Sap SE Q1 FY2026 Earnings Call

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome, and thank you for joining the SAP Q1 Financial Results Conference Call. Operator instructions were provided. I would now like to turn the conference over to Alexandra Steiger, Global Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Good evening, everyone, and welcome. Thank you for joining us. With me today are CEO, Christian Klein; and CFO, Dominik Asam. On this call, we will discuss SAP's first quarter 2026 results. You can find the deck supplementing this call as well as our quarterly statement on our Investor Relations website. During this call, we will make forward-looking statements, which are predictions, projections or other statements about future events. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and outcomes to differ materially. Additional information regarding these risks and uncertainties may be found in our filings with the SEC, including, but not limited to, the Risk Factors section of our annual report on Form 20-F for 2025. Unless otherwise stated, all numbers on this call are non-IFRS and growth rates and percentage point changes are non-IFRS year-on-year at constant currencies. The non-IFRS financial measures we provide should not be considered as a substitute for or superior to the measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with IFRS. Before I begin, I would like to highlight our upcoming financial analyst conference at Sapphire taking place in Orlando next month. We look forward to seeing you there. For those unable to attend in person, I would like to invite you to join our webcast. And with that, over to you, Christian.

Yes. Thank you, Alexandra, and a warm welcome to everyone joining the call. I'm happy to say that we delivered a strong start to the year. Our Q1 results demonstrate the ongoing momentum across our entire portfolio and the continued success of our strategy. We achieved these results against a shifting macroeconomic environment. And while our business is very resilient, we are not completely immune to external dynamics. Uncertainty remains high, just as it does for every company. Still, we keep on delivering quarter-by-quarter, and we are also working on larger announcements for Sapphire, which will set us up to deliver high-value business AI at scale. We look forward to sharing more details with you in Orlando. Let's begin by looking at our Q1 performance. Our current cloud backlog increased 25% to EUR 21.9 billion. Cloud revenue grew 27%, almost crossing the EUR 6 billion mark. The strong performance was driven by a 30% acceleration in our cloud ERP Suite revenue, bringing total revenue to EUR 9.6 billion for the quarter. This was a strong increase of plus 12%. Order entry from our public cloud solutions accelerated sharply in Q1, continuing the momentum from Q4. Public cloud order entry accounted for over 70% of our quarterly volume. And with that, we keep on gaining market share, especially versus best-of-breed software vendors. Gartner Research just announced that SAP grew 15 percentage points faster versus the global enterprise applications cloud market in 2025. Our strong top line performance translated directly into our bottom line with an operating margin of 30%, up 2.9 percentage points. As a result, our operating profit in Q1 increased by 24% to EUR 2.9 billion. Finally, it's great to see that our growing partner ecosystem performed exceptionally well. Our indirect channel order entry grew significantly faster than our direct channel, accounting for almost 30% of our total order entry. Now let me turn to the broader macro environment. Geopolitical tensions, mainly the conflict in the Middle East, have increased. The war is already having an economic impact in the region and on many energy-intensive industries. SAP is, of course, not completely immune against these disruptions and the economic uncertainty makes it difficult to predict the impact on our total year results. But we have seen many, many times in the past that customers are turning towards SAP in moments like these to invest into the resilience of their business. Our strong portfolio, together with our own resilient business model provides a great foundation for SAP in uncertain times. We see this reflected in a very healthy pipeline coverage for 2026. Let's move on to some great customer wins in Q1. Leading companies from various industries selected RISE with SAP. They included ConocoPhillips in Energy, Thales in Defense, Air Liquide in Industrial Gases and Bristol-Myers Squibb in Biotech. Moreover, PayPal, as well as the European division of automaker Hyundai and Swiss automotive supplier Aptiv, embarked on the RISE journey. Our software and cloud offerings also continue to gain traction with an important win at defense company Diehl. Among the net new customers selecting SAP GROW are the superfood brand, OAKBERRY and Adesso, a leading IT service provider. On the AI and data side, we won Red Bull as well as Carl Zeiss, a global leader in optics and semiconductor manufacturing technology. In addition, Knauf, a leader in building materials, German food company, Hochland and Swedish manufacturer, SKF, selected SAP Business Data Cloud. We also saw many successful go-lives. Samsung Electro-Mechanics completed the S/4HANA transformation as part of their RISE journey. Alibaba Cloud and Fonterra, a New Zealand-based agribusiness, both completed their transformation journeys with RISE. We are also proud to have supported ExxonMobil with a smooth deployment of their workforce ecosystem project. This go-live on SAP SuccessFactors now supports more than 60,000 users globally. All of these customer wins demonstrate the confidence in our portfolio. This brings me to the core of our strategy, business AI. There is no doubt that AI will redefine how companies will run in the future. Here are some examples showing how SAP Business AI is already delivering significant value to our customers. At Daimler Trucks North America, SAP Business AI helped transform how the company wins contracts with fleet customers. Bid win rates jumped from 10% to more than 40%, delivering a EUR 70 million financial impact within 12 months. Queensland's Department of Transport and Main Roads uses SAP Business AI to predict road surface issues across 33,000 kilometers. Engineers can now run statewide investment optimization in a single day instead of a week. Next to the accelerated speed, this predictive AI use case also generates millions of savings. A German manufacturer, Hormann, an AI assistant analyzes complex construction tenders in hours instead of weeks, reducing manual effort by up to 70%; at automotive supplier, Martur Fompak, the invoicing process was accelerated by more than 9x and product innovation time is now 30% faster. We also see how our AI supports faster and more cost-efficient ERP migrations. For example, our partner, KPMG, uses tools for consultants to accelerate ERP migrations. Project wins are now completed up to 20% faster. EY uses SAP Generative AI app to accelerate how it delivers SAP transformation projects. AI agents automate key phases from requirements through testing, reducing project delivery timelines by up to 30%. Bosch Digital equipped 1,500 developers with our AI, including SAP tools for developers for their ERP migration. As a result, developer productivity increased by 20% with unit test creation now 15% to 20% faster. All of these AI use cases deliver significant customer value today. At the same time, let's be honest, large-scale adoption of enterprise AI is still in its early stages. Also, we at SAP are learning our lessons every day with our customers about what it truly takes to make business AI work reliably, which is key when you run the world's most mission-critical and complex business processes. Agents often don't yet have the full understanding of business data and processes to deliver highly accurate outcomes. This is needed to deploy at scale and with high accuracy, agentic AI use cases in the most mission-critical parts of our customers' business. But we are learning fast, and we are very confident that SAP has compared to many other software companies, the right assets to win. Very deep domain know-how about business processes and data as well as enterprise-grade governance and security. SAP's ERP developed over 50 years can also be seen as the institutional brain of every company where data and process domain know-how is getting stored. The launch of SAP Business Data Cloud last year was another important step to enable our customers to further expand the SAP semantic data model to non-SAP data. BDC allows our customers to build an end-to-end data platform, which is key for high-value AI. At Sapphire, we plan to announce some fundamental changes to our portfolio to infuse this deep domain know-how into SAP's AI agents, and we will govern the agentic AI layer for our customers. This foundational change will enable SAP AI agents at scale to deliver highly accurate results to take actions across end-to-end processes in a secure manner. So let me address as well a question many of you have in mind. How will the AI transformation impact the financials of our company? First, SAP solutions as the institutional memory of every company will not disappear. On the contrary, we expect to continue to gain market share with our best-of-suite offering because now more than ever, a harmonized data and process layer is key to harnessing the power of AI. With the infusion of AI across our products and migration tools, you will see an increasing share of consumption-related cloud revenue in our P&L. But this shift will happen gradually over the next years with the expansion of business AI in our customer base. The good news is that in line with our system of records, the related subscription revenue will not disappear. Also, it is important to highlight that less than 40% of our 2025 cloud revenue was tied to named users. The remaining subscription cloud revenue is priced via non-seat-based metrics like revenues, memory used and other value-related metrics. Let me emphasize once again that the ramp of consumption-based cloud revenue will be a gradual evolution and by no means a disruption comparable with the transition from on-prem to the cloud. At our Financial Analyst Conference in Orlando, we are going to show you how our AI transformation will expand SAP's addressable market as well as how both subscription and consumption-related cloud revenue will further drive SAP's growth ambition. Let's now look at how AI influences the way SAP operates itself. Our internal AI transformation starts with our people and their skills. We are executing comprehensive upskilling programs across the entire organization, so every team can confidently apply AI in their day-to-day work. Our external hiring is highly targeted, focusing on recruiting top experts in data and AI. At the same time, AI will help us to run SAP as a company more autonomously in the future. We act as our customer zero using our own AI across engineering, support, services and go-to-market with a direct impact on our top and bottom line financials. Let me share with you what we have already achieved with some great examples. In our engineering teams, we are using AI to work more efficiently with Joule for ABAP development and by third-party tools like Claude Code and GitHub Copilot, we are increasing developer productivity already by over 30%. With AI assistance, our service and support teams are handling significantly higher ticket volumes without a proportional increase in headcount. AI assists 100% of support cases and 20% of our tickets are even resolved by AI, fully autonomous. Thanks to these efforts, we observed a 12% higher productivity in our support function. At SAP, we have more than 80,000 colleagues in services, and our consultants save with our AI one day per week by much more efficient system configuration and custom code analysis. This leads as well to faster project delivery and a huge productivity increase. For our go-to-market teams, AI improved our demand generation activities by personalizing and automating outbound campaigns tailored to customer situation. It saved over 83,000 hours and directly influenced the pipeline with additional EUR 50 million of value. Even better, it helps us to target the right customers, identifying real pain points early and replacing guesswork with focused engagement up to 6x more effectively. As part of our internal transformation, we have communicated a clear goal to achieve a run rate of around EUR 2 billion in efficiencies by end of 2028, and we will share further details at our upcoming financial analyst conference. Let me now summarize. We delivered a strong Q1 in a challenging and uncertain business environment. Whenever tensions and crisis occur, our software becomes more essential, not optional. This makes us confident for the remaining year. Finally, we are going to make significant progress with Business AI in 2026. You will see this come to life at Sapphire. With that, I hand over to you, Dominik.

Thank you very much, Christian, and thank you all for joining us this evening. As Christian stated in his opening remarks, 2026 is off to a strong start, supported by healthy current cloud backlog and total revenue growth, continued strength in cloud revenue and strong operating profit performance. These results prove the merits of the strategy we've put in place and the cost discipline in managing our business against the backdrop of an increasingly complex and uncertain macroeconomic and geopolitical environment, now further shaped by the ongoing conflict in the Middle East. SAP continues to be a valued partner for organizations of all sizes pursuing end-to-end digital transformation. And as we look ahead, SAP Business AI, the Business Data Cloud, as well as the Sovereign Cloud continue to play an increasingly important role in customer conversations and are becoming more relevant in their decision-making and deal activity. We look forward to showcasing the progress we are making across these areas at our upcoming Sapphire User Conference in Orlando. Taken together, these results reinforce the trust that leading organizations place in SAP as they pursue complex transformation initiatives at speed and at scale. Now let me provide more details around our financial highlights. Current cloud backlog reached EUR 21.9 billion, up 25%. While CCB growth held up remarkably well in Q1, we continue to expect a slight deceleration in this metric over the coming quarters. Shortly after the escalation of the conflict, governments as well as other customers and industries directly affected by the consequences in their supply chains and production facilities reprioritized their activities to what one could characterize as immediate firefighting. Cloud revenue grew by 27%. It was positively impacted by several quarter-specific effects. As these are unlikely to reoccur, we expect deceleration of cloud revenue growth in the second quarter. Cloud ERP Suite revenue increased by 30% in Q1, now accounting for 87% of total revenue growth in cloud. Software licenses revenue decreased by 33%. Finally, total revenue in the first quarter was EUR 9.6 billion, up 12%. So now let's take a brief look at our regional performance. In the first quarter, SAP's cloud revenue performance was particularly strong in APJ and EMEA and solid in the Americas region. Brazil, France, Germany, India, South Korea, Switzerland and the United Kingdom had outstanding performance while the U.S. were particularly strong. Moving down the income statement. Our IFRS cloud gross margin in Q1 was 74.6% and non-IFRS was 75.2%, up 0.1 percentage points and marginally down by 0.1 percentage points at constant currencies. Nevertheless, IFRS operating profit increased by 17% to EUR 2.7 billion. Non-IFRS operating profit was even up by 24% to EUR 2.9 billion. IFRS and non-IFRS operating profit growth was supported by EUR 135 million decline of share-based compensation expenses. The SaaS Apocalypse debate and the related 28% decline in our share price during the first quarter alone left its traces in that position. While we hedge lion's share of our cash-settled grants, the sheer magnitude of the move in the unhedged portion in combination with related social charges that are not hedged, provided this, I have to admit, unintended relief, adding to continued strong general cost discipline. The IFRS effective tax rate was 29.1% and the non-IFRS effective tax rate was 29.3%. Both were driven mainly by tax effects related to nondeductible expenses. Free cash flow in Q1 was EUR 3.2 billion, impacted by a payout of EUR 408 million related to the settlement of the Teradata litigation case. Finally, IFRS earnings per share increased by 9% to EUR 1.66 and non-IFRS earnings per share increased by 20% to EUR 1.72. Now on to the outlook. As you've likely seen in the quarterly statement issued earlier today, we are maintaining our financial outlook for the full year 2026. The outlook reflects the puts and takes we can quantify as of today with a reasonable confidence based on everything we have observed up to this point. It is based on a scenario of a near-term deescalation of the conflict in the Middle East. Needless to say, a continuation or even further escalation of the conflict and most importantly, the continued closure of the Strait of Hormuz would have the potential to materially derail the supply chains of many industries that are important to SAP. While as of now, the impact is limited to the governments and industries most directly affected, there could be contagion across supply chains on a global level. This, in turn, could jeopardize business continuity across many sectors and as a result, weigh heavily on customer sentiment and investment behavior globally, ultimately potentially impairing our ability to meet the current outlook. Given the extremely high level of uncertainty around this, it is impossible to reasonably quantify the impact of such a meltdown scenario. And any speculation at this stage would almost certainly prove to be inaccurate, absent a near-term resolution. What we can say so, however, is that assuming a reasonable resolution and the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz in the coming weeks, mitigation measures on the cost side as well as the expected contribution from the Reltio acquisition, we continue to expect to reach the ranges we have previously communicated for our financial KPIs. While we were able to weather Q1 basically unscathed in terms of direct P&L impact, we did already see war-related business impacts year-to-date. For the time being, we expect these to have a limited impact on 2026 cloud revenue, but you should not expect us to raise the outlook upon the imminent closing of Reltio. We need vast contributions to secure a reasonable level of confidence to reach the previously guided range for cloud revenue. With respect to current cloud backlog, we continue to expect a slight deceleration over the course of the year with a clearly wider range of possible outcomes given the current environment, recognizing that the timing and pace of bookings can still move around depending on how the macro develops. We did see some impact on half year 1 pipeline and bookings forecast from mid-March, i.e., 2 weeks after the beginning of the conflict. If conditions stabilize, we believe there remains an opportunity to close some of the deals that did not close as anticipated in the first quarter. Please keep in mind that the second half of the year typically accounts for the lion's share of our bookings and visibility remains limited given the evolving environment. In summary, while we would have hoped for a more benign operating environment, we are very pleased with our resilience as evidenced by the solid start to the year and the continued progress we are making against our priorities. The significant market share gains in our cloud business, most recently confirmed by both the most prominent specialized independent research houses, namely Gartner and IDC for calendar year 2025, are therefore solidly sustained into the first quarter of 2026. While the external environment remains dynamic, we stay focused on supporting our customers, executing our strategy and positioning the business for long-term value creation. We are looking forward to welcoming you to our Financial Analyst Conference in May. Given the myriad of customer testimonials, product and commercial model announcements, we plan for Sapphire in Orlando. We fully trust it will be very much worth your time. Thank you, and we are happy to take your questions now.

Thank you, Dominik. And I would kindly remind you to only ask one question when prompted. Operator, please open the line.

Operator instructions were provided. The first question is from the line of Mohammed Moawalla with Goldman Sachs.

Congrats on the strong finish despite the macro circumstances. Can I just kind of dig in a little bit around kind of your commentary around the environment? You talked about sort of some sort of impact that you saw, but clearly, we're able to manage that. But as you look into that kind of all-important second half, when you talked about sort of customer decision-making, there have been various kind of commentary out there around the pace of sort of the migration cycle. Can you perhaps sort of isolate the macro from also maybe more product cycle-specific factors and your visibility around that sort of second half and more broadly over the midterm around how that product cycle evolves?

Yes, I can get started and then Dominik, please add your feedback as well. I mean, first, when you exclude the macro for a second, I have seen such crises a lot in my career at SAP. And what it always starts and leads to is actually that just today, two customers talking to me about resiliency in supply chains, about the intelligence we can provide for them to operate their supply chain. We talk a lot about transportation and logistics. So we see this actually. We have a strong portfolio there and that combined with the intelligence of BDC and the AI agents we deliver now step by step, actually makes me confident that that part of the portfolio definitely will see very healthy growth this year. You also heard me talking about AI. And I really want to be honest here to you. I mean, in the first step, all of the examples I have given to you are real, and we are delivering today significant value to our customers. Now is there also a learning curve for us here at SAP? Definitely. And I guess every tech company has that because now when you talk about can we deliver these use cases, what I just highlighted at scale, obviously, there is work to do on the ontology layer. I always tell my team on the product cycle of AI, it's actually great that we are running the world's most mission-critical business process. You know what, this ERP, what we are actually owning has so deep domain knowledge. And now the task for the remainder of 2026 is how can we infuse this domain know-how, both from a data but as well as from a business process perspective into the AI agents. And please also, I hope you're going to join us at Sapphire because we will make some very fundamental announcements to really show our customers how we will make this work. And so overall, from a product life cycle perspective, also from what I see from a pipeline perspective, actually makes me confident but obviously and Dominik, please add your comments. There is no doubt, obviously, that we are, of course, also at some point, also impacted by the geopolitical tensions. I mean, when you can't actually send your salespeople to customers in the Middle East, at a certain point, you will see extended deal cycles. And we have a few of those. And obviously, when especially in the energy-intensive industries, when this war now continues, when supply chains get further disrupted, I would say we, but as well as every other company will, of course, also see more challenges over the course of the year. But please, Dominik, add your comments, please.

I would like to maybe add one comment on the fact that AI is not only driving the performance of the products once they are in operations, but also helps us a lot on the transformation now. There is really now the first successes where customers are reducing the effort, the cost, the time to implement transformations. And the big heavy lifting on the transformation is currently still the old ECC to S/4. So sometimes people speculate, well, can customers now wait. But recall, the extended maintenance begins '28, end of 2030, extended maintenance is over. And then the only kind of way to cope with that is basically our famous SAP ERP, private edition, transition option, which is quite costly. So customers have a big incentive to accelerate, and there are now the tools available. So I think also the confidence of customers that this goes easier than maybe in prior times is increasing. That helps a lot on the migration cycle. Now on the war situation, I've been in complex supply chains and manufacturing. And think about all the petrochemical, food, supply chain and what can happen there. So I think it's virtually impossible to understand what will happen if there is some shortages here and there. The shortages might also go hand-in-hand with some people building buffer stocks, so there might be panic buying. And once certain products are not available, the end product could not be built anymore. And that's the type of effect where, frankly, we cannot say when it's coming. What we can say, though, is we don't think that any kind of additional week or months of shutting down the Strait of Hormuz will be a kind of x basis point impact on CCB. That's not how it works. It's a slippery slope where at some point in time, supply chains will be shut down and then we have a massive impact. So it's a little bit of a more binary situation.

The next question is from the line of Adam Wood with Morgan Stanley.

Congrats on that good quarter. Can I just come back, Christian, you talked about the challenges of applying GenAI and the learnings you have to take to get companies to adopt. We're seeing obviously some of the labs really build incredible revenue streams very quickly here. Could you just talk a little bit about what you're trying to do as you take over R&D? Is this a pace of innovation problem at SAP? Is this needing to get more people into the companies to understand where the pain points are to bring that back into the products? So could you just give us a little bit of an idea of what you're doing from the R&D side and what you're doing kind of consulting in with the companies to get that situation to change? And if there's any help you can give us on time frame to be able to accelerate, that would be really helpful.

Happy to share some more insights in what are our priorities also on the R&D side for the weeks and months to come. I would rather talk about weeks. Look, I would say I would rather turn it around and start with the very positive. I don't see one tech company, also not the large language model providers who actually can deliver at scale agentic AI use cases for the world's most mission-critical business processes. When I started to harmonize data models at SAP 5 years ago to solve the integration challenge, I never thought that 5 years later, we are sitting here in front of 7.3 million data fields in our ERP where you now need to build knowledge graphs that correlate this data to actually solve some of the most complex tasks in the world for customers. And that is also our lesson learned: we deliver those use cases, but they are today 85% accurate, 90% accurate. But is this enough when you are touching payroll, finance, the financial close, the supply chains of the customer? No, it's not enough. It's not that the customers don't see the value, they see the value, but we have to go the last mile, and that has a lot to do with the ontology. We made some fundamental decisions already a few months ago and how we can also change the architecture of our solutions. You're going to hear some news about our platforms and how we can combine these strengths of SAP. And again, I really want to emphasize, this is a problem which actually SAP is suited best to solve because I don't believe that over these 7.3 million data fields and over 120 mission-critical business processes, there's any other software company, for sure not the LLM providers, who can sort that out. And that's our task. We are very confident to do that. In these ERPs, there's 50 years of know-how, and this know-how also sits within SAP. And yes, we are going to make that work. That is the main focus now on the R&D side. And you can imagine that is also not one job profile who can sort that out. You need to have the best industry consultants and pair them with the data scientists. You need to have product managers who also then understand how these agents work in a real-life environment. And when you form these teams, and we call this the all-in on AI program within SAP and bring them together, great things can happen. That is definitely something we already changed a few months ago. Since then, we are seeing really great progress. And again, I hope every one of you is also coming to Sapphire to see this in real life.

The next question is from the line of Charlie Brennan with Jefferies.

Christian, can I ask one for you, if I can. I think you very helpfully clarified that the impact of the consumption model will be gradual over time and less severe than we saw with the transition to cloud. Are there any parts of the AI journey that you think will be actually similar to the cloud transition, whether it's in terms of investment costs and maybe margin implications going forward or maybe the need to do M&A to onboard skills that you don't currently have?

Yes. Happy to give some more feedback. I would not compare this transformation to the cloud transformation we started 5 to 6 years ago, especially not from a financial perspective, moving from an upfront license model to a cloud business model. And let's also not forget, consumption is not new to SAP. A few years back, we infused consumption price models also for parts of our platform. So the metering, the adoption metrics, and the tools to drive adoption already exist within SAP. So we don't need to transform again certain parts of the company because we have people, we have the tools, we have the systems to make that work. What is again our main focus, and which is key to our success, is that five years back I learned how complex the master data model of our ERP is. Now I'm learning how to not only harmonize data, but how to correlate data, how such a graph understands billions of correlations. It's not only the 7.3 million data fields. You need to make sure that the agents understand how to correlate this data and then actually give the LLMs the context they need to sort out the business queries or even take actions in some of the processes we are running. That is the key part. When we started to deliver our first AI use cases, lessons learned included assuming we could plug and play and scale easily in the cloud. In reality, with very complex customer landscapes — hybrid landscapes, customized ERPs, public cloud solutions — it's not that easy to get agents, identity and authorizations right, to know what data to access and what to share. The extensibility layer in the graph to make customized data fields understood is also necessary, and customers often have individual process requirements. I had a customer in pharma and we discussed GxP compliance. The agent needs to understand GxP compliance. These are the lessons learned. But trust me, there is no other AI agent out there who can run such processes for a pharma company today at scale. That's why I'm confident, and that's why I'm saying to our engineers, it's actually a good challenge to have.

Maybe on the margin: first of all, I want to reiterate that as of today, we see no reason to change the envelope we have given in terms of operating leverage. We continue to say that our total expenses will grow in that 80% to 90% of total revenue growth. We did say that we want to keep flexibility in how this is allocated. Even if there might be a slight margin implication from what you alluded to, there are other upsides: the sheer explosion of productivity in development. One of the biggest challenges for SAP has been feature gaps that we took too much time to close and then some new competitors sneaked into those gaps. Now we can pull in the closure of those feature gaps. I haven't seen customers yet saying in a regulatory report process they would rather develop all these scenarios themselves. They say, if SAP can do that for us, great. But if SAP is slow, they won't wait. So there's many levers on productivity, and this is why we're deeply convinced that we can stick to that corridor. And don't forget, when we talk about foundation models and transformer models, we are not doing the supercompute-intensive LLM training on unstructured data where you have a lot of data to crunch to come to some results. We only do that with RPT-1 in the pretraining phase, and that's a highly structured, very efficient pretraining. So we're not expecting the same type of large-scale investments that others need to spend on to get these models trained because we can build on these models being built.

And there was a question also around M&A. Take our intent to acquire Reltio. We clearly see the need to govern master data now with BDC, not only for SAP but because agents need access to non-SAP data. Access to data doesn't help if it's semantically not governed, and that was the reason to hopefully then close soon the acquisition of Reltio. Muhammad and Philip and I are often together with Sebastian discussing where in the AI and data space we have more white spots, from a technical perspective where we can accelerate certain things or from a skill perspective where we can accelerate by adding skills. This is something we are constantly looking at. There is, of course, the chance we do a few more of those. I would call them tuck-in acquisitions because they're clearly not meant to acquire revenue; they're focused on the data and AI space.

The next question is from the line of Ben Castillo with BNP Paribas.

It felt Christian, that the message last time out was that, look, we're selling more product to our biggest customers. You called out at Q4, 90% of your top 50 deals containing AI. Has anything changed here so far this year if we exclude what's going on in the Middle East and perhaps the firefighting that Dominik alluded to? We heard this week from some IT services partners that some customers may be pausing migrations or perhaps changing the priority of their SAP in their overall spend. What are you seeing? That would be helpful. And just a quick follow-up. You said that total revenue growth this year is now expected to be broadly stable, but reaccelerate next year. As far as I can tell, you're reiterating the various line items. The only one that maybe is missing is services. Is that what's causing that change to this year's outlook? And if so, why is that?

I can start with your question on AI and then Dominik can take the question on revenue. On AI, Q4 was a very good quarter in infusing AI in many deals. In Q1 and in Thomas Saueressig's function, there was a high focus on making this AI productive, putting those agents into production with our customers. That progressed really well. A similar pattern continued in Q1. What Dominik mentioned is important: many existing RISE customers and those embarking on RISE are telling us that to harness AI they first need a cohesive and semantically rich data platform. With a highly customized ECC it's very hard to build mission-critical custom AI agents. Customers don't want to run those due to compliance challenges. The encouraging thing is AI tooling for ERP migration sold very well this quarter and adoption is coming. That's related to our partner ecosystem because we tell partners we are transforming and they must transform as well. These ERP AI migration tools are now a must-have because customers want to see the cost come down for ERP migrations, which is a positive for SAP.

And at the risk of stating the obvious, the increase in adoption of these AI migration tools naturally reduces the budgets billed to system integrators. That is not necessarily a bad sign; it doesn't mean projects have stopped, it could mean people are doing more leveraging these tools. On total revenue, you've seen services slightly declining. We deliberately decided to invest more in adoption support for our customers, and we're not chasing every hour to bill in the environment where migration tools play more of a role. Also, we included the Reltio acquisition, which is non-organic, to help protect the range in light of the setback we discussed. This enables us to support guidance for this year. We are confident '27 should accelerate because the services setback is a one-off this year and the ramp of our backlog has a much bigger increment coming in '27 than we can benefit from in 2026. Based on this, assuming no meltdown scenario in the Middle East, the acceleration is a reasonable assumption.

The next question is from the line of Mark Moerdler with Bernstein.

Impressive to see how well you executed this quarter and how you delivered on the current cloud backlog. Can you give us any sense for — other than the risk you've already discussed that there might be some pull forward to make that happen — anything that could create an impact on the future quarters other than again the macro issues we've discussed? And also, have you had to do anything relating to discounting or contract duration or whatever in order to deliver the solid numbers?

Thanks for the question, Mark. I would call this a very clean quarter. When I saw the gross margins of the deals we closed, they were healthy. Pipeline conversion this quarter was going rather smoothly, again except for the Middle East. I really want to emphasize that we are not immune to what is happening in the Middle East. There were no additional incentives or unusual measures. The main focus in the field in Q1 was to build the pipeline for Q3 and Q4, and that was another major focus area in Q1.

The next question is from the line of Frederic Boulan with Bank of America.

Quick question. Do you see any companies reassessing their current migration road map because of new available tools using tools like BDC to extract SAP data and try to build agents outside of the SAP ecosystem? There's a lot of concern in the market that the agentic layer will capture a lot of value. Is this something you see some customers trying to implement already?

We are talking to customers who are developing certain agents in conjunction with SAP data and processes. The good news is many customers build a few custom agents but then come back and say, 'When you build this agentic AI use case, there's no reason to do it custom or with a large language model provider.' We see examples where customers experiment, but they often return to SAP for a governed, semantically rich platform. Watch Sapphire for acceleration of agents and assistance from SAP. More important than just delivering many agents is the underlying platform: to deliver the quality and accuracy those agents need. We see examples, but nothing that keeps me up at night where customers are already forming a separate layer on top of SAP at scale.

One thing we should not forget: much of what we do is around hard monetary transactions in complex end-to-end processes. This is different from creating content. In my role as CFO, assurance that numbers are precise is ultrahigh. Many customers value that assurance. If SAP provides trusted, auditable results, that's worth a lot in these domains.

The next question is from the line of Michael Briest with UBS.

Just in terms of — you mentioned there, Christian, about the value of your data fields and workflows. Do you feel you have enough control and value protection around that? Are you considering any changes on third-party access to your systems? I think some competitors have limited or tried to charge for that, I mean, digital access. And we've elliptically discussed the Financial Times article a few times on this call. What was the purpose of your messaging there about 'no long-term gain without short-term pain'? Is that a message to customers to move more quickly to cloud and ERP? Was it to the workers at SAP? Was it to investors in some way?

Maybe I'll start with the last question. The short-term pain was correlated to the pressure in the software sector and the need for a laser-focused execution in our all-in on AI program. Our employees ask if the strategy gives us the right to win, and inside SAP there's a strong belief in our domain expertise, but there's short-term pain in execution. On domain knowledge and protection: during my time as COO we killed indirect access charging where customers were charged for accessing their data. That will never happen today. Customers' data is customers' data and we are not going to charge for access. But there's a big difference between accessing data, which we have no plans to monetize, and accessing the IP — the domain know-how in our ERP, the semantic data model and process know-how. The ontology, the maps, the graphs are things we will offer on our platform, but we will protect that intellectual property. We will share further details at Sapphire. No partner needs to worry: we love the partners and will have an open platform where SAP agents not coming from SAP can be integrated via APIs. One important point: when there is mass data egress or millions of API calls, we need to throttle APIs to avoid performance issues on the application side. These are things we are rolling out. But again, no customer or partner needs to worry. We want an open platform, but we also will protect SAP's domain IP.

The next question comes from the line of Jackson Ader with KeyBanc Capital Markets.

Really just one, mostly around guidance. Number one is how much of the Reltio acquisition is actually included in your full year revenue guidance? And the follow-up is, if we are assuming a near-term deescalation in Iran, then what is the reason — like what is the main reason then for needing this extra inorganic buffer in order to hit your full year guidance?

On Reltio, the company published a press release on February 10 referring to $185 million ARR as of year-end 2025, representing significant growth acceleration. The expected closing is imminent; we cannot commit to a specific day, but it should be near term unless there are surprises. We are now at the end of April, so that's 4 months out of 12 months, meaning two-thirds remain of the $185 million. If you take that as a yardstick without being precise, you get a feel for how little is included in the uptick.

And let's not forget, half year 1 is not volume-wise our biggest order entry quarter. But it matters for total year cloud revenue. A Q4 where we closed the highest order entry is important for next year's guidance and CCB exit rate. Something we missed in March and April we cannot just make up in a few months for the total year cloud revenue.

Thank you, Christian. And this concludes our call for today. Thank you all for joining.

Thanks a lot, everyone.

Thank you.

Bye-bye.

Ladies and gentlemen, the conference has now concluded, and you may disconnect your telephone. Thank you for joining, and have a pleasant day. Goodbye.