TOYO Co., Ltd (TOYO) October 2026 Capital Markets Day Transcript

Good morning everyone. If everyone could take their seats, I'd greatly appreciate it. And while you're doing so, I want to just give a quick safety announcement. So as a manufacturing facility and a manufacturer, Toyo takes safety very seriously. So throughout the day, please be aware of all of the safety practices on the floor if you're doing the tour or within this facility here as we're going through the presentations. If an alarm goes off at any point in time, we ask everybody to go to the immediate exit area, and if you cannot find it, there will be a Toyo employee with you at all times to make sure that you're directed in the right position. If you have any questions at any point in time, again, reach out to any of us. We're happy to answer your questions about safety and procedures. So good morning, and welcome to Toyo's Solar Analyst Day. I'm Ron Resch. I'm the Chief Strategy Officer of Toyo, and behalf of the entire leadership team, thank you for joining us here in Humble, Texas. And online, of course, for those who are watching us through the webcast. But for those who are here in person, we are pleased to welcome you to our new 2-gigawatt U.S. module manufacturing facility. This campus represents an important step in Toyo's growth and in our broader strategy to build a more secure and competitive solar supply chain in the United States. Today, we want to give you a clear understanding of that strategy, the progress we've made, and the work ahead. Before we begin, I need to cover our safe harbor statement. Today's presentation contains forward-looking statements, including statements about Toyo's strategy, expected growth, manufacturing plans, future production, capital requirements, regulatory developments, and other expectations about our business. These statements reflect management's current views as of today. They involve assumptions, risks, and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed. Please review the safe harbor language on this slide together with the risk factors and other disclosures in Toyo's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Toyo undertakes no obligation to update these statements except as required by law. We may also discuss non-GAAP financial measures, reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures appear in the appendix in today's presentation. Okay, got the business out of the way. All right, so here's the agenda for today. It's a fun one for sure. We are going to start off with our CEO, Takahiko Onozaku, and he is going to talk about the strategic direction and the market forces in the United States and our solar supply And then our CFO, Haradasan, will review our first half financial performance, go through the balance sheets, capital plans, including the funding approach for our proposed HJT facility. And then I'm going to come back up here and I'll go through some of the changing dynamics in the U.S. policy environment that affects solar. I'm going to talk a little bit about our U.S. supply chain strategy and the steps we're taking to expand manufacturing here in the United States. We're then going to cover solar manufacturing and specifically the quality of manufacturing, supply chain issues, and then we're going to talk a little bit about HJT technology. And for us, this is the long-term growth strategy. It's a technology play, but it's also a manufacturing play here in the United States. So we've reserved time at the end for questions, so we encourage you to use that discussion to explore the issues most important to your analysis of the company. So if you could, hold off on questions until the end. And then, of course, after this, we're going to have an open public event, which is a ribbon-cutting ceremony for the 2-Gigawatt facility, and that will begin at 11 a.m. Okay. Oops. So today's presentation brings together the central elements of Toyo's investment story. Our established global manufacturing base, our growing U.S. presence, our financial performance, and our plan to move further upstream into advanced solar technology. Leading that strategy is our chairman and chief executive officer, Takehiko Onozuka. Onozuka-san brings more than 40 years of experience in international finance, energy infrastructure, and decarbonization. Since becoming chairman and CEO in March, he has focused Toyo on disciplined growth, U.S. manufacturing, and the development of a secure, non-FIAC supply chain. Please join me in welcoming Toyo's chairman and CEO, Takahiko Onizuka.

Good morning everybody and welcome to Hamill, Texas. Thank you to everybody for traveling here today. In just a few minutes we'll cut the ribbon on our 2 gigawatt module facility. Our second module line is complete. Toyo now has 2GW of module capacity right here in Houston. Think about how quickly this has moved in September 2025. We acquired the V-Sun brand which opened more doors in the U.S. market. A month later, our first Houston module line began operating. Today, a second line is finished and we are not stopping at the modules here in Hanbo. We are planning a 357 million HJT cell facility. Design work is complete and we are now applying for permits. We expect pilot production in the first quarter of 2028. So why Hanbo and why now? To answer that let me first tell you who Toyo is. Toyo is a company with a global footprint. Our headquarter are in Tokyo. We are listed on NASDAQ, and our factory stretched from Hausa, Ethiopia, to Vietnam, and now to Texas. Our core strength is solar cell. A cell is the heart of the solar panel and making it well-taken real know-how, the recipe, the equipment, and the engineering who learn it every day. We have built 6 gigawatts of cell-fast capacity, 4 gigawatts in Ethiopia, 2 gigawatts in Vietnam. We care just as much about how we build. We are creating a non-FIAQ supply chain. FIAQ stands for Foreign Entity of Concern. Our customers want products they can trust, so we track our materials patch by patch. And we care about quality. In August, Intertech, an independent auditor, reviewed our Houston module factory. Their audit found no major or no critical issues. On first half result, so this approach is working, Mr. Harada will take you through them in a few minutes. Let me explain the opportunity within the United States. Demand for supply, demand for solar is steady. About 43 gigawatts are installed in the U.S. every year. and expect similar levels through 2030 fast. On the supply side, the U.S. has done building modules. It has about 75 gigawatts of module capacity. This is more than the market needs each year. But look further up the supply chain. Cell capacity today is only about 3 gigawatts with more than 30 gigawatts in the development. Wafer capacity is only about 5 gigawatts, and that is the tightest point in the chain. Think of solar supply chain as a chain, literally. America has a strong last-link module, but the middle-link wafer and cell are thin. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. This is a gap we want to fill it. We have the experience to help. We have designed, built, ramped up the facility across the two countries. We know how difficult it is, and we know how to do it. In HANBU, we will use HJT technologies. HJT stands for heterojunction. Picture a sandwich, a silicon wafer in the middle, with ultrathine layers on both sides. The result is higher efficiency and strong performance in hot weather. It also leaves rooms to add perovskite on the top in the future, which is our path to even higher efficiency. the past the path is still in development step by step plan is clear module today HAT cells starting in 2028 and over long term we want to help fit the upstream gaps including wafers this is a long term vision not a commitment and it depends on securing financing. Our theme for today is simple. Manufacturing in Texas empowering the future. We mean it. We bring Japanese ownership, global sale experience, and a clean supply chain to the American market. Thank you. Now, Mr. Harada will walk you through the numbers.

Thank you, Onozuka-san. Good morning, everyone. I'd like to tell you the financial story of the first half and three chapters. Just a moment, please. Then first, how we grew. Second, how we strengthened our balance sheet. And third, how we plan to pay for what comes next. So chapter one, growth. Revenue for the first half was $261.0 million, that is up to 87.6 from last year. In other words, revenue nearly doubled. Behind that number are our factories. We deliver 2.61 gigawatts of sales and 191.85 megawatts of module in just six months. Gross profit was $84.7 million, a gross margin of 32.5%. GAAP net income was 45.8 million U.S. dollars, and the first half of the last year, it was 2.5 million U.S. dollars. That is more than 18 times higher. Adjusted net income was 46.0 million U.S. dollars. This is a non-GAAP measure and the reconciliation in the appendix. Diluted earnings per share were 1.20 U.S. dollars. A year ago, they were 0.08 U.S. dollars. Next slide is strengths. Chapter 2, strengths. Cash at June 30th was US$103.5 million. At the end of last year, it was US$51.6 million. So cash has doubled, including restricted cash. The total is US$123.4 million. US dollars. Shareholders' equity nearly doubled from 111.3 million US dollars to 209.8 million US dollars. Total asset grew to 537.6 million US dollars. Total liabilities were actually a little lower at US$327.8 million. So, we grew without adding to our liabilities. There is another important change. Current assets are now US$272.2 million, higher than current liability of 242.4 million U.S. dollars. At the end, it was the other way around 171.8 million U.S. dollars of asset against the 295.7 million U.S. dollars of liabilities. Our operation produced cash. Operating cash flow was 61.4 million U.S. dollars up from 40.0 million U.S. dollars. In the slide 15, capital raised. In the first half, we raised about US$52.6 million in the net process. In June, a registered direct offering where the institutional investors raised US$50 million before cost, or about US$47.1 million after cost. Our at-market program added about US$5.5 million after cost through June 30th. we are putting this capital to work on hourly spending for the HAT facility and general corporate needs so next slide how we spend on HAT the plan for AMBO the total plan investment in HAT facility is $357 million spending for into 5 parts design, procurement, civil construction, MEP, which means mechanical, electrical, and plumbing, and finally, installation of a process of equipment. We pay contractors by milestone, so payment for progress. The largest payment as for the process equipment, most of that is due after the production line is commissioned, and it is paid over several years. This matter, the heaviest cash outflow comes when the factory is starting to produce. Now, the timeline. Design is complete. We are applying for permits under approval now. After the permits are obtained, we plan to begin civil construction, MEP construction for while civil work is in progress. Equipment installation comes after MEP is complete. We target lump up and pilot production in the first quarter of 2028. this timeline may change next slide is a how we plan to pay how do we plan to pay for it we expect three sources first as a section 45x this is a United States tax credit that laborers companies for manufacturing solar products in America. Second, debt financing. Third, operating cash flow and other non-dilutive financing options for the balance. The expected amounts are shown on the slide. Please take a look. The expected amounts as shown on the slide, together the three sources cover the planned investment of about US$357 million. I want to be clear, this is a provisional plan. These are preliminary estimates, not commitments. The debt financing is in the planning stage, and no definitive documentation has been signed yet. So, to summarize, we grew revenue nearly 88%. We turned that into real profit and real cash. our balance sheet is stronger and our plan for humble is staged with payment that follow progress next Ron will discuss United States trade policy an important topic for our business here thank you Ron, please welcome hey everybody, I'm back

I get the chance to talk about policy which although it usually ends up being a little bit boring in the solar industry it ends up being a fairly significant part of what's driving both the demand and the supply in the United States today and what I want to do very sequentially is to go through a number of specific policies and give you kind of Toyo's perspective as to how we're working through the policies how they're benefiting our growth how we're addressing some of these issues because they're concerns that people have raised to us directly about some of the policies as analysts, but also I want you to understand strategically how we're approaching this because we're taking a very thoughtful, I would say coordinated approach towards addressing policy in general, but then also to look in a larger context with respect to supply chain and providing what we consider really a de-risked product to our customers in the long run. So you're going to see how all of these pieces fit together. So I'm going to start off by talking about the 232 program, kind of the elephant in the room, so to speak. Then I want to talk about circumvention and specifically the case in Ethiopia. Then we're going to talk about CBP detentions. We've had some detentions. I want to talk very openly about that. And then we're going to talk a little bit about designing the supply chain specifically for our customers, as I mentioned. So a lot of these slides have a lot of information in them, and I apologize, but we'll make sure you have copies of them and you can look at the information in detail later and certainly, obviously, reach out to me and the rest of the team with respect to providing you with more complete answers. But the 232 program was enacted in August of this year, as many of you know, and it was really designed as a program intentionally to protect U.S. polysilicon manufacture. And so the 232 program established a minimum import price for a number of different products, for polysilicon, for wafers, for cells, and for modules. Then it created also an incentive program in order to encourage on-shoring of manufacturing. So when you think about the 230 program as a structure, it's not just intended to protect U.S. polysilicon. It really is almost industrial policy, right? It's intended to onshore manufacturing of ingots and wafers and of cells, and then certainly to encourage greater use of U.S. polysilicon. We've seen the Department of Commerce from the beginning obviously engage and move this program forward with great speed and great clarity. And just a couple of weeks ago, actually on September 22nd, they put forth a plan to talk about enforcement. And specifically to ensure that people aren't going to cheat on this program, right? That people aren't going to stockpile between now and when the program actually kicks in on December 4th. And so there have been 20 companies who have registered as importers of record, who've started to bring in significant volumes that CBP has already dinged, already identified that these are problems, that you are bringing in a much greater volume than you ever have in the past, and that's unacceptable into this 232 program. So from the beginning, again, commerce is taking this very seriously. CBP, obviously, is a very sophisticated organization, is a big part of what the enforcement is going to be for the 232 program, and we've already seen that take effect. The piece that we're, I think, probably most interested in as Toyo, and when you step back and think about what we are doing as a company, and Harada-san talked about expanding manufacturing into HJT and how we're going to build that here, is the offset program. And so the 232 program created an offset program that encourages companies like Toyo to look at how are you going to finance your expansion in the United States. We have a manufacturing facility in Ethiopia. It's a four gigawatt Topcon cell manufacturing facility. We bring those cells into the United States. Ensuring that that source of revenue continues to come into the U.S. is critical for us in order to finance and build the expansion of an HJT plant here or even other projects. So we have sat down with Commerce and said very specifically, here are some of the things that we would like you to consider from an offset program in order to help companies like us finance these projects. And so we have, at this point, sat down with them and kind of gave them, I would say, a very general perspective of what we're doing in the sense of what the offsets might look like. And then we've sat down and laid out a very specific plan of what we're planning to do in the next four years. I think what we're still trying to do with commerce is to get more guidance with respect to what that offset program is going to look like. And they're developing that right now. But in the long run, what we plan to do is to have a term sheet with the Department of Commerce that lays out specifically what we will be doing and what we'll be building between now and January 20th of 2029. And so that term sheet draft has been presented to the staff. We've received some feedback, and we're continuing to, let's just say, discuss back and forth what that looks like. But a big part of our long-term plan is U.S. polysilicon. And you're going to hear this over and over over the course of today. And in the proclamation, the president's executive order, it states that there's going to be some extra benefit for using U.S. polysilicon, but there's no definition there. So sitting down with the Department of Commerce and saying very specifically, hey, we want to support U.S. polysilicon manufacturers, here's what an offset might look like. They're open to these ideas. We're having engaged discussions with them, and we're very encouraged as to where they're moving forward in recognizing the importance of U.S. polysilicon in the United States. I think the takeaway here is there's going to be very aggressive enforcement. We've heard that directly from the undersecretary. In fact, Undersecretary Kessler, Jeff Kessler, will be here this morning at about 11, 11.15, and he'll be giving us some remarks about the 232 program specifically, and then he'll be taking a tour of the facility. He's excited about what Toyo is doing. He's excited that we're bringing manufacturing. He's excited that we're bringing not just a commodity product, but we're bringing HJT to the United States and advancing technology here in the U.S. So let me jump to the next item, and that is the circumvention issue. So circumvention is a policy, or it's a trade case, an ADCVD case, that goes all the way back to 2012, where the initial first trade cases from the United States were against China and products that were manufactured in China. What subsequently happened was manufacturers in China, after the decision to apply tariffs occurred, they moved their factories to Taiwan. And then there was a Solar II, which was a trade case against Taiwan. Then factories were moved to Southeast Asia. Then Solar III, another trade case. And so these are called circumvention, where you're basically circumventing the original tariffs against China by moving your factory to someplace else. And so there's been a number of circumvention cases in Southeast Asia, in India, now in Ethiopia, etc. And I think the point here is really to look at what is commerce trying to understand and and the specific issue for circumvention is that are made with Chinese wafers going to be subject to the tariffs and specific already commerce has drawn the line and said if you're using a Chinese wafer you're going to be considered the original cases of Solar One. And so the key comes down really to the Department of Commerce's definition where they're drawing the line, and that's where the wafer was produced. In 2023, in the case in Southeast Asia, Commerce came back and said very specifically that wafers made outside of China are not treated as Chinese wafers. If you're using Chinese polysilicon, you're exempted from this circumvention case if you're using non-Chinese wafers. So they've already made that determination back in 2023. Now let's take a look a little bit at Toyo and what our supply chain looks like. You can see here we are non-Chinese polysilicon. We get 100% of our polysilicon is non-Chinese. Right now in Ethiopia, 70% comes from the United States. We use no Chinese wafers. All of our wafers come from Indonesia. And in the future, as planned, We expect them to come from the United States. And then our cells are manufactured in Ethiopia. And what I want to point out here, which is really different from a lot of companies, is it's a full manufacturing cycle for the cell. So we take basically a raw, full conversion into a cell at that facility in Ethiopia. It's very sophisticated. The PN junction is created in Ethiopia, which defines the country of origin with respect to where the cell is made. and so from a company perspective no Chinese polysilicon no Chinese wafers full cell is being produced in Ethiopia we think that we are clean with respect to the circumvention case and so we've gone to the Department of Commerce and said hey in the same way that you submitted a letter a clarification in 2023 in Southeast Asia we'd like for you to do the same thing actually in in in Ethiopia and so again commerce has acted on this before they've been very clear if you're not using a Chinese wafer you're going to be exempt and what we heard last Thursday when we met with the Department of Commerce was that hey listen we understand you guys are under some commercial pressures right anytime there's a circumvention case that creates uncertainty we don't intend to allow there to be uncertainty if there's a clear distinction that we can make and so they were very clear in saying we're going to look at this, we're going to get the team together, we're going to discuss it, and if we can issue a clarification, great. And also that there's a certification process you could also be considering as a mechanism in order to move forward quicker, in order to address the uncertainty. And so what we're really looking for, again, is a pathway where commerce comes out quickly and says, and this is what our requested letter is, if you're using U.S. polysilicon and a non-Chinese wafer, you should be exempt from the circumvention case in Ethiopia. That is our supply chain. We're not looking for an exemption for Toyo specifically. We're looking for a ruling by commerce overall as to how they'll treat all companies in Ethiopia. And I want to jump a little bit to the CBP detentions. And before I go into this, I want to introduce you guys to somebody who's a really important member of the Toyo team. I've been just incredibly impressed by the work that she's done and the leadership she's provided to not only us, but ultimately to the future of where we're going as a company and hopefully the solar industry overall, and that's Anna Hinojosa. Anna is the former executive director of the Trade and Remedy Law Enforcement. Anna, if you could stand up. Please give Anna a round of applause. And Ana has brought just an incredible level of professionalism and expertise to both help us understand and improve our reporting and our transparency, but really take us to the next level as a company with respect to imports, reporting, traceability, et cetera. So what I want to show on this slide is, and let me just talk a little bit about what's happened. So we've had some detentions. We've had four cell shipments detained as they've come into the United States. Those detentions are kind of, I'd say, almost the normal part of the process. CBP routinely reviews solar imports under the UFLPA, so the Uyghur Forced Labor Protection Act, as well as other trade laws. And then a detention really is kind of the beginning where they initiate what's called an admissibility review. So it's basically, hey, we want to have a conversation. We're stopping these orders. We don't understand where they come from. And so for our detention specifically, they said, we want to go upstream. We want to see where the polysilicon is coming from. And again, as I mentioned, we use 30% OCI. We use 70% from an American manufacturer. and so we're like these are not Chinese manufacturers and so we we then submitted well the first thing we did was to say okay let's understand more so we had a meeting a zoom call with 10 different members of CBP it was from their electronic CE group and really to provide an overview of the company and just more transparency into our manufacturing process and then certainly our supply chain and ultimately our reporting so during this meeting we actually invited CBP to come to this facility and to learn more about our facility and actually see it in operation, which was great. What we then did is we submitted all of the documentation to CBP that they requested. And it's a formal process. Companies do this all the time, but you want to make sure you get it right. And what's really interesting about this, just to kind of give you a sense of the level of detail that they're looking at, which is great, and we collect it all, but it obviously has to be collected and reported, is they not only want to know kind of where the polysilicon was manufactured, they want to go upstream. They want to know the exact mine that the quartzite was mined from, specifically, and where it was mined from, and then how it was transported in a truck. They want license plate pictures of that truck. They want to show every single record of how it leaves the mine and how it eventually comes to our facility and is converted into solar cells. So it's a very complete audit process. I mean, the good news is we collect all that information, but it's a lengthy process that you have to go through. So we submitted all of that information. We actually had CBP come out. I think I've got, yep, there's a picture. There's the CBP team right down the hall here when they came and they visited, which was fantastic. It was a chance for them, again, to spend about six hours with us going through in great detail all of the information that we're collecting, what our process is, and then ultimately to understand and ask additional questions that we didn't answer. What we're trying to do here is establish a relationship, right? We're not trying to hide anything. We're not trying to, you know, smooth things over. Instead, this is a long-term relationship between Toyo and CBP and overall to make sure that we, as a company, are being, I would say, reporting in advance, really making sure that they're feel comfortable with all of the information that ultimately we're delivering. One of the things that, and so the bottom line is, this back and forth has been really helpful for us. I think it's improved our reporting processes. We've always had the information. We're much more structured now to do so. We've provided everything to CBP, and we hope that we will hear from them sometime in the next week or two. We'll have to see. But more importantly, what we've done is really engaged in a very constructive dialogue with them, which is important. But we don't want to stop there. And I think one of the, again, leadership elements that Ana has brought to us is to say, hey, we want to be best in class, right? We want to be world class as a company, not just responding in the basic minimum amounts. And so we are undertaking the process of becoming CTPAT certified. and CTPAT stands for Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism and effectively what it does it's a fairly rigorous process I think we would say this morning 65 different elements that we need to employ some of which we're already well on top of but 65 different one pieces that we go through and then ultimately we get certified for but once you achieve that CTPAT certification you become a trusted trader you get this designation as a trusted trader and so basically you get shifted to a low-risk profile in their targeting system. It's a presumption of good faith, if you will, at that point. You're in the front of the line as a priority for any issues that come up. You're ultimately treated as somebody who is doing the right thing, and if issues come up, they're going to have a constructive dialogue with you. There's an identified designated government employee who will coordinate directly with the company, so a lot of benefits in the long run so you know from Toyo's perspective yeah we had some CBP detentions yes they're you know they're disruptive they create some uncertainty but I think we as a company have done a very professional job in establishing that relationship with with customs and border protection providing them all of the information making sure they understand our company's operations we've invited them to Ethiopia hopefully they'll come to Ethiopia and see the facility there because it is very impressive. But ultimately, we're going to take it to the next level and become CTPAT certified as a way to just, I think, really show leadership, both as a company, but also within the industry overall. And we're going to look into this. I don't have the number for you, but I don't think there's too many CTPAT solar manufacturers registered at this point in time. We'll hopefully be one of the first. And again, encouraging everyone else to do so as well. So what I want to talk a little bit about now, those are kind of the major policy issues. But of course, you can't talk about solar without talking about the tax code. And, you know, we talk about energy policy driving, you know, decisions for people to use different sources. The truth is, it's the tax code that ultimately drives increased demand for solar energy. And so one of the things that I think we have really focused on as a company which is strategic and very distinct in this in this industry is to de-risk our supply chain in support of our customers right it's to really make sure that they understand what our supply chain looks like and as they're evaluating you know fiac guidance in the tax credit if they're looking at domestic content provisions in the tax code, that they understand very specifically what we're doing on Uyghur Force Labor Protection Act, what we're doing on FIAC and PFE issues, and that we're providing them with a very clear understanding of what their options are with our products in order to really build their projects with the maximum use of the tax credits that exist. So, you know, again, very basically on this slide. Obviously, as I mentioned, we have 70 percent U.S. polysilicon. We want to ramp that up to 100 percent in the future. Our ingots and wafers right now come from Indonesia. We expect those to be primarily U.S. in the near future. We have six gigawatts of operating capacity today, two gigawatts in Vietnam, which actually do not come into the United States because of the ADCVD case against vietnam and four gigawatts in ethiopia that does come in to the united states and of course we're adding to that with an additional one and a half gigawatts of hjt which i'll talk a little bit more about in a few minutes and then of course we have module manufacturing here in the united states so i'm going to show you a couple of slides that are a little bit hard to read um but but what the intention here is to really show you um that we are providing solutions to our customers to help them make decisions about how they're going to be financing and moving forward with their projects so what you see on this slide is is one two and three right on the left hand side we have basically kind of the sourcing configuration which is focused on non-fiac so we're non-fiac right across the board as a company we're non-fiac we really minimize any of our exposure to fiat we have no licensing agreements there's nothing in our dna if you will that would would trigger a fiat concern and so using u.s poly silicon non-chinese wafer ethiopian cell and a houston module here really allows a company to have a comfortable feeling about toyo that we are going to be fully compliant with all of the fiat issues and it allows them to start to make decisions. But now we're also looking at optimizing the U.S. content. And I'll show you in the next slide why that's important. But that's U.S. polysilicon with a qualifying wafer, either from another company or in the future from ours, and then, of course, a Houston module. This allows the companies to have a higher U.S. manufactured content. And, again, I'll show you why they are concerned about that or why it's important to that in the future. And then, ultimately, where we're going as a company is a fully integrated U.S. manufacturing, okay? So that is U.S. polysilicon, U.S. wafer, U.S. HJT cell, and a Houston module. This is unique, okay, for a company to really be offering a fully integrated manufacturing capacity. We're not going to manufacture the U.S. polysilicon. We're going to buy it from other manufacturers, but for sure we're looking at all other options in order to, again, provide a solution to our customers in the long run that allow them to de-risk the supply chain. So, this slide is a little bit, again, looks a lot like the other one, but it actually has a little bit more information here with respect to the tax credit outcome. So, look to the far right, and you look at really what the customer is looking for, okay? Right off the bat, they're looking for protection on the investment tax credit or the production tax credit. And this is about eligibility. And so, this really ends up being non-PFE sourcing. And we can show our customers very clearly that there is no FIAC connection, that we have a very clean supply chain, and that they, as they're putting together their projects, are going to be eligible for the tax credits in order to meet the, it's a 40% this year, 45% next year, thresholds for FIAC containment within the project development. It's kind of the big thing. The second piece, U.S. manufacturing leverage, this really is the 10% adder. I know I'm getting into tax credit weeds, but I see Phil Shen over there, and he loves this stuff, and he's doing the math right now on his phone. So this is why it's important. The domestic adder gives you an extra 10% on your total project costs, right? So if your project costs, I don't know, a buck a watt, you're talking about a tax credit that's worth $0.10 a watt. It's significant if you can meet that 50% manufactured product threshold for, in this case, 2026. And so, you know, clearly what we are providing to our customer is, as much as possible, that manufactured in the U.S. component so they can do their calculations in order to get that extra 10%. The third is really what we provide as a manufacturing company is to allow our customers to adjust a little bit of what their components are in the modules we're producing for them in order to meet that threshold that they need to meet. So, for example, we can adjust where the glass is manufactured, we can adjust where the aluminum framing is manufactured, etc., in order to keep the price lower for our modules, but still allow our customers to maximize the benefit of either domestic content or the tax code overall. It's not a bespoke product per se, but it allows flexibility in order for companies to get the product that really allows them to finance, ultimately, in the long run, what their projects demand. Okay, so I know there's a lot of questions about policy, but we're going to get to those at the end. So if I could, I'm going to keep moving here just so we can keep us on time. I want to talk a little bit about manufacturing quality and operational excellence. And so our facility here is really, I think, representative of Toyo, broadly speaking, and how we as a company, as a Japanese company, really focus on manufacturing excellence. We have an ability as a company to execute in a way that most of the other U.S. manufacturers are still trying to figure out, in large part because we have manufactured and do manufacture around the world, right? We have manufacturing in Vietnam. We have manufacturing in Ethiopia. We've brought that manufacturing expertise to the United States, and that shows. And so this facility here, we are constantly trying to make sure we're improving and we're really at the best levels of performance. We've had independent third-party factory audits. It was conducted by Intertech CEA. Paul Wormser is actually here from Intertech. He'll be speaking a little later. Great to see you, Paul. Thank you, and thank you for, you know, holding our feet to the fire and making sure that Toyo is doing everything right. And it's really important, right, to get that kind of feedback and obviously to make improvements where necessary. And CEA gave us a top-tier rating. It's an A+. Everybody can remember that from school, which we're very proud of. There were definitely, there's always things to improve, but, you know, ultimately getting an A-plus meant a lot, And that was just something that was done and published back in the beginning of August. So we feel very good as a company that we're moving, that we're in the right direction, and we want to continue to advance and be a leader with respect to quality manufacturing. And you can see our factory and product certifications at the bottom. The Humboldt facility is interesting. Oops. Okay, this is another slide. So this basically talks a little bit about our scalable of manufacturing. So obviously world class. This facility here is, and you'll see it in a little bit, and it's really fun. It's a 2 gigawatt facility. It's 567,000 square feet. We employ 600 people at the moment over three shifts, and it really is what we consider advanced manufacturing, one of the more sophisticated manufacturing facilities certainly in the United States today. so let me jump ahead to technology and I think what's important as we talk about technology is is to say okay Roan you know you guys are putting together modules here that's great you're gonna do some HJT great where does that really lead you in the future what's your vision for what you're trying to achieve and and for a company what we're looking at is is not just the next technology from a solar perspective. But we really want to make sure we're bringing technological advancement here to the United States. I've worked in this industry for over 20 years, and one of my biggest, I guess, regrets was that so much of the technology was developed here in the U.S., but then manufactured overseas. And so by building manufacturing here, we have a chance not only to manufacture the most advanced solar cells and solar modules that are available, but also to bring technology leadership from Japan, from around the world, to the U.S. And so we're also, we'll be building an R&D facility here to continue to push the envelope, if you will, on technology. So I want to talk a little bit about HJT, because it's really, it's important that people understand the difference, right? Heterojunction technology actually was invented in Japan. It was commercialized by Sanyo and Panasonic 20 years ago, Paul? 25? A while ago. Super advanced technology, but what HJT does, so the current, let's say, most produced, highest efficiency cells today are Topcon. Topcon's a great product overall, but when you look at HJT, it has higher efficiency. So it's about 25% plus with respect to the levels of efficiency that you get out of a solar cell. and the reason why you use a crystalline silicon layer and then you have a very thin amorphous layer on both sides but what that does is it creates the ability it has a much larger band gap in solar right so crystalline silicon has a very narrow band gap which is focused on the red light conversion and so what happens with a solar cell like a topcon cell sunlight hits it the red light is converted to electricity, but the blue light actually turns into heat. It's not converting that blue light to electricity. And so that band gap for, in this case, Topcon is lower. When you add an amorphous layer, the amorphous layer actually is focused, it's got a much higher band gap level, so it's focused on the blue light. Okay, so now if you combine crystal and silicon with an amorphous layer, you're capturing both the red light and the blue light. So a couple things happen, one of which is you're converting more of the photons to electrons, but you're also reducing the heat, right? That blue light isn't turning into heat, and so the HJT cells are not overheating. And if you think about a solar cell, it's a semiconductor. And what do you do when you have a semiconductor in a computer? You put a fan right next to it, right? Because as soon as it starts overheating, it loses its efficiency. And so in this case, an HJT cell has advantages because it doesn't overheat. So you end up having superior temperature coefficient, meaning you can put it in very hot climates, like southwest Texas, and it won't overheat, and it won't start to deteriorate. It has better bifaciality. So in typical solar panels today, you've got glass on both sides, they sit there like this and the reflected light actually generates electricity on the other underside. And so you also have with an HJT cell lower degradation. So all of these are performance metrics that make HJT superior to what TopCon is today. But looking forward, I think the greatest opportunity for HJT is really how do we add a tandem layer? How do we add perovskites to what we had on the market today in order to increase efficiency. And so when we talk about when we talk about HJT today at about 25 percent efficiency and Topcon around 23 percent efficiency, well you also have CadTel down here on a good day 19 percent efficient. But when you take an HJT cell and add perovskites, now you're bumping up to 33 percent efficient, 34 percent efficient. Okay, this is a step change with respect to solar technology. And every single person you talk to, every researcher says, yeah, we're going to put perovskites on HJT. We're not going to put it on TopCon. You can, but you just won't get that same type of performance level that you do when you have that amorphous layer. And then once we actually do that, and we're at 34% efficient, you're talking about double the efficiency of a cad tell cell or cad tell module, which of course is the majority of of utility scale today. So our customers are really the ones who are saying what's next bring us there we want HJT today because of its performance and its efficiency but we also want it in the future because what it can provide in the long run with respect to much higher manufacture much higher output for our facilities. There's a couple of other reasons why efficiency wins with respect to manufacturing. I won't get into them they're obviously you know pretty straightforward, but ultimately what you're doing for each solar panel, you're generating a lot more watts than you would otherwise, right? So it's just more efficient manufacturing. It's lower cost of materials. For those who are using the panels in the field, it means less trackers, means less wiring, less equipment, less balance of systems. So ultimately it saves our customers money simply because of the efficiency gains. Okay, the last couple of slides I just want to talk a little bit about and we've already done a pretty good job talking about the expansion at this facility but when you walk around today and you get a tour make sure you ask a lot of questions and make sure you know you understand kind of that in this facility here not only will we have two gigawatts of module manufacturing but we're also going to have a very sophisticated cell line in under the same roof which is very unique with respect to solar manufacturing if you guys have been to different facilities around the country around the world you'll know that most often you have a self facility which is a clean room type of manufacturing in one area in one building and then maybe 20 miles away you have a module assembly plant this is all going to be done in the same house which i think is absolutely fantastic and it's going to add an additional 400 jobs here in Humboldt. I mentioned R&D. We have a fantastic team at Toyo who really specialize in leading research for solar cell technology. Here's our CTO, Dr. Wang, on the far right, and then also Dr. Zhao. These two award-winning researchers have really, I think, focused us to be not only advanced on our cell design but advanced in our manufacturing so in order for us to be even more efficient and more successful in lowering our cost for manufacturing. But one of the things that really each JT and perovskite starts to do is it opens up new markets that people haven't considered yet and this is a slide that talks about space solar and if you think about it every satellite that's been sent into space since 1950 has had a solar cell on it. Every single one, right? And the reason why is because you have unlimited sun available. And as we start to look at different applications in space, specifically data centers in space, the need for solar becomes even greater than it has been previously. Nobody's going to put a nuclear reactor in space. They're going to talk about it, but it's going to take decades before that ever happens. Instead, every single data center that goes up in space is going to be solar power. And so the question is, how do you do that? Here are a couple of different options of the solar cells that are available today or in the near future that shows both their efficiency, basically their radio resistance, so how stable it is in a space environment, and then the potential cost for manufacturing them. So the typical solar application or solar cell used in space applications today is a triple junction solar cell that ends up being really built for space applications, and it's very expensive. And so you're talking about $150 to $170 per watt to produce those cells. Perk silicon, you can put it up in space, but it's heavy, and so the payload of getting it to space is going to be complicated. And you're only going to achieve about a 17% efficiency. HJT silicon, you're going to get to 20%. Again, in space applications, you get lower efficiency due to a number of different reasons. But basically, you could put HJT up there, but you're not really optimizing the performance. But when you get to HJT plus perovskites, like I mentioned before, now you're talking about the perfect solution. You're talking about a solar cell that's, one, very light. So the payload of taking it to space is minimal. They're flexible, so you can create a different type of structure with respect to your solar panel rather than sending up glass and aluminum. And then it's also extremely stable. So you're looking at a 31.4% efficiency for the space application of HJT plus perovskites. And you're looking at a cost of about $0.40 per watt. So again, compare that to a gallium arsenide cell of $150 a watt, and you're talking about $0.40 a watt. there's a very clear winner as to what the solar technology is going to be in space, and it's HJT and perovskites. So as we start thinking about, okay, where's Toyo going, we're going to continue to push the envelope from a technology perspective. Building on HJT, we're going to obviously work on perovskites. We're looking at new market opportunities like this that really, I think, open up the concept of what we can do and how flexible, you know, our production facility here can apply to to other markets broadly speaking okay so I want to talk a little bit about where we're going today this is this is the exciting vision piece that I really want to make sure everybody kind of understands and this is I think really important because we spend a lot of time thinking strategically where do we want to go obviously sitting down with the Department of Commerce and saying here's where we plan to go and making sure that we have both the vision and the way of financing it. So this is our path towards U.S. vertical integration today. 100% U.S. polysilicon. Today, as I mentioned, our wafers are Southeast Asia. We're going to move them to the U.S. Our solar cells, Ethiopia, Vietnam, as well as here in the near future, and of course our modules manufactured here. But going forward, and again, this is a vision piece. We're not making any public announcements or statements that anybody should write about other than to say that, you know, Toyo's got a big vision. They're going in the right direction. They're thinking about this the right way. And what Onizuka-san showed in his slide before was that there is a massive shortage of U.S. produced wafers in the future. There's a couple companies that made some announcements, but nobody's really ever done it in a meaningful way other than Corning and Qcells at this point. And so as a company, what we're looking at is not just one and a half gigawatts of HJT, we're going to expand that very quickly to three gigawatts of HJT. And we're going to go beyond that. We have a vision as a company of eight gigawatts here in the United States. But we're also looking at going fully upstream. We want to make sure that we are producing these products in the United States with a supply chain like polysilicon manufactured in the United States. And so we want to manufacture ingots and wafers here in the U.S. Today, available, there's just a couple of gigawatts. We're not producing anything today, but we plan to have six gigawatts of manufacturing capacity in the United States. Again, this is our vision of where we'd like to go. We're not making an announcement. There's definitely a lot of challenges to it, but we have some strong experience working with our partner in Indonesia when we help them stand up their ingot and wafer facility, and we're excited about bringing that technology here to the United States. So I'll just leave you kind of, and before we get into questions and I'll ask Onizuka-san and Harada-san to come up, I'll just leave you with kind of this thought. We are a U.S. manufacturer. We're Japanese-headquartered, we're NASDAQ-listed, but we're a U.S. manufacturer. We are on-shoring our production to ensure that our supply chain is U.S., to ensure that we are manufacturing as much of the components as possible We're doing it to de-risk our products for our customers, but we're also giving them the advanced technology that they're looking for. So as a company, we're not just coming to maximize the tax code and use 45X to put together a module assembly plant. We're here for the long run. Toyo is going to be a leader in the solar industry in the United States. We're going to be a major manufacturer, and we're going to bring the solution to the U.S. supply chain that hasn't existed before. So with that, I'd like to invite Harada-san and Onizuka-san, if you could, come back up, and we'll open up the floor to questions. Thank you. So as you have questions, just raise your hand. Do we have a microphone we can pass around to the people in the audience? Okay, if you could, just identify yourself and your company. No, no, I'll let you do it. Yeah, come on up. I was just giving them basic instructions about where people were coming up.

So we also have the ability for those of you who are joining us online to ask questions, assuming this technology works. So I'll be looking out for those questions, but we'll start with first people who are in the room. But if you're online and you have a question, feel free to submit it and we'll get to you. So first question is from Phil Shen.

Hi, Toyo team. Thanks for the great presentation. Wanted to check in with you first on the 232. That's very topical. And specifically, you talked about the offset program. There's a lot of names for this, maybe the on-shoring program or the tariff rebate program. So I was wondering if you could give us your latest sense as to whether or not you expect to be approved for the tariff rebate program or on-shoring program. Sounds like yes, but was wondering if you could share any color on timing, and we published recently that it sounds like Commerce might be releasing that set of guidelines in October. If you have any thoughts on that, that would be great. That's question one. We'll take one at a time. So, Ron, you take the first question.

No surprise. It is the elephant in the room, but it's also probably the most exciting opportunity. This, as I mentioned, is industrial policy. The administration really wants people to build in the United States. So, the Department of Commerce, in every conversation we've had, basically said, tell us what you need. You know, what is it going to help you, that big vision that you have for whatever, $2 billion, let's say. you know, how are you going to finance that? What type of offsets make sense? What type of structures make sense? And so we have presented to commerce our term sheet. It's basically a bunch of ideas on the offsets, but also laying out specifically what we plan to do from a manufacturing perspective. The feedback has been extremely positive with respect to anything that would be considered sell, ingots, or wafers, right? That is the focus that they want to see manufacturing in. And then hopefully that will drive more demand for U.S. polysilicon, and the U.S. polysilicon manufacturers will expand production in the United States as well. But more importantly, their focus on commerce for the on-shoring slash offset program is ingots and wafers. With respect, and sales. With respect to timing, you're right. Trevor and the team are still putting together the guidance. They hope to have it out at the end of September. It probably goes until the middle or late October. but they're having conversations with companies right you know they're they're still there that's going to be the structure for submitting your term sheet is the term that they're using um but ultimately um it's going to be an individual company by company type of negotiation very similar to the pharmaceutical industry and so you know some of the big questions end up being um is it capex uh is it opex um you know as you're starting to look at offsets um you know how much is going to be volume based on megawatts versus dollars so there's a lot of kind of topics that they're discussing but they're also getting feedback from companies directly so what does that mean for us specifically it's impossible to tell you exactly when we're going to have you know an agreement you know december 4th right is probably you know a pretty good number to throw out there because that's when it really gets implemented but a lot of these agreements probably won't happen until after december 4th so don't you know hold anybody hold it against anybody if they're not done by December 4th, it just means they're having further discussions or maybe commerce is still working through some of the details specifically of what those offsets will look like. So, any other parts to that question, Phil? I think that's great.

Question number two. Another question here, as it relates to your recent press release, you announced $240 million of, I think, signed agreements with new customers. With the 232 signing, we've seen, i think module pricing go up a lot uh wanted to see if you could give us a little more color on that press release as well as how much pricing has actually moved uh for the different types of modules that are out there you know we've published that we think pricing has moved up 10 to 20 cents depending on the type of products but can you comment on what you're seeing in the marketplace yeah sure um so uh obviously we're not going to talk pricing um uh specifically on those contracts because they're private, but you're exactly right.

What we're seeing across the industry is an increase in pricing, depending, again, on what the components and the makeup are. If it's a pure U.S. module, it's obviously getting a price premium compared to those that are using inputs. Clearly, we're bringing Ethiopian cells in to manufacture our modules, so it's not a purely U.S. product. What I will say about that announcement is really it's just the beginning. I think a lot of people were concerned out of the 232 that demand would drop, that because pricing was going up, that PPA pricing wasn't going to justify a higher module price. We've not seen that at all, Phil. And, in fact, demand is really strong. So while some companies probably are experiencing that, we have not seen that for Toyo specifically. And I would imagine there will be a number of other announcements for those types of agreements again in the future.

Okay. One more. this is for Harada-san as it relates to the financing you talked about for the humble I learned yesterday the correct pronunciation is humble instead of humble oh really humble yeah that's a local humble anyway so Harada-san for the cell facility here you're looking to raise 360 million dollars 120 million from the 45X, 120 from bank loans. Can you talk to us about the bank loan process? Have you started it? I think the underwriting might be challenging in the sense that the banks likely only give you credit for the existing 45X and the existing ITC. They're not going to count on or give you any extension credit, even though that's what there's a lot of talk about these days. So anyway, the point is, can you talk to us about the underwriting process for the $120 million? Do you expect it to be smooth? Are you fully committed for the $120 million for the banks?

Maybe just to clarify before he answers, we did not say it would be bank loans. We said it would be debt. So I think you need to think more broadly. And then number two, we did not say we're going to raise $357 million. We said that's the total anticipated CapEx plus additional working capital. And we already did raise, as you know, $55 million earlier.

Then, just this moment, very preliminary discussion, we have the financial institution in Japan, in the United States, but so, you know, they're very early stage discussion. But so some financial institution has an interest in this project finance to this HAT facility. And we are doing effort to reach the conclusion with the financial institution for debt financing.

Anyone else have a question?

Oh, maybe I can jump in.

Can we bring the microphone? Oh, Chris, you got it.

Chris Dendrinos with RBC. I guess maybe just to start, I think early on in the presentation it was mentioned that the timeline could potentially change for that first, the HJT facility from 1Q2028. Can you just talk about the process for getting that facility going? What are the gating factors and sort of what types of things are we waiting on right now?

So HJT is pretty sophisticated manufacturing, right? We have the equipment already contracted. And we have a sight line for when that would come to the United States and be installed. But to build a facility like HJT, there are a number of permits that are different than having a module facility, right? We need more power, we need more water, you've got different gases and so air handling and fire code issues with HJT than you do with certainly with module manufacturing. So we're going through the permitting process now. It's hard to tell how long the permitting process takes. We've had great progress so far. Texas is certainly a business-friendly, manufacturing-friendly state. But I think the statement that we're making is it's hard to predict. There's always uncertainty when you're talking about dealing with local and state governments. There's no question there. On the financing side, Phil, you raised a good point about 45X. Obviously, that market is a little bit stalled at the moment. And so, you know, does that free up? Does it not free up? If it frees up, great. If it doesn't, there's other financing mechanisms that are, of course, considered. And a big part of also what we're looking at as a company is a larger financing approach to what our vision is, instead of just knocking off one project here and there. And so we're very much involved in having conversations as part of the U.S.-Japan Investment Fund. And specifically, it's called the U.S.-American Investment Accelerator. It's now a fund of Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, but we're specifically looking at the Japanese. And so now you're talking about a longer process, perhaps, for financing, but one that provides a lot of benefit if we can be included in that package. So those are the kinds of things that maybe slow it down a little bit, but don't cancel the project. They just maybe slow it down. I guess maybe just as a follow-up here, I think you all talked about HJT, tandem perovskite technology. where are we at in the evolution of that and and when do you think it'll be i guess call it commercial ready thanks so perovskites um we are we are in partnerships with a couple of different companies or at least discussing uh partnerships with a couple of different companies who are perovskite manufacturers some that have commercial production today um but the truth is that's probably still a couple of three years away for real commercial perovskite production um what we anticipate is that we would initially be selling them cells to get familiar with HJT, to have their first products come out on our cells, but ultimately that we would be a manufacturer of HJT and perovskite modules themselves. I think you'll see the first ones in probably two and a half to three years, is my expectation. The stability of perovskites has improved dramatically. One of the benefits of the space application is you don't have oxygen, you don't have moisture, and so any of the degradation elements that are found on Earth aren't found in space. And so perovskites are much, much more stable. And so you may end up seeing a space application before you see a terrestrial application, ironically.

Great. You had a question, too? Can we bring a microphone over?

Thank you. Good morning, guys. Just, you mentioned you are anticipating some type of update from the CBP in the next one or two weeks. Is that related to the four cell shipments or some other topic?

That's related to the shipments of Ethiopian cells into the U.S.

Ana, do you want to provide some insight? Since we have you here.

Sure. Sure. We have a very good relationship with CBP, as you can imagine. I did check with them as recent as yesterday. I know that they've been meeting, taking in all of the information that we've submitted, and we are very optimistic that the resolution of the detentions is a day to a week away. so we're very optimistic about that and more to come on that again fingers crossed between 24 hours and hopefully on the back end just a few days forward looking statement we have no control over the US government thank you Anna any other questions so I actually don't

we have a lot of listeners online but I don't see any questions online So I think with that, we're going to wrap up Analyst Day, and let's have a big round of applause for all of our presenters.

Thank you, Crocker. We're going to take a break for about 10 minutes or so. So if you want to use the restroom, easiest way to get to the restroom is, right? I see Curtis pointing this way. So if you want to use the restroom, it's follow Curtis. And then we'll have about 40 minutes, 45 minutes or so, where we do a ribbon cutting ceremony here and then we'll do two separate tours right after the ribbon cutting. So make sure you stay for the tour because it really is fantastic. And then we're going to come back and we'll have barbecue, Texas barbecue for lunch. So we want to make sure everybody has a nice meal and has a chance to really network and get to know other people in the room, talk to the Toyo employees. We'll have a number of people both from the line as well as within the office who will be available to just chat so you can learn a little bit more about the company and the culture of what we're building. So thanks, everybody. Enjoyed that little break.