Take Two Interactive Software Inc 10-Q for FY2027 Q1
Take Two Interactive Software Inc (TTWO)
10-Q
2026-08-07
For: 2026-06-30
View Original
Added on
August 07, 2026
About this 10-Q
Take Two Interactive Software Inc filed this 10-Q on August 7, 2026, covering the quarter ended June 30, 2026 (FY2027 Q1).
Headline figures
Quarter ended June 30, 2026, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $1.53B
- up 2.0% from $1.5B a year earlier
- Net loss
- $34.1M
- compared with a net loss of $11.9M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- -$0.18
- compared with -$0.07 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026
| OR | |||||
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
| For the transition period from to . | |||||
Commission file number 001-34003
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
| (Zip Code) | |||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | |||||||||||
Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (646 ) 536-2842
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ý | Accelerated filer | o | Non-accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company | |||||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý
As of July 27, 2026, there were 186,980,443 shares of the Registrant's Common Stock outstanding, net of treasury stock.
INDEX
(All other items in this report are inapplicable)
1
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except per share amounts)
See accompanying Notes.
| June 30, 2026 | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | ||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $ | ||||||||||||||
| Software development costs and licenses | ||||||||||||||
| Contract assets | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | ||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||||||||
| Fixed assets, net | ||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | ||||||||||||||
| Software development costs and licenses, net of current portion | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||||||||
| Other intangibles, net | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term restricted cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt, net | ||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt, net | ||||||||||||||
| Non-current deferred revenue | ||||||||||||||
| Non-current lease liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Non-current software development royalties | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities, net | ||||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | ||||||||||||||
Common stock, $ | ||||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost; | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
2
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share amounts)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Game | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling and marketing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other, net: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income/(expense), net | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other, net | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit from income taxes | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted loss per share | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes.
3
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME (Unaudited)
(in millions)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive (loss) income | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes.
4
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(in millions)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Operating activities: | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization and impairment of software development costs and licenses | ||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||||||||
| Noncash lease expense | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization and impairment of intangibles | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||||||||
| Software development costs and licenses | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses, other current and other non-current assets | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Investing activities: | ||||||||||||||
| Change in bank-time deposits | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of fixed assets | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of long-term investments | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Asset acquisitions | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of marketable securities | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Financing activities: | ||||||||||||||
| Tax payment related to net share settlements on restricted stock awards | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | ||||||||||||||
| Repayment of debt | ( | |||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||||||||
| Effects of foreign currency exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents | ( | |||||||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents | ( | |||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year (1) | ||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period (1) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
(1) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents shown on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow includes amounts in the Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash and cash equivalents, and Long-term restricted cash and cash equivalents on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
5
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Unaudited)
(in millions)
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Treasury Stock | Retained Earnings/(Accumulated Deficit) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Total Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and cancellations | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net share settlement of restricted stock awards | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee share purchase plan settlement | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other changes, net | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2026 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Treasury Stock | Retained Earnings/(Accumulated Deficit) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Total Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and cancellations | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net share settlement of restricted stock awards | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee share purchase plan settlement | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other changes, net | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes.
6
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share amounts)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. (the "Company," "we," "us," or similar pronouns) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1993. We are a leading developer, publisher, and marketer of interactive entertainment for consumers around the globe. We develop, operate, and publish products principally through Rockstar Games, 2K, and Zynga. Our products are currently designed for console gaming systems, mobile, including smartphones and tablets, and personal computer ("PC"). We deliver our products through physical retail, digital download, online platforms, and cloud streaming services.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and, in our opinion, reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Interim results may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full fiscal year. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. As permitted under U.S. GAAP, interim accounting for certain expenses, including income taxes, is based on full year assumptions when appropriate. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates, which may affect economic conditions in a number of different ways and result in uncertainty and risk.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), although we believe that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with our annual Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Government Grants
In December 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities. The ASU establishes the accounting and presentation for government grants received by a business entity. ASU 2025-10 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2028 (April 1, 2029 for the Company) and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2029 (April 1, 2030 for the Company). We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.
Internal-Use Software
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The ASU amends the existing standard to remove all references to prescriptive and sequential software development project stages. Under this guidance, eligible software development costs will begin capitalization when management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. In evaluating whether it is probable the project will be completed, management is required to consider whether there is significant uncertainty associated with the development activities of the software.
ASU 2025-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 (April 1, 2028 for the Company) and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. Entities may adopt the guidance using a prospective, retrospective, or modified retrospective approach. We are currently
7
evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures, including the appropriate transition method.
Expense Disaggregation Disclosures
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires additional, disaggregated disclosure about certain income statement expense line items. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 (April 1, 2027 for the Company) and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 (April 1, 2028 for the Company). We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.
2. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Disaggregation of Revenue
Timing of recognition
Net revenue recognized at a point in time is primarily comprised of the portion of revenue from software products that is recognized when the customer takes control of the product (i.e. upon delivery of the software product).
Net revenue recognized over time is primarily comprised of revenue from our software products that include game related services, separate virtual currency transactions, and in-game purchases, which are recognized over an estimated service period. Net revenue recognized over time also includes in-game advertising, which is recognized over a contractual term.
Net revenue by timing of recognition was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue recognized: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Over time | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Point in time | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenue | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Recurrent consumer spending ("RCS") is generated from ongoing consumer engagement and includes revenue from virtual currency, add-on content, in-game purchases, and in-game advertising.
Full game and other revenue primarily includes the initial sale of full game software products, which may include offline and/or significant game related services.
Net revenue by content was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue by content: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recurrent consumer spending | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full game and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenue | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
8
Platform
Net revenue by platform was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue by platform: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mobile | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Console | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PC and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenue | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Channel
Our products are delivered through digital online services (digital download, online platforms, and cloud streaming) and physical retail and other. Net revenue by distribution channel was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue by distribution channel: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Digital online | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical retail and other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenue | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Revenue
We record deferred revenue when payments are due or received in advance of the fulfillment of our associated performance obligations. The balance of deferred revenue, including current and non-current balances as of June 30, 2026 and March 31, 2026 were $1,014.5 and $1,189.6 , respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, the additions to our deferred revenue balance were primarily due to cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying our performance obligations, while the reductions to our deferred revenue balance were primarily due to the recognition of revenue upon fulfillment of our performance obligations, both of which were in the ordinary course of business.
During the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, $615.7 and $533.2 , of revenue was recognized, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each respective period.
As of June 30, 2026, the aggregate amount of contract revenue allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations is $1,271.2 , which includes our deferred revenue balances and amounts to be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. We expect to recognize approximately $1,061.6 of this balance as revenue over the next 12 months, and the remainder thereafter. This balance does not include an estimate for variable consideration arising from sales-based royalty license revenue in excess of the contractual minimum guarantee.
As of June 30, 2026 and March 31, 2026, our contract asset balances were $69.7 and $89.7 , respectively.
Accounts Receivable sale program
On May 19, 2025, we entered into an arrangement to sell designated pools of high credit quality accounts receivable under an uncommitted accounts receivables purchase facility in an initial aggregate amount of up to $215.0 to an unaffiliated financial institution on a true sale basis. As these accounts receivable are sold without recourse, we do not retain the associated risks of lack of payment due to insolvency of the account debtors following the transfer of such accounts receivable to such financial institution. We will continue to collect cash from our account debtors and remit to the financial institution. We will derecognize the carrying value of the financial assets transferred and recognize a net gain or loss on the sale under Interest and other, net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The proceeds from these arrangements will be reflected as cash provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
No receivables were sold under this facility during the three months ended June 30, 2026. We may utilize this facility in future periods depending on cash flow needs and market conditions.
9
3. MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
We have a management agreement (the "2022 Management Agreement") with ZMC Advisors, L.P. (“ZMC”), which became effective May 23, 2022 and replaced our previous management agreement. Pursuant to the 2022 Management Agreement, ZMC will continue to provide financial and management consulting services to the Company through March 31, 2029, Strauss Zelnick continues to serve as Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Karl Slatoff continues to serve as President of the Company. The 2022 Management Agreement provides for an annual management fee of $3.3 for the term of the agreement and a maximum annual bonus opportunity of $13.2 for the term of the agreement, based on the Company achieving certain performance thresholds. In connection with the 2022 Management Agreement, we have granted and expect to grant time-based, market-based, and performance-based restricted units to ZMC.
In consideration for ZMC's services, we recorded consulting expense within General and administrative expenses on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations of $2.5 and $2.6 during the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. We recorded stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to ZMC, which is also included in General and administrative expenses, of $15.9 and $14.7 during the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
In connection with the 2022 Management Agreement, we granted restricted stock units (in thousands) to ZMC as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Time-based | |||||||||||
Market-based(1) | |||||||||||
Performance-based(1) | |||||||||||
| Total Restricted Stock Units | |||||||||||
(1) Represents the maximum of shares eligible to vest
Time-based restricted stock units granted pursuant to the 2022 Management Agreement in fiscal year 2027 will vest on June 1, 2027, June 1, 2028, and June 1, 2029, and those granted in fiscal year 2026, partially vested on June 1, 2026 and will also vest in part on June 1, 2027 and June 1, 2028. Time-based restricted stock units granted in fiscal year 2025, partially vested on June 1, 2025 and June 1, 2026 and will also vest in part on June 1, 2027.
Market-based restricted stock units granted pursuant to the 2022 Management Agreement in fiscal year 2027 are eligible to vest on June 1, 2029, those granted in fiscal year 2026 are eligible to vest on June 1, 2028, and those granted in fiscal year 2025 are eligible to vest on June 1, 2027. Market-based restricted stock units are eligible to vest based on the Company's Total Shareholder Return (as defined in the relevant grant agreement) relative to the Total Shareholder Return (as defined in the relevant grant agreement) of the companies that constitute the NASDAQ 100 index under the 2022 Management Agreement (as defined in the relevant grant agreement) as of the grant date measured over a three-year period, as applicable. To earn the target number of market-based restricted stock units (which represents 50 % of the number of the market-based restricted stock units set forth in the table above), the Company must perform at the 50 th percentile, with the maximum number of market-based restricted stock units earned if the Company performs at the 75 th percentile.
Performance-based restricted stock units granted pursuant to the 2022 Management Agreement in fiscal year 2027 are eligible to vest on June 1, 2029, those granted in fiscal year 2026 are eligible to vest on June 1, 2028, and those granted in fiscal year 2025 are eligible to vest on June 1, 2027. The performance-based restricted stock units are tied to "RCS" (as defined in the relevant grant agreement) and are eligible to vest based on the Company's achievement of certain performance metrics (as defined in the relevant grant agreement) of "RCS" measured over a three-year period. The target number of performance-based restricted stock units that may be earned pursuant to these grants is equal to 50 % of the grant amounts set forth in the above table (the numbers in the table represent the maximum number of performance-based restricted stock units that may be earned). At the end of each reporting period, we assess the probability of each performance metric and upon determination that certain thresholds are probable, we record expense for the unvested portion of the shares of performance-based restricted stock units.
The unvested portions of time-based, market-based and performance-based restricted stock units held by ZMC were 1.1 and 1.3 as of June 30, 2026 and March 31, 2026, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2026, 0.4 restricted stock units previously granted to ZMC vested, and 0.1 restricted stock units were forfeited by ZMC.
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4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Recurring fair value measurements
The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, approximate fair value because of their short maturities.
We follow a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of "observable inputs" and minimize the use of "unobservable inputs." The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The table below segregates all assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (which is measured at least annually) into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date.
| June 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (level 1) | Significant other observable inputs (level 2) | Significant unobservable inputs (level 3) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank-time deposits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank-time deposits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank-time deposits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents, long term: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt, net: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (level 1) | Significant other observable inputs (level 2) | Significant unobservable inputs (level 3) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank-time deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank-time deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank-time deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents, long term: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt, net: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible notes | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
We did not have any transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements, nor did we have any transfers into or out of Level 3 during the three months ended June 30, 2026.
Nonrecurring fair value measurements
We hold equity investments in certain unconsolidated entities without a readily determinable fair value. These strategic investments represent less than a 20% ownership interest in each of the privately-held affiliates, and we do not maintain significant influence over or control of the entities. We have elected the practical expedient in Topic 321, Investments-Equity Securities, to measure these investments at cost less any impairment, adjusted for observable price changes, if any. Based on these considerations, we estimate that the carrying value of the acquired shares represents the fair value of the investment. At June 30, 2026, and March 31, 2026, we held $18.5 and $18.5 , respectively, of such investments in Other assets within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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5. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
Our Short-term investments consisted of the following:
| June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost or Amortized Cost | Gains | Losses | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank-time deposits | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Short-term investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost or Amortized Cost | Gains | Losses | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank-time deposits | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Short-term investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the contracted maturities of our short-term investments at June 30, 2026:
| June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | |||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | ||||||||||||||
| Due in 1 year or less | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Total Short-term investments | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
6. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
Our risk management strategy includes the use of derivative financial instruments to reduce the volatility associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates on earnings, cash flows, and certain balance sheet amounts. We do not enter into derivative financial contracts for speculative or trading purposes. We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and we measure those instruments at fair value. We classify cash flows from derivative transactions as cash flows from operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Foreign currency forward contracts
The following table shows the gross notional amounts of foreign currency forward contracts:
| June 30, 2026 | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||
| Forward contracts to sell foreign currencies | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Forward contracts to purchase foreign currencies | ||||||||||||||
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7. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COSTS AND LICENSES
Details of our capitalized software development costs and licenses were as follows:
| June 30, 2026 | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | Non-current | Current | Non-current | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Software development costs, internally developed | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Software development costs, externally developed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Software development costs and licenses | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:
| June 30, 2026 | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||
| Software development royalties | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | ||||||||||||||
| Licenses | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing and promotions | ||||||||||||||
| Tax payable | ||||||||||||||
| Refund liability | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred acquisition payments | ||||||||||||||
| Interest payable | ||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
9. DEBT
The components of Long-term debt, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet were as follows:
| Annual Interest Rate | Maturity Date | June 30, 2026 | Fair Value (Level 2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 Notes | March 28, 2028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2029 Notes | June 12, 2029 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2032 Notes | April 14, 2032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2034 Notes | June 12, 2034 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unamortized discount and issuance cost | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt, net | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Annual Interest Rate | Maturity Date | March 31, 2026 | Fair Value (Level 2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 Notes | April 14, 2027 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 Notes | March 28, 2028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2029 Notes | June 12, 2029 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2032 Notes | April 14, 2032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2034 Notes | June 12, 2034 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unamortized discount and issuance cost | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt, net | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The components of Short-term debt, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet were as follows:
| Annual Interest Rate | Maturity Date | June 30, 2026 | Fair Value (Level 2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 Notes | April 14, 2027 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Convertible Notes | December 15, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unamortized discount and issuance cost | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt, net | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Annual Interest Rate | Maturity Date | March 31, 2026 | Fair Value (Level 2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Convertible Notes | December 15, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unamortized discount and issuance cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt, net | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The interest expense as it relates to our debt is recorded within Interest and other, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2029 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2032 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2034 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table outlines the aggregate amount of maturities of our borrowings, as of June 30, 2026:
| Fiscal Year Ending March 31, | Maturities | |||||||
| 2027 (remaining) | $ | |||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||
| 2030 | ||||||||
| 2031 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Fair value adjustments | ||||||||
| Total face value | $ | |||||||
15
For a complete description of the terms, conditions, and covenants governing our Senior Notes, Credit Agreement and Convertible Notes, refer to Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026.
Senior Notes
The Senior Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank equally with all of our other existing and future unsubordinated obligations. Interest is payable semi-annually. During the three months ended June 30, 2026, we made interest payments of $37.6 .
During the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, we recognized $0.9 and $1.3 , respectively, of amortization of debt issuance costs and $0.1 and $0.1 , respectively, of amortization of the original issuance discount, within Interest and other, net.
On March 28, 2026, we repaid our 2026 Notes with a principal amount of $550.0 , with proceeds from our May 2025 equity issuance.
On April 14, 2025, we repaid our 2025 Notes with a principal amount of $600.0 , with proceeds from our June 2024 note offering.
Credit Agreement
Our credit agreement dated as of May 23, 2022, (as amended on May 19, 2025, the "2022 Credit Agreement"), provides a $1,000.0 unsecured five-year revolving credit facility that matures on May 19, 2030, subject to certain extension options.
Loans under the 2022 Credit Agreement will bear interest at a rate of (a) 0.000 % to 0.625 % above an alternate base rate (6.75 % at June 30, 2026) or (b) 1.000 % to 1.625 % above Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), approximately 3.65 % at June 30, 2026, which rates are determined by the Company's credit rating.
As of June 30, 2026, there were no borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement, and we had approximately $997.5 available for additional borrowings.
Information related to availability on our 2022 Credit Agreement for each period was as follows:
| June 30, 2026 | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||
| Available borrowings | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding letters of credit | ||||||||||||||
Convertible Notes
In conjunction with the acquisition of Zynga on May 23, 2022, we assumed Zynga's outstanding 0.25 % Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Convertible Notes”) and 0.00 % Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Convertible Notes” and, together with the 2024 Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”). We have elected to account for these Convertible Notes, which are considered derivatives, using the fair value option (Level 2) under ASC 825, as the Convertible Notes were initially recognized at fair value under the acquisition method of accounting in connection with the acquisition of Zynga and we do not expect significant fluctuations in fair value through maturity. Any subsequent adjustments are recorded within Interest and other, net.
2026 Convertible Notes. The 2026 Convertible Notes mature on December 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased in accordance with their terms, prior to the maturity date. The 2026 Convertible Notes do not bear regular interest, and the principal amount does not accrete. An aggregate principal amount of $29.4 of the 2026 Convertible Notes remained outstanding at June 30, 2026. We recorded $30.7 as the fair value of the remaining outstanding 2026 Convertible Notes, within Short-term debt, net, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2026. During the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, we recognized a loss of $0.7 and a loss of $2.6 , respectively, within Interest and other, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
16
10. LOSS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Computation of Basic and diluted loss per share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding—basic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted loss per share | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
We incurred a net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025; therefore, the diluted weighted average shares outstanding excludes the effect of unvested common stock equivalents because their effect would be antidilutive.
For the three months ended June 30, 2026, we had 1.5 potentially dilutive shares from share-based awards and 0.1 of shares from Convertible Notes that are excluded due to the net loss for the period.
During the three months ended June 30, 2026, 1.4 restricted stock awards vested, we granted 1.9 unvested restricted stock awards, and 0.1 unvested restricted stock awards were forfeited.
11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
We have entered into various agreements in the ordinary course of business that require substantial cash commitments over the next several years. Other than agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business and in addition to the agreements requiring known cash commitments as reported in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, we did not have any significant changes to our commitments since March 31, 2026.
Legal and Other Proceedings
We are, or may become, subject to demands and claims (including intellectual property and employment related claims) and are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of business which we do not believe to be material to our business or financial condition or results of operations. We have appropriately accrued amounts related to certain of these claims and legal and other proceedings. While it is reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred in excess of the amounts accrued in our financial statements, we believe that such losses, unless otherwise disclosed, would not be material.
12. INCOME TAXES
The benefit from income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2026 is based on our projected annual effective tax rate for fiscal year 2027, adjusted for specific items that are required to be recognized in the period in which they are incurred. The benefit from income taxes was $15.2 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the benefit from income taxes of $1.9 for the prior year period.
When compared to the statutory rate of 21%, the effective tax rate of 30.8 % for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was primarily driven by tax benefits of $16.9 related to geographic mix of earnings and changes in reserves.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBB") was signed into law. OBBB includes significant provisions, including but not limited to (1) permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("TCJA"), (2) modifications to the international provisions relating to Base Erosion Anti Abuse Act ("BEAT"), Global Intangible Low-Tax Income ("GILTI") and Foreign Derived Deduction Eligible Income ("FDDEI"), (3) permanent reinstatement deduction for domestic research expenditures and 100% bonus depreciation for certain qualified property, and (4) modifications to tax credits. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 and others implemented in future periods. We have estimated the accounting for income tax effects of OBBB in our projected annual effective tax rate. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of OBBB on the Company. It is possible that these changes could have an adverse impact on our effective tax rate, tax payments, financial condition, or results of operations. The tax law is complex and additional interpretive guidance may be issued that could affect the interpretations and assumptions we have made, as well as actions we may take as a result of OBBB.
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Inflation Reduction Act”) includes a corporate alternative minimum tax ("CAMT") of 15% on the adjusted financial statement income ("AFSI") of corporations with an average AFSI exceeding $1.0 billion over a consecutive three-year period. It is possible that the CAMT could result in an additional tax liability over the regular federal corporate tax liability in a particular year based on differences between book and taxable income. We do not estimate any tax liability relating to CAMT for the current fiscal year. We will continue to evaluate the potential impact the Inflation Reduction Act may have on our operations and Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods.
17
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") has proposed a global minimum tax of 15% of reported profits, referred to as Pillar Two. Many countries have already implemented or are taking steps to implement Pillar Two. Although the model rules provide a framework for applying the minimum tax, countries may enact Pillar Two slightly differently than the model rules and on different timelines. Pillar Two could result in additional tax liability over the regular corporate tax liability in a particular jurisdiction to the extent tax expense is less than a 15% minimum rate. The impact of Pillar Two was not material to the three months ended June 30, 2026. On January 5, 2026, the OECD released new administrative guidance outlining a “side-by-side” arrangement following agreement on key elements by the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Pillar Two. It provides new safe harbors for U.S. multinational companies which would exempt U.S.-parented groups from two of the three Pillar Two top up taxes, extend the current Transitional Country-by-Country Reporting Safe Harbor by one year through the end of fiscal year ending March 31, 2028, and make the Simplified Effective Tax Rate Safe Harbor permanent. We will continue to evaluate the impact Pillar Two and any additional guidance may have on our results and operations.
We are regularly examined by domestic and foreign taxing authorities. Examinations may result in tax assessments in excess of amounts claimed and the payment of additional taxes. We believe our tax positions comply with applicable tax law, and that we have adequately provided for reasonably foreseeable tax assessments. It is possible that settlement of audits or the expiration of the statute of limitations may have an impact on our effective tax rate in future periods.
13. SEGMENT REPORTING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
We have one
Geography
We attribute net revenue to geographic regions based on software product destination. Net revenue by geographic region was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue recognized: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenue | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
18
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The statements contained herein, which are not historical facts, including statements relating to Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.'s ("Take-Two," the "Company," "we," "us," or similar pronouns) outlook, are considered forward-looking statements under federal securities laws and may be identified by words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "potential," "predicts," "projects," "seeks," "should," "will," or words of similar meaning and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the outlook for our future business and financial performance. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs of our management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to them, which are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may vary materially from these forward-looking statements based on a variety of risks and uncertainties including risks relating to the timely release and significant market acceptance of our games; the risks of conducting business internationally, including as a result of unforeseen geopolitical events; the impact of changes in interest rates by the Federal Reserve and other central banks, including on our short-term investment portfolio; the impact of inflation; volatility in foreign currency exchange rates; our dependence on key management and product development personnel; our dependence on our NBA 2K and Grand Theft Auto products and our ability to develop other hit titles; our ability to leverage opportunities on PlayStation®5 and Xbox Series X|S; factors affecting our mobile business, such as player acquisition costs; the ability to maintain acceptable pricing levels on our games; and other risks included herein; as well as, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" included in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026; and our other periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All forward-looking statements are qualified by these cautionary statements and speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is provided in addition to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes to assist readers in understanding our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the MD&A and our annual Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026. All figures are in millions, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted.
Overview
Our Business
We are a leading developer, publisher, and marketer of interactive entertainment for consumers around the globe. We develop, operate, and publish products principally through Rockstar Games, 2K, and Zynga. Our products are currently designed for console gaming systems, mobile, including smartphones and tablets, and personal computer ("PC"). We deliver our products through physical retail, digital download, online platforms, and cloud streaming services.
Our strategy is to create hit entertainment experiences, delivered on every platform relevant to our audience through a variety of sound business models. Our pillars - creativity, innovation, and efficiency - guide us as we strive to create the highest quality, most captivating experiences for our consumers. We believe that our player-first approach and commitment to creativity and innovation are distinguishing strengths, enabling us to differentiate our products in the marketplace by combining advanced technology with compelling gameplay that provide unique, deeply engaging experiences.
Our teams have established a portfolio of proprietary software content for the major hardware and mobile platforms, and we aim to be at the forefront of technological innovation. We have a diverse portfolio that spans all key platforms and numerous genres, including action, adventure, family, casual, hyper-casual, role-playing, shooter, social casino, sports, and strategy. This enables us to appeal to a wide array of consumers worldwide, ranging from game enthusiasts to casual gamers. Most of our intellectual property is internally owned and developed, which we believe best positions us financially and competitively. In addition, we selectively license several highly recognizable renowned brands, particularly in sports entertainment. We support our products with innovative marketing programs created by our global teams.
We derive substantially all of our revenue from the sale of our interactive entertainment content, which includes internally developed software titles and software titles developed by third parties, in-game virtual items and advertising, and live services on console, mobile, and PC. Operating margins are dependent in part upon our ability to release new, commercially successful software products and to manage effectively their development and marketing costs.
To support our content pipeline, we have internal development studios located in Australia, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, India, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom ("U.K."), and the United States ("U.S.").
19
Rockstar Games. Rockstar Games' strategy is to develop a limited number of titles that are known for their quality and longevity in the market for which they can create sequels and incremental revenue opportunities through virtual currency, add-on content, and in-game purchases across all key platforms. Software titles published by our Rockstar Games label are primarily internally developed. We expect Rockstar Games, our wholly-owned publisher of the Grand Theft Auto, L.A. Noire, Max Payne, Midnight Club, Red Dead Redemption, and other popular series, to continue to be a leader in the action/adventure product category and to create groundbreaking entertainment. We believe that Rockstar Games has established a uniquely original, popular, cultural phenomenon with its Grand Theft Auto series, which is the interactive entertainment industry's most iconic and critically acclaimed brand and has sold-in over 470 million units worldwide. Our most recent installment, Grand Theft Auto V, which was released in 2013, has sold-in over 230 million units worldwide and includes access to Grand Theft Auto Online. Rockstar Games offers its GTA+ membership program, which engages its player community with an array of rotating benefits, including access to classic Rockstar Games titles. Rockstar Games continues to invest in the series and will release Grand Theft Auto VI on November 19, 2026, during the current fiscal year. The label released its first trailer for the title in December 2023 and the second in May 2025, and pre-orders for the title commenced in June 2026. Red Dead Redemption 2, which has been a critical and commercial success that set numerous entertainment industry records, has sold-in more than 85 million units worldwide. Rockstar Games continues to expand on its established series by developing sequels, offering downloadable episodes, and providing additional content. Rockstar Games' titles are published across all key platforms, including mobile.
2K. Our 2K label publishes a variety of popular entertainment properties across all key platforms and across a range of genres including shooter, action, role-playing, strategy, sports, and family/casual entertainment. In recent years, 2K has expanded its offerings to include several new franchises that are expected to enhance and diversify its slate of games and provide opportunities for sequels and additional content. We expect 2K to continue to develop new, successful franchises in the future. 2K's internally owned and developed series include the critically acclaimed, multi-million unit selling BioShock, Borderlands, Mafia, Sid Meier's Civilization, and XCOM franchises. 2K's sports simulation titles include NBA 2K, which continues to be the top-ranked NBA basketball video game, WWE 2K professional wrestling, and PGA TOUR 2K. 2K also publishes mobile titles, including WWE SuperCard and NBA 2K All-Stars.
Zynga. Our Zynga label publishes popular free-to-play mobile games that deliver high quality, deeply engaging entertainment experiences and generates revenue from in-game sales and advertising. Zynga's strategy is to have numerous games in concept development and to determine which titles are best suited for soft and worldwide launch based on the achievement of various milestones and key performance indicator (KPI) thresholds. Zynga's diverse portfolio of popular game franchises has been downloaded more than 10 billion times, including Color Block Jam, CSR2, Empires & Puzzles, Game of Thrones: Legends, Game of Thrones Slots Casino, Golf Rival, Harry Potter: Puzzles & Spells, Hit it Rich! Casino, Match Factory!, Merge Dragons!, Toon Blast, Toy Blast, Wizard of Oz Slots Casino, Words With Friends, and Zynga Poker.
Trends and Factors Affecting our Business
Product Release Schedule. Our financial results are affected by the timing of our product releases and the commercial success of our titles. Generally, a significant portion of our revenue has been derived from a few popular series, particularly around new releases within those series, some of which have annual or biennial releases. Additionally, our Grand Theft Auto products in particular have historically accounted for a significant portion of our revenue. Sales of Grand Theft Auto products generated 12.8% of our net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026. The timing of our Grand Theft Auto product releases may affect our financial performance on a quarterly and annual basis. Rockstar will release Grand Theft Auto VI on November 19, 2026.
To date we have also announced that, during the remainder of fiscal year 2027, 2K plans to release NBA 2K27, PGA 2K27 and WWE 2K27.
Economic Environment and Retailer Performance. We continue to monitor various macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, such as global tariff policies, that may affect our business in several areas, including consumer demand, inflation, pricing pressure on our products and third party hardware platforms, credit quality of our receivables, and foreign currency exchange rates. Actions we have taken to date and other potential actions we may take in the future in response to these factors could result in negative impacts in future periods.
The economic environment has affected our customers in the past and may do so in the future. There has been increased consolidation in our industry, which is extremely competitive, and larger, better capitalized competitors will be in a stronger position to withstand prolonged periods of economic downturn and sustain their business through periods of financial volatility. Also, bankruptcies or consolidations of our large retail customers could hurt our business, due to uncollectible accounts receivable and the concentration of purchasing power among the remaining large retailers.
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Hardware Platforms. We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from the sale of products made for video game consoles manufactured by third parties. Such console revenue comprised 41.8% of our net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026. The success of our business is dependent upon consumer acceptance of these platforms and the continued growth in the installed base of these platforms, which has been and could be impacted by global economic factors, including global tariff policies. When new hardware platforms are introduced, demand for interactive entertainment developed for older platforms typically declines, which may negatively affect our business during the market transition to the new consoles. The latest Sony and Microsoft consoles provide "backwards compatibility" (i.e., the ability to play games for the previous generation of consoles). The inclusion of such features on new consoles could mitigate the risk of such a decline. However, we cannot be certain how backwards compatibility will affect demand for our products. Further, events beyond our control may impact the availability or pricing of consoles, which may also affect demand for our products. We manage our product delivery on each current and future platform in a manner we believe to be most effective to maximize our revenue opportunities and achieve the desired return on our investments in product development. Accordingly, our strategy for these platforms is to focus our development efforts on a select number of the highest quality titles.
Online Content and Digital Distribution. We provide a variety of online delivered products, including direct digital downloads of our titles, and access to additional offerings through virtual currency, add-on content, in-game purchases, and in-game advertising, which drive ongoing engagement and incremental revenue from recurrent consumer spending on our titles. Net revenue from digital online channels comprised 98.3% of our net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026. We expect online delivery of games and game offerings to continue to be the primary part of our business over the long term.
A significant portion of our mobile titles are distributed, marketed, and promoted through third parties, primarily Apple’s App Store and the Google Play Store. Virtual items for our mobile games are purchased principally through the payment processing systems of these platform providers, as well as our direct-to-consumer commerce platform. We generate a significant portion of our net revenue through the Apple and Google platforms and expect to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Apple and Google generally have the discretion to set the amounts of their platform fees and change their platforms’ terms of service and other policies with respect to us or other developers at their sole discretion, and those changes may be unfavorable to us. These platform fees are recorded as Cost of revenue as incurred. Further, as a result of the platform fees associated with online game sales, our mobile net revenue generally generates a lower gross margin percentage than our Console or PC revenue. Accordingly, the overall product mix between mobile and other game sales may affect our gross margin percentage. We are also continuing to expand our direct-to-consumer efforts more meaningfully across our mobile portfolio to enhance profitability.
Player acquisition costs. Principally for our mobile titles, we use advertising and other forms of player acquisition and retention to grow and retain our player audience. These expenditures, which are recorded within Selling and marketing in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, generally relate to the promotion of new game launches and ongoing performance-based programs to drive new player acquisition and lapsed player reactivation. Over time, the effectiveness or cost of these acquisition and retention-related programs may change, affecting our operating results.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our most critical accounting policies, which are those that require significant judgment, include revenue recognition, capitalization and recognition of software development costs and licenses, fair value estimates including valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation, and income taxes. In-depth descriptions of our other critical accounting policies and estimates can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026.
Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Operating Metric
Net Bookings
We monitor Net Bookings as a key operating metric in evaluating the performance of our business. Net Bookings is defined as the net amount of products and services sold digitally or sold-in physically during the period and includes licensing fees, merchandise, in-game advertising, and publisher incentives. Net Bookings were as follows:
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| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Increase/ (decrease) | % Increase/ (decrease) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Bookings | $ | 1,385.9 | $ | 1,423.1 | $ | (37.2) | (2.6) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended June 30, 2026, Net Bookings decreased by $37.2 as compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily driven by lower Net Bookings from our Grand Theft Auto series and Color Block Jam partially offset by higher Net Bookings from NBA 2K.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, net revenue by platform, net revenue by distribution channel, and net revenue by content type:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenue | $ | 1,533.9 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,503.8 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 651.4 | 42.5 | % | 558.8 | 37.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 882.5 | 57.5 | % | 945.0 | 62.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling and marketing | 369.7 | 24.1 | % | 409.2 | 27.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 273.8 | 17.8 | % | 256.4 | 17.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 226.3 | 14.8 | % | 207.4 | 13.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 48.2 | 3.1 | % | 50.4 | 3.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 918.0 | 59.8 | % | 923.4 | 61.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | (35.5) | (2.3) | % | 21.6 | 1.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other, net: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 22.8 | 1.5 | % | 16.5 | 1.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (30.4) | (2.0) | % | (38.9) | (2.6) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income/(expense), net | (6.2) | (0.4) | % | (13.0) | (0.9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other, net | (13.8) | (0.9) | % | (35.4) | (2.4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (49.3) | (3.2) | % | (13.8) | (1.0) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit from income taxes | (15.2) | (1.0) | % | (1.9) | (0.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (34.1) | (2.2) | % | $ | (11.9) | (0.9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue by platform: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mobile | $ | 762.3 | 49.7 | % | $ | 801.7 | 53.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Console | 640.5 | 41.8 | % | 550.6 | 36.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PC and other | 131.1 | 8.5 | % | 151.5 | 10.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue by distribution channel: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Digital online | $ | 1,507.3 | 98.3 | % | $ | 1,476.6 | 98.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical retail and other | 26.6 | 1.7 | % | 27.2 | 1.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue by content: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recurrent consumer spending | $ | 1,289.8 | 84.1 | % | $ | 1,256.1 | 83.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full game and other | 244.1 | 15.9 | % | 247.7 | 16.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 Compared to June 30, 2025
| 2026 | % | 2025 | % | Increase/ (decrease) | % Increase/ (decrease) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenue | $ | 1,533.9 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,503.8 | 100.0 | % | $ | 30.1 | 2.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product costs | 187.8 | 12.2 | % | 210.4 | 14.0 | % | (22.6) | (10.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Game intangibles | 154.3 | 10.1 | % | 158.5 | 10.5 | % | (4.2) | (2.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Software development costs and royalties (1) | 135.1 | 8.8 | % | 30.1 | 2.0 | % | 105.0 | 348.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licenses | 99.5 | 6.5 | % | 70.9 | 4.7 | % | 28.6 | 40.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Internal royalties | 74.7 | 4.9 | % | 88.9 | 5.9 | % | (14.2) | (16.0) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 651.4 | 42.5 | % | 558.8 | 37.1 | % | 92.6 | 16.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 882.5 | 57.5 | % | $ | 945.0 | 62.9 | % | $ | (62.5) | (6.6) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes $3.1 and $(41.0) of stock-based compensation expense in 2026 and 2025, respectively, in software development costs and royalties.
For the three months ended June 30, 2026, net revenue increased by $30.1 as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily driven by higher net revenue of $89.0 from NBA 2K, partially offset by lower net revenue of $32.8 from Color Block Jam and $24.2 from our Grand Theft Auto series.
Net revenue from mobile decreased by $39.4 and accounted for 49.7% of our total net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to 53.3% for the prior year period. The decrease in net revenue from mobile was primarily driven by lower net revenue from Color Block Jam. Net revenue from console games increased by $89.9 and accounted for 41.8% of our total net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to 36.6% for the prior year period. The increase in net revenue from console games was primarily driven by higher net revenue from NBA 2K and our Borderlands franchise, the latest installment of which, Borderlands 4, released in September 2025. Net revenue from PC and other decreased by $20.4 and accounted for 8.5% of our total net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to 10.1% for the prior year period. The decrease in net revenue from PC and other was primarily driven by lower net revenue from our Grand Theft Auto series.
Recurrent consumer spending ("RCS") is generated from ongoing consumer engagement and includes revenue from virtual currency, add-on content, in-game purchases, and in-game advertising. Net revenue from RCS increased by $33.7 and accounted for 84.1% of net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to 83.5% of net revenue for the prior year period. The increase in net revenue from RCS was primarily driven by higher net revenue from NBA 2K, partially offset by lower net revenue from Color Block Jam. Net revenue from full game and other decreased by $3.6 and accounted for 15.9% of net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to 16.5% of net revenue for the prior year period. The decrease in net revenue from full game and other was primarily driven by lower net revenue from our Grand Theft Auto series, and PGA TOUR 2K, partially offset by higher net revenue from NBA 2K and our Borderlands franchise.
Net revenue from digital online channels increased by $30.7 and accounted for 98.3% of our total net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to 98.2% for the prior year period. The increase was primarily driven by higher net revenue from NBA 2K, partially offset by lower net revenue from Color Block Jam and our Grand Theft Auto series. Net revenue from physical retail and other channels decreased by $0.6 and accounted for 1.7% of our total net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to 1.8% for the same period in the prior year period.
Gross profit as a percentage of net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was 57.5% as compared to 62.9% for the prior year period. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of net revenue was primarily driven by the reversal of expense related to the forfeiture of awards in the prior year.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates increased net revenue by $0.6 and increased gross profit by $1.7 for the three months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the prior year period.
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Operating Expenses
| 2026 | % of net revenue | 2025 | % of net revenue | Increase/ (decrease) | % Increase/ (decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling and marketing | $ | 369.7 | 24.1 | % | $ | 409.2 | 27.2 | % | $ | (39.5) | (9.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 273.8 | 17.8 | % | 256.4 | 17.1 | % | 17.4 | 6.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 226.3 | 14.8 | % | 207.4 | 13.8 | % | 18.9 | 9.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 48.2 | 3.1 | % | 50.4 | 3.4 | % | (2.2) | (4.4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses(1) | $ | 918.0 | 59.8 | % | $ | 923.4 | 61.5 | % | $ | (5.4) | (0.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense, which was allocated as follows:
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Selling and marketing | $ | 23.8 | $ | 24.4 | |||||||
| Research and development | 19.4 | 21.1 | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 39.7 | 36.2 | |||||||||
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates increased total operating expenses by $2.7 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the prior year period.
Selling and marketing
Selling and marketing expenses decreased by $39.5 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by lower marketing expense for Color Block Jam, Match Factory!, and our Sid Meier's Civilization and Borderlands franchises. This was partially offset by higher personnel expense.
Research and development
Research and development expenses increased by $17.4 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by higher personnel expense, partially offset by the timing of additional R&D-related credits related to certain titles.
General and administrative
General and administrative expenses increased by $18.9 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by (i) higher personnel expense, (ii) higher IT-related expenses for cloud-based services and IT infrastructure, and (iii) higher professional fees.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased by $2.2 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by lower IT infrastructure expense.
Interest and other, net
Interest and other, net was an expense of $13.8 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to an expense of $35.4 for the prior year period. The net decrease in expense was primarily driven by (i) lower interest expense due to lower outstanding debt balances because we repaid our 2025 Notes in April 2025 and our 2026 Notes in March 2026 (refer to Note 9 - Debt), (ii) higher interest income primarily due to higher interest rates, and (iii) a decrease in foreign currency losses.
Benefit from income taxes
The benefit from income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2026 is based on our projected annual effective tax rate for fiscal year 2027, adjusted for specific items that are required to be recognized in the period in which they are incurred. The benefit from income taxes was $15.2 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the benefit from income taxes of $1.9 for the prior year period.
When compared to the statutory rate of 21%, the effective tax rate of 30.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was primarily driven by tax benefits of $16.9 related to geographic mix of earnings and changes in reserves.
In the prior year period, when compared to the statutory rate of 21%, the effective tax rate of 13.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to tax expense of $5.6 related to an increase in the U.S. and international valuation allowances and $2.9 by geographic mix of earnings and changes in reserves, offset by tax benefits of $4.9 from employee stock-based compensation, tax benefits of $2.6 from tax credits.
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The change in effective tax rate, when compared to the prior year period's effective tax rate, is primarily driven by higher tax benefits from geographic mix of earnings offset by decreased tax benefits from tax credits and employee stock-based compensation.
The accounting for share-based compensation will increase or decrease our effective tax rate based upon the difference between our share-based compensation expense and the deductions taken on our tax return, which depends on the stock price at the time of the employee award vesting.
We anticipate that additional excess tax benefits or shortfalls from employee stock compensation, tax incentives or credits, and changes in our geographic mix of earnings could have a significant impact on our effective tax rate in the future. In addition, we are regularly examined by domestic and foreign taxing authorities. Examinations may result in tax assessments in excess of amounts claimed and the payment of additional taxes. We believe our tax positions comply with applicable tax law, and that we have adequately provided for reasonably foreseeable tax assessments. It is possible that settlement of audits or the expiration of the statute of limitations could have an impact on our effective tax rate in future periods.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBB") was signed into law. OBBB includes significant provisions, including but not limited to (1) permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("TCJA"), (2) modifications to the international provisions relating to Base Erosion Anti Abuse Act ("BEAT"), Global Intangible Low-Tax Income ("GILTI") and Foreign Derived Deduction Eligible Income ("FDDEI"), (3) permanent reinstatement deduction for domestic research expenditures and 100% bonus depreciation for certain qualified property, and (4) modifications to tax credits. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 and others implemented in future periods. We have estimated the accounting for income tax effects of OBBB in our projected annual effective tax rate. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of OBBB on the Company. It is possible that these changes could have an adverse impact on our effective tax rate, tax payments, financial condition, or results of operations. The tax law is complex and additional interpretive guidance may be issued that could affect the interpretations and assumptions we have made, as well as actions we may take as a result of OBBB.
The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (the “ARPA”), among other things, includes provisions to expand the IRC Section 162(m) disallowance for deduction of certain compensation paid by publicly held corporations. Effective for tax years starting after December 31, 2026 (April 1, 2027 for the Company), the ARPA expands the limitation to cover the next five most highly compensated employees. The ARPA did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended June 30, 2026. We continue to evaluate the potential impact the ARPA may have on our operations and Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods.
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Inflation Reduction Act”) includes a corporate alternative minimum tax ("CAMT") of 15% on the adjusted financial statement income ("AFSI") of corporations with an average AFSI exceeding $1.0 billion over a consecutive three-year period. It is possible that the CAMT could result in an additional tax liability over the regular federal corporate tax liability in a particular year based on differences between book and taxable income. We do not estimate any tax liability relating to CAMT for the current fiscal year. We will continue to evaluate the potential impact the Inflation Reduction Act may have on our operations and Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") has proposed a global minimum tax of 15% of reported profits, referred to as Pillar Two. Many countries have already implemented or are taking steps to implement Pillar Two. Although the model rules provide a framework for applying the minimum tax, countries may enact Pillar Two slightly differently than the model rules and on different timelines. Pillar Two could result in additional tax liability over the regular corporate tax liability in a particular jurisdiction to the extent tax expense is less than a 15% minimum rate. The impact of Pillar Two was not material to the tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2026. On January 5, 2026, the OECD released new administrative guidance outlining a “side-by-side” arrangement following agreement on key elements by the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Pillar Two. It provides new safe harbors for U.S. multinational companies which would exempt U.S.-parented groups from two of the three Pillar Two top up taxes, extend the current Transitional Country-by-Country Reporting Safe Harbor by one year through the end of fiscal year ending March 31, 2028, and make the Simplified Effective Tax Rate Safe Harbor permanent. We will continue to evaluate the impact Pillar Two and any additional guidance may have on our results and operations.
Net loss and Loss per share
For the three months ended June 30, 2026, net loss was $34.1, as compared to a net loss of $11.9 in the prior year period. Basic and diluted loss per share for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was $0.18, as compared to basic and diluted loss per share of $0.07 in the prior year period. Basic weighted average shares of 186.2 were 5.4 shares higher as compared to the prior year period basic weighted average shares, primarily due to our equity issuance, as well as normal stock compensation
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activity, including vests and grants in the prior year being fully outstanding in the current year. See Note 10 - Loss Per Share to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary cash requirements are to fund (i) the development, manufacturing and marketing of our published products, (ii) working capital, (iii) capital expenditures, (iv) debt and interest payments, (v) tax payments, and (vi) acquisitions. We expect to rely on cash and cash equivalents as well as on short-term investments, funds provided by our operating activities, and our 2022 Credit Agreement to satisfy our working capital needs. Refer to Note 9 - Debt for additional discussion of our outstanding debt obligations.
Accounts Receivable sale program
On May 19, 2025, we entered into an arrangement to sell designated pools of high credit quality accounts receivable under an uncommitted accounts receivables purchase facility in an initial aggregate amount of up to $215.0 to an unaffiliated financial institution on a true sale basis. As these accounts receivable are sold without recourse, we do not retain the associated risks of lack of payment due to insolvency of the account debtors following the transfer of such accounts receivable to such financial institution. We will continue to collect cash from our account debtors and remit to the financial institution. We will derecognize the carrying value of the financial assets transferred and recognize a net gain or loss on the sale under Interest and other, net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The proceeds from these arrangements will be reflected as cash provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
No receivables were sold under this facility during the three months ended June 30, 2026. We may utilize this facility in future periods depending on cash flow needs and market conditions.
Short-term investments
As of June 30, 2026, we had $461.7 of short-term investments, which primarily consisted of bank time deposits with maturities greater than 90 days. From time to time, we may make additional short-term investments depending on future market conditions and liquidity needs.
Senior Notes
As of June 30, 2026, we had $2,500.0 of Senior Notes outstanding.
Credit Agreement
As of June 30, 2026, there were no borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement, and we had approximately $997.5 available for additional borrowings.
Convertible Notes
The 2026 Convertible Notes mature on December 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased in accordance with their terms, prior to the maturity date. The 2026 Convertible Notes do not bear regular interest, and the principal amount does not accrete. An aggregate principal amount of $29.4 of the 2026 Convertible Notes remained outstanding at June 30, 2026.
Financial Condition
We are subject to credit risks, particularly if any of our receivables represent a limited number of customers or are concentrated in foreign markets. If we are unable to collect our accounts receivable as they become due, it could adversely affect our liquidity and working capital position.
Generally, we have been able to collect our accounts receivable in the ordinary course of business. We do not hold any collateral to secure payment from customers. We have trade credit insurance on the majority of our customers to mitigate accounts receivable risk.
A majority of our trade receivables are derived from sales to major retailers, including digital storefronts and platform partners, and distributors. Our five largest customers accounted for 82.3% and 83.5% of net revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. We had four customers who accounted for 27.6%, 21.1%, 15.0%, and 12.4% of our net revenue as of June 30, 2026, and four customers who accounted for 25.4%, 23.2%, 16.9%, and 12.9% our net revenue as of June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2026 and March 31, 2026, five customers accounted for 69.5% and 69.6% of our gross accounts receivable, respectively. Customers that individually accounted for more than 10% of our gross accounts receivable balance comprised 55.6% and 57.7% of such balances at June 30, 2026 and March 31, 2026, respectively. We had three
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customers who accounted for 25.5%, 17.4%, and 12.7% of our gross accounts receivable as of June 30, 2026, and three customers who accounted for 22.7%, 21.0%, and 14.0% of our gross accounts receivable as of March 31, 2026. We did not have any additional customers that exceeded 10% of our gross accounts receivable as of June 30, 2026, and March 31, 2026. Based upon performing ongoing credit evaluations, maintaining trade credit insurance on a majority of our customers who sell our physical products, and our past collection experience, we believe that the receivable balances from these largest customers do not represent a significant credit risk, although we actively monitor each customer's creditworthiness and economic conditions that may affect our customers' business and access to capital. We are monitoring the current global economic conditions, including credit markets and other factors as it relates to our customers in order to manage the risk of uncollectible accounts receivable.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and projected cash flow from operations, along with availability under our 2022 Credit Agreement will provide us with sufficient liquidity to satisfy our cash requirements for working capital, capital expenditures, and commitments on both a short-term and long-term basis.
As of June 30, 2026, the amount of cash and cash equivalents held outside of the U.S. by our foreign subsidiaries was $1,232.0. These balances are dispersed across various locations around the world. We believe that such dispersion meets the business and liquidity needs of our foreign affiliates. In addition, we expect to have the ability to generate sufficient cash domestically to support ongoing operations for the foreseeable future.
Our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 21.7 shares of our common stock. Under this program, we may purchase shares from time to time through a variety of methods, including in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable securities laws. Repurchases are subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, our financial performance and other conditions. The program does not require us to repurchase shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time for any reason.
During the three months ended June 30, 2026, we did not repurchase shares of our common stock under the program, but in the past have repurchased a total of 11.7 shares of our common stock under the program, and as of June 30, 2026, 10.0 shares of our common stock remained available for repurchase under the share repurchase program.
Our changes in cash flows were as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| (millions of dollars) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (168.8) | $ | (44.7) | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (52.4) | (36.8) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 30.5 | 618.3 | |||||||||
| Effects of foreign currency exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents | (1.3) | 20.2 | |||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents | $ | (192.0) | $ | 557.0 | |||||||
At June 30, 2026, we had $1,446.1 of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents, compared to $1,638.1 at March 31, 2026. The decrease during the three months ended June 30, 2026 was primarily due to Net cash used in operating activities, which was primarily due to investments in software development and licenses, partially offset by sales of our products. This net decrease was also due to Net cash used in investing activities, which was primarily due to the purchase of short-term investments and fixed assets. This net decrease was partially offset by the increase in Net cash provided by financing activities, primarily due to issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan.
When compared to the prior year period, Net cash provided by financing activities decreased primarily due to proceeds from our underwritten public offering of common stock in the prior year.
Commitments
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Capital Expenditures
In fiscal year 2027, we anticipate capital expenditures to be approximately $290.0. During the three months ended June 30, 2026, capital expenditures were $25.0.
International Operations
Net revenue earned outside of the United States is principally generated by our operations in Europe, Asia, Australia, Canada, and Latin America. For the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, 40.0% and 40.1%, respectively, of our net revenue was earned outside the U.S. We are subject to risks inherent in foreign trade, including increased credit risks, tariffs and duties, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, shipping delays and international political, regulatory and economic developments, all of which can have a significant effect on our operating results.
Fluctuations in Quarterly Operating Results and Seasonality
We have experienced fluctuations in quarterly and annual operating results as a result of the timing of the introduction of new titles, variations in sales of titles developed for particular platforms, market acceptance of our titles, development and promotional expenses relating to the introduction of new titles, sequels or enhancements of existing titles, projected and actual changes in platforms, the timing and success of title introductions by our competitors, product returns, changes in pricing policies by us and our competitors, the accuracy of retailers' forecasts of consumer demand, the size and timing of acquisitions, the timing of orders from major customers, and order cancellations and delays in product shipment. Sales of our full game products are also seasonal, with peak demand typically occurring in the fourth calendar quarter during the holiday season. For certain of our software products with multiple performance obligations, we defer the recognition of our net revenue over an estimated service period which generally ranges from five to fifteen months. As a result, the quarter in which we generate the highest Net Bookings may be different from the quarter in which we recognize the highest amount of Net revenue. Quarterly comparisons of operating results are not necessarily indicative of future operating results.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk is the potential loss arising from fluctuations in market rates and prices. Our market risk exposures primarily include fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates relates primarily to our short-term investment portfolio and variable rate debt under the 2022 Credit Agreement.
We seek to manage our interest rate risk by maintaining a short-term investment portfolio that includes bank-time deposits with high credit quality and maturities of less than two years. Since short-term investments mature relatively quickly and can be reinvested at the then-current market rates, interest income on a portfolio consisting of short-term securities is more subject to market fluctuations than a portfolio of longer-term maturities. However, the fair value of a short-term portfolio is less sensitive to market fluctuations than a portfolio of longer-term securities. We do not currently use derivative financial instruments in our short-term investment portfolio. Our investments are held for purposes other than trading.
As of June 30, 2026, we had $461.7 of short-term investments. We also had $1,364.9 of cash and cash equivalents that are comprised primarily of money market funds and bank-time deposits. We determined that, based on the composition of our investment portfolio, there was no material interest rate risk exposure to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements or liquidity as of June 30, 2026.
Historically, fluctuations in interest rates have not had a significant effect on our operating results.
Under our 2022 Credit Agreement, loans will bear interest at a rate of (a) 0.000% to 0.625% above an alternate base rate (6.75% at June 30, 2026) or (b) 1.000% to 1.625% above SOFR, approximately 3.65% at June 30, 2026, which rates are determined by the Company's credit rating. At June 30, 2026, there were no borrowings under our 2022 Credit Agreement.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We transact business in foreign currencies and are exposed to risks resulting from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. In particular, during the six months ended September 30, 2023, there was a significant devaluation of the Turkish Lira against the U.S. Dollar, which negatively affected our results. It is possible that further devaluations could occur, which would have a negative impact on our results. Accounts relating to foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using prevailing exchange rates at the relevant period end. Translation adjustments are included as a separate component of Stockholders' equity on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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For the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, our foreign currency translation adjustment was a loss of $10.5 and a gain of $82.9, respectively. The change in foreign currency translation adjustment was primarily driven by the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the British Pound during the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to a significant weakening of the U.S. Dollar against the British Pound in the prior year period. For the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, we recognized a foreign currency exchange transaction loss of $2.7 and a loss of $8.5, respectively, included in Interest and other, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We use foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with non-functional currency denominated cash balances and intercompany funding loans, non-functional currency denominated accounts receivable and non-functional currency denominated accounts payable. These transactions are not designated as hedging instruments and are accounted for as derivatives whereby the fair value of the contracts is reported as either assets or liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value are reported in Interest and other, net, in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We do not enter into derivative financial contracts for speculative or trading purposes.
At June 30, 2026, we had $338.0 of forward contracts outstanding to sell foreign currencies in exchange for U.S. dollars and $87.8 of forward contracts outstanding to buy foreign currencies in exchange for U.S. dollars, all of which have maturities of less than one year. At March 31, 2026, we had $349.2 of forward contracts outstanding to sell foreign currencies in exchange for U.S. dollars and $140.3 of forward contracts outstanding to buy foreign currencies in exchange for U.S. dollars, all of which had maturities of less than one year. For the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, we recorded a gain of $5.8 and a loss of $12.4, respectively, related to foreign currency forward contracts in Interest and other, net on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of June 30, 2026 and March 31, 2026, the fair value of these outstanding forward contracts were immaterial, and were included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities when in a loss position, or in Prepaid expenses and other when in a gain position. The fair value of these outstanding forward contracts is estimated based on the prevailing exchange rates of the various hedged currencies as of the end of the period.
Our hedging programs are designed to reduce, but do not entirely eliminate, the effect of currency exchange rate movements. We believe that the counterparties to these foreign currency forward contracts are creditworthy multinational commercial banks and that the risk of counterparty nonperformance is not material. Notwithstanding our efforts to mitigate some foreign currency exchange rate risks, there can be no assurance that our hedging activities will adequately protect us against the risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, 40.0% of our revenue was generated outside the U.S. Using sensitivity analysis, a hypothetical 10.0% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar against all currencies would decrease revenues by 4.0%, while a hypothetical 10.0% decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against all currencies would increase revenues by 4.0%. In our opinion, a substantial portion of this fluctuation would be offset by cost of revenue and operating expenses incurred in local currency.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of management, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act") were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2026, which were identified in connection with management's evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Inherent limitations to any system of disclosure controls and procedures include, but are not limited to, the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of such controls by one or more persons. In addition, we have
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designed our system of controls based on certain assumptions, which we believe are reasonable, about the likelihood of future events, and our system of controls may therefore not achieve its desired objectives under all possible future events.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Refer to Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosures regarding legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Share Repurchase Program—Our Board of Directors previously authorized the repurchase of up to 21.7 shares of our common stock. The authorizations permit us to purchase shares from time to time through a variety of methods, including in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable securities laws. Repurchases are subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, our financial performance and other conditions. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time for any reason.
During the three months ended June 30, 2026, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock in the open market, as part of the program. As of June 30, 2026, we had repurchased a total of 11.7 shares of our common stock under this program, and 10.0 shares of common stock remained available for repurchase under our share repurchase program. The table below details the share repurchases made by us during the three months ended June 30, 2026:
| Period | Shares purchased | Average price per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the repurchase program | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| April 1-30, 2026 | — | $ | — | — | 10.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| May 1-31, 2026 | — | $ | — | — | 10.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| June 1-30, 2026 | — | $ | — | — | 10.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Item 5. Other Information
The share numbers in this Item 5 represent the actual number of shares (i.e., not presented in millions).
Securities Trading Plans
Our Section 16 officers and directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act, may from time to time enter into plans for the purchase or sale of our common stock that are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. During the quarter ended June 30, 2026, the following Section 16 officers and directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted, modified, or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act):
•On June 17, 2026 , Lainie Goldstein , our Chief Financial Officer, adopted a new written trading plan. The plan’s maximum duration is until September 17, 2027 and the first trade will not occur until September 17, 2026, at the earliest. The trading plan is intended to permit Ms. Goldstein to sell up to an aggregate of 50,259 shares of our common stock.
•On June 23, 2026 , William "Bing" Gordon , a member of our Board of Directors, adopted a new written trading plan. The plan's maximum duration is until June 30, 2027 and the first trade will not occur until September 29, 2026, at the earliest. The trading plan is intended to permit Mr. Gordon to sell up to an aggregate of 40,000 shares of our common stock.
No other Section 16 officers or directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted, modified, or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K, during the three months ended June 30, 2026.
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Item 6. Exhibits
| Exhibits: | |||||
| 10.1 | |||||
| 31.1 | |||||
| 31.2 | |||||
| 32.1 | |||||
| 32.2 | |||||
| 101.INS | The Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | ||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | ||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document | ||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document | ||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document | ||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document | ||||
+ Represents a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2026 (Unaudited) and March 31, 2026, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited), (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited); and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC. (Registrant) | |||||||||||
| Date: | August 7, 2026 | By: | /s/ STRAUSS ZELNICK | ||||||||
Strauss Zelnick Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||
| Date: | August 7, 2026 | By: | /s/ LAINIE GOLDSTEIN | ||||||||
Lainie Goldstein Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||
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Exhibit 31.1
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Section 302 Certification
I, Strauss Zelnick, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. (the “registrant”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
August 7, 2026 | /s/ STRAUSS ZELNICK | ||||
Strauss Zelnick Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | |||||
Exhibit 31.2
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
Section 302 Certification
I, Lainie Goldstein, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. (the “registrant”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
August 7, 2026 | /s/ LAINIE GOLDSTEIN | |||||||
Lainie Goldstein Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 32.1
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U. S. C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Strauss Zelnick, as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
August 7, 2026 | /s/ STRAUSS ZELNICK | ||||
Strauss Zelnick Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | |||||
EXHIBIT 32.2
TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U. S. C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Lainie Goldstein, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
August 7, 2026 | /s/ LAINIE GOLDSTEIN | ||||
Lainie Goldstein Chief Financial Officer | |||||