Washington Trust Bancorp Inc S-3, filed Aug 7, 2026
Washington Trust Bancorp Inc (WASH)
S-3
2026-08-07
View Original
Added on
October 19, 2026
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7, 2026
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
WASHINGTON TRUST BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Rhode Island | 05-0404671 | |||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |||||||
23 Broad Street
Westerly, Rhode Island 02891
(401) 348-1200
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Edward O. Handy III
Chief Executive Officer
Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc.
23 Broad Street
Westerly, Rhode Island 02891
(401) 348-1200
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Samantha M. Kirby, Esq.
Covington & Burling LLP
One International Place, Suite 1020
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(617) 603-8800
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Accelerated Filer | ☒ | |||||||||||
Non-Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐ | |||||||||||
Emerging Growth Company | ☐ | |||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission or regulatory authority has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where such offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion, dated August 7, 2026
PROSPECTUS
$150,000,000
Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc.
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Depositary Shares
Warrants
Purchase Contracts and Purchase Units
Subscription Rights
Units
We may offer, issue and sell, from time to time up to $150,000,000, together or separately, in one or more offerings, the above-referenced securities. The securities we may offer may be convertible into or exchangeable for other securities. This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to these securities and the general manner in which they may be offered. Each time we offer any securities pursuant to this prospectus, we will provide you with a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities being offered and the specific manner in which they may be offered. You should read this prospectus, the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement, including any information incorporated by reference therein, and any applicable free writing prospectus carefully before you invest in the securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or “Nasdaq” and trades under the ticker symbol “WASH.”
We may offer and sell these securities to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, directly to purchasers or through a combination of these methods, on a continuous or delayed basis from time to time. See “Plan of Distribution.” The names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the distribution of our securities, their compensation and any option they hold to acquire additional securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Net proceeds from the sale of securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Investing in our securities involves certain risks. Before buying our securities, you should carefully consider the risks described under the caption “Risk Factors” beginning on page 5 of this prospectus, any similar section contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and in any free writing prospectus we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and in the documents included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement, including any information incorporated by reference therein.
These securities are not deposits, savings accounts or other obligations of any bank or savings association and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency and are subject to investment risks, including the possible loss of the entire amount you invest.
None of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, any state securities commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2026.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |||||
| ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS | 1 | ||||
| WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION | 2 | ||||
| FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 3 | ||||
| THE COMPANY | 4 | ||||
| RISK FACTORS | 5 | ||||
| USE OF PROCEEDS | 5 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER | 5 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK | 6 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK | 8 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES | 10 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES | 23 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS | 26 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS AND PURCHASE UNITS | 28 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS | 29 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION OF UNITS | 30 | ||||
| PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 31 | ||||
| LEGAL MATTERS | 34 | ||||
| EXPERTS | 34 | ||||
| INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS | II-1 | ||||
| SIGNATURES | II-6 | ||||
| POWER OF ATTORNEY | II-7 | ||||
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration statement, we may offer and sell from time to time, separately or together, any combination of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depositary shares, warrants, purchase contracts, purchase units, subscription rights and units in one or more offerings at an aggregate offering price of up to $150,000,000. The preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts, purchase units, subscription rights and units may be convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, our common or preferred stock or other securities issued by us, or debt or equity securities issued by one or more other entities.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer and sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.
You should read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.” We may also prepare free writing prospectuses that describe particular securities. Any free writing prospectus should also be read in connection with this prospectus and any prospectus supplement referred to therein. For purposes of this prospectus, any reference to an applicable prospectus supplement may also refer to a free writing prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires. As used in this prospectus, the “Corporation,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise; the “Bank” refers to The Washington Trust Company, of Westerly.
The registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, including the exhibits to the registration statement, contains additional information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus. The registration statement can be obtained from the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. Copies of information filed by us with the SEC are also available on our website at www.washtrust.com. The reference to our website is not intended to be an active link and the information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not, and you must not consider the information to be, a part of this prospectus or any other filings we make with the SEC.
We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information in addition to or different from that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any information that others may provide. We are not making an offer to sell or soliciting an offer to buy our securities under any circumstances where the offer or solicitation is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus that we have prepared is accurate as of any date other than the date of those documents, and that any information in documents that we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
The distribution of this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement and the offering of the securities in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons who obtain this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement should inform themselves about, and observe, any such restrictions. This prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement do not constitute, and may not be used in connection with, an offer or solicitation by anyone in any jurisdiction in which such offer or solicitation is not permitted or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus the information in documents we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus and should be read with the same care. When we update the information contained in documents that have been incorporated by reference by making future filings with the SEC, the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus is considered to be automatically updated and superseded. In other words, in all cases, if you are considering whether to rely on information contained in this prospectus or information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, you should rely on the information contained in the document that was filed later. We incorporate by reference (other than any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, unless expressly stated otherwise therein) the documents listed below, which are considered to be a part of this prospectus:
•our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026 (including the portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on March 17, 2026, incorporated by reference therein);
•our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2026, filed with the SEC on May 7, 2026, and June 30, 2026, filed with the SEC on August 6, 2026;
•our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 18, 2026, May 1, 2026, and May 12, 2026; and
•the description of our capital stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-274430), filed with the SEC on October 1, 2020, including any amendment or report filed with the SEC for purposes of updating such description.
All reports and other documents we subsequently file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), including all such reports and other documents filed with the SEC after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement, until our offering is completed will also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be part hereof (other than any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, unless expressly stated otherwise therein). The most recent information that we file with the SEC automatically updates and supersedes older information. The information contained in any such filing will be deemed to be a part of this prospectus commencing on the date on which the document is filed.
Any documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus are available without charge to you, upon written request on the Internet at www.washtrust.com or upon written or oral request by contacting the Corporate Secretary, at 23 Broad Street, Westerly, Rhode Island 02891, (401) 348-1200. The reference to our website is not intended to be an active link and the information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not, and you must not consider the information to be, a part of this prospectus or any other filings we make with the SEC.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this in this prospectus and each prospectus supplement that are not historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this prospectus and each prospectus supplement, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “assume,” “should,” “predict,” “could,” “would,” “intend,” “targets,” “estimates,” “projects,” “plans,” and “potential,” and other similar words and expressions of the future, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, but other statements not based on historical information may also be considered forward-looking, including statements about our future financial and operating results and plans, objectives, and intentions. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements of our company to differ materially from any results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from the statements, including, but not limited to:
•changes in general business and economic conditions (including the impact of ongoing armed conflicts, tariffs, inflation, current or future U.S. government shutdowns, and concerns about liquidity) on a national basis and in the local markets in which we operate;
•interest rate changes or volatility, as well as changes in the balance and mix of loans and deposits;
•changes in customer behavior due to political, business and economic conditions;
•changes in loan demand and collectability;
•the possibility that future credit losses are higher than currently expected due to changes in economic assumptions or adverse economic developments;
•ongoing volatility in national and international financial markets;
•reductions in the market value or outflows of wealth management assets under administration;
•decreases in the value of securities and other assets;
•increases in defaults and charge-off rates;
•changes in the size and nature of our competition;
•changes in, and evolving interpretations of, existing and future laws, rules and regulations;
•changes in accounting principles, policies and guidelines;
•operational risks including, but not limited to, changes in information technology, cybersecurity incidents, fraud, natural disasters, war, terrorism, civil unrest and future pandemics;
•regulatory, litigation and reputational risks; and
•changes in the assumptions used in making such forward-looking statements.
There may be other factors not identified above, including those described in the “Risk Factors” beginning on page 5 of this prospectus, and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and included or incorporated by reference into, and in the section titled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Most of these factors are difficult to anticipate and are generally beyond our control. You should consider these factors in connection with considering any forward-looking statements that may
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be made by us. We undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events unless we are required to do so by law.
THE COMPANY
Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc., a publicly-owned registered bank holding company that has elected to be a financial holding company, was organized in 1984 under the laws of the state of Rhode Island. The Corporation’s common stock trades on Nasdaq under the symbol WASH. The Corporation owns all of the outstanding common stock of the Bank, a Rhode Island chartered financial institution founded in 1800. The Corporation was formed in 1984 under a plan of reorganization in which outstanding common shares of the Bank were exchanged for common shares of the Corporation.
The Bank provides a full range of financial services, including commercial, residential and consumer lending, retail and commercial deposit products, and wealth management and trust services. The deposits of the Bank are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, subject to regulatory limits. The Bank has a registered investment adviser subsidiary, Washington Trust Advisors, Inc. The Bank also has a mortgage banking subsidiary, Washington Trust Mortgage Company LLC, that is licensed to do business in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Hampshire. The Corporation’s residential mortgage origination business conducted in residential mortgage lending offices located outside of Rhode Island is performed by this Bank subsidiary.
Our address is 23 Broad Street, Westerly, Rhode Island 02891, and the telephone number is (401) 348-1200. You can find additional information regarding the Corporation in its filings with the SEC referenced in the section of this document titled “Where You Can Find More Information.”
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in securities issued by us involves certain risks. Before you invest in any securities issued by us, in addition to the other information included in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus, as well as the information contained in any applicable prospectus supplement, you should carefully consider the risk factors contained in the section titled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our Annual or Quarterly Reports for subsequent fiscal years or fiscal quarters that we file with the SEC and that are so incorporated. See “Where You Can Find More Information” for information about how to obtain a copy of these documents. You should also carefully consider the risks and other information that may be contained in, or incorporated by reference into, any prospectus supplement relating to specific offerings of securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business and operations.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sales of the securities in the manner and for the purposes that will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, which may include general corporate purposes.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER
This prospectus contains summary descriptions of our capital stock. These summary descriptions are not meant to be complete descriptions of each security. The applicable prospectus supplement for an offering may add, update or change the terms and conditions of the securities as described in this prospectus. The following description of our capital stock does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, our Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (the “articles of incorporation”) and Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “bylaws”), each of which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and to applicable Rhode Island law, including the Rhode Island Business Corporation Act. We urge you to read these documents for a more complete understanding of shareholder rights.
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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
A brief summary of the material terms of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock is set forth below. The description is qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The following description of our stock and provisions of our articles and bylaws is only a summary of such provisions and instruments, and does not purport to be complete.
General
Under our articles of incorporation, we have authority, without further shareholder action, to issue up to 60,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0625 par value per share.
As of July 31, 2026, we had 19,074,321 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol “WASH.”
We may issue common stock from time to time. Our board of directors must approve the amount of stock we sell and the price for which it is sold. Holders of our common stock do not have preferential rights or preemptive rights to buy or subscribe for capital stock or other securities that we may issue. Our common stock does not have any redemption or sinking fund provisions or any conversion rights.
Dividends
Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends if, as and when declared by our board of directors out of any funds legally available for dividends.
Voting Rights
Except as otherwise required by law, the articles of incorporation or the bylaws, or by the terms of any other class or series of stock, holders of our common stock have the exclusive power to vote on all matters presented to our shareholders, including the election of directors. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share. Holders of our common stock elect our board of directors and act on other matters as are required to be presented to them under Rhode Island law or as are otherwise presented to them by the board of directors. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our directors.
All matters to be voted on by shareholders, other than the election of directors, must be approved by a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of shareholders duly called and at which a quorum is present. In elections of directors, a plurality voting standard will apply.
Preemptive Rights
Holders of our common stock have no preemptive rights under our articles of incorporation or by-laws.
Liquidation/Dissolution Rights
In the event the Corporation is liquidated, dissolved or its affairs are wound up, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive, in cash or in kind, in proportion to their holdings, the assets that we may legally use to pay distributions after it pays or makes adequate provision for all our debts and liabilities.
Restrictions on Ownership
The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or the “BHCA,” requires any “bank holding company,” as defined in the BHCA, to obtain the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the “Federal Reserve,” prior to the acquisition of more than 5% of our common stock. Any person, other than a bank holding company, is required to obtain prior approval of the Federal Reserve to acquire 10% or more of our common stock under the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978. Any holder of 25% or more of our common
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stock, or a holder of 5% or more if such holder otherwise exercises a “controlling influence” over the Corporation, may be subject to regulation as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act. In addition, Rhode Island law requires the prior approval of the Superintendent of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation, Banking Regulation Division for (i) the acquisition of more than 5% of the voting shares of a Rhode Island financial institution or Rhode Island Bank or any financial institution holding company that controls a Rhode Island financial
institution or Rhode Island bank by certain banking entities, or (ii) the acquisition by a Rhode Island financial institution or Rhode Island bank or a Rhode Island financial institution holding company of more than 5% of the voting shares of a financial institution or a foreign bank.
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, LLC.
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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
The following section describes the general terms of preferred stock that we may issue. The specific terms of any series of preferred stock will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to that series of preferred stock. The terms of any series of preferred stock may differ from the terms described below. Certain provisions of our preferred stock described below and in any prospectus supplement are not complete. The summary does not purport to be exhaustive and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles and our bylaws, each of which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and to applicable Rhode Island law, including the Rhode Island Business Corporation Act.
General
Under our articles of incorporation, we have the authority to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. Prior to issuing shares of preferred stock of a particular series, our board of directors will determine or fix the terms of that series of preferred stock, as described below.
When we issue shares of preferred stock, they will be fully paid and nonassessable. This means the full purchase price for the outstanding preferred stock will be paid at issuance and that the purchasers of shares of preferred stock will not be required later to pay us any additional consideration for those shares. This means that the purchasers of shares of preferred stock will not receive any rights, as a holder of preferred stock, to buy any portion of the securities which we may issue in the future. The issuance by the Corporation of preferred stock could dilute both the equity interests and the earnings per share of existing holders of the Corporation’s common stock. Such dilution may be substantial, depending upon the number of shares issued. The newly authorized shares of preferred stock could also have voting rights superior to the Corporation’s common stock, and in such event would have a dilutive effect on the voting power of our existing shareholders.
Terms
You should refer to the prospectus supplement relating to the offering of a class or series of preferred stock or the certificate of designation designating the class or series of preferred stock for the specific terms of that class or series, including:
•the distinctive class or serial designation and the number of shares constituting such class or series;
•the dividend rates or the amount of dividends to be paid on the shares of such class or series, whether dividends shall be cumulative and, if so, from which date or dates, the payment date or dates for dividends, and the participating and other rights, if any, with respect to dividends;
•the voting powers, full or limited, if any, of the shares of such class or series;
•whether the shares of such class or series shall be redeemable and, if so, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions on which, such shares may be redeemed;
•the amount or amounts payable upon the shares of such class or series and any preferences applicable thereto in the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up;
•whether the shares of such class or series shall be entitled to the benefit of a sinking or retirement fund to be applied to the purchase or redemption of such shares, and if so entitled, the amount of such fund and the manner of its application, including the price or prices at which such shares may be redeemed or purchased through the application of such fund;
•whether the shares of such class or series shall be convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of any other class or classes or of any other series of the same or any other class or classes of our stock and, if so convertible or exchangeable, the conversion price or prices, or the rate or rates of exchange, and the
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adjustments thereof, if any, at which such conversion or exchange may be made, and any other terms and conditions of such conversion or exchange;
•the price or other consideration for which the shares of such class or series shall be issued;
•whether the shares of such class or series which are redeemed or converted shall have the status of authorized but unissued shares of undesignated preferred stock (or series thereof) and whether such shares may be reissued as shares of the same or any other class or series of stock; and
•such other powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof as our board of directors may deem advisable.
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for the preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The complete terms of the debt securities will be contained in the indenture and supplemental indenture applicable to the debt securities. These documents will be included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or the applicable prospectus supplement. You should read the indenture and applicable supplemental indenture relating to any debt securities. You should also read the applicable prospectus supplement, which will contain additional information and which may update or change some of the information below.
The complete terms of the debt securities will be contained in the indenture and supplemental indenture applicable to the debt securities. These documents will be included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or the applicable prospectus supplement. You should read the indenture and applicable supplemental indenture relating to any debt securities. You should also read the applicable prospectus supplement, which will contain additional information and which may update or change some of the information below.
We may issue, separately or together with, or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of other securities, debt securities, including debentures, notes, bonds and other evidence of indebtedness as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The debt securities may be either secured or unsecured and will be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The debt securities will be issued under one or more separate indentures between us and a trustee to be specified in an accompanying prospectus supplement. Senior debt securities will be issued under a senior indenture and subordinated debt securities will be issued under a subordinated indenture. We refer to the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture together as the indentures. This prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplement, will describe the terms of each series of debt securities that we may offer from time to time.
The following summary of the material provisions of the indentures and the debt securities does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of the applicable indenture and certificates evidencing the applicable debt securities. The specific terms of the applicable indenture and debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. If any particular terms of the applicable indenture or debt securities described in a prospectus supplement differ from any of the terms described below, then the terms described below will be deemed to have been superseded by those described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Capitalized terms used but not defined in this section have the meanings given to those terms in the applicable prospectus supplement or, if not defined in the applicable prospectus supplement, in the applicable indenture.
General
Debt securities may be issued in separate series without limitation as to aggregate principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. We are not limited as to the amount of debt securities that we may issue under the indentures. Unless otherwise provided in a prospectus supplement, a series of debt securities may be reopened to issue additional debt securities of such series. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated as described below under the heading “—Subordinated Debt.”
The prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of debt securities will set forth the material terms of the debt securities being offered, as established pursuant to a board resolution, in an officer’s certificate or in a supplemental indenture, including:
•the title of the debt securities and whether they are senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities;
•the offering price (which may be expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount) of the debt securities;
•the aggregate principal amount of such series that may be authenticated and delivered under the indentures (except for securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in
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lieu of, other securities of the series pursuant to the indenture and except for any securities deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered);
•the maturity date or dates;
•if applicable, whether the debt securities shall be subject to the defeasance provisions described below under “—Satisfaction and Discharge” or such other defeasance provisions specified in the applicable prospectus supplement for the debt securities;
•any conversion or exchange provisions;
•the date of the debt securities if other than the date of original issuance;
•the person who shall be entitled to receive interest, if other than the record holder on the record date and the manner in which such interest will be payable;
•the date or dates on which the principal of the debt securities of such series is payable;
•the rate or rates, and if applicable the method used to determine the rate, at which the debt securities of such series will bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest will accrue, the date or dates on which such interest will be payable and the record date or dates for the interest payable on any debt securities on any interest payment date;
•the place or places where payments of principal and interest may be made and securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange;
•the obligation, if any, of the Corporation to redeem or purchase the debt securities of such series, at the option of the Corporation or at the option of a holder thereof, pursuant to any sinking fund or other redemption provisions and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the debt securities of the series may be so redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part;
•if issued other than in minimum denominations of $1,000 or any multiple of $1,000, or $5,000 in the case of bearer securities, the denominations in which the debt securities will be issuable;
•the portion of the principal amount that will be payable upon acceleration of maturity, if other than the entire principal amount;
•if other than U.S. currency, the currency, currencies or currency units in which principal, premium, if any, or interest will be payable and the manner of determining the equivalent thereof in U.S. currency;
•if the principal of (and premium, if any, on) or any interest on the debt securities is to be payable, at our election or the election of a holder thereof, in one or more currencies other than that the currency or currencies in which the debt securities are stated to be payable, the currency or currencies in which payment is to be made payable and the periods and terms upon which such election is to be made;
•if the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any, on) or any interest on the debt securities of the series may be determined by reference to an index, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;
•whether the debt securities will be issuable in book-entry only form;
•any interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents for the debt securities, if other than the trustee;
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•whether and under what circumstances we will pay additional amounts in respect of any series of debt securities and whether we have the option to redeem such debt securities rather than pay such additional amounts;
•any provisions relating to the extension of maturity of, or the renewal of, the debt securities of such series, or the conversion of the debt securities of such series into other securities of the Corporation;
•any provisions relating to the purchase or redemption of all or any portion of a tranche or series of debt securities, including the period of notice required to redeem those debt securities;
•the terms and conditions, if any, pursuant to which the debt securities are secured;
•any subordination provisions applicable to the subordinated debt securities if different from those described below under “—Subordinated Debt;”
•any other terms or provisions relating to the payment of principal of, premium (if any) or interest thereon, including, but not limited to, whether such debt securities are issuable at a discount or premium, as amortizable debt securities and if payable in, convertible or exchangeable for commodities or other securities of ours; and
•any other specific terms of such debt securities.
If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies, or if the principal of or premium, if any, or interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement information on the restrictions, elections, material United States federal income tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and the relevant foreign currency or currencies.
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be registered debt securities. Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. The material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities sold at a discount will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Senior Debt
Except as otherwise provided in a prospectus supplement, senior debt securities will be unsecured and will rank equally with all other unsecured and unsubordinated debt of the Corporation, and will rank senior in right of payment to any subordinated debt.
Subordinated Debt
Except as otherwise provided in a prospectus supplement, subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and will be subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our Senior Indebtedness, as more fully described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a deposit is made in accordance with the terms of the indenture with respect to any debt securities (and provided all other conditions set out in the indenture shall have been satisfied with respect to such debt securities), then, when the 90th day after such deposit has ended, no money obligations so deposited, and no proceeds thereon, will be subject to any rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness, including any rights of subordination.
Under the subordinated debt indenture, Senior Indebtedness means, without duplication, the principal, premium, if any, unpaid interest (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization, whether or not a claim for post-filing interest is allowed in such proceeding), fees, charges, expenses, reimbursement and indemnification obligations, and all other amounts payable under or in respect of the following
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indebtedness, whether any such indebtedness exists as of the date of the indenture or is created, incurred or assumed after such date:
•all obligations for borrowed money;
•all obligations evidenced by debentures, debt securities or other similar instruments;
•all obligations associated with derivative products, including but not limited to, securities contracts, foreign currency exchange contracts, swap agreements (including interest rate and foreign exchange rate swap agreements), cap agreements, floor agreements, collar agreements, interest rate agreements, foreign exchange rate agreements, options, commodity futures contracts, commodity option contracts and similar financial instruments;
•all obligations in respect of letters of credit or bankers acceptances or similar instruments (or reimbursement obligations with respect thereto);
•all obligations to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services, except trade accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business;
•all indebtedness of others guaranteed by us or any of our subsidiaries or for which we or any of our subsidiaries is legally responsible or liable (whether by agreement to purchase indebtedness of, or to supply funds or to invest in, others);
•indebtedness secured by any mortgage, pledge, lien, charge, encumbrance or any security interest existing on property owned by the Corporation but excluding any obligations of the Corporation which are required (as opposed to elected) to be treated as finance leases under generally accepted accounting principles;
•purchase money and similar obligations; and
•any renewals, extensions, refunds or replacements of any of the foregoing.
Methods of Receiving Payments on the Debt Securities
Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be payable as to principal, redemption premium, if any, and interest at the office or agency of the paying agent (which may be us) or, at our option, payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the holders of the debt securities at their last addresses as they appear on the register of holders or wired if held in book-entry form.
Events of Default; Waiver
Unless we indicate otherwise in a prospectus supplement with respect to a particular series of debt securities, an “event of default,” when used in the indentures, means any of the following:
•our default in the payment of the principal (or premium, if any) on any of the debt securities of such series as and when due, either at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund with respect to any series of the debt securities;
•our default in the payment of any installment of interest on the debt securities when due, and continuance of such default for a period of 90 days;
•our failure to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement in the debt securities or the applicable indenture and the continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days after our receipt of written notice from the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities then outstanding of that series specifying such failure and requiring it to be remedied;
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•a court having jurisdiction enters a decree or order for relief in respect of us or a Material Subsidiary (as defined below) in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of us or a Material Subsidiary or for any substantial part of our or its respective property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of our affairs shall have been entered and remained unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days;
•we or a Material Subsidiary commence a voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or consent to the entry of a decree or order for relief in an involuntary case or proceeding under any such law, or the consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of us or a Material Subsidiary or of any substantial part of our or its respective property, or the making by us or a Material Subsidiary of a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or
•any other event of default provided with respect to a particular series of debt securities, as described in the prospectus supplement with respect to the offering of such series.
A Material Subsidiary means the Bank or any successor thereof or any of our subsidiaries that is a depository institution and that has consolidated assets equal to 80% or more of our consolidated assets.
If an event of default occurs and continues as described in the first, second, third or sixth bullet above, either the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series then outstanding by written notice to us (with a copy to the trustee, if given by holders) may declare the principal amount of the debt securities of that series to be immediately due and immediately payable. If an event of default occurs and continues as described in the fourth or fifth bullet above, the principal amount of all of the debt securities issued under the indentures shall automatically be deemed immediately due and payable.
The indentures also provide that the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of each series outstanding at the time may, on behalf of the holders of all of the debt securities of that series, waive any past default with respect to the debt securities and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the debt securities or a bankruptcy or insolvency-related default, or with respect to any covenant or provision that cannot be modified or amended under the terms of the indenture without the holder of such outstanding debt security so affected.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of each series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee. However, the trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the indentures or that the trustee determines in good faith may be unjustly prejudicial to the holders of the debt securities not consenting or that may involve the trustee in personal liability. In addition, the trustee may take any other action it deems proper that is not inconsistent with any such direction received from the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities.
The trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by the indentures at the request, order or direction of any of the holders of any debt securities or related coupons pursuant to the provisions of the indentures, unless such holders shall have offered to the trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the losses, costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request, order or direction. Except to enforce the right to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, no holder of a debt security will have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy under the indenture unless:
•such holder has previously given the trustee written notice of a continuing event of default;
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•holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made a written request to the trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such event of default in its own name as trustee under the indenture;
•such holders provide to the trustee reasonable indemnity acceptable to the trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred with such request;
•the trustee has failed to institute a proceeding within 60 days after its receipt of the notice, request and offer of indemnity; and
•the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities do not give the trustee a direction inconsistent with the request within such 60-day period.
Each indenture requires the applicable trustee to notify the holders of a series regarding the existence of any default known to the trustee, unless the default has been cured or waived. In addition, except in the case of a default in payment of principal of or interest on any debt security or the payment of any sinking or purchase fund installment, the trustee may withhold notice of a default if and so long as the trustee in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the holders of the debt securities. Furthermore, the trustee shall not provide notice of default to the holders of debt securities following our failure to duly observe or perform any of the covenants or agreements contained in the debt securities or indenture (other than certain payment obligations) unless at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For purposes of these requirements, a “default” means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an event of default under the indentures with respect to the debt securities of such series.
We are required to deliver to the trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, commencing with the year during which the first series of debt securities is issued under an indenture, a written statement signed by certain officers regarding our performance under the indenture throughout the year and specifying any known default in the fulfilment of any of our obligations under the indenture, together with certain additional details regarding any such known default.
Merger, Consolidation, Sale, Lease or Conveyance
Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement with respect to a particular series of debt securities, we will not merge into or consolidate with any other corporation, or sell or convey all or substantially all of our assets to any person, firm, or corporation, unless:
•either we are the continuing corporation or the successor corporation is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States or a state thereof or the District of Columbia and expressly assumes the due and punctual payment of the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all the debt securities according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all of the covenants and conditions of the indenture to be performed by us by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the trustee by such successor corporation;
•neither we nor such successor corporation, immediately after giving effect to such merger, consolidation, sale or conveyance, will be in default in the performance of any covenant or condition under the applicable indenture; and
•we shall have delivered to the trustee an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that the transaction complies with the terms of the applicable indenture and that all conditions precedent in such indenture provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.
In the case of any such consolidation or merger, sale or conveyance and upon any such assumption by the successor corporation, the successor corporation shall succeed to, and be substituted for, us under the applicable indenture with the same effect as if it had been an original party to such indenture.
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Certain Covenants
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe any restrictive covenants applicable to any debt securities we offer for sale.
Modification of the Indenture
Unless we indicate otherwise in a prospectus supplement and except as set forth below, modification and amendment of an indenture, or entry into a supplemental indenture applicable to the debt securities, may be made only when authorized by our board of directors and with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the debt securities outstanding affected by such supplemental indenture, voting together as a single class.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no modification or amendment of an indenture as applicable to any series of debt securities may:
•extend the fixed maturity of any debt security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or premium, if any, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, without the consent of the holder of each debt security so affected;
•reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities that is required for any supplemental indenture without the consent of the holders of all debt securities then outstanding;
•modify the subordination provisions in a manner adverse to the holders of any debt security; or
•modify any of the applicable provisions with respect to modification and waiver.
In addition, we and the trustee may modify or amend the indentures as applicable to the debt securities, with the consent of our board of directors but without the consent of any holder of the debt securities, for any of the following purposes:
•to evidence the succession of another corporation to the Corporation, or successive successions, and provide for the successor’s assumption of our covenants, agreements and obligations under the indentures and the debt securities issued thereunder;
•to add further covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions as our board of directors considers to be for the protection of the holders of the debt securities, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and continuance, of a default in any of such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default permitting the enforcement of all or any of the remedies provided under the applicable indenture, with such period of grace and subject to such conditions as such supplemental indenture may provide;
•to add or change any of the provisions of the indenture to provide that bearer securities may be registrable as to principal, to change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of or any premium or interest on bearer securities, to permit bearer securities to be issued in exchange for Registered Securities, to permit bearer securities to be issued in exchange for bearer securities of other authorized denominations or to permit or facilitate the issuance of debt securities in uncertificated form; provided, that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of the debt securities or any related coupons in any material respect;
•to modify, eliminate or add provisions of the indenture to such extent as necessary in order to effect the qualification of the applicable indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”), or any similar federal statute thereafter enacted, and to add such other provisions as may be expressly permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, excluding Section 316(a)(2) thereof or any corresponding provision in any similar federal statute hereafter enacted;
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•to modify, eliminate or add to any provisions of the indenture; provided that any such change or elimination (i) becomes effective only when there are no outstanding debt securities and created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture that is entitled to the benefit from such provision or (ii) does not apply to any outstanding debt security;
•to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision in the indenture or any supplemental indenture which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision, (ii) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any property to or with the trustee or (iii) to make such other provisions in regard to matters or questions arising under the indenture; provided, that no such provision shall adversely affect in any material respect the interests of the holders of the debt securities or any related coupons, including provisions necessary or desirable to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts;
•to secure any series of debt securities; and
•to evidence and provide for the acceptance and appointment by a successor trustee with respect to the debt securities of one or more series and to add or change any provisions of the indenture as necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts.
The trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any amendment or supplemental indenture that adversely affects the trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the applicable indenture or otherwise.
Subject to the requirements for the holders to waive a default related to bankruptcy events, defaults related to covenants or provisions that cannot be modified without the consent of each affected holder, and the rights of any holder of a debt security to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on such debt securities, holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities voting as a single class of such series or of all debt securities, as the case may be, then outstanding may waive all defaults with respect to that series or with respect to all securities treated as a single class and rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences, but no waiver or rescission and annulment will extend to or affect any subsequent default.
Outstanding Debt Securities; Determinations of Holders’ Actions
Debt securities outstanding at any time are the debt securities authenticated and delivered by the trustee except for those cancelled by the trustee or delivered to the trustee for cancellation, those debt securities, or portions thereof, for which we have deposited in trust with the trustee or any paying agent a sufficient amount of money for the payment or redemption thereof, those debt securities that have been defeased under the indenture, and those debt securities that have been exchanged for other debt securities issued under the indenture or that have been mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen and replaced by the trustee. A debt security does not cease to be outstanding because we or an affiliate of ours holds the debt security; provided, that in determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of debt securities have given or concurred in any request, demand, authorization, notice, direction, consent or waiver, debt securities owned by us, any other obligor of the debt securities or any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with us or any other obligor on the debt securities, will be disregarded and deemed not to be outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except for determining whether the trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only debt securities which the trustee knows are so owned will be so disregarded, and debt securities that have been pledged in good faith may also be regarded as outstanding under certain circumstances.
Satisfaction and Discharge
Each indenture may be discharged and cease to be of further effect as to the applicable debt securities, when:
either:
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•all debt securities of any series that have been authenticated and all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation, except (i) coupons on bearer securities that meet certain conditions, (ii) debt securities and coupons that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid as provided in the indenture, (iii) coupons relating to debt securities called for redemption and maturing after the relevant redemption date, whose surrender has been waived, and (iv) debt securities and coupons for which payment has been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by us and thereafter repaid to us or discharged from such trust; or
•all debt securities and certain coupons discussed above that have not been delivered to the trustee for cancellation (i) have become due and payable, (ii) are by their terms due and payable within one year or (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and in the case of clauses (i) and (iii) in the preceding bullet point, we have deposited or caused to be deposited with the trustee as trust funds the entire amount (other than moneys repaid by the trustee or any paying agent to us under the terms of the indenture) sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all debt securities of such series and coupons not delivered to the trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and any interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date of redemption;
•we have paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable by us under the applicable indenture with respect to the debt securities;
•upon demand of and at our cost and expense, the trustee has executed instruments reasonably requested by us acknowledging the satisfaction and discharge of the applicable indenture with respect to the debt securities; and
•we have delivered to the trustee an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel stating that the conditions precedent to the satisfaction and discharge of the debt securities have been complied with.
Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
Legal Defeasance
Under the terms of the indentures and unless otherwise provided in a supplemental indenture, we will be deemed to have paid and will be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities after we have made the deposit referred to below and the conditions precedent and subsequent set forth below are satisfied, and the provisions of the applicable indenture will cease to be applicable with respect to the debt securities (except for, among other matters, certain rights of the holders to receive payments of principal, premium and interest when due on such debt securities from the trust fund, and our obligations to register the transfer of or exchange of the debt securities, prepare temporary debt securities, replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities, maintain paying agents and hold funds for payment in trust, and rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities with respect to the trustee) if:
•we have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the trustee, in trust, money in an amount and/or non-callable or non-redeemable government securities that will provide funds in amount sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized public accounting firm expressed in a written certification delivered to the trustee, to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest on the debt securities until maturity or redemption in accordance with the terms of the applicable indenture and any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such debt securities;
•no default or event that after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become a default with respect to such debt securities, will have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit, or insofar as events of default due to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization in respect of us are concerned, during the period ending on the 123rd day after the date of such deposit or, if longer, ending on the day following the expiration of the longest preference period applicable to the company with respect to such deposit;
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•such defeasance or covenant defeasance does not (i) cause the trustee for the debt securities to have a conflicting interest under the terms of the indenture or the Trust Indenture Act or (ii) result in the trust arising from such deposit to constitute, unless it is qualified, a regulated investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
•such defeasance or covenant defeasance does not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, the indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which we are a party or by which we are bound;
•such defeasance or covenant defeasance does not cause any debt securities of such series then listed on any registered national securities exchange under the Exchange Act to be delisted;
•we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that (i) we have received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (ii) since the date of the indenture there has been a change in the applicable United States federal income tax law to the effect that, and based thereon, holders of the debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred;
•such defeasance is effected in compliance with any terms, conditions or limitations which may be imposed on the Corporation in connection with a supplemental indenture or board resolutions establishing such series of debt securities; and
•we shall have delivered to the trustee an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent and subsequent provided for in the indenture relating to the defeasance have been complied with.
Covenant Defeasance
Under the terms of the indentures and unless as otherwise provided in a supplemental indenture, we will not need to comply with certain restrictive covenants, and the provisions of the applicable indenture will cease to be applicable with respect to an event of default under the debt securities other than an event of default due to our failure to pay the principal of or interest on the debt securities when due, upon:
•the satisfaction of the conditions described above in “–Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance – Legal Defeasance,” other than with respect to the sixth bullet point; and
•our delivery to the trustee of an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.
If we exercise our option to omit compliance with certain provisions of the applicable indenture as described in the immediately preceding paragraph and the debt securities are declared due and payable because of the occurrence of an event of default that remains applicable, the amount of money and/or non-callable government securities on deposit with the trustee may not be sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities at the time of acceleration resulting from such event of default. In such event, we will remain liable for such payments.
Limitation on Individual Liability
No incorporator or past, present or future shareholder, officer or director of ours or any successor corporation, as such, will have any liability for any obligations, covenants or agreements of ours under the debt securities or the indentures or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby. Each holder of a debt security, by accepting a debt security waives and releases such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for
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the issuance of the debt securities. Such waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws.
Trustee
The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify the trustee for the particular series of debt securities to be issued under the indentures.
At all times, the trustee must be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, with authority to exercise corporate trust powers, be subject to the supervision or examination by federal, state, territorial or District of Columbia authority, have at all times a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and not be the Corporation or any person directly or indirectly controlled or controlled by or under common control with the Corporation.
If the trustee acquires any conflicting interest, as defined in the Trust Indenture Act, with respect to the debt securities, within 90 days after the trustee has acquired a conflicting interest, which has not been cured or waived, the trustee would generally be required by the Trust Indenture Act to eliminate that conflicting interest or resign as trustee with respect to the debt securities issued under the applicable indenture. If the trustee resigns, we are required to appoint a successor trustee with respect to the affected securities promptly. The trustee and/or certain of its affiliates may provide banking, investment and other services to us.
Notices
Any notices required to be given to the holders of the debt securities will be given by mail to the addresses of the holders in the security register.
Governing Law
The indentures and the debt securities are governed by, and will be construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York. The indentures will be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are required to be part of the indentures and will, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions.
Book-Entry Delivery and Settlement
Global Debt Securities
We will issue any debt securities in the form of one or more global debt securities in definitive, fully registered, book-entry form. The global debt securities will be deposited with or on behalf of DTC, and registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of DTC. Beneficial interests in the global debt securities will be represented through book-entry accounts of financial institutions acting on behalf of beneficial owners as direct and indirect participants in DTC. Investors may hold interests in the global debt securities through DTC.
DTC has advised us that:
•DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a “clearing agency” registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act.
•DTC holds securities that its participants deposit with DTC and facilitates the post-trade settlement among participants of sales and other securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants’ accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of security certificates.
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•Direct participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other organizations.
•DTC is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”). DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries.
•Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a direct participant, either directly or indirectly.
•The rules applicable to DTC and its direct and indirect participants are on file with the SEC.
We have provided the description of the operations and procedures of DTC in this prospectus solely as a matter of convenience. These operations and procedures are solely within the control of those organizations and are subject to change by them from time to time. None of us, any underwriters or any trustee takes any responsibility for these operations or procedures, and you are urged to contact DTC or their participants directly to discuss these matters.
We expect that under procedures established by DTC:
•upon deposit of the global debt securities with DTC or its custodian, DTC will credit on its internal system the accounts of direct participants designated by any underwriters with portions of the principal amounts of the global debt securities; and
•ownership of the debt securities will be shown on, and the transfer of ownership thereof will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC or its nominee, with respect to interests of direct participants, and the records of direct and indirect participants, with respect to interests of persons other than participants.
The laws of some jurisdictions may require that purchasers of securities take physical delivery of those securities in definitive form. Accordingly, the ability to transfer interests in the debt securities represented by a global debt security to those persons may be limited. In addition, because DTC can act only on behalf of its participants, who in turn act on behalf of persons who hold interests through participants, the ability of a person having an interest in debt securities represented by a global debt security to pledge or transfer those interests to persons or entities that do not participate in DTC’s system, or otherwise to take actions in respect of such interest, may be affected by the lack of a physical definitive security in respect of such interest.
So long as DTC or its nominee is the registered owner of a global debt security, DTC or that nominee will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by that global debt security for all purposes under the indenture and under the debt securities. Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in a global debt security will not be entitled to have debt securities represented by that global debt security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of certificated debt securities and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the applicable indenture or under the debt securities for any purpose, including with respect to the giving of any direction, instruction or approval to the trustee. Accordingly, each holder owning a beneficial interest in a global debt security must rely on the procedures of DTC and, if that holder is not a direct or indirect participant, on the procedures of the participant through which that holder owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder of debt securities under the applicable indenture or a global debt security.
Neither we nor any trustee will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of debt securities by DTC, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records of those organizations relating to the debt securities.
Payments on the debt securities represented by the global debt securities will be made to DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner thereof. We expect that DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of
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any payment on the debt securities represented by a global debt security, will credit participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the global debt security as shown in the records of DTC or its nominee. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in the global debt security held through such participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practice as is currently the case with securities held for the accounts of customers registered in the names of nominees for such customers. The participants will be responsible for those payments.
Settlement Procedures
Secondary market trading between DTC participants will occur in the ordinary way in accordance with DTC rules and will be settled in immediately available funds.
Certificated Debt Securities
Individual certificates in respect of any debt securities will not be issued in exchange for the global debt securities, except in very limited circumstances. We will issue or cause to be issued certificated debt securities to each person that DTC identifies as the beneficial owner of the debt securities represented by a global debt security upon surrender by DTC of the global debt security if:
•DTC notifies us that it is no longer willing or able to act as a depositary for such global debt security or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and we have not appointed a successor depositary within 90 days of that notice or becoming aware that DTC is no longer so registered;
•an event of default has occurred and is continuing, and DTC requests the issuance of certificated debt securities; or
•subject to DTC’s procedures, we determine not to have the debt securities of such series represented by a global debt security.
Neither we nor any trustee will be liable for any delay by DTC, its nominee or any direct or indirect participant in identifying the beneficial owners of the debt securities. We and any trustee may conclusively rely on, and will be protected in relying on, instructions from DTC or its nominee for all purposes, including with respect to the registration and delivery, and the respective principal amounts, of any certificated debt security to be issued.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES
We may elect to offer fractional interests in shares of our preferred stock, in which case we will issue receipts for depositary shares and each depositary share will represent a fraction of a share of the applicable series of our preferred stock, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following summary of the terms of the depositary shares does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the terms of the depositary shares and our preferred stock, as well as the form of the deposit agreement, depositary receipts, our articles and any amendments thereto relating to the applicable series of our preferred stock that will be filed with the SEC. Therefore, you should carefully consider the actual provisions in these documents.
General
We may offer fractional, rather than full shares of preferred stock. If we exercise this option, we will provide for the issuance by a depositary to the public of depositary receipts evidencing depositary shares, each of which will represent a fractional interest (to be stated in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of the preferred stock) in a share of a particular series of the preferred stock.
We will deposit the shares of any series of the preferred stock underlying the depositary shares under a separate deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company selected by us, known as a depositary, having its principal office in the United States, and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50 million. The applicable prospectus supplement will provide the name and address of the depositary. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will have a fractional interest in all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock underlying the depositary share. These rights include any dividend, voting, redemption, conversion and liquidation rights.
While the final depositary receipts are being prepared, we may order the depositary, in writing, to issue temporary depositary receipts substantially identical to the final depositary receipts although not in final form. This will entitle the holders to all the rights relating to the final depositary receipts. Final depositary receipts will be prepared without unreasonable delay, and the holders of the temporary depositary receipts can exchange them for the final depositary receipts at our expense.
Withdrawal of Preferred Stock
If you surrender depositary receipts at the principal corporate trust office of the depositary (unless the related depositary shares have previously been called for redemption), you are entitled to receive at that office, should you so request, the number of shares of preferred stock and any money or other property represented by the depositary shares. We will not issue partial shares of preferred stock. If you deliver a number of depositary receipts evidencing a number of depositary shares that represent more than a whole number of depositary shares of preferred stock to be withdrawn, the depositary will issue you a new depositary receipt evidencing the excess number of depositary shares at the same time that the preferred stock is withdrawn. Holders of preferred stock will no longer be entitled to deposit these shares under the deposit agreement or to receive depositary shares in exchange for those withdrawn shares of preferred stock. We cannot assure you that a market will exist for the withdrawn preferred stock.
Dividends and Other Distributions
The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received for the preferred stock (less any taxes required to be withheld) to the record holders of depositary shares representing the preferred stock in proportion to the number of depositary shares that the holders own on the relevant record date. The depositary will distribute only the amount that can be distributed without attributing to any holder of depositary shares a fraction of one cent. The balance not distributed will be added to and treated as part of the next sum that the depositary receives for distribution to record holders of depositary shares.
If there is a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property to the record holders of depositary shares that are entitled to it, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make this
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distribution. If this occurs, the depositary may, with our approval, sell the property and distribute the net proceeds from the sale to the holders of depositary shares.
The deposit agreement will also contain provisions relating to the manner in which any subscription or similar rights that we offer to holders of the preferred stock will be made available to holders of depositary shares.
Conversion and Exchange
Unless the applicable prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, the series of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares will not be convertible or exchangeable into any other class or series of our capital stock.
Redemption of Deposited Preferred Stock
If a series of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares is subject to redemption, we will redeem the depositary shares from the redemption proceeds received by the depositary, in whole or in part, on the series of preferred stock held by the depositary. The redemption price per depositary share will bear the same relationship to the redemption price per share of preferred stock that the depositary share bears to the underlying preferred stock. When we redeem preferred stock held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date, the number of depositary shares representing the preferred stock redeemed. If less than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the redemption will be made in a manner that our board of directors decides is equitable.
From and after the date fixed for redemption, the depositary shares called for redemption will no longer be outstanding. When the depositary shares are no longer outstanding, all rights of the holders of depositary shares will cease, except the right to receive money or property that the holders of the depositary shares were entitled to receive on redemption. The payments will be made when holders surrender their depositary receipts to the depositary.
Voting of Deposited Preferred Stock
Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of the preferred stock are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in the notice to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to the preferred stock. Each record holder of the depositary shares on the record date (which will be the same date as the record date for the preferred stock) will be entitled to instruct the depositary on how the preferred stock underlying the holder’s depositary shares should be voted. The depositary will try, if practicable, to vote the number of shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares according to the instructions received, and we will take all action that the depositary may consider necessary to enable the depositary to do so. The depositary will not vote any preferred stock if it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares relating to the preferred stock.
Taxation
Owners of depositary shares will be treated for United States federal income tax purposes as if they were owners of the preferred stock represented by the depositary shares. Accordingly, for United States federal income tax purposes, they will have the income and deductions to which they would have been entitled if they were holders of the preferred stock. In addition:
•no gain or loss will be recognized for federal income tax purposes when preferred stock is withdrawn in exchange for depositary shares as provided in the deposit agreement;
•the tax basis of each share of preferred stock to an exchanging owner of depositary shares will, at the exchange, be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the depositary shares exchanged; and
•the holding period for the preferred stock in the hands of an exchanging owner of depositary shares who held the depositary shares as a capital asset at the time of the exchange, will include the period during which the person owned the depositary shares.
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Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement or required by law, the form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may be amended at any time by an agreement between us and the depositary. A deposit agreement may be terminated by either the depositary or us only if:
•all outstanding depositary shares relating to the deposit agreement have been redeemed; or
•there has been a final distribution on the preferred stock of the relevant series in connection with our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and the distribution has been distributed to the holders of the related depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares.
Charges of Depositary
We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay charges of the depositary associated with the initial deposit and any redemption of the preferred stock. Holders of depositary shares will pay transfer and other taxes and governmental charges, and any other charges that are stated to be their responsibility in the deposit agreement.
Resignation and Removal of Depositary
The depositary may resign at any time by delivering notice to us. We also may remove the depositary at any time. Resignations or removals will be effective when a successor depositary is appointed, and when the successor accepts the appointment. A successor depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal. A successor depositary must be a bank or trust company having its principal office in the United States, and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50 million.
Miscellaneous
The depositary will forward to the holders of depositary shares all reports and communications that it receives from us, and that we are required to furnish to the holders of the preferred stock.
Neither we nor the depositary will be liable if the depositary is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstance beyond its control in performing its obligations under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and the depositary’s obligations under the deposit agreement will be limited to performance in good faith of the duties described in the deposit agreement. Neither we nor the depositary will be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding connected with any depositary shares or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished to the depositary and us. We and the depositary may rely on written advice of counsel or accountants, or information provided by persons presenting preferred stock for deposit, holders of depositary shares or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed to be genuine.
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
General
We may issue warrants in one or more series to purchase debt securities, common stock, preferred stock or any combination of these securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any underlying securities and may be attached to or separate from the underlying securities. We will issue each series of warrants under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants of such series and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency for or on behalf of holders or beneficial owners of warrants. The following sets forth some of the general terms and provisions of the warrants. Further terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreement will be stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following description and any description of the warrants in a prospectus supplement are not complete and are subject to and qualified in their entirety by reference to the terms and provisions of the warrant agreement and related form of warrant certificate representing the warrants, which we will file with the SEC in connection with an issuance of any warrants.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any warrants, including the following, as may be applicable:
•the title of the warrants;
•the total number of warrants to be issued;
•the consideration for which we will issue the warrants, including the applicable currency or currencies;
•anti-dilution provisions to adjust the number or amount of shares of our common stock or other securities to be delivered upon exercise of the warrants;
•the designation and terms of the underlying securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants;
•the price at which and the currency or currencies in which investors may purchase the underlying securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants;
•the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;
•the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;
•the procedures and conditions relating to the exercise of the warrants;
•whether the warrants will be in registered or bearer form;
•information with respect to book-entry registration and transfer procedures, if any;
•the minimum or maximum amount of warrants that may be exercised at any one time;
•the designation and terms of the underlying securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each underlying security;
•the date on and after which the warrants and securities issued with the warrants will be separately transferable;
•a discussion of material United States federal income tax considerations;
•the identity of the warrant agent; and
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•any other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange, transfer and exercise of the warrants.
Warrant certificates may be exchanged for new warrant certificates of different denominations, and warrants may be exercised at the warrant agent’s corporate trust office or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Prior to the exercise of their warrants, holders of warrants exercisable for shares of our common stock or preferred stock will not have any rights of holders of our common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon such exercise, including any rights to vote such shares or to receive any distributions or dividends thereon.
Exercise of Warrants
A warrant will entitle the holder to purchase for cash an amount of securities at an exercise price that will be stated in, or that will be determinable as described in, the applicable prospectus supplement. Warrants may be exercised at any time prior to the close of business on the expiration date and in accordance with the procedures set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Upon and after the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will be void and have no further force, effect or value.
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DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS AND PURCHASE UNITS
We may issue purchase contracts for the purchase or sale of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, or any combination of these securities, issued by us as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each purchase contract will entitle the holder thereof to purchase or sell, and obligate us to sell or purchase on specified dates, such securities at a specified purchase price, which may be based on a formula, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may, however, satisfy our obligations, if any, with respect to any purchase contract by delivering the cash value of such purchase contract or the cash value of the securities otherwise deliverable, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will also specify the methods by which the holders may purchase or sell such securities, and any acceleration, cancellation or termination provisions or other provisions relating to the settlement of a purchase contract. The price per security and the number of securities may be fixed at the time the purchase contracts are entered into or may be determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the applicable purchase contracts.
The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as part of units consisting of a purchase contract and debt securities, or any other securities offered under this prospectus and described in the applicable prospectus supplement or any combination of the foregoing, securing the holders’ obligations to purchase the securities under the purchase contracts, which we refer to herein as purchase units. The purchase contracts may require holders to secure their obligations under the purchase contracts in a specified manner. The purchase contracts also may require us to make periodic payments to the holders of the purchase contracts or the purchase units, as the case may be, or vice versa, and those payments may be unsecured or pre-funded on some basis.
The prospectus supplement relating to any offering of purchase contracts or purchase units will contain the specific terms of the purchase contracts or purchase units. These terms may include, without limitation, the following:
•whether the purchase contracts obligate the holder or us to purchase or sell, or both purchase and sell, the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract, and the nature and amount of each of those securities, or the method of determining those amounts;
•whether the purchase contracts are to be prepaid or not;
•whether the purchase contracts are to be settled by delivery, or by reference or linkage to the value, performance or level of the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract;
•any acceleration, cancellation, termination or other provisions relating to the settlement of the purchase contracts or purchase units;
•a discussion of the material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the purchase contracts or purchase units;
•whether the purchase contracts or purchase units will be issued in fully registered or global form; and
•any other terms of the purchase contracts or purchase units and any securities subject to such purchase contracts.
The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any purchase contracts and purchase units we offer will not necessarily be complete and is subject to, and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to, the applicable purchase contract or unit agreement, which will be filed with the SEC in connection with any offering of such securities.
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DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS
We may issue subscription rights to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, or any combination of these securities. These subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the shareholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities that have not been subscribed for after such offering.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of any offering of subscription rights for which this prospectus is being delivered, including the following:
•the price, if any, for the subscription rights;
•the exercise price payable for each share of our common stock or preferred stock or for debt securities upon the exercise of the subscription rights;
•the number of subscription rights issued to each shareholder;
•the number and terms of each share of our common stock or preferred stock or debt securities that may be purchased per each subscription right;
•the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;
•the conditions to completion of the offering of subscription rights;
•any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of securities receivable upon exercise of the subscription rights or the exercise price of the subscription rights;
•any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;
•the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights will commence, and the date on which the subscription rights will expire;
•the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities or an over-allotment privilege to the extent the securities are fully subscribed; and
•if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights.
The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any subscription rights we offer will not necessarily be complete and is subject to, and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to, the applicable subscription rights agreement and subscription rights certificate, which will be filed with the SEC in connection with any offering of subscription rights.
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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
We may issue units comprised of any combination of two or more of the other securities described in this prospectus and as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder, with rights and obligations of a holder, of each security included in the unit. The units may be issued under unit agreements to be entered into between us and a unit agent.
The applicable prospectus supplement will specify the terms of the units, including:
•the designation and terms of the units and of any of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be held or transferred separately;
•a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the units;
•a description of the provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units;
•a discussion of material United States federal income tax considerations, if applicable; and
•whether the units, if issued as a separate security, will be issued in fully registered or global form.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any units. The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any units we offer will not necessarily be complete and is subject to, and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to, the applicable unit agreement, which will be filed with the SEC in connection with any offering of units.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities offered under this prospectus from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods or through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to one or more purchasers. The securities may be distributed from time to time in one or more transactions (or in any combination) at:
•a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;
•market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
•prices related to the prevailing market price; or
•negotiated prices.
For each type and series of securities offered, the applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the terms of the offering, including, without limitation:
•the public offering price;
•the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents and the amount of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them, if any;
•any delayed delivery arrangements;
•the proceeds from the sale of securities to us and the use of proceeds from the sale of the securities;
•any underwriting discounts, concessions, commissions, agency fees or other compensation payable to underwriters, dealers or agents;
•any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or repaid to dealers;
•estimated offering expenses; and
•the securities exchanges on which the securities will be listed, if any.
We may grant underwriters options to purchase additional securities at the public offering price, with additional underwriting commissions or discounts, as applicable, set forth in the prospectus supplement. The terms of any such option will be set forth in the prospectus supplement for those securities.
Underwriters or agents may make sales in privately negotiated transactions and/or any other method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an “at-the-market” offering as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, which includes sales made directly on Nasdaq, the existing trading market for our common stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange.
We may issue to our existing security holders, through a dividend or similar distribution, rights to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock, which may or may not be transferable. In any distribution of rights to our existing security holders, if all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may then sell the unsubscribed securities directly to third parties or may engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to facilitate the distribution of the unsubscribed securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of any offering of our common stock or preferred stock through the issuance of rights including, if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting agreement or purchase agreement.
Sales Through Underwriters, Dealers or Agents; Direct Sales
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If we use underwriters in any sale of securities offered under this prospectus, the underwriters will buy the securities for their own account, including through underwriting, purchase, security lending or repurchase agreements with us. The underwriters may then resell the securities in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale or thereafter. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities offered if they purchase any securities. The public offering price for the securities and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
If we use dealers in any sale of securities offered under this prospectus, the securities will be sold to such dealers as principals. The dealers may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by such dealers at the time of resale.
If agents are used in any sale of securities offered under this prospectus, they will use their reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of their appointment or to sell our securities on a continuing basis. If required, the prospectus supplement relating to any particular offering of securities will name any agents designated to solicit offers and will include information about any commissions they may be paid in that offering.
If securities offered under this prospectus are sold directly, no underwriters, dealers or agents would be involved.
We are not making an offer of securities in any state that does not permit such an offer. If we sell securities through dealers or agents, or directly, the terms of any such sales will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Delayed Delivery Contracts
We may authorize underwriters, dealers or agents to solicit offers from certain institutions whereby the institution contractually agrees to purchase the securities offered under this prospectus from us on a future date at a specific price. This type of contract may be made only with institutions that we specifically approve. Such institutions could include banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies and educational and charitable institutions. The underwriters, dealers or agents will not be responsible for the validity or performance of these contracts. The prospectus supplement relating to the contracts will set forth the price to be paid for offered securities pursuant to such contracts, the commission payable for solicitation of the contracts and the date or dates in the future for delivery of offered securities pursuant to the contracts.
Market Making, Stabilization and Other Transactions
Each issue of a new series of securities, other than issuances of our common stock, will not have an established trading market, except as indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we do not expect to list the offered securities on a securities exchange, except for our common stock, which is listed on Nasdaq. We can provide no assurance as to whether any of our securities will have a liquid trading market.
In order to facilitate the offering of any of the securities offered under this prospectus, the underwriters with respect to any such offering may, as described in the prospectus supplement and in accordance with applicable law, engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities or any other securities the prices of which may be used to determine payments on these securities. Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase the underlying security in the open market for the purpose of preventing or delaying a decline in the price of the securities. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Any of these activities may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our securities or preventing or delaying a
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decline in the market price of our securities. As a result, the market price of the securities may be higher than it otherwise would be in the absence of these transactions. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time, all as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Any person participating in the distribution of securities will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of transactions involving the securities offered under this prospectus. Furthermore, Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of such securities to engage in market-making activities with respect to the particular securities being distributed. All of the above may affect the marketability of the securities offered under this prospectus and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to such securities.
Derivative Transactions and Hedging
We, the underwriters or other agents engaged by us may engage in derivative transactions involving the securities. These derivatives may consist of short sale transactions and other hedging activities. The underwriters or agents may acquire a long or short position in the securities, hold or resell securities acquired and purchase options or futures on the securities and other derivative instruments with returns linked or related to changes in the price of the securities. In order to facilitate these derivative transactions, we may enter into security lending or repurchase agreements with the underwriters or agents. The underwriters or agents may effect the derivative transactions through sales of the securities to the public, including short sales, or by lending the securities in order to facilitate short sale transactions by others. The underwriters or agents may also use the securities purchased or borrowed from us or others (or, in the case of derivatives, securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives) to directly or indirectly settle sales of the securities or close out any related open borrowings of the securities.
General Information
We expect that any agreements we may have with underwriters, dealers and agents will include provisions indemnifying them against certain civil liabilities, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act, or providing for contribution with respect to payments that they may be required to make. An underwriter, dealer or agent, or any of their affiliates, may be a customer of, or otherwise engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
The specific terms of any lock-up provisions with respect to any given offering will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Under the securities laws of various states, the securities offered under this prospectus may be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in various states the securities offered under this prospectus may not be offered and sold unless such securities have been registered or qualified for sale in the state or an exemption from such registration or qualification is available. We are not making an offer of securities in any state that does not permit such an offer.
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LEGAL MATTERS
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, certain legal matters will be passed upon for us by Covington & Burling LLP, Boston, MA, and with respect to matters of Rhode Island law, Partridge Snow & Hahn LLP, Providence, RI. If legal matters are passed upon by counsel for the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, such counsel will be named in the prospectus supplement relating to such offering.
EXPERTS
Crowe LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited Washington Trust Bancorp. Inc.’s consolidated financial statements included in Washington Trust Bancorp Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, and the effectiveness of Washington Trust Bancorp Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, as set forth in their reports thereon, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement. Washington Trust Bancorp Inc.’s financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Crowe LLP’s reports given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
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$150,000,000
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Depositary Shares
Warrants
Purchase Contracts and Purchase Units
Subscription Rights
Units
WASHINGTON TRUST BANCORP, INC.
PROSPECTUS
, 2026
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the various expenses payable by us in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered hereby.
| Amount to be paid | |||||
| SEC Registration fee | $20,715 | ||||
| Legal fees and expenses | * | ||||
| Accounting fees and expenses | * | ||||
| Printing fees | * | ||||
| Trustee and depositary fees and expenses | * | ||||
| Blue sky fees and expenses | * | ||||
| Rating agency fees | * | ||||
| Listing fees and expenses | * | ||||
| Miscellaneous | * | ||||
| Total | * | ||||
* The fees and expenses are variable based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth an estimate of such expenses incurred in connection with securities to be offered and sold pursuant to this registration statement.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 7-1.2-814 of the Rhode Island Business Corporation Act, as amended, provides that a corporation generally has the power to indemnify directors, officers, employees and agents against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, to which such director, officer, employee or agent may be a party by reason of his being a director, officer, employee or agent, provided that such director, officer, employee or agent shall have acted in good faith and shall have reasonably believed (i) in the case of conduct in his or her official capacity with the corporation, that his or her conduct was in the corporation’s best interests, (ii) in all other cases, that his or her conduct was at least not opposed to its best interests, and (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
In accordance with Section 7-1.2-202 of the Rhode Island Business Corporation Act, Article Eleventh of the Corporation’s Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, provides that no director of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of such director’s fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its shareholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 7-1.2-811 of the Rhode Island Business Corporation Act, which relates to liability for unauthorized acquisitions or redemptions of, or dividends or distributions on, capital stock, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit (unless such transaction is permitted by Section 7-1.2-807 of the Rhode Island Business Corporation Act, which relates to director conflicts of interest).
The Corporation’s amended and restated by-laws provide for indemnification to the fullest extent permitted under the Rhode Island General Laws. Specifically, the Corporation’s amended and restated bylaws provide that such rights to indemnification are contractual rights, that the expenses incurred by a director shall be paid within ninety (90) days after the receipt by the Corporation of a written statement from such director requesting such advance, whether prior to or after final disposition of any proceeding, and that the expenses incurred by officers and non-officer employees may, at the discretion of the Corporation’s board of directors, be paid upon the receipt by the Corporation of a statement from such officer or non-officer requesting such advance, whether prior to or after final disposition of any proceeding; provided, that such person
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delivers a written affirmation of such person’s good faith belief that he or she has met the standard for indemnification required under such provisions.
In accordance with Section 7-1.2-814(i) of the Rhode Island Business Corporation Act, Section 8.09 of the Corporation’s amended and restated bylaws provide that the Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and its directors, officers, employees and agents against liabilities of any character asserted against or incurred by the Corporation or by them, including liabilities arising from their service to the Corporation, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify them against those liabilities under Rhode Island General Laws or the Corporation’s amended and restated by-laws. The Corporation has obtained insurance covering its directors and officers against losses and insuring the Corporation against certain of its obligations to indemnify its directors and officers.
Item 16. Exhibits.
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||
| 1.1 | Form of Underwriting Agreement.* | ||||
| 1.2 | Form of Distribution Agreement.* | ||||
| 4.4 | Form of Preferred Stock Certificate.* | ||||
| 4.5 | Form of Senior Debt Security.* | ||||
| 4.6 | Form of Subordinated Debt Security.* | ||||
| 4.7 | Form of Depositary Agreement and Certificate.* | ||||
| 4.8 | Form of Warrant Agreement and Certificate.* | ||||
| 4.9 | Form of Purchase Contract Agreement.* | ||||
| 4.10 | Form of Subscription Rights (including form of Subscription Rights Certificate).* | ||||
| 4.11 | Form of Unit Agreement and Unit Certificate.* | ||||
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Consent of Crowe LLP, with respect to the audited financial statements of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. | |||||
| 25.1 | Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, for the Senior Debt Indenture.** | ||||
| 25.2 | Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, for the Subordinated Debt Indenture.** | ||||
| * | To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a report filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and incorporated herein by reference. | ||||
| ** | To be filed separately pursuant to Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and the rules and regulations thereunder. | ||||
Item 17. Undertakings.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Filing Fee Tables” or “Calculation of Registration Fee” table, as applicable, in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by such undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(7) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has
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been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(8) To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and that it has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Westerly, Rhode Island, on the 7th day of August, 2026.
| WASHINGTON TRUST BANCORP, INC. | |||||
| By: | /s/ Edward O. Handy III | ||||
| Edward O. Handy III | |||||
| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
| By: | /s/ Ronald S. Ohsberg | ||||
| Ronald S. Ohsberg | |||||
| Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||
| By: | /s/ Maria N. Janes | ||||
| Maria N. Janes | |||||
| Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||
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POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that we, the undersigned officers and directors of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc., hereby severally constitute Edward O. Handy III and Ronald S. Ohsberg, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them, and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below and in such other capacities as the undersigned may from time to time serve in the future, the registration statement filed herewith and any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to said registration statement (or any registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), and generally to do all such things in our names and in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Edward O. Handy III | ||||||||||||||
| Edward O. Handy III | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Ronald S. Ohsberg | ||||||||||||||
| Ronald S. Ohsberg | Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Maria N. Janes | ||||||||||||||
| Maria N. Janes | Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Robert A. DiMuccio | ||||||||||||||
| Robert A. DiMuccio | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Joseph P. Gencarella | ||||||||||||||
| Joseph P. Gencarella | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Mark K. W. Gim | ||||||||||||||
| Mark K. W. Gim | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Sandra Parrillo | ||||||||||||||
| Sandra Parrillo | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Debra M. Paul | ||||||||||||||
| Debra M. Paul | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ John T. Ruggieri | ||||||||||||||
| John T. Ruggieri | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Edwin J. Santos | ||||||||||||||
| Edwin J. Santos | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Lisa M. Stanton | ||||||||||||||
| Lisa M. Stanton | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Angel Taveras | ||||||||||||||
| Angel Taveras | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Jeffrey M. Wilhelm | ||||||||||||||
| Jeffrey M. Wilhelm | Director | August 7, 2026 | ||||||||||||
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August 7, 2026 Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. 23 Broad Street Westerly, Rhode Island 02891 Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3 Ladies and Gentlemen: We have acted as special counsel to Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc., a Rhode Island corporation (the “Company”), in connection with its filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the registration of up to $150,000,000 of any combination of, among other things, (i) shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0625 per share (the “Common Stock”); (ii) shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”); (iii) one or more series of debt securities of the Company (the “Debt Securities”); (iv) depositary shares, representing a fractional interest in shares of Preferred Stock and evidenced by a depositary receipt (the “Depositary Shares”); (v) warrants to purchase Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock or any combination of these securities (the “Warrants”); and (vi) units composed of any combination of the foregoing (the “Units” and, collectively with the Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Debt Securities, and Warrants, the “Securities”). Securities may be issued in an unspecified number (with respect to Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Warrants, and Units) or in an unspecified principal amount (with respect to Debt Securities). The Registration Statement provides that the Securities may be offered separately or together, in separate series, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more prospectus supplements (each a “Prospectus Supplement”) to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement. We have not been involved in the preparation of the Registration Statement. We have been retained solely for the purposes of rendering certain opinions pursuant to Rhode Island law. We have reviewed the Company’s charter documents and the corporate proceedings taken by the Company as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinions set forth below. With respect to the foregoing documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as certified or reproduced copies. We have relied, without independent verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinion set forth below, on certificates of officers of the Company. The opinion set forth below is limited to the laws of the State of Rhode Island (without giving effect to choice of law principles).
Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. August 7, 2026 Page 2 For purposes of the opinion set forth below, without limiting any other exceptions or qualifications set forth herein, we have assumed that after the issuance of any Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement, (1) the total number of issued shares of Preferred Stock then outstanding, will not exceed the total number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock under the Company’s articles of incorporation as then in effect (the “Charter”), and (2) the total number of issued shares of Common Stock together with the total number of shares of such stock issuable upon the exercise, exchange, conversion or settlement, as the case may be, of any exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security (including, without limitation, any Preferred Stock, any Warrant or any Unit), as the case may be, then outstanding, will not exceed the total number of authorized shares of Common Stock under the Charter. For purposes of the opinions set forth below, we refer to the following as the “Future Authorization and Issuance” of Securities: • with respect to any of the Securities, (a) the authorization by the Company of the amount, terms and issuance of such Securities (the “Authorization”) and (b) the issuance of such Securities in accordance with the Authorization therefor upon the receipt by the Company of the consideration (which, in the case of shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock, is not less than the par value of such shares) to be paid therefor in accordance with the Authorization and that at such time all such Securities shall be deemed nonassessable; • with respect to Debt Securities, (a) the authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture or a supplemental indenture relating to such Securities by the Company and the trustee thereunder and/or (b) the establishment of the terms of such Debt Securities by the Company in conformity with the applicable indenture or supplemental indenture and applicable law, and (c) the execution, authentication and issuance of such Debt Securities in accordance with the applicable indenture or supplemental indenture and applicable law; and • with respect to Warrants or Units, (a) the authorization, execution and delivery by the Company and the other parties thereto of any agreement under which such Warrants or Units are to be issued and (b) the establishment of the terms of such Warrants or Units, and the execution and delivery of such Warrants or Units, in conformity with any applicable agreement under which such Warrants or Units are to be issued and applicable law. Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the additional qualifications set forth below, we are of the opinion that: 1. Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of shares of Common Stock, such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. August 7, 2026 Page 3 2. Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of shares of Preferred Stock, such shares of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. 3. Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of the Depositary Shares, such Depositary Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. 4. Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of Debt Securities, such Debt Securities will be valid and binding obligations of the Company. 5. Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of Warrants, such Warrants will be valid and binding obligations of the Company. 6. Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of Units, such Units will be valid and binding obligations of the Company. This opinion letter is rendered as of the date first written above and we disclaim any obligation to advise the Company of facts, circumstances, events or developments which hereafter may be brought to our attention and which may alter, affect or modify the opinion expressed herein. Our opinion is expressly limited to the matters set forth above and we render no opinion, whether by implication or otherwise, as to any other matters relating to the Registration Statement or the Securities. This opinion is being furnished to you for your submission to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the use and the name of our firm therein in the section entitled “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act. Very truly yours, PARTRIDGE SNOW & HAHN LLP BY: Jay Peabody (Aug 3, 2026 12:49:37 EDT) JAY R. PEABODY, PARTNER
August 7, 2026 Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. 23 Broad Street Westerly, Rhode Island 02891 Ladies and Gentlemen: We have acted as counsel to Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc., a Rhode Island corporation (the “Company”), and are rendering this opinion in connection with the registration by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), of the offer and sale by the Company from time to time of up to $150,000,000 or an equivalent foreign currency in aggregate amount of: (i) shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0625 per share (the “Common Stock”); (ii) shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”); (iii) one or more series of senior debt securities of the Company (the “Senior Debt Securities”), to be issued pursuant to a senior debt indenture in substantially the form filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Registration Statement (as defined below); (iv) one or more series of subordinated debt securities of the Company (the “Subordinated Debt Securities,” and, together with the Senior Debt Securities, the “Debt Securities”), to be issued pursuant to a subordinated debt indenture in substantially the form filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the Registration Statement; (v) depositary shares, representing an interest in fractional shares of Preferred Stock and evidenced by a depositary receipt (the “Depositary Shares”); (vi) warrants to purchase Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock or any combination of these securities (the “Warrants”); (vii) purchase contracts that will entitle the holder thereof to purchase or sell Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Debt Securities at a specified purchase price or at a purchase price determined by reference to a specific formula at a future date (the “Purchase Contracts”); (viii) purchase units, consisting of Purchase Contracts and any combination of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Depositary Shares, Warrants, or Subscription Rights (as defined below) or any combination of these securities securing the holder’s obligation to purchase the securities under the Purchase Contract (the “Purchase Units”); (ix) rights to subscribe to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or any combination of these securities (the “Subscription Rights”); and (x) units, comprised of two or more of the Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Depositary Shares, Warrants, Purchase Contracts, Purchase Units or Subscription Rights in any combination (the “Units,” and collectively with the Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Depositary Shares, Warrants, Purchase Contracts, Purchase Units and Subscription Rights, the “Securities”), pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on August 7, 2026 (the “Registration Statement”). We have reviewed: (i) the Registration Statement; and (ii) the forms of senior debt indenture and subordinated debt indenture filed as Exhibits 4.5 and 4.6, respectively, to the Registration Statement. We have also reviewed such corporate records, certificates and other documents, and such questions of law, as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this opinion. We have assumed that all signatures are genuine, that all documents submitted to us as originals are authentic and that all copies of documents submitted to us conform to the originals. We have assumed that, at the time of the issuance, sale and delivery of each issue of Securities: (i) the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the senior debt indenture and subordinated debt indenture each in the form of Exhibits 4.5 and 4.6, respectively, to the Registration Statement, and any supplement to such indenture (collectively, the “Indenture”), and any deposit agreement, deposit receipt, warrant agreement, purchase
Washington Trust Bancorp August 7, 2026 Page 2 contract agreement, purchase unit agreement, subscription agreement or subscription rights certificate, unit agreement, amendment to the articles of incorporation or other relevant governing instrument (collectively with the Indenture, the “Documents”), as applicable, and all actions necessary for the issuance of the applicable Securities, and the form and terms thereof, will comply with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound or any court or other governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company or otherwise; (ii) the Company will have duly authorized, executed and delivered any such Document and will have duly authorized the issuance of any such Securities, and none of such authorizations will have been modified or rescinded, and there will not have occurred any change in law affecting the validity, legally binding character or enforceability thereof; and (iii) the prospectus included in the Registration Statement will describe the Securities offered thereby or an appropriate prospectus supplement will have been prepared, delivered and filed in compliance with the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder and will describe the Securities offered thereby. We have also assumed that the Securities will be offered and sold in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the appropriate prospectus supplement. We have assumed further that the Documents (other than any amendment to the articles of incorporation) will be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of New York. With respect to any Document executed or to be executed by any party other than the Company, we have assumed that such party has, or will have, duly authorized, executed and delivered the Documents to which it is a party and that each such Document is, or will be, the valid and binding obligation of such party, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms. We have assumed further that the Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the law of the state of Rhode Island and has all requisite power, authority and legal right to issue and sell the Securities and to execute and deliver, and perform its obligations under, the Documents. With respect to all matters of Rhode Island law, we note that you are relying on an opinion of Partridge Snow & Hahn LLP, which is filed as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. We have assumed further that, except as to legal conclusions expressly set forth in this opinion, the information and representations and warranties contained in the agreements, instruments, records, certificates and other documents we reviewed were true, accurate and complete as of their stated date and are true, accurate and complete as of the date of this letter. We have relied as to certain matters on information obtained from public officials, officers of the Company, and other sources believed by us to be responsible. Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications set forth below, we are of the opinion that when, as and if: 1. With respect to any series of Debt Securities: (i) the Registration Statement and any required post- effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and all prospectus supplements required by applicable law have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) the Indenture (including any supplement thereto) has been duly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of the Company and a trustee qualified to act as such under applicable law (the “trustee”), and the Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939; (iii) all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize any necessary indenture supplement and the form, terms, execution and delivery of the Debt Securities in conformity with the Indenture; (iv) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and other regulatory authorities have been obtained; and (v) such Debt Securities have been duly executed by the Company and authenticated by the trustee in accordance with the Indenture, and have been duly issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with such corporate action and as contemplated in the Registration Statement and the prospectus supplement and any pricing supplement setting forth the terms of the Debt Securities and the plan of distribution, then, upon the happening of such events, such Debt Securities (including any Debt Securities to be issued by the Company upon the conversion or exercise of other Securities to be issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration
Washington Trust Bancorp August 7, 2026 Page 3 Statement), will constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles. 2. With respect to the Warrants: (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and all prospectus supplements required by applicable law have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize, execute and deliver a warrant agreement and to authorize the form, terms, execution and delivery of any Warrants and to fix or otherwise determine the consideration to be received for the Warrants and the terms of the offer and sale thereof; (iii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and other regulatory authorities have been obtained; (iv) any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock and any Debt Securities purchasable upon exercise of such Warrants, as applicable, have been duly and validly authorized and, in the case of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, reserved for issuance and sale; (v) the warrant agreement with respect to the Warrants has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the warrant agent; and (vi) the Warrants have been duly executed and delivered in accordance with the terms of any applicable warrant agreement, and have been duly issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement and the prospectus supplement setting forth the terms of the Warrants and the plan of distribution, then, upon the happening of such events, the Warrants will constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles. 3. With respect to the Purchase Contracts and Purchase Units: (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and all prospectus supplements required by applicable law have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize, execute and deliver a purchase contract agreement and/or a purchase unit agreement, as applicable, and to authorize the form, terms, execution and delivery of the Purchase Contracts or Purchase Units, as applicable, and to fix or otherwise determine the consideration to be received for the Purchase Contracts or Purchase Units, as applicable, and the terms of the offer and sale thereof; (iii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory authorities have been obtained; (iv) any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock or any Debt Securities to be issued pursuant to such Purchase Contracts or Purchase Units, as applicable, have been duly and validly authorized and, in the case of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, reserved for issuance and sale; (v) any necessary purchase contract agreement or purchase unit agreement, as applicable, has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and any other party thereto; and (vi) the Purchase Contracts or Purchase Units, as applicable, have been duly executed and delivered by the Company against payment therefor in accordance with any applicable purchase contract agreement or purchase unit agreement, and in accordance with such corporate action and applicable law and as contemplated in the Registration Statement and the prospectus supplement setting forth the terms of the Purchase Contracts or Purchase Units, as applicable, and the plan of distribution, then, upon the happening of such events, the Purchase Contracts or Purchase Units, as applicable, will constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles. 4. With respect to the Subscription Rights: (i) the Registration Statement and any required post- effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and all prospectus supplements required by applicable law have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize, execute and deliver a subscription agreement or subscription rights certificate and to authorize the form, terms, execution and delivery of the Subscription Rights and to fix or otherwise determine the consideration to be received for the Subscription Rights and the terms of the offer and sale thereof; (iii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory
Washington Trust Bancorp August 7, 2026 Page 4 authorities have been obtained; (iv) any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock or any Debt Securities purchasable upon exercise of such Subscription Rights, as applicable, have been duly and validly authorized and, in the case of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, reserved for issuance and sale; (v) the subscription agreement or subscription rights certificate, as applicable, has been duly authorized, executed, and delivered by the Company and any other party thereto; and (vi) the Subscription Rights have been duly executed and delivered by the Company against payment therefor in accordance with any applicable subscription agreement or subscription rights certificate, and in accordance with such corporate action and applicable law and as contemplated in the Registration Statement and the prospectus supplement setting forth the terms of the Subscription Rights and the plan of distribution, then, upon the happening of such events, the Subscription Rights will constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles. 5. With respect to the Units: (i) the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendments thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and all prospectus supplements required by applicable law have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (ii) all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize, execute and deliver a unit agreement and to authorize the form, terms, execution and delivery of the Units and the shares of Common Stock, shares of Preferred Stock or Securities underlying the Units, and the terms of the offer and sale thereof; (iii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory authorities have been obtained; (iv) any shares of Common Stock, shares of Preferred Stock, or Securities to be issued pursuant to such Units have been duly and validly authorized and, in the case of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, reserved for issuance and sale; (v) the unit agreement has been duly executed, and delivered by the Company and any other party thereto; and (vi) the Units and the other registered securities underlying the Units have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company against payment therefor in accordance with any applicable unit agreement, and in accordance with such corporate action and applicable law and as contemplated in the Registration Statement and the prospectus supplement setting forth the terms of the Units and the other registered securities underlying the Units and the plan of distribution, then, upon the happening of such events, the Units will constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles. The foregoing opinions are subject to the following qualifications: We express no opinion as to: (i) waivers of defenses, subrogation and related rights, rights to trial by jury, rights to object to venue, or other provisions, however expressed, altering or eliminating the rights, liabilities or benefits a party otherwise would have or bestowed by operation of law; (ii) releases or waivers of unmatured claims or rights; (iii) indemnification, contribution, exculpation, hold-harmless or arbitration provisions, disclaimers, or provisions for the non-survival of representations, to the extent they purport to indemnify any party against, or release or limit any party’s liability for, its own breach or failure to comply with statutory obligations, or to the extent such provisions are contrary to public policy; (iv) provisions for contribution, liquidated damages, penalties, forfeitures, penalty interest, interest on interest, and premiums payable upon acceleration of indebtedness; or (v) provisions purporting to supersede equitable principles, including provisions requiring amendments and waivers to be in writing and provisions making notices effective even if not actually received. Our opinions above are qualified to the extent that the enforcement of any Securities denominated in a currency other than United States dollars may be limited by requirements that a claim (or a foreign currency judgment in respect of such claim) be converted into United States dollars at a rate of exchange prevailing on a date determined pursuant to applicable law.
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. of our report dated February 24, 2026 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc., and our report dated the same date relative to the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2025, and to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in the prospectus.
/s/ Crowe LLP
Franklin, Tennessee
August 7th, 2026