Digest” newsletter designed to update employees about the latest global regulatory developments related to privacy and security and emerging technologies. Finally, our compliance program requires all employees to take periodic data privacy training. This training includes information about confidentiality and security, as well as responding to unauthorized access to or use of information.
Cybersecurity Governance
The Audit Committee of our Board is responsible for the primary oversight of enterprise risk assessment and management pertaining to the financial, accounting, liquidity, market, tax, cybersecurity and other information technology risks facing our company. At its regular meetings, the Audit Committee, which meets no less than four times per year, receives regular reports from our Company’s Ethics & Compliance function, on matters relating to compliance, as well as from our Vice President of Risk Management on enterprise risk management, including the activities of our internal audit department surrounding audits and risk assessments of our information security management system, coverage by our insurance carriers for cybersecurity incidents, and our ISO 9001 and 27001 certifications (described above under the heading “Compliance and Certifications” in Part I, Item 1 (“Business”) of this Report.
The full Board, at least annually, and the Audit Committee of the Board, generally quarterly, receive reports on our cybersecurity program and developments. These reports include analyses of recent cybersecurity threats and incidents at the Company and across the industry, as well as a review of our own security controls, assessments and program maturity. It is anticipated that Audit Committee oversight will include review of periodic tabletop exercises to test cybersecurity infrastructure and incident response measures.
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Generally, the implementation, management and oversight of our cyber risk strategy involves participation and input from Company personnel across a range of functional areas, including our IT, Security, Privacy, Risk Management and Legal functions. Our strategy is designed to incorporate awareness of cyber risk into our day-to-day operations and functions, including the maintenance and establishment of client relationships, operating expectations, contract negotiations, the obtainment of insurance coverage and evaluations of third-party service providers.
Item 2. Properties
Our principal executive offices are located in Las Vegas, Nevada. We also lease office facilities or contract with flexible workspace providers in various U.S. cities located in California, Illinois, New York and North Carolina, as well as internationally in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom.
We lease all of our facilities, and we do not own any real property. To the extent we may require additional office space in the future, we believe that it would be readily available on commercially reasonable terms. For additional information regarding impairment charges related to certain of our office leases, please refer to Note 2 of the 2025 Consolidated Financial Statement included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The legal proceedings described in Note 9 of the 2025 Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report are incorporated in this Item 3. Legal Proceedings by reference.
In addition, from time to time, we may be a party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of judgment, defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our Common Stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “RMNI.”
Holders
On February 17, 2026, there were approximately 40 stockholders of record of our Common Stock. We believe the number of beneficial owners of our Common Stock are substantially greater than the number of record holders because a large portion of our outstanding Common Stock is held of record in broker “street names” for the benefit of individual investors.
Dividends
The payment of any dividends on our Common Stock is currently within the discretion of our Board of Directors subject to certain restrictions under the terms of our 2024 Credit Facility. We have not paid any cash dividends on our Common Stock to date and the payment of any future cash dividends will be dependent upon our revenue, earnings and financial condition from time to time. As of the date of this Report, we expect that we will retain all earnings for use in our business operations and our stock repurchase program rather than paying cash dividends. Accordingly, we give no assurances that our Board of Directors will declare any dividends on our outstanding shares of Common Stock in the foreseeable future.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
Reference is made to “Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” for the information required by this item.
Stock Performance
The accompanying performance graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, for the period beginning December 31, 2020 and ended December 31, 2025, with the cumulative total return on the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Computer Services Index over the same period (assuming the investment of $100 in our Common Stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Computer Services Index on December 31, 2020), and the reinvestment of dividends. The cumulative total stockholder return on the following graph is historical and is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| Rimini Street, Inc. | $100.00 | $145.74 | $86.01 | $73.82 | $60.48 | $88.94 | ||||||||||||||
| Nasdaq Composite Index | $100.00 | $122.21 | $82.48 | $119.35 | $157.95 | $190.24 | ||||||||||||||
| Dow Jones U.S. Computer Services Index | $100.00 | $120.62 | $104.57 | $127.85 | $158.36 | $186.09 | ||||||||||||||
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This stock performance information is “furnished” and shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or subject to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date of this Report and irrespective of any general incorporation by reference language in any such filing, except to the extent we specifically incorporate the information by reference.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table sets forth the monthly acquisitions of our Common Stock that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2025.
| Period | Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plan (1) | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet to be purchased (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 1-31, 2025 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 40,479,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| November 1-30, 2025 | 975,000 | $ | 3.92 | 975,000 | $ | 36,654,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| December 1-31, 2025 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 36,654,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 975,000 | 975,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Shares were repurchased in open-market transactions under a $50 million stock repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors in 2022 and extended by the Board of Directors on September 29, 2025 to terminate on June 1, 2029, subject to compliance with the Company’s 2024 Credit Facility and provided that all other applicable conditions and legal requirements are satisfied. No shares were purchased other than through publicly announced programs during the periods shown.
(2) Amounts in this column reflect amounts remaining under our $50 million stock repurchase program.
Item 6. Reserved
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Rimini Street, Inc. was formed in the State of Nevada in 2005 and, through a merger in 2017 with a public company, became Rimini Street, Inc., a Delaware corporation (referred to as the “Company”, “we” and “us”), trading on the Nasdaq Global Market under the ticker symbol “RMNI”. References to “management” or “management team” refer to the officers of the Company.
A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 is presented below. A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 that are not in this Report can be found under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025, which discussion is hereby incorporated by reference and is available on the SEC’s website at sec.gov.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes to those statements included in Item 8 of this Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and elsewhere in this Report. See also “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” contained in this Report.
Certain figures, such as interest rates and other percentages included in this section have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this section have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our Consolidated Financial Statements or in the associated text. Certain other amounts that appear in this section may similarly not sum due to rounding.
Overview
Rimini Street, Inc. and its subsidiaries are collectively global providers of end-to-end third-party enterprise software support, managed services and Agentic AI ERP innovation solutions.
Our mission is to enable our clients to better control their IT roadmap by offering a comprehensive portfolio of unified software support services and related ERP solutions – designed to be funded within existing budgets – to accelerate the vision of Transformation without Disruption,™ empowering clients to put technology to work to produce more efficient business outcomes to provide a competitive advantage and facilitate growth.
We founded Rimini Street to disrupt and redefine the enterprise software support market by developing and delivering new solutions that filled an unmet need in the enterprise software market: an alternative to software vendor support. We became and remain the leading independent software support provider for enterprise software based on both the number of active clients supported and recognition by industry analyst firms.
As our reputation for technical capability, value, ingenuity, responsiveness and reliability has grown over the past twenty years, clients and prospects have asked us to expand the scope of our support, product and service offerings to meet other current and evolving needs and opportunities related to their enterprise software. As a result, we began expanding our solutions portfolio (our “Solutions Portfolio”) to provide a wider array of support for enterprise software – including an expanded list of supported software through our Rimini Custom program; managed services for Workday, Dayforce and ServiceNow; and new solutions for security, interoperability, observability and consulting.
We believe that our current and prospective clients often seek to reduce the number of IT vendors to allow more manageable governance, with a desire to select vendors who can provide a wider scope of IT services and become true trusted partners.
We also understand that clients and client prospects increasingly face shrinking IT budgets, driving a further need to obtain efficiencies and savings across their entire enterprise software landscape while meeting expectations of continued new innovation to remain competitive in their respective industries – doing more with less.
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To address these evolving needs and to service what we believe is a significantly expanded addressable market opportunity, we have developed a proprietary operating model for enterprise software, the Rimini Smart Path.
The Rimini Smart Path methodology applies a portfolio of solutions to transform how businesses support and optimize their software portfolio so they can innovate with new technologies, such as agentic artificial intelligence (AI). It has three steps: Support > Optimize > Innovate. We believe that by following the Rimini Smart Path, IT and business leaders can transform how they support and optimize their enterprise software portfolio to maximize return on their software investments, save on software support costs and improve operational performance. In our experience, these measures unlock the ability to innovate within existing IT budgets, including by investing in AI solutions such as Rimini Agentic UX, which was initially launched in December 2025 in partnership with ServiceNow® as an intelligent user experience layer powered by AI and deployed across existing enterprise software systems for process automation, AI-enabled productivity and enterprise visibility.
As of December 31, 2025, we employed over 1,980 professionals and supported over 3,100 active clients globally, including approximately 78 Fortune 500 companies and 20 Fortune Global 100 companies across a broad range of industries. We define an active client as a distinct entity, such as a company, an educational or government institution, or a business unit of a company that purchases our support, products or services. For example, we count as two separate active client instances in circumstances where we provide support for two different products to the same entity. We market and sell our services globally, primarily through our direct sales force, and have wholly-owned subsidiaries in Australia, Brazil, Canada, UAE (Dubai), France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Foreign Trade Representative Office), Israel, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States. For a discussion on our competitors, refer to “Competition” (Part I, Item 1 of this Report).
We believe our subscription-based revenue provides a strong foundation for, and visibility into, future period results. We generated revenue of $421.5 million and $428.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing a year-over-year decrease of 2%. We have a history of losses, and as of December 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $201.4 million. We recorded net income of $37.1 million and a net loss of $36.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We generated approximately 46% of our revenue in the United States and approximately 54% of our revenue from our international business for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Since our inception, we have financed our operations through cash collected from clients and net proceeds from equity financings and borrowings.
We intend to continue investing for long-term revenue growth and profitability. We have invested and expect to continue investing in expanding our ability to market, sell and provide our current and future products and services to clients globally. We also expect to continue investing in the development and improvement of new and existing enterprise software support, products, and services to address current and evolving client needs.
Our Business Model
Enterprise software support, products and services is one of the largest categories of overall global IT spending. We believe that for mission-critical ERP, CRM and related enterprise software, the costs associated with failure, downtime, security exposure and maintaining the tax, legal and regulatory compliance of these core software systems have also increased. We also believe organizations are increasingly creating more complex IT environments that are a mixture of multiple technologies, business models and vendors, including traditional license and subscription license software solutions, deployed across the client’s system and cloud computing providers (hybrid IT environments), and consisting of proprietary and non-proprietary open-source software, all from a multitude of different technology vendors. As a result, we believe that licensees often view software support as a mandatory cost of doing business.
The majority of our revenue through December 31, 2025, was generated from our support solutions.
In a traditional licensing model, the customer typically procures a perpetual software license and pays for the license in a single upfront fee (“perpetual license”), and base software support services can be optionally procured from the software vendor for an annual fee that is typically 20–23% of the total cost of the software license. In a newer subscription-based licensing model, such as software as a service (“SaaS”), the customer generally pays for the usage of the software on a monthly or annual basis (“subscription license”). Under a subscription license, the product license and a base level of software support are generally bundled together as a single purchase, and the base level of software support is not procured separately nor is it an optional purchase.
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When we provide our support solutions for a traditional software license, we generally offer our clients service for a fee that we believe is equal to approximately 50% of the annual fees charged by the software vendor for their base support. When providing supplemental software support for a perpetual license, where the client procures our support service in addition to retaining the software vendor’s base support, we generally offer our clients service for a fee that we believe is equal to approximately 25% of the annual fees charged by the software vendor for their base support. We also offer a special support service, Rimini Street Extra Secure Support, available to clients that require a more rigorous level of security background checks and/or government security clearance for engineers accessing a client’s system than our standard employment security background check and requirements. Clients may be asked to pay an additional fee for Rimini Street Extra Secure Support.
We offer a breadth of enterprise software support, products and services through our Solutions Portfolio that are designed to meet specific client needs and to provide what we believe is exceptional value and return for the fees charged. For more details about our Solutions Portfolio, please see Item 1 “Business” included in Part I of this Report. For information regarding our invoicing practices for non-subscription-based services, see Note 2 (Revenue Recognition - Other Services) to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report.
Key Business Metrics
Number of clients
Since the founding of our Company, we have made the expansion of our client base a priority. We believe that our ability to expand our client base is an indicator of the growth of our business, the success of our sales and marketing activities, and the value that our services bring to our clients. We define an active client as a distinct entity, such as a company, an educational or government institution, or a business unit of a company that purchases our services to support a specific product. For example, we count as two separate active clients when support for two different products is being provided to the same entity. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had approximately 3,100 and 3,080 active clients, respectively.
We define a unique client as a distinct entity, such as a company, an educational or government institution or a subsidiary, division or business unit of a company that purchases one or more of our support, products or services. We count as two separate unique clients when two separate subsidiaries, divisions or business units of an entity purchase our products or services. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had over 1,560 and 1,570 and unique clients, respectively.
The increase in our active client counts is attributable to a combination of new unique client wins as well as to cross-sales of new support, products and services to existing clients. While we saw strong unique client wins throughout the year, we did lose some clients with a single product line, which resulted in a decline in our ending unique client count. As noted previously, we intend to focus future growth on both new and existing clients who more broadly adopt our enterprise software products and services.
Annualized subscription revenue
We recognize subscription revenue on a daily basis. We define annualized subscription revenue as the amount of subscription revenue recognized during a quarter and multiplied by four. This gives us an indication of the revenue that can be earned in the following 12-month period from our existing client base assuming no cancellations or price changes occur during that period.
Our annualized subscription revenue was approximately $411 million and $415 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our annualized subscription revenue calculated as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, excluded one-time subscription revenue recognized due to client terminations, as noted under the heading “Results of Operations,” below. Excluding subscription revenue from support for Oracle PeopleSoft products, our annualized subscription revenue was $396 million and $384 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Subscription revenue, which excludes any non-recurring revenue, was $400 million and $413 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Excluding subscription revenue from support for Oracle PeopleSoft products, our subscription revenue was $380 million and $382 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Revenue retention rate
A key part of our business model is the recurring nature of our revenue. As a result, it is important that we retain clients after the completion of the non-cancelable portion of the support period. We believe that our revenue retention rate provides insight into the quality of our products and services and the value that our products and services provide our clients.
We define revenue retention rate as the actual subscription revenue (dollar-based) recognized in a 12-month period from clients that existed on the day prior to the start of the 12-month period divided by our annualized subscription revenue as of the day prior to the start of the 12-month period. Our revenue retention rate was 88% and 88% for each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Gross margin
We derive revenue through the sale of our enterprise software products and services. All the costs incurred in providing these products and services are recognized as part of the cost of revenue. The cost of revenue includes all direct product line expenses, as well as the expenses incurred by our shared services organization which supports all product lines.
We define gross profit as the difference between revenue and the costs incurred in providing the software products and services. Gross margin is the ratio of gross profit divided by revenue. Our gross margin was approximately 60.4% and 60.9% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our gross profit margin declined for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 due to a change in our revenue mix as evidenced by a decline in revenue attributable to services for Oracle PeopleSoft products and other subscription revenue, which was offset, in part, by an increase in professional services revenue.
Factors Affecting Our Operating Performance
Wind down of services for Oracle PeopleSoft products and Rimini II litigation settlement
In July 2024, we announced our plan to wind down services for Oracle PeopleSoft products and began the Wind Down project. The Wind Down includes our Rimini Support, Rimini Manage and Rimini Consult services for Oracle PeopleSoft products.
On July 7, 2025, we and our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Mr. Ravin, entered into a settlement agreement with affiliates of Oracle Corporation relating to the Rimini II litigation. Under the terms of this agreement, we are required to complete the Wind Down no later than by the end of the Wind Down Period (July 31, 2028). As we provide services for Oracle PeopleSoft products to clients globally, the Wind Down process is expected to take place over the Wind Down Period, but both the pace of revenue reduction and the final date that the Company will receive revenue from the discontinued services is unknown as of the date of this Report. We expect significant reductions in revenue related to services for Oracle PeopleSoft products over the course of the Wind Down Period. Please refer to Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report, for additional information regarding our litigation with Oracle, including the Rimini II litigation.
Adoption of our enterprise software products and services
We believe the existing market for independent enterprise software support services is underserved. We are a global provider of enterprise software products and services, the leading third-party support provider for Oracle and SAP software products, and a Salesforce partner. We also believe the existing market for our other enterprise software products and services is underserved, and that we have unique products and services that can meet client needs in the marketplace. For example, we provide security, interoperability and compatibility products and services with the Rimini Protect and Rimini Connect solutions.
We also believe that our total addressable market for our enterprise software products and services is substantially larger than our current client base and the products and services we currently offer. As a result, we believe we have the opportunity to expand our global client base and to further increase adoption of our software products and services within and across existing clients. However, as the demand for independent (versus software vendor) enterprise software support services as well as our other software products and services is still emerging, it is difficult for us to predict the timing of when and if widespread acceptance will occur.
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Sales cycle
We sell our services to our clients primarily through our direct sales organization. Our sales cycle, depending on the product or service, typically ranges from six months to a year from when a prospective client is initially engaged.
The variability in our sales cycle for software support services is impacted by whether software vendors or other current software support providers are able to convince our potential clients to upgrade or migrate from their existing ERP software. For potential clients who choose not to upgrade or migrate, variability in our sales cycle can also result from potential clients choosing to renew their software support contract with the existing vendor or procure or renew supplemental support services from the existing vendor, respectively. Another driver of our sales cycle variability is any announcement by a software vendor of their discontinuation, reduction or limitation of support services for a particular software product or release for which we continue to offer a competing support service. In addition, our sales cycle variability for software support is impacted by vendor discounts provided by software vendors to retain existing clients or attract potential clients.
Global economic uncertainty
We have experienced some clients not renewing our services due to the adverse impact on their businesses from current global economic uncertainty, as well as by the economic disruption continuing to be caused by current military conflicts, and recent political and trade turmoil between the U.S. and other countries, amongst other geopolitical challenges. While we do not physically operate in some of these countries where conflict is occurring, we do have operations in Israel. These global events, together with inflationary pressures, have negatively impacted the global economy.
Uncertainty regarding changes continuing to be made in laws and regulations by the current U.S. administration, changing interest rates, along with uncertainty about U.S. trade policies, particularly when pertaining to treaties, tariffs and other limitations on international trade, are causing economic and geopolitical uncertainty. Despite these macroeconomic and geopolitical pressures, we expect to continue to be able to market, sell and provide our current and future products and services to clients in non-sanctioned countries globally. We also expect to continue investing in the development and improvement of new and existing products and services to address client needs. Further, although our operations are influenced by general economic conditions, we do not believe the impacts of the economic disruptions described above had a significant net impact on our revenue or results of operations during the year ended December 31, 2025.
The extent to which inflation, interest rate changes and continuing global economic and geopolitical uncertainty impact our business going forward, however, will depend on numerous evolving factors we cannot reliably predict and that are beyond our control, including continued governmental and business actions in response to increasing global economic and geopolitical uncertainty. As such, the effects of rising inflation, interest rate changes and other negative impacts on the global economy may not be fully reflected in our financial results until future periods. Refer to “Risk Factors” (Part II, Item 1A of this Report) for a discussion of these factors and other risks.
Key Components of Consolidated Statements of Operations
Revenue. We currently derive significant portion of our revenue from subscription-based contracts for software services. Revenue from these contracts is recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period.
Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue includes salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expenses associated with our technical support and service delivery organizations, as well as allocated overhead and non-personnel expenses such as outside services, professional fees and travel-related expenses. Allocated overhead includes overhead costs for depreciation of equipment, facilities (consisting of leasehold improvements and rent) and technical operations (including costs for compensation of our personnel and costs associated with our infrastructure). We recognize expenses related to our technical support and service delivery organizations as they are incurred. All other costs include royalties paid for the use of products or services resold or licensed to clients, which were provided by other vendors.
Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our sales, marketing and business development employees and executives, amortization expense associated with capitalized sales commissions, sales commissions that do not qualify for capitalization, travel-related expenses, outside services and allocated overhead.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our administrative, legal, human resources, finance and accounting employees and executives. These expenses also include non-
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employee expenses, such as travel-related expenses, outside services, legal, auditing and other professional fees, and general corporate expenses, along with an allocation of our general overhead expenses.
Reorganization costs. These costs consist primarily of severance costs associated with reorganization activities that occurred in 2025 and 2024.
Litigation costs and related recoveries, net. Litigation costs and benefits consist of legal settlements and third-party professional fees to defend against litigation claims. Any settlements paid to or received from other parties are recorded as litigation settlement.
Interest expense. Interest expense is incurred under our 2024 Credit Facility (as defined below) and other debt obligations. The components of interest expense include the amount of interest payable in cash at the stated interest rate, interest that is payable in kind through additional borrowings, make-whole applicable premium, and accretion of debt discounts and issuance costs using the effective interest method. Interest expense also includes payments incurred or received as a result of the interest rate swap agreement.
Other income, net. Other income, net consists primarily of gains or losses on foreign currency transactions and interest income.
Income taxes. The provision for income taxes is based on the amount of our taxable income and enacted federal, state and foreign tax rates, as adjusted for allowable credits and deductions. Our provision for income taxes consists primarily of foreign taxes for the periods presented, as our taxable income for U.S. federal and state purposes is offset by net operating losses. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets would not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.
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Results of Operations
Comparison of Years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented below (in thousands):
| Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Amount | Percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 421,536 | $ | 428,753 | $ | (7,217) | (1.7)% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee compensation and benefits | 100,306 | 105,647 | (5,341) | (5.1)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Engineering consulting costs | 27,929 | 26,225 | 1,704 | 6.5% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Administrative allocations (1) | 18,046 | 16,267 | 1,779 | 10.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other costs | 20,654 | 19,592 | 1,062 | 5.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | 166,935 | 167,731 | (796) | (0.5)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 254,601 | 261,022 | (6,421) | (2.5)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 60.4% | 60.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 151,569 | 149,736 | 1,833 | 1.2% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 69,997 | 73,084 | (3,087) | (4.2)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reorganization costs | 4,491 | 5,737 | (1,246) | (21.7)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Litigation costs and related recoveries, net | (31,365) | 64,593 | (95,958) | (148.6)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 194,692 | 293,150 | (98,458) | (33.6)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 59,909 | (32,128) | 92,037 | (286.5)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (6,151) | (6,305) | 154 | (2.4)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 1,873 | 1,790 | 83 | 4.6% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 55,631 | (36,643) | 92,274 | (251.8)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | (18,533) | 371 | (18,904) | (5,095.4)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 37,098 | $ | (36,272) | $ | 73,370 | (202.3)% | |||||||||||||||||||
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(1)Includes the portion of costs for information technology, security services and facilities costs that are allocated to cost of revenue. In our Consolidated Financial Statements, such costs are allocated between cost of revenue, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses based primarily on relative headcount, except for facilities which is based on occupancy.
Revenue. Revenue decreased from $428.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $421.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of $7.2 million or 2%. The decline was due, in part, to a reduction of our Oracle PeopleSoft and other subscription clients of $12.9 million. The decline in our subscription revenue was offset, in part, by an increase of our professional services of $5.8 million. Included in our subscription revenue was $2.1 million and $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to separate one-time revenue recognition for two different client terminations.
On a regional basis, United States revenue declined from $210.0 million for fiscal 2024 to $193.0 million for fiscal 2025, a decline of $17.0 million or 8%, while international revenue grew from $218.8 million for fiscal 2024 to $228.5 million for fiscal 2025, an increase of $9.7 million or 4%.
We are required by the terms of our 2025 Settlement Agreement with Oracle to complete our previously-announced Wind Down of support and services for Oracle PeopleSoft products no later than July 31, 2028. The percentage of revenue derived from support and services which we provide solely for Oracle PeopleSoft products was approximately 5% and 8% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Cost of revenue. Total cost of revenue decreased from $167.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $166.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decline of $0.8 million or 0.5%. This decline was due to a decrease in our costs for employee compensation and benefits of $5.3 million, offset by an increase in administrative allocations of $1.8 million, an increase in outside engineering costs of $1.7 million and an increase of $1.1 million related to all other costs.
The $5.3 million decrease in cost of revenue attributable to employee compensation and benefits for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to a 6% reduction in the average number of employees in 2025 compared to 2024.
Gross Profit. Gross profit decreased from $261.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $254.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decline of $6.4 million or 2%. Gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 60.9% compared to 60.4% for the year ended December 31, 2025. Our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 declined by $7.2 million or 2% compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. Total cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased by $0.8 million, or 0.5%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. Given that the decrease in the cost of revenue was 0.5% was less than our decline in revenue of 2%, we realized a decline of 50 basis points in our gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024.
Sales and marketing expenses. As a percentage of our revenue, sales and marketing expenses have increased from 35% for the year ended December 31, 2024 to 36% for the year ended December 31, 2025. In dollar terms, sales and marketing expenses increased from $149.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $151.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $1.8 million or 1%. This increase was primarily due to (i) a $2.7 million increase in employee compensation and benefits, (ii) a $2.4 million increase in administrative allocated costs and (iii) a $0.8 million increase of other costs. These costs increases were offset by (iv) a $3.6 million decrease in travel and entertainment costs, primarily related to a sales training event held in January 2024 not held in 2025 and (v) a $0.9 million net decline for advertising, marketing and promotional costs and trade shows.
The $2.7 million increase in employee compensation and benefits for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to increases in stock-based compensation expense of $1.8 million, bonus expense of $1.4 million, salaries and wages of $0.8 million, offset, in part, by a decline in commissions of $1.6 million and other benefits of $0.2 million.
We expect to incur higher sales and marketing expenses associated with supporting the growth of our business as we continue to bring to market our new solutions and partnerships.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased from $73.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $70.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decline of $3.1 million or 4.2%. The decrease was primarily due to (i) an increase of administrative allocations of $4.2 million, (ii) a reduction of outside professional fees of $1.7 million, (iii) a reduction in contract labor costs of $0.6 million and (iv) a reduction of recruiting costs of $0.3 million. These favorable variances were offset, in part, by (v) an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $1.2 million, (vi) an increase of rent costs of $0.6 million and an increase related to all other costs of $1.0 million, primarily related to bad debt expense.
The $1.2 million increase attributable to employee compensation and benefits for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to an increase in bonus expense of $2.0 million and other benefits of $0.4 million, offset by a decrease in salaries and wages of $0.6 million and stock-based compensation expense of $0.6 million.
Reorganization costs. We recognized reorganization costs of $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. These costs were primarily related to severance costs associated with our reorganization plans. We may incur additional reorganization costs during 2026 as we continue to optimize our cost structure in areas where opportunities exist to streamline our operations.
Litigation costs and related recoveries, net. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, litigation costs and related recoveries, net consist of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | Change | |||||||||||||||
| Litigation settlement | $ | (36,196) | $ | 58,512 | $ | (94,708) | |||||||||||
| Professional fees and other costs of litigation | 4,831 | 6,081 | (1,250) | ||||||||||||||
| Litigation costs, net of related insurance recoveries | $ | (31,365) | $ | 64,593 | $ | (95,958) | |||||||||||
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Litigation settlement changed from an expense of $58.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to a litigation settlement benefit of $36.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. In September 2024, the District Court issued its order on Oracle’s motion for attorneys’ fees and taxable costs and awarded Oracle approximately $58.5 million in attorneys’ fees and costs, which we recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024. In July 2025, in accordance with the terms of the Settlement Agreement, we received from Oracle approximately $37.9 million of the $58.5 million in attorneys’ fees and costs and $0.2 million of interest that we previously paid to Oracle in late 2024. This loss recovery was recognized as litigation settlement income of $36.2 million and interest income of $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. While we expect to incur professional fees and other costs associated with the settled litigation in the future throughout the Wind Down Period, it is our expectation that those costs will continue to decrease from our historical spend.
Professional fees and other defense costs associated with litigation decreased from $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of $1.3 million. This decrease was primarily due to the timing of when litigation costs relating to the Rimini II litigation were incurred. Please refer to Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report, for additional information regarding our litigation with Oracle.
Interest expense. Interest expense decreased from $6.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decline of $0.2 million. Interest expense related to our term loan decreased $0.3 million due primarily to lowering interest rates as the effective interest rate was 8.8% for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to an effective interest rate of 8.0% for the year ended December 31, 2025. In addition, interest incurred for finance leases and other items declined $0.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. These declines were offset, in part, by an increase of interest expense of $0.3 million related to our revolving line of credit as we borrowed funds for seven months during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to three months during year ended December 31, 2024.
Other income, net. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we had other income, net of $1.8 million as compared to other income, net of $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $0.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2024, other income, net of $1.8 million was comprised of gains from cash equivalents and investments of $3.6 million which were offset, in part, by foreign exchange losses of $1.2 million and other costs of $0.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2025, net other income of approximately $1.9 million was comprised of gains and interest income from cash equivalents of $4.8 million which were offset significantly by foreign exchange losses of approximately $2.5 million and other costs of $0.4 million.
Income taxes. Income taxes changed from tax benefit of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to a tax expense of $18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a change of $18.9 million or 5,095%. This was primarily due to an increase of income before taxes of $92.3 million in the current year period compared to the prior year period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
As of December 31, 2025, our primary source of cash is collections from client billings. Other customary sources of cash have historically included proceeds from interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, sales and maturities of short-term investments and proceeds from our 2024 Credit Facility. Our primary uses of cash are for general business expenses, capital expenditures and repayments of borrowings on our 2024 Credit Facility. Other customary uses of cash have included purchases of short-term investments and our stock repurchase program, from time to time.
As of December 31, 2025, we had a working capital deficit of $47.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $201.4 million. We recorded net income of $37.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and a net loss of $36.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively.
Credit Facility
On April 30, 2024, we refinanced our $90 million five-year term loan (the “Original Credit Facility”), which had an outstanding principal balance of $70.9 million, with our 2024 Credit Facility, a five-year senior secured credit facility consisting of a $75.0 million term loan and a $35.0 million revolving line of credit. As of December 31, 2025, we had outstanding term loan borrowings of $69.4 million. On February 4, 2026, we repaid $5.0 million on our term loan principal balance. As of December 31, 2025, there were no outstanding borrowings on the revolving line of credit under our 2024 Credit
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Facility. Therefore, we had net available borrowing capacity of $35.0 million under our revolving line of credit as of December 31, 2025.
We have a choice of interest rates under the 2024 Credit Facility between (a) SOFR and (b) Base Rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin remains the same as the Original Credit Facility and is based on our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility) and whether we elect SOFR (ranging from 2.75% to 3.50%) or a Base Rate (ranging from 1.75% to 2.5%). Interest on the unused portion of the revolving credit line is at rates of between 25 to 40 basis points, depending on our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio. Annual minimum principal payments over the five-year term for the 2024 Credit Facility are 5%, 5%, 7.5%, 7.5%, and 10%, respectively, with the remaining balance due at the end of the original term.
The 2024 Credit Facility contains certain financial covenants, including a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio greater than 1.25, a total leverage ratio less than 3.75, and a minimum liquidity balance of at least $20 million in U.S. cash. We believe that we are in compliance with these financials covenants for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Please refer to Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report for information regarding our 2024 Credit Facility.
A key component of our business model requires that substantially all clients prepay us annually for the services we will provide over the following year or longer. As a result, we typically collect cash from our clients in advance of when the related service costs are incurred, which resulted in deferred revenue of $268.7 million that is included in current liabilities as of December 31, 2025. Therefore, we believe that working capital deficit is not as meaningful in evaluating our liquidity since the costs of fulfilling our commitments to provide services to clients are currently limited to approximately 39.6% of the related deferred revenue based on our gross profit percentage of 60.4% for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Assuming that our operations are not significantly impacted by rising inflation, continued interest rate changes, other global economic or geopolitical uncertainties, or the litigation matters as disclosed in Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report, we believe that cash and cash equivalents of $120.0 million as of December 31, 2025, plus future cash flows from operating activities and our 2024 Credit Facility, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs including working capital requirements, planned capital expenditures and our contractual obligations for at least twelve months from the issuance date of our financial statements. Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including client growth, number of employees, expansion of sales and marketing activities, and the introduction of new and enhanced services offerings. We may also enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services, technologies, or intellectual property rights in the future. We may choose to seek additional debt or equity financing to support these long-term capital requirements. In an economic downturn, we may also be unable to raise capital through debt or equity financings on terms acceptable to us or at all. Covenants in our 2024 Credit Facility could also have consequences on our operations, including restricting or delaying our ability to obtain additional financing, potentially limiting our ability to adjust to rapidly changing market conditions or respond to business opportunities. Additionally, in challenging and uncertain economic environments, we cannot predict when macroeconomic uncertainty may arise, whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen or what impact such circumstances could have on our business and our liquidity requirements.
Cash Flows Summary
Presented below is a summary of our cash flow activities for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | Change | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 60,221 | $ | (38,849) | $ | 99,070 | |||||||||||
| Investing activities | (4,571) | 6,448 | (11,019) | ||||||||||||||
| Financing activities | (26,601) | 14,016 | (40,617) | ||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign currency on cash | 2,829 | (8,245) | 11,074 | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 31,878 | $ | (26,630) | $ | 58,508 | |||||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our primary source of operating cash is collections from client billings. A key component of our business model generally requires that customers prepay us annually for the services we will provide over the following year or longer. As a
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result, we collect cash in advance of the date when the vast majority of the related services are provided. Our primary uses of operating cash are for employee-related expenditures, outsourced labor, marketing activities, computer supplies, software and licenses, litigation and leased facilities.
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, cash flows provided by and used in operating activities amounted to $60.2 million and $38.8 million, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, cash flows provided by operating activities of $60.2 million consisted of net income of $37.1 million adjusted for non-cash expenses, net of $31.9 million, and unfavorable changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of $8.7 million. Included in the net income for the year ended December 31, 2025 was the receipt of $37.9 million of litigation settlement proceeds in July 2025. The unfavorable changes in operating assets and liabilities were driven by an increase in prepaid expenses due to the timing of payments for software licensing, trade show events and insurance, an increase in accounts receivable driven by stronger billings year over year, as well as an increase in deferred contract costs due to higher commission plan achievement as a result of the improved billings. These uses of cash were offset by an increase in deferred revenue driven by the increased billings year over year and an increase in accrued compensation and other accruals.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash flows utilized by operating activities of $38.8 million consisted of a net loss of $36.3 million adjusted for non-cash expenses, net of $8.6 million and unfavorable changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of $11.2 million. The primary reason for the net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 was due to the District Court awarding Oracle $58.2 million for attorneys’ fees and $0.3 million in costs on September 23, 2024. In addition, we incurred interest expense of $0.2 million associated with the Oracle award during the three months ended December 31, 2024. We paid $58.5 million to Oracle in October 2024 and then later paid interest of $0.2 million in November 2024. These payments had a significant impact on our operating cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024, resulting in us utilizing operating funds for the year ended December 31, 2024.
For further information regarding our legal matters, please see Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report for a discussion of developments in our litigation with Oracle.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2025, cash flows used in investing activities of $4.6 million were driven by capital expenditures for leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and computer supplies as we continued to invest in our business infrastructure and geographic locations, primarily in Korea and Brazil.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash provided by investing activities of $6.4 million consisted of proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments offset by investment purchases and capital expenditures.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2025, cash used in financing activities of $26.6 million was attributable to principal payments related to our 2024 Credit Facility, payments to repurchase shares of Common Stock and finance lease payments offset, in part, by proceeds from stock options exercises.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash provided by financing activities of $14.0 million was attributable to receiving proceeds from our 2024 Credit Facility’s revolving line of credit and term loan offset by principal payments on our 2024 Credit Facility and finance lease payments.
Effect of Foreign Currency Translation and Foreign Subsidiaries
The effect of foreign currency translation was favorable for $2.8 million and unfavorable for $8.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the favorable foreign currency impact was related to the local currencies in our foreign subsidiaries strengthening against the U.S. dollar during the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $56.8 million in our foreign subsidiaries.
Our foreign subsidiaries and branches are dependent on our U.S.-based parent company for continued funding. We currently do not intend to repatriate any amounts that have been invested overseas back to the U.S.-based parent. The imposition of the Transition Tax set forth in the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 may reduce or eliminate U.S. federal deferred taxes on the unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. However, we may still be liable for withholding taxes,
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state taxes, or other income taxes that might be incurred upon the repatriation of foreign earnings. We have not made any provision for additional income taxes on undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.
Share Repurchase Program
In 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program, which was extended in 2025 to terminate on June 1, 2029, authorizing us to repurchase up to $50.0 million of our outstanding shares, subject to compliance with our 2024 Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2025, there is $36.7 million available for repurchase. For further information regarding our share repurchase program, please see Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations on an undiscounted basis as of December 31, 2025 and the period in which each contractual obligation is due (in thousands):
| Year Ending December 31: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit Facility: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments term loan | $ | 4,688 | $ | 5,625 | $ | 6,562 | $ | 52,500 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 69,375 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease obligations: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating | 6,608 | 4,350 | 4,041 | 3,003 | 2,209 | 10,995 | 31,206 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase commitments | 4,775 | 1,486 | 1,504 | 1,518 | 1,294 | 2,627 | 13,204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other contracts | 247 | 15 | — | — | — | — | 262 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 16,318 | $ | 11,476 | $ | 12,107 | $ | 57,021 | $ | 3,503 | $ | 13,622 | $ | 114,047 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
On February 4, 2026, the Company made a voluntary prepayment of $5.0 million on the term loan principal balance.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
During the periods presented, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities, which were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as the reported revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. These items are monitored and analyzed for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
With respect to our significant accounting policies that are described in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Report, we believe that the following accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
Income Taxes and Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets
We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Significant judgment is required in determining income tax benefit or expense and in evaluating uncertainties under ASC 740. Deferred taxes are recorded for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Valuation allowances are established when it is determined
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that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company’s deferred tax assets are primarily the result of U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) and tax credit carryforwards.
The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible, prior to the expiration of the tax attributes. The evaluation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns and forecasting future profitability.
We assessed the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize existing deferred tax assets within the applicable expiration period. While we believe that we have utilized a reasonable method to determine our deferred tax assets and the related release of our valuation allowance, should factors and conditions differ materially from those used by us, the actual realization of deferred tax assets could differ materially from the reported amounts.
Loss Contingencies
We are subject to various loss contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If some amount within a range of probable loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, we accrue that amount. Alternatively, when no amount within a range of probable loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the lowest amount in the range. If we determine that a loss is reasonably possible and the range of the loss is estimable, then we disclose the range of the possible loss if the upper end of the range is material. If we cannot estimate the range of loss, we will disclose the reason why it cannot estimate the range of loss, if there is a reasonable possibility that the amount of loss may be material. We regularly evaluate currently available information to determine whether an accrual is required, an accrual should be adjusted and if a range of possible loss should be disclosed.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Please see Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report for information related to new accounting pronouncements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We have foreign currency risks related to our revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, primarily the Australian Dollar, Brazilian Real, British Pound Sterling, Euro, Indian Rupee and Japanese Yen. We generated between 54% and 51% of our revenue from our international business for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Increases in the relative value of the U.S. Dollar to other currencies may negatively affect our revenue, partially offset by a positive impact to operating expenses in other currencies as expressed in U.S. Dollars. We have experienced and will continue to experience fluctuations in our net income (loss) as a result of transaction gains or losses related to revaluing certain current asset and current liability balances, including intercompany receivables and payables, which are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded. While we have not engaged in the hedging of our foreign currency transactions to date, we periodically evaluate the costs and benefits of entering into future hedge transactions for currencies other than the U.S. Dollar.
As of December 31, 2025, the effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would have impacted our income before income taxes by a plus or minus of $1.1 million in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and would have impacted the effect of foreign currency changes on cash by a plus or minus $5.8 million in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Interest Rate Risk
Risk with Respect to Investments
We hold cash and cash equivalents for working capital purposes. We do not have material exposure to market risk with respect to investments, as any investments we enter into are primarily highly liquid investments.
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Variable Rate Debt
In 2024, we refinanced our Original Credit Facility with our 2024 Credit Facility consisting of a $75.0 million term loan and a $35.0 million revolving line of credit. For the term loan, we have a choice of interest rates between (a) SOFR and (b) a Base Rate (as defined in our 2024 Credit Facility), in each case plus an applicable margin.
Accordingly, we are exposed to market risk due to variable interest rates based on SOFR. As of December 31, 2025, we had $69.4 million of outstanding debt under our 2024 Credit Facility term loan and no borrowings under the revolving line of credit. As of this date, a reasonably possible hypothetical adverse change of 100 basis points in SOFR would have resulted in an increase of approximately $0.7 million in annual interest expense. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 and Note 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report for more information related to our 2024 Credit Facility.
Inflation Risk
With regards to inflation risk and other economic conditions, please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors included in Part I of this Report.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | ||||||||
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors
Rimini Street, Inc.:
Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Rimini Street, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of revenue contracts with non-standard provisions
As discussed in Note 2 and Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recognized $421.5 million in revenue which was primarily derived from the subscription-based software support revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025. A significant portion of the Company’s contracts contain non-standard provisions which require judgment to determine the appropriate accounting through the five-step framework prescribed by ASC Topic 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
We identified the evaluation of revenue contracts with non-standard provisions related to subscription-based software support revenue as a critical audit matter. This matter required a higher degree of auditor judgment to assess whether non-standard provisions in contracts and amendments were appropriately evaluated by management.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of an internal control over the Company's subscription-based software support revenue processes that included identifying and evaluating non-standard contract provisions. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over subscriptions-based software support revenue. For a selection of revenue transactions, we developed independent expectations of the revenue recognized based on the provisions in contracts and amendments and compared them to the amounts recorded by the Company.
We also evaluated the overall sufficiency of the audit evidence over revenue by assessing the results of our procedures.
| /s/ KPMG LLP | ||
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2016.
Santa Clara, California
February 19, 2026
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash, current | |||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $ | |||||||||||
| Deferred contract costs, current | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Long-term assets: | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash, noncurrent | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Deferred contract costs, noncurrent | |||||||||||
| Deposits and other | |||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes, net | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued compensation, benefits and commissions | |||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, current | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt, net of current maturities | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, noncurrent | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ deficit: | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost; | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
| Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||
| Reorganization costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Litigation costs and related recoveries: | |||||||||||||||||
| Litigation settlement | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees and other costs of litigation | |||||||||||||||||
| Litigation costs and related recoveries, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivative instrument and other adjustments, net of tax | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit
(In thousands)
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Accumulated Deficit | Treasury Stock | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options for cash | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units vested | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retired shares of Common Stock | ( | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2023 | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units vested | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2024 | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options for cash | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted and performance stock units vested | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retired shares of Common Stock | ( | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
| Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Accretion and amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | |||||||||||||||||
Amortization and accretion related to ROU assets | |||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | |||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||
Other | ( | ||||||||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses, deposits and other | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred contract costs | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and other accruals | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Payment for purchases of short-term investments | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of 2024 Credit Facility’s term loan | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the 2024 Credit Facility’s revolving line of credit | |||||||||||||||||
Principal payments on revolving line of credit borrowings | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments on term loan borrowings | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Payments to repurchase and retire Common Stock | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options | |||||||||||||||||
Principal payments on financing leases | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign currency changes on cash | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued
(In thousands)
| Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | |||||||||||||||||
Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Cash paid for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for withholding taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
Increase in payables for capital expenditures | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 — BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Nature of Business
Rimini Street, Inc. was formed in the State of Nevada in 2005 and, through a merger in 2017 with a public company, became Rimini Street, Inc., a Delaware corporation (referred to as the “Company”, “we” and “us”), trading on the Nasdaq Global Market under the ticker symbol “RMNI”. The Company is a global provider of end-to-end third-party enterprise software support, managed services and Agentic AI ERP innovation solutions. Its products and services offer enterprise software licensees a choice of solutions that replace or supplement the support products offered by enterprise software vendors.
NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements, which include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Liquidity
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s current liabilities exceeded its current assets by $47.0 million. The Company recorded net income of $37.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had available cash and cash equivalents of $120.0 million. As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s current liabilities included $268.7 million of deferred revenue whereby the costs of fulfilling the Company’s commitments to provide services to its customers were approximately 40 % of the related deferred revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025.
On April 30, 2024, the Company amended its $90 million five-year term loan (the “Original Credit Facility”) into a new five-year term loan of $75 million (the 2024 Credit Facility, and together with the Original Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). Annual minimum principal payments over the five-year term for the 2024 Credit Facility are 5 %, 5 %, 7.5 %, 7.5 % and 10 %, respectively, with the remaining balance due at the end of the term. See Note 5 for further information regarding the Company’s 2024 Credit Facility and the Original Credit Facility.
Additionally, the Company is obligated to make operating payments that are due within the next 12 months in the aggregate amount of $6.6 million. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the global economy continued to experience changing interest rates, geopolitical conflicts, global supply chain issues, a rise in energy prices and the continuing effects of fiscal and monetary policies adopted by governments. Assuming the Company’s ability to operate continues not to be significantly adversely impacted by the related changes in the macroeconomic environment, geopolitical pressures, or the litigation matters described in Note 9, the Company believes that current cash, cash equivalents and future cash flow from operating activities and the 2024 Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet the Company’s anticipated cash needs, including 2024 Credit Facility repayments, working capital needs, capital expenditures and other contractual obligations for at least 12 months from the issuance date of these financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in its Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, to determine the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company’s accounting estimates include, but are not necessarily limited to, the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, valuation of the swap agreement, valuation assumptions for stock options, and leases, deferred income taxes and the related valuation allowances, accretion of discounts on debt and the evaluation and measurement of contingencies. To the extent there are material differences between the Company’s estimates and the actual results, the Company’s future consolidated results of operations may be affected.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Risks and Uncertainties
Inherent in the Company’s business are various risks and uncertainties, including its rapidly changing industry. These risks include the Company’s ability to manage its rapid growth and its ability to attract new customers and expand sales to existing customers, risks related to litigation, as well as other risks and uncertainties. In the event that the Company does not successfully execute its business plan, certain assets may not be recoverable, certain liabilities may not be paid and investments in its capital stock may not be recoverable. The Company’s success depends upon the acceptance of its expertise in providing services, development of sales and distribution channels, and its ability to generate significant revenues and cash flows from the use of this expertise.
Generally, credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is diversified due to the number of entities comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across different geographies and industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations on certain customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. The Company maintains reserves for potential bad debts, and historically such losses are generally not significant.
Segments
The Company operates as a single operating segment and discloses segment information in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”). See Note 13 for further information regarding the Company’s segment information.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
All highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less that are freely available for the Company’s immediate and general business use are classified as cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of demand deposits with financial institutions. The current restricted cash consists of demand deposits that are pledged as collateral for corporate credit card debts. The noncurrent restricted cash consists of bank guarantees to support client contracts.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount when an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment exists, such that only the passage of time is required before payment of consideration is due. Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company records a provision for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and a detailed assessment of the collectability of its accounts receivable. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company considers, among other factors, the aging of the accounts receivable, its historical write-offs, the credit worthiness of customers, and general economic conditions. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when the Company believes that it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered. Actual write-offs may either be in excess or less than the estimated allowance.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the following assets:
| Years | ||||||||
| Computer equipment | ||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||||||||
| Capitalized software costs | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | Up to | |||||||
Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Application development costs related to internal use software projects are capitalized and included in property and equipment. Preliminary planning activities and post implementation activities for internal use software projects are expensed as incurred. Construction-in-progress primarily consists of computer equipment and leasehold improvements that have not yet been placed into service for their intended use. Depreciation and amortization commence when assets are initially placed into service for their intended use.
Deferred Contract Costs
Costs incurred to obtain new client contracts and to extend existing client contracts are primarily comprised of sales commissions. Initial sales commissions are generally deferred and amortized over their estimated useful life, which is generally 4 years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration the estimated life cycles for its customers, its technology and other factors. When the expected period of benefit of an asset which would be capitalized is less than one year, the Company expenses the amount as incurred, utilizing the practical expedient. The Company recognized amortization expense related to deferred contract costs of $19.2 million, $19.6 million and $19.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which applies to all tax positions related to income taxes. Under ASC 740, tax benefits are recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the authorities. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to uncertain tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment is recognized only if the carrying amount of the long-lived assets is not recoverable and exceeds their fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if the carrying amounts of such assets exceed the estimates of future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by such assets. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset, or asset group, exceeds its fair value.
Debt Issuance Costs and Discounts
Debt issuance costs are costs incurred to obtain new debt financing or modify existing debt financing and consist of incremental direct costs incurred for professional fees and due diligence services, including reimbursement of similar costs incurred by the lenders. Amounts paid to the lenders when a financing is consummated are a reduction of the proceeds and are treated as a debt
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
discount. Debt issuance costs and discounts are presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt and are accreted to interest expense using the effective interest method.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is primarily derived from support services, and to a lesser extent, software licensing and related maintenance and professional services.
Revenue is recognized when performance obligations, as stipulated in the contracts, are transferred to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those support services and service contracts. This occurs when the contracts are executed by both parties, the rights and obligations of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contracts have commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company’s contracts generally do not contain any refund provisions other than in the event of our non-performance or breach. However, the Company’s contracts may include non-standard terms negotiated with each respective client that may impact the amount and timing of revenue recognized.
The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:
•Identification of the contract with the customer.
•Identification of the performance obligations.
•Determination of the transaction price.
•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations.
•Recognition of revenue when the performance obligations are satisfied.
Most of the Company’s contracts contain a single performance obligation for subscription support services. In a limited number of arrangements, the Company also licenses software and related maintenance services under term-based arrangements or provides professional services. The Company’s performance obligations are evaluated for whether they can be distinct or should be accounted for as one performance obligation and primarily consist of (i) subscription support services or (ii) professional services sold on a time and materials basis.
The transaction price is generally the same as the contractual price. Typically, the structure of our arrangements does not give rise to variable consideration. However, in those instances where variable consideration should exist, the Company includes in its estimates, additional revenue for variable consideration when it has an enforceable right, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable.
Subscription Services
The Company’s subscription support services are part of a comprehensive support program that helps clients keep their software and systems running smoothly and in full legal compliance. Subscription support services include product support (fixes and installation support), security, advanced support (performance tuning and interoperability), strategic roadmap services (upgrade process), global tax, legal and regulatory services, global security, proactive support services, strategic roadmap services, device and user interface support and account management services. Subscription contracts are generally non-cancelable and do not contain general rights of return. The Company’s support subscription is viewed as a stand-ready performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct services that is satisfied ratably over time as the services are provided. A time-elapsed output method is used to measure progress as the Company’s efforts are expended evenly throughout the period given the nature of the promise is a stand-ready service.
Other Services
Other services include both software licensing services and professional services. The Company’s software licensing includes both internally developed software licenses as well as third-party licenses. The Company’s professional services consist of various consulting services, which include project oversight, minor software customization or enhancement, and testing of client-developed software customization. Services may be provided solely by the Company, by a partner of the Company, or in
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
combination with the Company's partners. The Company’s professional services are generally provided under a separate statement of work from our subscription support services. Revenue is recognized as services are performed.
Revenues generally include any taxes withheld by foreign customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities in those foreign jurisdictions. Foreign withholding taxes included in revenues amounted to $3.3 million, $5.4 million and $4.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The Company typically invoices its customers before the start of the support period, in annual and multi-year installments. When revenue recognized on a contract exceeds billings, the Company records a contract asset. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, contract assets amounted to $1.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, and are included in prepaid expenses and other on the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue is a contract liability that consists of billings issued that are non-cancellable in advance of revenue recognition. Deferred revenue is recognized as the Company satisfies its performance obligations over the term of the contracted service period.
The Company’s remaining performance obligations represent all future non-cancellable revenue under contract that has not yet been recognized as revenue, and includes deferred revenue and unbilled amounts. As of December 31, 2025, remaining performance obligations amounted to $652.9 million, of which $287.5 million was billed and recorded as deferred revenue. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately $268.7 million of the billed remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the remaining deferred revenue balance recognized thereafter.
Advertising
Advertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense in the period incurred. Advertising expenses were $0.3 million, $1.7 million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, digital and social advertising spend was $2.4 million, $2.6 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Legal Costs
Legal fees and costs are charged to general and administrative expense as incurred, other than legal fees and costs that are accounted for as deferred offering costs and debt issuance costs.
Loss Contingencies
The Company is subject to various loss contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If some amount within a range of probable loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the Company accrues that amount. Alternatively, when no amount within a range of probable loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the lowest amount in the range. If the Company determines that a loss is reasonably possible and the range of the loss is estimable, then the Company discloses the range of the possible loss if the upper end of the range is material. If the Company cannot estimate the range of loss, it will disclose the reason why it cannot estimate the range of loss, if there is a reasonable possibility that the amount of loss may be material. The Company regularly evaluates current information available to it to determine whether an accrual is required, an accrual should be adjusted and if a range of possible loss should be disclosed.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company measures the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for all equity awards granted, based on the fair market value of the award as of the grant date. The Company computes the fair value of options using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“BSM”) option pricing model. The Company recognizes the cost of the equity awards over the period that services are provided to earn the award, usually the vesting period. For restricted stock units (“RSUs”), including performance units (“PSUs”) subject to performance conditions, the fair value of these awards is equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The PSU fair value is subject to the performance measures for those awards based on the level of achievement. Stock-based compensation cost is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period as if the award was, in substance, a single award. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized based on awards ultimately expected to vest whereby estimates of forfeitures are based upon historical experience.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Foreign Currency
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar, while the functional currencies of its foreign subsidiaries are their respective local currencies. The asset and liability accounts of the foreign subsidiaries are translated from their local currencies at the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of the subsidiary balance sheets are recorded net of tax as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The tax effect has not been material to date.
Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The following accounting standards were adopted during the fiscal year 2025:
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The guidance requires disaggregating income tax disclosures relating to the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, though early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance prospectively for the year ending December 31, 2025. See Note 8 for further information regarding the Company’s income taxes.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses," and in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date." ASU 2024-03 requires additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement as well as disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented in the income statement. ASU 2024-03, as clarified by ASU 2025-01, is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 on a prospective basis. Both early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of these standards on the financial statement disclosures.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets.” ASU 2025-05 provides entities with a practical expedient to simplify the estimation of expected credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise from transactions accounted for under ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” by allowing the assumption that current conditions as of the balance sheet date will not change during the remaining life of the asset. ASU 2025-05 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software.” ASU 2025-06 modernizes the accounting for internal-use software by removing the stage-based model and introducing a principles-based framework for capitalization. ASU 2025-06 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements.” ASU 2025-09 provides targeted improvements to more closely align hedge accounting with the economics of an entity’s risk management activities. ASU 2025-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.
The Company believes that no other recently issued accounting standards will have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTE 3 — LEASES
Operating Leases
The Company has operating leases for real estate and equipment with an option to renew the leases in the range of one month to five years . Some of the leases include the option to terminate the leases upon a specified notice period with a penalty. The Company’s leases have various remaining lease terms ranging from 2 months to 9.3 years. The Company’s lease agreements may include renewal or termination options for varying periods that are generally at the Company’s discretion. The Company’s lease terms only include those periods related to renewal options the Company believes are reasonably certain to exercise. The Company generally does not include these renewal options as it is not reasonably certain to renew at the lease commencement date. This determination is based on consideration of certain economic, strategic and other factors that the Company evaluates at lease commencement date and reevaluates throughout the lease term. Some leases also include options to terminate the leases and the Company only includes those periods beyond the termination date if it is reasonably certain not to exercise the termination option.
The Company uses a discount rate to calculate the ROU asset and lease liability. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.
Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage or may vary for other reasons, such as payments for insurance and tax payments. The variable portion of lease payments is not included in the Company’s ROU assets or lease liabilities. Rather, variable payments, other than those dependent upon an index or rate, are expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred and are included in lease expenses recorded in selling and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company has lease agreements with both lease and non-lease components that are treated as a single lease component for all underlying asset classes. Accordingly, all expenses associated with a lease contract are accounted for as lease expenses.
The Company has elected to apply the short-term lease exception for all underlying asset classes. That is, leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the balance sheet, but rather expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s leases do not include significant restrictions or covenants, and residual value guarantees are generally not included within its operating leases.
The components of operating lease expense and supplemental balance sheet information for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating lease expense related to ROU assets and liabilities | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Other lease expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Total lease expense | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Other information related to leases as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands):
| Supplemental Balance Sheet Information | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, noncurrent | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent | |||||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
The increase in ROU assets and liabilities year over year was driven primarily by new operating leases in India and Malaysia, which contributed $14.5 million and $1.0 million to the ROU asset balance as of December 31, 2025, respectively, and $14.1 million and $1.2 million to the ROU liability balance as of December 31, 2025, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company did not have any additional material operating leases that have not yet commenced.
| Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term | Years | ||||||||||
| Operating Leases | |||||||||||
| Weighted Average Discount Rate | |||||||||||
| Operating Leases | % | ||||||||||
Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):
| Years Ending December 31: | ||||||||
| 2026 | $ | |||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||
| 2030 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total future undiscounted lease payments | ||||||||
| Less imputed interest | ( | |||||||
| Total | $ | |||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid $6.1 million and $5.7 million, respectively, for operating leases.
Finance Leases
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 4 — OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were as follows (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash, current | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash, noncurrent | |||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | |||||||||
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts is set forth below for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Allowance, beginning of year | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Provisions | |||||||||||||||||
| Write offs, net of recoveries | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Allowance, end of year | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025 was driven by specific uncollectible balances related to a small number of clients.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Foreign tax refunds receivable | |||||||||||
| Contract assets | |||||||||||
| Deposits | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Property and Equipment
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Computer equipment | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | |||||||||||
| Capitalized software costs | |||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | |||||||||||
| Construction-in-progress | |||||||||||
| Total property and equipment | |||||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Depreciation expense was $3.9 million, $3.6 million and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Deferred Contract Costs
Activity for deferred contract costs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Deferred contract costs, current and noncurrent as of the beginning of the period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Capitalized commissions during the period | |||||||||||
| Amortized deferred contract costs during the period | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred contract costs, current and noncurrent, as of the end of the period | $ | $ | |||||||||
Other Accrued Liabilities, including Accrued Reorganization Costs
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, other accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Accrued sales and other taxes | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued professional fees | |||||||||||
| Accrued reorganization costs | |||||||||||
| Income taxes payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued litigation costs | |||||||||||
| Other accrued expenses | |||||||||||
| Total other accrued liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
The reorganization activity was primarily comprised of severance costs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, consisted of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Accrued reorganization costs, as of the beginning of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash payments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Foreign currency impact | ( | ||||||||||
| Accrued reorganization costs, as of the end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
Deferred Revenue
Activity for deferred revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent, as of the beginning of the period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Billings, net | |||||||||||
| Revenue recognized | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent, as of the end of the period | $ | $ | |||||||||
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Other Income, Net
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, other income, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency loss | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Other expenses | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Total other income, net | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
NOTE 5 — DEBT
Debt is presented net of debt discounts and issuance costs on the Company’s balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Term loan | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Revolving line of credit | |||||||||||
| Less current maturities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Long-term debt, net of current maturities | $ | $ | |||||||||
On April 30, 2024, the Company refinanced its Original Credit Facility, which had an outstanding principal balance of $70.9 million, with the 2024 Credit Facility, a new five-year senior secured credit facility consisting of a $75.0 million term loan and a $35.0 million revolving line of credit.
Cash proceeds and payment activity relating to the 2024 Credit Facility and the Original Credit Facility consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of 2024 Credit Facility’s term loan | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the 2024 Credit Facility’s revolving line of credit | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments on the term loan | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments on the revolving line of credit | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
On February 4, 2026, the Company made a voluntary prepayment of $5.0 million on the term loan principal balance.
For the term loan, the Company has a choice of interest rates between (a) the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and (b) a Base Rate (as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility), in each case plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is based on the Company’s Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility) and whether the Company elects SOFR (ranging from 2.75 % to 3.5 %) or Base Rate (ranging from 1.75 % to 2.5 %). Annual minimum principal payments over the five-year term for the 2024 Credit Facility are 5 %, 5 %, 7.5 %, 7.5 %, and 10 %, respectively, with the remaining balance due at the end of the term.
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the effective interest rate under the term loans for both the 2024 Credit Facility and the Original Credit Facility was 8.0 %, 8.8 % and 8.2 %, respectively.
For the revolving line of credit, the Company has a choice of interest rates between (a) the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and (b) a Base Rate (as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility), in each case plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is based on the Company’s Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility) and whether the Company elects SOFR (ranging from 2.75 % to 3.5 %) or Base Rate (ranging from 1.75 % to 2.5 %). The revolving line of credit
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
bears interest on the unused portion of the credit line at rates of 25 to 40 basis points, depending on the Company’s Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio.
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the average interest rate under the revolving line of credit under the 2024 Credit Facility was 7.1 % and 7.5 %, respectively.
The refinancing was accounted for as a debt modification under ASC 470-50 as the terms of the 2024 Credit Facility were not substantially different than the terms of the Original Credit Facility. Under debt modification accounting, third-party costs are expensed as incurred. During the year ended December 30, 2024, the Company expensed $0.2 million in third-party transaction costs in connection with the modification. Fees paid to the creditor of $1.1 million were included with the remaining unamortized discount from the Original Credit Facility and are being amortized as an adjustment to interest expense over the remaining term of the 2024 Credit Facility.
Pursuant to a Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated April 30, 2024, among the Credit Parties (as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility) and Capital One, National Association, as agent (the “2024 Guaranty and Security Agreement”), the obligations under the 2024 Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries and are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and exceptions, by a lien on substantially all assets of the Credit Parties.
The 2024 Credit Facility contains certain financial covenants, including a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio greater than 1.25 , a total leverage ratio less than 3.75 , and a minimum liquidity balance of at least $20 million in U.S. cash.
In February 2023, the Company amended its Original Credit Facility. The amendment implemented, among other things, certain changes in the reference rate from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to SOFR.
The fair value of the term loan under the 2024 Credit Facility was $69.5 million (Level 2 inputs) as of December 31, 2025 compared to the carrying value of $67.2 million as of December 31, 2025. The fair value of the term loan under the Original Credit Facility was $73.9 million (Level 2 inputs) as of December 31, 2024 compared to the carrying value of $70.3 million as of December 31, 2024.
Effective April 30, 2024, the Company’s interest rate swap agreement was amended in connection with the 2024 Credit Facility to match the new five-year term. The new interest rate swap agreement has a notional value of $40.0 million, with a fixed payer SOFR rate of 3.71 % and an initial floating SOFR rate of 5.32 %. The floating rate is reset at each month end and the term of the interest rate swap agreement coincides with that of the 2024 Credit Facility. See Note 12 for further information regarding the fair value accounting for the interest rate swap agreement. The modification of the interest rate swap agreement did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Under the 2024 Credit Facility, the Company has $35.0 million in available borrowings under the revolving line of credit as of December 31, 2025.
Interest Expense
The components of interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are presented below (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Credit Facilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense under term loan | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Accretion expense related to discount and issuance costs under the term loan | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense under revolving line of credit | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest for other items | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 6 — CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 preferred shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share in one or more series. The Company’s board of directors is authorized to establish the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, special rights, and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series. The Board of Directors previously authorized the issuance of up to 180,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. All shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were redeemed as of July 20, 2021.
Common Stock
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company is authorized to issue up to 1,000,000,000 0.0001 one
Common Stock Repurchased
On May 28, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized an increase to the Company’s previously announced Common Stock repurchase program to increase the value of the shares that could be acquired by the Company from up to $15.0 million over two years to up to $50.0 million over the next four years , subject to compliance with the Company’s Original Credit Facility, provided that all other applicable conditions and legal requirements are satisfied. On September 29, 2025, the Board of Directors authorized an extension to the common stock repurchase program termination date from June 1, 2026 to June 1, 2029, subject to compliance with the Company’s 2024 Credit Facility, provided that all other applicable conditions and legal requirements are satisfied.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company acquired an aggregate 1.9 million shares of Common Stock on the open market at a total cost of $7.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not acquire any shares of Company Stock. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired an aggregate 0.2 million shares of Common Stock on the open market at a total cost of $1.0 million. Upon completion of all repurchase transactions, the associated shares of Common Stock were retired. As of December 31, 2025, there is $36.7 million of the Board of Directors’ $50.0 million authorization available for repurchase.
NOTE 7 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS
Overview of Equity Incentive Plans
In October 2013, the Company established the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated in July 2017 (the “2013 Plan”) that provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance units (“PSUs”). As of December 31, 2025, the Company had stock options of approximately 9.4 million shares, RSUs of approximately 3.9 million shares and PSUs of 1.0 million shares outstanding under the 2013 Plan. As of December 31, 2025, there are approximately 7.7 million shares available for future grants. The 2013 Plan will expire on July 31, 2027.
The 2013 Plan provides for stock options to be granted to employees and directors at an exercise price not less than 100 % of the fair value at the grant date. The options granted generally have a maximum term of 10 years from grant date and are exercisable upon vesting. Option granted to employees generally vest as to one-third of the shares subject to the award on each anniversary of the designated vesting commencement date, which may precede the grant date of such award. Options granted to directors generally vest for all of the shares one year after the grant date.
On the first day of each fiscal year beginning in 2018, the 2013 Plan provides that the number of authorized shares available for issuance will increase in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 4.8 million shares, (ii) 4 % of the outstanding shares of all classes of the Company’s Common Stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or (iii) such other amount as the Company’s Board of Directors may determine. The Board of Directors approved an increase in the authorized shares of 3.7 million shares on February 12, 2026.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Stock Options
The following table sets forth the summary of stock option activity under the Company’s Stock Plans for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, (shares in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Price (1) | Term (2) | Shares | Price (1) | Term (2) | Shares | Price (1) | Term (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, beginning of year | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, end of year (3)(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested, end of year (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
____________________
(1)Represents the weighted average exercise price.
(2)Represents the weighted average remaining contractual term until the stock options expire.
(3)As of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding was $4.4 million, $0.2 million, and $0.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate intrinsic value of vested stock options was $1.5 million, $2 thousand and $5 thousand, respectively.
(4)The number of outstanding stock options that are not expected to ultimately vest due to forfeiture amounted to 0.4 million shares as of December 31, 2025.
The following table presents the total number of shares available for grant under the 2013 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Available, beginning of year | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock options granted | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| RSUs and PSUs granted | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Expired options under Stock Plans | |||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited options under Stock Plans | |||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited RSUs and PSUs under Stock Plans | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Newly authorized by Board of Directors | |||||||||||||||||
| Available, end of year | |||||||||||||||||
Fair Value of Stock Options
The fair value of each stock option grant under the Stock Plans was estimated on the date of grant using the BSM option-pricing model, with the following weighted-average assumptions for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Expected life (in years) | |||||||||||||||||
| Volatility | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
| Dividend yield | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The BSM model requires various highly subjective assumptions that represent management’s best estimates of the fair value of the Company’s Common Stock, volatility, risk-free interest rates, expected term, and dividend yield. The Common Stock option value is based on the Company’s closing market price on the date of grant.
The expected term represents the weighted-average period that options granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules. Since the Company does not have an extended history of actual exercises, the Company has estimated the expected term using a simplified method which calculates the expected term as the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the awards. The Company has never declared or paid cash dividends on Common Stock and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future; therefore, the Company used an expected dividend yield of zero . The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury rates in effect during the expected term of the grant. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of publicly-traded peer companies.
The weighted-average grant date fair value per share of employee options granted for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $2.33 , $1.66 and $2.30 , respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost, net of forfeitures, related to unvested stock options was $4.9 million, $5.7 million and $4.6 million, respectively. The remaining unrecognized costs are expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.73 years.
Restricted Stock Units
For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Board of Directors granted RSUs under the 2013 Plan for an aggregate of approximately 1.4 million shares of Common Stock to non-employee members of the Board of Directors, officers and employees of the Company. These RSUs vest over periods ranging from 12 to 36 months from the respective grant dates and the awards are subject to forfeiture upon termination of employment or service on the Board of Directors. Based on the weighted average fair market value of the Common Stock of $3.64 per share on the date of grant, the aggregate fair value for the shares underlying the RSUs amounted to $5.1 million as of the grant date that is being recognized as compensation cost over the vesting period. Accordingly, compensation expense of $6.1 million, $5.1 million and $7.4 million was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The unrecognized expense of $7.9 million, net of forfeitures, is expected to be charged to expense on a straight-line basis as the RSUs vest over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.67 years.
Performance Stock Units
Under the 2025 LTI Plan, the Company granted 0.6 million PSUs on March 4, 2025, with a fair market value of $3.48 . PSUs were measured over a performance period beginning on January 1, 2025 and ending on December 31, 2025 (the “Performance Period”), but will remain subject to a continued service-based vesting requirement. Half of the PSUs awarded are eligible to vest based on the Company’s achievement against a target adjusted EBITDA goal for fiscal year 2025, and the remaining half of the PSUs awarded will be eligible to vest based on the Company’s achievement against a target total revenue goal for fiscal year 2025. The ultimate number of PSUs that may vest (as calculated, the “Earned PSUs”) range from zero to 200 % of the granted PSUs.
Under the 2024 Long-Term Incentive Plan, the Company granted 0.8 million PSUs on May 6, 2024, with a fair market value of $2.47 at the time of grant. The Earned PSUs under the May 6, 2024 grant were earned at 28 %. Under the terms of the 2024 LTI Plan, the Earned PSUs will vest in equal annual installments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the Date of Grant, generally subject to the awardee continuing to be a Service Provider through the applicable vesting date.
Under the 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan, the Company granted 0.6 million PSUs on April 3, 2023, with a fair market value of $3.93 at the time of the grant. The Earned PSUs under the April 3, 2023 grant were earned at 151 % which resulted in an additional 0.3 million PSUs being earned. Under the terms of the 2023 LTI Plan, the Earned PSUs vest in equal annual installments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the Date of Grant, generally subject to the awardee continuing to be a Service Provider through the applicable vesting date.
The Company recognized compensation expense related to PSUs of $1.2 million, $1.5 million and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, the unrecognized expense of $0.7 million,
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
net of forfeitures, is expected to be charged to expense on a graded basis as the PSUs vest over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.52 years.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The aggregate stock-based compensation expense for stock options, RSUs and PSUs for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is classified as follows (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on June 7, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the Rimini Street, Inc. 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP provides for the purchase by employees of up to an aggregate of 5.0 million shares of Common Stock. The purchase price per share at which shares are sold in an offering period under the ESPP will be equal to the lesser of 85 % of the fair market value of the shares (i) on the first trading day of the offering period, or (ii) on the purchase date (i.e., the last trading day of the offering period). Offering periods will consist of two six-month periods generally commencing twice each calendar year. The purpose of the ESPP is to provide an opportunity for eligible employees of the Company to purchase shares of the Company at a discount through voluntary contributions from such employees’ eligible pay, thereby attracting, retaining and rewarding such persons and strengthening the mutuality of interest between such employees and the Company’s stockholders. Through December 31, 2025, no offering period under the ESPP had commenced and no shares of Common Stock have been issued under the ESPP. As of the date of this Report, there are no plans to commence offering periods under the ESPP.
Outstanding Warrants
As of December 31, 2025, warrants were outstanding for an aggregate of 3.4 million shares of Common Stock and were exercisable at $5.64 per share. The Company’s remaining outstanding warrants are currently exercisable. The exercise price and number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. A summary of the terms of outstanding warrants and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise, is presented below as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Issuance Date | Expiration Date | Exercise Price | Number of Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants | October 2017 | June 2026 | (1) | $ | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_____________________
(1)The expiration date for the Warrants is the earlier to occur of the stated expiration date or the date when the Company experiences a change of control.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 8 — INCOME TAXES
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, income (loss) before income taxes was as follows (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Domestic | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| International | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Current income tax expense: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| State | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Total current income tax expense | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax (expense) benefit: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| State | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deferred income tax (expense) benefit | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Total (provision) benefit for income taxes | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||
The Company has elected to prospectively adopt the guidance in ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” In accordance with the guidance in ASU 2023-09, the reconciliation between the income tax expense computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the pre-tax income before income taxes and total income tax expense recognized in the financial statements was as follows for the year ended December 31, 2025 (dollars in thousands):
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| 2025 | |||||||||||
| Amount | Percent | ||||||||||
| U.S. Federal Statutory Tax Rate | $ | ( | % | ||||||||
State and Local Income Taxes, Net of Federal Income Tax Effect1 | ( | % | |||||||||
| Foreign Tax Effects | |||||||||||
| Korea | |||||||||||
| Withholding taxes | ( | % | |||||||||
| Other | ( | % | |||||||||
| Taiwan | |||||||||||
| Withholding taxes | ( | % | |||||||||
| Other | — | % | |||||||||
| Other foreign jurisdictions | ( | % | |||||||||
| Effect of Cross-Border Tax Laws | |||||||||||
| Foreign WHT | ( | % | |||||||||
| Changes in Valuation Allowances | ( | % | |||||||||
| Nontaxable or Nondeductible Items | |||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | ( | % | |||||||||
| Other | ( | % | |||||||||
| Other Adjustments | ( | % | |||||||||
| Total income tax expense and effective tax rate | $ | ( | % | ||||||||
1 California, Georgia, Illinois, New York, Texas and Wisconsin make up the majority of the state tax expense.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09, the reconciliation between the income tax benefit (expense) computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the pre-tax (loss) income before income taxes and total income taxes recognized in the financial statements was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Income tax (expense) benefit at statutory U.S. federal rate | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Income tax benefit attributable to U.S. states, net | |||||||||||
| Permanent differences: | |||||||||||
| Non-deductible expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other | ( | ||||||||||
| Global intangible low taxed income | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Foreign rate differential and foreign tax credits | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Foreign withholding taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other | ( | ||||||||||
| Decrease in valuation allowance | |||||||||||
| Total income tax (expense) benefit | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
The difference between the federal statutory tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate is primarily driven by foreign withholding taxes. The Company has been exploring opportunities to reduce withholding taxes such that its effective tax rate may decrease in future periods. After full utilization of net operating losses, the benefit of foreign tax and other credits would further reduce the Company’s effective tax rate.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In July 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted, extending several key provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Among its updates are provisions that allow for the immediate expensing of qualifying research and development expenses and certain capital expenditures. The impacts of OBBBA are reflected in the results for the year ended December 31, 2025, and there was no material impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Deferred income tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Tax credit carryforwards | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Foreign deferred assets | |||||||||||
| Business interest carryforwards | |||||||||||
| Gross deferred income tax assets | |||||||||||
| Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net deferred income tax assets | |||||||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Deferred contract costs | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the change in the valuation allowance was a net decrease of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on management’s analysis of all available positive and negative evidence, the Company has determined that a valuation allowance is not required to be recorded on its federal and state deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company has federal net operating tax loss carryforwards of approximately $125.4 million and varying amounts of U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards, totaling $123.3 million, that begin to expire in 2036 and 2026, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has federal foreign tax credits carryforwards of $0.1 million expiring beginning in 2026.
The Company considers any undistributed foreign subsidiaries’ earnings to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no related provision for U.S. federal or state income taxes has been provided. Upon distribution of the foreign earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the company could be subject to both U.S. income taxes subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits and withholding taxes in the various countries. As of December 31, 2025, the cumulative amount of unremitted earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries was approximately $65.7 million. The unrecognized deferred tax liability for these earnings was approximately $5.0 million, consisting primarily of foreign withholding taxes.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, the State of California and various other state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s federal and state tax years for 2015 and 2010, respectively, and forward are subject to examination by taxing authorities, due to unutilized net operating losses. All foreign jurisdictions tax years are also subject to examination. The Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits to date.
Income Taxes Paid
The following table presents income taxes paid, net of refunds received, for the year ended December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
| 2025 | |||||
| U.S. Federal | $ | ||||
| U.S. State | |||||
| Foreign: | |||||
| Korea | |||||
| India | |||||
| Japan | |||||
| Australia | |||||
| Israel | |||||
| UK | |||||
| Taiwan | ( | ||||
| Other | |||||
| Total income taxes paid, net | $ | ||||
Income taxes paid, net of refunds received, were $8.8 million and $9.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
NOTE 9 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Purchase Commitments
The Company’s purchase commitments as of December 31, 2025 are primarily related to agreements to purchase services in the ordinary course of business.
Total future purchase commitments as of December 31, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):
| Years Ending December 31: | Commitments | |||||||
| 2026 | $ | |||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||
| 2030 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total | $ | |||||||
Retirement Plan
The Company has defined contribution plans for both its U.S. and foreign employees. For certain of these plans, employees may contribute up to the statutory maximum, which is set by law each year. The plans also provide for employer contributions.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company’s matching contribution to these plans totaled $3.5 million, $3.5 million and $3.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Litigation with Oracle; July 2025 Rimini II Settlement Agreement and Subsequent Stay of Rimini II Litigation
Oracle Litigation Background
Over the past fifteen years, the Company and certain affiliates of Oracle Corporation (together with its subsidiaries individually and collectively “Oracle”) have been parties in two different U.S. Federal court cases, referred to as “Rimini I” and “Rimini II.” The Company’s litigation with Oracle has been primarily related to the manner in which it provided certain support services to a subset of its clients that are licensees to Oracle’s enterprise software, certain Company actions involving Oracle copyright notices, and certain Company public statements. In January 2018, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals (the “Ninth Circuit”) held that the Company offered third-party support in lawful competition with Oracle’s direct maintenance services.
Rimini I
In January 2010, Oracle commenced litigation against the Company in the District Court for the District of Nevada (the “District Court”), Oracle USA, Inc. v. Rimini, No. 2:10-cv-00106 (D. Nev.) (“Rimini I”). The litigation has run its course through trial and appeals, and there are no current litigation activities. A permanent injunction was entered by the District Court in 2018 (“Rimini I Injunction”) and remains in effect, defining the manner in which the Company can provide support services for certain Oracle product lines (but not prohibiting Company support of any Oracle products).
Rimini II
In October 2014, the Company commenced litigation against Oracle in Rimini II, and Oracle brought counterclaims against the Company and its President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Mr. Seth Ravin. Following trial in 2022 and a merits appeal to and ruling by the Ninth Circuit, the Rimini II matter was remanded to the District Court to resolve Oracle’s claims related solely to the manner in which the Company provided certain support services to a subset of the Company’s Oracle PeopleSoft clients and – in light of the judgment reversals made in favor of the Company by the Ninth Circuit, which included vacating the underlying copyright infringement judgment – resolve the disposition of approximately $58.7 million in attorneys’ fees and costs, including post-judgment interest of approximately $0.2 million, paid by the Company to Oracle in late 2024.
On April 24, 2025, the District Court issued a permanent injunction (the “Rimini II Injunction”) requiring the Company to comply with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and to refrain from making four statements – none of which are part of the Company’s current marketing.
Oracle PeopleSoft Services Wind Down
In July 2024, the Company announced during its fiscal second quarter earnings call that it had unilaterally decided to wind down its offering of support and services for Oracle PeopleSoft software, and the Company repeated this announcement during subsequent earnings calls held in October 2024 and May 2025. At the time of the Company’s announcement on July 31, 2024, the annual revenue associated with the Company’s provision of services for Oracle’s PeopleSoft products was approximately $30 million.
The percentage of revenue derived from services the Company provides solely for Oracle’s PeopleSoft software product was approximately 5 %, 8 % and 8 % of the Company’s total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The Rimini II Settlement Agreement
On July 7, 2025 (the “Effective Date”), the Company and Mr. Ravin entered into a confidential Settlement Agreement with Oracle (all signatories, collectively, the “Parties”). If all Parties complete their agreed upon responsibilities, the Settlement Agreement will allow for the final resolution and ultimate dismissal of Case Number 2:14-cv-01699-MMD-DJA (“Rimini II”). The Parties entered into the Settlement Agreement to provide a full, final, complete and global settlement of the subject matter of the Rimini II case.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
On July 9, 2025, in accordance with the terms of the Settlement Agreement, the Company received from Oracle approximately $37.9 million of the approximately $58.7 million in attorneys’ fees and costs the Company paid to Oracle in late 2024, which the Company agreed would satisfy all Oracle repayment obligations implemented by the District Court’s Order on Fees on Remand dated June 2, 2025 and a related order dated June 23, 2025, which required Oracle to reconvey the money it received from the Company within fifteen days of the date of the June 23, 2025 order.
As of July 18, 2025, the Rimini II litigation has been stayed by the District Court.
In addition to the above, the Settlement Agreement provides, in part:
•No Parties admit any liability or wrongdoing.
•If, among other obligations, the Company (a) completes its previously announced Wind Down of its provision of support and services for Oracle’s PeopleSoft software no later than by the end of the Wind Down Period (July 31, 2028), (b) notifies all existing customers for which it supplies such support and services of the Wind Down, (c) provides required quarterly Wind Down progress reports to Oracle with certain agreed-upon information and (d) signs a declaration, under penalty of perjury, affirming that the Wind Down is complete and issues a public statement as to the same, which statement can be in the form of a filing made with the SEC, then, within 14 days after the Company certifies to Oracle that the Wind Down has been completed, the Parties will jointly file a stipulation with the District Court to dismiss the Rimini II litigation with prejudice.
•During the Wind Down Period, the Parties covenant and agree not to make, initiate, join, take action in connection with, or assert any claim, action, litigation or proceeding of any kind, known or unknown, anywhere in the world against each other during the Wind Down Period based on any claim for conduct at issue in the Rimini I or Rimini II cases that accrued either (i) before the end of the Wind Down Period, if related to PeopleSoft products, or (ii) before the Settlement Agreement Effective Date, if related to any other Oracle product or service (such agreement and covenant, the “Litigation Standstill”), including any new lawsuits, contempt proceedings, actions to enforce the Rimini I Injunction or the Rimini II Injunction, or for discovery. In the event of a breach by any Party that remains uncured after the cure period and leads to the termination of the Settlement Agreement, Oracle may ask the District Court to lift the Litigation Standstill.
•The Rimini I Injunction and the Rimini II Injunction shall remain in effect, and the District Court will retain jurisdiction to enforce them.
The Settlement Agreement also contains customary representations, warranties and covenants. The above descriptions of the litigation with Oracle and the Settlement Agreement do not purport to be complete. Please refer to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 9, 2025 and the redacted copy of the Settlement Agreement filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Report for additional information.
The Company reserves all rights, including appellate rights, with respect to the matters described above. For a description of potential risks relating to the Settlement Agreement, please refer to Part II, Item 1A of this Report (Risk Factors).
For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized the loss recovery as litigation settlement income of approximately $36.2 million and interest income of approximately $1.7 million.
Other Litigation
From time to time, the Company may be a party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of judgment, defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. At each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under ASC 450, Contingencies. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Liquidated Damages
The Company enters into agreements with customers that contain provisions related to liquidated damages that would be triggered in the event that the Company is no longer able to provide services to these customers. The maximum cash payments related to these liquidated damages are approximately $8.2 million and $7.2 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. To date, the Company has not incurred any costs as a result of such provisions and has not accrued any liabilities related to such provisions in these Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTE 10 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
An affiliate of Adams Street Partners and its affiliates (collectively referred to as “ASP”) is a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2025, ASP owned approximately 25.7 % of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock.
NOTE 11 — EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) per share of Common Stock for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Basic weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect: | |||||||||||||||||
| Warrants | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock options | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance share units | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share attributable to Common Stock - basic | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share attributable to Common Stock - diluted | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the following potential Common Stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share since the impact of inclusion was anti-dilutive (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Warrants | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock options | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance stock units | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||
NOTE 12 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. When determining fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it transacts and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair measurement:
Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date
Level 2—Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset and liability, either directly or indirectly through market collaboration, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability
Level 3—Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.
The Company’s policy is to recognize asset or liability transfers among Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 as of the actual date of the events or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no transfers of its assets or liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2025, the Company did not
The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair values due to their short-term maturities. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms, the carrying value of capital lease obligations approximates fair value as of the respective balance sheet dates.
Investments
All of the Company’s investments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are classified as cash equivalents. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company transferred its investments in U.S. Federal agency bonds and U.S. treasury notes into other highly liquid interest-earning investments with maturities of less than three months. The fair values of these investments approximate their carrying values and are considered Level 1 assets.
The Company considers all highly liquid interest-earning investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. In general, investments with original maturities of greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments. Debt investments are classified as available-for-sale and gains and losses are recorded using the specific identification method. Changes in fair value are recorded in the operating statement. Fair value is calculated based on publicly available market information.
Derivatives
The Company uses derivatives to manage the risk associated with changes in interest rates. The Company does not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes. As discussed in Note 5, the interest rate swap has a notational value of $40.0 million, with a fixed payer SOFR rate of 3.71 % and an initial floating SOFR rate of 5.32 %. The derivative was recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at its estimated fair value as of December 31, 2025.
To estimate fair value for the Company’s interest rate swap agreement as of December 31, 2025, the Company utilized a present value of future cash flows, leveraging a model-derived valuation that uses Level 2 observable inputs such as interest rate yield curves. The Company estimated the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement to be a liability of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2025.
Changes in the fair value of the derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets until earnings are affected by the variability of the cash flows.
During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company received interest rate swap payments of $0.2 million, $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively, which were recorded as a reduction to interest expense.
The amounts recorded for the interest rate swap agreement are described below (in thousands):
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Derivative Instrument | Balance Sheet Classification | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap | Deposits and other | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| For the years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative Instrument | Income Statement Classification | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap | Interest expense (benefit) | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
NOTE 13 — SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Segment Information
The Company derives revenues from clients primarily by providing subscription support services for ERP and other software systems, and to a lesser extent, software licensing and related maintenance and professional services. The service period for a subscription is variable and the services are provided to clients in a similar manner regardless of product or customer type. See Note 2 for further information regarding the Company’s revenue recognition policies.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) is the Company’s President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board.
The Company operates as one
The CODM assesses the performance of the Company and decides how to allocate resources based on consolidated net income (loss), which is identical to the information presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The CODM uses net income (loss) to monitor actual results against the budget. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total assets. See Note 2 for further information regarding the Company’s accounting policies.
The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue, adjusted | ||||||||||||||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits (a) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Engineering consulting costs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Administrative allocations | ||||||||||||||||||||
All other costs (b) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue, adjusted | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing, adjusted (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative, adjusted (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Reorganization costs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Litigation costs and related recoveries, net | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment net income (loss) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of profit or loss | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments and reconciling items | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||
(a) Adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense.
(b) Adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization expense.
(c) Adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense as well as depreciation and amortization expense.
Geographic Information
The Company attributes revenues to geographic regions based on the location of its clients. The following shows revenues by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| United States of America | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| International | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, Japan represented 12 %, 11 % and 10 % of total revenue, respectively.
No customers represented more than 10% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no customers greater than 10% of total net accounts receivable.
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RIMINI STREET, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company tracks its assets by physical location. The following shows the net carrying value of the Company’s property and equipment by geographic region as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| United States of America | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Brazil | |||||||||||
| India | |||||||||||
| Rest of World | |||||||||||
| Total property and equipment, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
Prior year amounts of property and equipment for India and Brazil have been reclassified from Rest of World for consistency with the current year presentation. This reclassification had no effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following shows the operating lease ROU assets by geographic region as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| United States of America | $ | $ | |||||||||
| India | |||||||||||
| Malaysia | |||||||||||
| Brazil | |||||||||||
| Rest of World | |||||||||||
| Total operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed in our SEC reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to reasonably ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) (“Disclosure Controls”) will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. We monitor our Disclosure Controls and make modifications as necessary; our intent in this regard is that the Disclosure Controls will be modified as systems change and conditions warrant.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our Disclosure Controls was performed as of the end of the period covered by this Report. This evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. Based on this evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and our Board of Directors regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. This evaluation included review of the control documentation, evaluation of the design effectiveness of controls, testing the operating effectiveness of controls and a conclusion on this evaluation. Based on our evaluation, we have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 has been audited by KPMG, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report included in Item 8 of this Report.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption termination
The Company’s RSU and PSU notice and award agreements provide that, upon the settlement of awards subject to such agreements, such number of shares of Company common stock as the Company determines appropriate to satisfy associated minimum statutory tax withholding obligations shall automatically be sold on the awardee’s behalf, with the sale proceeds remitted to the appropriate taxing authorities. This provision may constitute a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K). Certain of our executive officers have elected to automatically sell such number of shares of Company common stock as to generate cash proceeds in excess of the amount needed to satisfy associated minimum statutory tax withholding obligations (at an identified rate) upon settlement of future RSU and/or PSU awards, with all sale proceeds remitted to appropriate taxing authorities.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
It is also the policy of the Company that the Company will not engage in transactions in Company securities while aware of material non-public information relating to the Company or its securities.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. The code is available on our website at www.riministreet.com/code-of-conduct. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding amendments to and waivers from the code by posting such information on the same website.
Directors and Executive Officers
A list of our executive officers and biographical information appears in Part I of this Report under the heading “Information about our Executive Officers.”
The information required by this item regarding delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” (if any to disclose) in our Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual
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Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (the “2026 Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference.
The remaining information required by this item will be included under the captions “Corporate Governance Matters – Standing Committees of the Board of Directors,” “Board Composition,” “Class III Director Nominees—Biographical Information” and “Continuing Directors—Biographical Information” in our 2026 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item will be included under the captions “Corporate Governance Matters—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors,” “Executive Compensation Tables,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Policies and Practices Related to the Grant of Certain Equity Awards Close in Time to the Release of Material Nonpublic Information,” “CEO Pay Ratio,” and “Director Compensation,” in the 2026 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference (except as to information disclosed therein pursuant to Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K relating to pay versus performance).
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item will be included under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” in the 2026 Proxy Statement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item will be included under the captions “Corporate Governance Matters—Policies and Procedures for Related Person Transactions,” “Corporate Governance Matters—Related Person Transactions,” “Corporate Governance Matters—Board Structure,” “Corporate Governance Matters—Board Leadership Structure” and “Corporate Governance Matters—Board Determination of Independence” in the 2026 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Our independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG LLP , Santa Clara, CA , Auditor Firm ID: 185 .
The information required by this item will be included under the captions “Fees Paid to Auditors” and “Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Auditors; Delegation of Pre-Approval Authority in Specified Instances” in the 2026 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) and (a)(2) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules:
Reference is made to the Index to Financial Statements of the Company under Item 8 of Part II. All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or the amounts are immaterial, not required, or the required information is presented in the financial statements and notes thereto in Item 8 of Part II above.
(b) Exhibits. Certain of the agreements filed as exhibits to this Report contain representations and warranties by the parties to the agreements that have been made solely for the benefit of the parties to the agreement. These representations and warranties:
•may have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other parties in connection with the negotiation of the agreements, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreements;
•may apply standards of materiality that differ from those of a reasonable investor; and
•were made only as of specified dates contained in the agreements and are subject to subsequent developments and changed circumstances.
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Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date that these representations and warranties were made or at any other time. Investors should not rely on them as statements of fact.
The exhibits listed in the following Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Report. The following are exhibits to this Report and, if incorporated by reference, we have indicated the document previously filed with the SEC in which the exhibit was included.
EXHIBIT INDEX
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1* | 8-K | 001-37397 | 3.1 | October 16, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2* | 8-K | 001-37397 | 3.1 | June 7, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.3* | 10-Q | 001-37397 | 3.2 | November 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.1* | S-4 | 333-219101 | 4.5 | June 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.2+ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.3* | S-1 | 333-203500 | 4.3 | April 17, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.4* | S-4 | 333-219101 | 4.8 | June 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5* | 8-K | 001-37397 | 10.1 | July 19, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.6* | 8-K/A | 001-37397 | 10.2 | March 12, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.7* | S-4 | 333-21910 | 4.7 | June 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.1* | 8-K | 001-37397 | 10.1 | October 16, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.2*† | S-4/A | 333-219101 | 10.20 | August 9, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.3*† | 10-K | 001-37397 | 10.4 | March 3, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.4*† | 8-K | 001-37397 | 10.1 | April 6, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.5*† | S-4/A | 333-219101 | 10.52 | August 9, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.6*† | 10-Q | 001-37397 | 10.1 | October 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.7*† | 8-K | 001-37397 | 10.1 | October 1, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.8*† | 8-K | 001-37397 | 10.1 | December 23, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.9* | 8-K | 001-37397 | 10.1 | June 8, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.10* | 10-Q | 001-37397 | 10.1 | May 2, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.11* | 10-Q | 001-37397 | 10.2 | May 2, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.12*‡ | 10-Q | 001-37397 | 10.1 | July 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19.1* | 10-K | 001-37397 | 19.1 | February 27, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97.1* | 10-K | 001-37397 | 97.1 | February 28, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS+ | Inline XBRL Instance Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH+ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL+ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF+ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB+ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE+ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104+ | Cover Page Interactive Data File (Embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Previously filed and incorporated herein by reference.
+ Filed herewith.
++ In accordance with SEC Release 33-8238, Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and not filed.
† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
‡ Certain portions of this exhibit (marked by “[***]”) have omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K because such portions are not material and are treated by the Registrant as private or confidential.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not applicable
-102-
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| RIMINI STREET, INC. | ||||||||
| Date: February 19, 2026 | By: | /s/ Seth A. Ravin | ||||||
| Seth A. Ravin | ||||||||
| President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Date: February 19, 2026 | By: | /s/ Seth A. Ravin | ||||||
| Seth A. Ravin | ||||||||
| President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
| Date: February 19, 2026 | By: | /s/ Michael L. Perica | ||||||
| Michael L. Perica | ||||||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||||||||
| Date: February 19, 2026 | By: | /s/ Jack L. Acosta | ||||||
| Jack L. Acosta | ||||||||
| Director | ||||||||
| Date: February 19, 2026 | By: | /s/ Steve Capelli | ||||||
| Steve Capelli | ||||||||
| Director | ||||||||
| Date: February 19, 2026 | By: | /s/ Robin Murray | ||||||
| Robin Murray | ||||||||
| Director | ||||||||
| Date: February 19, 2026 | By: | /s/ Jay Snyder | ||||||
| Jay Snyder | ||||||||
| Director | ||||||||
-103-
Exhibit 4.2
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
REGISTERED UNDER SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
As of December 31, 2025, Rimini Street, Inc. (“we,” “us,” and “our”) had one class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act”): our common stock.
GENERAL
The following is a summary of the rights of our securities and certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”). This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to our Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit is a part, and the applicable provisions of the DGCL. We encourage you to read our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws and the applicable provisions of the DGCL for additional information.
We are a Delaware corporation. Our authorized capital stock consists of 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
As of December 31, 2025, we had issued and outstanding 91,603,350 shares of common stock. The outstanding shares of our common stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
COMMON STOCK
Dividend Rights
Subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and then only at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine.
Voting Rights
Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to cast one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. Holders of shares of our common stock have no cumulative voting rights with respect to the election of directors. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation establishes a classified board of directors that is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. Only the directors in one class will be subject to election by a plurality of votes cast at each annual meeting of our stockholders, with the directors in the other classes continuing for the remainder of their respective three-year terms.
No Preemptive or Similar Rights
Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions.
Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions
If we become subject to a liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders would be distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock and, if any, the participating preferred stock outstanding at that time, after prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any other series of preferred stock outstanding at that time.
Exchange Listing
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “RMNI.”
1
ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECTS OF DELAWARE LAW AND OUR AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or discouraging another party from acquiring control of us. These provisions and certain provisions of Delaware law, which are summarized below, could discourage takeovers, coercive or otherwise. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us.
Undesignated Preferred Stock. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, without further stockholder action, our board of directors is authorized, subject to any limitations prescribed by the DGCL, to provide for the issuance of the shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each such series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series (but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding). Our board of directors has the ability to designate and issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could deter hostile takeovers or delay changes in our control or management.
Limits on Ability of Stockholders to Act by Written Consent or Call a Special Meeting. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our stockholders may not act by written consent. This limit on the ability of stockholders to act by written consent may lengthen the amount of time required to take stockholder actions. As a result, the holders of a majority of our capital stock are not able to amend the amended and restated bylaws or remove directors without holding a meeting of stockholders called in accordance with the amended and restated bylaws.
In addition, our amended and restated bylaws provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by our board of directors, the chairperson of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, our president or our secretary. A stockholder may not call a special meeting, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for holders controlling a majority of our capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors.
Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals. Our amended and restated bylaws contain advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of our board of directors or a committee of the board of directors. These advance notice procedures may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed and may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempt to obtain control of our company.
Board Classification. Our board of directors is divided into three classes. The directors in each class serve for a three-year term, one class being elected each year by our stockholders. This system of electing and removing directors may discourage a third party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, because it generally makes it more difficult for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors.
Choice of Forum. Our amended and restated bylaws provide that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for: (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (b) any action asserting a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees or agents to us or our stockholders; (c) any action asserting a claim pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws; or (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Such exclusive forum provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute. We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging, under certain circumstances, in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” (in each case as defined below) for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:
•prior to the date of the transaction, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
2
•upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder, (1) shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and (2) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
•at or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by our board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.
Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, owned 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors does not approve in advance. We also anticipate that Section 203 may discourage attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders.
The provisions of the DGCL and the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and as a consequence, they might also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions might also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is also possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The transfer agent for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, which is located at 1 State Street Plaza, 30th Floor, New York, New York 10004, e-mail: cstmail@continentalstock.com.
3
Exhibit 21.1
SUBSIDIARIES/ REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF RIMINI STREET, INC.
| Name of Subsidiary | Jurisdiction of Organization | ||||
| RSI International Holdings, Inc. | Delaware | ||||
| RSI International Holdings, LLC | Delaware | ||||
| Rimini Street Australia Pty Limited | Australia | ||||
| Rimini Street GmbH | Germany | ||||
| Nihon Rimini Street KK | Japan | ||||
| Rimini Street (HK) Ltd. | Hong Kong | ||||
| Rimini Street Ltd. | United Kingdom | ||||
| Rimini Street AB | Sweden | ||||
| Rimini Street Israel, Ltd. | Israel | ||||
| Rimini Street Brazil Serviços de Tecnologia Ltda. | Brazil | ||||
| Rimini Street India Operations Pvt. Ltd. | India | ||||
| Rimini Street Korea, Inc. | Republic of Korea | ||||
| Rimini Street (HK) Ltd. Taiwan Branch | Taiwan | ||||
| Rimini Street France SAS | France | ||||
| Rimini Street Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Singapore | ||||
| Rimini Street New Zealand Ltd. | New Zealand | ||||
| Rimini Street de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. | Mexico | ||||
| Rimini Street Malaysia Sdn Bhd | Malaysia | ||||
| Rimini Street Netherlands B.V. | Netherlands | ||||
| Rimini Street FZ, LLC | UAE (Dubai) | ||||
| Rimini Street Poland Sp. z o.o. | Poland | ||||
| Rimini Street Canada Inc. | Canada | ||||
| Rimini Street, Inc. – Indonesia Foreign Trade Representative Office | Indonesia | ||||
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (No. 333-222104, No. 333-223471, No. 333-233181, No. 333-241025, No. 333-258452, No. 333-263271, No. 333-270193, No. 333-277450, No. 333-285325) on Form S-8, and (No. 333-228320, No.333-232484, No. 333-263236, No.333-285336) on Form S-3 of our report dated February 19, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Rimini Street, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Santa Clara, California
February 19, 2026
EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC REPORT UNDER SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Seth A. Ravin, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Rimini Street, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 19, 2026
| /s/ Seth A. Ravin | |||||
| Seth A. Ravin | |||||
| Title: President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors | |||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC REPORT UNDER SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Michael L. Perica, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Rimini Street, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 19, 2026
| /s/ Michael L. Perica | |||||
| Michael L. Perica | |||||
| Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | |||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||
EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. 1350
(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, Seth A. Ravin, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Rimini Street, Inc. (the “Company”), certify, that, to the best of my knowledge:
1.The Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: February 19, 2026
/s/ Seth A. Ravin
Seth A. Ravin
Title: President, Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors
(Principal Executive Officer)
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. 1350
(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, Michael L. Perica, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Rimini Street, Inc. (the “Company”), certify, that, to the best of my knowledge:
1.The Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: February 19, 2026
/s/ Michael L. Perica
Michael L. Perica
Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.