SPWR 10-K
SunPower Inc. (SPWR)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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As of April 28, 2025,
COMPLETE SOLARIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our and our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may include, for example and without limitation, statements about:
| ● | our direct and indirect exposure to companies in the solar and renewable energy industries that are facing financial difficulties and potential bankruptcies; |
| ● | our ability to grow and manage growth profitably following the closing of the Business Combination and the acquisition of the SunPower Businesses; |
| ● | disruptions in our supply chains and distribution channels, tariffs and trade barriers, export regulations, bank failures, geopolitical conflicts and other macroeconomic conditions on our business and operations, results of operations and financial position; |
| ● | our ability to leverage our acquisition under the asset purchase agreement with SunPower and other acquisitions, including our ability to integrate acquired businesses, to fund and meet the liquidity needs of the acquired businesses, to retain key employees of the acquired businesses, to take advantage of growth opportunities and to realize the expected benefits of such acquisitions; |
| ● | the potential impact of changes to and developments relating to the regulations and policies applicable to our business, customers and the industry; |
| ● | changes in the availability of rebates, tax credits and other incentives; |
| ● | changes impacting the demand for solar solutions from residential customers and small and medium-sized businesses, including changes resulting from the current political climate and also changes in the price of electricity from other sources, including traditional utilities; |
| ● | changes in and the volatility of interest rates; |
| ● | our financial and business performance following the Business Combination and the acquisition of the SunPower Businesses, including financial projections and business metrics, and our ability to manage our costs; |
| ● | changes in our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects and plans; |
| ● | our future capital requirements, the sufficiency of our cash, and sources and uses of cash, including cash required to service our current and future borrowings; |
| ● | our ability to obtain funding for our operations and future growth, including in connection with the integration of our acquisitions, and our ability to raise capital and refinance our existing debt; |
ii
| ● | our ability to meet the expectations of new and current customers, and our ability to achieve market acceptance for our products and services, especially in light of the intense competition faced in our industry; |
| ● | our expectations and forecasts with respect to market opportunity and market growth; |
| ● | our expectations and plans relating to cost control efforts (including headcount management and potential reductions) and expectations with respect to when we achieve breakeven operating income; |
| ● | the ability of our products and services to meet customers’ compliance and regulatory needs; |
| ● | our ability to attract and retain qualified employees and management; |
| ● | our ability to develop and maintain our brand and reputation, and our ability to maintain our relationships with key suppliers, installers and build partners; |
| ● | developments and projections relating to our competitors and industry; |
| ● | changes in general economic and financial conditions, inflationary pressures and the resulting impact demand, and our ability to plan for and respond to the impact of those changes; |
| ● | our expectations regarding our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection and not infringe on the rights of others; and |
| ● | our business, expansion plans and opportunities. |
Actual events or results may differ from those expressed in forward-looking statements. You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that may affect our business, financial condition and operating results. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and we cannot predict all risks and uncertainties that could impact the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. While we believe that information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.
The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate only to events as of the date the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments.
iii
SUMMARY RISK FACTORS
| ● | We have a history of losses that may continue in the future; our management has identified conditions that raise substantial doubt about or ability to continue as a going concern; and we may not achieve profitability or generate positive cash flow. | |
| ● | We may need to raise additional funding to finance our operations. This additional financing may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed may force us to curtain planned programs or cease operations entirely. | |
| ● | We have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting. If we are unable to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, the accuracy and timeliness of our financial and operating reporting may be adversely affected, and confidence in our operations and disclosures may be lost. |
| ● | Our failure to prepare and timely file our periodic reports with the SEC limits our access to the public markets to raise debt or equity capital. |
| ● | Changes in international trade policies, tariffs, or trade disputes could significantly and adversely affect our business, revenues, margins, results of operations, and cash flows. |
| ● | Our business depends in part on the availability of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives. The expiration, elimination or reduction of these rebates, credits or incentives or the ability to monetize them could adversely impact the business. |
| ● | Macroeconomic conditions in our domestic and international markets, as well as inflation concerns, instability of financial institutions, rising interest rates, and recessionary concerns may adversely affect our industry, business and financial results. |
| ● | Existing regulations and policies and changes to these regulations and policies may present technical, regulatory, and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar power products, which may significantly reduce demand for our products and services. |
| ● | We rely on net metering and related policies to offer competitive pricing to customers in many of our current markets and changes to net metering policies may significantly reduce demand for electricity from residential solar energy systems. |
| ● | We utilize a limited number of suppliers of solar panels and other system components to adequately meet anticipated demand for our solar service offerings. Any shortage, delay or component price change from these suppliers or delays and price increases associated with the product transport logistics could result in sales and installation delays, cancellations and loss of market share. | |
| ● | Our business substantially focuses on solar service agreements and transactions with residential customers. | |
| ● | We have incurred losses and may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability in the future. |
| ● | A material drop in the retail price of utility-generated electricity or electricity from other sources could adversely impact our ability to attract customers, which would harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. |
| ● | Our growth strategy depends on the widespread adoption of solar power technology. |
| ● | We may not realize the anticipated benefits of past or future acquisitions, including the transactions under the asset purchase agreement with SunPower, and integration of these acquisitions may disrupt our business. |
| ● | Our success depends on the continuing contributions of key personnel, including Thurman J. Rodgers. If we are unable to attract and retain key employees and qualified personnel, our business and prospects could be harmed. |
| ● | Our warranty costs may exceed the warranty reserve. |
| ● | We are subject to legal proceedings and regulatory inquiries and may be named in additional claims or legal proceedings or become involved in regulatory inquiries, all of which are costly, distracting to our core business and could result in an unfavorable outcome or harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or the trading price for our securities. |
| ● | Our directors, executive officers and principal stockholders will continue to have significant influence over our company, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control. | |
| ● | The trading price of our common stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment. | |
| ● | If we fail to meet all applicable requirements of Nasdaq and Nasdaq determines to delist our common stock, the delisting could adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock and the market price of our common stock could decrease. |
| ● | Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt. |
| ● | The conversion features of the Convertible Senior Notes may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. |
| ● | Conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes may dilute the ownership interest of our stockholders or may otherwise depress the price of our common stock. |
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Our Mission
Our mission is to deliver energy-efficient solutions to homeowners and small to medium-sized businesses that allow them to lower their energy bills while reducing their carbon footprint. Complete Solaria, Inc., or Complete Solaria, has created a unique, end-to-end offering that delivers a best-in-class customer experience with a robust technology platform, financing solutions, and high-performance solar modules.
Business Overview
Complete Solaria was formed in November 2022 through the merger of Complete Solar Holding Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Complete Solar”), and The Solaria Corporation, a Delaware corporation (such entity, “Solaria,” and such transaction, the “Business Combination”). Complete Solaria created a technology platform to offer clean energy products to homeowners by enabling a national network of sales partners and build partners. Our sales partners generate solar installation contracts with homeowners on our behalf. To facilitate this process, we provide the software tools, sales support and brand identity to our sales partners, making them competitive with national providers. This turnkey solution makes it easy for anyone to sell solar. We fulfill our customer contracts by engaging with local construction specialists and using our in-house installation experts. We manage the customer experience and complete all pre-construction activities prior to delivering build-ready projects including hardware, engineering plans, and building permits to our builder partners and in-house teams.
In October 2023, we sold solar panel assets of The Solaria Corporation, including intellectual property and customer contracts to Maxeon Solar Technologies, Ltd. (“Maxeon”) pursuant to the terms of an asset purchase agreement (the “Disposal Agreement”). Under the terms of the Disposal Agreement, Maxeon agreed to acquire certain assets and employees of Complete Solaria for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $11.0 million consisting of 1,100,000 shares of Maxeon ordinary shares.
We expect to continue making acquisitions and entering into strategic partnerships as part of our long-term business strategy. For example, on August 5, 2024, Complete Solaria entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “APA”) among Complete Solaria, SunPower Corporation (“SunPower”) and SunPower’s direct and indirect subsidiaries (collectively, the “SunPower Debtors”) providing for the sale and purchase of certain assets relating to the Blue Raven Solar business, New Homes Business and Non-Installing Dealer network previously operated by the SunPower Debtors (the “Acquired SunPower Assets”). The APA was entered into in connection with a voluntary petition filed by SunPower under Chapter 11 of the United States Code, 11 U.S.C.§§ 101-1532. The sale by SunPower was approved on September 23, 2024, by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. The Company completed the acquisition of the Acquired SunPower Assets effective September 30, 2024. The acquisition transactions under the APA are referred to herein as the “Acquisition,” and the assets and businesses acquired by the Company under the APA are referred to as the “SunPower Businesses.” The acquisition was closed on September 30, 2024. As part of the acquisition the Company acquired Albatross, an order-to-management proprietary software to manage our orders, fulfillment and customer service all in one central location.
Revenue Model
We offer Solar System Sales and Installation to residential homeowners and the New Home Builders’ community. The SunPower acquisition will allow us to accelerate our revenue growth, and expand our footprint to deliver solar system sales into regions where we might have not previously done business.
Solar System Sales: Complete Solaria sells solar systems to homeowners, home builders and small to medium-sized commercial customers through third-party sales partners. Complete Solaria manages every aspect of project management for those contracts before ultimately contracting with builder partners or using in-house installation experts to complete the construction and installation of the solar systems. This residential solar platform provides homeowners with simple pricing for solar energy that provides significant savings compared to traditional utility energy. Homeowners can choose from a wide array of system features and financing options that best meet their needs. By delivering the best-matched products and a best-in-class customer experience, Complete Solaria establishes valuable customer relationships that can extend beyond the initial solar energy system purchase and provide Complete Solaria with opportunities to offer additional products and services in the future.
1
Technology Innovation
Since its inception, Complete Solaria has continued to invest in a platform of services and tools to enable large-scale operations for sales and builder partners. The platform incorporates processes and software solutions that simplify and streamline design, proposals, and project management throughout the lifecycle of a residential solar project. The platform empowers new market entrants and smaller industry participants with its plug-and-play capabilities. The ecosystem Complete Solaria has built provides broad reach, and we believe it positions Complete Solaria for sustained and rapid growth through a capital-efficient business model. The network of our partners continues to expand today.
With the completion of the SunPower acquisition we believe that our ability to fuel innovation and gain operational efficiencies through our priority platform, Albatross, will allow us to service not only our customers more effectively but our sales and installation partners will be able to access real-time data in order to run their business.
Differentiation and Operating Results
Delivering a differentiated customer experience is core to Complete Solaria’s strategy. It emphasizes a customized solution, including a design specific to each customer’s home and pricing configurations that typically drive both customer savings and value. Developing a trusted brand and providing a customized solar service offering resonates with customers accustomed to a traditional residential power market that is often overpriced and lacking in customer choice.
Our overall mission is to deliver energy-efficient solutions to homeowners, home builders and small to medium-sized businesses that allow them to lower their energy bills while reducing their carbon footprint. We want to pass our operational costs savings back to our customers by keeping costs low in an environment where labor costs are rising and interest rates remain uncertain. These operational costs savings are attributed to the workforce that was acquired as part of the SunPower acquisition. We increased our operations center that supports operations, order process, customer care and support, credit and collections, procurement, vendor management and accounting related functions, and have rationalized our headcount.
Our Strategy
Complete Solaria’s strategy focuses on providing its sales partners with the software tools, sales support, and ability to compete effectively with national providers. This turnkey solution makes it easy for anyone to sell solar.
2
Solar System Sales
Solar System Sales are full systems sold to homeowners, home builders and small to medium-sized commercial businesses through Complete Solaria’s sales partner channels. Complete Solaria and its builder partners fulfill and install the systems.
| ● | Increase revenue by expanding installation capacity and developing new geographic markets through Complete Solaria’s partner programs— Certain Complete Solaria partners become builder partners who install systems resulting from sales generated by Complete Solaria’s sales partners. By leveraging this network of skilled builders, in addition to our in-house installation experts, Complete Solaria aims to increase its installation capacity in traditional markets and expand its offering into new geographies throughout the U.S. We believe this will enable greater sales growth in existing markets and create new revenue in expansion markets. |
| ● | Increase revenue and margin by engaging national-scale sales partners—Complete Solaria expects to create a consistent offering with a single execution process for national-scale sales partners throughout their territories, including in territories where Complete Solaria does not currently operate. These national accounts have unique customer relationships that will facilitate meaningful sales opportunities and low acquisition cost to increase revenue and improve margin. |
Our Strengths
The following strengths position Complete Solaria to drive the mass adoption of residential solar in a manner that maximizes the value of its growing customer base over the long term:
| ● | Platform of Services and Tools: A diversified and multi-pronged customer acquisition approach. This infrastructure underpins the ability to enjoy broad customer reach with a low system-wide cost structure and positions Complete Solaria for expansion to every market where distributed solar energy generation can offer homeowners savings versus traditional utility retail power. |
| ● |
Differentiated Customer Experience: We offer a unique customer experience through various methods: customer-friendly solar service features, tailored designs and customizable pricing for each homeowner, a highly consultative sales process, and a focus on customer savings. |
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| ● |
Access to customers through third-party sales channels: The turn-key solar product offering, best-in-class customer service, and national footprint support third-party sales channels and strategic national partnerships. Complete Solaria provides solutions for sales channels seeking to expand their geographic reach and strengthen their relationships with their own customers. | |
| ● | Skilled labor workforce: We invest in safety first and ensure that our labor workforce is not only proficient in construction and energy but has strong communication, problem-solving and customer service skills. This allows them not only to make decisions quickly onsite but allows them to be empowered to service our customers on the spot and timely. |
Customer Service and Operations
Solar System Sales
Complete Solaria has made significant investments to create a platform of services and tools that addresses customer origination, system design and installation, and general customer support. Before a sales representative conducts a consultation, homeowners are pre-qualified based on a preliminary evaluation which considers a homeowner’s credit, home ownership, electricity usage and suitability of the roof based on age, condition, shading and pitch. Once a homeowner is pre-qualified, all necessary data is collected and a proposal is generated for the homeowner. If a homeowner is interested in moving forward, a customer contract is automatically generated for electronic execution. This contract then undergoes a final review and before it is countersigned. Homeowners financing their purchase via a loan, lease or power purchase agreement submit applications to financial institutions and, upon credit approval, execute financing agreements between the homeowner and the financier.
Once an agreement is fully executed, a service tech performs a site audit at the home to inspect the roof and measure shading. This audit follows a final system design plan and an application for any required building permits. The plans are reviewed to ensure they conform to the executed contract or to process a change order if required. A second production estimate is generated at this time and if the expected energy production exceeds or falls below the original estimate by certain thresholds, the homeowner agreement is modified accordingly. To reduce installation costs and operational risk, there are defined design and installation quality standards designed to ensure that homeowners receive a quality product, regardless of who installs the system.
After the solar panels are installed, the customer care team follows up with the homeowner with a survey on their experience. If a system requires maintenance, Complete Solaria or a partner or dedicated service-only contractor will visit the customer’s home and perform any necessary repairs or maintenance at no additional cost to the customer.
3
Software Enhanced Services
Complete Solaria’s partners are third-party Sales organizations that use the design and proposal services for their residential solar projects. Complete Solaria staffs a sales support desk six days a week to provide live customer support for sales representatives who need a design or proposal for a potential homeowner sale. These customer support teams rapidly produce proposals, answer questions, and offer other forms of support for sales personnel.
Suppliers
The main components of a residential solar energy system are the solar modules, inverters, and racking systems. Complete Solaria generally purchases these components from select distributors, which are then shipped to build partners for installation. There is a running list of approved suppliers in the event any of the sources for modules, inverters or other components become unavailable. If Complete Solaria fails to develop, maintain, and expand relationships with these or other suppliers, the ability to meet anticipated demand for solar energy systems may be adversely affected, or at higher costs or delayed. If one or more of the suppliers ceases or reduces production due to its financial condition, acquisition by a competitor or otherwise, it may be difficult to identify alternate suppliers quickly or to qualify alternative products on commercially reasonable terms, and the ability to satisfy this demand may be adversely affected.
Complete Solaria screens all suppliers and components based on expected cost, reliability, warranty coverage, ease of installation, etc. The declining cost of solar modules and the raw materials necessary to manufacture them have been a key driver in the prices charged for electricity and homeowner adoption of solar energy. If solar module and raw material prices do not continue to decline at the same rate as they have over the past several years, the resulting prices could slow growth and cause financial results to suffer. If Complete Solaria is required to pay higher prices for supplies, accept less favorable terms, or purchase solar modules or other system components from alternative, higher-priced sources, financial results may be adversely affected.
Complete Solaria and its build partners are responsible for and source the other products related to solar energy systems, such as fasteners, wiring and electrical fittings. From time-to-time, Complete Solaria procures these other products related to solar energy systems for its own installation business. Complete Solaria manages inventory through just-in-time delivery, at local warehouses, and as segregated inventory at build partners.
The main components of a residential solar module are the solar cells. Complete Solaria’s solar modules are generally manufactured by third-party select manufacturers and are purchased from distributors.
Complete Solaria screens all suppliers and components based on expected cost, reliability, warranty coverage, ease of installation, and other factors. It typically enters into master contract arrangements with major suppliers that define the general terms and conditions of purchases, including warranties, product specifications, indemnities, delivery and other customary terms.
Competition
Solar System Sales
Complete Solaria’s primary competitors are the traditional utilities that supply electricity to potential customers. It competes with these traditional utilities primarily based on price (cents per kilowatt hour), predictability of future prices (by providing pre-determined annual price escalations) and the ease by which homeowners can switch to electricity generated by solar energy systems. Based on these factors, Complete Solaria competes favorably with many traditional utilities.
4
Complete Solaria competes for homeowner customers with other solar sales and installation companies and with solar companies with business models that are similar to Complete Solaria’s. Complete Solaria’s main competitors can be grouped broadly into (a) national, vertically integrated companies with established brands and proprietary consumer financing products; (b) small, local solar contractors who operate with relatively low fixed overhead expenses but who may lack systems, tools, and sophisticated product offerings; and (c) sales aggregators who engage with third-party sales companies to generate installation contracts. Complete Solaria competes favorably with these companies, with (a) better customer experience and better Sales Partner experience than the national vertically integrated companies; (b) better pricing and broader customer offerings than smaller local solar contractors; and (c) a better build partner experience than sales aggregators.
Complete Solaria also faces competition from purely finance-driven organizations that acquire homeowner customers and then subcontract out the installation of solar energy systems, installation businesses that seek financing from external parties, large construction companies and utilities and sophisticated electrical and roofing companies. At the same time, the open platform provides opportunities for these competitors to become partners, and the open platform offers these new market participants a cost-effective way to enter the market and compelling process, technology and supply chain services over the long term.
Intellectual Property
Complete Solaria seeks to protect its intellectual property rights by relying on federal, state and common law rights in the U.S. and other countries, as well as contractual restrictions. It generally enters into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with employees and contractors, and confidentiality agreements with other third parties, in order to limit access to, and disclosure and use of, confidential information and proprietary technology. In addition to these contractual arrangements, Complete Solaria also relies on a combination of trademarks, trade dress, domain names, copyrights, and trade secrets to help protect the brand and other intellectual property.
Government Regulations and Incentives
Governments have used different public policy mechanisms to accelerate the adoption and use of solar power. Examples of customer-focused financial mechanisms include capital cost rebates, performance-based incentives, feed-in tariffs, tax credits, renewable portfolio standards, net metering, and carbon regulations. Some of these government mandates and economic incentives are scheduled to be reduced or to expire or could be eliminated. Capital cost rebates provide funds to customers based on the cost and size of a customer’s solar power system. Performance-based incentives provide funding to a customer based on the energy produced by their solar power system. Feed-in tariffs pay customers for solar power system generation based on energy produced at a rate generally guaranteed for a period of time. Tax credits reduce a customer’s taxes at the time the taxes are due. Renewable portfolio standards mandate that a certain percentage of electricity delivered to customers comes from eligible renewable energy resources. Net metering allows customers to deliver to the electric grid any excess electricity produced by their on-site solar power systems and to be credited for that excess electricity at or near the full retail price of electricity. Carbon regulations, including cap-and-trade and carbon pricing programs, increase the cost of fossil fuels, which release climate-altering carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions during combustion.
In addition to the mechanisms described above, there are various incentives for homeowners and businesses to adopt solar power in The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Moreover, in Europe, the European Commission has mandated that its member states adopt integrated national climate and energy plans to increase their renewable energy targets to be achieved by 2030, which could benefit the deployment of solar. However, the U.S. and European Union, among others, have imposed tariffs or other import duties on solar products, or are evaluating the imposition of such duties on solar panels, solar cells, polysilicon, and other components. These import duties may offset the incentives described above and increase the price of Complete Solaria’s solar products.
5
Employees and Human Capital Resources
As of December 29, 2024, Complete Solaria had over 600 employees on a full-time basis, of that total approximately 534 joined Complete Solaria as part of the SunPower acquisition. Complete Solaria also engages independent contractors and consultants. No employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. There have not been any work stoppages.
Complete Solaria’s human capital resources objectives include identifying, recruiting, retaining, training, and integrating its existing and new employees. The principal purposes of Complete Solaria’s equity incentive plans are to attract, retain and motivate personnel through the granting of equity-based awards, increasing stockholder value and the success of Complete Solaria by motivating such individuals to perform to the best of their abilities and achieve Complete Solaria’s objectives.
Facilities
Complete Solaria’s corporate headquarters and executive offices are located in Fremont, California and it also maintains offices in Orem, Utah.
Complete Solaria leases all the facilities and owns no real property. Complete Solaria believes that current facilities are adequate to meet ongoing needs. If additional space is required, Complete Solaria believes that it will be able to obtain additional facilities on commercially reasonable terms.
U.S. Corporate Information
We were originally known as Freedom Acquisition I Corp (“FACT”). We are engaged in solar system sales and associated commerce. On July 18, 2023, Complete Solaria, FACT, and certain other entities consummated the transactions contemplated under that certain amended and restated Business Combination Agreement, dated as of May 26, 2023, following the approval at the special meeting of the stockholders of FACT held July 11, 2023. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, we changed our name from Freedom Acquisition I Corp. to Complete Solaria, Inc.
Our principal executive offices are located at 45700 Northport Loop E, Fremont, CA 94538, and our telephone number is (510) 270-2507.
Access to Company Information
We file or furnish periodic reports and amendments thereto, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In addition, the SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically. Complete Solar’s internet address is https://www.completesolaria.com. Through our internet website, we make available, free of charge, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports have been filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information on our website is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before deciding to invest in our securities. If any of the events or developments described below were to occur, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could suffer materially, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business.
You should not interpret our disclosure of any of the following risks to imply that such risks have not already materialized.
6
Risks Related to our Businesses and Industry
We have a history of losses that may continue in the future; our management has identified conditions that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern; and we may not achieve profitability or generate positive cash flow.
Since our inception, we have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations. We incurred net losses of $56.5 million and $269.6 million, during the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $411.4 million, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $56.1 million, current debt of $1.5 million, and notes payable and derivative liabilities, net of current portion of $145.8 million, respectively, as of December 29, 2024, as well as other current and long-term liabilities (including the $6.9 million liability we recorded relating to a litigation matter with Siemens). We had cash and cash equivalents of $13.4 million as of December 29, 2024, which were held for working capital expenditures. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern requires that we obtain sufficient funding, either through external financial transactions or cash flows generated from operations, to meet our obligations and finance our operations.
If we are not able to secure adequate additional funding, either through external financial transactions or cash flows generated from operations, when needed, we will need to reevaluate our operating plan and may be forced to make reductions in spending, extend payment terms with suppliers, liquidate assets where possible, or suspend or curtail planned programs or cease operations entirely. These actions could materially impact our business, results of operations and future prospects. There can be no assurance that in the event we require additional financing, such financing will be available on terms that are favorable, or at all.
We may not achieve profitability or positive cash flow for a number of reasons, including declines in revenue, as well as increases in costs of our products, U.S. and global macroeconomic trends, including with respect to the impact of U.S. trade tariffs and the imposition of additional tariffs applicable to our industry or our products. In addition, we may be unable to identify further cost savings opportunities below present levels that would not adversely impact the functioning of our existing operations needed to meet customer and regulatory requirements. If we fail to generate sufficient revenue to support our operations, we may not be able to achieve profitability or generate sufficient cash flow to meet our financial obligations and our liquidity position will be negatively impacted. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (1) Organization – (c) Liquidity and Going Concern” for a further discussion of the other factors that may impact our liquidity position.
Failure to generate sufficient cash flows from operations, raise additional capital or reduce certain discretionary spending would have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our intended business objectives.
We may need to raise additional funding to finance our operations. This additional financing may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed may force us to curtail planned programs or cease operations entirely.
Our operations have consumed significant amounts of cash since inception. We expect to incur significant operating expenses as we continue to grow our business, including expenses incurred in connection with acquisitions and the further integration of acquired businesses, including the SunPower Businesses. We believe that our operating losses and negative operating cash flows will continue into the foreseeable future.
We had cash and cash equivalents of $13.4 million as of December 29, 2024. Our cash position raises substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern for 12 months after the consolidated financial statements issuance. Further, we cannot guarantee that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund our operations or liquidity needs. Over time, we expect that we will need to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-related or debt securities or through obtaining credit from financial institutions to fund, together with our principal sources of liquidity, any significant unplanned or accelerated expenses and new strategic investments.
We will require substantial additional capital to continue operations. Such additional capital might not be available when we need it and our actual cash requirements might be greater than anticipated. Additionally, the ability to raise additional financing depends on numerous factors that are outside our control, including general economic and market conditions, interest rates, the health of financial institutions, investors’ and lenders’ assessments of our prospects and the prospects of the solar industry in general. We cannot be certain that additional capital will be available on attractive terms, if at all, when needed, which could be dilutive to stockholders, and our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. If the financial markets become difficult or costly to access, including due to rising interest rates, inflation, fluctuations in exchange rates or other changes in geopolitical or economic conditions, including, without limitation, with respect to tariffs and trade policies, our ability to raise additional capital may be negatively impacted. Our failure to raise capital in the future would have a negative impact on our ability to expand our business.
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Raising additional funds may cause dilution to existing stockholders and/or may restrict our operations or require us to relinquish proprietary rights.
To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders may experience substantial dilution, and the terms of these issued securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our existing common stockholders. For example, we may issue debt or equity securities under our shelf registration statement, through our at-the-market offering facility, through our equity line of credit with White Lion, or we may issue additional debt or equity securities in private transactions. Any agreements for future debt or preferred equity financings, if available, may involve covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as raising additional capital, incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. Our ability to use our at-the-market offering facility may be constrained by the size of our non-affiliate market capitalization, our trading volume and other factors, and there can be no assurance regarding the price at which we will be able to sell such shares, and any sales of our common stock under our at-the-market offering facility may be at prices that result in additional dilution to our existing stockholders. If we incur additional debt, the debt holders, together with holders of our outstanding Convertible Senior Notes (as defined below), would have rights senior to holders of common stock to make claims on our assets, and the terms of any future debt could restrict our operations, including our ability to pay dividends on our common stock.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting. If we are unable to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, the accuracy and timeliness of our financial and operating reporting may be adversely affected, and confidence in our operations and disclosures may be lost.
In connection with the preparation and audit of our financial statements for the year ended December 29, 2024, our management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that a reasonable possibility exists that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses are as follows:
The Company did not maintain controls to execute the criteria established in the COSO Framework for (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) control activities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring activities.
Each of the control deficiencies identified below constitute material weaknesses, either individually or in the aggregate.
Control Environment. The Company did not maintain an effective control environment and identified the following material weakness: the Company lacked appropriate policies and resources to develop and operate effective internal control over financial reporting and a lack of appropriate and consistent IT policies given the significant volume of financially relevant IT changes, which contributed to the Company’s inability to properly analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately.
This control environment material weakness also contributed to the other material weaknesses identified below.
Risk Assessment. The Company did not design and implement an effective risk assessment and identified a material weakness relating to: (i) identifying, assessing, and communicating appropriate objectives, (ii) identifying and analyzing risks to achieve these objectives, and (iii) identifying and assessing changes in the business that could impact the system of internal controls.
Control Activities. The Company did not design and implement effective control activities and identified the following material weakness:
| ● | Ineffective design and operation of certain control activities due to significant personnel changes throughout 2024. Control deficiencies, which aggregate to a material weakness, occurred within substantially all areas of financial reporting. |
Information and Communication. The Company did not design and implement effective information and communication activities and identified the following material weaknesses:
| ● | The Company did not design and maintain effective general information technology controls over logical access and program change management for our key information systems used to support the financial reporting process. Specifically, management did not maintain effective controls to ensure proper segregation of duties related to user administration and other privileged access functions and in implementing program changes in information systems. Due to the pervasive nature of these deficiencies, business process controls that are dependent upon information from these systems were also not effective. |
| ● | The Company did not have adequate processes and controls for communicating information among the accounting, finance, operations, and legal departments, necessary to support the proper functioning of internal controls. |
Monitoring Activities. The Company did not design and implement effective monitoring activities and identified the following material weaknesses: (i) failure to adequately monitor compliance with accounting policies, procedures and controls related to substantially all areas of financial reporting; and (ii) failure to properly select, develop and perform ongoing evaluations of the components of internal controls (including the monitoring of service providers’ control environments).
These material weaknesses described in the paragraphs above contributed to material accounting errors identified and corrected during the audit of the Company’s financial statements. If we fail to adequately remediate these material weaknesses, there could be material misstatements that may not be prevented or detected.
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We have taken certain steps, such as recruiting additional personnel, in addition to utilizing third-party consultants and specialists, to supplement our internal resources, to enhance our internal control environment and plan to take additional steps to remediate the material weaknesses. Although we plan to complete this remediation process as quickly as possible, we cannot estimate how long it will take. We cannot assure that the measures we have taken to date, and may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to our material weakness in internal control over financial reporting or that such measures will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses.
If we are not able to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, or if material weaknesses are discovered in future periods, a risk that is significantly increased in light of the complexity of our business, we may be unable to accurately and timely report our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or key operating metrics, which could result in late filings of the annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act, restatements of financial statements or other corrective disclosures, an inability to access commercial lending markets, defaults under its secured revolving credit facility and other agreements, or other material adverse effects on our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.
Our failure to prepare and timely file our periodic reports with the SEC limits our access to the public markets to raise debt or equity capital.
We did not file this Annual Report on Form 10-K within the timeframe required by the SEC. Accordingly, we have not remained current in our reporting requirements with the SEC, and we are not currently eligible to use a registration statement on Form S-3 that would allow us to continuously incorporate by reference our SEC reports into the registration statement, to use “shelf” registration statements to conduct offerings, or to use our at-the-market offering facility until approximately one year from the date we have regained and maintain status as a current filer. Our inability to use Form S-3 may significantly impair our ability to raise necessary capital to fund our operations and execute our strategy. If we seek to access the capital markets through a registered offering during the period of time that we are unable to use Form S-3, we may be required to publicly disclose the proposed offering and the material terms thereof before the offering commences, we may experience delays in the offering process due to SEC review of a Form S-1 registration statement and we may incur increased offering and transaction costs and other considerations. If we are unable to raise capital through a registered offering, we would be required to conduct our equity financing transactions on a private placement basis, which may be subject to pricing, size and other limitations imposed under the Nasdaq rules, or seek other sources of capital. The foregoing limitations on our financing approaches could prevent us from pursuing transactions or implementing business strategies that would be beneficial to our business.
Changes in international trade policies, tariffs, or trade disputes could significantly and adversely affect our business, revenues, margins, results of operations, and cash flows.
On February 7, 2018, safeguard tariffs on imported solar cells and modules (“CSPV”) went into effect pursuant to Proclamation 9693, which approved recommendations to provide relief to U.S. manufacturers and impose safeguard tariffs on imported solar cells and modules, based on the investigations, findings, and recommendations of the U.S. International Trade Commission (the “International Trade Commission”). On February 4, 2022, President Biden issued Proclamation 10339 extending the existing safeguard measures on U.S. imports of CSPV products by an additional four years until February 6, 2026. Since 2022, modules are subject to a tariff rate of approximately 15%. Cells are subjected to a tariff-rate quota, under which the first 5 GW of cell imports each year will be exempt from tariffs, and cells imported after the 5 GW quota has been reached will be subject to the same 14.75% tariff as modules in the first year, with the same 0.25% decline in each of the three subsequent years. The tariff-free cell quota applies globally, without any allocation by country or region.
The tariffs could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. While solar cells and modules based on interdigitated back contact technology remain excluded from these safeguard tariffs, our solar products based on other technologies continue to be subject to the safeguard tariffs, which will remain in place until February 6, 2026. Although we are actively engaged in efforts to mitigate the effect of these tariffs, there is no guarantee that these efforts will be successful.
In addition to the safeguard action, which imposes additional duties and tariffs rate quotas on solar panel and cell imports from all sources, solar cells and panels from various countries are also subject to U.S. antidumping, and countervailing duty (AD/CVD) actions in the United States. The U.S. Department of Commerce (the “Department of Commerce”) maintains antidumping and countervailing duty orders on solar cells as well as panels produced in China. In 2022, the Department of Commerce found that solar product producers in Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam were circumventing the China AD/CVD actions. As a result, imports of solar products from these countries may be treated as if they are of Chinese origin and therefore subject to the aforementioned antidumping and countervailing duty orders. On June 6, 2022, President Biden issued an Executive Order allowing U.S. solar installers to import solar modules and cells from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam free from certain duties for 24 months, along with other incentives designed to accelerate U.S. domestic production of clean energy technologies. This moratorium ended in June 2024 and China-wide AD/CVD action now applies to imports from those countries that contain Chinese-origin inputs. Additionally, on December 29, 2023, Auxin and Concept Clean Energy, Inc. filed suit in the U.S. Court of International Trade challenging the legal basis for the moratorium and implementing regulations. Several motions have been filed to date, including a motion to dismiss by the U.S. government, which the court rejected. If the suit proves successful, solar module importers could owe retroactive duties on goods that have already cleared customs. In addition, on May 15, 2024 the Department of Commerce initiated antidumping and countervailing duty investigations of CSPV products from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. On October 1 and November 29, 2024, the Department of Commerce announced its preliminary affirmative determinations in the antidumping duty and countervailing duty investigations, respectively. The final determinations are scheduled to be announced on or before April 21, 2025
Uncertainty surrounding the implications of existing tariffs affecting the U.S. solar market and potential trade tensions between the U.S. and other countries has caused and is likely to cause further market volatility, price fluctuations, supply shortages, and project delays, any of which could harm our business, and the pursuit of mitigating actions may divert substantial resources from other projects.
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Further, the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act may inhibit importation of certain solar modules or components. In addition, the imposition of tariffs is likely to result in a wide range of impacts to the U.S. solar industry and the global manufacturing market, as well as our business in particular. Such tariffs could materially increase the price of our solar products and result in significant additional costs to the company, its resellers, and the resellers’ customers, which could cause a significant reduction in demand for the company’s solar power products and greatly reduce our competitive advantage.
Our business depends in part on the availability of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives. The expiration, elimination or reduction of these rebates, credits or incentives or the ability to monetize them could adversely impact our business.
U.S. federal, state and local government bodies provide incentives to end users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of solar energy systems to promote solar electricity in the form of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives such as system performance payments, payments for renewable energy credits associated with renewable energy generation and the exclusion of solar energy systems from property tax assessments. These incentives enable us to lower the price charged to customers for energy and for solar energy systems. However, these incentives may expire on a particular date, end when the allocated funding is exhausted or be reduced or terminated as solar energy adoption rates increase. These reductions or terminations often occur without warning.
The Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) extended and modified prior law applicable to U.S. federal tax credits that are available with respect to solar energy systems. Under the IRA, the following tax credits are available: (i) a production tax credit under Code Section 45 (for facilities that are place in service after December 31, 2025) (the “PTC”) in connection with the installation of certain solar facilities and energy storage technology, (ii) an investment tax credit under Code Section 48 (for facilities that begin construction before January 1, 2025) and Code Section 48E (for facilities that are placed in service after December 31, 2024 (the “ITC”) in connection with the installation of certain solar facilities and energy storage technology, and (iii) a residential clean energy credit (the “Section 25D Credit”) in connection with the installation of qualifying property that uses solar energy to generate electricity for residential use.
Prior to the IRA, the PTC for solar facilities had phased out and was no longer available. The IRA reinstated the PTC for solar facilities. The PTC available to a taxpayer in 2024 and prior taxable years under Code Section 45 generally is equal to a certain rate multiplied by the kilowatt hours of electricity produced by the taxpayer from solar energy at a facility owned by it and sold to an unrelated party during that taxable year. The base rates for the PTC under Code Section 45 is 0.3 cents (adjusted for inflation). This rate is increased to 1.5 cents (adjusted for inflation) for projects that (i) have a maximum net output of less than one megawatt (measured in alternating current), (ii) begin construction before January 29, 2023, or (iii) meet certain prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements. It also may be increased for projects that include a certain percentage of components that were produced in the U.S., projects that are located in certain energy communities, and projects that are located in low-income communities. The PTC under Code Section 45Y, the successor to Code Section 45 that is applicable for taxable years after 2024, generally is similar to the PTC under Code Section 45 but includes certain different terms and qualification requirements.
The PTC under Code Section 45Y is the successor to the tax credit under Code Section 45 and is applicable for taxable years after 2024. The PTC under Code Section 45Y generally is equal to the PTC outlined above that is available under Code Section 45, including providing for the same increased credit rates under the same circumstances. The PTC under Code Section 45Y applies to kilowatt hours of electricity produced at a “qualified facility,” which generally is a facility, such as a solar energy facility, that generates electricity and has a greenhouse gas emission rate that is not greater than zero. The tax credit phases out over four years based on the later of either the U.S. Treasury determining that the annual greenhouse gas emission from the production of electricity in the U.S. is equal to or less than 25% of the annual greenhouse gas emissions from the production of electricity in the U.S. for 2022 or 2032. The credit is phased out from 100% for construction beginning in the first calendar year after such date to 75% in the second year, 50% in the third year, and 0% in the fourth year. A facility is not eligible for the PTC under Code Section 45Y if a tax credit already is allowed with respect to the facility under Code Section 45, 48 or 48E, or certain other tax credit provisions, for the taxable year or any prior taxable year.
The ITC available under Code Section 48E is the successor provision of Code Section 48 and is applicable for taxable years after 2024. The ITC under Code Section 48 generally is equal to the ITC outlined above under Code Section 48, including generally providing for the same increased credit rates under the same circumstances. The ITC under Code Section 48E applies to investments in a “qualified facility” and “energy storage technology”. A “qualified facility” for these purposes generally is the same as described for the PTC under Code Section 45Y and “energy storage technology” is defined by reference to such term in Code Section 48. The ITC available under Code Section 48E includes the same phase out schedule as outlined above with respect to the PTC under Code Section 45Y. The ITC under Code Section 48E is subject to recapture if the Internal Revenue Service determines that the greenhouse gas emissions rate for the facility exceeds a certain threshold. A facility is not eligible for the ITC under Code Section 48E if a tax credit already is allowed with respect to the facility under Code Section 45, 45Y or 48, or certain other tax credit provisions, for the taxable year or any prior taxable year.
The Section 25D Credit available to a taxpayer is equal to the “applicable percentage” of expenditures for property that uses solar energy to generate electricity for use in a dwelling unit located in the U.S. and used as a residence by the taxpayer. The applicable percentage is 26% for such systems that are placed in service before January 1, 2022, 30% for such systems that are placed in service after December 31, 2021 and before January 1, 2033, 26% for such systems that are placed in service in 2033, and 22% for such systems that are placed in service in 2034. The Section 25D Credit is scheduled to expire effective January 1, 2035. The availability of the Section 25D Credit may impact the prices of its solar energy systems and overall value proposition our solar systems provide to customers.
Reductions in, eliminations of, or expirations of, governmental incentives could adversely impact results of operations and our ability to compete in this industry by increasing the cost of capital, causing us to increase the prices of our energy and solar energy systems and reduce the size of our addressable market.
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The U.S. federal tax credits discussed above have certain legal and operational requirements. There may be uncertainty as to how such requirements promulgated under the IRA are interpreted. If Internal Revenue Service guidance regarding implementation of the IRA is viewed by investors as unclear, tax credit financing may be delayed or downsized, harming our ability to secure financing for customers. Our failure to either (i) interpret the new requirements under the IRA regarding among other things, prevailing wage, apprenticeship, domestic content, siting in an “energy community,” accurately or (ii) adequately update our supply-chain, manufacturing, installation, and record-keeping processes to meet such requirements, may result a partial or full reduction in the related U.S. federal tax benefit, and our customers, financiers and shareholders may require us to indemnify them for certain of such reductions.
We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to these companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (JOBS Act). For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we intend to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that apply to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including:
| ● | being permitted to provide only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure in our periodic reports; |
| ● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”); |
| ● | not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements; |
| ● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and |
| ● | exemptions from the requirements of holding nonbinding advisory stockholder votes on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. As a result, our financial statements may be different from companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have at least $1.235 billion in total annual gross revenues; (2) the date we qualify as a “large accelerated filer,” with at least $700.0 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates; (3) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period; and (4) the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of our IPO.
Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which would allow us to continue to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation our periodic reports and proxy statements.
We cannot predict if investors will find our securities less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading price of our securities may be more volatile.
Macroeconomic conditions in our domestic and international markets, as well as inflation concerns, instability of financial institutions, rising interest rates, and recessionary concerns may adversely affect our industry, business and financial results.
Our business depends on the overall demand for our solar energy products and on the economic health and willingness of our customers and potential customers to purchase our products and services. As a result of macroeconomic or market uncertainty, including inflation concerns, rising interest rates, recessionary concerns, and geopolitical conflicts, customers may decide to delay purchasing our products and services or not purchase at all. In addition, a number of the risks associated with our business, which are disclosed in these risk factors, may increase in likelihood, magnitude or duration, and we may face new risks that we have not yet identified.
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In the past, unfavorable macroeconomic and market conditions have resulted in sustained periods of decreased demand. Macroeconomic and market conditions could be adversely affected by a variety of political, economic or other factors in the U.S. and international markets, which could, in turn, adversely affect spending levels of installers and end users and could create volatility or deteriorating conditions in the markets in which we operate. Macroeconomic uncertainty or weakness could result in:
| ● | reduced demand for our products as a result of constraints on spending for solar energy systems by our customers and/or a reduction in government subsidies for renewable energy investments; |
| ● | increased price competition for our products that may adversely affect revenue, gross margin and profitability; |
| ● | the introduction of any disadvantageous trade regulations and import tariffs; |
| ● | decreased ability to forecast operating results and make decisions about budgeting, planning and future investments; |
| ● | decrease in the popularity of solar energy as a green energy solution; |
| ● | business and financial difficulties faced by our suppliers or other partners, including impacts to material costs, sales, liquidity levels, ability to continue investing in their businesses, ability to import or export goods, ability to meet development commitments and manufacturing capability; and |
| ● | increased overhead and production costs as a percentage of revenue. |
Reductions in customer spending in response to unfavorable or uncertain macroeconomic and market conditions, globally or in a particular region where we operate, would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Existing regulations and policies, including trade policies and tariffs, and changes to these regulations and policies, including changes to trade policies and tariffs, may present technical, regulatory, and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar power products, which may significantly reduce demand for our products and services.
The market for electric generation products is heavily influenced by federal, state and local government laws, geopolitical forces (such as trade policies and tariffs), regulations and policies concerning the electric utility industry in the U.S. and abroad, as well as policies promulgated by electric utilities. These regulations and policies often relate to electricity pricing and technical interconnection of customer-owned electricity generation, and trade and policy changes that make solar power less competitive with other power sources could deter investment in the research and development of alternative energy sources as well as customer purchases of solar power technology, which could in turn result in a significant reduction in the demand for our solar power products. The market for electric generation equipment is also influenced by geopolitics, trade and local content laws, policies and tariffs, regulations and policies that can discourage growth and competition in the solar industry and create economic barriers to the purchase of solar power products, thus reducing demand for our solar products. In addition, on-grid applications depend on access to the grid, which is also regulated by government entities. We anticipate that our solar power products and our installation will continue to be subject to oversight and regulation in accordance with federal, state, local and foreign regulations relating to construction, safety, environmental protection, utility interconnection and metering, trade, and related matters. It is difficult to track the requirements of individual states or local jurisdictions and design equipment to comply with the varying standards. In addition, the U.S. and European Union, among others, have imposed tariffs or are in the process of evaluating the imposition of tariffs on solar panels, solar cells, polysilicon, and potentially other components. These and any other tariffs or similar taxes or duties may increase the price of our solar products and adversely affect our cost reduction roadmap, which could harm our results of operations and financial condition. We cannot predict what actions may be taken by the United States or other countries with respect to trade policies and tariffs or with respect to other policies and incentives that impact the solar industry, or that promote other forms of energy production over the solar industry. Any new regulations or policies pertaining our solar power products may result in significant additional expenses for our customers, which could cause a significant reduction in demand for our solar power products.
We rely on net metering and related policies to offer competitive pricing to customers in many of our current markets and changes to net metering policies may significantly reduce demand for electricity from residential solar energy systems.
Net metering is one of several key policies that have enabled the growth of distributed generation solar energy systems in the U.S., providing significant value to customers for electricity generated by their residential solar energy systems but not directly consumed on-site. Net metering allows a homeowner to pay his or her local electric utility for power usage net of production from the solar energy system or other distributed generation source. Homeowners receive a credit for the energy an interconnected solar energy system generates in excess of that needed by the home to offset energy purchases from the centralized utility made at times when the solar energy system is not generating sufficient energy to meet the customer’s demand. In many markets, this credit is equal to the residential retail rate for electricity and in other markets, such as Hawaii and Nevada, the rate is less than the retail rate and may be set, for example, as a percentage of the retail rate or based upon a valuation of the excess electricity. In some states and utility territories, customers are also reimbursed by the centralized electric utility for net excess generation on a periodic basis.
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Net metering programs have been subject to legislative and regulatory scrutiny in some states and territories including, but not limited to, California, New Jersey, Arizona, Nevada, Connecticut, Florida, Maine, Kentucky, Puerto Rico and Guam. These jurisdictions, by statute, regulation, administrative order or a combination thereof, have recently adopted or are considering new restrictions and additional changes to net metering programs either on a state-wide basis or within specific utility territories. Many of these measures were introduced and supported by centralized electric utilities. These measures vary by jurisdiction and may include a reduction in the rates or value of the credits customers are paid or receive for the power they deliver back to the electrical grid, caps or limits on the aggregate installed capacity of generation in a state or utility territory eligible for net metering, expiration dates for and phasing out of net metering programs, replacement of net metering programs with alternative programs that may provide less compensation and limits on the capacity size of individual distributed generation systems that can qualify for net metering. Net metering and related policies concerning distributed generation also received attention from federal legislators and regulators.
In California, the California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) issued an order in 2016 retaining retail-based net metering credits for residential customers of California’s major utilities as part of Net Energy Metering 2.0 (“NEM 2.0”). Under NEM 2.0, new distributed generation customers receive the retail rate for electricity exported to the grid, less certain non-by passable fees. Customers under NEM 2.0 also are subject to interconnection charges and time-of-use rates. Existing customers who receive service under the prior net metering program, as well as new customers under the NEM 2.0 program, currently are permitted to remain covered by them on a legacy basis for a period of 20 years. On September 3, 2020, the CPUC opened a new proceeding to review its current net metering policies and to develop Net Energy Metering 3.0 (“NEM 3.0”), also referred to by the CPUC as the NEM 2.0 successor tariff. NEM 3.0 was finalized on December 15, 2022 and includes several changes from previous net metering plans. The changes instituted by NEM 3.0 impacted the amount that homeowners with solar power will be able to recuperate when selling excess energy back to the utility grid. With NEM 3.0, the value of the credits for net exports are tied to the state’s Distributed Energy Resources Avoided Cost Calculator Documentation (“ACC”). Another significant change with NEM 3.0 relates to the netting period: the time period over which the utilities measure the clean energy being imported or exported. In general, longer netting periods have typically been advantageous for solar power customers because production can offset any consumption. NEM 3.0 will instead measure energy using instantaneous netting, which means interval netting approximately every 15 minutes. This will lead to more NEM customers’ electricity registering as exports, now valued at the new, lower ACC value. Overall, the institution on NEM 3.0 has resulted in a smaller market for residential solar systems and it is not certain that market conditions will improve or that NEM 3.0 will be amended or replaced with a more solar-friendly rate structure. Other states may adopt policies similar to NEM 3.0 that cause deterioration to other residential solar markets.
We utilize a limited number of suppliers of solar panels and other system components to adequately meet anticipated demand for our solar service offerings. Any shortage, delay or component price change from these suppliers or delays and price increases associated with the product transport logistics could result in sales and installation delays, cancellations and loss of market share.
We purchase solar panels, inverters and other system components from a limited number of suppliers for certain components, which makes us susceptible to quality issues, shortages and price changes. If we fail to develop, maintain and expand relationships with existing or new suppliers, we may be unable to adequately meet anticipated demand for our solar energy systems or may only be able to offer our systems at higher costs or after delays. If one or more of the suppliers that we rely upon to meet anticipated demand ceases or reduces production, we may be unable to satisfy this demand due to an inability to quickly identify alternate suppliers or to qualify alternative products on commercially reasonable terms.
In particular, there are a limited number of inverter and battery suppliers. Once we design a system for use with a particular inverter or battery, if that type of inverter or battery is not readily available at an anticipated price, we may incur additional delay and expense to redesign the system and source alternative inventory.
In addition, production of solar panels involves the use of numerous raw materials and components. Several of these have experienced periods of limited availability, particularly polysilicon, as well as indium, cadmium telluride, aluminum and copper. The manufacturing infrastructure for some of these raw materials and components has a long lead time, requires significant capital investment and relies on the continued availability of key commodity materials, potentially resulting in an inability to meet demand for these components. The prices for these raw materials and components fluctuate depending on global market conditions and demand and we may experience rapid increases in costs or sustained periods of limited supplies.
Despite efforts to obtain components from multiple sources whenever possible, many suppliers may be single-source suppliers of certain components. If we cannot maintain long-term supply agreements or identify and qualify multiple sources for components, access to supplies at satisfactory prices, volumes and quality levels may be harmed. We may also experience delivery delays of components from suppliers in various global locations. In addition, while there are alternative suppliers and service providers that we could enter into agreements with to replace its suppliers on commercially reasonable terms, we may be unable to establish alternate supply relationships or obtain or engineer replacement components in the short term, or at all, at favorable prices or costs. Qualifying alternate suppliers or developing our own replacements for certain components may be time-consuming and costly and may force us to make modifications to our product designs.
Our need to purchase supplies globally and our continued international expansion further subjects us to risks relating to currency fluctuations. Any decline in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar compared to the functional currency of component suppliers could increase component prices. In addition, the state of the financial markets could limit suppliers’ ability to raise capital if they are required to expand their production to meet our needs or satisfy our operating capital requirements. Changes in economic and business conditions, wars, governmental changes and other factors beyond our control or which we do not presently anticipate, could also affect suppliers’ solvency and ability to deliver components on a timely basis. Any of these shortages, delays or price changes could limit our growth, cause cancellations or adversely affect profitability and the ability to compete in the markets in which we operate effectively.
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Our business substantially focuses on solar service agreements and transactions with residential customers.
Our business substantially focuses on solar service agreements and transactions with residential customers. Our energy system sales to homeowners utilize power purchase agreements (“PPAs”), leases, loans and other products and services. We currently offer PPAs and leases through LightReach, Mosaic, EverBright, LLC, and other financial institutions. If we were unable to arrange new or alternative financing methods for PPAs and leases on favorable terms, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
If we fail to manage operations and growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of customer service or adequately address competitive challenges.
We have experienced significant growth in recent periods as measured by our number of customers; we intend to continue efforts to expand our business within existing and new markets. This growth has placed, and any future growth may place, a strain on management, operational and financial infrastructure. Our growth requires our management to devote a significant amount of time and effort to maintain and expand relationships with customers, dealers and other third parties, attract new customers and dealers, arrange financing for growth and manage expansion into additional markets.
In addition, our current and planned operations, personnel, information technology and other systems and procedures might need to be revised to support future growth and may require us to make additional unanticipated investments in its infrastructure. Our success and ability to further scale our business will depend, in part, on our ability to manage these changes in a cost-effective and efficient manner.
If we cannot manage operations and growth, we may be unable to meet expectations regarding growth, opportunity and financial targets, take advantage of market opportunities, execute our business strategies or respond to competitive pressures. This could also result in declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increased costs, difficulties in introducing new offerings or other operational difficulties. Any failure to effectively manage our operations and growth could adversely impact our reputation, business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
We have incurred losses and may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability in the future.
We have incurred net losses in the past, including $56.5 million in the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, and we have an accumulated deficit of $411.4 million as of December 29, 2024. Additionally, as of December 29, 2024, we had long-term indebtedness of $145.8 million. We will continue to incur net losses as spending increases to finance the expansion of operations, installation, engineering, administrative, sales and marketing staffs, spending increases on brand awareness and other sales and marketing initiatives and implement internal systems and infrastructure to support the company’s growth. We do not know whether revenue will grow rapidly enough to absorb these costs, and our limited operating history makes it difficult to assess the extent of these expenses or their impact on results of operations. Our ability to achieve profitability depends on a number of factors, including but not limited to:
| ● | Growing the customer base; |
| ● | Maintaining or further lowering the cost of capital; |
| ● | Reducing the cost of components for our solar service offerings; |
| ● | Growing and maintaining our sales partner network; |
| ● | Growing our direct-to-consumer and New Homes business to scale; and |
| ● | Reducing operating costs by lowering customer acquisition costs and optimizing our design and installation processes and supply chain logistics. |
Even if we do achieve profitability, we may be unable to sustain or increase profitability in the future.
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A material drop in the retail price of utility-generated electricity or electricity from other sources could adversely impact our ability to attract customers, which would harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We believe a homeowner’s decision to buy solar energy from us is primarily driven by a desire to lower electricity costs. Decreases in the retail prices of electricity from utilities or other energy sources would harm our ability to offer competitive pricing and could harm its business. The price of electricity from utilities could decrease as a result of:
| ● | the construction of a significant number of new power generation plants, including nuclear, coal, natural gas or renewable energy technologies; |
| ● | the construction of additional electric transmission and distribution lines; |
| ● | a reduction in the price of natural gas or other natural resources as a result of new drilling techniques or other technological developments, a relaxation of associated regulatory standards, or broader economic or policy developments; |
| ● | energy conservation technologies and public initiatives to reduce electricity consumption; |
| ● | subsidies impacting electricity prices, including in connection with electricity generation and transmission; and |
| ● | development of new energy technologies that provide less expensive energy. |
A reduction in utility electricity prices would make the purchase of our solar service offerings less attractive. If the retail price of energy available from utilities were to decrease due to any of these or other reasons, we would be at a competitive disadvantage. As a result, we may be unable to attract new homeowners and growth would be limited.
We face competition from both traditional energy companies and renewable energy companies.
The solar energy and renewable energy industries are both highly competitive and continually evolving as participants strive to distinguish themselves within their markets and compete with large utilities. Our primary competitors are the traditional utilities that supply energy to potential customers. We compete with these utilities primarily based on price, predictability of price and the ease by which customers can switch to electricity generated by our solar energy systems. If we cannot offer compelling value to its customers based on these factors, then our business will not grow. Utilities generally have substantially greater financial, technical, operational and other resources than us. As a result of their greater size, these competitors may be able to devote more resources to the research, development, promotion and sale of their products or respond more quickly to evolving industry standards and changes in market conditions than we can. Utilities could also offer other value added products and services that could help them compete with us even if the cost of electricity they offer is higher than ours. In addition, a majority of utilities’ sources of electricity are non-solar, which may allow utilities to sell electricity more cheaply than electricity generated by our solar energy systems.
Our growth strategy depends on the widespread adoption of solar power technology.
The distributed residential solar energy market is at a relatively early stage of development compared to fossil fuel-based electricity generation. If additional demand for distributed residential solar energy systems fails to develop sufficiently or takes longer to develop than we anticipate, the company may be unable to originate additional solar service agreements and related solar energy systems and energy storage systems to grow the business. In addition, demand for solar energy systems and energy storage systems in our targeted markets may not develop to the extent it anticipates. As a result, we may need to successfully broaden our customer base through origination of solar service agreements and related solar energy systems and energy storage systems within its current markets or in new markets we may enter.
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Many factors may affect the demand for solar energy systems, including, but not limited to, the following:
| ● | availability, substance and magnitude of solar support programs including government targets, subsidies, incentives, renewable portfolio standards and residential net metering rules; |
| ● | the relative pricing of other conventional and non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, coal, oil and other fossil fuels, wind, utility-scale solar, nuclear, geothermal and biomass; |
| ● | performance, reliability and availability of energy generated by solar energy systems compared to conventional and other non-solar renewable energy sources; |
| ● | availability and performance of energy storage technology, the ability to implement such technology for use in conjunction with solar energy systems and the cost competitiveness such technology provides to customers as compared to costs for those customers reliant on the conventional electrical grid; and |
| ● | general economic conditions and the level of interest rates. |
The residential solar energy industry is constantly evolving, which makes it difficult to evaluate our prospects. We cannot be certain if historical growth rates reflect future opportunities or its anticipated growth will be realized. The failure of distributed residential solar energy to achieve, or its being significantly delayed in achieving, widespread adoption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business could be adversely affected by seasonal trends, poor weather, labor shortages, and construction cycles.
Our business is subject to significant industry-specific seasonal fluctuations. In the U.S., many customers make purchasing decisions towards the end of the year in order to take advantage of tax credits and residential solar sales tend to decline during the winter months. In addition, sales in the new home development market are often tied to construction market demands, which tend to follow national trends in construction, including declining sales during cold weather months.
Natural disasters, terrorist activities, political unrest, economic volatility, and other outbreaks could disrupt our delivery and operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Global pandemics or fear of spread of contagious diseases, such as Ebola virus disease (EVD), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1 flu, H7N9 flu, avian flu and monkeypox, as well as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, or other natural disasters could disrupt our business operations, reduce or restrict operations and services, incur significant costs to protect its employees and facilities, or result in regional or global economic distress, which may materially and adversely affect business, financial condition, and results of operations. Actual or threatened war, terrorist activities, political unrest, civil strife, future disruptions in access to bank deposits or lending commitments due to bank failures and other geopolitical uncertainty could have a similar adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation launched an invasion of Ukraine that has had an immediate impact on the global economy resulting in higher energy prices and higher prices for certain raw materials and goods and services which in turn is contributing to higher inflation in the U.S. and other countries across the globe with significant disruption to financial markets. Any one or more of these events may impede our operation and delivery efforts and adversely affect sales results, or even for a prolonged period of time, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We cannot predict the full effects the supply chain constraints will have on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations at this time due to numerous uncertainties.
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We are exposed to the credit risk of customers and our finance partners, and payment delinquencies on accounts receivables.
Defaults by customers and the financial institutions that fund some of our customers’ solar systems have not been material to date, but we expect that the risk of customer defaults or financial partner defaults may increase as we grow our business. For example, Sunnova Energy International, Inc. (“Sunnova”), a major provider of financing for solar systems, announced that substantial doubt exists regarding its ability to continue as a going concern. While Complete Solar does not use Sunnova for any of its customer financing, if any of our financing partners experience liquidity concerns or stop funding projects, we may incur significant losses or project delays. If any of our customers are unable to make milestone payments on systems purchased in cash, our revenue and costs could be adversely affected. If economic conditions worsen, certain of our customers or finance partners may face liquidity concerns and may be unable to satisfy their payment obligations to us on a timely basis or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may not realize the anticipated benefits of past or future acquisitions, including the transactions under the APA with SunPower, and integration of these acquisitions may disrupt our business.
In November 2022, we acquired The Solaria Corporation (“Solaria”), after which Complete Solar was renamed “Complete Solaria, Inc.” In October 2023, we subsequently sold solar panel assets of Solaria, including intellectual property and customer contracts, to Maxeon Solar Technologies, Ltd., which resulted in an impairment loss of $147.5 million and loss on disposal of $1.8 million. On September 30, 2024, we completed the acquisition of the Acquired Assets under the APA with SunPower, which resulted in our acquisition of the SunPower Businesses and a significant expansion of our business operations and headcount. In the future, we may acquire additional companies, project pipelines, products, or technologies, or enter into joint ventures or other strategic initiatives. Our ability as an organization to integrate acquisitions is unproven. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions or any other future acquisition or the acquisition may be viewed negatively by customers, financial markets or investors.
Any acquisition has numerous risks, including, but not limited to, the following:
| ● | difficulty in assimilating the operations and personnel of the acquired company; |
| ● | difficulty in effectively integrating the acquired technologies or products with current products and technologies; |
| ● | difficulty in maintaining controls, procedures and policies during the transition and integration; |
| ● | disruption of ongoing business and distraction of management and employees from other opportunities and challenges due to integration issues; |
| ● | difficulty integrating the acquired company’s accounting, management information and other administrative systems; |
| ● | inability to retain key technical and managerial personnel of the acquired business; |
| ● | inability to retain key customers, vendors, and other business partners of the acquired business; |
| ● | inability to achieve the financial and strategic goals for the acquired and combined businesses; |
| ● | incurring acquisition-related costs or amortization costs for acquired intangible assets that could impact operating results; |
| ● | failure of due diligence processes to identify significant issues with product quality, legal and financial liabilities, among other things; |
| ● | inability to assert that internal controls over financial reporting are effective; and |
| ● |
inability to obtain, or obtain in a timely manner, approvals from governmental authorities, which could delay or prevent such acquisitions. |
| ● |
inability to rebuild trust with home builders due to the SunPower bankruptcy. |
| ● |
inability to obtain advantageous financing arrangements with financiers in order to pass the saving on to customers. |
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We may be required to file claims against other parties for infringing its intellectual property that may be costly and may not be resolved in its favor.
To protect our intellectual property rights and to maintain competitive advantage, we have filed, and may continue to file, suits against parties we believe infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming, could divert management’s attention from our business, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition, and our enforcement efforts may not be successful. In addition, the validity of our patents may be challenged in such litigation. Our participation in intellectual property enforcement actions may negatively impact our financial results.
Developments in technology or improvements in distributed solar energy generation and related technologies or components may materially adversely affect demand for our offerings.
Significant developments in technology, such as advances in distributed solar power generation, energy storage solutions such as batteries, energy storage management systems, the widespread use or adoption of fuel cells for residential or commercial properties or improvements in other forms of distributed or centralized power production may materially and adversely affect demand for our offerings and otherwise affect our business. Future technological advancements may result in reduced prices to consumers or more efficient solar energy systems than those available today, either of which may result in current customer dissatisfaction. We may not be able to adopt these new technologies as quickly as its competitors or on a cost-effective basis.
Additionally, recent technological advancements may impact our business in ways not currently anticipated. Any failure by us to adopt or have access to new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to react to changes in existing technologies, could result in product obsolescence or the loss of competitiveness of and decreased consumer interest in its solar energy services, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to complex and evolving data protection laws. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation and could result in claims, increased cost of operations or otherwise harm its business.
Consumer personal privacy and data security have become significant issues and the subject of rapidly evolving regulation in the U.S. Furthermore, federal, state and local government bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, more laws and regulations affecting data privacy. For example, the state of California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”) and California voters recently approved the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”). The CCPA creates individual privacy rights for consumers and places increased privacy and security obligations on entities handling the personal data of consumers or households. The CCPA went into effect in January 2020 and it requires covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers, provides such consumers, business-to-business contacts and employees new ways to opt-out of certain sales of personal information, and allows for a new private right of action for data breaches. The CPRA modifies the CCPA and imposes additional data protection obligations on companies doing business in California, including additional consumer rights processes and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. The CCPA and the CPRA may significantly impact Complete Solaria’s business activities and require substantial compliance costs that adversely affect its business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. To date, we have not experienced substantial compliance costs in connection with fulfilling the requirements under the CCPA or CPRA. However, we cannot be certain that compliance costs will not increase in the future with respect to the CCPA and CPRA or any other recently passed consumer privacy regulation.
Outside the U.S., an increasing number of laws, regulations, and industry standards may govern data privacy and security. For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”) and the United Kingdom’s GDPR (“UK GDPR”) impose strict requirements for processing personal data. Under the EU GDPR, companies may face temporary or definitive bans on data processing and other corrective actions; fines of up to 20 million Euros or 4% of annual global revenue, whichever is greater; or private litigation related to processing of personal data brought by classes of data subjects or consumer protection organizations authorized at law to represent their interests. Non-compliance with the UK GDPR may result in substantially similar adverse consequences to those in relation to the EU GDPR, including monetary penalties of up to £17.5 million or 4% of worldwide revenue, whichever is higher.
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In addition, we may be unable to transfer personal data from Europe and other jurisdictions to the U.S. or other countries due to data localization requirements or limitations on cross-border data flows. Europe and other jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring data to be localized or limiting the transfer of personal data to other countries. In particular, the European Economic Area (“EEA”) and the United Kingdom have significantly restricted the transfer of personal data to the U.S. and other countries whose privacy laws it believes are not adequate. Other jurisdictions may adopt similarly stringent interpretations of their data localization and cross- border data transfer laws. Although there are currently various mechanisms that may be used to transfer personal data from the EEA and UK to the U.S. in compliance with law, such as the EEA and UK’s standard contractual clauses, these mechanisms are subject to legal challenges, and there is no assurance that Complete Solaria can satisfy or rely on these measures to lawfully transfer personal data to the U.S. If there is no lawful manner for us to transfer personal data from the EEA, the UK, or other jurisdictions to the U.S., or if the requirements for a legally-compliant transfer are too onerous, we could face significant adverse consequences, including the interruption or degradation of its operations, the need to relocate part of or all of its business or data processing activities to other jurisdictions at significant expense, increased exposure to regulatory actions, substantial fines and penalties, the inability to transfer data and work with partners, vendors and other third parties, and injunctions against its processing or transferring of personal data necessary to operate its business. Some European regulators have ordered certain companies to suspend or permanently cease certain transfers out of Europe for allegedly violating the EU GDPR’s cross-border data transfer limitations.
Any inability to adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable privacy and data security laws, regulations and policies, could result in additional cost and liability to us damage our reputation, inhibit sales and adversely affect our business. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, the laws, regulations and policies that are applicable to our business may limit the use and adoption of, and reduce the overall demand for, its solutions. If we are not able to adjust to changing laws, regulations and standards related to privacy or security, our business may be harmed.
Any unauthorized access to or disclosure or theft of personal information we gather, store or use could harm our reputation and subject us to claims or litigation.
We receive, store and use personal information of customers, including names, addresses, e-mail addresses, and other housing and energy use information. We also store information of dealers, including employee, financial and operational information. We rely on the availability of data collected from customers and dealers in order to manage our business and market our offerings. We take certain steps in an effort to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of the personal information collected, stored or transmitted, but there is no guarantee inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure will not occur or third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this information despite our efforts. Although we take precautions to provide for disaster recovery, our ability to recover systems or data may be expensive and may interfere with normal operations. Also, although we obtain assurances from such third parties that they will use reasonable safeguards to secure their systems, we may be adversely affected by unavailability of their systems or unauthorized use or disclosure or its data maintained in such systems. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, our suppliers or vendors and our dealers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative or mitigation measures.
Cyberattacks in particular are becoming more sophisticated and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, disruption of customers’ operations, loss or damage to data delivery systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, corruption of data and increased costs to prevent, respond to or mitigate cybersecurity events. In addition, certain cyber incidents, such as advanced persistent threats, may remain undetected for an extended period.
Unauthorized use, disclosure of or access to any personal information maintained by us or on the behalf of us, whether through breach of our systems, breach of the systems of our suppliers, vendors or dealers by an unauthorized party or through employee or contractor error, theft or misuse or otherwise, could harm our business. If any such unauthorized use, disclosure of or access to such personal information were to occur, our operations could be seriously disrupted and we could be subject to demands, claims and litigation by private parties and investigations, related actions and penalties by regulatory authorities.
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In addition, we could incur significant costs in notifying affected persons and entities and otherwise complying with the multitude of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the unauthorized access to, use of or disclosure of personal information. Finally, any perceived or actual unauthorized access to, use of or disclosure of such information could harm our reputation, substantially impair our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we currently maintain cybersecurity insurance, such insurance may not be sufficient to cover against claims, and we cannot be certain that cyber insurance will continue to be available on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim.
If we fail to comply with laws and regulations relating to interactions by the company or its dealers with current or prospective residential customers could result in negative publicity, claims, investigations and litigation and adversely affect financial performance.
Our business substantially focuses on home improvement contracts for the installation of solar systems for residential customers. We offer leases, loans and other products and services directly to consumers and through sales partners in our dealer networks, who utilize sales people employed by or engaged as third-party service providers of such contractors. We and our dealers must comply with numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations that govern matters relating to interactions with residential consumers, including those pertaining to consumer protection, marketing and sales, privacy and data security, consumer financial and credit transactions, mortgages and refinancings, home improvement contracts, warranties and various means of customer solicitation, including under the laws described below in “As sales to residential customers have grown, we have increasingly become subject to substantial financing and consumer protection laws and regulations.” These laws and regulations are dynamic and subject to potentially differing interpretations and various federal, state and local legislative and regulatory bodies may initiate investigations, expand current laws or regulations, or enact new laws and regulations regarding these matters. Changes in these laws or regulations or their interpretation could dramatically affect how we and our dealers do business, acquire customers and manage and use information collected from and about current and prospective customers and the costs associated therewith. We and our dealers strive to comply with all applicable laws and regulations relating to interactions with residential customers. It is possible, however, that these requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices or the practices of our dealers.
Although we require dealers to meet consumer compliance requirements, we do not control dealers and their suppliers or their business practices. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee they follow ethical business practices such as fair wage practices and compliance with environmental, safety and other local laws. A lack of demonstrated compliance could lead us to seek alternative dealers or suppliers, which could increase costs and have a negative effect on business and prospects for growth. Violation of labor or other laws by our dealers or suppliers or the divergence of a dealer or supplier’s labor or other practices from those generally accepted as ethical in the U.S. or other markets in which the company does or intends to do business could also attract negative publicity and harm the business.
From time to time, we have been included in lawsuits brought by the consumer customers of certain contractors in our networks, citing claims based on the sales practices of these contractors. We cannot be sure that a court of law would not determine that we are liable for the actions of the contractors in our networks or that a regulator or state attorney general’s office may hold us accountable for violations of consumer protection or other applicable laws by. Our risk mitigation processes may not be sufficient to mitigate financial harm associated with violations of applicable law by our contractors or ensure that any such contractor is able to satisfy its indemnification obligations to us. Any significant judgment against us could expose it to broader liabilities, a need to adjust our distribution channels for products and services or otherwise change our business model and could adversely impact the business.
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We may be unsuccessful in introducing new services and product offerings.
We intend to introduce new offerings of services and products to both new and existing customers in the future, including home automation products and additional home technology solutions. We may be unsuccessful in significantly broadening our customer base through the addition of these services and products within current markets or in new markets the company may enter. Additionally, we may not be successful in generating substantial revenue from any additional services and products introduced in the future and may decline to initiate new product and service offerings.
Damage to our brand and reputation or change or loss of use of our brand could harm our business and results of operations.
We depend significantly on our reputation for high-quality products, excellent customer service and the brand name “Complete Solaria” to attract new customers and grow our business. If we fail to continue to deliver solar energy systems or energy storage systems within the planned timelines, if our offerings do not perform as anticipated or if we damage any of our customers’ properties or delays or cancels projects, our brand and reputation could be significantly impaired. Future technological improvements may allow the company to offer lower prices or offer new technology to new customers; however, technical limitations in our current solar energy systems and energy storage systems may prevent us from offering such lower prices or new technology to existing customers.
In addition, given the sheer number of interactions our personnel or dealers operating on our behalf have with customers and potential customers, it is inevitable that some customers’ and potential customers’ interactions with us or dealers operating on our behalf will be perceived as less than satisfactory. This has led to instances of customer complaints, some of which have affected our digital footprint on rating websites and social media platforms. If we cannot manage hiring and training processes to avoid or minimize these issues to the extent possible, our reputation may be harmed and our ability to attract new customers would suffer.
In addition, if we were to no longer use, lose the right to continue to use or if others use the “Complete Solaria” brand, we could lose recognition in the marketplace among customers, suppliers and dealers, which could affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and would require financial and other investment and management attention in new branding, which may not be as successful.
Our success depends on the continuing contributions of key personnel, including Thurman J. Rodgers. If we are unable to attract and retain key employees and qualified personnel, our business and prospects could be harmed.
We rely heavily on the services of our key executive officers and other key employees, in particular Thurman J. Rodgers, and the loss of services of any principal member of the management team or other key employees could adversely affect our operations. There have been, and from time to time there may continue to be, changes in our management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives and key employees, or the transition of executives within our business, which could disrupt our business. For example, during 2023 and 2024, we had turnover in key positions, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. As a result of the SunPower Acquisition, we also appointed new employees to key positions and restructured our management reporting lines. Such changes in our executive management team or workforce may be disruptive to our business, divert management’s attention, result in a loss of knowledge and negatively impact employee morale. If we encounter further turnover or difficulties associated with the transition or departure of our executive officers and key employees, or if we are unsuccessful in recruiting new personnel or in retaining and motivating existing personnel, our operations may be disrupted, which could harm our business.
We are investing significant resources in developing new members of management as we complete our restructuring and strategic transformation, including as a result of the SunPower Acquisition. We also anticipate that over time we will need to hire a number of highly skilled technical, sales, marketing, administrative, and accounting personnel. The competition for qualified personnel is intense in this industry. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining sufficient numbers of qualified personnel to support its anticipated growth. We cannot guarantee that any employee will remain employed with us for any definite period of time since all employees, including key executive officers, serve at-will and may terminate their employment at any time for any reason.
Labor is subject to external factors that are beyond our control, including our industry’s highly competitive market for skilled workers and leaders, cost inflation, and workforce participation rates. As we build our brand and become more well known and grow globally, there is increased risk that competitors or other companies will seek to hire our personnel. The failure to attract, integrate, train, motivate and retain these personnel could seriously harm our business and prospects.
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If we or our dealers or suppliers fail to hire and retain sufficient employees and service providers in key functions, our growth and ability to timely complete customer projects and successfully manage customer accounts would be constrained.
To support growth, we and our dealers need to hire, train, deploy, manage and retain a substantial number of skilled employees, engineers, installers, electricians and sales and project finance specialists. Competition for qualified personnel in this industry has increased substantially, particularly for skilled personnel involved in the installation of solar energy systems. We and our dealers also compete with the homebuilding and construction industries for skilled labor. These industries are cyclical and when participants in these industries seek to hire additional workers, it puts upward pressure on us and our dealers’ labor costs. Companies with whom our dealers compete to hire installers may offer compensation or incentive plans that certain installers may view as more favorable. As a result, our dealers may be unable to attract or retain qualified and skilled installation personnel. The further unionization of the industry’s labor force or the homebuilding and construction industries’ labor forces could also increase our dealers’ labor costs.
Shortages of skilled labor could significantly delay a project or otherwise increase dealers’ costs. Further, we need to continue to increase the training of the customer service team to provide high-end account management and service to homeowners before, during and following the point of installation of its solar energy systems. Identifying and recruiting qualified personnel and training them requires significant time, expense and attention. It can take several months before a new customer service team member is fully trained and productive at the standards established by us. If we are unable to hire, develop and retain talented customer service or other personnel, we may not be able to grow our business.
Our operating results and ability to grow may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year, which could make future performance difficult to predict and could cause operating results for a particular period to fall below expectations.
Our quarterly and annual operating results and its ability to grow are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly. We have experienced seasonal and quarterly fluctuations in the past and expect to experience such fluctuations in the future. In addition to the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, the following factors could cause operating results to fluctuate:
| ● | expiration or initiation of any governmental rebates or incentives; |
| ● | significant fluctuations in customer demand for our solar energy services, solar energy systems and energy storage systems; |
| ● | our dealers’ ability to complete installations in a timely manner; |
| ● | our and our dealers’ ability to gain interconnection permission for an installed solar energy system from the relevant utility; |
| ● | the availability, terms and costs of suitable financing; |
| ● | the amount, timing of sales and potential decreases in value of Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (“SRECs”); |
| ● | our ability to continue to expand its operations and the amount and timing of expenditures related to this expansion; |
| ● | announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital-raising activities or commitments; |
| ● | changes in our pricing policies or terms or those of competitors, including centralized electric utilities; |
| ● | actual or anticipated developments in competitors’ businesses, technology or the competitive landscape; and |
| ● | natural disasters or other weather or meteorological conditions. |
For these or other reasons, the results of any prior quarterly or annual periods should not be relied upon as indications of our future performance.
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Our ability to obtain insurance on the terms of any available insurance coverage could be materially adversely affected by international, national, state or local events or company-specific events, as well as the financial condition of insurers.
Our insurance policies cover legal and contractual liabilities arising out of bodily injury, personal injury or property damage to third parties and are subject to policy limits.
However, such policies do not cover all potential losses and coverage is not always available in the insurance market on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, we may have disagreements with insurers on the amount of recoverable damages and the insurance proceeds received for any loss of, or any damage to, any of our assets may be claimed by lenders under financing arrangements or otherwise may not be sufficient to restore the loss or damage without a negative impact on its results of operations. Furthermore, the receipt of insurance proceeds may be delayed, requiring us to use cash or incur financing costs in the interim. To the extent our experiences covered losses under its insurance policies, the limit of our coverage for potential losses may be decreased or the insurance rates it has to pay increased. Furthermore, the losses insured through commercial insurance are subject to the credit risk of those insurance companies. While we believe our commercial insurance providers are currently creditworthy, we cannot assure such insurance companies will remain so in the future.
We may not be able to maintain or obtain insurance of the type and amount desired at reasonable rates. The insurance coverage obtained may contain large deductibles or fail to cover certain risks or all potential losses. In addition, our insurance policies are subject to annual review by insurers and may not be renewed on similar or favorable terms, including coverage, deductibles or premiums, or at all. If a significant accident or event occurs for which we are not fully insured or the company suffers losses due to one or more of its insurance carriers defaulting on their obligations or contesting their coverage obligations, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to breaches of our information technology systems, which could lead to disclosure of internal information, damage to our reputation or relationships with dealers, suppliers, and customers, and disrupt access to online services. Such breaches could subject us to significant reputational, financial, legal, and operational consequences.
Our business requires the use and storage of confidential and proprietary information, intellectual property, commercial banking information, personal information concerning customers, employees, and business partners, and corporate information concerning internal processes and business functions. Malicious attacks to gain access to such information affects many companies across various industries, including ours.
Where appropriate, we use encryption and authentication technologies to secure the transmission and storage of data. These security measures may be compromised as a result of third-party security breaches, employee error, malfeasance, faulty password management, or other irregularity or malicious effort, and result in persons obtaining unauthorized access to data.
We devote resources to network security, data encryption, and other security measures to protect our systems and data, but these security measures cannot provide absolute security. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, target end users through phishing and other malicious techniques, and/or may be difficult to detect for long periods of time, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. As a result, we may experience a breach of our systems in the future that reduces our ability to protect sensitive data. In addition, hardware, software, or applications we develop or procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to gain access to our systems or facilities through fraud, trickery or other forms of deceiving team members, contractors and temporary staff. If we experience, or are perceived to have experienced, a significant data security breach, fail to detect and appropriately respond to a significant data security breach, or fail to implement disclosure controls and procedures that provide for timely disclosure of data security breaches deemed material to our business, including corrections or updates to previous disclosures, we could be exposed to a risk of loss, increased insurance costs, remediation and prospective prevention costs, damage to our reputation and brand, litigation and possible liability, or government enforcement actions, any of which could detrimentally affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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We may also share information with contractors and third-party providers to conduct business. While we generally review and typically request or require such contractors and third-party providers to implement security measures, such as encryption and authentication technologies to secure the transmission and storage of data, those third-party providers may experience a significant data security breach, which may also detrimentally affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition as discussed above. See also under this section, “We may be required to file claims against other parties for infringing its intellectual property that may be costly and may not be resolved in our favor.” We rely substantially upon trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to protect our proprietary rights, and, if these rights are not sufficiently protected, our ability to compete and generate revenue could suffer.
As sales to residential customers have grown, we have increasingly become subject to consumer protection laws and regulations.
As we continue to seek to expand our retail customer base, our activities with customers are subject to consumer protection laws that may not be applicable to other businesses, such as federal truth-in-lending, consumer leasing, telephone and digital marketing, and equal credit opportunity laws and regulations, as well as state and local finance laws and regulations. Claims arising out of actual or alleged violations of law may be asserted against us by individuals or governmental entities and may expose the company to significant damages or other penalties, including fines. In addition, our affiliations with third-party dealers may subject the company to alleged liability in connection with actual or alleged violations of law by such dealers, whether or not actually attributable to us, which may expose us to significant damages and penalties, and we may incur substantial expenses in defending against legal actions related to third-party dealers, whether or not ultimately found liable.
The competitive environment in which we operate often requires the undertaking of customer obligations, which may turn out to be costlier than anticipated and, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are often required, at the request of our end customer, to undertake certain obligations such as:
| ● | system output performance warranties; and |
| ● | system maintenance. |
Such customer obligations involve complex accounting analyses and judgments regarding the timing of revenue and expense recognition, and in certain situations these factors may require us to defer revenue or profit recognition until projects are completed or until contingencies are resolved, which could adversely affect revenues and profits in a particular period.
We are subject to risks associated with construction, cost overruns, delays, regulatory compliance and other contingencies, any of which could have a material adverse effect on its business and results of operations.
We are a licensed contractor in certain communities that we service and are ultimately responsible as the contracting party for every solar energy system installation. A significant portion of our business depends on obtaining and maintaining required licenses in various jurisdictions. All such licenses are subject to audit by the relevant government agency. Our failure to obtain or maintain required licenses could result in the termination of certain of our contracts. For example, we hold a license with California’s Contractors State License Board (the “CSLB”) and that license is currently under probation with the CSLB. If we fail to comply with the CSLB’s law and regulations, it could result in termination of certain of our contracts, monetary penalties, extension of the license probation period or revocation of its license in California. In addition, we may be liable, either directly or through its solar partners, to homeowners for any damage we cause to them, their home, belongings or property during the installation of our systems. For example, we either directly or through its solar partners, frequently penetrate homeowners’ roofs during the installation process and may incur liability for the failure to adequately weatherproof such penetrations following the completion of construction. In addition, because the solar energy systems we or our solar partners deploy are high voltage energy systems, we may incur liability for failing to comply with electrical standards and manufacturer recommendations.
Further, we or our installation partners may face construction delays or cost overruns, which may adversely affect our or our sales partners’ ability to ramp up the volume of installation in accordance with our plans. Such delays or overruns may occur as a result of a variety of factors, such as labor shortages, defects in materials and workmanship, adverse weather conditions, transportation constraints, construction change orders, site changes, labor issues and other unforeseen difficulties, any of which could lead to increased cancellation rates, reputational harm and other adverse effects.
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In addition, the installation of solar energy systems, energy storage systems, and other energy-related products requiring building modifications are subject to oversight and regulation in accordance with national, state, and local laws and ordinances relating to building, fire, and electrical codes, safety, environmental protection, utility interconnection and metering, and related matters. We also rely on certain employees to maintain professional licenses in many of the jurisdictions in which we operate, and the failure to employ properly licensed personnel could adversely affect our licensing status in those jurisdictions. It is difficult and costly to track the requirements of every individual authority having jurisdiction over our installations and to design solar energy systems to comply with these varying standards. Any new government regulations or utility policies pertaining to our systems may result in significant additional expenses to homeowners and us and, as a result, could cause a significant reduction in demand for solar service offerings.
While we have a variety of stringent quality standards that the company applies in the selection of its solar partners, we do not control our suppliers and solar partners or their business practices. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee that they follow our standards or ethical business practices, such as fair wage practices and compliance with environmental, safety and other local laws. A lack of demonstrated compliance could lead us to seek alternative suppliers or contractors, which could increase costs and result in delayed delivery or installation of our products, product shortages or other disruptions of its operations. Violation of labor or other laws by our suppliers and solar partners or the divergence of a supplier’s or solar partners’ labor or other practices from those generally accepted as ethical in the U.S. or other markets in which we do business could also attract negative publicity and harm our business, brand and reputation in the market.
Compliance with occupational safety and health requirements and best practices can be costly, and noncompliance with such requirements may result in potentially significant penalties, operational delays and adverse publicity.
The installation and ongoing operations and maintenance of solar energy systems and energy storage systems requires individuals hired by us, our dealers, or third-party contractors, potentially including employees, to work at heights with complicated and potentially dangerous electrical systems. The evaluation and modification of buildings as part of the installation process requires these individuals to work in locations that may contain potentially dangerous levels of asbestos, lead, mold or other materials known or believed to be hazardous to human health. There is substantial risk of serious injury or death if proper safety procedures are not followed. Our operations are subject to regulation by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) and the Department of Transportation (“DOT”) and equivalent state and local laws. Changes to OSHA or DOT requirements, or stricter interpretation or enforcement of existing laws or regulations, could result in increased costs. If we fail to comply with applicable OSHA or DOT regulations, even if no work-related serious injury or death occurs, we may be subject to civil or criminal enforcement and be required to pay substantial penalties, incur significant capital expenditures or suspend or limit operations. Because individuals hired by us or on our behalf to perform installation and ongoing operations and maintenance of the company’s solar energy systems and energy storage systems, including its dealers and third-party contractors, are compensated on a per project basis, they are incentivized to work more quickly than installers compensated on an hourly basis. While we have not experienced a high level of injuries to date, this incentive structure may result in higher injury rates than others in the industry and could accordingly expose the company to increased liability. Individuals hired by or on behalf of us may have workplace accidents and receive citations from OSHA regulators for alleged safety violations, resulting in fines. Any such accidents, citations, violations, injuries or failure to comply with industry best practices may subject us to adverse publicity, damage its reputation and competitive position and adversely affect the business.
Our business has benefited from the declining cost of solar energy system components, but it may be harmed if the cost of such components stabilizes or increases in the future.
Our business has benefited from the declining cost of solar energy system components and to the extent such costs stabilize, decline at a slower rate or increase, our future growth rate may be negatively impacted. The declining cost of solar energy system components and the raw materials necessary to manufacture them has been a key driver in the price of our solar energy systems, and the prices charged for electricity and customer adoption of solar energy. Solar energy system component and raw material prices may not continue to decline at the same rate as they have over the past several years or at all. In addition, growth in the solar industry and the resulting increase in demand for solar energy system components and the raw materials necessary to manufacture them may also put upward pressure on prices. An increase of solar energy system components and raw materials prices could slow growth and cause business and results of operations to suffer. Further, the cost of solar energy system components and raw materials has increased and could increase in the future due to tariff penalties, duties, the loss of or changes in economic governmental incentives or other factors.
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Product liability claims against us could result in adverse publicity and potentially significant monetary damages.
It is possible our solar energy systems or energy storage systems could injure customers or other third parties or our solar energy systems or energy storage systems could cause property damage as a result of product malfunctions, defects, improper installation, fire or other causes. Any product liability claim we face could be expensive to defend and may divert management’s attention. The successful assertion of product liability claims against us could result in potentially significant monetary damages, potential increases in insurance expenses, penalties or fines, subject the company to adverse publicity, damage our reputation and competitive position and adversely affect sales of solar energy systems or energy storage systems. In addition, product liability claims, injuries, defects or other problems experienced by other companies in the residential solar industry could lead to unfavorable market conditions to the industry as a whole and may have an adverse effect on our ability to expand its portfolio of solar service agreements and related solar energy systems and energy storage systems, thus affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our warranty costs may exceed the warranty reserve.
We provide warranties that cover parts performance and labor to purchasers of our solar modules. We also have legacy warranty and performance obligations from our former business manufacturing solar panels. We maintain a warranty reserve on our financial statements, and our warranty claims may exceed the warranty reserve. Any significant warranty expenses could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Significant warranty problems could impair our reputation which could result in lower revenue and a lower gross margin.
We are subject to legal proceedings and regulatory inquiries and may be named in additional claims or legal proceedings or become involved in regulatory inquiries, all of which are costly, distracting to our core business and could result in an unfavorable outcome or harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or the trading price for our securities.
We are involved in claims, legal proceedings that arise from normal business activities. In addition, from time to time, third parties have asserted and may in the future assert claims against us. We evaluate all claims, lawsuits and investigations with respect to their potential merits, our potential defenses and counter claims, settlement or litigation potential and the expected effect on us. In the event that we are involved in significant disputes, including the legal claims noted below, or are the subject of a formal action by a regulatory agency, we could be exposed to costly and time-consuming legal proceedings that could result in any number of outcomes. Although outcomes of such actions vary, any claims, proceedings or regulatory actions initiated by or against us whether successful or not, could result in expensive costs of defense, costly damage awards, injunctive relief, increased costs of business, fines or orders to change certain business practices, significant dedication of management time, diversion of significant operational resources or some other harm to the business. In any of these cases, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be negatively impacted. We make a provision for a liability relating to legal matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, estimated settlements, legal rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. Depending on the nature and timing of any such controversy, an unfavorable resolution of a matter could materially affect our future business, financial condition or results of operations, or all of the foregoing, in a particular quarter.
See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 19. Commitments and Contingencies” for a further discussion of the legal claims summarized therein.
In addition to the other information provided in Note 19, on February 22, 2024, the court in the case issued an order against certain subsidiaries of the Company which awarded Siemens approximately $6.9 million. On March 15, 2024, Siemens filed a motion seeking to recover $2.67 million for attorneys’ fees, expenses, and pre-and post-judgment interest. The Company opposed Siemens’ motion for attorneys’ fees, expenses, and pre- and post-judgment interest on April 5, 2024. On June 17, 2024, the court entered a final order which awarded Siemens a total of $2.0 million in attorneys’ fees and costs. We have appealed these judgments. On August 19, 2024, Siemens applied for the enforcement to a sister state judgment in the Superior Court of Alameda, California and the court entered a judgement in favor of Siemens. On December 9, 2024, Siemens moved to amend the judgment to add Complete Solaria, Inc. as a judgement debtor. Our subsidiaries opposed the Siemens motion. The court heard the motion by submission on April 3, 2025, but has not yet issued a ruling. The Company recognized $6.9 million as a legal loss related to this litigation in 2023, and in 2024, the Company recorded an additional accrual for $2.0 million for attorneys’ fees, expenses, and pre-judgment interest, in accrued expenses and other current liabilities within its consolidated balance sheet as of December 29, 2024. This legal loss was recognized in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recorded a liability of $6.9 million as a legal loss related to this litigation, excluding amounts for attorneys’ fees and costs, in accrued expenses and other current liabilities within its consolidated balance sheets at each of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified directors and officers.
We will face increased legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the requirements of Section 404, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and the rules and regulations promulgated and to be promulgated thereunder, the PCAOB and the securities exchanges, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. Compliance with public company requirements will increase costs and make certain activities more time- consuming. A number of those requirements will require us to carry out activities we had not done previously.
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If any issues in complying with those requirements are identified (for example, if we or the auditors identify a material weakness or significant deficiency in the internal control over financial reporting), we could incur additional costs rectifying those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect our reputation or investor perceptions of it. It may also be more expensive to obtain director and officer liability insurance. Risks associated with our status as a public company may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. The additional reporting and other obligations imposed by these rules and regulations will increase legal and financial compliance costs and the costs of related legal, accounting and administrative activities. These increased costs will require us to divert a significant amount of money that could otherwise be used to expand the business and achieve strategic objectives. Advocacy efforts by stockholders and third parties may also prompt additional changes in governance and reporting requirements, which could further increase costs.
Our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.
We have incurred substantial losses during our history and do not expect to become profitable in the near future and may never achieve profitability. Under current U.S. federal income tax law, unused losses for the tax year ended December 31, 2017 and prior tax years will carry forward to offset future taxable income, if any, until such unused losses expire, and unused federal losses generated after December 31, 2017 will not expire and may be carried forward indefinitely but will be only deductible to the extent of 80% of current year taxable income in any given year. Many states have similar laws.
In addition, both current and future unused net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and other tax attributes may be subject to limitation under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in equity ownership by certain stockholders over a three-year period. The Business Combination may have resulted in an ownership change for us and, accordingly, our NOL carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be subject to limitations (or disallowance) on their use after the Business Combination. Our NOL carryforwards may also be subject to limitation as a result of prior shifts in equity ownership. Additional ownership changes in the future could result in additional limitations on our NOL carryforwards. Consequently, even if we achieve profitability, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of our NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes, which could have a material adverse effect on cash flow and results of operations.
Risks Related to our Common Stock and Other Securities
Our directors, executive officers and principal stockholders will continue to have significant influence over our company, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.
Our directors, executive officers and each of our 5% stockholders and their affiliates, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 28.2% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, based on the number of shares outstanding as of March 31, 2025. As a result, these stockholders, if acting together, will be able to significantly influence matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers, acquisitions or other extraordinary transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree, and which may be adverse to your interests. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.
The trading price of our common stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Fluctuations in the price of our securities could contribute to the loss of all or part of your investment. The trading price of our securities could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. Any of the factors listed below could have a material adverse effect on your investment in our securities and our securities may trade at prices significantly below the price you paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of our securities may not recover and may experience a further decline.
Factors affecting the trading price of our securities:
| ● | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us; |
| ● | changes in the market’s expectations about our operating results; |
| ● | success of competitors; |
| ● | our operating results failing to meet the expectation of securities analysts or investors in a particular period; |
| ● | changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning us or the market in general; |
| ● | operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us; |
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| ● | our ability to develop product candidates; |
| ● | changes in laws and regulations affecting our business; |
| ● | commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving us; |
| ● | changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt; |
| ● | the volume of shares of our securities available for public sale |
| ● | any major change in our board of directors or management; |
| ● | sales of substantial amounts of common stock by our directors, executive officers or significant stockholders or the perception that such sales could occur; and |
| ● | general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism. |
If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our securities adversely, the price and trading volume of our securities could decline.
The trading market for our securities is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market, or our competitors. If any of the analysts who currently cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our securities would likely decline. If any analyst who currently cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. If we obtain additional coverage and any new analyst issues, an adverse or misleading opinion regarding us, our business model, our intellectual property or our stock performance, or if our operating results fail to meet the expectations of analysts, our stock price could decline.
A market for our securities may not continue, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities.
The price of our securities may fluctuate significantly due to general market and economic conditions and an active trading market for our securities may not be sustained. In addition, the price of our securities can vary due to general economic conditions and forecasts, our general business condition and the release of our financial reports. If our securities are not listed on, or become delisted from Nasdaq for any reason, and are quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, an inter-dealer automated quotation system for equity securities that is not a national securities exchange, the liquidity and price of our securities may be more limited than if we were quoted or listed on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established or sustained.
If we fail to meet all applicable requirements of Nasdaq and Nasdaq determines to delist our common stock, the delisting could adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock and the market price of our common stock could decrease.
If we are unable to satisfy the Nasdaq criteria for continued listing, our common stock would be subject to delisting. A delisting of our common stock could negatively impact us by, among other things, reducing the liquidity and market price of our common stock; reducing the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our common stock, which could negatively impact our ability to raise equity financing; decreasing the amount of news and analyst coverage of us; and limiting our ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. In addition, delisting from Nasdaq may negatively impact our reputation and, consequently, our business.
There can be no assurance that we will maintain compliance with the requirements for listing our common stock on Nasdaq. As a result of not filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K within the timeframe required by the SEC, we were not in compliance with the Nasdaq continued listing rules. If we are unable to satisfy the Nasdaq criteria for continued listing, our common stock would be subject to delisting.
If Nasdaq delists our securities from trading on its exchange for failure to meet the listing standards, we and our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences including:
| ● | a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; |
| ● | a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our common stock; |
| ● | a limited amount of analyst coverage; and a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
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Sales of a substantial number of our common stock in the public market by our shareholders could cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stock could decline.
Provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may delay or prevent an acquisition by a third party that could otherwise be in the interests of shareholders.
Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain several provisions that may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire control of us without the approval of our board. These provisions, which may delay, prevent or deter a merger, acquisition, tender offer, proxy contest, or other transaction that stockholders may consider favorable, include the following:
| ● | advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and director nominations; |
| ● | provisions limiting stockholders’ ability to call special meetings of stockholders and to take action by written consent; |
| ● | restrictions on business combinations with interested stockholders; |
| ● | no cumulative voting; and |
| ● | the ability of the board of directors to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could be used, among other things, to institute a rights plan that would have the effect of significantly diluting the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer, likely preventing acquisitions by such acquirer. |
These provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws could discourage potential takeover attempts and reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay for the shares of our common stock in the future, which could reduce the market price of our common stock.
The provision of our Certificate of Incorporation requiring exclusive venue in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the U.S. for certain types of lawsuits may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against directors and officers.
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that, unless otherwise consented to by us in writing, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, another State court in Delaware or the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings:
| ● | any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us; |
| ● | any action asserting a claim of breach of a duty (including any fiduciary duty) owed by any of our current or former directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents to us or our stockholders; |
| ● | any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents relating to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”) or our Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; and |
| ● | any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Delaware, in each such case unless the Court of Chancery (or such other state or federal court located within the State of Delaware, as applicable) has dismissed a prior action by the same plaintiff asserting the same claims because such court lacked personal jurisdiction over an indispensable party named as a defendant therein. |
Our Certificate of Incorporation will further provide that, unless otherwise consented to by us in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the U.S. will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint against any person in connection with any offering of our securities, asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in our securities will be deemed to have notice of and consented to this provision.
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Although our Certificate of Incorporation contains the choice of forum provisions described above, it is possible that a court could rule that such provisions are inapplicable for a particular claim or action or that such provisions are unenforceable. For example, under the Securities Act, federal courts have concurrent jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act, and investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. In addition, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, and, therefore, the exclusive forum provisions described above do not apply to any actions brought under the Exchange Act.
Although we believe these provisions will benefit us by limiting costly and time-consuming litigation in multiple forums and by providing increased consistency in the application of applicable law, these exclusive forum provisions may limit the ability of our shareholders to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such shareholders find favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees.
We may be required to repurchase up to 5,618,488 shares of common stock from the investors with whom we entered into Forward Purchase Agreements in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, which would reduce the amount of cash available to us to fund our growth plan.
On and around July 13, 2023, FACT entered into separate Forward Purchase Agreements (the “Forward Purchase Agreements”) with each of (i) Meteora Special Opportunity Fund I, LP (“MSOF”), Meteora Capital Partners, LP (“MCP”) and Meteora Select Trading Opportunities Master, LP (“MSTO”) (with MSOF, MCP, and MSTO collectively as “Meteora”); (ii) Polar Multi-Strategy Master Fund (“Polar”), and (iii) Diametric True Alpha Market Neutral Master Fund, LP, Diametric True Alpha Enhanced Market Neutral Master Fund, LP, and Pinebridge Partners Master Fund, LP (collectively, “Sandia”, and each of Meteora, Polar, and Sandia, individually, an “FPA Investor”, and together, the “FPA Investors”), pursuant to which FACT (now Complete Solaria following the closing of the Business Combination) agreed to purchase in the aggregate, on the date that is 24 months after the closing date of the Forward Purchase Agreements (the “Maturity Date”), up to 5,618,488 shares of common stock then held by the FPA Investors (subject to certain conditions and purchase limits set forth in the Forward Purchase Agreements). Pursuant to the terms of the Forward Purchase Agreements, each FPA Investor further agreed not to redeem any of the FACT Class A Ordinary Shares owned by it at such time. The per price at which the FPA Investors have the right to sell the shares to us on the Maturity Date will not be less than $5.00 per share. On December 18, 2023, the Company and each FPA Investor entered into separate amendments to the Forward Purchase Agreements (the “First Amendments”). The First Amendments lower the reset floor price of each Forward Purchase Agreement from $5.00 to $3.00 and allow the Company to raise up to $10,000,000 of equity from existing stockholders without triggering certain anti-dilution provisions contained in the Forward Purchase Agreements; provided, the insiders pay a price per share for their initial investment equal to the closing price per share as quoted on the Nasdaq on the day of purchase; provided, further, that any subsequent investments are made at a price per share equal to the greater of (a) the closing price per share as quoted by Nasdaq on the day of the purchase or (b) the amount paid in connection with the initial investment. On May 7 and 8, 2024, respectively, the Company entered into separate amendments to the Forward Purchase Agreements (the collectively the “Second Amendments”) with Sandia (the “Sandia Second Amendment”) and Polar (the “Polar Second Amendment”). The Second Amendments lower the reset price of each Forward Purchase Agreement from $3.00 to $1.00 per share and amend the VWAP Trigger Event provision to read: “After December 31, 2024, an event that occurs if the VWAP Price, for any 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day-period, is below $1.00 per Share.” The Sandia Second Amendment is not effective until the Company executes similar amendments with both Polar and Meteora. Subsequently, on June 14, 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to the Forward Purchase Agreement with Sandia (the “Sandia Third Amendment”). The Sandia Third Amendment sets the reset price of each Forward Purchase Agreement to $1.00 per share and amends the VWAP Trigger Event provision to read: “After December 31, 2024, an event that occurs if the VWAP Price, for any 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day-period, is below $1.00 per Share.” In the event either Polar or Meteora amend their Forward Purchase Agreements to include different terms from the $1.00 reset price and VWAP trigger adjustment, or file a notice of a VWAP trigger event, as referenced herein, the Sandia Forward Purchase Agreement will be retroactively amended to reflect those improved terms and liquidity on the Sandia Forward Purchase Agreement, including any of the 1,050,000 shares that were sold upon execution of the Sandia Forward Purchase Agreement. On July 17, 2024, the Company entered into the third amendment to the Forward Purchase Agreement with Polar (the “Polar Third Amendment”), pursuant to which the Company and Polar agreed that Section 2 (Most Favored Nation) of the Forward Purchase Agreement is applicable to all 2,450,000 shares subject to the Forward Purchase Agreement.
If the FPA Investors hold some or all of the 5,618,488 forward purchase agreement shares on the Maturity Date, and the per share trading price of our common stock is less than the per share price at which the FPA Investors have the right to sell the common stock to us on the Maturity Date, we would expect that the FPA Investors will exercise this repurchase right with respect to such shares. In the event that we are required to repurchase these forward purchase agreement shares, or in the event that the Forward Purchase Agreements are terminated, the amount of cash arising from the Business Combination that would ultimately be available to fund our liquidity and capital resource requirements would be reduced accordingly, which would adversely affect our ability to fund our growth plan in the manner we had contemplated when entering into the Forward Purchase Agreements.
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Warrants to purchase shares of our common stock may not be exercised at all or may be exercised on a cashless basis and we may not receive any cash proceeds from the exercise of such warrants.
The exercise price of warrants to purchase shares of our common stock may be higher than the prevailing market price of the underlying shares of common stock. The exercise price of such warrants is subject to market conditions and may not be advantageous if the prevailing market price of the underlying shares of common stock is lower than the exercise price. The cash proceeds associated with the exercise of such warrants to purchase our common stock are contingent upon our stock price. The value of our common stock will fluctuate and may not align with the exercise price of such warrants at any given time. If such warrants are “out of the money,” meaning the exercise price is higher than the market price of our common stock, there is a high likelihood that warrant holders may choose not to exercise their warrants. As a result, we may not receive any proceeds from the exercise of such warrants.
Furthermore, with regard to certain warrants to purchase shares of our common stock that were issued in a private placement at the time of FACT’s IPO and warrants issued to certain selling securityholders in connection with conversion of working capital loans, it is possible that we may not receive cash upon their exercise, since these warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis. A cashless exercise allows warrant holders to convert the warrants into shares of our common stock without the need for a cash payment. Instead of paying cash upon exercise, the warrant holder would receive a reduced number of shares based on a predetermined formula. As a result, the number of shares issued through a cashless exercise will be lower than if the warrants were exercised on a cash basis, which could impact the cash proceeds we receive from the exercise of such warrants.
Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.
Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including 12.00% Notes due 2029 and the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029 (the 7.00% Notes due 2029 and with the 12.00% Notes due 2029, collectively, the “Convertible Senior Notes”), depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations, including the Convertible Senior Notes.
The conversion features of the Convertible Senior Notes may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
The holders of Convertible Senior Notes will be entitled to convert their notes at and during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), at maturity, we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity.
Certain provisions in the indentures or other agreements governing the Convertible Senior Notes may delay or prevent an otherwise a beneficial takeover attempt of us.
Certain provisions in the indentures or other agreements governing the Convertible Senior Notes may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. For example, the indentures and other agreements governing the Convertible Senior Notes will require us to repurchase the Convertible Senior Notes for cash upon the occurrence of a fundamental change and, in certain circumstances, to increase the conversion rate for a holder that converts its notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change. A takeover of us may trigger the requirement that we repurchase the Convertible Senior Notes and/or increase the conversion rate, which could make it costlier for a potential acquirer to engage in such takeover. Such additional costs may have the effect of delaying or preventing a takeover of us that would otherwise be beneficial to investors.
Conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes may dilute the ownership interest of our stockholders or may otherwise depress the price of our common stock.
The conversion of some or all of the Convertible Senior Notes may dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders. Upon conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes, we have the option to pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. If we elect to settle our conversion obligation in shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, any sales in the public market of our common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Convertible Senior Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes could be used to satisfy short positions, or anticipated conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes into shares of our common stock could depress the price of our common stock.
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The accounting method for the Convertible Senior Notes could adversely affect our reported financial condition and results.
The accounting method for reflecting the Convertible Senior Notes on our balance sheet, accruing interest expense for the Convertible Senior Notes and reflecting the underlying shares of our common stock in our reported diluted earnings per share may adversely affect our reported earnings and financial condition.
In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) published Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06 (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplified certain of the accounting standards that apply to convertible notes. ASU 2020-06 eliminated the cash conversion and beneficial conversion feature modes used to separately account for embedded conversion features as a component of equity. Instead, an entity would account for convertible debt or convertible preferred stock securities as a single unit of account, unless the conversion feature requires bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. Additionally, the guidance requires entities to use the “if-converted” method for all convertible instruments in the diluted earnings per share calculation and to include the effect of potential share settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares. ASU 2020-06 became effective for us beginning on January 1, 2022.
In addition, we expect that the shares of common stock underlying the Convertible Senior Notes will be reflected in our diluted earnings per share using the “if converted” method, in accordance with ASU 2020-06. Under that method, diluted earnings per share would generally be calculated assuming that all the Convertible Senior Notes were converted solely into shares of common stock at the beginning of the reporting period, unless the result would be anti-dilutive. The application of the if-converted method may reduce our reported diluted earnings per share to the extent we are profitable in the future, and accounting standards may change in the future in a manner that may adversely affect our diluted earnings per share.
Furthermore, if any of the conditions to the convertibility of the Convertible Senior Notes is satisfied, then we may be required under applicable accounting standards to reclassify the liability carrying value of the Convertible Senior Notes as a current, rather than a long-term, liability. This reclassification could be required even if no noteholders or holders of affiliate notes convert their notes or affiliate notes, respectively, following the satisfaction of those conditions and could materially reduce our reported working capital.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Risk management and strategy
We are in the process of implementing various information security procedures designed to identify, assess and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats to our critical computer networks, third party hosted services, communications systems, hardware and software, and our critical data, including intellectual property, confidential information that is proprietary, strategic or competitive in nature.
Our Chief Information Officer, Chief Legal Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer help identify, assess and manage the Company’s cybersecurity threats and risks. They will identify and assess risks from cybersecurity threats by monitoring and evaluating our threat environment using various methods including, for example manual and automated tools, subscribing to reports and services that identify cybersecurity threats, conducting scans of the threat environment, evaluating threats reported to us, internal and external audits, conducting threat assessments for internal and external threats, third-party threat assessments and conducting vulnerability assessments to identify vulnerabilities.
Depending on the environment, we are in the process of implementing various technical, physical, and organizational measures, processes, standards and policies designed to manage and mitigate material risks from cybersecurity threats to our Information Systems and Data, including, for example: incident response plan, incident detection, vulnerability management policy, network security controls, access controls, physical controls, systems monitoring, vendor risk management program, employee training, penetration testing, systems monitoring.
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Our assessment and management
of material risks from cybersecurity threats will be
We use
We use third-party service providers to perform a variety of functions throughout our business, such as application providers and hosting companies.
For a description of the risks
from cybersecurity threats that may
Governance
Our Vice President of Information Technology is responsible for hiring appropriate personnel, helping to integrate cybersecurity risk considerations into the Company’s overall risk management strategy, and communicating key priorities to relevant personnel. The Chief Financial Officer is responsible for approving budgets, helping prepare for cybersecurity incidents, approving cybersecurity processes, and reviewing security assessments and other security-related reports.
Our cybersecurity incident
response policy is being designed to escalate certain cybersecurity incidents to members of management depending on the circumstances.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2023, our major facilities consisted of:
| Principal Operations | Facility | Location | Approximate square footage | Ownership | Year When Lease Term Ends | |||||||
| Headquarters | Office space | Fremont, CA | 22,847 | Leased | 2026 | |||||||
| General administrative and operations | Office space | Orem, UT | 43,470 | Leased | 2027 | |||||||
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information with respect to legal proceedings is set forth under Note 19 – Commitments and Contingencies, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K, and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Complete Solaria’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, is traded on the Nasdaq under the symbol “SPWR.”
As of March 31, 2025, there were approximately 140 holders of record of our common stock. Additionally, there were 194 holders of record of our warrants.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
N/A
Dividends
We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock and have no plans to pay dividends. For more information on our common stock and dividend rights, see “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 13. Common Stock.”
ITEM 6. RESERVED
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Please also see the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Overview
Complete Solaria was formed in November 2022 through the merger of Complete Solar and Solaria. Founded in 2010, Complete Solar created a technology platform to offer clean energy products to homeowners by enabling a national network of sales partners and build partners. Our sales partners generate solar installation contracts with homeowners on our behalf. To facilitate this process, we provide the software tools, sales support and brand identity to our sales partners, making them competitive with national providers. This turnkey solution makes it easy for anyone to sell solar.
We fulfill our customer contracts by using in-house installation experts and by engaging with local construction specialists. We manage the customer experience and complete all pre-construction activities prior to delivering build-ready projects including hardware, engineering plans, and building permits to our builder partners. We manage and coordinate this process through our proprietary software system.
There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. The consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been prepared assuming the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. They do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to its ability to continue as a going concern.
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Growth Strategy and Outlook
Our growth strategy contains the following elements:
| ● | Increase revenue by expanding installation capacity and developing new geographic markets – We continue to expand our network of partners who will install systems resulting from sales generated by our sales partners. By leveraging this network of skilled builders in addition to our in-house installation experts, we aim to increase our installation capacity in our traditional markets and expand our offering into new geographies throughout the U.S. This will enable greater sales growth in existing markets and create new revenue in expansion markets. |
| ● | Increase revenue and margin by engaging national-scale sales partners – We aim to offer a turnkey solar solution to prospective sales partners with a national footprint. These include electric vehicle manufacturers, national home security providers, and real estate brokerages. We expect to create a consistent offering with a single execution process for such sales partners throughout their geographic territories. These national accounts have unique customer relationships that we believe will facilitate meaningful sales opportunities and low cost of acquisition to both increase revenue and improve margin. |
The Mergers
We entered into an Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement with FACT, First Merger Sub, Second Merger Sub, and Solaria on October 3, 2022. The Merger was consummated on July 18, 2023. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger, (i) First Merger Sub merged with and into Complete Solaria with Complete Solaria surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of FACT (the “First Merger”), (ii) immediately thereafter and as part of the same overall transaction, Complete Solaria merged with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of FACT (the “Second Merger”), and FACT changed its name to “Complete Solaria, Inc.” and Second Merger Sub changed its name to “CS, LLC” and (iii) immediately after the consummation of the Second Merger and as part of the same overall transaction, Solaria merged with and into a newly formed Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of FACT and changed its name to “The SolarCA LLC” (“Third Merger Sub”), with Third Merger Sub surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of FACT (the “Additional Merger”, and together with the First Merger and the Second Merger, the “Mergers”).
The Mergers between Complete Solaria and FACT has been accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, FACT is treated as the acquired company for financial statement reporting purposes. This determination was primarily based on the Company having a majority of the voting power of the post-combination company, the Company’s senior management comprising substantially all of the senior management of the post-combination company, and the Company’s operations comprising the ongoing operations of the post-combination company. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Mergers have been treated as the equivalent of a capital transaction in which Complete Solaria is issuing stock for the net assets of FACT. The net assets of FACT have been stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.
Disposal Transaction
In October 2023, we completed the divestiture of our solar panel business to Maxeon (“Divestiture”), pursuant to the terms of the Disposal Agreement. Under the terms of the Disposal Agreement, Maxeon agreed to acquire certain assets and employees of Complete Solaria, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $11.0 million consisting of 1,100,000 shares of Maxeon ordinary shares. We determined that the criteria were met for discontinued operations classification as the divestiture represented a strategic shift in our business. In connection with the Divestiture, we recognized a loss from discontinued operations of $2.0 million and $173.4 million in the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We also sold all the Maxeon shares in the year ended December 31, 2023, and recorded a $4.2 million loss on the sale of these shares in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Below we have discussed our historical results of continuing operations, which excludes our product revenues and related metrics, as all results of operations associated with the solar panel business have been presented as discontinued operations, unless otherwise noted.
SunPower Acquisition Transaction
On August 5, 2024, we entered into the aforementioned APA among us and the SunPower Debtors which provided for the sale and purchase of certain assets relating to the Blue Raven Solar business, New Homes Business and Non-Installing Dealer network previously operated by the SunPower Debtors (the “Acquired SunPower Assets”). The sale by SunPower was approved on September 23, 2024, by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. We completed the acquisition (“Acquisition”) of the Acquired SunPower Assets (“SunPower Businesses”) effective September 30, 2024.
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Financing of the Acquisition
Complete Solaria financed the Acquisition by issuing 7% convertible senior notes (“September 2024 Notes”) in September 2024, which are due in 2029. The September 2024 Notes mature on July 1, 2029 and are convertible into the Company’s common stock at the option of the holder at a conversion rate of $2.14 per share. The September 2024 Notes will become immediately due and payable at the option of the holder in the event of default and upon a qualifying change of control event.
Key Financial Definitions/Components of Results of Operations
Revenues
Revenue is recognized for Residential Solar Installation and New Home Business when a customer obtains control of promised products and services and we have satisfied our performance obligations which is the date by which substantially all of our design and installation is complete for a fully functioning solar power system to interconnect to the local power grid.
Installation includes the design of a solar energy system, the delivery of the components of the solar energy system (i.e., photovoltaic system, inverter, battery storage, etc.), installation services and services facilitating the connection of the solar energy system to the power grid. We account for these services as inputs to a combined output, resulting in a single service-based performance obligation.
The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration which we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for the products and services. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps:
Step 1. Identification of the contract(s) with a customer;
Step 2. Identification of the performance obligations in the contracts(s);
Step 3. Determination of the transaction price;
Step 4. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations;
Step 5. Recognition of the revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.
Residential Solar Installation Revenues
Our Residential Solar Installation segment sells products through a network of installing and non-installing dealers and resellers, as well as our internal sales team. Our contracts with customers include three primary contract types:
| ● | Cash agreements – We contract directly with homeowners who purchase the solar energy system and related services from us. Customers are invoiced on a billing schedule, where the majority of the transaction price is due upon installation with an additional payment due when the system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. |
| ● | Financing partner agreements – In our financing partner agreements, we contract directly with homeowners for the purchase of the solar energy system and related services. We refer the homeowner to a financing partner to finance the system, and the homeowner makes payments directly to the financing partner. We receive consideration from the financing partner on a billing schedule where the majority of the transaction price is due upon installation with an additional payment due when the system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. |
| ● | Power purchase agreements and lease agreements – We contract directly with a leasing partner to perform the solar energy system installation, and the homeowner will finance the system through a power purchase agreement (or lease), which is signed with our leasing partner. We consider the leasing partner to be our customer, as we do not contract directly with the homeowner and the leasing partner takes ownership of the system upon the completion of installation. We receive consideration from the leasing partner on a billing schedule where the majority of the transaction price is due upon installation with an additional payment due when the system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. |
New Home Business Revenues
Our New Homes Business sells through a network of home builders as well as our internal sales team. Our contracts with customers include two primary contract types:
| ● | Cash agreements – We contract directly with homebuilders who purchase the solar energy system from us and are the customers in the transaction. Our customers are invoiced upon the completion of installation. |
| ● | Lease agreements – Prior to the SunPower Corporation’s declaration of bankruptcy, certain homeowners had intended to lease a system from the SunPower Corporation, but were unable to consummate the transaction (as a result of SunPower’s declaration of bankruptcy). The in-process system inventory (installed on recently constructed homes) was acquired by us in connection with the SunPower Acquisition. We contracted directly with a leasing partner to facilitate the leasing of the system to the impacted homeowners. We consider the leasing partner to be our customer. Under the terms of our arrangement with the leasing partner, control is not transferred to the customer until the completed system is accepted by the customer. We receive consideration from the leasing partner following the acceptance of the system. |
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Our performance obligation for both reportable segments is to design and install a fully functioning solar energy system. For all contract types (with the exception of New Homes Business Lease agreements), we recognize revenue over time. Our over-time revenue recognition begins when the solar power system is fully installed (as it is at this point that control of the asset begins to be transferred to the customer and the customer retains the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the solar power system). We recognize revenue using the input method based on direct costs to install the system and defer the costs of installation until such time that control of the asset transfers to the customer (installation). For New Homes Business Lease agreements, we consider the performance obligation to be satisfied at a point in time upon acceptance of the system by the customer.
Revenue is generally recognized at the transaction price contained within the agreement, net of costs of financing, or other consideration paid to the customers that is not in exchange for a distinct good or service. Our arrangements may contain clauses that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Variable consideration is estimated at each measurement date at its most likely amount to the extent that it is probably that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur and true-ups are applied prospectively as such estimates change.
We record deferred revenue for amounts invoiced that are received in advance of the provisioning of services. In certain contracts with customers, we arrange for a third-party financing partner to provide financing to the customer. We collect upfront from the financing partner and the customer will provide installment payments to the financing partner. We record revenue in the amount received from the financing partner, net of any financing fees charged to the homeowner, which we consider to be a customer incentive. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component.
Costs to obtain and fulfill contracts
Our costs to obtain and fulfill contracts, when recognized, associated with systems sales are expensed as sales commission and cost of revenue, respectively. In addition, incentives we provide to our customers, such as discounts and rebates, are recorded net to the revenue we have recognized on the solar power system.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of cost of material, internal labor costs, third-party subcontractors, design services, engineering personnel and employee-related expenses associated with permitting services, associated warranty costs, freight and delivery costs, depreciation, and amortization of internally developed software. Cost of revenues from these services is recognized when the Company transfers control of the product to the customer, which is generally upon installation.
Operating Expenses
Sales Commissions
Sales commissions are direct and incremental costs of obtaining customer contracts. These costs are paid to internal sales teams and third-party vendors who source residential customer contracts for the sale of solar energy systems.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of personnel related costs, including salaries and employee benefits, stock-based compensation, and other promotional and advertising expenses. We expense certain sales and marketing, including promotional expenses, as incurred.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for employees, in our finance, research, engineering, and administrative teams including salaries, bonuses, payroll taxes, and stock-based compensation. It also consists of legal, consulting, and professional fees, rent expenses pertaining to our offices, business insurance costs and other costs.
Interest Expense
Interest expense primarily relates to interest expense on the issuance of debt and convertible notes and the amortization of debt issuance costs.
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Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net consists of changes in the fair value of our convertible notes, the impact of debt extinguishment, troubled debt restructuring, changes in the fair value of stock warrant liabilities and forward purchase agreements, and loss on the sale of an equity investment.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense primarily consists of income taxes in certain foreign and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business.
Supply Chain Constraints and Risk
We rely on a small number of suppliers of solar energy systems and other equipment. If any of our suppliers was unable or unwilling to provide us with contracted quantities in a timely manner at prices, quality levels and volumes acceptable to us, we would have very limited alternatives for supply, and we may not be able find suitable replacements for our customers, or at all. Such an event could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the global supply chain and our industry have experienced significant disruptions in recent periods. We have seen supply chain challenges and logistics constraints increase, including shortages of panels, inverters, batteries and associated component parts for inverters and solar energy systems available for purchase, which materially impacted our results of operations. In an effort to mitigate unpredictable lead times, we experienced a substantial build up in inventory on hand commencing in early 2022 in response to global supply chain constraints. In certain cases, this has caused delays in critical equipment and inventory, longer lead times, and has resulted in cost volatility. These shortages and delays can be attributed in part to the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting government action, as well as broader macroeconomic conditions, and have been exacerbated by the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and Israel. While we believe that a majority our suppliers have secured sufficient supply to permit them to continue delivery and installations through the end of 2023, if these shortages and delays persist into 2024, they could adversely affect the timing of when battery energy storage systems can be delivered and installed, and when (or if) we can begin to generate revenue from those systems. If any of our suppliers of solar modules experienced disruptions in the supply of the modules’ component parts, for example semiconductor solar wafers or investors, this may decrease production capabilities and restrict our inventory and sales. In addition, we have experienced and are experiencing varying levels of volatility in costs of equipment and labor resulting in part from disruptions caused by general global economic conditions. While inflationary pressures have resulted in higher costs of products, in part due to an increase in the cost of the materials and wage rates, these additional costs have been offset by the related rise in electricity rates.
We cannot predict the full effects the supply chain constraints will have on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations at this time due to numerous uncertainties. Given the dynamic nature of these circumstances on our ongoing business, results of operations and overall financial performance, the full impact of macroeconomic factors, including the conflicts in Ukraine and Israel, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. In the event we are unable to mitigate the impact of delays or price volatility in solar energy systems, raw materials, and freight, it could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. For additional information on risk factors that could impact our results, please refer to “Risk Factors” located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. In many instances, we could have reasonably used different accounting estimates, and in other instances, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period-to-period. Actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. Our future financial statements will be affected to the extent that our actual results materially differ from these estimates. For further information on all of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We believe that policies associated with our revenue recognition and business combination have the greatest impact on our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.
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Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized for Residential Solar Installation and New Home Business when a customer obtains control of promised products and services and we have satisfied our performance obligations which is the date by which substantially all of our design and installation is complete for a fully functioning solar power system to interconnect to the local power grid.
Installation includes the design of a solar energy system, the delivery of the components of the solar energy system (i.e., photovoltaic system, inverter, battery storage, etc.), installation services and services facilitating the connection of the solar energy system to the power grid. We account for these services as inputs to a combined output, resulting in a single service-based performance obligation.
The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration which we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for the products and services. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps:
Step 1. Identification of the contract(s) with a customer;
Step 2. Identification of the performance obligations in the contracts(s);
Step 3. Determination of the transaction price;
Step 4. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations;
Step 5. Recognition of the revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.
Residential Solar Installation Revenues
Our Residential Solar Installation segment sells products through a network of installing and non-installing dealers and resellers, as well as our internal sales team. Our contracts with customers include three primary contract types:
| ● | Cash agreements – We contract directly with homeowners who purchase the solar energy system and related services from us. Customers are invoiced on a billing schedule, where the majority of the transaction price is due upon installation with an additional payment due when the system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. |
| ● | Financing partner agreements – In our financing partner agreements, we contract directly with homeowners for the purchase of the solar energy system and related services. We refer the homeowner to a financing partner to finance the system, and the homeowner makes payments directly to the financing partner. We receive consideration from the financing partner on a billing schedule where the majority of the transaction price is due upon installation with an additional payment due when the system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. |
| ● | Power purchase agreements and lease agreements – We contract directly with a leasing partner to perform the solar energy system installation, and the homeowner will finance the system through a power purchase agreement (or lease), which is signed with our leasing partner. We consider the leasing partner to be our customer, as we do not contract directly with the homeowner and the leasing partner takes ownership of the system upon the completion of installation. We receive consideration from the leasing partner on a billing schedule where the majority of the transaction price is due upon installation with an additional payment due when the system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. |
New Home Business Revenues
Our New Homes Business sells through a network of home builders as well as our internal sales team. Our contracts with customers include two primary contract types:
| ● |
Cash agreements – We contract directly with homebuilders who purchase the solar energy system from us and are the customers in the transaction. Our customers are invoiced upon the completion of installation.
| |
| ● | Lease agreements – Prior to the SunPower Corporation’s declaration of bankruptcy, certain homeowners had intended to lease a system from the SunPower Corporation, but were unable to consummate the transaction (as a result of SunPower’s declaration of bankruptcy). The in-process system inventory (installed on recently constructed homes) was acquired by us in connection with the SunPower Acquisition. We contracted directly with a leasing partner to facilitate the leasing of the system to the impacted homeowners. We consider the leasing partner to be our customer. Under the terms of our arrangement with the leasing partner, control is not transferred to the customer until the completed system is accepted by the customer. We receive consideration from the leasing partner following the acceptance of the system. |
Our performance obligation for both reportable segments is to design and install a fully functioning solar energy system. For all contract types (with the exception of New Homes Business Lease agreements), we recognize revenue over time. Our over-time revenue recognition begins when the solar power system is fully installed (as it is at this point that control of the asset begins to be transferred to the customer and the customer retains the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the solar power system). We recognize revenue using the input method based on direct costs to install the system and defer the costs of installation until such time that control of the asset transfers to the customer (installation). For New Homes Business Lease agreements, we consider the performance obligation to be satisfied at a point in time upon acceptance of the system by the customer.
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Revenue is generally recognized at the transaction price contained within the agreement, net of costs of financing, or other consideration paid to the customers that is not in exchange for a distinct good or service. Our arrangements may contain clauses that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Variable consideration is estimated at each measurement date at its most likely amount to the extent that it is probably that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur and true-ups are applied prospectively as such estimates change.
We record deferred revenue for amounts invoiced that are received in advance of the provisioning of services. In certain contracts with customers, we arrange for a third-party financing partner to provide financing to the customer. We collect upfront from the financing partner and the customer will provide installment payments to the financing partner. We record revenue in the amount received from the financing partner, net of any financing fees charged to the homeowner, which we consider to be a customer incentive. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component.
Costs to obtain and fulfill contracts
Our costs to obtain and fulfill contracts, when recognized, associated with systems sales are expensed as sales commission and cost of revenue, respectively. In addition, incentives we provide to our customers, such as discounts and rebates, are recorded net to the revenue we have recognized on the solar power system.
Accounting for Business Combinations
We record all acquired assets and liabilities, including goodwill, and other identifiable intangible assets at fair value. The initial recording of goodwill, other identifiable intangible assets, requires certain estimates and assumptions concerning the determination of the fair values and useful lives. The judgments made in the context of the purchase price allocation can materially affect our future results of operations. Accordingly, for significant acquisitions, we obtain assistance from third-party valuation specialists. The valuations calculated from estimates are based on information available at the acquisition date. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to annual tests for impairment or more frequent tests if events or circumstances indicate it may be impaired. Other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
A discussion of recently issued accounting standards applicable to Complete Solaria is described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations
Fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 (“2024”) compared to year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023”)
In this section, we discuss the results of our operations for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. We discuss our cash flows and current financial condition under “Liquidity and Capital Resources”.
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The following table sets forth our statements of operations data for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We have derived this data from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any future period. Within the tables presented, percentages are calculated based on the underlying whole-dollar amounts and, therefore, may not recalculate exactly from the rounded numbers used for disclosure purposes.
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | Change | Change | ||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 108,742 | $ | 87,616 | $ | 21,126 | 24 | % | ||||||||
| Cost of revenues(1) | 69,240 | 69,828 | (588 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||
| Gross profit | 39,502 | 17,788 | 21,714 | 122 | ||||||||||||
| Gross margin % | 36 | % | 20 | % | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Sales commissions | 24,590 | 31,127 | (6,537 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||||||||
| Sales and marketing(1) | 6,827 | 6,920 | (93 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||
| General and administrative(1) | 76,594 | 32,099 | 44,495 | 139 | ||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 108,011 | 70,146 | 37,865 | 54 | ||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | (68,509 | ) | (52,358 | ) | (16,151 | ) | 31 | |||||||||
| Interest expense(2) | (16,223 | ) | (14,033 | ) | (2,190 | ) | 16 | |||||||||
| Interest income | 19 | 36 | (17 | ) | (47 | ) | ||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net(3) | 7,932 | (29,862 | ) | 37,794 | (127 | ) | ||||||||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring(4) | 22,337 | — | 22,337 | * | ||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before taxes | (54,444 | ) | (96,217 | ) | 41,773 | (43 | ) | |||||||||
| Income tax benefit (provision) | — | 20 | (20 | ) | (100 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | (54,444 | ) | $ | (96,197 | ) | $ | 41,753 | (43 | ) | ||||||
| (1) | Includes stock-based compensation expense. See table below. |
| (2) | Includes interest expense to related parties of $7.6 million and $0.4 million during the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. |
| (3) |
Other income (expense), net, in the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, includes the following related party transactions; (i) $0.7 million of expense in connection with the conversion of SAFE Agreements into shares of common stock and the change in the fair value of SAFE Agreements, (ii) $3.0 million of expense in connection with the loss on issuance of a derivative liability and $0.3 million of income due to the change in the value of derivative liabilities, and (iii) $0.1 million of income in connection with the change in the fair value of forward purchase agreements.
Other income (expense), net in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, includes the following related party transaction; $0.7 million of expense for bonus shares issued in connection with the Mergers; $0.4 million of forward purchase agreements entered into and $9.1 million of change in the fair value of the forward purchase agreements; and $30.7 million of expense for shares issued in connection with the forward purchase agreements |
| (4) | Gain includes $12.5 million with a related party in the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024. |
| * | Percentage change not meaningful. |
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cost of revenues | $ | 157 | $ | 84 | ||||
| Sales and marketing | 598 | 487 | ||||||
| General and administrative | 2,312 | 2,252 | ||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 3,067 | $ | 2,823 | ||||
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Revenues
We disaggregate our revenues based on the following operating segments (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Residential Solar Installation | $ | 67,460 | $ | 87,616 | $ | (20,156 | ) | (23 | )% | |||||||
| New Homes Business | 41,282 | — | 41,282 | 100 | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 108,742 | $ | 87,616 | $ | 21,126 | 24 | |||||||||
Total revenues increased by $21.1 million or 24%, during 2024 compared to 2023. This increase includes $84.6 million in revenue generated from the SunPower acquisition, partially offset by a decrease in legacy solar energy system installation of $61.0 million or 70% when compared to the previous year. The decrease in Residential Solar Installation during 2024 is primarily a result of decreased demand for solar energy systems due to the net energy metering program (“NEM 3.0”) that went live in California in April 2023, an overall softening in the industry due to reduced economic outlook in key markets, and rising interest rates.
The decrease in software enhanced services during 2024 was the result of a shift in focus towards solar energy installations.
Cost of Revenues
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Residential Solar Installations | $ | 45,266 | $ | 69,828 | $ | (24,562 | ) | (35 | )% | |||||||
| New Homes Business | 23,974 | — | 23,974 | 100 | ||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenues | $ | 69,240 | $ | 69,828 | $ | (588 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||
| Gross Margin | ||||||||||||||||
| Total gross margin | 36 | % | 20 | % | ||||||||||||
Total costs of revenues decreased by $0.5 million, during 2024 compared to 2023. This decrease includes $49.0 million in cost of revenue generated from the SunPower acquisition partially offset by a $49.5 million or 1% decrease in costs attributable to decrease in legacy solar energy systems revenues
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Gross Margin
Gross margin increased from 20% for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 to 36% for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024. The increase in gross margin is primarily attributed to the SunPower acquisition. New Homes Business has a higher gross margin because the systems are integrated into new builds whereas solar system installations require retrofitting that may require additional labor and costly renovations for optimal roof orientation and proper installation.
Sales Commissions
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Residential Solar Installations | $ | 23,388 | $ | 31,127 | $ | (7,739 | ) | (25 | )% | |||||||
| New Homes Business | 1,202 | — | 1,202 | 100 | ||||||||||||
| Sales Commission | $ | 24,590 | $ | 31,127 | $ | (6,537 | ) | (21 | ) | |||||||
The decrease in Residential Solar Installations commissions during 2024 compared to 2023 is attributed to a decrease in sales in solar system installation revenue and overall decrease in customer acquisition costs.
Sales and Marketing
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Residential Solar Installations | $ | 6,827 | $ | 6,920 | $ | (93 | ) | (1 | )% | |||||||
| New Homes Business | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Sales & Marketing | $ | 6,827 | $ | 6,920 | $ | (93 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||
Residential Solar Installation expense decreased in 2024 compared to 2023 due to the decrease in revenues and a reduction in incentives and rebates for the solar energy system installations.
General and Administrative
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Residential Solar Installations | $ | 73,362 | $ | 32,099 | $ | 41,263 | 129 | % | ||||||||
| New Homes Business | 3,232 | — | 3,232 | 100 | ||||||||||||
| Sales & Marketing | $ | 76,594 | $ | 32,099 | $ | 44,495 | 139 | |||||||||
The increase in general and administrative costs during 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily attributed to transformation costs as it relates to the SunPower acquisition. Increases in contractors, professional services such as legal, accounting and other outside services costs of $14.0 million related to the acquisition, payroll of $10.4 million, bad debt expense of $10.0 million, and overall one-time costs of $13.3 million of integrating the companies include consultants to identify areas of automation and operational synergies, software implementation, and data migration.
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Interest Expense
Interest expense for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 increased $2.2 million or 16%, compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributed to debt restructuring that was completed during the third quarter of fiscal 2024.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net was $7.9 million for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024. The expenses consisted primarily of and increased due to $34.0 million gain on remeasurement of derivative liability, and $6.5 million due to the change in fair value of warrant liability, warrants, forward purchase agreement liabilities and SAFE Agreement. The increase is offset by $24.7 million loss on issuance of a derivative liability, $1.3 million change in the fair value of FACT public, private placement and working capital warrants, $1.3 million loss on conversion of SAFE agreements to common stock with a related party and $3.8 million in other financing costs.
Other income (expense), net was $29.9 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The expenses consisted primarily of $35.4 million in other expense related to the issuance of common stock in connection with the FPAs, the loss on extinguishment of debt in CS Solis of $10.3 million, the loss on sale of Maxeon equity securities of $4.2 million, $3.9 million in other expense associated with the change in fair value of FPAs, $2.4 million for the issuance of bonus shares in connection with the Mergers, $3.0 million relating to expenses relating to disposed operations and other expenses of $0.4 million. These expenses were offset by $29.3 million related to the change in fair value of our warrant liabilities.
Net Loss from Continuing Operations
As a result of the factors discussed above, our net loss from continuing operations for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, was $54.4 million a decrease of $41.8 million, as compared to a net loss from continuing operations of $96.2 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, we have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations. We incurred net losses of $56.5 million and $269.6 million, during the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $411.4 million and current debt of $1.5 million as of December 29, 2024. We had cash and cash equivalents of $13.4 million as of December 29, 2024, which were held for working capital expenditures. We believe our operating losses and negative operating cash flows will continue into the foreseeable future. We have financed our operations primarily through sales of equity securities, the issuance of convertible notes and cash generated from operations. Our cash equivalents are on deposit with major financial institutions. Our cash position raises substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern for 12 months following the issuance of the consolidated financial statements.
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We will receive the proceeds from any cash exercise of any warrants. The aggregate amount of proceeds could be up to $257.3 million if all the warrants are exercised for cash. However, to the extent the warrants are exercised on a “cashless basis,” the amount of cash we would receive from the exercise of the warrants will decrease. The Private Warrants and Working Capital Warrants may be exercised for cash or on a “cashless basis.” The Public Warrants and the Mergers Warrants may only be exercised for cash provided there is then an effective registration statement registering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of such warrants. If there is not a then-effective registration statement, then such warrants may be exercised on a “cashless basis,” pursuant to an available exemption from registration under the Securities Act. We expect to use any such proceeds for general corporate and working capital purposes, which would increase our liquidity. As of April 28, 2025, the price of our common stock was $2.05 per share. The weighted average exercise price of the warrants was $8.12 as of December 29, 2024. We believe the likelihood that warrant holders will exercise their warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the market price of our common stock. If the market price for our common stock remains less than the exercise price, we believe warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise. In which case we will not receive any proceeds from the cash exercise of the warrants.
Debt Financings
In July 2024 we issued $46.0 million of 12% senior unsecured convertible notes. Of this issuance, $28.0 million was for cash and $18.0 million was in an exchange of existing debt on our consolidated balance sheet. Also during 2024, we issued $79.8 million of 7% senior unsecured convertible notes for cash.
12% Unsecured Convertible Senior Notes
In July 2024, we issued $46.0 million of senior unsecured convertible notes (“July 2024 Notes”) to various lenders. Including in connection with the exchange agreement transactions summarized below. Of the July 2024 Notes, $18.0 million were issued in exchange for the cancellation of indebtedness as discussed below, which amount included $10.0 million issued to a strategic investor identified by us as a related party. The July 2024 Notes also included $18.0 million issued to a related party affiliated with the Company’s CEO, Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust. The July 2024 Notes bear interest at 12% per annum and mature on July 1, 2029. The interest rate increases by 3% in the event of default. The July 2024 Notes are convertible into shares of our common stock at the option of the holder at a conversion rate and initially equal to 595.2381 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the July notes. The July 2024 Notes may be declared due and payable at the option of the holder upon event of default and upon a qualifying change of control event.
7% Unsecured Convertible Senior Notes
In September 2024, we issued $66.8 million of senior unsecured convertible notes to various lenders (the “September 2024 Notes”), $8.0 million of which were issued to a related party. In December 2024, we issued additional September 2024 Notes for cash proceeds of $13.0 million. The September 2024 Notes bear interest at 7% per annum and mature on July 1, 2029. The September 2024 Notes are initially convertible into 467.8363 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of September 2024 Notes. The September 2024 Notes may be declared due and payable at the option of the holder upon an event of default and upon a qualifying change of control event.
Exchange Agreement
On July 1, 2024, we entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with CSEF Holdings, LLC and its affiliates (“Carlyle”) and Kline Hill (as defined below) providing for:
| (i) | the cancellation of all indebtedness, inclusive of the CS Solis Debt, owed to Carlyle by the Company, termination of all debt instruments by and between the Company and Carlyle (through the transfer of Carlyle’s interest in CS Solis, LLC, to the Company), and the satisfaction of all obligations owed to Carlyle by the Company under the terminated debt instruments; |
| (ii) | the issuance of a note for the principal amount of $10.0 million to Carlyle as part of the July 2024 Notes; |
| (iii) | the cancellation of all indebtedness owed to Kline Hill Partners Fund LP, Kline Hill Partners IV SPV LLC, and Kline Hill Partners Opportunity IV SPV, LLC (collectively “Kline Hill”). by the Company, termination of all debt instruments by and between the Company and Kline Hill, including the 2018 Bridge Notes, the revolving loan and the secured credit facility, and the satisfaction of all obligations owed to Kline Hill by the Company under the terminated debt instruments; |
| (iv) | the issuance of a note for the principal amount of $8.0 million to Kline Hill as part of the July 2024 Notes; and |
| (v) | the issuance of 1,500,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”) to Kline Hill (the “Shares”) |
As a result of the Exchange Agreement, we settled our obligations relating to (i) 2018 Bridge Notes issued in 2018 which bore interest at 8% per annum, (ii) $3.7 million of the Revolving Loan entered into in 2020 which bore interest at the greater of 7.75% or Prime plus 4.5%; (iii) a Secured Credit Facility entered into in December 2022 which required the Company to repay amounts borrowed based upon a multiplier of 1.15 if repaid within 75 days and 1.175 if repaid after 75 days; and (iv) debt with CS Solis, an investment by Carlyle. The cancellation of existing indebtedness of these obligations in the Exchange Agreement aggregated to $65.9 million.
The Revolving Loan has a remaining outstanding balance of $1.5 million as of December 29, 2024 due to the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust, a related party.
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Polar Settlement Agreement
In September 2023, in connection with the Mergers, we entered into a settlement and release agreement with Polar Multi-Strategy Master Fund (“Polar”) for the settlement of a working capital loan that had been made by Polar to the Sponsor, prior to the closing of the Mergers. The settlement agreement required us to pay Polar $0.5 million in ten equal monthly installments and did not accrue interest. The balance outstanding was $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023. The remaining balance owed to Polar was paid in full in 2024.
Forward Purchase Agreements
In July 2023, FACT and Legacy Complete Solaria, Inc. entered into FPAs with each of (i) Meteora; (ii) Polar, and (iii) Sandia (each individually, a “Seller”, and together, the “FPA Sellers”).
Pursuant to the terms of the FPAs, the FPA Sellers may purchase through a broker in the open market, from holders of Shares other than the Company or affiliates thereof, FACT’s ordinary shares, par value of $0.0001 per share, (the “Shares”). While the FPA Sellers have no obligation to purchase any Shares under the FPAs, the aggregate total Shares that may be purchased under the FPAs shall be no more than 6,720,000 in aggregate. The FPA Sellers may not beneficially own greater than 9.9% of issued and outstanding Shares following the Mergers as per the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement.
The key terms of the forward contracts are as follows:
| ● | The FPA Sellers can terminate the transaction following the Optional Early Termination (“OET”) Date which shall specify the quantity by which the number of shares is to be reduced (such quantity, the “Terminated Shares”). Seller shall terminate the transaction in respect of any shares sold on or prior to the maturity date. The counterparty is entitled to an amount from the seller equal to the number of terminated shares multiplied by a reset price. The reset price is initially $10.56 (the “Initial Price”) and is subject to a $5.00 floor. |
| ● | The FPAs contains multiple settlement outcomes. Per the terms of the agreements, the FPAs will (1) settle in cash in the event the Company is due cash upon settlement from the FPA Sellers or (2) settle in either cash or shares, at the discretion of the Company, should the settlement amount adjustment exceed the settlement amount. Should the Company elect to settle via shares, the equity will be issued in Complete Solaria Common Stock, with a per share price based on the volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) Price over 15 scheduled trading days. The magnitude of the settlement is based on the Settlement Amount, an amount equal to the product of: (1) Number of shares issued to the FPA Seller pursuant to the FPA, less the number of Terminated Shares multiplied by (2) the VWAP Price over the valuation period. The Settlement amount will be reduced by the Settlement Adjustment, an amount equal to the product of (1) Number of shares in the Pricing Date Notice, less the number of Terminated Shares multiplied by $2.00. |
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| ● | The Settlement occurs as of the Valuation Date, which is the earlier to occur of (a) the date that is two years after the date of the Closing Date of the Mergers (b) the date specified by Seller in a written notice to be delivered to Counterparty at Seller’s discretion (which Valuation Date shall not be earlier than the day such notice is effective) after the occurrence of certain triggering events; and (c) 90 days after delivery by the Counterparty of a written notice in the event that for any 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day-period (the “Measurement Period”) that occurs at least 6 months after the Closing Date, the VWAP Price is less than the then applicable Reset Price. |
We entered into four separate FPAs, three of which, associated with the obligation to issue 6,300,000 Shares, were entered into prior to the closing of the Mergers. Upon signing the FPAs, we incurred an obligation to issue a fixed number of shares to the FPA Sellers contingent upon the closing of the Mergers in addition to the terms and conditions associated with the settlement of the FPAs.
On December 18, 2023, we and the FPA Sellers entered into separate amendments to the FPA (the “Amendments”). The Amendments lowered the reset floor price of each FPA from $5.00 to $3.00 and allow us to raise up to $10.0 million of equity from existing stockholders without triggering certain anti-dilution provisions contained in the FPA; provided, the insiders pay a price per share for their initial investment equal to the closing price per share as quoted on the Nasdaq on the day of purchase; provided, further, that any subsequent investments are made at a price per share equal to the greater of (a) the closing price per share as quoted by Nasdaq on the day of the purchase or (b) the amount paid in connection with the initial investment.
On May 7 and 8, 2024, respectively, we entered into and executed separate amendments to the FPAs (collectively the “Second Amendments”) with Sandia (the “Sandia Second Amendment”) and Polar (the “Polar Second Amendment”). The Second Amendments lowered the reset price of each FPA from $3.00 to $1.00 per share and amended the VWAP Trigger Event provision to read as “After December 31, 2024, an event that occurs if the VWAP Price, for any 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day-period, is below $1.00 per Share”. The Sandia Second Amendment is not effective until we execute similar amendments with both Polar and Meteora.
On June 14, 2024, we entered into and executed an amendment to the FPA with Sandia (the “Sandia Third Amendment”). The Sandia Third Amendment set the reset price of each FPA to $1.00 per share and amended the VWAP Trigger Event provision to read as “After December 31, 2024, an event that occurs if the VWAP Price, for any 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day-period, is below $1.00 per Share.”
On July 17, 2024, we entered into an amendment to the FPA with Polar pursuant to which we and Polar agreed that Section 2 (Most Favored Nation) of the FPA is applicable to all 2,450,000 shares subject to the FPA.
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Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) Agreements
First SAFE
On January 31, 2024, we entered into a SAFE (“First SAFE”) with the Rodgers Massey Freedom and Free Markets Charitable Trust (the “Purchaser”) in connection with the Purchaser investing $1.5 million in the Company. The First SAFE is convertible into shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, upon the initial closing of a bona fide transaction or series of transactions with the principal purpose of raising capital, pursuant to which we issue and sell common stock at a fixed valuation (an “Equity Financing”), at a per share conversion price which is equal to the lower of (i) (a) $53.54 million divided by (b) our capitalization immediately prior to such Equity Financing (such conversion price, the “SAFE Price”), and (ii) 80% of the price per share of our common stock sold in the Equity Financing. If we consummate a change of control prior to the termination of the First SAFE, the Purchaser will be automatically entitled to receive a portion of the proceeds of such liquidity event equal to the greater of (i) $1.5 million and (ii) the amount payable on the number of shares of our common stock equal to (a) $1.5 million divided by (b)(1) $53.54 million divided by (2) our capitalization immediately prior to such liquidity event (the “Liquidity Price”), subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the First SAFE. The First SAFE was convertible into a maximum of 1,431,297 shares of our common stock, assuming a per share conversion price of $1.05, which is the product of (i) $1.31, the closing price of our common stock on January 31, 2024, multiplied by (ii) 80%.
On April 21, 2024, we entered into an amendment (“First SAFE Amendment”) that converted the First SAFE investment of $1.5 million into 4,166,667 shares of our common stock based on a conversion price of $0.36 per share, defined in the First SAFE Amendment as the product of (i) $0.45, the closing price of our common stock on April 19, 2024, multiplied by (ii) 80%. Upon conversion, we recorded a debit to SAFE Agreement of $1.5 million, a credit to Additional paid-in-capital of $1.9 million and recognized expense of $0.4 million within Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statement of operations for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024.
Second SAFE
On February 15, 2024, we entered into a second SAFE (the “Second SAFE”) with the Purchaser, in connection with the Purchaser investing $3.5 million in the Company. The Second SAFE did not accrue interest. The Second SAFE was initially convertible into shares of our common stock upon the initial closing of an Equity Financing at a per share conversion price which was equal to the lower of (i) the Second SAFE Price, and (ii) 80% of the price per share of our common stock sold in the Equity Financing. If we consummated a change of control prior to the termination of the Second SAFE, the Purchaser would have been automatically entitled to receive an amount equal to the greater of (i) $3.5 million and (ii) the amount payable on the number of shares of our common stock equal to $3.5 million divided by the Liquidity Price, subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the Second SAFE. The Second SAFE was convertible into a maximum of 3,707,627 shares of our common stock, assuming a per share conversion price of $0.94, which is the product of (i) $1.18, the closing per share price of our common stock on February 15, 2024, (ii) 80%.
On April 21, 2024, we entered into an amendment (“Second SAFE Amendment”) that converted the Second SAFE investment of $3.5 million into 9,722,222 shares of our common stock based on a conversion price of $0.36 per share, defined in the Second SAFE Amendment as the product of (i) $0.45, the closing price of our common stock on April 19, 2024, multiplied by (ii) 80%. Upon conversion, we recorded a debit to SAFE Agreement of $3.5 million, a credit to Additional paid-in-capital of $4.4 million and recognized expense of $0.9 million within Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statement of operations for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024.
Third SAFE
On May 13, 2024, we entered into a third SAFE (the “Third SAFE”) with the Purchaser, in connection with the Purchaser investing $1.0 million in the Company. The Third SAFE is convertible into shares of our common stock upon the initial closing of a bona fide transaction or series of transactions with the principal purpose of raising capital, pursuant to which the Company issues and sells shares of its common stock in an Equity Financing, at a per share conversion price which is equal to 50% of the price per share of our common stock sold in the Equity Financing. If we consummate a change of control prior to the termination of the Third SAFE, the Purchaser will be automatically entitled to receive a portion of the proceeds of such liquidity event equal to $1.0 million, subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the Third SAFE. The Third SAFE is convertible into a maximum of 2,750,000 shares of our common stock, assuming a per share conversion price of $0.275, which is the product of (i) $0.55, the closing price of our common stock on May 13, 2024, multiplied by (ii) 50%. Given that the SAFE could be settled in cash or a variable number of shares, we have accounted for the instrument as a liability at its fair value.
48
As of December 29, 2024, we estimated the fair value of the Third SAFE at $0.4 million based upon the assumptions disclosed in Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements to our consolidated financial statements.
Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023
The following table summarizes Complete Solaria’s cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the fiscal years ended (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations | $ | (54,662 | ) | $ | (58,802 | ) | ||
| Net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations | (54,657 | ) | 6,171 | |||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations | 120,100 | 50,425 | ||||||
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from discontinued operations | — | 190 | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 10,803 | (1,900 | ) | |||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations of $54.6 million for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 was primarily due to the net loss from continuing operations, net of tax of $54.4 million and net cash outflows of $6.6 million from changes in our operating assets and liabilities which was partially offset by non-cash adjustments of $6.4 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $24.7 million for loss on issuance of derivative liability, $9.1 million provision for credit losses, $5.8 million of amortization of debt issuance costs, $9.2 million of non-cash expense in connection with warrants issued for vendor services, $3.1 million of stock-based compensation expense, $3.9 million accretion of debt in CS Solis, $3.8 million for asset impairment and disposals, $2.7 million for depreciation and amortization, $1.8 million for non-cash interest expense, $0.8 million for lease expense, and $1.3 million for loss on conversion of SAFE Agreements to shares of common stock, and $0.4 million of other financing costs, partially offset by a decrease of $34.0 million for the change in fair value of derivative liabilities, $22.3 gain on troubled debt restructuring, $2.9 million change in fair value of warrant liabilities, and $1.0 million change due to fair value adjustments. The main drivers of net cash outflows derived from the changes in operating assets and liabilities were related to an increase in contract assets of $21.5 million, a $10.4 million decrease in accounts payable, a $0.8 million decrease in operating lease liabilities, and a $0.2 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, partially offset by an $8.7 million decrease in inventories, a $3.3 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $14.1 million increase in accrued expenses and $0.2 million of other.
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations of $58.8 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to the net loss from continuing operations, net of tax of $96.2 million and net cash outflows of $17.4 million from changes in our operating assets and liabilities, adjusted for non-cash charges of $54.1 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $35.5 million for the issuance of common stock in connection with FPAs, $10.3 million loss on CS Solis debt extinguishment, $4.2 million loss on sale of equity securities, $3.9 million change in fair value of FPAs, $4.3 million change in allowance for credit losses, $4.9 million of interest expense, $6.6 million accretion of long-term debt in CS Solis, $2.4 million related to the issuance of bonus common stock shares in connection with the Mergers, $3.4 million of stock-based compensation expense, and $6.1 million change in reserve for excess and obsolete inventory, $0.9 million in lease expense and $0.9 million in depreciation and amortization, partially offset by a decrease in the fair value of warrant liabilities of $29.3 million. The main drivers of net cash outflows derived from the changes in operating assets and liabilities were related to an increase in accounts receivable, net of $12.1 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $4.2 million, a decrease in deferred revenue of $1.7 million, a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $3.3 million and a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $0.6 million, partially offset a decrease in inventory of $1.5 million, an increase in accounts payable of $2.3 million, and a decrease in other noncurrent assets of $1.1 million.
49
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used by investing activities of $54.7 million for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 was primarily due to the acquisition of SunPower of $53.5 million and $1.2 million in capital expenditures.
Net cash provided by investing activities of $6.2 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to sale of an investment.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities of $120.1 million for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 was primarily due to proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes, net of $107.7 million, proceeds from SAFE agreements of $6.0 million, proceeds from the issuance of common stock of $6.7 million and proceeds from the exercise of common stock options of $0.5 million. The proceeds were partially offset by finance lease payments and the payment of a note aggregating $0.8 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $50.4 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to total proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes, net of $21.3 million, total proceeds from the Mergers and PIPE Financing of $19.8 million, and proceeds from the issuance of notes payable, net of $14.1 million, partially offset by the repayment of notes payable of $9.8 million.
Emerging Growth Company Status
Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable.
50
Complete Solaria is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards. Following the closing of the Mergers, our Post-Combination Company remains an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we has total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more during such fiscal year (as indexed for inflation), (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt in the prior three-year period, or (iv) the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of our IPO. Complete Solaria expects to continue to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period, although it may decide to early adopt such new or revised accounting standards to the extent permitted by such standards. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare our financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to certain market risks in the ordinary course of our business. The Company monitors and manages these financial exposures as an integral part of its overall risk management program.
Interest Rate Risk
We do not have significant exposure to interest rate risk that could affect the balance sheet, statement of operations, and the statement of cash flows, as we do not have any outstanding variable rate debt as of December 29, 2024.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Major Customers
Our customer base consists primarily of residential homeowners. We do not require collateral on our accounts receivable. Further, our accounts receivable are with individual homeowners and we are exposed to normal industry credit risks. We continually evaluate our reserves for potential credit losses and establish reserves for such losses.
As of December 29, 2024 no customer accounted for more than 10% of total accounts receivable, net, and at December 31, 2023, one customer accounted for 10% or more of the total accounts receivable.
For the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, three customers and one customer represented 36% and 55% of gross revenues, respectively, all from the Residential Solar Installation reportable segment.
51
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
COMPLETE SOLARIA, INC.
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders and Board of Directors
Complete Solaria, Inc.
Fremont, California
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Complete Solaria, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 29, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the fiscal year then ended, and the related notes collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements.” In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 29, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the fiscal year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Going Concern Uncertainty
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses, and has negative cash flows that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.
April 30, 2025
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Complete Solaria, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Complete Solaria, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows, for the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Notes 2 and 22 to the financial statements, the accompanying 2023 financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted for the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.
Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1(c) to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has recurring net losses, accumulated deficit, negative cash outflows from operations and current debt outstanding that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1(c). The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
San Francisco, California
April 1, 2024 (April 30, 2025, as to the effects of the Company’s adoption of ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting, as described in Notes 2 and 22).
We began serving as the Company’s auditor in 2022. In 2024 we became the predecessor auditor.
F-3
COMPLETE SOLARIA, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Contract assets, current portion | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Other noncurrent assets | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ||||||||
| Notes payable to related parties | ||||||||
| Notes payable, net | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities | ||||||||
| SAFE Agreement with related party | ||||||||
| Debt with CS Solis | ||||||||
| Forward purchase agreement liabilities with related parties | ||||||||
| Forward purchase agreement liabilities | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Warranty provision, noncurrent | ||||||||
| Warrant liability | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities, noncurrent | ||||||||
| Notes payable and derivative liabilities, net of current portion | ||||||||
| Notes payable and derivative liabilities with related parties | ||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 19) | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ (deficit): | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ (deficit) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
COMPLETE SOLARIA, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cost of revenues | ||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||
| Sales commissions | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest expense (1) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Other income (expense), net (2) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring(3) | ||||||||
| Total Other expense | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income tax benefit (provision) | ||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Impairment loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other Comprehensive income: | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ||||||||
| Comprehensive loss (net of tax) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss from continuing operations per share attributable to common stockholders, basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss from discontinued operations per share attributable to common stockholders, basic | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic | ||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss from discontinued operations per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to common stockholders’, basic and diluted | ||||||||
| (1) |
| (2) | Other income (expense), net in the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 includes the following related party transactions; (i) $0.7 million of expense in connection with the conversion of SAFE Agreements into shares of common stock and the change in the fair value of SAFE Agreements (defined in the notes to the consolidated financial statements), (ii) $3.0 million of expense in connection with the loss on issuance of a derivative liability and $0.3 million of income due to the change in the value of derivative liabilities, and (iii) income of $0.1 million of expense in connection with the change in the fair value of forward purchase agreements.
Other income (expense), net in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, includes the following related party transaction; $0.7 million of expense for bonus shares issued in connection with the Mergers; $0.4 million of forward purchase agreements entered into and $9.1 million of change in the fair value of the forward purchase agreements; and $30.7 million of expense for shares issued in connection with the forward purchase agreements. |
| (3) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
COMPLETE SOLARIA, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit
(in thousands, except number of shares)
| Accumulated | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Paid-in- | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Income | (Deficit) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of 2022 Convertible Notes into common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon the reverse capitalization, net of offering costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of prepaid PIPE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of warrants between liabilities and equity | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of Legacy Complete Solaria Common stock into Complete Solaria Common Stock | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with forward purchase agreements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with forward purchase agreements due to related party | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock bonus shares in connection with Mergers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residual Mergers proceeds | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modification of Carlyle Warrant | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock units | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock warrants | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock to related party | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of common stock options | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Exercise of common stock options | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted stock units | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock warrants | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock warrants for services | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon conversion of SAFEs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of common stock warrants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for exchange of debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modification of Warrant Agreement | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Offering costs of reverse recapitalization | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 29, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
COMPLETE SOLARIA, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands, except number of shares)
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities from continuing operations | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( |
) | $ | ( |
) | ||
| Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Net loss from continuing operations, net of tax | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss from continuing operations to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||
| Non-cash interest expense(1) | ||||||||
| Accretion of debt in CS Solis(2) | ||||||||
| Non-cash lease expense | ||||||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring(8) | ( |
) | ||||||
| Loss on CS Solis debt extinguishment | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs(11) | ||||||||
| Other financing costs | ||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | ||||||||
| Change in reserve for excess and obsolete inventory | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of SAFE Agreements with related party | ( |
) | ||||||
| Loss on conversion of SAFE Agreements to shares of common stock with related party | ||||||||
| Loss on sale of equity securities | ||||||||
| Loss on issuance of derivative liability(3) | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities(12) | ( |
) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Issuance of forward purchase agreements(4) | ( |
) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of forward purchase agreement liabilities(5) | ( |
) | ||||||
| Loss on issuance of common stock in connection with forward purchase agreements(6) | ||||||||
| Non-cash expense in connection with warrants issued for vendor services | ||||||||
| Loss on asset impairments and disposals | ||||||||
| Loss on issuance of common stock bonus shares in connection with the Mergers(7) | ||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock units in connection with vendor services | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( |
) | ||||||
| Contract assets, current portion | ( |
) | ||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Other noncurrent assets | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( |
) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ( |
) | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Warranty provision, noncurrent | ||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( |
) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities from continuing operations | ||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( |
) | ||||||
| Capitalization of internal-use-software costs | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Cash paid for acquisitions; net of cash acquired | ( |
) | ||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of equity securities | ||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | ( |
) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities from continuing operations | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net of issuance cost | ||||||||
| Principal repayment of notes payable | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance cost | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes to related parties | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of SAFE agreements | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock | ||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of common stock options | ||||||||
| Proceeds from Mergers and PIPE Financing | ||||||||
| Proceeds from Mergers and PIPE Financing from related parties | ||||||||
| Proceeds from common stock | ||||||||
| Financing lease payments | ( |
) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes | ||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( |
) | ||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid during the year for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid during the year for income taxes | ||||||||
| Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
| Cancellation of existing indebtedness in Exchange Agreement(9) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Issuance of convertible notes in Exchange Agreement(10) | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in Exchange Agreement | ||||||||
| Conversion of SAFE Agreements to shares of common stock – related party | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Offering costs | ||||||||
| Warrants issued in debt issuance | ||||||||
| Carlyle Warrant modification – related party | ||||||||
| Conversion of 2022 Convertible notes into common stock | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock warrants | ||||||||
| Conversion of 2022 Convertible Notes into common stock | ||||||||
| Conversion of 2022 Convertible Notes issued to related parties into common stock | ||||||||
| Conversion of preferred stock into common stock | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with forward purchase agreements (5) | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock bonus shares in connection with the Mergers (6) | ||||||||
| Recapitalization of Legacy Complete Solaria Common stock into Complete Solaria Common Stock | ||||||||
| Reclassification of investor deposit to PIPE funds | ||||||||
| Reclassification of warrants between liabilities and equity | ||||||||
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) | Includes $3.0 million loss on a derivative liability issued to the Massey Trust (as later defined in Note 15 – Borrowings and Derivative Liabilities) a related party. |
| (4) |
| (5) |
| (6) |
| (7) |
| (8) |
| (9) |
| (10) | Includes $23.7 million issuance of convertible notes with related parties. |
| (11) |
| (12) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(1) Organization
(a) Description of Business
Complete Solaria, Inc. (the “Company” or “Complete Solaria”) is a residential solar installer that offers storage and home energy solutions to customers in North America. The Company is headquartered in Fremont, California.
Complete Solar, Inc. (“Complete Solar”)
was incorporated in Delaware on
In October 2022, the Company entered into a business combination agreement, as amended on December 26, 2022 and January 17, 2023 (“Original Business Combination Agreement”) and as amended on May 26, 2023 (“Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement”), with Jupiter Merger Sub I Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Freedom Acquisition I Corp. (“FACT”) (“First Merger Sub”), Jupiter Merger Sub II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of FACT (“Second Merger Sub”), Complete Solar Holding Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and The Solaria Corporation (“Solaria”), a Delaware corporation.
The transactions contemplated by the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement were consummated on July 18, 2023 (“Closing Date”). Following the consummation of the Merger on the Closing Date, FACT changed its name to “Complete Solaria, Inc.”
As part of the transactions contemplated by the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement, FACT affected a deregistration under the Cayman Islands Companies Act and a domestication under Section 388 of the Delaware’s General Corporation Law (the “DGCL” or “Domestication”). On the Closing Date, following the Domestication, First Merger Sub merged with and into Complete Solaria, with Complete Solaria surviving such merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of FACT (the “First Merger”), and immediately following the First Merger, Complete Solaria merged with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of FACT (the “Second Merger”), and Second Merger Sub changed its name to CS, LLC, and immediately following the Second Merger, Solaria merged with and into a newly formed Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of FACT and changed its name to The Solaria Corporation LLC (“Third Merger Sub”), with Third Merger Sub surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of FACT (the “Additional Merger”, and together with the First Merger and the Second Merger, the “Mergers”).
In connection with the closing of the Mergers:
| ● | Each share of the Company’s capital stock, inclusive of shares converted from 2022 Convertible Notes, issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Closing (“Legacy Complete Solaria Capital Stock”) were cancelled and exchanged into an aggregate of |
| ● | In July 2023, (i) Meteora Special Opportunity Fund I, LP (“MSOF”), Meteora Capital Partners, LP (“MCP”) and Meteora Select Trading Opportunities Master, LP (“MSTO”) (with MSOF, MCP, and MSTO collectively as “Meteora”); (ii) Polar Multi-Strategy Master Fund (“Polar”), and (iii) Diametric True Alpha Market Neutral Master Fund, LP, Diametric True Alpha Enhanced Market Neutral Master Fund, LP, and Pinebridge Partners Master Fund, LP (collectively, “Sandia”) (together, the “FPA Funding PIPE Investors”) entered into separate subscription agreements (the “FPA Funding Amount PIPE Subscription Agreements”) pursuant to which, the FPA Funding PIPE Investors subscribed for on the Closing Date, an aggregate of |
F-8
| ● | All certain investors (the “PIPE Investors”) purchased from the Company an aggregate of |
| ● | On or around the Closing Date, pursuant to the New Money PIPE Subscription Agreements, certain investors affiliated with the New Money PIPE Subscription Agreements (“New Money PIPE Investors”) agreed to subscribe for and purchase, and Complete Solaria agreed to issue and sell to the New Money PIPE Investors an aggregate of |
| ● | Subsequent to the Closing, Complete Solaria issued an additional |
| ● | In March 2023, holders of |
| ● | Each issued and outstanding FACT Class B Ordinary Share converted, on a one-for-one basis, into |
On August 18, 2023, the Company entered into a Non-Binding Letter of Intent to sell certain of Complete Solaria’s North American solar panel assets to Maxeon Solar Technologies, Ltd. (“Maxeon”).
On August 5, 2024, Complete Solaria entered into
an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “APA”) among Complete Solaria, SunPower Corporation (“SunPower”) and SunPower’s
direct and indirect subsidiaries (collectively, the “SunPower Debtors”) providing for the Company’s purchase of certain
assets relating to the Blue Raven Solar business, New Homes Business and Non-Installing Dealer network previously operated by the SunPower
Debtors (“SunPower Acquisition”). The APA was entered into in connection with a voluntary petition filed by SunPower under
Chapter 11 of the United States Code, 11 U.S.C.§§ 101-1532. The sale by SunPower was approved on September 23, 2024, by the
United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. The Company completed the acquisition of the Acquired Assets (as defined
in the APA) effective September 30, 2024, in exchange for consideration of $
F-9
(b) Divestiture
In October 2023, the Company completed the sale
of its solar panel business to Maxeon (“Divestiture”), pursuant to the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Disposal
Agreement”). The Company determined that the Divestiture represented a strategic shift in the Company’s business and qualified
as a discontinued operation. Under the terms of the Disposal Agreement, Maxeon agreed to acquire certain assets and employees of Complete
Solaria, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $
Accordingly, the results of operations and cash flows relating to Solaria were reflected as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and consolidated statements of cash flows for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Components of amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss related to discontinued operations are presented in the table, as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cost of revenues | ||||||||
| Gross loss | ( | ) | ||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income, net | ||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income tax benefit | ||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Impairment loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss from discontinued operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
(c) Liquidity and Going Concern
Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring
losses and negative cash flows from operations. The Company incurred a net loss of $
Management plans to obtain additional funding. Historically, the Company’s activities have been financed through private placements of equity securities, debt and proceeds from the Merger. If the Company is not able to secure adequate additional funding when needed, the Company will need to reevaluate its operating plan and may be forced to make reductions in spending, extend payment terms with suppliers, liquidate assets where possible, or suspend or curtail planned programs or cease operations entirely. These actions could materially impact the Company’s business, results of operations and future prospects. While the Company has been able to raise multiple rounds of financing, there can be no assurance that in the event the Company requires additional financing, such financing will be available on terms that are favorable, or at all. Failure to generate sufficient cash flows from operations, raise additional capital or reduce certain discretionary spending would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to achieve its intended business objectives.
Therefore, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. They do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to its ability to continue as a going concern.
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
F-10
On March 10, 2025, the Company’s board of directors approved a change in the Company’s fiscal year end to have a 52-to-53-week fiscal year that ends on the Sunday closest to December 31. This change is effective for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, the determination of:
| ● | Fair value of warrant liabilities; | |
| ● | Fair value of the forward purchase agreements |
| ● | Fair value of Simple Agreements for Future Equity Agreements (“SAFEs”) | |
| ● | The reserve methodology for inventory obsolescence; |
| ● | The reserve methodology for product warranty; |
| ● | The reserve methodology for the allowance for credit losses; |
| ● | Fair value of the derivative liabilities; and |
| ● | The measurement of stock-based compensation. |
To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s financial condition or operating results will be affected. The Company bases its estimates on past experience and other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, and the Company evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. The Company has assessed the impact and management is not aware of any specific events or circumstances that required an update to the Company’s estimates and assumptions or materially affected the carrying value of the Company’s assets or liabilities as of the date of issuance of this report. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained.
(c) Concentration of Risks
The Company is exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance
by the counterparties to its financial and derivative instruments. Financial and derivative instruments that potentially subject the Company
to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, contract
receivables and forward purchase agreement assets. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are on deposit with major financial institutions.
Such deposits may be in excess of insured limits. The Company believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s cash
are financially sound, and accordingly, minimum credit risk exists with respect to these balances. The Company has not experienced any
losses due to institutional failure or bankruptcy. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require
collateral for sales on credit. As of December 29, 2024, no customer had an outstanding balance that represented more than of the
total accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2023, two customers had an outstanding balance that represented
Concentration of Customers
The Company defines major customers as those customers
who generate revenues that exceed 10% of the Company’s annual net revenues. For the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December
31, 2023, three customers and one customer represented
F-11
Concentration of Suppliers
For the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, the
Company expanded its preferred supplier list, as such there was no concentration of suppliers. For the fiscal year ended December 31,
2023, one supplier represented
(d) Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid securities
that mature within three months or less from the original date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains the majority
of its cash balances with commercial banks in interest bearing accounts. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in checking and savings
accounts and money market accounts consisting of highly liquid securities with maturity dates of three months or less from the original
date of purchase. As of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had cash balances of $
(e) Restricted Cash
The Company classifies all cash for which usage
is limited by contractual provisions as restricted cash. The restricted cash consists of deposits in money market accounts, which is used
as cash collateral backing letters of credit related to customs duty authorities’ requirements. The Company has presented these
balances under restricted cash, as a long-term asset, in the consolidated balance sheets.
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | $ | ||||||
(f) Estimated Credit Losses
The Company recognizes an allowance for credit loss at the time a receivable is recorded based on the Company’s estimate of expected credit losses, historical write-off experience, and current account knowledge, and adjusts this estimate over the life of the receivable as needed. The Company evaluates the aggregation and risk characteristics of a receivable pool and develops loss rates that reflect historical collections, current forecasts of future economic conditions over the time horizon that the Company is exposed to credit risk, and payment terms or conditions that may materially affect future forecasts.
The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition when deemed necessary. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses based on the expected collectability of all accounts receivable, which takes into consideration an analysis of historical bad debts, specific customer creditworthiness and current economic trends. The Company believes that its concentration of credit risk is limited because of the large number of customers, credit quality of the customer base, small account balances for most of these customers, and customer geographic diversification.
The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses as follows (in thousands):
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Provision charged to earnings | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Amounts written off, net of recoveries and other adjustments | ||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure relating to its customers. In fiscal year 2024, the Company identified customer accounts receivable balances that were deemed to be uncollectible, which were reserved and written off.
F-12
(g) Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
Contract assets consist of unbilled receivables
which represent revenue that has been recognized in advance of billing the customer. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue
and customer advances, which represent consideration received from a customer prior to transferring control of goods or services to the
customer under the terms of a sales contract.
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Contract assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Contract liabilities current and noncurrent | ||||||||
During the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024,
the increase in contract assets of $
The Company typically invoices its customers upon
completion of set milestones, generally upon installation of the solar energy system with the remaining balance invoiced upon passing
final building inspection. Standard payment terms to customers range from 30 to 60 days. When the Company receives payment, or when such
payment is unconditionally due from a customer prior to delivering goods or services to the customer under the terms of a customer agreement,
the Company records this deferred revenue as a contract liability. As installation projects are typically completed within 12-months,
the Company’s contract liability is reflected within current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The amount
of revenue recognized during the years ended December 29, 2024, and December 31, 2023, that was included in contract liabilities at the
beginning of each period was $
(h) Inventories
Inventories consist of solar panels and the components of solar energy systems all of which is classified as finished goods within current assets at December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Inventory is valued using the average cost method. The Company identifies inventory which is considered obsolete or in excess of anticipated demand based on a consideration of marketability and product life cycle stage, component cost trends, demand forecasts, historical revenues, and assumptions about future demand and market conditions, and such inventory has been adjusted to its lower of cost or net realizable value.
(i) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized for Residential Solar Installation and New Home Business when a customer obtains control of promised products and services and the Company has satisfied its performance obligations which is the date by which substantially all of its design and installation is complete for a fully functioning solar power system to interconnect to the local power grid.
Installation includes the design of a solar energy system, the delivery of the components of the solar energy system (i.e., photovoltaic system, inverter, battery storage, etc.), installation services and services facilitating the connection of the solar energy system to the power grid. The Company accounts for these services as inputs to a combined output, resulting in a single service-based performance obligation.
The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for the products and services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:
Step 1. Identification of the contract(s) with a customer;
Step 2. Identification of the performance obligations in the contracts(s);
F-13
Step 3. Determination of the transaction price;
Step 4. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations;
Step 5. Recognition of the revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
Residential Solar Installation Revenues
The Company’s Residential Solar Installation segment sells products through a network of installing and non-installing dealers and resellers, as well as its internal sales team. The Company’s contracts with customers include three primary contract types:
| ● | Cash agreements – The Company contracts directly with homeowners who purchase the solar energy system and related services from the Company. Customers are invoiced on a billing schedule, where the majority of the transaction price is due upon installation with an additional payment due when the system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. |
| ● | Financing partner agreements – In its financing partner agreements, the Company contracts directly with homeowners for the purchase of the solar energy system and related services. The Company refers the homeowner to a financing partner to finance the system, and the homeowner makes payments directly to the financing partner. The Company receives consideration from the financing partner on a billing schedule where the majority of the transaction price is due upon installation with an additional payment due when the system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. |
| ● | Power purchase agreements and lease agreements – The Company contracts directly with a leasing partner to perform the solar energy system installation, and the homeowner will finance the system through a power purchase agreement (or lease), which is signed with the Company’s leasing partner. The Company considers the leasing partner to be its customer, as the Company does not contract directly with the homeowner and the leasing partner takes ownership of the system upon the completion of installation. The Company receives consideration from the leasing partner on a billing schedule where the majority of the transaction price is due upon installation with an additional payment due when the system passes inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. |
New Home Business Revenues
The Company’s New Homes Business sells through a network of home builders as well as its internal sales team. The Company’s contracts with customers include two primary contract types:
| ● |
Cash agreements – The Company contracts directly with homebuilders who purchase the solar energy system from the Company and are the customers in the transaction. The Company’s customers are invoiced upon the completion of installation.
| |
| ● | Lease agreements – Prior to the SunPower Corporation’s declaration of bankruptcy, certain homeowners had intended to lease a system from the SunPower Corporation, but were unable to consummate the transaction (as a result of SunPower’s declaration of bankruptcy). The in-process system inventory (installed on recently constructed homes) was acquired by the Company in connection with the SunPower Acquisition. The Company contracted directly with a leasing partner to facilitate the leasing of the system to the impacted homeowners. The Company considers the leasing partner to be its customer. Under the terms of the Company’s arrangement with the leasing partner, control is not transferred to the customer until the completed system is accepted by the customer. The Company receives consideration from the leasing partner following the acceptance of the system. |
The Company’s performance obligation for both reportable segments is to design and install a fully functioning solar energy system. For all contract types (with the exception of New Homes Business Lease agreements), the Company recognizes revenue over time. The Company’s over-time revenue recognition begins when the solar power system is fully installed (as it is at this point that control of the asset begins to be transferred to the customer and the customer retains the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the solar power system). The Company recognizes revenue using the input method based on direct costs to install the system and defers the costs of installation until such time that control of the asset transfers to the customer (installation). For New Homes Business Lease agreements, the Company considers the performance obligation to be satisfied at a point in time upon acceptance of the system by the customer.
Revenue is generally recognized at the transaction price contained within the agreement, net of costs of financing, or other consideration paid to the customers that is not in exchange for a distinct good or service. The Company’s arrangements may contain clauses that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Variable consideration is estimated at each measurement date at its most likely amount to the extent that it is probably that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur and true-ups are applied prospectively as such estimates change.
The Company records deferred revenue for amounts invoiced that are received in advance of the provisioning of services. In certain contracts with customers, the Company arranges for a third-party financing partner to provide financing to the customer. The Company collects upfront from the financing partner and the customer will provide installment payments to the financing partner. The Company records revenue in the amount received from the financing partner, net of any financing fees charged to the homeowner, which the Company considers to be a customer incentive. None of the Company’s contracts contain a significant financing component.
Costs to obtain and fulfill contracts
The Company’s costs to obtain and fulfill contracts, when recognized, associated with systems sales are expensed as sales commission and cost of revenue, respectively. In addition, incentives the Company provides to its customers, such as discounts and rebates, are recorded net to the revenue the Company has recognized on the solar power system.
F-14
Warranties
The Company typically provides a
When the revenues are recognized for the solar energy systems installations services, the Company accrues liabilities for the estimated future costs of meeting its warranty obligations. The Company makes and revises these estimates based primarily on the volume of new sales that contain warranties, historical experience with and projections of warranty claims, and estimated solar energy system and panel replacement costs. The Company records a provision for estimated warranty expenses in cost of revenues within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Warranty costs primarily consist of replacement materials and equipment and labor costs for service personnel.
Disaggregation of revenue
Refer to the table below for the Company’s revenue recognized (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Residential Solar Installations | ||||||||
| Revenue recognized over time | $ | $ | ||||||
| Revenue recognized at a point in time | ||||||||
| Total Residential Solar Installations | ||||||||
| New Homes Business | ||||||||
| Revenue recognized over time | ||||||||
| Revenue recognized at a point in time | ||||||||
| Total New Homes Business | ||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | $ | ||||||
For the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024, and December 31, 2023, all revenue recognized was generated in the U.S.
Remaining performance obligations
The Company elected the practical expedient not
to disclose the remaining performance obligations for contracts that are less than one year in length. As of December 29, 2024, the Company
has deferred $
Incremental costs of obtaining customer contracts
Incremental costs of obtaining customer contracts consist of sales
commissions, which are costs paid to third-party vendors who source residential customer contracts for the sale of solar energy systems
by the Company. The Company defers sales commissions and recognizes expenses in accordance with the timing of the related revenue recognition.
Amortization of deferred commissions is recorded as sales commissions in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive
loss. As of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, deferred commissions were
F-15
(j) Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less
accumulated depreciation and amortization. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from
the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is included in the current period. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
| Useful Lives | ||
| Manufacturing equipment | ||
| Internal-use software | ||
| Furniture & equipment | ||
| Leasehold improvements | Shorter of |
(k) Internal-Use Software
The Company capitalizes costs to develop its internal-use software
when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, it is probable
that the project will be completed, and the software will be utilized as intended. These costs include personnel and related employee
benefits and expenses for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to software projects, and external direct costs
of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining software. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria, together with
costs incurred for training and maintenance, are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for enhancements that are expected to provide additional
material functionality are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the related upgrade. During the fiscal years ended
December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company capitalized $
(l) Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of cost of material, internal labor costs, third-party subcontractors, design services, engineering personnel and employee-related expenses associated with permitting services, associated warranty costs, freight and delivery costs, depreciation, and amortization of internally developed software. Cost of revenues from these services is recognized when the Company transfers control of the product to the customer, which is generally upon installation.
(m) Advertising and Promotional Expenses
Advertising and promotional costs are expensed as incurred and included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Advertising costs were not material for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(n) Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the liability
method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those
temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates
is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only
if those positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is
greater than
F-16
(o) Goodwill
The Company tests goodwill at the reporting unit level for impairment annually on the first day of the fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.
The Company may elect to perform a qualitative assessment that considers economic, industry and company-specific factors. If, after completing the assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company proceeds to a quantitative test. Quantitative testing requires a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill impairment is measured as the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying value of goodwill.
(p) Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive income (loss), net. The Company’s other comprehensive loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments that result from the consolidation of its foreign entities and is reported net of their related tax effects.
(q) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, ROU assets, and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, and quoted market values, as considered necessary.
The Company recognized an impairment loss in the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 as disclosed in Note 9 - Property and equipment, net. There were no impairment charges recorded in continuing operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
(r) Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets are recorded at cost, less accumulated
amortization. Amortization is recorded using the straight-line method.
| Useful Lives | ||
| Trademarks | ||
| Developed technology |
F-17
(s) Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period on a straight- line basis for all stock-based payments that are expected to vest to employees, non-employees and directors, including grants of employee stock options and other stock-based awards. Equity-classified awards issued to employees, non-employees such as consultants and non-employee directors are measured at the grant-date fair value of the award. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. For accounting purposes, the Company estimates grant-date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying common stock as of the grant date, the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock and expected dividend yield.
(t) Fair Value Measurements
The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market.
When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels:
| ● | Level 1 inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date. |
| ● | Level 2 inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. |
| ● | Level 3 inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. |
Financial assets and liabilities held by the Company measured at fair value every reporting period as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, the warrant liabilities, FPAs, and derivative liabilities associated with the Company’s debt.
The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of their short-term nature (classified as Level 1).
The warrant liabilities, derivative liabilities and FPAs are measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs. The Company records subsequent adjustments to reflect the increase or decrease in estimated fair value at each reporting date within Other income (expense), net in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
(u) Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes net loss per share following ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic net loss per share is measured as the loss attributable to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding during periods with undistributed losses. Diluted net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method and if-converted method, as applicable. Securities that potentially have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation.
F-18
(v) Leases
The Company accounts for its leases following ASC 842, Leases. The Company determines if a contract is a lease or contains a lease at the inception of the contract and reassesses that conclusion if the contract is modified. The Company’s lease agreements generally contain lease and non-lease components. Payments under lease arrangements are primarily fixed. The Company combines lease and non-lease components and accounts for them together as a single lease component. All leases are assessed for classification as an operating lease or a finance lease. Each of operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and financed lease assets are presented separately on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease liabilities and finance lease obligations are separated into their respective current portion and non-current portions and are presented separately on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized on the date in which the lessor makes the underlying asset available for use, based upon the present value of the lease payments over the respective lease term. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, subject to any changes in the lease or expectation regarding the terms. Variable lease costs such as common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance are expensed as incurred.
The Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments to present value. The estimated incremental borrowing rate is derived from information available at the lease commencement date. The Company’s lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease. Options to renew or extend leases beyond their initial term have been excluded from measurement of the ROU assets and lease liabilities as exercise of such options is not reasonably certain. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancellable, lease term when determining the lease assets and liabilities. The Company records a right-of-use asset which is calculated based on the amount of the lease liability, adjusted for any advance lease payments made, lease incentives received, and initial direct costs incurred. Right-of-use assets are subject to evaluation for impairment or disposal on a basis consistent with other long-lived assets.
The Company has elected, for all classes of underlying assets, not
to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of
(w) Warrant Liabilities
The Company accounts for its warrant liabilities in accordance with the guidance in ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, under which the warrants that do not meet the criteria for equity classification and must be recorded as liabilities. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and at each reporting date in accordance with the guidance in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, with any subsequent changes in fair value recognized in Other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Refer to Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 14 – Warrants.
(x) Forward Purchase Agreements
The Company accounts for its FPAs in accordance with the guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the agreements embody an obligation to transfer assets to settle a forward contract. The FPAs are measured at fair value at inception and at each reporting date in accordance with the guidance in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, with any subsequent changes in fair value recognized in Other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Refer to Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 6 – Forward Purchase Agreements.
(y) Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). The ASU expands public entities’ segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and requires retrospective adoption. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 in its fourth quarter of 2024 using a retrospective transition method. See Note 22 – Segment Information for the Company’s disclosures reflecting the adoption.
F-19
(z) Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The objective of ASU 2023-09 is to enhance disclosures related to income taxes, including specific thresholds for inclusion within the tabular disclosure of income tax rate reconciliation and specified information about income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public companies starting in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact upon the Company’s disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement (Topic 220) Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosure. The objective of ASU 2024-03 is to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. ASU 2024-03 is effective for public companies starting in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
(3) Reverse Recapitalization
As discussed in Note 1 – Organization, on July 18, 2023, the Company consummated the Mergers pursuant to the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement. The Mergers was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, rather than a business combination, for financial accounting and reporting purposes. Accordingly, Complete Solaria was deemed the accounting acquirer (and legal acquiree) and FACT was treated as the accounting acquiree (and legal acquirer). Complete Solaria was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:
| ● | Complete Solaria’s pre-combination stockholders have the majority of the voting power in the post- merged company; |
| ● | Legacy Complete Solaria’s stockholders have the ability to appoint a majority of the Complete Solaria Board of Directors; |
| ● | Legacy Complete Solaria’s management team is considered the management team of the post-merged company; |
| ● | Legacy Complete Solaria’s prior operations are comprised of the ongoing operations of the post-merged company; |
| ● | Complete Solaria is the larger entity based on historical revenues and business operations; and |
| ● | the post-merged company has assumed Complete Solaria’s operating name. |
Under this method of accounting, the reverse recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of Complete Solaria issuing stock for the net assets of FACT, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of FACT were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The consolidated assets, liabilities, and results of operations prior to the Mergers are those of Legacy Complete Solaria. All periods prior to the Mergers have been retrospectively adjusted in accordance with the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement for the equivalent number of preferred or common shares outstanding immediately after the Mergers to effect the reverse recapitalization.
F-20
Upon the closing of the Mergers and the PIPE Financing
in July 2023, the Company received net cash proceeds of $
| Recapitalization | ||||
| Cash proceeds from FACT, net of redemptions | $ | |||
| Cash proceeds from PIPE Financing | ||||
| Less: cash payment of FACT transaction costs and underwriting fees | ( | ) | ||
| Less: cash payment to FPA investors for rebates and recycled shares | ( | ) | ||
| Less: cash payment for Promissory Note | ( | ) | ||
| Net cash proceeds upon the closing of the Mergers and PIPE financing | ||||
| Less: non-cash net liabilities assumed from FACT | ( | ) | ||
| Net contributions from the Mergers and PIPE financing upon closing | $ | |||
Immediately upon closing of the Mergers, the Company
had
| Recapitalization | ||||
| FACT Class A Ordinary Shares, outstanding prior to Mergers | ||||
| FACT Class B Ordinary Shares, outstanding prior to Mergers | ||||
| Bonus shares issued to sponsor | ||||
| Bonus shares issued to PIPE investors | ||||
| Bonus shares issued to FPA investors | ||||
| Shares issued from PIPE financing | ||||
| Shares issued from FPA agreements, net of recycled shares | ||||
| Less: redemption of FACT Class A Ordinary Shares | ( | ) | ||
| Total shares from the Mergers and PIPE Financing | ||||
| Legacy Complete Solaria shares | ||||
| 2022 Convertible Note Shares | ||||
| Shares of Complete Solaria Common stock immediately after Mergers | ||||
In connection with the Mergers, the Company incurred
direct and incremental costs of approximately $
(4) Business Combination
SunPower Acquisition
On September 30, 2024, the Company completed the
acquisition of certain assets and assumption of certain liabilities of SunPower for an aggregate cash consideration paid of $
Transaction costs incurred in connection with
the close of the acquisition totaled $
F-21
The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities
assumed were based upon a preliminary valuation, and the Company’s estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement
period. Due to the complexities of acquiring assets out of bankruptcy the purchase price accounting remains open for certain assets acquired
and liabilities assumed. The primary areas that remain preliminary relate to the cash consideration for the transaction for balances remaining
in escrow, fair value of intangible assets and goodwill.
| Net assets acquired: | ||||
| Cash | $ | |||
| Accounts receivable | ||||
| Contract assets | ||||
| Inventories | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||
| Property and equipment | ||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||
| Other noncurrent assets | ||||
| Intangibles | ||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | ) | ||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ( | ) | ||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ||
| Other long-term liabilities | ( | ) | ||
| Fair value of net assets acquired | ||||
| Consideration transferred | $ | |||
| Goodwill recognized | $ | |||
Goodwill represents the excess of the preliminary estimated consideration transferred over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired that is associated with the excess cash flows that the acquisition is expected to generate in the future and has been allocated to the Company’s Residential Solar Installation and New Homes Business reporting units. The goodwill is tax deductible.
The income approach, using the relief from royalty method, was used to value the trademarks, and the cost approach was used for developed technology. Significant assumptions included in the valuation of trademarks include projected revenues, the selected royalty rate, discount rate, and the economic life of the underlying asset. Significant assumptions included in the valuation of the acquired technology include the estimated costs to reconstruct the asset (inclusive of a third-party profit margin) as well as the value of the opportunity cost of foregone returns over the period that the Company has estimated to recreate the asset.
Contract assets and liabilities were measured at fair value using the cost approach which approximates the carrying value at date of acquisition.
The SunPower Acquisition contributed $
Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information represents the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the periods presented, as if the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2023.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial information
does not give effect to any cost savings, operating synergies or revenue synergies that may result from the Acquisition.
| Unaudited | ||||||||
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Pro forma revenue | $ | $ | ||||||
| Pro forma net loss from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
F-22
(5) Fair Value Measurements
The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value, on a recurring basis (in thousands):
| As of December 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Financial Assets | ||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Financial Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
| July 2024 derivative liability(1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| September 2024 derivative liability(1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Forward purchase agreements(2) | ||||||||||||||||
| Public warrants | ||||||||||||||||
| Private placement warrants | ||||||||||||||||
| Working capital warrants | ||||||||||||||||
| SAFE Agreement with related party | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Financial Assets | ||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Financial Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
| Carlyle Warrants | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Public warrants | ||||||||||||||||
| Private placement warrants | ||||||||||||||||
| Working capital warrants | ||||||||||||||||
| Replacement warrants | ||||||||||||||||
| Forward purchase agreements(1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| (1) |
| (2) |
Subsequent to issuance, changes in the fair value of liability classified warrants, forward purchase agreements and SAFEs are recorded within other income (expense), net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Derivative liabilities
The Company issued derivative liabilities in conjunction with the issuance of certain convertible notes in July 2024 and September 2024 (refer to Note 15 – Borrowings and Derivative Liabilities). The Company valued the derivative liabilities as of their issuance date and as of December 29, 2024 using a binomial lattice model, which includes level 3 unobservable inputs. The key inputs used were dividend yield, the Company’s common stock price, volatility, risk-free rate and the expected term of the derivative liabilities. The derivative liability valuation included the following inputs as of December 29, 2024:
| September Notes |
July Notes |
|||||||
| Coupon rate | % | % | ||||||
| Conversion rate | ||||||||
| Conversion price | $ | $ | ||||||
| Common stock price | $ | $ | ||||||
| Dividend Yield | % | % | ||||||
F-23
Carlyle Warrants
As part of the Company’s amended and restated
warrant agreement with CRSEF Solis Holdings, LLC and its affiliates (“Carlyle”), the Company issued Carlyle a warrant to purchase
shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock at a price per share of $
The Company valued the Carlyle Warrants as of December 31, 2023, based on a Black-Scholes Option Pricing Method, which included the following inputs:
| As of December 31, | ||||
| 2023 | ||||
| Expected term | ||||
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Expected dividend yield | % | |||
Public Warrants
The public warrants are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The public warrants were valued based on the closing price of the publicly traded instrument.
Private Placement and Working Capital Warrants
The private placement and working capital warrants are measured at fair value. The Company valued the private placement and working capital warrants, based on a Black-Scholes Option Pricing Method, which included the following inputs:
| As of December 29, | ||||
| 2024 | ||||
| Expected term | ||||
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Expected dividend yield | % | |||
As of December 31, 2023, the private placement and working capital warrants were valued using observable inputs for similar publicly traded instruments.
Forward Purchase Agreement Liabilities
FPAs are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using a Monte Carlo simulation analysis. The expected volatility is determined based on the historical equity volatility of comparable companies over a period that matches the simulation period, which included the following inputs:
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| VWAP | $ | $ | ||||||
| Simulation period | ||||||||
| Risk-free rate | % | % | ||||||
| Volatility | % | % | ||||||
SAFE Agreement
The SAFE Agreement was valued based on a conversion
probability of
F-24
Replacement Warrants
There were no replacement warrants as of December 29, 2024. The Company valued the Replacement Warrants as of December 31, 2023, based on a Black-Scholes Option Pricing Method, which included the following inputs:
| As of December 31, | ||||
| 2023 | ||||
| Expected term | ||||
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Expected dividend yield | % | |||
The following table sets forth the Company’s financial liabilities that were not measured at fair value, on a non-recurring basis (in thousands):
| As of December 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying value | Estimated fair value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 2024 Notes | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| July 2024 Notes - related parties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 2024 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 2024 Notes - related parties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
As of December 29, 2024, the July 2024 Notes and the September 2024 Notes were fair valued using a binomial lattice model, which includes Level 3, unobservable inputs. The key inputs used are consistent with those used to fair value the derivative liabilities as discussed under Derivative liabilities above.
(6) Forward Purchase Agreements
In July 2023, FACT and Legacy Complete Solaria,
Inc. entered into FPAs with each of (i) Meteora; (ii) Polar, and (iii) Sandia (each individually, a “Seller”, and together,
the “FPA Sellers”). In connection with the FPAs, the Company recognized other expense of $
Pursuant to the terms of the FPAs, the FPA Sellers
may purchase through a broker in the open market, from holders of shares other than the Company or affiliates thereof, FACT’s ordinary
shares, par value of $
The key terms of the forward contracts are as follows:
| ● | The FPA Sellers can terminate the transaction following the Optional Early Termination (“OET”) Date which shall specify the quantity by which the number of shares is to be reduced (such quantity, the “Terminated Shares”). Seller shall terminate the transaction in respect of any shares sold on or prior to the maturity date. The counterparty is entitled to an amount from the Seller equal to the number of terminated shares multiplied by a reset price. The reset price is initially $ |
| ● | The FPA contains multiple settlement outcomes. Per the terms of the agreements, the FPAs will (1) settle in cash in the event the Company is due cash upon settlement from the FPA Sellers or (2) settle in either cash or shares, at the discretion of the Company, should the settlement amount adjustment exceed the settlement amount. Should the Company elect to settle via shares, the equity will be issued in Complete Solaria Common Stock, with a per share price based on the volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) Price over 15 scheduled trading days. The magnitude of the settlement is based on the Settlement Amount, an amount equal to the product of: (1) Number of shares issued to the FPA Seller pursuant to the FPA, less the number of Terminated Shares multiplied by (2) the VWAP Price over the valuation period. The Settlement amount will be reduced by the Settlement Adjustment, an amount equal to the product of (1) Number of shares in the Pricing Date Notice, less the number of Terminated Shares multiplied by $ |
F-25
| ● | The Settlement occurs as of the Valuation Date, which is the earlier to occur of (a) the date that is two years after the date of the Closing Date of the Mergers (b) the date specified by Seller in a written notice to be delivered to Counterparty at Seller’s discretion (which Valuation Date shall not be earlier than the day such notice is effective) after the occurrence of certain triggering events; and (c) 90 days after delivery by the Counterparty of a written notice in the event that for any 20 trading days during a 30 consecutive trading day-period (the “Measurement Period”) that occurs at least 6 months after the Closing Date, the VWAP Price is less than the then applicable Reset Price. |
The Company entered into four separate FPAs, three
of which, associated with the obligation to issue
Additionally, in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the Company determined that the forward contract is a financial instrument other than a share that represents or is indexed to obligations to repurchase the issuer’s equity shares by transferring assets, referred to herein as the “forward purchase liability” on its consolidated balance sheets. The Company initially measured the forward purchase liability at fair value and has subsequently remeasured it at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings.
As of the closing of the Mergers and issuance
of the Complete Solaria Common Stock underlying the FPAs, the fair value of the prepaid FPAs was an asset balance of $
On December 18, 2023, the Company and the FPA
Sellers entered into separate amendments to the FPA (the “Amendments”). The Amendments lowered the reset floor price of each
FPA from $
On May 7 and 8, 2024, respectively, the Company
entered into and executed separate amendments to the FPAs (collectively the “Second Amendments”) with Sandia (the “Sandia
Second Amendment”) and Polar (the “Polar Second Amendment”). The Second Amendments lowered the reset price of each FPA
from $
On June 14, 2024, the Company entered into and
executed an amendment to the FPA with Sandia (the “Sandia Third Amendment”). The Sandia Third Amendment set the reset price
of each FPA to $
F-26
On July 17, 2024, the Company entered into an
amendment to the FPA with Polar pursuant to which the Company and Polar agreed that Section 2 (Most Favored Nation) of the FPA is applicable
to all
Through the date of issuance of the Complete Solaria
Common Stock in satisfaction of the Company’s obligation to issue shares around the closing of the Mergers, the Company recorded
$
The FPA liability balance was $
(7) Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Inventory deposits | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred costs | ||||||||
| Prepaid sales commissions | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Total prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | $ | ||||||
(8) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
On September 30, 2024, the Company
completed the SunPower Acquisition. Goodwill presented on the Company’s consolidated financial statements represents Goodwill
recognized from the SunPower Acquisition. The goodwill recognized was assigned to the Residential Solar Installation and New Homes Business
reportable segments as $
Other Intangible Assets
The following table represents our other intangible assets with finite useful lives as of December 29, 2024 (in thousands):
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Book Value | ||||||||||
| Trademark – Blue Raven Solar | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Trademark – SunPower | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Developed technology | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
F-27
Aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets was $
The estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets with finite useful lives is as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year | Estimated Amortization Expense | |||
| 2025 | $ | |||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total | $ | |||
(9) Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Internal-use software | $ | $ | ||||||
| Manufacturing equipment | ||||||||
| Furniture and equipment | ||||||||
| Vehicles | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||
| Total property and equipment | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total property and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense on totaled $
The Company recognized a total of $
F-28
(10) Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
and other consist of the following (in thousands):
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | $ | $ | ||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||
| Installation costs | ||||||||
| Term loan and revolving loan amendment final payment fees | ||||||||
| Accrued legal settlements | ||||||||
| Accrued taxes | ||||||||
| Accrued rebates and credits | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | ||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities, current | ||||||||
| Accrued warranty, current | ||||||||
| Deferred financing fees | ||||||||
| Accrued interest | ||||||||
| Accrued interest due to related parties | ||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | ||||||||
| Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
(11) Employee Benefit Plan
The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution and profit-sharing plan (“401(k) Plan”) for its eligible employees. This 401(k) Plan provides for tax-deferred salary deductions for all eligible employees. Employee contributions are voluntary. Employees may contribute the maximum amount allowed by law, as limited by the annual maximum amount as determined by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company may match employee contributions in amounts to be determined at the Company’s sole discretion. The Company made no contributions to the 401(k) Plan for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
F-29
(12) Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consist of the following (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability | $ | $ | ||||||
| Change in fair value of Carlyle Warrants(1) | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of FACT public, private placement and working capital warrants | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on conversion of SAFE agreements to common stock with related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of SAFE Agreement with related party | ||||||||
| Loss on sale of equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on CS Solis debt extinguishment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Bonus shares issued in connection with the Mergers(2) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Issuance of forward purchase agreements(3) | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of forward purchase agreement liabilities(4) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on issuance of shares in connection with the forward purchase agreements(5) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on discontinued Solaria business and other, net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on issuance of derivative liability(6) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gain on remeasurement of derivative liabilities(7) | ||||||||
| Other financing costs | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other, net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total Other income (expense), net | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
| (4) |
| (5) |
| (6) |
| (7) |
(13) Common Stock
The Company’s authorized capital stock comprises
Common Stock Purchase Agreements
On December 18, 2023, the Company entered into
separate common stock purchase agreements (the “Purchase Agreements”) with the Rodgers Massey Freedom and Free Markets Charitable
Trust and the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust (each a “Purchaser”, and together, the “Purchasers”). Pursuant
to the terms of the Purchase Agreements, each Purchaser purchased
F-30
On July 16, 2024, the Company entered into a common
stock purchase agreement with White Lion Capital, LLC (“White Lion”), as amended on July 24, 2024 (“White Lion SPA”),
and a related registration rights agreement for an equity line of credit financing facility. Pursuant to the White Lion SPA, the Company
has the right, but not the obligation, to require White Lion to purchase, from time to time up to $
On August 14, 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the
White Lion SPA (collectively with the White Lion SPA “White Lion Amended SPA”). The White Lion Amended SPA provides that the
Company may notify White Lion to exercise the Company’s right to sell shares of its common stock by delivering an Hour Rapid Purchase
Notice. If the Company delivers an Hour Rapid Purchase Notice, the Company shall deliver to White Lion shares of common stock not to exceed
the lesser of (i) five percent of the Average Daily Trading Volume on the date of an Hour Rapid Purchase Notice and (ii)
The Company has reserved shares of common stock for issuance related to the following:
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Common stock warrants | ||||||||
| Employee stock purchase plan | ||||||||
| Stock options and RSUs, issued and outstanding | ||||||||
| Stock options and RSUs, authorized for future issuance | ||||||||
| SAFE Agreement | ||||||||
| Forward purchase agreements | ||||||||
| Convertible notes | ||||||||
| Total shares reserved | ||||||||
(14) Warrants
Liability-classified warrants
Liability classified warrants are as follows (in thousands):
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Carlyle Warrant | $ | $ | ||||||
| Replacement warrants | ||||||||
| Public warrants | ||||||||
| Private placements warrants | ||||||||
| Working capital warrants | ||||||||
| Total liability classified warrants | $ | $ | ||||||
F-31
Series D-7 Warrants (Converted to Common Stock Warrants “Replacement Warrants”)
In November 2022, the Company issued warrants
to purchase
In October 2023, the Company entered into an Assignment and Acceptance
Agreement (“Assignment Agreement”), (refer to Note 15 – Borrowings and Derivative Liabilities). In connection with the
Assignment Agreement, the Company also entered into the First Amendment to Warrant to Purchase Stock Agreements with the holders of the
Series D-7 warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the warrants to purchase
The Replacement Warrants expired in April 2024
and the Company released the $
Public, Private Placement, and Working Capital Warrants
In conjunction with the Mergers, Complete Solaria,
as accounting acquirer, was deemed to assume
The fair values of the warrant liabilities were
$
F-32
Additionally, at the closing of the Mergers, the Company issued
Previous Liability Classified Warrant Now Classified as Equity
Carlyle Warrant
In February 2022, as part of a debt financing from Carlyle (“CS
Solis Debt”) (refer to Note 15 – Borrowings and Derivative Liabilities), the Company issued a warrant to Carlyle to purchase
In July 2023, and in connection with the closing
of the Mergers, the Carlyle debt and warrants were modified. Based on the exchange ratio included in the Mergers, the
In December 2023, Carlyle was issued an additional
warrant to purchase an additional
The modification of the warrant resulted in the reclassification of
previously equity-classified warrants to liability classification, which was accounted for in accordance with ASC 815 and ASC 718, Compensation
– Stock Compensation. The fair value of the warrant liability was determined based on its intrinsic value, given a nominal exercise
price. At issuance, the relative fair value of the warrant was determined to be $
F-33
On July 1, 2024, in connection with the Exchange Agreement (as defined
in Note 15 – Borrowings and Derivative Liabilities), the Carlyle Warrant was modified, and the modification fixed the number of
shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued upon exercise of the Carlyle Warrant at
The Company recorded income of $
Equity Classified Warrants
Series B Warrants
In February 2016, the Company issued a warrant
to purchase
Series C Warrants
In July 2016, the Company issued a warrant to
purchase
Series C-1 Warrants
In January 2020, the Company issued a warrant
to purchase
SVB Common Stock Warrants
In May and August 2021, the Company issued warrants
to purchase
F-34
Promissory Note Common Stock Warrants
In October 2021, the Company issued a warrant
to purchase
July 2023 Common Stock Warrants
In July 2023, the Company issued a warrant to
a third-party service provider to purchase
Warrant Consideration
In July 2023, in connection with the Mergers,
the Company issued
Ayna Warrant
On June 17, 2024, a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s
common stock (“Ayna Warrant”) was issued to Ayna.AI LLC (“Ayna”) for the purchase of
In lieu of exercising the Ayna Warrant for cash, Ayna may from time to time convert the Ayna Warrant, in whole or in part, into a number of shares of the Company’s common stock determined by dividing (a) the aggregate fair market value of the shares of the Company’s common stock or other securities otherwise issuable upon exercise of the Ayna Warrant minus the aggregate warrant price of such shares of the Company’s common stock by (b) the fair market value (“Ayna Warrant FMV”) of one share of the Company’s common stock.
If the Company’s shares of common stock are traded regularly in a public market, the Ayna Warrant FMV shall be the weighted average price for the 30 trading days ending on the trading day immediately before Ayna delivers its notice of exercise to the Company. If the Company’s shares of common stock are not regularly traded in a public market, the Company’s Board of Directors shall determine that the Ayna Warrant FMV in its reasonable good faith judgment. The foregoing notwithstanding, if Ayna advises the Company’s Board of Directors in writing that Ayna disagrees with such determination, then the Company and Ayna shall promptly agree upon a reputable investment banking firm or a third party independent appraiser to undertake such valuation. If the valuation of such investment banking firm is greater than that determined by the Board of Directors, then all fees and expenses of such investment banking firm shall be paid by the Company. In all other circumstances, such fee and expenses shall be paid by Ayna.
At issuance, the fair value of the Ayna Warrant
was determined to be $
F-35
Cantor Warrant
In July 2024, the Company issued a warrant
(“Cantor Warrant”) to a third-party service provider to purchase
(15) Borrowings and Derivative Liabilities
The Company’s borrowings and consisted of the following (in thousands):
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| July 2024 Notes | $ | $ | ||||||
| July 2024 Notes derivative liability | ||||||||
| July 2024 Notes – related parties | ||||||||
| July 2024 derivative liability – related parties | ||||||||
| September 2024 Notes | ||||||||
| September 2024 Notes derivative liability | ||||||||
| September 2024 Notes – related party | ||||||||
| September 2024 Notes – derivative liability – related party | ||||||||
| 2018 Bridge Notes | ||||||||
| Revolver Loan | ||||||||
| Secured Credit Facility | ||||||||
| Polar Settlement Agreement | ||||||||
| Total Notes payable | ||||||||
| Debt in CS Solis | ||||||||
| Total notes payable and convertible notes, net | ||||||||
| Less current portion | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Notes payable and convertible notes, net of current portion | $ | $ | ||||||
12% Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes
In July 2024, the Company issued $
Interest expense recognized on the July 2024 Notes
was $
F-36
The effective interest rate is
As of December 29, 2024, $
7% Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes
In September 2024, the Company issued $
As of December 29, 2024, the carrying amount of
the September 2024 Notes inclusive of the fair value of the derivative liability was $
Interest expense recognized on the September 2024
Notes was $
The effective interest rate is
Exchange Agreement
On July 1, 2024, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with Carlyle and Kline Hill (as defined below) providing for:
| (i) | the cancellation of all indebtedness, inclusive of the CS Solis Debt, owed to Carlyle by the Company, termination of all debt instruments by and between the Company and Carlyle (through the transfer of Carlyle’s interest in CS Solis, LLC, to the Company), and the satisfaction of all obligations owed to Carlyle by the Company under the terminated debt instruments; |
| (ii) | the issuance of a note for the principal amount of $ |
| (iii) | the cancellation of all indebtedness owed to Kline Hill Partners Fund LP, Kline Hill Partners IV SPV LLC, and Kline Hill Partners Opportunity IV SPV, LLC (collectively “Kline Hill”). by the Company, termination of all debt instruments by and between the Company and Kline Hill, including the 2018 Bridge Notes, the revolving loan and the secured credit facility, and the satisfaction of all obligations owed to Kline Hill by the Company under the terminated debt instruments; |
| (iv) | the issuance of a note for the principal amount of $ |
| (v) | the issuance of |
2018 Bridge Notes
In 2018, Solaria issued senior subordinated convertible
secured notes (“2018 Notes”) totaling approximately $
F-37
In December 2022, the Company entered into an
amendment to the 2018 Notes further extending the maturity date from December 13, 2022 to December 13, 2023 in exchange for an increased
repayment premium from
The 2018 Bridge Notes were settled as part of
the Exchange Agreement. In connection with the Exchange Agreement, the balance of the 2018 Bridge Notes was exchanged for the July 2024
Notes. In July 2024, the Company issued the principal amount of $
Interest expense recognized on the 2018 Bridge
Notes was $
Revolving Loan
In October 2020, Solaria entered into a loan agreement (“SCI Loan Agreement”) with Structural Capital Investments III, LP (“SCI”).
The SCI Loan Agreement was comprised of two facilities,
a term loan (the “Term Loan”) and a revolving loan (the “Revolving Loan”) (together “Original Agreement”)
for $
The Revolving Loan had a term of thirty-six months,
with the principal due at the end of the term and an annual interest rate of
Solaria had historically issued warrants to purchase shares of Series E-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock of Solaria (“SCI Series E-1 warrants”). The warrants were fully exercisable in whole or in part at any time during the term of the Original agreement. As part of the Business Combination with Complete Solar, all the outstanding SCI Series E-1 warrants were assumed by the parent company, Complete Solaria.
In October 2023, the Company entered into an Assignment
Agreement whereby Structural Capital Investments III, LP assigned the SCI debt to Kline Hill and Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust
for a total purchase price of $
Interest expense recognized for the fiscal years
ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was $
Secured Credit Facility
In December 2022, the Company entered into a secured
credit facility agreement with Kline Hill Partners IV SPV LLC and Kline Hill Partners Opportunity IV SPV LLC (“Secured Credit Facility”).
The Secured Credit Facility agreement allowed the Company to borrow up to
The Secured Credit Facility outstanding was
F-38
Polar Settlement Agreement
In September 2023, in connection with the Mergers, the Company entered
into a settlement and release agreement with Polar Multi-Strategy Master Fund (“Polar”) for the settlement of a working capital
loan that had been made by Polar to the Sponsor, prior to the closing of the Mergers. The settlement agreement required the Company to
pay Polar $
Debt in CS Solis
As part of the Reorganization described in Note
1(a) Organization - Description of Business, the Company received cash and recorded debt for an investment by Carlyle. The investment
was made pursuant to a subscription agreement, under which Carlyle contributed $
On July 17 and July 18, 2023, and in connection with obtaining consent for the Mergers, Legacy Complete Solaria, FACT and Carlyle entered into an Amended and Restated Consent to the Business Combination Agreement (“Carlyle Debt Modification Agreement”) and an amended and restated warrant agreement (“Carlyle Warrant Amendment”), which modified the terms of the mandatorily redeemable investment made by Carlyle in Legacy Complete Solaria.
The Carlyle Debt Modification Agreement accelerated
the redemption date of the investment to March 31, 2024 subsequent to the modification. The acceleration of the redemption date of the
investment resulted in the total redemption amount to be 1.3 times the principal at December 31, 2023. The redemption amount increased
to 1.4 times the original investment as of March 31, 2024. Additionally, as part of the amendment, the parties entered into an amended
and restated warrant agreement. As part of the Carlyle Warrant Amendment, Complete Solaria issued Carlyle a warrant to purchase up to
The Company accounted for the modification of the long-term debt due
CS Solis as a debt extinguishment in accordance with ASC 480 and ASC 470. As a result of the extinguishment, the Company recorded a loss
on extinguishment, of $10.3 million, which is recorded within other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations
and comprehensive loss in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The Company had a liability of $
F-39
The Company determined that the Carlyle was a related party beginning
in 2024. In July 2024, the Company issued $
For the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024
and December 31, 2023, the Company recorded accretion of the liability as interest expense of $
For the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024
and December 31, 2023, the Company recorded amortization of issuance costs as interest expense of
2022 Convertible Notes
In connection with the Original
Business Combination Agreement, the Company raised a series of convertible notes (“2022 Convertible Notes”) during the fiscal
year ended December 31, 2022 with an aggregate purchase price of $
The Company recognized interest expense of $
| (16) | SAFE Agreements |
First SAFE
F-40
Second SAFE
Third SAFE
As of December 29, 2024, the Company estimated
the fair value of the Third SAFE at $
F-41
(17) Stock-Based Compensation
In July 2023, the Company’s board of directors
adopted and stockholders approved the 2023 Incentive Equity Plan (the “2023 Plan”). The 2023 Plan became effective immediately
upon the closing of the Amended and Restated Business Combination Agreement. Initially, a maximum number of
Historically, awards were granted under the Amended and Restated Complete Solaria Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2022 Plan”), the Complete Solar 2011 Stock Plan (“2011 Plan”), the Solaria Corporation 2016 Stock Plan (“2016 Plan”) and the Solaria Corporation 2006 Stock Plan (“2006 Plan”) (together with the Complete Solaria, Inc. 2023 Incentive Equity Plan (“2023 Plan”), “the Plans”).
Under the Plans, the Company has granted service-based stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). Compensation expense for stock options under the Company’s cliff vesting schedule is generally recognized equally over the vesting period of five years. RSUs granted during the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 are also generally recognized under the cliff vesting schedule that is recognized equally over the vesting period of five years.
The information below summarizes the stock option activity under the Plans.
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share | Weighted Average Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding—December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Options granted | ||||||||||||||||
| Options exercised | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Options canceled | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Outstanding—December 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Vested and expected to vest— December 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Vested and exercisable— December 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
The information below summarizes the RSU activity.
| Number of RSUs | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||
| Unvested at December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Vested and released | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cancelled or forfeited | ||||||||
| Unvested at December 29, 2024 | ||||||||
The aggregate fair value of the Company’s stock options vested
during 2024 and 2023 was $
F-42
Determination of Fair Value
The Company estimated the grant-date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The determination of the fair value of each stock award using this option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards. Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award.
The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of stock-based compensation:
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Expected term (in years) | ||||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
| Expected dividends | % | % | ||||||
Expected term — The Company uses the simplified method to calculate the expected term
of stock option grants to employees as the Company does not have sufficient comparable historical exercise data to provide a reasonable
basis upon which to estimate the expected term of stock options granted to employees. The expected term equals the arithmetic average
of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the option (generally
Expected volatility — Due to the Company’s limited operating history and a lack of company specific historical and implied volatility data, the Company has based its estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a group of peer companies that are publicly traded. The historical volatility data was computed using the daily closing prices for the selected companies’ shares during the equivalent period of the calculated expected term of the stock-based awards.
Risk-free interest rate — The risk-free rate assumption is based on U.S. Treasury instruments with maturities similar to the expected term of the Company’s stock options.
Expected dividends — The Company
has not issued any dividends in its history and does not expect to issue dividends over the life of the options and therefore has estimated
the dividend yield to be
Fair value of common stock — Prior to the Mergers, fair value of the shares of common stock underlying the stock-based awards has historically been determined by the Board of Directors, with input from management. Because there has been no public market for the Company’s common stock prior to the Mergers, the Board of Directors has determined the fair value of the common stock on the grant-date of the stock-based award by considering a number of objective and subjective factors. Such factors include a valuation of the Company’s common stock performed by an unrelated third-party specialist, valuations of comparable companies, sales of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock to unrelated third-parties, operating and financial performance, the lack of liquidity of the Company’s capital stock, as well as general and industry-specific economic outlooks. For financial reporting purposes, the Company considers the amount of time between the valuation date and the grant date to determine whether to use the latest common stock valuation or a straight-line interpolation between the two valuation dates. The determination included an evaluation of whether the subsequent valuation indicated that any significant change in valuation had occurred between the previous valuation and the grant date.
Subsequent to the Mergers, the fair value of the shares of common stock underlying the stock-based awards is based on the price of the Company’s common stock in the open market on the date of the grant.
F-43
Stock-based compensation expense
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and its allocation within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cost of revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | ||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | $ | ||||||
As of December 29, 2024, there was a total of $
In 2024 and 2023, the Company’s board of
directors approved the modification to accelerate the vesting of
(18) Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP
Plan”) in connection with the consummation of the Mergers in July 2023. All qualified employees may voluntarily enroll to purchase
the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to
(19) Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
The Company leases its facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. The Company leases vehicles under finance lease agreements. Operating and financing lease activity for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Lease cost | ||||||||
| Finance lease cost: | ||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Operating lease cost | ||||||||
| Variable lease cost | ||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other information | ||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Finance leases | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years): | ||||||||
| Finance leases | ||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate: | ||||||||
| Finance Leases | % | % | ||||||
| Operating leases | % | % | ||||||
F-44
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases are as follows as of December 29, 2024 (in thousands):
| Finance Leases | Operating Leases | |||||||
| Fiscal year ending | ||||||||
| 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| Total undiscounted liabilities | ||||||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
As of December 29, 2024, the Company’s
consolidated balance sheet classified the current portion of of $
Warranty Provision
Activity by period relating to the Company’s warranty provision was as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Warranty provision, beginning of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Warranty liability from Business Combination | ||||||||
| Accruals for new warranties issued | ||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Warranty provision, end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Warranty provision, current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Warranty provision, noncurrent | ||||||||
Indemnification Agreements
From time to time, in its normal course of business, the Company may indemnify other parties, with which it enters into contractual relationships, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company. The Company may agree to hold other parties harmless against specific losses, such as those that could arise from breach of representation, covenant or third-party infringement claims. It may not be possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under such indemnification agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim and indemnification provision. Historically, there have been no such indemnification claims. In the opinion of management, any liabilities resulting from these agreements will not have a material adverse effect on the business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.
Legal Matters
The Company is a party to various legal proceedings
and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred
and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If the Company determines that a loss is reasonably possible and the loss or range
of loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the reasonably possible loss. The Company adjusts its accruals to reflect the
impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.
Legal costs are expensed as incurred. Although claims are inherently unpredictable, the Company is not aware of any matters that may have
a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company has recorded
$
F-45
SolarPark Litigation
In January 2023, SolarPark Korea Co., LTD (“SolarPark”)
demanded approximately $
On March 16, 2023, SolarPark filed a complaint
against Solaria and the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (“the court”). The complaint
alleges a civil conspiracy involving misappropriation of trade secrets, defamation, tortious interference with contractual relations,
inducement to breach of contract, and violation of California’s Unfair Competition Law. The complaint indicates that SolarPark has
suffered in excess of $
On May 11, 2023, SolarPark filed a motion for preliminary injunction to seek an order restraining the Company from using or disclosing SolarPark’s trade secrets, making or selling shingled modules other than those produced by SolarPark, and from soliciting solar module manufacturers to produce shingled modules using Solaria’s shingled patents. On May 18, 2023, the Company responded by filing a motion for partial dismissal and stay. On June 1, 2023, SolarPark filed an opposition to the Company’s motion for dismissal and stay and a reply in support of their motion for preliminary injunction. On June 8, 2023, the Company replied in support of its motion for partial dismissal and stay. On July 11, 2023, the court conducted a hearing to consider SolarPark and the Company’s respective motions. On August 3, 2023, the court issued a ruling, which granted the preliminary injunction motion with respect to any purported misappropriation of SolarPark’s trade secrets. The court’s ruling does not prohibit the Company from producing shingled modules or from utilizing its own patents for the manufacture of shingled modules. The court denied SolarPark’s motion seeking a defamation injunction. The court denied the Company’s motion to dismiss and granted the Company’s motion to stay the entire litigation pending the arbitration in Singapore. On September 1, 2023, the Company filed a Limited Notice of Appeal to appeal the August 2023 order granting SolarPark’s motion for preliminary injunction. On September 26, 2023, Solaria filed a Notice of Withdrawal of Appeal and will not appeal the Court’s Preliminary Injunction Order. Between August 2023 and March 2024, the parties were engaged in discovery negotiations and the Company produced documents to SolarPark. The Company produced its last set of documents on March 14, 2024. Since then, SolarPark has been reviewing the documents, and the case has remained stayed.
No liability has been recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the likelihood of a loss is not probable at this time.
Siemens Litigation
On July 22, 2021, Siemens Government Technologies,
Inc. (“Siemens Government Technologies”) filed a lawsuit against Solaria Corporation in Fairfax Circuit Court (the “Court”)
in Fairfax, Virginia. On July 27, 2023, Siemens Government Technologies, moved to amend the complaint to add Siemens Industry Inc. as
a co-plaintiff. This motion was granted on August 25, 2023. On October 23,2023, Siemens Government Technologies and Siemens Industry Inc.
(collectively, “Siemens”) and Solaria Corporation stipulated to add Solar CA, LLC as a co-defendant. Solaria Corporation and
Solar CA, LLC (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”) are both wholly-owned subsidiaries of Complete Solaria, Inc. In the lawsuit,
Siemens alleged that the Subsidiaries breached express and implied warranties under a purchase order that Siemens placed with the Subsidiaries
for a solar module system. Siemens claimed damages of approximately $
F-46
On February 22, 2024, the Court issued an order
against the Subsidiaries which awarded Siemens approximately $
In addition to the above, on August 19, 2024, Siemens applied for the enforcement to a sister state judgment in the Superior Court of Alameda, California and the court entered a judgement in favor of Siemens. On December 9, 2024, Siemens moved to amend the judgment to add Complete Solaria, Inc. as a judgement debtor. The subsidiaries opposed the Siemens motion. The court heard the motion by submission on April 3, 2025, but has not yet issued a ruling.
The Company recognized $
Letters of Credit
The Company had $
(20) Income Taxes
The Company’s loss from continuing operations before provision for income taxes for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Domestic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Foreign | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
F-47
The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s income tax applied at the federal statutory income tax rate compared to the income tax provision in its consolidated statements of operations for continuing operations. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Statutory federal income tax | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| State income taxes, net of federal tax benefits | ( | ) | ||||||
| Stock compensation | ||||||||
| Fair value adjustments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Nondeductible items | ||||||||
| Debt extinguishment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Foreign earnings taxed at different rates | ||||||||
| Forward purchase agreements | ||||||||
| Effect of changes in tax rates | ||||||||
| Prior year adjustments | ||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Tax Provision | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation (in thousands):
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Deferred income tax assets | ||||||||
| Net operating loss | $ | $ | ||||||
| Debt derivatives | ||||||||
| Bad debt reserve | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation | ||||||||
| Lease liability | ||||||||
| Other reserves | ||||||||
| Interest expense carryover | ||||||||
| Intangibles | ||||||||
| Capitalized research and development | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Convertible loan discount | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | $ | ||||||
F-48
Management regularly assess its ability to realize
deferred tax assets recorded based upon the weight of available evidence, including such factors as recent earnings history and expected
future taxable income on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis. In the event that the Company changes its determination as to the amount
or realizable deferred tax assets, the Company will adjust its valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income
taxes in the period in which such determination is made. The Company’s management believes that, based upon a number of factors,
it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, for the fiscal years
ended December 29, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company provided a valuation allowance against its U.S. net deferred tax assets of
$
As of December 29, 2024, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $
The Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”)
of 1986, as amended, imposes restrictions on the utilization of net operating losses in the event of an “ownership change”
of a corporation. Accordingly, a company’s ability to use net operating losses may be limited as prescribed under IRC Section 382.
Events which may cause limitations in the amount of the net operating losses that the Company may use in any one year include, but are
not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S for federal and various state jurisdictions as well as foreign jurisdictions each of which have varying statutes of limitations. The Company is in the process of filing returns for prior years, and the penalties related to the delinquent filings are not material. Due to the history of losses, the Company’s tax years remain open for examination by all tax authorities since inception. The Company is not currently under examination in any tax jurisdictions.
The Company has unrecognized tax benefit of
The Company applies the provisions set forth in FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, to account for the uncertainty in income taxes. In the preparation of income tax returns in federal and state jurisdictions, the Company asserts certain tax positions based on its understanding and interpretation of income tax laws.
The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Unrecognized tax benefits as of beginning of year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Increases related to prior year tax positions | ||||||||
| Increases related to current year tax positions | ||||||||
| Decreases related to prior year tax positions | ( | ) | ||||||
| Unrecognized tax benefits as of end of year | $ | $ | ||||||
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Accrued interest and penalties are included as part of income tax payable in the consolidated balance sheets. No accrued interest or penalties have been recorded for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The Company has not provided U.S. income or foreign withholding taxes on the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiary as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, because it intends to permanently reinvest such earnings outside of the U.S. If these foreign earnings were to be repatriated in the future, the related U.S. tax liability will be immaterial, due to the participation exemption put in place under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
(21) Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share
The Company uses the two-class method to calculate net loss per share. dividends were declared or paid for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
F-49
The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Numerator for basic loss per share: | ||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Impairment loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Numerator for diluted loss per share | ||||||||
| Impact of September 2024 Notes derivative liability and interest expense, net of tax | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Denominator: | ||||||||
| Weighted average shares: | ||||||||
| Denominator for basic loss per share | ||||||||
| Effect of dilutive securities: | ||||||||
| September 2024 Notes derivative liability | ||||||||
| Denominator for diluted loss per share | ||||||||
| Net loss per share: | ||||||||
| Continuing operations – basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Discontinued operations - basic | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss - basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Continuing operations – diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Discontinued operations – diluted | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss – diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
The computation of basic net loss per share attributable
to common stockholders is inclusive of warrants with an insignificant exercise price. The Company’s calculation of the
weighted average shares outstanding is inclusive of
The following table presents the potential common shares outstanding that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock as of the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Common stock warrants | ||||||||
| Convertible notes | ||||||||
| Stock options and RSUs issued and outstanding | ||||||||
| Potential common shares excluded from diluted net loss per share | ||||||||
F-50
(22) Segment Information
The segment information is presented on a basis
that is consistent with the Company’s internal management reporting. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”)
is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The CODM manages the Company and report financial results based on two reportable
segments which are the same as our operating segments. CODM evaluates the performance of these reportable segments and allocates resources
to make operating decisions based on certain financial information, including segmented internal income/(loss) from continuing operations
prepared on a basis consistent with U.S. GAAP. The measurement criteria is based on their operating revenue and operating income (loss)
and excluding any corporate costs which are not allocatable to the operating segments. The CODM’s measurement criteria does not
include segment assets. During the periods presented, the Company reported its financial performance through the following
Residential Solar Installation. This segment performs solar system, storage and battery installations for residential homeowners.
New Homes Business. This segment
is new in fiscal year 2024 as a result of the SunPower Acquisition which occurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. The Company developed
a method to allocate direct expenses for the respective reportable segments.
| Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | Residential Solar Installation | New Homes Business | Total | |||||||||
| Operating revenues | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | ||||||||||||
| Sales commissions | ||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative(1) | ||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Reconciliation of segment loss from continuing operations before income taxes: | ||||||||||||
| Unallocated amounts: | ||||||||||||
| General corporate expense | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring | ||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before taxes | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||
| (1) |
F-51
| Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | Residential Solar Installation | New Homes Business | Total | |||||||||
| Operating revenues | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | ||||||||||||
| Sales commissions | ||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative(1) | ||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Reconciliation of segment loss from continuing operations before income taxes: | ||||||||||||
| Unallocated amounts: | ||||||||||||
| General corporate expense | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring | ||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before taxes | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||
| (1) | For the year ended December 31, 2023, depreciation and amortization
expense was $ |
Assets by segment are as follows (in thousands):
| As of | ||||||||
| December 29, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Residential Solar Installation | $ | $ | ||||||
| New Homes Business | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
(23) Related Party Transactions
Refer to the following notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements for details regarding the related party transactions entered into by the Company; Note 1(a) – Description of Business; Note 3 – Reverse Recapitalization, Note 6 – Forward Purchase Agreements, Note 12 – Other Income (Expense), Net; Note 15 – Borrowings and Derivative Liabilities and Note 16 – SAFE Agreements. All other related party transactions are described herein.
In December 2023, the Company entered into separate
common stock purchase agreements with the Rodgers Massey Freedom and Free Markets Charitable Trust and the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living
Trust , each a related party affiliated with Thurman J. Rodgers, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a director, for
an aggregate purchase price of $
The Company determined that SameDay Solar became
a related party in fiscal 2024 with which the Company does business. Revenue, cost of revenue and commission expense with SameDay Solar
were $
F-52
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (“Disclosure Controls”) within the meaning of Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”). Our Disclosure Controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Our Disclosure Controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our Disclosure Controls, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily applied its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our Disclosure Controls, which was done under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. Based on the evaluation of our Disclosure Controls, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 29, 2024, our Disclosure Controls were not effective due to material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as disclosed below in the remainder of this Item 9.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
We do not expect that our Disclosure Controls will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure Controls, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the Disclosure Controls are met. Further, the design of Disclosure Controls must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all Disclosure Controls, no evaluation of Disclosure Controls can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of Disclosure Controls also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Management’s Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
It is the responsibility of the Company’s management including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to establish and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management has performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 29, 2024 based upon criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management determined that our internal control over financial reporting was ineffective as of December 29, 2024, because of the material weaknesses described below.
On September 30, 2024, we completed the SunPower Acquisition. As permitted by Securities and Exchange Commission guidance, we elected to exclude the SunPower Acquisition representing total assets of approximately 93% of our consolidated total assets as of December 29, 2024, 77% of our consolidated revenues, and 12% of our consolidated net loss from continuing operations before income taxes, for the year ended December 29, 2024, from our assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 29, 2024. There were no other acquisitions completed during 2024 that required further consideration within our 2024 consolidated financial statements.
52
Material Weaknesses Identified
In connection with the preparation and audit of our financial statements for the year ended December 29, 2024, our management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that a reasonable possibility exists that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses are as follows:
The Company did not maintain controls to execute the criteria established in the COSO Framework for (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) control activities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring activities.
Each of the control deficiencies identified below constitute material weaknesses, either individually or in the aggregate.
Control Environment. The Company did not maintain an effective control environment and identified the following material weakness: the Company lacked appropriate policies and resources to develop and operate effective internal control over financial reporting and a lack of appropriate and consistent IT policies given the significant volume of financially relevant IT changes, which contributed to the Company’s inability to properly analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately.
This control environment material weakness also contributed to the other material weaknesses identified below.
Risk Assessment. The Company did not design and implement an effective risk assessment and identified a material weakness relating to: (i) identifying, assessing, and communicating appropriate objectives, (ii) identifying and analyzing risks to achieve these objectives, and (iii) identifying and assessing changes in the business that could impact the system of internal controls.
Control Activities. The Company did not design and implement effective control activities and identified the following material weakness:
| ● | Ineffective design and operation of certain control activities due to significant personnel changes throughout 2024. Control deficiencies, which aggregate to a material weakness, occurred within substantially all areas of financial reporting. |
Information and Communication. The Company did not design and implement effective information and communication activities and identified the following material weaknesses:
| ● | The Company did not design and maintain effective general information technology controls over logical access and program change management for our key information systems used to support the financial reporting process. Specifically, management did not maintain effective controls to ensure proper segregation of duties related to user administration and other privileged access functions and in implementing program changes in information systems. Due to the pervasive nature of these deficiencies, business process controls that are dependent upon information from these systems were also not effective. |
| ● | The Company did not have adequate processes and controls for communicating information among the accounting, finance, operations, and legal departments, necessary to support the proper functioning of internal controls. |
Monitoring Activities. The Company did not design and implement effective monitoring activities and identified the following material weaknesses: (i) failure to adequately monitor compliance with accounting policies, procedures and controls related to substantially all areas of financial reporting; and (ii) failure to properly select, develop and perform ongoing evaluations of the components of internal controls (including the monitoring of service providers’ control environments).
53
These material weaknesses described in the paragraphs above contributed to material accounting errors identified and corrected during the audit of the Company’s financial statements. If we fail to adequately remediate these material weaknesses, there could be material misstatements that may not be prevented or detected.
Remediation Plan and Status. The Company is committed to remediating the material weaknesses identified above, fostering continuous improvement in internal controls and enhancing its overall internal control environment. Since identifying the above material weaknesses, the Company has begun the process of implementing the remediation activities described below. The Company believes that these activities, when fully implemented, should remediate the identified material weaknesses and strengthen its internal control over financial reporting. These remediation efforts remain ongoing, and additional remediation initiatives may be necessary.
A material weakness cannot be considered completely remediated until the applicable controls have operated for a sufficient period of time such that management can conclude, through testing, that the controls are operating effectively. If not remediated, material weaknesses or control deficiencies could result in material misstatements.
Accordingly, as management continues to monitor the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, the Company will continue to perform additional procedures prescribed by management, including the use of certain manual mitigating control procedures and the employment of additional tools and resources deemed necessary, to ensure that our future consolidated financial statements are fairly stated in all material respects. The following planned remediation activities highlight the Company’s commitment to remediating the identified material weaknesses:
| ● | Hire finance and accounting professionals with the appropriate level of experience and training necessary to develop, maintain and improve our accounting policies, procedures and internal controls, utilize third-party consultants and internal audit professionals to enhance the control environment, and continue to hire other qualified finance and accounting professionals. |
| ● | Provide, and continue to provide, training for employees regarding their responsibilities related to the performance or oversight of internal controls. |
| ● | Reinforce the importance of communication between the operations, accounting, and legal departments regarding key terms of, and changes or modifications to, customer, debt, equity, legal and other contracts by establishing controls requiring finance department approval of certain non-standard terms and agreements. |
| ● | Begin the implementation of a process to reevaluate, revise and improve our Sarbanes-Oxley compliance program, including governance, risk assessment, testing methodologies and corrective action. The Company plans to enhance our risk assessment procedures and conduct a comprehensive risk assessment. |
| ● | Develop, and continue to develop, internal control documentation over financial processes and related disclosures. The Company plans to continue to design and implement control activities to mitigate risks identified and test the operating effectiveness of such controls. |
If we are not able to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and Disclosure Controls, or if material weaknesses are discovered in future periods, a risk that is significantly increased in light of the complexity of our business, we may be unable to accurately and timely report our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or key operating metrics, which could result in late filings of the annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act, restatements of financial statements or other corrective disclosures, an inability to access commercial lending markets, defaults under its secured revolving credit facility and other agreements, or other material adverse effects on our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.
54
Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm due to the Company’s status as a non-accelerated filer and an EGC and is exempted from the auditor attestation requirement of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than the material weaknesses and remediation efforts described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter that have materially affected, would have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Insider Trading Policy
We
have
Insider Trading Arrangements
During
the three months ended December 29, 2024, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act)
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
55
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Directors
Our directors and their ages as of April 30, 2025 are set forth below.
| Name | Position | Age | ||
| Thurman J. Rodgers | Executive Chairman, CEO, Director | 77 | ||
| Antonio R. Alvarez | Director | 69 | ||
| William J. Anderson | Director | 49 | ||
| Adam Gishen(1)(3) | Director | 50 | ||
| Chris Lundell | Director | 64 | ||
| Lothar Maier(1) | Director | 70 | ||
| J. Daniel McCranie(2) | Director | 81 | ||
| Ronald Pasek(1)(3) | Director | 64 | ||
| Tidjane Thiam(2) | Director | 63 | ||
| Devin Whatley(2) | Director | 56 |
| (1) | Member of the Audit Committee. |
| (2) | Member of the Compensation Committee. |
| (3) | Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. |
Thurman J. Rodgers. Thurman J. (T.J.) Rodgers, 77, has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Complete Solaria since April 2024 and as a member of the Complete Solaria Board of Directors since November 2022 and as Executive Chairman since June 2023. Mr. Rodgers founded Cypress Semiconductor in 1982 and served as Cypress’ Chief Executive Officer from 1982 to 2016. Mr. Rodgers currently serves on the boards of other energy-related companies: including Enovix and Enphase Energy Inc. (energy and storage technologies). From 2004 to 2012, he served as a member of Dartmouth’s board of trustees. Mr. Rodgers was a Sloan scholar at Dartmouth, where he graduated in 1970 as the Salutatorian with a double major in Physics and Chemistry. He won the Townsend Prize and the Haseltine Chemistry-Physics Prize as the top physics and chemistry student in his class. Mr. Rodgers holds a master’s degree and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University, where he attended on a Hertz fellowship.
Antonio R. Alvarez. Antonio R. Alvarez, 69, has served as a member of the Complete Solaria Board of Directors since November 2022. Mr. Alvarez served as the President of Complete Solaria since the merger of Complete Solar and Solaria in November 2022 until March 2023. From 2020 to 2022, Mr. Alvarez served as Solaria’s Chief Executive Officer. Prior to 2020, Mr. Alvarez served in various executive roles at Altierre Corporation, Aptina Imaging, Advanced Analogic Technologies, Leadis Technology and Cypress Semiconductor. Currently, Mr. Alvarez serves on the board of directors of NexGen Power Systems and previously served as a board member of SunEdison, SunEdison Semiconductor, ChipMOS Technology, and Validity Sensors. Mr. Alvarez holds a B.S. and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology.
William J. Anderson. William J. Anderson, 49, served as the Chief Executive Officer of Complete Solaria from November 2022 to December 2023. From 2010 to 2022, he served as the Chief Executive Officer of Complete Solar. From 2007 to 2009, Mr. Anderson served as CEO of Risk Allocation Systems, Inc., a lending platform connecting automobile dealerships and credit unions in order to offer point of sale automobile loans to car buyers. From 2009 to 2010, Mr. Anderson served as Partner at SVE Partners, a boutique consulting firm serving technology start-ups and venture capital investors. Mr. Anderson holds a B.S. in Managerial Sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
56
Adam Gishen. Adam Gishen, 50, served as FACT’s Chief Executive Officer from February until the Business Combination in July 2023, and served as one of FACT’s initial board observers. From 2015 to 2020, Mr. Gishen served in several senior roles at Credit Suisse Group AG, including Global Head of Investor Relations, Corporate Communications and Marketing and Branding. Prior to 2015, Mr. Gishen was a partner at Ondra Partners, a financial advisory firm and previous to this worked as a Managing Director at Nomura and at Lehman Brothers in the area of equity capital markets. Mr. Gishen graduated from the University of Leeds.
Chris Lundell. Christopher Lundell, 64, has served as a member of the Complete Solaria Board of Directors since November 2023. Mr. Lundell served as the Chief Executive Officer of Complete Solaria from December 2023 to April 2024. Mr. Lundell is the Founder of CMO Grow, a marketing consultancy firm. Prior to that, he was the CMO at Vivint Solar, the President of the Americas at NEXThink, and CMO and COO at Domo. He holds an M.B.A. from Brigham Young University.
Lothar Maier. Lothar Maier, 70, has served as a member of the Complete Solaria Board of Directors since November 2024. Mr. Maier served as director of FormFactor Inc, from November 2006 to May 2024. Mr. Maier served as the Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors of Linear Technology Corporation, a supplier of high performance analog integrated circuits, from January 2005 to March 2017. Prior to that, he served as Linear Technology’s Chief Operating Officer from April 1999 to December 2004. Before joining Linear Technology, Mr. Maier held various management positions at Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, a provider of high-performance, mixed-signal, programmable solutions, from July 1983 to March 1999, including as Senior Vice President and Executive Vice President of Worldwide Operations. Mr. Maier holds a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley.
J. Daniel McCranie. J. Daniel McCranie, 81, has served as a member of the Complete Solaria Board of Directors since January 2025. After his early career in semiconductor sales, Mr. McCranie became the executive vice president of sales & marketing for Harris Corporation, a technology company, and the chief executive officer of SEEQ Technology, a semiconductor company, and Virage Logic Corporation, a semiconductor company. From 1994 to 2001, he joined Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, a semiconductor company, as executive vice president of sales & marketing. He has held 10 board positions in the semiconductor and technology, including having served on the board of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, from June 2017 to May 2019, ON Semiconductor Corporation, a semiconductor company, from 2001 to 2018, and Enovix Corporation from December 2021 until January 2023. From 2012 to 2017, he served on the board of Mentor Graphics, an electric design automation company. He holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. We believe that Mr. McCranie is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors based on his public company board experience and his industry expertise.
Ronald Pasek. Ronald Pasek, 64, has served as a member of the Complete Solaria Board of Directors since February 2023. Since 2015, Mr. Pasek has served as the chairman of the board of directors of Spectra7 Microsystems Inc., a Canadian publicly-traded consumer connectivity company. From 2016 to 2020, Mr. Pasek was Chief Financial Officer of NetApp. From 2009 until its acquisition by Intel in December 2015, Mr. Pasek served as Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Altera Corporation, a worldwide provider of programmable logic devices. Mr. Pasek was previously employed by Sun Microsystems, in a variety of roles including Vice President, Corporate Treasurer and Vice President of worldwide field finance, worldwide manufacturing and U.S. field finance. Mr. Pasek holds a B.S. degree from San Jose State University and an M.B.A. degree from Santa Clara University.
Tidjane Thiam. Tidjane Thiam, 63, served as a member of the FACT Board and as Executive Chairman of FACT since inception until the Business Combination in July 2023. In 2021, Mr. Thiam was appointed Chairman of Rwanda Finance Limited. He also serves as a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of Kering S.A., the French luxury group. Mr. Thiam is also a Special Envoy on Covid 19 for the African Union. From 2015 to 2020, Mr. Thiam was Chief Executive Officer of Credit Suisse Group AG. From 2014 to 2019, Mr. Thiam was a Director of 21st Century Fox and served on its Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Mr. Thiam previously served at Prudential plc, a global insurance company based on London, as the Group Chief Executive from 2009 to 2015, a Director from 2008 to 2015 and Group Chief Financial Officer from 2008 to 2009. Mr. Thiam holds an M.B.A. from INSEAD and graduated from École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris in 1986 and from École Polytechnique in Paris in 1984.
57
Devin Whatley. Devin Whatley, 56, has served as a member of the Complete Solaria Board of Directors since November 2022. Since 2010, Mr. Whatley has served as the Managing Partner at the Ecosystem Integrity Fund. Mr. Whatley serves as a member of the board of directors of several private companies focused on renewable energy. Mr. Whatley was a CFA Charterholder and holds a B.A. in East Asian Studies with a Business Emphasis from the University of California, Los Angeles and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
Executive Officers
Our executive officers and their ages as of April 30, 2025 are set forth below.
| Name | Age | Position | ||
| Thurman J. Rodgers | 77 | Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| Daniel Foley | 48 | Chief Financial Officer |
Biographical information for Mr. Rodgers is included with the director biographies above.
Daniel Foley. Daniel Foley, 48, has served as the Chief Financial Officer of Complete Solaria since June 2024. From June 2021 to December 2023, Mr. Foley served as the Chief Financial Officer for Common Citizen. From April 2021 to June 2021, Mr. Foley served as the Senior Vice President and Treasurer for TerrAscend. From January 2018 to April 2021, Mr. Foley served as the Vice President of Corporate Finance, Treasury & Investor Relations at Curaleaf. Prior to that, Mr. Foley held senior positions in Corporate Finance and Investor Relations for Station Casinos and MGM MIRAGE. Previous experience includes working as an Investment Analyst at Wall Street Associates and as Vice President of Finance at New Cotai Holdings. Foley began his career as a Senior Associate in Gaming, Lodging & Leisure Equity Research at Bear Stearns. Mr. Foley brings over 25 years of capital markets and finance experience to Complete Solaria, as well as a track record of driving strong financial results, instilling financial and operational discipline, and demonstrating inspirational leadership. Mr. Foley holds an M.B.A. from the University of Southern California and a Bachelor of Science in economics from the University of Utah.
Director Independence
As required under Nasdaq listing standards, a majority of the members of a listed company’s Board of Directors must qualify as “independent,” as affirmatively determined by the Board of Directors. In addition, Nasdaq listing standards require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee be “independent.”
Based on information provided by each director concerning her or his background, employment and affiliations, the Board of Directors affirmatively determined that none of our directors — other than Thurman J. Rodgers, Antonio Alvarez, William Anderson, and Chris Lundell — has any relationships that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of Messrs. Gishen, Maier, Pasek, McCranie, Thiam and Whatley, representing a majority of Complete Solaria’s incumbent directors, is “independent” as that term is defined under the Nasdaq listing standards.
There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.
Role of the Board of Directors in Risk Oversight
One of the key functions of the Board of Directors is the informed oversight of Complete Solaria’s risk management process. The Board of Directors does not anticipate having a standing risk management committee, but rather anticipates administering this oversight function directly through the Board of Directors as a whole, as well as through various standing committees of the Board of Directors that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. In particular, the Board of Directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and Complete Solaria’s Audit Committee is responsible for considering and discussing Complete Solaria’s major financial risk exposures and the steps its management will take to monitor and control such exposures, including guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken. The Audit Committee monitors compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Compensation Committee assesses and monitors whether Complete Solaria’s compensation plans, policies and programs comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
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Board Committees
Our Board of Directors has formed an Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Board of Directors may from time to time establish other committees.
Our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other executive officers regularly report to the non-executive directors and each standing committee to ensure effective and efficient oversight of its activities and to assist in proper risk management and the ongoing evaluation of management controls.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee consists of Ronald Pasek, who serves as the chairperson, Adam Gishen and Lothar Maier. Each member of the Audit Committee qualifies as an independent director under the Nasdaq corporate governance standards and the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Our Board of Directors has determined that Ronald Pasek qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K and possesses the requisite financial expertise required under the applicable requirements of Nasdaq. As discussed above, our Board of Directors has also determined that Ronald Pasek is an independent director.
The responsibilities of the Audit Committee include, among other things:
| ● | helping the Board of Directors oversee corporate accounting and financial reporting processes; |
| ● | managing the selection, engagement and qualifications of a qualified firm to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit Complete Solaria’s financial statements; |
| ● | helping to ensure the independence and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm; |
| ● | discussing the scope and results of the audit with the independent registered public accounting firm, and reviewing, with management and the independent accountants, Complete Solaria’s interim and year-end operating results; |
| ● | developing procedures for employees to submit concerns anonymously about questionable accounting or audit matters; |
| ● | reviewing policies on financial risk assessment and financial risk management; |
| ● | reviewing related party transactions; |
| ● | obtaining and reviewing a report by the independent registered public accounting firm at least annually, that describes Complete Solaria’s internal quality-control procedures, any material issues with such procedures, and any steps taken to deal with such issues when required by applicable law; and |
| ● | approving (or, as permitted, pre-approving) all audit and all permissible non-audit service to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm. |
The Board of Directors adopted a written charter of the Audit Committee which is available on Complete Solaria’s website.
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Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee consists of Daniel McCranie, who serves as the chairperson, Devin Whatley and Tidjane Thiam. The Board of Directors has determined that each current member of the Compensation Committee is independent. The Board of Directors has also determined that each current committee member and a former member of the Compensation Committee — Antonio R. Alvarez — is a “non-employee director” as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. Mr. Alvarez resigned from the Compensation Committee during April 2025. While Mr. Alvarez is not an independent director, Section 5605(d)(2)(B) of the Nasdaq listing standards nonetheless permitted the appointment of a non-independent director to the compensation committee if the board of directors, under exceptional and limited circumstances, determines that the non-independent director’s membership is required by the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. Based on Mr. Alvarez’s extensive experience with Complete Solaria and familiarity with the industry, the Board of Directors previously concluded that Mr. Alvarez’s appointment to, and membership on, the Compensation Committee prior to Mr. Alvarez’s resignation from the Compensation Committee was in the best interests of Complete Solaria and its stockholders. Further, a majority of the members of the Compensation Committee are independent directors.
The responsibilities of the Compensation Committee are:
| ● | reviewing and approving, or recommending that the Board of Directors approve, the compensation of Complete Solaria’s executive officers and senior management; |
| ● | reviewing and recommending to the Board of Directors the compensation of Complete Solaria’s directors; |
| ● | reviewing and approving, or recommending that the Board of Directors approve, the terms of compensatory arrangements with Complete Solaria’s executive; |
| ● | administering Complete Solaria’s stock and equity incentive plans; |
| ● | selecting independent compensation consultants and assessing whether there are any conflicts of interest with any of the committee’s compensation advisors; |
| ● | reviewing, approving, amending and terminating, or recommending that the Board of Directors approve, amend or terminate, incentive compensation and equity plans, severance agreements, change-of-control protections and any other compensatory arrangements for Complete Solaria’s executive officers and other senior management, as appropriate; |
| ● | reviewing and establishing general policies relating to compensation and benefits of Complete Solaria’s employees; and |
| ● | reviewing Complete Solaria’s overall compensation. |
The Board of Directors adopted a written charter for the Compensation Committee which is available on Complete Solaria’s website.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Ronald Pasek, who serves as the chairperson, and Adam Gishen. The responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are:
| ● | identifying, evaluating and selecting, or recommending that the Board of Directors approve, nominees for election to the Board of Directors; |
| ● | evaluating the performance of the Board of Directors and of individual directors; |
| ● | evaluating the adequacy of Complete Solaria’s corporate governance practices and reporting; |
| ● | reviewing management succession plans; and |
| ● | developing and making recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding corporate governance guidelines and matters. |
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The Board of Directors adopted a written charter of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee which is available on Complete Solaria’s website.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee evaluates all candidates for director thoroughly, whether they are recommended by the management team, stockholders or third parties, in accordance with the needs of the Board of Directors and the qualifications of the candidate.
Code of Ethical Business Conduct
Complete Solaria has adopted a code of ethical business conduct that applies to all of its directors, officers and employees, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, and is available on Complete Solaria’s website at https://investors.completesolar.com/corporate-governance. Complete Solaria’s code of business conduct is a “code of ethics,” as defined in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K. If we grant any waiver from a provision of the code of ethical business conduct to any executive officer or director, we will disclose it on our website.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
No member of the Compensation Committee was at any time during 2024, or at any other time, one of Complete Solaria’s officers or employees, except Mr. Alvarez who served as Complete Solaria’s president until March 2023. None of Complete Solaria’s executive officers has served as a director or member of a compensation committee (or other committee serving an equivalent function) of any entity, one of whose executive officers served as a director of our Board of Directors or member of the Compensation Committee.
Insider Trading Policy
We have adopted an insider trading policy that applies to all of our directors and to certain of our employees and consultants. This policy prohibits engaging in short sales, transactions in put or call options, hedging transactions, or other inherently speculative transactions with respect to our securities or derivative securities at any time. We believe our insider trading policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, as well as applicable Nasdaq listing standards. A copy of our insider trading policy is included as Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Based solely on our review of such forms furnished to the Company and written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that all filing requirements applicable to our executive officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners were timely made during fiscal 2024, with the exception of the following late Form 4s: (1) Mr. Rodgers was late filing Form 4s relating to the issuance of the First SAFE (as defined below), the issuance of the Second SAFE (as defined below), the amendment of the First SAFE and Second SAFE and related issuance of the Amendment Shares (as defined below), the issuance of the Rodgers Group SAFE, and the sale and issuance of the July 2024 Notes (as defined below); (2) Tidjane Thiam was late filing a Form 4 relating to the sale of shares by him on December 17, 2025; (3) William Anderson was late filing Forms 4 in connection with the exercise of the restricted stock unit originally issued to him on August 30, 2024 and with respect to stock option awards granted to him on February 1, 2024 and April 10, 2024; (4) Chris Lundell was late filing a Form 4 in connection with the issuance of a stock option award granted on April 29, 2024; and (5) Daniel Foley was late filing a Form 4 in connection with the issuance of a stock option award granted on June 11, 2024.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
FACT
Employment Agreements
Prior to the Closing of the Business Combination, FACT did not enter into any employment agreements with its executive officers and did not make any agreements to provide benefits upon termination of employment.
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Executive Officers and Director Compensation
No FACT executive officers or directors received any cash compensation for services rendered to FACT prior to the Business Combination. FACT paid its sponsor or an affiliate thereof up to $10,000 per month for office space, utilities, secretarial and administrative support services provided to members of our management team and other expenses and obligations of our sponsor. Executive officers and directors, or any of their respective affiliates were reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on FACT’s behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations.
Complete Solaria
Complete Solaria has opted to comply with the executive compensation disclosure rules applicable to emerging growth companies. The scaled down disclosure rules are those applicable to “smaller reporting companies,” as such term is defined in the rules promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), which require compensation disclosure for all individuals serving as Complete Solaria’s principal executive officer during 2024, the two most highly compensated executive officers of Complete Solaria, other than the principal executive officer, whose total compensation for 2024 exceeded $100,000 and who were serving as executive officers as of December 29, 2024, and up to two additional individuals for whom disclosure under the applicable rules would have been provided but for the fact that such individuals were not serving as executive officers at the end of 2024. Complete Solaria refers to these individuals as “named executive officers.” For 2024, Complete Solaria’s named executive officers were:
| ● | Thurman J. (T.J.) Rodgers, Complete Solaria’s Chief Executive Officer and Executive Chairman; |
| ● | Chris Lundell, Complete Solaria’s former Chief Executive Officer; |
| ● | Daniel Foley, Complete Solaria’s Chief Financial Officer; and |
| ● | Brian Wuebbels, Complete Solaria’s former Chief Financial Officer and former Chief Operations Officer. |
Complete Solaria believes its compensation program should promote the success of the Company and align executive incentives with the long-term interests of its stockholders. Complete Solaria’s current compensation programs reflect its startup origins in that they consist primarily of salary and equity-based awards. As Complete Solaria’s needs evolve, Complete Solaria intends to continue to evaluate its philosophy and compensation programs as circumstances require.
During 2024, Mr. Rodgers did not receive any separate compensation in his role as our Chief Executive Officer.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table shows information regarding the compensation of Complete Solaria’s named executive officers for services performed in the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 and in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
| Name and Principal Position | Year | Salary | Bonus | Option Awards(1) | All Other Compensation | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Thurman J. (T.J.) Rodgers | 2024 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | 2023 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Daniel Foley | 2024 | $ | 161,947 | — | $ | 474,761 | (4) | — | $ | 636,708 | |||||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | 2023 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Chris Lundell | 2024 | $ | 375,024 | — | $ | 152,876 | (5) | — | $ | 527,900 | |||||||||||||
| Former Chief Executive Officer(2) | 2023 | $ | 450,000 | — | $ | 4,560,000 | — | $ | 5,010,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Brian Wuebbels | 2024 | $ | 210,708 | — | $ | 280,732 | (6) | — | $ | 491,440 | |||||||||||||
| Former Chief Financial Officer and former Chief Operation Officer(3) | 2023 | $ | 330,000 | — | $ | 1,966,514 | — | $ | 2,296,514 | ||||||||||||||
| (1) | Amounts reported in this column do not reflect the amounts actually received by Complete Solaria’s named executive officers. Instead, these amounts reflect the aggregate grant-date fair value of awards granted to each named executive officer, computed in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 718, Stock-based Compensation. See Note 17. As required by SEC rules, the amounts shown exclude the impact of estimated forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions. Unless otherwise noted in the footnotes below, the shares underlying these options vest in 48 equal monthly installments, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service at each vesting date. |
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| (2) | Mr. Lundell stepped down as the Chief Executive Officer in April 2024. |
| (3) | Mr. Wuebbels stepped down as the Chief Financial Officer in April 2024. Mr. Wuebbels stepped down as Chief Operations Officer effective as of August 16, 2024. |
| (4) | 20% of the total shares underlying this option award vests on July 1, 2025, with the remaining 80% of the shares underlying the option award vesting in 48 equal monthly installments thereafter. |
| (5) | Consists of two awards: (a) 94,452 shares underlying the option granted on December 3, 2024 vested on May 19, 2024; and (b) of the remaining shares, 1/60th of such shares started vesting monthly beginning on June 19, 2024 and vest through May 19, 2029. |
| (6) | 32.7% of the shares vested on August 16, 2024, and the remaining shares were forfeited. |
Outstanding Equity Awards at December 29, 2024
The following table presents information regarding the outstanding option awards held by each of the named executive officers as of December 29, 2024:
| Name | Grant Date(1) |
Vesting Commencement Date |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable |
Option Exercise Price |
Option Expiration Date | |||||||||
| Thurman J. (T.J.) Rodgers | 12/3/2023 | 12/3/2024 | 37,500 | (2) | — | $ | 1.14 | 12/2/2033 | |||||||
| 12/3/2023 | 12/3/2024 | 79,101 | (2) | — | $ | 1.14 | 12/2/2033 | ||||||||
| Daniel Foley | 6/11/2024 | 7/1/2025 | — | 500,000 | (3) | $ | 1.56 | 7/11/2034 | |||||||
| Chris Lundell | 12/3/2023 | 12/3/2024 | 37,500 | (2) | — | $ | 1.14 | 12/2/2033 | |||||||
| 12/3/2023 | 12/3/2024 | 56,952 | (2) | — | $ | 1.14 | 12/2/2033 | ||||||||
| 4/29/2024 | 5/19/2024 | 100,000 | (4) | — | $ | 0.73 | 4/29/2034 | ||||||||
| 4/29/2024 | 6/19/2024 | 29,167 | 220,833 | (5) | $ | 0.73 | 4/29/2034 | ||||||||
| Brian Wuebbels | 5/2/2024 | 8/16/2024 | 245,615 | (6) | — | $ | 0.69 | 8/16/2025 | |||||||
| 3/9/2023 | 3/9/2023 | 94,606 | (7) | 19,305 | $ | 5.18 | 8/16/2025 | ||||||||
| (1) | All option awards were granted pursuant to the 2023 Plan. |
| (2) | 100% of the total shares underlying the option award vested on the one-year anniversary of the grant date. |
| (3) | 20% of the total shares underlying the option award vest on 7/1/2025, thereafter the remaining 80% of shares underlying the option award vest in 48 equal monthly installments. |
| (4) | 100% of the total shares underlying the option award vested on 5/19/2024. |
| (5) | 1/60th of the total shares underlying the option award vest in 60 equal monthly installments, beginning 6/19/2024. |
| (6) | Reflects portion of award remaining after the cancellation of the award with respect to 504,385 shares on August 16, 2024. |
| (7) | Reflects portion of award remaining after the cancellation of the award with respect to 265,725 shares on September 9, 2024. |
Employment Arrangements with Named Executive Officers
Each of Complete Solaria’s named executive officers is or was an at-will employee.
Thurman J. Rodgers
Mr. Rodgers is not currently a party to any employment agreement or other understanding with respect to compensation as our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Rodgers did not receive separate compensation in his role as Chief Executive Officer during 2024.
Daniel Foley
On Jun 7, 2024, we entered into an executive employment agreement with Mr. Foley, which became effective on July 1, 2024 (the “Foley Agreement”). Pursuant to the Foley Agreement. Mr. Foley is entitled to a base salary of $275,000 per year, and he will be eligible for an annual bonus of 50% of his gross salary. Mr. Foley also received an option to purchase 500,000 shares of our common stock, subject to a five-year vesting schedule. The Foley Agreement also provides that if Mr. Foley’s employment is terminated for any reason other than cause (as defined in the Foley Agreement), death or disability, or if he resigns for good reason (as defined in the Foley Agreement), and provided that in either case such termination constitutes a separation from service (as defined in the Foley Agreement), then subject to Mr. Foley executing a release agreement in Complete Solaria’s favor, and continuing to comply with all of his obligations to Complete Solaria and its affiliates, he will receive the following benefits: (a) payment of Mr. Foley’s earned but unpaid base salary; (b) payment of such officer of any unpaid bonus, with respect to the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which such termination or such resignation occurs; (c) payment of any vested benefits to which he may be entitled under any applicable plans and programs of the Company; (d) a severance payment equal to six months of Mr. Foley’s then base salary plus a pro rata portion of Mr. Foley bonus with respect to the fiscal year in which such termination or such resignation occurs.
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Chris Lundell
On December 7, 2023, we entered into an executive employment with Chris Lundell to serve as our Chief Executive Officer (the “Lundell Agreement”). Pursuant to the Lundell Agreement, Mr. Lundell was entitled to a base salary of $450,000 per year, and he was eligible for an annual bonus of 75% of his gross salary. Mr. Lundell also was previously granted an option to purchase 3,000,000 shares of our Common Stock. The Lundell Agreement provided that if Mr. Lundell’s employment was terminated for any reason other than cause (as defined in the Lundell Agreement), death or disability, or if he resigned for good reason (as defined in the Lundell Agreement), and provided that in either case such termination constitutes a separation from service (as defined in the Lundell Agreement) and the separation is not on or within 12 months following a change of control, then subject to his executing a release agreement in our favor, and continuing to comply with all of his obligations to Complete Solaria and our affiliates, he would receive the following benefits: (a) payment of Mr. Lundell’s earned but unpaid base salary; (b) payment of any unpaid bonus, with respect to the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which such termination or such resignation occurs; (c) payment of any vested benefits to which he may be entitled under any applicable plans and programs of Complete Solaria; (d) a severance payment equal to six months of Mr. Lundell’s then-base salary plus a pro rata portion of Mr. Lundell’s bonus with respect to the fiscal year in which such termination or such resignation occurs; (e) if he timely and properly elects to continue group health care coverage under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (“COBRA”), payment of Mr. Lundell’s COBRA premium expenses until the earliest of (i) the six-month anniversary of the termination date; (ii) the date he is no longer eligible to receive COBRA continuation coverage; and (iii) the date on which he becomes eligible to receive substantially similar coverage from another employer; and (f) the applicable post-termination exercised period for any vested options will extend to the earlier of (i) the six-month anniversary of the termination date, (ii) the expiration date of the option or (iii) earlier termination upon a corporate transaction.
On April 24, 2024 (the “Lundell Separation Date”), Mr. Lundell stepped down as Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to Mr. Lundell’s Separation Agreement, dated May 19, 2024, he received:
| ● | cash severance in an amount equal to six months of his base salary in effect as of the Lundell Separation Date, payable in installments beginning on the date that is the 60th day following the Lundell Separation Date; |
| ● | reimbursement of premiums, if any, for up to twelve (12) months following the Lundell Separation Date, provided proof of enrollment, for group healthcare coverage under COBRA; |
| ● | 350,000 stock options with 100,000 options vesting immediately, and with the remaining 250,000 stock options vesting monthly at 1/60th of the total value over five (5) years contingent upon continuing support to the Company; and |
| ● | retention of the 94,452 options that were granted to Mr. Lundell as a board member on December 3, 2023. |
Brian Wuebbels
On April 24, 2024, we entered into an executive employment agreement (the “Wuebbels Agreement”) with Brian Wuebbels to serve as Chief Operations Officer. Mr. Wuebbels was promoted from his position as Chief Financial Officer of the Company to Chief Operations Officer as of such date.
Pursuant to the Wuebbels Agreement, Mr. Wuebbels was entitled to a base salary of $330,000 per year, and he was eligible for an annual bonus of 50% of his gross salary. Mr. Wuebbels also previously was granted an option to purchase 750,000 shares of our Common Stock. The Wuebbels Agreement also provides that if Mr. Wuebbels’s employment was terminated for any reason other than cause (as defined in the Wuebbels Agreement), death or disability, or if such officer resigns for good reason (as defined in the Wuebbels Agreement), and provided that in either case such termination constitutes separation from service (as defined in the Wuebbels Agreement) and the separation is not on or within 12 months following a change of control, then subject to Mr. Wuebbels executing a release agreement in Complete Solaria’s favor, and continuing to comply with all of his obligations to Complete Solaria and its affiliates, he will receive the following benefits: (a) payment of Mr. Wuebbels earned but unpaid base salary; (b) payment to Mr. Wuebbels of any unpaid bonus, with respect to the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which such termination or such resignation occurs; (c) payment to Mr. Wuebbels of any vested benefits to which he may be entitled under any applicable plans and programs of the Company; (d) a severance payment equal to six months of Mr. Wuebbels then base salary plus a pro rata portion of Mr. Wuebbels bonus with respect to the fiscal year in which such termination or such resignation occurs; (e) if Mr. Wuebbels timely and properly elects to continue group health care coverage under COBRA, payment of Mr. Wuebbels’s COBRA premium expenses until the earliest of (i) the three-month anniversary of the termination date; (ii) the date Mr. Wuebbels is no longer eligible to receive COBRA continuation coverage; and (iii) the date on which Mr. Wuebbels becomes eligible to receive substantially similar coverage from another employer; and (f) the applicable post-termination exercised period for any vested options will extend to the earlier of (i) the six-month anniversary of the termination date, (ii) the expiration date of the option or (iii) earlier termination upon corporate transaction.
Effective August 16, 2024, Brian Wuebbels resigned as our Chief Operations Officer. On June 30, 2024, we entered into an employment extension agreement (the “Extension Agreement”) with Mr. Wuebbels. Pursuant to the Extension Agreement, Mr. Wuebbels’ health benefits continued through August 31, 2024, and Mr. Wuebbels received accelerated vesting of 208,115 of the 750,000 options that he was granted in April 2024.
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Base Salary
Base salaries are intended to provide a level of compensation sufficient to attract and retain an effective management team, when considered in combination with the other components of the executive compensation program. In general, Complete Solaria seeks to provide a base salary level designed to reflect each executive officer’s scope of responsibility and accountability.
Bonuses
Beginning January 1, 2024, each of our named executive officers (other than Mr. Rodgers) was eligible for an annual bonus of 50% of such officer’s annual gross salary, based on criteria determined by our Board of Directors, including, but not limited to, the satisfaction of minimum performance standards, and the achievement of budgetary and other objectives, set by our Board of Directors in its sole and absolute discretion. None of our named executive officers received a cash bonus during 2024.
Director Compensation
We did not pay any compensation to our directors or issue any equity awards to our directors during 2024.
Executive Compensation
Complete Solaria’s Compensation Committee oversees the compensation policies, plans and programs and reviews and determines compensation to be paid to executive officers, directors and other senior management, as appropriate. The compensation policies followed by Complete Solaria are intended to provide for compensation that is sufficient to attract, motivate and retain executives of Complete Solaria and potential other individuals and to establish an appropriate relationship between executive compensation and the creation of stockholder value.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation
Complete Solaria’s named executive officers did not participate in, or earn any benefits under, any nonqualified deferred compensation plan sponsored by Complete Solaria during 2024. The Board of Directors may elect to provide officers and other employees with nonqualified deferred compensation benefits in the future if it determines that doing so is in the Company’s best interests.
Pension Benefits
Complete Solaria’s named executive officers did not participate in, or otherwise receive any benefits under, any pension or retirement plan sponsored by Complete Solaria during 2024.
Employee Benefit Plans
Equity-based compensation has been and will continue to be an important foundation in executive compensation packages as Complete Solaria believes it is important to maintain a strong link between executive incentives and the creation of stockholder value. Complete Solaria believes that performance and equity-based compensation can be an important component of the total executive compensation package for maximizing stockholder value while, at the same time, attracting, motivating and retaining high-quality executives. In July 2023, our Board of Directors adopted the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The 2023 Plan and the ESPP became effective immediately upon the Closing of the Business Combination. Below is a description of the 2023 Plan, the ESPP, Complete Solaria’s 2022 Stock Plan (the “2022 Plan”), Complete Solaria’s 2011 Stock Plan (the “2011 Plan”), Complete Solaria’s 2016 Stock Plan (the “2016 Plan”) and Complete Solaria’s 2006 Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”). The 2022 Plan is the successor of the 2021 Stock Plan of Legacy Complete Solaria, which was amended and assumed by Complete Solaria in connection with a merger transaction completed prior to the Business Combination by Complete Solaria (the “Prior Transaction”). The 2011 Plan is the 2011 Stock Plan of Legacy Complete Solaria that was assumed by Complete Solaria in the Prior Transaction. The 2022 Plan, 2016 Plan, 2011 Plan and 2006 Plan are collectively referred to as the “Legacy Plans”.
The 2016 Plan and the 2006 Plan are the stock plans of Solaria that were assumed by Complete Solaria in the Prior Transaction.
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2023 Plan
In July 2023, our board of directors adopted and our stockholders approved the 2023 Plan. The 2023 Plan became effective immediately upon the closing.
Eligibility. Any individual who is an employee of Complete Solaria or any of its affiliates, or any person who provides services to Complete Solaria or its affiliates, including consultants and members of Complete Solaria’s Board, is eligible to receive awards under the 2023 Plan at the discretion of the plan administrator.
Awards. The 2023 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code to employees, including employees of any parent or subsidiary, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options (“NSOs”), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance awards and other forms of awards to employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of Complete Solaria’s affiliates.
Authorized Shares. Current, a maximum number of 11,147,034 (after giving effect to the evergreen increase effective as of January 1, 2025) of shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock may be issued under the 2023 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock reserved for issuance under the 2023 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each year, starting on January 1, 2024 and ending on January 1, 2033, in an amount equal to the lesser of (1) 4% of the total number of shares of Complete Solaria’s Common Stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding year, or (2) a lesser number of shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock determined by Complete Solaria’s Board prior to the date of the increase. The maximum number of shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock that may be issued on the exercise of ISOs under the 2023 Plan is three times the number of shares available for issuance upon the 2023 Plan becoming effective.
The unused shares subject to stock awards granted under the 2023 Plan that expire, lapse or are terminated, exchanged for or settled in cash, surrendered, repurchased, canceled without having been fully exercised or forfeited, in any case, in a manner that results in Complete Solaria acquiring shares covered by the stock award at a price not greater than the price (as adjusted pursuant to the 2023 Plan) paid by the participant for such shares or not issuing any shares covered by the stock award, will, as applicable, become or again be available for stock award grants under the 2023 Plan.
Non-Employee Director Compensation Limit. The aggregate value of all compensation granted or paid to any non-employee director with respect to any calendar year, including awards granted and cash fees paid to such non-employee director, will not exceed (1) $1,000,000 in total value or (2) if such non-employee director is first appointed or elected to Complete Solaria’s Board during such calendar year, $1,500,000 in total value, in each case, calculating the value of any equity awards based on the grant date fair value of such equity awards for financial reporting purposes.
Plan Administration. Complete Solaria’s Board, or a duly authorized committee thereof, will administer the 2023 Plan and is referred to as the “plan administrator” herein. Complete Solaria’s Board may also delegate to one or more of Complete Solaria’s officers the authority to (1) designate employees (other than officers) to receive specified stock awards and (2) determine the number of shares subject to such stock awards. Under the 2023 Plan, the Complete Solaria Board has the authority to determine award recipients, grant dates, the numbers and types of stock awards to be granted, the applicable fair market value, and the provisions of each stock award, including the period of exercisability and the vesting schedule applicable to a stock award.
Stock Options. ISOs and NSOs are granted under stock option agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for stock options, within the terms and conditions of the 2023 Plan, provided that the exercise price of a stock option generally cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of Complete Solaria Common Stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2023 Plan vest at the rate specified in the stock option agreement as determined by the plan administrator.
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The plan administrator determines the term of stock options granted under the 2023 Plan, up to a maximum of 10 years. Unless the terms of an optionholder’s stock option agreement provide otherwise or as otherwise provided by the plan administrator, if an optionholder’s service relationship with Complete Solaria or any of Complete Solaria’s affiliates ceases for any reason other than disability, death, or cause, the optionholder may generally exercise any vested options for a period of three months following the cessation of service. This period may be extended in the event that exercise of the option is prohibited by applicable securities laws. Unless the terms of an optionholder’s stock option agreement provide otherwise or as otherwise provided by the plan administrator, if an optionholder’s service relationship with Complete Solaria or any of Complete Solaria’s affiliates ceases due to death or disability, or an optionholder dies within a certain period following cessation of service, the optionholder or a beneficiary may generally exercise any vested options for a period of 18 months following the date of death, or 12 months following the date of disability. In the event of a termination for cause, options generally terminate upon the termination date. In no event may an option be exercised beyond the expiration of its term.
Acceptable consideration for the purchase of Complete Solaria Common Stock issued upon the exercise of a stock option will be determined by the plan administrator and may include (1) cash, check, bank draft or money order, (2) a broker-assisted cashless exercise, (3) the tender of shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock previously owned by the optionholder, (4) a net exercise of the option if it is an NSO or (5) other legal consideration approved by the plan administrator.
Unless the plan administrator provides otherwise, options and stock appreciation rights generally are not transferable except by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Subject to approval of the plan administrator or a duly authorized officer, an option may be transferred pursuant to a domestic relations order.
Tax Limitations on ISOs. The aggregate fair market value, determined at the time of grant, of Complete Solaria’s Common Stock with respect to ISOs that are exercisable for the first time by an award holder during any calendar year under all of Complete Solaria’s stock plans may not exceed $100,000. Options or portions thereof that exceed such limit will generally be treated as NSOs. No ISO may be granted to any person who, at the time of the grant, owns or is deemed to own stock possessing more than 10% of Complete Solaria’s total combined voting power or that of any of Complete Solaria’s parent or subsidiary corporations unless (1) the option exercise price is at least 110% of the fair market value of the stock subject to the option on the date of grant and (2) the term of the ISO does not exceed five years from the date of grant.
Restricted Stock Unit Awards. Restricted stock unit awards are granted under restricted stock unit award agreements adopted by the plan administrator. Restricted stock unit awards will generally be granted in consideration for a participant’s services, but may be granted in consideration for any form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the plan administrator and permissible under applicable law. A restricted stock unit award may be settled by cash, delivery of shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock, a combination of cash and shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock as determined by the plan administrator, or in any other form of consideration set forth in the restricted stock unit award agreement. Additionally, dividend equivalents may be credited in respect of shares covered by a restricted stock unit award. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement or by the plan administrator, restricted stock unit awards that have not vested will be forfeited once the participant’s continuous service ends for any reason.
Restricted Stock Awards. Restricted stock awards are granted under restricted stock award agreements adopted by the plan administrator. A restricted stock award may be awarded in consideration for cash, check, bank draft or money order, services to us, or any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the plan administrator and permissible under applicable law. The plan administrator determines the terms and conditions of restricted stock awards, including vesting and forfeiture terms. If a participant’s service relationship with Complete Solaria ends for any reason, Complete Solaria may receive any or all of the shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock held by the participant that have not vested as of the date the participant terminates service with Complete Solaria through a forfeiture condition or a repurchase right.
Stock Appreciation Rights. Stock appreciation rights are granted under stock appreciation right agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the strike price for a stock appreciation right, which generally cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of Complete Solaria Common Stock on the date of grant. A stock appreciation right granted under the 2023 Plan vests at the rate specified in the stock appreciation right agreement as determined by the plan administrator. Stock appreciation rights may be settled in cash or shares of Complete Solaria Common Stock or in any other form of payment, as determined by the plan administrator and specified in the stock appreciation right agreement.
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The plan administrator determines the term of stock appreciation rights granted under the 2023 Plan, up to a maximum of 10 years. Unless the terms of a participant’s stock appreciation rights agreement provide otherwise or as otherwise provided by the plan administrator, if a participant’s service relationship with Complete Solaria or any of its affiliates ceases for any reason other than cause, disability, or death, the participant may generally exercise any vested stock appreciation right for a period of three months following the cessation of service. This period may be further extended in the event that exercise of the stock appreciation right following such a termination of service is prohibited by applicable securities laws. Unless the terms of a participant’s stock appreciation rights agreement provide otherwise or as otherwise provided by the plan administrator, if a participant’s service relationship with Complete Solaria or any of its affiliates, ceases due to disability or death, or a participant dies within a certain period following cessation of service, the participant or a beneficiary may generally exercise any vested stock appreciation right for a period of 12 months in the event of disability and 18 months in the event of death. In the event of a termination for cause, stock appreciation rights generally terminate immediately upon the occurrence of the event giving rise to the termination of the individual for cause. In no event may a stock appreciation right be exercised beyond the expiration of its term.
Performance Awards. The 2023 Plan permits the grant of performance awards that may be settled in stock, cash or other property. Performance awards may be structured so that the stock or cash will be issued or paid only following the achievement of certain pre-established performance goals during a designated performance period. Performance awards that are settled in cash or other property are not required to be valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, Complete Solaria Common Stock.
Other Stock Awards. The plan administrator may grant other awards based in whole or in part by reference to New Complete Solaria’s Common Stock. The plan administrator will set the number of shares under the stock award (or cash equivalent) and all other terms and conditions of such awards.
Changes to Capital Structure. In the event there is a specified type of change in the capital structure of Complete Solaria, such as a stock split, reverse stock split, or recapitalization, appropriate adjustments will be made to (1) the class and maximum number of shares subject to the 2023 Plan, (2) the class(es) and maximum number of shares that may be issued pursuant to the exercise of incentive stock options, and (3) the class and number of shares and exercise price, strike price, or purchase price, if applicable, of all outstanding stock awards.
Corporate Transactions. The following applies to stock awards under the 2023 Plan in the event of a corporate transaction (as defined in the 2023 Plan), unless otherwise provided in a participant’s stock award agreement or other written agreement with Complete Solaria or one of its affiliates or unless otherwise expressly provided by the plan administrator at the time of grant.
In the event of a corporate transaction, any stock awards outstanding under the 2023 Plan may be assumed, or continued by any surviving or acquiring corporation (or its parent company), or new awards may be issued by such surviving or acquiring corporation (or its parent company) in substitution of such awards, and any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by Complete Solaria with respect to the stock award may be assigned to Complete Solaria’s successor (or its parent company). If the surviving or acquiring corporation (or its parent company) does not assume, continue or substitute such stock awards, then with respect to any such stock awards that are held by participants whose continuous service has not terminated prior to the effective time of the corporate transaction, or current participants, the vesting (and exercisability, if applicable) of such stock awards will be accelerated in full (or, in the case of performance awards with multiple vesting levels depending on the level of performance, vesting will accelerate at 100% of the target level) to a date prior to the effective time of the corporate transaction (contingent upon the effectiveness of the corporate transaction), and such stock awards will terminate if not exercised (if applicable) at or prior to the effective time of the corporate transaction, and any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by Complete Solaria with respect to such stock awards will lapse (contingent upon the effectiveness of the corporate transaction). Any such stock awards that are held by persons other than current participants will terminate if not exercised (if applicable) prior to the effective time of the corporate transaction, except that any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by Complete Solaria with respect to such stock awards will not terminate and may continue to be exercised notwithstanding the corporate transaction.
In the event a stock award will terminate if not exercised prior to the effective time of a corporate transaction, the plan administrator may provide, in its sole discretion, that the holder of such stock award may not exercise such stock award but instead will receive a payment equal in value to the excess (if any) of (i) the per share amount payable to holders of Complete Solaria Common Stock in connection with the corporate transaction, over (ii) if applicable, any per share exercise price payable by such holder.
Plan Amendment or Termination. Complete Solaria’s Board has the authority to amend, suspend, or terminate the 2023 Plan at any time, provided that such action does not materially impair the existing rights of any participant without such participant’s written consent. Certain material amendments also require approval of Complete Solaria’s stockholders. No ISOs may be granted after the tenth anniversary of the date the Board adopts the 2023 Plan. No stock awards may be granted under the 2023 Plan while it is suspended or after it is terminated.
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Complete Solaria 2023 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In July 2023, our Board of Directors adopted and our stockholders approved the 2023 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP became effective immediately upon the Closing of the Business Combination.
Administration. The Board of Directors, or a duly authorized committee thereof, will administer the ESPP.
Limitations. Our employees and the employees of any of our designated affiliates, as designated by the Board of Directors, will be eligible to participate in the ESPP, provided they may have to satisfy one or more of the following service requirements before participating in the ESPP, as determined by the administrator: (1) customary employment with Complete Solaria or one of its affiliates for more than 20 hours per week and five or more months per calendar year or (2) continuous employment with Complete Solaria or one of its affiliates for a minimum period of time, not to exceed two years, prior to the first date of an offering. In addition, the Board of Directors may also exclude from participation in the ESPP or any offering, employees who are “highly compensated employees” (within the meaning of Section 423(b)(4)(D) of the Code) or a subset of such highly compensated employees. If this proposal is approved by the stockholders, all the employees of Complete Solaria and its related corporations will be eligible to participate in the ESPP following the Closing of the Business Combination. An employee may not be granted rights to purchase stock under the ESPP (a) if such employee immediately after the grant would own stock possessing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of Complete Solaria’s capital stock or (b) to the extent that such rights would accrue at a rate that exceeds $25,000 worth of Complete Solaria capital stock for each calendar year that the rights remain outstanding.
The ESPP is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan under Section 423 of the Code. The administrator may specify offerings with a duration of not more than 27 months and may specify one or more shorter purchase periods within each offering. Each offering will have one or more purchase dates on which shares of Common Stock will be purchased for the employees who are participating in the offering. The administrator, in its discretion, will determine the terms of offerings under the ESPP. The administrator has the discretion to structure an offering so that if the fair market value of a share of Complete Solaria’s stock on any purchase date during the offering period is less than or equal to the fair market value of a share of Complete Solaria’s stock on the first day of the offering period, then that offering will terminate immediately, and the participants in such terminated offering will be automatically enrolled in a new offering that begins immediately after such purchase date.
A participant may not transfer purchase rights under the ESPP other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or as otherwise provided under the ESPP.
Payroll Deductions. The ESPP permits participants to purchase shares of Common Stock through payroll deductions. Unless otherwise determined by the administrator, the purchase price of the shares will be 85% of the lower of the fair market value of Common Stock on the first day of an offering or on the date of purchase. Participants may end their participation at any time during an offering and will be paid their accrued contributions that have not yet been used to purchase shares, without interest. Participation ends automatically upon termination of employment with Complete Solaria and its related corporations.
Withdrawal. Participants may withdraw from an offering by delivering a withdrawal form to Complete Solaria and terminating their contributions. Such withdrawal may be elected at any time prior to the end of an offering, except as otherwise provided by the plan Administrator. Upon such withdrawal, Complete Solaria will distribute to the employee his or her accumulated but unused contributions without interest, and such employee’s right to participate in that offering will terminate. However, an employee’s withdrawal from an offering does not affect such employee’s eligibility to participate in any other offerings under the ESPP.
Termination of Employment. A participant’s rights under any offering under the ESPP will terminate immediately if the participant either (i) is no longer employed by Complete Solaria or any of its parent or subsidiary companies (subject to any post-employment participation period required by law) or (ii) is otherwise no longer eligible to participate. In such event, Complete Solaria will distribute to the participant his or her accumulated but unused contributions, without interest.
Corporate Transactions. In the event of certain specified significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or change in control, a successor corporation may assume, continue, or substitute each outstanding purchase right. If the successor corporation does not assume, continue, or substitute for the outstanding purchase rights, the offering in progress will be shortened and the participants’ accumulated contributions will be used to purchase shares of Common Stock within ten business days (or such other period specified by the plan administrator) prior to the corporate transaction, and the participants’ purchase rights will terminate immediately thereafter.
Amendment and Termination. The Board of Directors has the authority to amend, suspend, or terminate the ESPP, at any time and for any reason, provided certain types of amendments will require the approval of Complete Solaria’s stockholders. Any benefits, privileges, entitlements and obligations under any outstanding purchase rights granted before an amendment, suspension or termination of the ESPP will not be materially impaired by any such amendment, suspension or termination except (i) with the consent of the person to whom such purchase rights were granted, (ii) as necessary to facilitate compliance with any laws, listing requirements, or governmental regulations, or (iii) as necessary to obtain or maintain favorable tax, listing, or regulatory treatment. The ESPP will remain in effect until terminated by the Board of Directors in accordance with the terms of the ESPP.
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2022 Plan
Background; Termination and No Further Grants Under 2022 Stock Plan. Complete Solaria’s board of directors adopted, and Complete Solaria’s stockholders approved, the 2022 Plan in October 2022 in connection with the Prior Transaction. The 2022 Plan amended and restated Legacy Complete Solaria’s 2021 Stock Plan.
The 2022 Plan terminated when the 2023 Plan became effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination. However, any outstanding awards granted under the 2022 Plan remain outstanding, subject to the terms of Complete Solaria’s 2022 Plan and award agreements, until such outstanding options are exercised or until any awards terminate or expire by their terms.
As of April 30, 2025, there were outstanding awards relating to 3,265,128 shares of Common Stock under the 2022 Plan and the other Legacy Plans, collectively.
Stock Awards. The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and nonstatutory stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock and restricted stock awards (collectively, “stock awards”). ISOs may be granted only to Complete Solaria employees and the employees of any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation. All other awards may be granted to Complete Solaria employees, non-employee directors and consultants and the employees and consultants of Complete Solaria affiliates.
If a stock award granted under the 2022 Plan expires or otherwise terminates without being exercised in full, or is settled in cash, the shares of Common Stock not acquired pursuant to the stock award again will become available for subsequent issuance under the 2022 Plan (in the event that the 2023 Plan does not become effective as described in the preceding paragraph). In addition, the following types of shares of Common Stock under the 2022 Plan may become available for the grant of new stock awards under the 2022 Plan: (1) shares that are forfeited to or repurchased by Complete Solaria prior to becoming fully vested; (2) shares retained to satisfy income or employment withholding taxes; (3) shares retained to pay the exercise or purchase price of a stock award; or (4) shares surrendered pursuant to an option exchange program.
Administration. The Board of Directors, or a duly authorized committee thereof, has the authority to administer the 2022 Plan. The Board of Directors may also delegate to one or more officers the authority to (1) designate employees (other than other officers or directors) to be recipients of certain stock awards, and (2) grant stock awards to such individuals within parameters specified by the Board of Directors. Subject to the terms of the 2022 Plan, the plan administrator determines the award recipients, dates of grant, the numbers and types of stock awards to be granted and the applicable fair market value and the provisions of the stock awards, including the period of their exercisability, the vesting schedule applicable to a stock award and any repurchase rights that may apply. The plan administrator has the authority to modify outstanding awards, including reducing the exercise, purchase or strike price of any outstanding stock award, canceling any outstanding stock award in exchange for new stock awards, cash or other consideration or taking any other action that is treated as a repricing under generally accepted accounting principles, with the consent of any adversely affected participant.
Stock Options. ISOs and NSOs are granted pursuant to stock option agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for a stock option, provided that the exercise price of a stock option generally cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of Common Stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2022 Plan vest at the rate specified by the plan administrator.
The plan administrator determines the term of stock options granted under the 2022 Plan, up to a maximum of ten years. Unless the terms of an optionholder’s stock option agreement provide otherwise, if an optionholder’s service relationship with us, or any of Complete Solaria’s affiliates, ceases for any reason other than disability, death or cause, the optionholder may generally exercise any vested options for a period of three months following the cessation of service. The option term may be extended in the event that the exercise of the option following such a termination of service is prohibited by applicable securities laws. If an optionholder’s service relationship with Complete Solaria or any of its affiliates ceases due to disability or death, or an optionholder dies within 3 months following cessation of service, the optionholder or a beneficiary may generally exercise any vested options for a period of 12 months following such disability or death. In the event of a termination for cause, options generally terminate immediately upon the termination of the individual for cause. In no event may an option be exercised beyond the expiration of its term.
Acceptable consideration for the purchase of Common Stock issued upon the exercise of a stock option will be determined by the plan administrator and may include: (1) cash; (2) check; (3) to the extent permitted under applicable laws, a promissory note; (4) cancellation of indebtedness; (5) other previously owned Complete Solaria shares; (6) a cashless exercise; (7) such other consideration and method of payment permitted under applicable laws; or (8) any combination of the foregoing methods of payment.
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Tax Limitations on Incentive Stock Options. The aggregate fair market value, determined at the time of grant, of Common Stock with respect to ISOs that are exercisable for the first time by an optionholder during any calendar year under all Complete Solaria stock plans may not exceed $100,000. Options or portions thereof that exceed such limit will generally be treated as NSOs. No ISO may be granted to any person who, at the time of the grant, owns or is deemed to own stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of Complete Solaria or that of any of its affiliates unless (1) the option exercise price is at least 110% of the fair market value of the stock subject to the option on the date of grant and (2) the term of the ISO does not exceed five years from the date of grant.
Incentive Stock Option Limit. The maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued upon the exercise of ISOs under the 2022 Plan is 6,677,960 shares plus, to the extent permitted by applicable law, any shares that again become available for issuance under the 2022 Plan.
Restricted Stock Awards. Restricted stock awards are granted pursuant to restricted stock award agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The permissible consideration for restricted stock awards is the same as apply to stock options. Common Stock acquired under a restricted stock award may, but need not, be subject to a share repurchase option in Complete Solaria’s favor in accordance with a vesting schedule to be determined by the plan administrator. A restricted stock award may be transferred only upon such terms and conditions as set by the plan administrator. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, restricted stock awards that have not vested may be forfeited or repurchased by Complete Solaria upon the participant’s cessation of continuous service for any reason.
Changes to Capital Structure. In the event that there is a specified type of change in Complete Solaria’s capital structure, including without limitation a stock split or recapitalization, extraordinary divided payable in a form other than shares in an amount that has a material effect on the fair market value of the Common Stock, or any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares effected without receipt of consideration by Complete Solaria, appropriate adjustments will be made to (1) the class and maximum number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan, and (2) the class and number of shares and price per share of stock (including any repurchase price per share) subject to outstanding stock awards.
Corporate Transactions. The 2022 Plan provides that in the event of certain specified significant corporate transactions, unless otherwise provided in an award agreement or other written agreement between Complete Solaria and the award holder, each outstanding award (vested or unvested) will be treated as the plan administrator determines, including (without limitation) taking one or more of the following actions with respect to each stock award, contingent upon the closing or completion of the transaction: (1) arranging for the assumption, continuation or substitution of the stock award by a successor corporation, (2) arranging for the assignment of any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by Complete Solaria in respect of Common Stock issued pursuant to the stock award to a successor corporation, or (3) canceling the stock award in exchange for a cash payment, or no payment, as determined by the plan administrator (including a payment equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the shares as of the closing date of such corporate transaction over any exercise or purchase price payable by the holder (which payment may be delayed to the same extent that payment of consideration to the holders of Common Stock in connection with the transaction is delayed as a result of any escrow, holdback, earnout or similar contingencies). The plan administrator is not obligated to treat all stock awards or portions thereof in the same manner, and the plan administrator may take different actions with respect to the vested and unvested portions of a stock award.
Under the 2022 Plan, a significant corporate transaction is generally the consummation of (1) a transfer of all or substantially all of Complete Solaria’s assets, (2) the consummation of a transaction, or series of related transactions, in which any person becomes the beneficial owners of more than 50% of Complete Solaria’s then-outstanding capital stock, or (3) a merger, consolidation or other capital reorganization or business combination transaction of Complete Solaria with our into another corporation, entity or person.
Transferability. A participant generally may not transfer stock awards under the 2022 Plan other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution or as otherwise provided under the 2022 Plan.
Amendment and Termination. The Board of Directors has the authority to amend, suspend or terminate the 2022 Plan, provided that, with certain exceptions, such action does not impair the existing rights of any participant without such participant’s written consent. Certain material amendments also require the approval of our stockholders. Unless terminated sooner by the Board of Directors, the 2022 Plan will automatically terminate in October 2032. No stock awards may be granted under the 2022 Plan while it is suspended or terminated.
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2011 Plan
Background; Termination and No Further Grants under 2011 Stock Plan. Legacy Complete Solaria’s board of directors adopted the 2011 Plan in January 2011 and was amended from to time by Legacy Complete Solaria’s board of directors and its stockholders.
The 2011 Plan was terminated in November 2021 in connection with Complete Solaria’s adoption of the 2022 Plan, and no new awards may be granted under it. The 2011 Plan was assumed by Complete Solaria in connection with the Prior Transaction. Outstanding awards granted under the 2011 Plan remain outstanding, subject to the terms of the 2011 Plan and award agreements, until such outstanding options are exercised or terminate or expire by their terms.
As of April 30, 2025, there were outstanding awards relating to 3,265,128 shares of Common Stock under the 2011 Plan and the other Legacy Plans, collectively.
Plan Administration. The Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee of the Board of Directors administers the 2011 Plan and the awards granted under it.
Capitalization Adjustments. In the event that any change is made in, or other events occur with respect to, our Common Stock subject to the 2011 Plan or any stock award, such as certain mergers, consolidations, reorganizations, recapitalizations, dividends, stock splits, or other similar transactions, appropriate adjustments will be made to the classes, number of shares subject to, and price per share and repurchase price, if applicable, of any outstanding stock awards.
Corporate Transactions. In the event of a sale of all or substantially all of our assets or our merger, consolidation or other capital reorganization or business combination transaction with or into another corporation, entity or person, our 2011 Plan provides that any surviving or acquiring corporation (or parent thereof) may assume or substitute such outstanding awards and any reacquisition or repurchase rights may be assigned to such surviving or acquiring corporation (or parent thereof), or such awards may be terminated in exchange for a payment of cash, securities and/or other property equal to the excess of the fair market value of the portion of the stock subject to such awards vested and exercisable as of immediately prior to the consummation of such corporate transaction. If the surviving or acquiring corporation (or parent thereof) does not assume or substitute outstanding awards in the corporate transaction, or exchange such awards for a payment, then each such outstanding award shall terminate upon consummation of the corporate transaction.
Change in Control. In the event of a change in control (as defined in the 2011 Plan), a stock award may be subject to additional acceleration of vesting and exercisability upon or after a change in control, as may be provided in the stock award agreement or in any other written agreement between us and a participant. In the absence of such a provision, no such acceleration will occur.
Amendment of Awards. The plan administrator has the authority to modify outstanding stock awards under our 2011 Plan; provided that no such amendment or modification may impair the rights of any participant with respect to awards granted prior to such action without such participant’s written consent.
2016 Plan
Background; Termination and No Further Grants Under 2016 Plan. Solaria’s board of directors adopted, and Solaria’s stockholders approved, the 2016 Plan, in May 2016 and July 2016, respectively. Complete Solaria assumed the 2016 Plan in connection with the Prior Transaction.
The 2016 Plan was terminated in November 2022 in connection with the Prior Transaction, and no new awards may be granted under it. Outstanding awards granted under the 2016 Plan remain outstanding, subject to the terms of the 2016 Plan and award agreements, until such outstanding options are exercised or terminate or expire by their terms.
As of April 30, 2025, there were outstanding awards relating to 3,265,128 shares of Common Stock under the 2016 Plan and the other Legacy Plans, collectively.
Plan Administration. The Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee administers the 2016 Plan and the awards granted under it.
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Capitalization Adjustments. In the event that any change is made in, or other events occur with respect to, Common Stock subject to the 2016 Plan or any stock award, such as certain mergers, consolidations, reorganizations, recapitalizations, dividends, stock splits, or other similar transactions, appropriate adjustments will be made to the classes, number of shares subject to, and the price per share, if applicable, of any outstanding stock awards.
Change in Control. In the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2016 Plan), our 2016 Plan provides that unless otherwise provided in a written agreement between us and any participant or unless otherwise expressly provided by the Board of Directors at the time of grant of an award, any surviving or acquiring corporation (or parent thereof) may assume, continue or substitute such outstanding awards and any reacquisition or repurchase rights may be assigned to such surviving or acquiring corporation (or parent thereof). If the surviving or acquiring corporation (or parent thereof) does not assume, continue or substitute outstanding awards in the corporate transaction, then the Board of Directors may provide for the accelerated vesting (in whole or in part) of any or all awards or may cancel any award for such consideration, if any, as the Board of Directors may consider appropriate.
Amendment of Awards. The plan administrator has the authority to modify outstanding stock awards under our 2016 Plan; provided that no such amendment or modification may impair the rights of any participant with respect to awards granted prior to such action without such participant’s written consent.
2006 Plan
Background; Termination and No Further Grants Under 2006 Plan. Solaria’s board of directors adopted, and Solaria’s stockholders approved, the 2006 Plan, in February 2006 and August 2006, respectively, and it was amended and restated from to time by Solaria’s board of directors and its stockholders.
The 2006 Plan was terminated in February 2016 in connection with Solaria’s adoption of the 2016 Plan, and no new awards may be granted under it. Complete Solaria assumed the outstanding awards granted pursuant to the 2006 Plan in connection with the Prior Transaction. Outstanding awards granted under the 2006 Plan remain outstanding, subject to the terms of the 2006 Plan and award agreements, until such outstanding options are exercised or terminate or expire by their terms.
As of April 30, 2025, there were outstanding awards relating to 3,265,128 shares of Common Stock under the 2066 Plan and the other Legacy Plans, collectively.
Plan Administration. The Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee administers the 2006 Plan and the awards granted under it.
Capitalization Adjustments. In the event that any change is made in, or other events occur with respect to, our Common Stock subject to the 2006 Plan or any stock award, such as certain mergers, consolidations, reorganizations, recapitalizations, dividends, stock splits, or other similar transactions affecting the shares subject to the 2006 Plan, appropriate adjustments will be made to the class and number of shares subject to, and the price per share, if applicable, of any outstanding stock awards.
Change in Control. In the event of a change in control (as defined in the 2006 Plan), our 2006 Plan provides that any successor corporation (or parent thereof) will assume or substitute such outstanding awards and any reacquisition or repurchase rights may be assigned to such surviving or acquiring corporation (or parent thereof). If the surviving or acquiring corporation (or parent thereof) does not assume or substitute outstanding awards in the corporate transaction, then the vesting of outstanding awards held by participants will accelerate in full and any repurchase rights held by us with respect to such awards will lapse, contingent upon the effectiveness of such transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that stock awards will terminate if not exercised prior to the effective time of a corporate transaction, our Board of Directors may provide that such awards will be canceled for a payment equal to the excess, if any, of the value of the property the holder would have received upon exercise of such award over any exercise price payable.
In addition, with respect to awards (and, if applicable, shares of restricted stock acquired pursuant to such awards) granted to non-employee directors that are assumed or substituted for, if on or following the date of such assumption or substitution such individual’s status as a director is involuntarily terminated, such individual shall fully vest in and have the right to exercise awards as to all of the shares subject thereto.
Also, with respect to awards (and, if applicable, shares of restricted stock acquired pursuant to such awards) granted to participants that are assumed or substituted for, if either (x) such participant remains continuously employed by us or our successor through the one-year anniversary of such change in control or (y) such participant’s employment is involuntarily terminated without cause (as such term is defined in the 2006 Plan), or such participant’s duties are material diminished, in either case at any time prior to the one-year anniversary of such change in control, such individual will vest into such awards on an accelerated basis as if such individual had provided an additional 12 months of continuous service, such individual shall fully vest in and have the right to exercise awards as to all of the shares subject thereto.
Amendment of Awards. The plan administrator has the authority to modify outstanding stock awards under our 2006 Plan; provided that no such amendment or modification may impair the rights of any participant with respect to awards granted prior to such action without such participant’s written consent.
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Health and Welfare Benefits
Complete Solaria provides benefits to its named executive officers on the same basis as provided to all of its employees, including health, dental and vision insurance; life and disability insurance; and a tax-qualified Section 401(k) plan. Complete Solaria does not maintain any executive-specific benefit or perquisite programs.
Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans
Complete Solaria’s directors and executive officers may adopt written plans, known as Rule 10b5-1 plans, in which they will contract with a broker to buy or sell shares of Common Stock on a periodic basis. Under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or executive officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them. The director or executive officer may amend a Rule 10b5-1 plan in some circumstances and may terminate a plan at any time. Complete Solaria’s directors and executive officers also may buy or sell additional shares outside of a Rule 10b5-1 plan when they are not in possession of material nonpublic information, subject to compliance with the terms of our insider trading policy.
Emerging Growth Company Status
Complete Solaria is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company it is exempt from certain requirements related to executive compensation, including the requirements to hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and to provide information relating to the ratio of total compensation of its chief executive officer to the median of the annual total compensation of all of its employees, each as required by the Investor Protection and Securities Reform Act of 2010, which is part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Incentive Plans
The following table provides certain information with respect to our 2023 Plan and Legacy Plans as of December 31, 2024.
| Plan Category | (a) Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights | (b) Weighted- Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights | (c) Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders | 10,306,835 | $ | 2.5375 | 1,340,493 | ||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Total | 10,306,835 | $ | 2.5375 | 1,340,493 | ||||||||
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of shares of our Common Stock as of April 30, 2025 by:
| ● | each person known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock; |
| ● | each of our directors and director nominees; |
| ● | each executive officer; and |
| ● | all of our directors and executive officers as a group. |
The SEC has defined “beneficial ownership” of a security to mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of voting power and/or investment power over such security. A stockholder is also deemed to be, as of any date, the beneficial owner of all securities that such stockholder has the right to acquire within 60 days after that date through (a) the exercise of any option, warrant or right; (b) the conversion of a security; (c) the power to revoke a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement; or (d) the automatic termination of a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, ordinary shares subject to options or other rights (as set forth above) held by that person that are currently exercisable, or will become exercisable within 60 days, are deemed outstanding, while such shares are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing percentage ownership of any other person.
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This table is based upon information supplied by officers, directors and principal stockholders and Schedules 13G or 13D filed with the SEC. Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table and subject to community property laws where applicable, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by them. Applicable percentages are based on 65,781,061 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 31, 2025, adjusted as required by rules promulgated by the SEC.
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) | Number of Shares | Percentage of Common Stock Outstanding | ||||||
| 5% or Greater Stockholders: | ||||||||
| Ecosystem Integrity Fund II, L.P.(2) | 8,399,653 | 12.3 | % | |||||
| Thurman J. (T.J.) Rodgers(3) | 10,891,582 | 16.3 | % | |||||
| Entities affiliated with Alyeska Investment Group, L.P.(4) | 7,236,624 | 10.9 | % | |||||
| Entities Affiliated with Kline Hill(5) | 7,299,695 | 10.3 | % | |||||
| Executive Officers and Incumbent Directors and Director Nominees: | ||||||||
| Thurman J. Rodgers(3) | 10,891,582 | 16.3 | % | |||||
| William J. Anderson(6) | 2,691,833 | 3.9 | % | |||||
| Antonio R. Alvarez(7) | 94,452 | * | ||||||
| Daniel Foley | — | — | ||||||
| Devin Whatley(2) | 8,487,777 | 12.4 | % | |||||
| Tidjane Thiam(8) | 265,193 | * | ||||||
| Adam Gishen(9) | 268,468 | * | ||||||
| Ronald Pasek(10) | 113,437 | * | ||||||
| Chris Lundell(11) | 248,619 | * | ||||||
| Lothar Maier | — | — | ||||||
| J. Daniel McCranie(12) | — | * | ||||||
| All directors and executive officers as a group (11 persons) | 23,061,361 | 32.3 | % | |||||
| * | Less than one percent. |
| (1) | Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the directors and executive officers of the Company is c/o Complete Solaria, Inc., 45700 Northport Loop East, Fremont, CA 94538. |
| (2) | Includes (i) 5,832,054 shares held by Ecosystem Integrity Fund II, L.P., of which Mr. Devin Whatley is the managing member of the general partner, (ii) 198,346 shares held by EIF CS SPV LLC, and (iii) 2,369,253 shares issuable pursuant to Complete Solaria warrants exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025. The business address of each of Ecosystem Integrity Fund II, L.P., EIF CS SPV LLC and Mr. Whatley is 20 Richelle Court, Lafayette, California 94549. In the case of Mr. Whatley, also includes 88,124 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025. |
| (3) | Includes (i) 485,562 shares held by Rodgers Capital, LLC, (ii) 8,842 shares held by Thurman J. Rodgers, (iii) 7,701,602 shares held by the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust, (iv) 1,838,235 shares held by the Rodgers Massey Freedom and Free Markets Charitable Trust, (v) 724,416 shares issuable pursuant to Complete Solaria warrants exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025, and (vi) 132,925 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025. The business address of the foregoing holders is 45700 Northport Loop East, Fremont, CA 94538. In addition to the foregoing and the number of shares reflected in the table above, (a) the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust holds $18,000,000 principal amount of the July 2024 Notes, which, subject to the terms and conditions of the July 2024 Notes, are convertible into 10,714,285 shares of Common Stock, (b) the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust and the Mordgers Massey Freedom and Free Markets Charitable Trust own in the aggregate $8,000,000 principal amount of the September 2024 Notes, which, subject to the terms and conditions of the September 2024 Notes, are convertible into 3,742,690 shares of Common Stock, and (c) 13,888,889 shares of Common Stock are issuable (but not yet issued) as Amendment Shares in respect of the First Safe and the Second Safe (all as defined below). |
| (4) | Based solely on information obtained from a Schedule 13G filed by Alyeska Investment Group, L.P. on February14, 2025. Represents 219,080 shares of Common Stock held by Alyeska Investment Group, L.P., Alyeska Fund GP, LLC, and Anand Parekh, as well as 7,017,544 shares of Common Stock issuable under the September 2024 Notes. The September 2024 Notes are not currently convertible in accordance with their terms. The principal business address is 77 West Wacker Drive, 7th Floor, Chicago, IL 60601. |
| (5) | Based solely on information obtained from a Schedule 13G filed by KHP Fund GP LLC (“KHP Fund GP”) on February 5, 2025. Includes (i) an aggregate of 2,383,534 shares of Common Stock held by Kline Hill Partners Fund LP (“KHP LP”), Kline Hill Partners IV SPV LLC (“KHP IV SPV”) and Kline Hill Partners Opportunity IV SPV LLC (“KHP Opportunity IV SPV”), (ii) an aggregate of 4,745,675 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the outstanding convertible promissory notes held by KHP LP, KHP IV SPV and KHP Opportunity IV SPV and (iii) an aggregate of 170,486 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants held by KHP LP, KHP IV SPV and KHP Opportunity IV SPV. KHP Fund GP is the general partner of KHP LP and may be deemed to share voting, investment and dispositive power with respect to these securities. Kline Hill Partners Fund IV LP (“KHP IV LP”) is the sole member of KHP IV SPV and may be deemed to share voting, investment and dispositive power with respect to these securities. KHP Fund IV GP is the general partner of KHP IV LP and may be deemed to share voting, investment and dispositive power with respect to these securities. KHP Opportunity IV LP is the sole member of KHP Opportunity IV SPV and may be deemed to share voting, investment and dispositive power with respect to these securities. KHP Fund IV GP is the general partner of KHP Opportunity IV LP and may be deemed to share voting, investment and dispositive power with respect to these securities. Michael Bego and Jared Barlow are the managing members of KHP Fund GP and KPH Fund IV GP and may be deemed to share voting, investment and dispositive power with respect to these securities. Other than those securities reported herein as being held directly by such securityholder, each of them disclaims any such beneficial ownership of such securities, except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest. The business address for Kline Hill is 325 Greenwich Ave., 3rd Floor, Greenwich, CT 06830. |
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| (6) | Includes (i) 934,751 shares of Common Stock, (ii) 1,615,895 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025, and (iii) 141,187 shares issuable pursuant to Complete Solaria warrants exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025. |
| (7) | Includes 94,452 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025. |
| (8) | Includes (i) 158,624 shares of Common Stock, (ii) 12,117 shares issuable pursuant to Complete Solaria warrants exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025, and (iii) 94,452 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2025. |
| (9) | Includes (i) 167,742 shares of Common Stock, (ii) 1,211 shares issuable pursuant to Complete Solaria warrants exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025, and (iii) 99,515 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025. |
| (10) | Includes 113,437 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025. |
| (11) | Includes 248,619 shares issuable pursuant to stock options exercisable within 60 days of April 30, 2025. |
| (12) | The Dan and Kathy McCranie 2000 Revocable Trust holds September 2024 Notes convertible into 350,877 shares of Common Stock. Mr. McCranie serves as trustee of the Dan and Kathy McCranie 2000 Revocable Trust. Mr. McCranie disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein. |
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The compensation arrangements for our directors and executive officers are described in Item 11 above, and the descriptions of such compensation arrangements are incorporated by reference into this section. Additionally, below is a description of transactions since January 1, 2024 to which we were a party, in which:
| ● | the amounts involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000; and |
| ● | any of our directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any member of the immediate family of, or person sharing the household with, the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. |
Simple Agreements For Future Equity
On January 31, 2024, we entered into a simple agreement for future equity (the “First SAFE”) with the Rodgers Massey Freedom and Free Markets Charitable Trust (the “Purchaser”) in connection with the Purchaser investing $1.5 million in us. The First SAFE was initially convertible into shares of our Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, upon the initial closing of a bona fide transaction or series of transactions with the principal purpose of raising capital (an “Equity Financing”), pursuant to which we have issued and sold Common Stock in an equity financing at a per share conversion price which was equal to the lower of (i)(a) $53.54 million divided by (b) our capitalization immediately prior to such Equity Financing (such conversion price, the “SAFE Price”), and (ii) 80% of the price per share of our Common Stock sold in the Equity Financing. Thurman J. Rodgers is a trustee of the Purchaser, and he is the Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer.
On February 15, 2024, we entered into a second simple agreement for future equity (the “Second SAFE”) with the Purchaser in connection with the Purchaser investing $3.5 million in us. The Second SAFE was initially convertible into shares of our Common Stock upon the initial closing of an Equity Financing at a per share conversion price which was equal to the lower of (i) the SAFE Price, and (ii) 80% of the price per share of our Common Stock sold in the Equity Financing. Thurman J. Rodgers is a trustee of the Purchaser, and he is the Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer.
On April 21, 2024, we entered into an amendment to each of our First SAFE and Second SAFE with the Rodgers Massey Freedom and Free Markets Charitable Trust to convert the invested amounts into shares of our Common Stock. The conversion share price was $0.36, calculated as the product of (i) $0.45, the closing price of our Common Stock on April 19, 2024, multiplied by (ii) 80%. The First SAFE and Second SAFE converted into 4,166,667 and 9,722,222 shares of our Common Stock, respectively (collectively, the “Amendment Shares”); however, the Amendment Shares remain to be issued, the Amendment Shares are not included in the 65,781,061 shares of Common Stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting, and the Purchaser and its affiliates entitled to receive the Amendment Shares are not currently able to vote the Amendment Shares at the Annual Meeting.
On May 13, 2024, we entered into a further simple agreement for future equity (the “Rodgers Group SAFE”) with the Purchaser in connection with the Purchaser’s investment of $1,000,000. The Rodgers Group SAFE is convertible into shares of Common Stock upon the initial closing of a bona fide transaction or series of transactions with the principal purpose of raising capital, pursuant to which we issue and sell Common Stock in an equity financing at a per share conversion price which is equal to 50% of the price per share of Common Stock sold in the Equity Financing. If we consummate a change of control prior to the termination of the Rodgers Group SAFE, the Purchaser will be automatically entitled to receive a portion of the proceeds of such liquidity event equal to $1,000,000, subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the Rodgers Group SAFE. The Rodgers Group SAFE is convertible into a maximum of 2,750,000 shares of Common Stock, assuming a per share conversion price of $0.275, which is the product of (i) $0.55, the closing price of the Common Stock on May 13, 2024, multiplied by (ii) 50%. Thurman J. Rodgers is a trustee of the Purchaser, and he is the Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer.
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Exchange Agreement and Related Transactions
Exchange Agreement
On July 1, 2024, we entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with CRSEF Solis Holdings, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company (“Carlyle”), Kline Hill Partners Fund LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Kline Fund”), Kline Hill Partners IV SPV LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Kline Partners”) and Kline Hill Partners Opportunity IV SPV LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Kline Opportunity” and together with Kline Fund and Kline Partners, “Kline Hill”) providing for, among other things: the cancellation of all indebtedness owed to Carlyle and Kline Hill by the Company; termination of all debt instruments by and between the Company and Carlyle and by and between Kline Hill; the satisfaction of all obligations owed to Carlyle and Kline Hill by the Company under the terminated debt instruments; the issuance of convertible notes to Carlyle and Kline Hill (as further detailed below under “July 2024 Note Financing”); and the issuance of 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock to Kline Hill (as further discussed in the paragraph below). Kline Hill is a 5% holder of Complete Solaria’s capital stock.
Issuance of 1,500,000 Shares of Common Stock to Kline Hill
On July 1, 2024, we entered into the Purchase Agreements with Kline Hill. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreements, Kline Hill purchased an aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock in consideration for the cancellation of indebtedness owed to Kline Hill. Kline Hill is a 5% holder of Complete Solaria’s capital stock.
Designated Board Observer Agreements
In addition, in consideration for the entry of Carlyle and Kline Hill into the Exchange Agreement, on July 1, 2024, we entered into that certain Designated Board Observer Agreement with Carlyle Entity and Kline Partners, pursuant to which Kline Partners and Carlyle each have the right to designate a person to attend certain meetings of the Board in solely a non-voting, observer capacity. Each of Carlyle and Kline Hill is a 5% holder of Complete Solaria’s capital stock.
SCI Debt Restructuring
In October 2023, the Company entered into an Assignment Agreement whereby Structural Capital Investments III, LP (“SCI”) assigned the debt payable by the Company and its affiliates to SCI (the “SCI Debt”) to Kline Hill and Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust for a total purchase price of $5.0 million. The portion of the SCI Debt acquired by Kline Hill was cancelled as part of the Exchange Agreement. In connection with the Exchange Agreement, the principal amount of $3.5 million of the SCI Debt was exchanged for the July 2024 Notes (as defined below) issued to Kline Hill.
Certain Indebtedness Payable to the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust
The principal portion of the SCI Debt owing to the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust of $1.5 million (plus accrued interest) remained outstanding as of December 29, 2024 and is outstanding as of April 30, 2025. The outstanding amount, plus accrued interest, is due on demand to the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust. Thurman J. Rodgers is a trustee of the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust, and he is the Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer.
July 2024 Notes
On July 1, 2024, we entered into Note Purchase Agreements and the Exchange Agreement (together the “July 2024 Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which we issued to certain accredited investors and qualified institutional buyers approximately $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount in convertible promissory notes (the “July 2024 Notes”). The July 2024 Notes accrue interest at the rate of 12.0% annually, which will be payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on July 1, 2025. The July 2024 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the payment of the payment of the principal amount of such convertible note in full. Upon conversion of any convertible note, we will satisfy its conversion obligation by delivering shares of Common Stock and paying cash in respect of any fractional shares. The conversion rate for the convertible notes is initially equal to 595.2381 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount due under the convertible notes. The conversion rate shall be subject to adjustment from time to time pursuant to the terms of the convertible notes. The following table summarizes the participation in the July 2024 Note Financing by Complete Solaria’s holders of more than 5% of any class of Complete Solaria’s capital stock as of the date of such transactions:
| Name of Stockholder | Aggregate Purchase Price | |||
| Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust | $ | 18,000,000 | ||
| CRSEF Solis Holdings, L.L.C. | $ | 10,000,000 | ||
| Kline Hill Partners Opportunity IV SPV LLC | $ | 1,993,183 | ||
| Kline Hill Partners IV SPV LLC | $ | 1,993,183 | ||
| Kline Hill Partners Fund LP | $ | 3,986,365 | ||
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September 2024 Notes
On September 8, 2024, September 11, 2024 and September 22, 2024, we entered into note purchase agreements with certain accredited investors and qualified institutional buyers relating to the sale and issuance of $80.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 7.0% Convertible Notes due 2029 (the “September 2024 Notes”). The Company issued $4.0 million principal amount of the September 2024 Notes to the Rodgers Family and Free Markets Charitable Trust, and the Company issued $4.0 million principal amount of the September 2024 Notes to the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust. Thurman J. Rodgers is the Chief Executive Officer, a member of the Board of Directors, and trustee of each of the Rodgers Family and Free Markets Charitable Trust and the Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust. The Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust is a 5% holder of Complete Solaria’s capital stock. Additionally, the Company also issued $750,000 principal amount of the 7.0% Convertible Notes due 2029 to the Dan and Kathy McCranie 2000 Revocable Trust, for which J. Daniel McCranie serves as trustee. Mr. McCranie was appointed to serve as a director of the Company on January 24, 2025.
Interest on the September 2024 Notes accrues at a rate of 7.00% per year from September 16, 2024 and will be payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2025. On or after September 16, 2025, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders of the September 2024 Notes may convert all or any portion of their September 2024 Notes at any time, in integral multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder. Upon conversion, the Company may satisfy its conversion obligation by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, at the Company’s election, in the manner and subject to the terms, conditions and limitations provided in the Indenture. On December 18, 2024, at our annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders approved the issuance of shares of our common stock upon conversion of the September 2024 Notes in excess of the limitations otherwise applicable under the Indenture as a result of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d)(2). As a result of this stockholder approval, we will seek approval to amend the Indenture to enable the earlier conversion of the September 2024 Notes.
The conversion rate for the September 2024 Notes is initially 467.8363 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of September 2024 Notes. The conversion rate for the September 2024 Notes is subject to adjustment from time to time in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. In addition, upon a conversion of the September 2024 Notes after September 16, 2025, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date of the September 2024 Notes or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption in respect of the September 2024 Notes, the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate of the September 2024 Notes for a holder who elects to convert its September 2024 Notes following September 16, 2025, in connection with such a corporate event that occurs prior to the maturity date, or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption in respect of the September 2024 Notes.
Pegasus Solar
During 2024, Pegasus Solar entered into commercial agreements with Complete Solaria. Pegasus Solar designs and manufactures solar panel hardware and mounting systems that are purchased by Complete Solaria. Devin Whatley, a director, is the general partner of Ecosystem Integrity Fund, which holds an equity investment in Pegasus Solar. All agreements between Complete Solaria and Pegasus Solar were entered into in the ordinary course of business. Since January 1, 2024, we have paid Pegasus Solar approximately $235,422 for the products supplied by Pegasus Solar to Complete Solaria. Other than indirectly through Ecosystem Integrity Fund’s equity interest in Pegasus Solar, Mr. Whatley does not have a direct financial interest in our relationship with Pegasus Solar or our transactions with Pegasus Solar. Mr. Whatley was not involved in the negotiation of the commercial agreements between Complete Solaria and Pegasus Solar.
SameDay Solar
Complete Solaria previously entered into commercial agreements with SameDay Solar, a residential solar installer. William Anderson, a director and our former Chief Executive Officer, owns 60% of the equity securities of SameDay Solar, and he is Chief Executive Officer of SameDay Solar. All agreements between Complete Solaria and SameDay Solar previously were entered into in the ordinary course of business. Since January 1, 2024, we have paid SameDay Solar a total of approximately $1,065,833. Since January 1, 2024, Mr. Anderson has received approximately $15,000 of remuneration from SameDay Solar relating to its relationship with Complete Solaria. Given his equity ownership, Mr. Anderson also has a 60% interest in SameDay Solar’s profits and earnings.
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Employment Arrangements
Complete Solaria has entered into employment agreements with certain of its executive officers. For more information regarding these agreements with Complete Solaria’s named executive officers, see the section titled “Employment Arrangements with Named Executive Officers.”
Stock Option Grants to Directors and Executive Officers
Complete Solaria has granted stock options to certain of its directors and executive officers. For more information regarding the stock options and stock awards granted to Complete Solaria’s directors and named executive officers, see the section titled “Executive Compensation.”
Indemnification Agreements
Complete Solaria entered into new indemnification agreements with the directors and officers of Complete Solaria following the Business Combination.
Complete Solaria’s certificate of incorporation contains provisions limiting the liability of directors, and Complete Solaria’s amended and restated bylaws provide that Complete Solaria will indemnify each of its directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law. Complete Solaria’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws also provide the Board of Directors with discretion to indemnify Complete Solaria’s employees and other agents when determined appropriate by the Board of Directors.
Policies and Procedures for Related Person Transactions
The Board of Directors adopted a written related person transactions policy that sets forth Complete Solaria’s policies and procedures regarding the identification, review, consideration and oversight of “related person transactions.” For purposes of the Complete Solaria policy only, a “related person transaction” is a transaction, arrangement or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships) in which Complete Solaria or any of its subsidiaries are participants involving an amount that exceeds $120,000, including purchases of goods or services by or from the related person or entities in which the related person has a material interest, indebtedness and guarantees of indebtedness, subject to certain exceptions set forth in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.
Under the policy, the related person in question or, in the case of transactions with a holder of more than 5% of any class Complete Solaria’s voting securities, an officer with knowledge of a proposed transaction, must present information regarding the proposed related person transaction to Complete Solaria’s Audit Committee (or, where review by Complete Solaria’s Audit Committee would be inappropriate, to another independent body of the Board of Directors) for review. To identify related person transactions in advance, Complete Solaria will rely on information supplied by Complete Solaria’s executive officers, directors and certain significant stockholders. In considering a related person transaction, Complete Solaria’s Audit Committee will take into account the relevant available facts and circumstances, which may include, but are not limited to:
| ● | the risks, costs, and benefits to Complete Solaria; |
| ● | the impact on a director’s independence in the event the related person is a director, immediate family member of a director or an entity with which a director is affiliated; |
| ● | the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction; |
| ● | the purpose and terms of the transaction; |
| ● | management’s recommendation with respect to the proposed related person transaction; |
| ● | the availability of other sources for comparable services or products; and |
| ● | whether the transaction is on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in an arm’s length transaction. |
Complete Solaria’s Audit Committee will approve only those transactions that it determines are fair to us and in Complete Solaria’s best interests.
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ITEM 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed for professional audit services and other services rendered by BDO for fiscal year 2024. All of the services described in the following fee table were approved by the Audit Committee.
| Year Ended December 29, 2024 | Year Ended December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Audit Fees(1) | $ | 2,601 | $ | — | ||||
| Audit-Related Fees(2) | 4,621 | — | ||||||
| Tax Fees(3) | — | — | ||||||
| All Other Fees | — | — | ||||||
| Total Fees | $ | 7,222 | $ | — | ||||
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed for professional audit services and other services rendered by Deloitte for fiscal years 2024 and 2023. All of the services described in the following fee table were approved by the Audit Committee.
| Year Ended December 29, 2024 | Year Ended December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Audit Fees(1) | $ | — | $ | 1,440 | ||||
| Audit-Related Fees(2) | 142 | 400 | ||||||
| Tax Fees(3) | — | 147 | ||||||
| All Other Fees | 200 | — | ||||||
| Total Fees | $ | 342 | $ | 1,987 | ||||
| (1) | Audit Fees — This category includes the audit of our annual financial statements, the audit of our internal control over financial reporting, if applicable, the review of our financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and services that are normally provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with statutory audit and regulatory filings for those fiscal years. This category also includes advice on accounting matters that arose during, or as a result of, the audit or the review of interim financial statements. |
| (2) | Audit-Related Fees — This category generally consists of assurance and related services, such as due diligence related to acquisition, business combination and finance offering. |
| (3) | Tax Fees — This category consists of services for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning. |
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Our Audit Committee has procedures in place for the pre-approval of all audit services, audit-related services, tax services, and other services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm. Our Audit Committee generally pre-approves specified services in the defined categories of audit services, audit-related services and tax services up to specified amounts. Pre-approval may also be given as part of our Audit Committee’s approval of the scope of the engagement of the independent auditor or on an individual, explicit, case-by-case basis before the independent auditor is engaged to provide each service. The pre-approval of services may be delegated to one or more of the Audit Committee’s members, but the decision must be reported to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. The Audit Committee has determined that the rendering of services other than audit services by our independent registered public accounting firm is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant’s independence.
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Transition from Deloitte to BDO
On August 1, 2024, we notified Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) of its dismissal, effective as of the same day, as our independent registered public accounting firm. Deloitte served as our independent registered public accounting firm since the closing of the Business Combination. The decision to change the independent public accounting firm was approved by our Audit Committee.
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 and the subsequent interim period through July 31, 2024, there were no: (1) disagreements with Deloitte within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedures, which disagreements, if not resolved to Deloitte’s satisfaction, would have caused them to make reference in connection with their opinion to the subject matter of the disagreement, or (2) reportable events under Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions thereto, except with respect to the material weaknesses as described below and in Item 9A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023, we determined that material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting existed because (a) we did not have sufficient full-time accounting personnel, (i) to enable appropriate reviews over the financial close and reporting process, (ii) to allow for appropriate segregation of duties, and (iii) with the requisite experience and technical accounting knowledge to identify, review and resolve complex accounting issues under generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S., and (b) with respect to inventory controls related to the completeness, existence, and cut-off of the inventories held at third parties, and controls related to the calculation of adjustments to inventory for items considered excessive and obsolete. Additionally, we did not adequately design and/or implement controls related to conducting a formal risk assessment process.
The audit reports of Deloitte on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles, except that there was an explanatory paragraph describing conditions that raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern in Deloitte’s audit opinions dated April 6, 2023 and April 1, 2024.
We provided Deloitte with a copy of the auditor change disclosures prior to filing them with the Securities and Exchange Commission in our Current Report on Form 8-K on August 1, 2024 (the “Form 8-K”) and requested that Deloitte furnish a letter addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission stating whether or not it agreed with the statements made in the Form 8-K, as specified by Item 304(a)(3) of Regulation S-K. A copy of Deloitte’s letter dated August 1, 2024 was filed as Exhibit 16.1 to the Form 8-K.
On August 1, 2024, following the dismissal of Deloitte, the Audit Committee, after a competitive process to review the appointment of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, approved the engagement of BDO USA, P.C. (“BDO”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm.
During our fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 and through July 31, 2024, neither the Company, nor anyone on its behalf, consulted BDO regarding either: (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed; or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s financial statements; or (ii) any matter that was the subject of a “disagreement” (as that term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K) or “reportable event” (as that term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K).
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Transition from Marcum to Deloitte
On July 18, 2023, the Audit Committee of the Company’s board of directors approved the engagement of Deloitte as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2023. Deloitte previously served as the independent registered public accounting firm of Legacy Complete Solaria prior to the Business Combination. Accordingly, Marcum LLP (“Marcum”), FACT’s independent registered public accounting firm prior to the Business Combination, was informed that it would be replaced by Deloitte as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, following the filing of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023.
Marcum’s report of independent registered public accounting firm dated April 6, 2023 on the FACT balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, the related statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ deficit and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes to the financial statements did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainties, audit scope or accounting principles, except for an explanatory paragraph in such report regarding substantial doubt about FACT’s ability to continue as a going concern. FACT determined that a material weakness exists in its internal control over financial reporting related to the accounting for complex financial instruments, accrued expenses and accounts payable, and foreign exchange transactions.
During the period from December 23, 2020 (FACT’s inception) through December 31, 2022 and the subsequent interim period through March 31, 2023, there were no “disagreements” (as such term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K) with Marcum on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedures, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Marcum, would have caused Marcum to make reference thereto in its reports on FACT’s financial statements for such periods. During the period from December 23, 2020 (FACT’s inception) through December 31, 2022 and the subsequent interim period through March 31, 2023, there have been no “reportable events” (as such term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K).
During the period from December 23, 2020 (FACT’s inception) through December 31, 2022 and the subsequent interim period through March 31, 2023, (i) the Company did not both (a) consult with Deloitte as to the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and (b) receive a written report or oral advice that Deloitte concluded was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to such accounting, auditing, or financial reporting issue; and (ii) the Company did not consult Deloitte on any matter that was either the subject of a “disagreement” (as that term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions) or a “reportable event” (as that term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K).
The Company has provided Marcum with a copy of the disclosures made by the registrant in this Item 4.01 in response to Item 304(a) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act and requested that Marcum furnish the Company with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether it agrees with the statements made by the registrant in this Item 4.01 in response to Item 304(a) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act and, if not, stating the respects in which it does not agree. A letter from Marcum is attached hereto as Exhibit 16.1.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) The following are filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
| 1. | Financial Statements: See Index to consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
| 2. | Financial Statement Schedules: All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable or the required information is otherwise included. |
| 3. | Exhibits: The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated herein by reference, in each case as indicated below. |
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| * | Filed herewith |
| # | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement. |
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| COMPLETE SOLARIA, INC. | |||
| Dated: April 30, 2025 | By: | /s/ THURMAN J. RODGERS | |
| Name: | Thurman J. Rodgers | ||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Thurman J. Rodgers and Daniel Foley his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Thurman J. Rodgers | Chief Executive Officer and Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Thurman J. Rodgers | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Daniel Foley | Chief Financial Officer | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Daniel Foley | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Chris Lundell | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Chris Lundell | ||||
| /s/ Antonio R. Alvarez | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Antonio R. Alvarez | ||||
| /s/ Adam Gishen | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Adam Gishen | ||||
| /s/ Ronald Pasek | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Ronald Pasek | ||||
| /s/ Tidjane Thiam | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Tidjane Thiam | ||||
| /s/ Devin Whatley | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Devin Whatley | ||||
| /s/ William J. Anderson | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| William J. Anderson | ||||
| /s/ Lothar Meir | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| Lothar Meir | ||||
| /s/ J. Daniel McCranie | Director | April 30, 2025 | ||
| J. Daniel McCranie |
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