Snap Inc Q1 FY2026 Earnings Call

Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to Snap Inc.'s First Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call. I would now like to turn the call over to David Ometer, Head of Investor Relations.

Thank you, and good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to Snap's First Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call. With us today are Evan Spiegel, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder; and Derek Andersen, Chief Financial Officer. Please refer to our Investor Relations website at investor.snap.com to find today's press release, earnings slides and investor letter. This conference call includes forward-looking statements, which are based on our assumptions as of today. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, and we make no obligation to update our disclosures. For more information about factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements, please refer to the press release we issued today as well as risks described in our most recent Form 10-K or Form 10-Q, particularly in the section titled Risk Factors. Today's call will include both GAAP and non-GAAP measures. Reconciliations between the two can be found in today's press release. Please note that when we discuss all of our expense figures, they will exclude stock-based compensation and related payroll taxes as well as depreciation and amortization and certain other items. Please refer to our filings with the SEC to understand how we calculate any of the metrics discussed on today's call. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Evan.

Hi, everyone, and welcome to our call. Last fall, we described a crucible moment for Snap and the imperative to grow our community and engagement, reaccelerate revenue growth, improve gross margins and establish a clearer path to net income profitability. We made meaningful progress on each of these priorities in Q1. Q1 marked a return to growth in daily active users, reaching 483 million, while monthly active users grew to 956 million. Revenue increased 12% year-over-year to $1.53 billion, including a 3% year-over-year increase in advertising revenue to $1.24 billion and an 87% year-over-year increase in other revenue to $285 million. Net loss improved to $89 million. Operating cash flow was $327 million. Free cash flow was $286 million, and adjusted EBITDA was $233 million. These results indicate that we are closing the gap between engagement and monetization while converting revenue growth into a more durable path towards GAAP profitability. As we look ahead, our priorities are clear: first, grow our community and deepen engagement across Snapchat, with a focus on highly monetizable geographies; second, accelerate and diversify revenue growth; and third, build a more profitable and cash generative core business while investing with discipline in Specs and our long-term opportunity in intelligent eyewear. Our first priority is growing our community and deepening engagement by making Snapchat the best place to communicate with close friends and family. Engagement on our platform is built around relationships. People use Snapchat to talk to their friends, to express themselves visually, to share what they're seeing, and to stay connected to what is happening around them. That is why we continue to believe that our communication service is our strongest long-term advantage. In Q1, we continued to invest in new conversation starters to make communicating with friends easier and more fun. Topic Chats, which allow Snapchatters to participate in public conversations around trending topics and events, gained momentum as we broadened the rollout in Q1. For example, the March Madness Topic Chat was one of the most active real-time group chats with more than 90,000 messages sent and peak concurrent participation exceeding 40,000 people. Games are also emerging as a popular conversation starter with new two-player turn-based experiences, creating low-friction ways for friends and family to connect. We also added new entry points for games in Q1 to improve discovery, contributing to games reaching 255 million monthly active users. In addition, we enhanced our messaging infrastructure by improving notification timeliness and relevance and by making it easier for Snapchatters to seamlessly share content into conversations. Our community is increasingly using content sharing as a conversation starter and Spotlight is playing an important role in recommending more shareable content. In Q1 2026, Spotlight shares and reposts grew 62% year-over-year globally and 124% year-over-year in the U.S. Our focus on prioritizing authentic content created using the Snapchat Camera and our investments in the Creator experience are driving Spotlight posts, contributing to nearly 74% year-over-year growth in Spotlight posters in the U.S. and over 61% globally. These efforts, combined with continued investment in AI-driven personalization, resulted in higher engagement with total time spent watching Spotlight increasing 11% year-over-year. Our augmented reality and Lens ecosystem continues to play an important role in enhancing communication and self-expression on Snapchat. More than 75% of Snapchatters are engaging with augmented reality every day on average, and our community uses Lenses in our Snapchat camera 9 billion times per day on average. AI-powered Lens creation is transforming our AR ecosystem, with more than 400,000 lenses submitted in Q1, increasing more than 150% year-over-year. The significant growth this quarter was driven primarily by the adoption of new Lens creation tools such as Easy Lens, our free tool designed to make lens creation simpler, more fun and more personal. The Map continues to play a growing role as a way to stay up-to-date with friends and discover new places. With more than 450 million global monthly active users in Q1, we believe that the Snap Map is the world's most personal map, continually adapting to highlight the friends, places and real-world experiences that matter most to Snapchatters. As we layer in richer content and local signals, we see Snap Map developing into a powerful platform for connecting our community with places and services in the real world, creating a durable foundation for local commerce and advertising over time. The innovation we delivered across new conversation starters, content sharing, Lenses and Snap Map all contributed to the growth in our global community in Q1, with global daily active users and monthly active users both growing 5% year-over-year in Q1. Advertising execution improved in Q1, led by continued strength with SMBs and better performance across our lower-funnel products. Large advertisers in North America remained a headwind, but we are beginning to see early signs of improvement as performance gains are more fully reflected in third-party measurement systems and as newer inventory in Chat is more widely adopted. Our focus is on three priorities: improving performance and measurement across the core ad platform, expanding new inventory and translating those gains into broader advertiser adoption and larger commitments. First, we continue to make meaningful progress improving performance across our core direct response products. Growth in Q1 was led by lower-funnel solutions and by performance-oriented advertisers responding to stronger ROI. Dynamic Product Ads revenue grew more than 30% year-over-year, while adoption among small- and medium-sized customers more than doubled. We also saw strong momentum in app advertising, where goal-based bidding revenue grew 27% year-over-year, and App Purchases revenue grew 87% year-over-year. Across Pixel Purchase campaigns, 7-day purchases generated per dollar of ad spend grew more than 23% year-over-year, which we view as a sign that conversion efficiency is improving. These gains are being driven by continued progress in AI, ranking, retrieval, and automation across the ad platform. Nearly 70% of advertising spend now uses at least one of our AI-powered automation solutions including Smart Audience, Smart Budget or Smart Placement, which gives us confidence that these improvements are benefiting a broad share of the business. In Q1, we launched LLM-based user intent understanding for Dynamic Product Ads retrieval, which improved Pixel Purchase conversions by more than 2%, and multimodal similar product retrieval using a vision-language model fine-tuned on Snap data, which delivered an additional high single-digit lift in DPA purchase conversions. We also upgraded our App Re-engagement model with stronger foundational user embeddings and a new multi-task architecture, increasing purchase conversions by approximately 2% while improving CPA by nearly 9%. Together, these changes are making the platform more effective at matching the right advertiser, product and creative with the right Snapchatter at the right moment. Measurement remains a critical priority, particularly for large advertisers and agencies. It is not enough for our internal systems to show better performance; those gains need to be reflected in the third-party measurement tools that advertisers use to evaluate spend and allocate budgets. Over the past year, we have made progress closing long-standing measurement gaps so that external systems more accurately reflect the performance we are delivering. According to Measured, median iROAS on Snapchat grew 104% from the April through September 2025 test period to the October 2025 through March 2026 test period. This matters because larger advertisers typically move budgets only after platform improvements are validated externally. Second, we are expanding inventory in places where Snapchatters are already taking action. Sponsored Snaps continues to demonstrate the potential of bringing brands into the Chat experience in a way that feels native to Snapchat while also creating a meaningful new surface for performance advertising. We are scaling this surface carefully, with a focus on preserving the quality and frequency of close-friend communication. In Q1, nearly 75% of U.S. Chat daily active users viewed ads in Chat and roughly one-third of Sponsored Snaps reach was unique to Chat, clearly demonstrating that Chat is driving meaningful incremental reach. We are seeing encouraging performance from Sponsored Snaps. In Q1, per-impression click-through rate improved 226% and 7-day conversion volume increased 59%. While this remains an early opportunity, those results suggest that Chat can support both scale and measurable performance over time. Building on this momentum, we introduced AI Sponsored Snaps, a new format that enables brands to engage Snapchatters through interactive, AI-powered conversations in Chat and extends our strategy of delivering more personalized, high-intent advertising experiences. We are also encouraged by the progress we are seeing with Promoted Places, which helps connect digital discovery on Snapchat with real-world action. Early campaigns generated more than 20 million incremental visits and double-digit growth in foot traffic. For example, Carl's Jr. achieved an 18% lift in incremental visits alongside gains in ad awareness and brand favorability. We believe products like Sponsored Snaps and Promoted Places can expand our lower-funnel footprint over time by adding more differentiated inventory while creating more measurable outcomes for advertisers. Third, we are continuing to grow and diversify our advertiser base. Over the past three years, the number of current SMB advertisers on our platform has nearly tripled. And in Q1, SMBs grew spend by more than 30% year-over-year in North America. SMBs accounted for more than 30% of global ad revenue and remained our largest ad growth driver for the seventh consecutive quarter. This continues to reflect strong product-market fit in the segment, as well as the improvements we are making in onboarding, automation and advertiser support. At the same time, large advertisers in North America remained a headwind to advertising growth in Q1. We are not satisfied with that outcome, but we are beginning to see encouraging signs that this part of the business is improving. As measurement systems have time to reflect the performance gains we have delivered, and as newer inventory becomes available at greater scale, we are seeing better traction with large customers. North America upfront commitments for 2026 grew approximately 10% year-over-year, which we view as an important sign that agencies and advertisers are increasingly willing to invest as performance and measurement improve. At the same time, we want to be clear that recovery among larger North American advertisers remains early and uneven. These customers typically make planning and investment decisions on quarterly or semiannual cycles, which means revenue often lags underlying improvements in performance. Overall, Q1 marked important progress in strengthening the foundation of our advertising business. We improved performance across key direct response products, made meaningful progress in measurement and continue to scale new inventory that expands both reach and conversion opportunity. These gains are already driving stronger results with SMBs and performance advertisers, and we are beginning to see early signs that larger advertisers in North America are responding as well. While there is still work to do, we believe the progress we made in Q1 positions us well to drive broader adoption and more durable revenue growth over time. In Q1, we continued to diversify our top line with other revenue reaching $285 million, up 87% year-over-year and representing a 25 percentage point acceleration over the prior quarter growth rate. Memories storage was an important driver of this acceleration, and we are encouraged to see that a larger-than-anticipated share of new subscribers acquired through Memories are choosing higher-ARPU subscription offerings, including Snapchat+. This performance reflects the increasing value of our subscription products as we continue to introduce features that enhance the user experience and create differentiated value for our community. We view subscriptions as strategically important for three reasons. First, they deepen our direct relationship with Snapchatters. Second, they help diversify revenue by adding a business line that is less exposed to the advertising cycle. Third, they can be attractive from a margin and cash generation perspective as we scale. We are strengthening the long-term foundation of our subscription strategy by creating new subscription tiers and offerings, including Lens+, AI-powered Lens interactions for deepening user engagement and increasingly serving as a natural discovery layer for premium AI-powered experiences. Lens+ is emerging as a key extension of this strategy, offering subscribers access to exclusive lenses and AI-powered features. Early traction has been encouraging with Lens+ contributing to higher subscription ARPU and gross margin expansion. We continue to innovate on additional direct value propositions for our community, including the launch of Creator Subscriptions in Q1. We believe this offering can deepen creator engagement on Snapchat, strengthen relationships between creators and their audiences and further diversify our revenue streams over time. We are excited about the upcoming launch of Specs and our mission to make computing more human. For more than a decade, we believe that smart glasses will be the most important computing platform transition since the smartphone. Snap is uniquely positioned to shape that future because we bring together a scaled augmented reality platform, a large developer ecosystem and a vertically integrated software and hardware stack through Lens Studio, Snap OS and Specs. Over the past year, we continued to improve our platform with major Snap OS updates, new tools and APIs for developers and new experiences that expand what is possible on Specs across learning, gaming, utility and AI-powered assistance. We are also seeing encouraging momentum in our developer ecosystem with a number of lenses submitted for Specs, increasing 28% year-over-year. We are inspired by the range of Lens experiences developers are building for Specs. Early examples include Fossils from XR company VyuXR Immersive Studios, an interactive AR learning experience that uses spatial puzzle mechanics to let users uncover and assemble prehistoric fossils while bringing extinct animals to life; Artel from Yegor Ryabstov, an AR drawing app that lets users create in 3D space with a wide range of brushes, colors and effects and now includes physics-based interactions that allow drawings to respond to gravity and motion; and The Heist by GrowPile, a co-located AR puzzle game in which players solve changing modules and challenges to disarm an anti-theft system, either solo or with others on Specs or mobile. We look forward to sharing more as we get closer to launch, and we hope you will join us at Augmented World Expo on June 16 as we continue our work to make computing more human. I'd now like to turn the call over to Derek to discuss our financial results. This will be Derek's last earnings call at Snap, and I want to thank him for his leadership and contributions to our team over the past eight years.

Thank you, Evan. I really appreciate the kind words, and thank you, everybody, for joining our call today. In Q1, we demonstrated substantial financial progress with revenue at the top end of our guidance range, gross margins expanding year-over-year and adjusted EBITDA materially favorable to our prior guidance. More broadly, we believe Q1 provides early evidence that the strategic framework we laid out last fall is beginning to translate into more durable revenue growth, a more efficient cost structure and a clear path to net income profitability. Total revenue was $1.53 billion in Q1, up 12% year-over-year. Other revenue increased 87% year-over-year to $285 million in Q1, driven primarily by continued momentum in Snapchat+ subscriptions, strong adoption of our newer offerings such as Memories Storage, and early traction from Lens+. Advertising revenue reached $1.24 billion in Q1, up 3% year-over-year, driven primarily by growth in direct response advertising revenue, partially offset by continued headwinds in the North America large client advertising business, and an approximately $20 million to $25 million impact from the geopolitical headwinds in the Middle East experienced during March. Global impression volume increased approximately 17% year-over-year, while total eCPMs have declined approximately 12% year-over-year. These dynamics are driven by the rapid growth in Sponsored Snaps as well as a mix shift in impression delivery towards Spotlight. These factors are driving strong impression growth and improved advertiser performance but have created a near-term headwind as we work to build demand for these newer surfaces and ad units. We believe these dynamics are positive for the long-term health of the platform as improved pricing and performance are key inputs to building demand over time. Adjusted cost of revenue was $662 million in Q1, up 4% year-over-year. Total infrastructure costs were $401 million in Q1, up 7% year-over-year, driven primarily by community growth, strategic investments in AI model training and monetization serving costs. The remaining components of adjusted cost of revenue were $261 million in Q1 or 17% of revenue, which is in line with our full year cost structure guidance range, an improvement of 2 percentage points year-over-year. These operational efficiencies contributed to adjusted gross margin improving 3 percentage points year-over-year to reach 57% in Q1, which we believe puts us on track for achieving our goal of 60% or better for fiscal 2026. Adjusted operating expenses were $633 million in Q1, up 2% year-over-year. The growth was driven primarily by a 7% increase in personnel costs, which was partially offset by reductions in community growth marketing as we continue to calibrate investments in community growth with the long-term monetization potential of each geography. Adjusted EBITDA was $233 million in Q1, an improvement of $125 million compared to the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA flow-through — the percentage of year-over-year revenue growth that flowed through to adjusted EBITDA — was 75% in Q1. We view this elevated flow-through as a clear demonstration of our pivot to profitability becoming evident in our financial results. Net loss was $89 million in Q1 compared to $140 million in the prior year. The $51 million year-over-year improvement largely reflects the flow-through of the $125 million improvement in adjusted EBITDA, partially offset by a $49 million gain on debt extinguishment recognized in the prior year and a $24 million increase in net interest expense due to the high-yield notes issued in the prior year. Stock-based compensation and related payroll expenses were $263 million in Q1, which represents a modest decline year-over-year. We are focused on reducing SBC as a percentage of revenue and limiting dilution through disciplined equity compensation and opportunistic repurchases. We continue to manage our share count carefully with $350 million in share repurchases completed in Q1, which helped limit share count growth to 3.5%. We ended Q1 with approximately $2.8 billion in cash and marketable securities and had $400 million remaining in our previously authorized share repurchase program as of the end of Q1. Free cash flow was $286 million in Q1, while operating cash flow was $327 million. Over the trailing 12 months, free cash flow was $609 million, and operating cash flow was $831 million, as we continue to execute on translating top-line growth into sustained growth in cash flow. Taken together, we believe our Q1 financial results provide early proof points that continued revenue diversification and improved cost discipline will support a more durable and profitable business over time. We also recognize that investor expectations are increasingly centered on the pace at which this progress translates into meaningful GAAP results. In April, we took the difficult but necessary action to make Snap a faster, more focused and more efficient company. As a result, we expect to reduce our annualized cost structure by more than $500 million in the second half of 2026. We believe these actions establish a clearer path to net income profitability while prioritizing investment in the highest conviction opportunities across Snap. As we move into Q2, we remain focused on accelerating our top line, growing our community, deepening engagement, improving financial efficiency and advancing to our commercial launch of Specs later this year. Our guidance range for revenue in Q2 is $1.52 billion to $1.55 billion. Our revenue guidance range assumes no contribution from Perplexity as we amicably ended the relationship in Q1. Our guidance range also assumes that the operating environment in the Middle East region remains consistent relative to the magnitude of the headwinds we experienced in March and April, but we caution that the trajectory of the geopolitical situation in the region is uncertain. On the cost side, we anticipate that infrastructure costs will grow modestly year-over-year in Q2, while remaining on track toward our full year cost structure guidance. All other cost of revenue is expected to remain in line with our full year cost structure guidance at 16% to 17% of revenue in Q2. From a personnel cost perspective, our recently announced restructuring will have a partial period benefit in Q2, while the reduction in our adjusted operating expenses and SBC will be more fully reflected in Q3 and beyond. As a result, we estimate that adjusted EBITDA will be between $175 million and $200 million in Q2. We also anticipate that we will incur pretax restructuring charges of between $95 million and $130 million related to our recent restructuring and that the majority of these costs will be incurred in Q2, which will be a headwind to net income in this period. Lastly, we continue to monitor the evolving legal and regulatory landscape in the United States and internationally. Areas of focus include age assurance, data use, privacy, advertising practices and online safety. While outcomes remain uncertain, these developments may result in changes to our products and business practices, which could increase compliance and legal costs over time and may also impact user growth and engagement. Thank you, and we will now take your questions.

The first question comes from Ross Sandler with Barclays.

The Q2 revenue guidance has a couple of points of acceleration baked in at the high end. I'm curious — given what you said about the Middle East, what's driving that potential improving growth rate? Is it the ad business? Is it Snapchat+? Any additional color there? And then, Evan, I'm sure you saw the activist deck that was released. I'm curious to get your take on some of the suggestions that were in that around cost improvement, monetization and governance. What's your take on that?

Thanks, Ross. I'll take the first one there on guidance. It's worthwhile to contextualize the growth rates in Q1 and then what we're expecting in Q2. In Q1, a couple of different factors affected the growth rate. One is we had about a two-point FX tailwind, but we also had the impact of the conflict in the Middle East that really impacted the business in March. Those two are largely offsetting with the headwind on the Middle East side being similar on a year-over-year basis. That left us with a 12% growth rate, which was a two percentage point acceleration over Q4 and at the very high end of our guidance range, with the strength there driven largely by the subscription business and the momentum we saw there in Q1. As we move into Q2, there are a few different factors. First, the comparables on the growth rate in the prior year are a tailwind into Q2 of approximately five points from the prior year, but that's essentially fully offset by a diminished FX tailwind going from about two percent to about one point approximately. And then also, we expect that the headwinds that we're seeing from the conflict in the Middle East will be a full-quarter impact in Q2 relative to a single-month impact in Q1. Those two factors combined offset the comps. So with those factors set aside, you're really left with a two-point acceleration at the midpoint of the guide relative to Q1. I would attribute that to the strength that we are seeing in the North America ads business. We've been talking for some time about the improvements in pricing and yields that advertisers are enjoying there and the progress we've made with the ad platform and the improving ROAS that folks are seeing there. We saw that translate into really improved upfront commitments in Q1, and we noted in the letter that those commitments were up about 10% year-over-year, which is encouraging, and that's starting to show up in the top line. That gave us the confidence to include that acceleration in the guide for Q2, driven largely by the North America ads business. Hopefully that gives you good context on what we're seeing from quarter-to-quarter and what's driving the acceleration.

Ross, thanks for the question. We're really grateful for input from our shareholders. I think we've taken some strong actions already to operate with better discipline to improve profitability and sharpen capital allocation. Fundamentally, we think our job is to operate the business in the long-term interest of our shareholders, and we're going to continue to invest against our core long-term opportunity.

The next question comes from Michael Nathanson with MoffettNathanson.

I have two questions. One, we cover Roku and CTV, and as Roku has added third-party DSPs they've been able to accelerate ad growth because the walled gardens are hard to compete against. Have you thought about opening your inventory up for more sellers on the DSP side to encourage more dense auctions? Why or why not? And then on Snapchat+, it's impressive what you guys are doing. Is there any color you can give on who these users are, where they're coming from, and the pricing dynamics — in particular the ability to raise prices here. Anything you can give us on the sustainability of Snapchat+ would be great.

Thanks for the question. On the DSP side, we believe the advertiser relationship is very important strategically, especially as we've diversified with small and medium customers and focused more on lower-funnel objectives. There may be some opportunity around upper-funnel video demand that we've been considering, but we must carefully think through channel conflict and how to grow that demand while continuing to build strong direct advertiser relationships. Scaling through partners is important, and as Derek mentioned, we see some opportunity with agencies and by working more closely with them. We're pleased to see growth in those upfront commitments. On Snapchat+, the growth is really exciting. There are a couple of different ways to look at the long-term opportunity. One is increased tiers of Snapchat+. We've seen strong momentum with Lens+, which is really anchored around our AI creative and editing tools in the camera, and that could be a big opportunity long term. It's a higher-priced offering with real customer value, given our strength in the camera and Lens ecosystem. So tiering is certainly one approach. We also continue to see growth as we roll out new features. Our community loves the product and constantly asks for new and differentiated ways to use Snapchat. As we respond to those requests and continue to build out new features, that tends to drive subscriber growth. With the introduction of Memories, we have seen overall retention for Snapchat+ improve as well, which is helping the long-term growth and durability of the subscription products.

The next question comes from Doug Anmuth with JPMorgan.

This is Maggie on for Doug. Can you talk a bit more about the broader opportunity you see with AI Sponsored Snaps and what you're hearing from advertisers in terms of overall interest?

Thanks, Maggie. Advertiser feedback has been really positive. Sponsored Snaps are showing that Chat can be monetized in a way that feels native to Snapchat. Brands are loving the combination of very high reach and high attention, especially given how frequently users engage on Snapchat throughout the day. Strategically, Sponsored Snaps are not just another inventory pool; they give us a differentiated environment where brands can engage users in a more direct and personal way. AI Sponsored Snaps extend that by making those interactions more useful and relevant over time. Looking forward, the roadmap is about careful expansion of capability, improving demand and yield on Sponsored Snaps, adding more direct response features and continuing to work with new partners to evolve the AI Sponsored Snap product.

The next question comes from Rich Greenfield with LightShed Partners.

It looks like your North American ad business was down about 7%, with the overall growth driven by subscription. How much of that decline in ad revenue is being caused by the drop in North American DAUs versus the transition you discussed toward performance advertising? Fundamentally, can you grow North American ad revenue without reversing the trend in users? And given the growth in subscriptions, how are you balancing focus on subscriptions versus the ad business overall?

Thanks, Rich. At a high level, the North America DAU trend has been improving over the past two quarters after we pulled back on broad-based user acquisition spend. We currently forecast something like a decline of one million daily active users in North America in Q2, but we also see a path to flat quarter-over-quarter if we can continue to land product improvements. More interestingly, monetizable daily active users — meaning users who see an ad or make an in-app purchase or have a subscription — have actually grown in North America and the U.S. over the past two years, with a meaningful increase from the launch of Sponsored Snaps, which extended ad reach into the messaging surface. Overall, monetizable user trends have been improving, while the North America large customer business has struggled and put some downward pressure on the overall ad business. Encouragingly, the North America SMB business grew approximately 30% year-over-year in Q1. We're focused on the large customer segment, especially around upper-funnel brand advertising, and with new leadership in place we want to see more progress there through the year. The direct revenue opportunity is also very large given the frequency of use and the passion our community has for Snapchat. We're continuing to develop the product offering and create new tiers, which we think can contribute to increasing overall subscription ARPU.

The following question comes from Nitin Bansal with Bank of America.

Snapchat+ subscriber growth and revenue growth has remained quite strong. You mentioned Memories and Lens+ are key drivers. How sustainable do you believe the current growth trajectory is over the medium term? Do you see additional opportunities to deepen monetization and retention as the feature set expands?

We're really excited about the growth in direct revenue, and we do think the subscription business and in-app purchases can continue to contribute to our overall revenue growth. The importance for us is focusing on the user experience and delivering things our users view as valuable. Recent additions like Creator Subscriptions strengthen the content ecosystem by building deeper relationships between users and creators, creating new monetization paths and contributing to direct revenue. Lens+ is a meaningful opportunity given the momentum around AI creative tools and AI editing for images and videos, which can help drive ARPU higher over time. The core Snapchat+ offering is important, and we're encouraged to see that users who enter through the Memories Storage entry point often select into higher tiers, which has helped retention and overall subscription growth. We believe these dynamics can be sustainable as we continue to expand useful, differentiated features.

The next question comes from Mark Shmulik with Bernstein.

On direct revenue, you've suggested it may not be the business you set out to build, but it might be one you're best positioned to deliver. With the imminent launch of Specs, is there a different way to think about what Snapchat looks like 12 to 24 months from now versus six to 12 months ago?

That's an inspiring question and something we've thought about a lot. We've worked on Specs for many years, and we've always believed we can build products our community wants to buy. Seeing that reflected in direct revenue and Snapchat+ has increased our confidence. Demonstrating that our community is willing to pay for innovation bodes well for the future of the platform and Specs. More diversified revenue should help create a more resilient business over time, and we're excited about the opportunities Specs opens up for new experiences and monetization approaches.

The next question comes from Eric Sheridan with Goldman Sachs.

Can you talk about the execution pieces that still have to be put in place for the Specs rollout later this year? Also, can you discuss the Qualcomm collaboration and how to think about where you want to go as a platform and ecosystem? Lastly, how should we think about agentic AI as an interface for Specs over the longer term?

Great questions. Looking ahead to the launch of Specs later this year, it's all hands on deck to execute and deliver an amazing product experience. We'll have more to share at Augmented World Expo on June 16. We're spending a lot of time on the long-term roadmap. The way people use computers is changing dramatically, and we expect that to be evident in the adoption of wearables and Specs over time because people will spend less time hunched over phones and laptops and more time supervising agents doing work on their behalf. We built an Agent Center Lens that lets you oversee and manage agents through Specs with the current developer version of the glasses, which is a cool way to stay on top of what your agents are doing without carrying a laptop around. There's a lot of opportunity in how agentic AI can serve as an interface on Specs, and we're excited to get the product out into the world soon.

Our last question comes from Dan Salmon with New Street Research.

Can you provide an update on how you and the company are addressing various pieces of legislation and litigation globally regarding potential restrictions on teen social media and mobile phone use? We'd love to hear more about age verification work, including with app stores, how your legal and policy teams are approaching the issue as it evolves in different jurisdictions, and how you and the team are planning for different potential outcomes.

Thanks for the question. This is an area we spend a lot of time on, and we invest deeply in safety on Snapchat. We often get lumped in with social media, even though Snapchat is different — it's focused on communication, especially between friends and family — and third-party research continues to show that Snapchat can have a positive impact on well-being and relationships. We're proud of the positive impact we can play in people's lives, and we continue differentiating ourselves from more traditional social media platforms. Age assurance is an important issue and we're continuing to improve it on the platform. We did integrate a new offering that requires users to agree to share their age with Snapchat, which limits its usefulness in some ways. We are exploring additional age assurance practices. We've implemented things like facial scanning and ID verification in Australia, and that's something we may roll out more broadly as regulators and product design allow. We will continue to adapt our approach as the legal and regulatory environment evolves.

This concludes our question-and-answer session as well as Snap Inc.'s First Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call. Thank you for attending today's session. You may now disconnect.