Restaurant Brands International Inc 10-Q for FY2023 Q1
Restaurant Brands International Inc. (QSR)
10-Q
2023-05-02
For: 2023-03-31
View Original
Added on
April 12, 2026
About this 10-Q
Restaurant Brands International Inc filed this 10-Q on May 2, 2023, covering the quarter ended March 31, 2023 (FY2023 Q1).
Headline figures
Quarter ended March 31, 2023, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $1.59B
- up 9.6% from $1.45B a year earlier
- Net income
- $277M
- up 2.6% from net income of $270M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $0.61
- up 3.4% from $0.59 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-36786
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | ||||||||||
| Incorporation or Organization) | Identification No.) | ||||||||||
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||||||||
(905 ) 339-6011
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||||||||||||||
| Title of each class | Trading Symbols | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
| Toronto Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||||||||
Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 25, 2023, there were 311,251,592 common shares of the Registrant outstanding.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
3
PART I — Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except share data)
(Unaudited)
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance of $ | |||||||||||
| Inventories, net | |||||||||||
| Prepaids and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $ | |||||||||||
| Operating lease assets, net | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Net investment in property leased to franchisees | |||||||||||
| Other assets, net | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts and drafts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Gift card liability | |||||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt, net of current portion | |||||||||||
| Finance leases, net of current portion | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities, net | |||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes, net | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Common shares, | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total Restaurant Brands International Inc. shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising revenues and other services | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising expenses and other services | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Income) loss from equity method investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 12) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per common share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding (in millions): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net change in fair value of net investment hedges, net of tax of $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain (loss) recognized on other, net of tax of $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except shares and per share data)
(Unaudited)
| Issued Common Shares | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Noncontrolling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercises | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($ | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant VIE contributions (distributions) | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except shares and per share data)
(Unaudited)
| Issued Common Shares | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Noncontrolling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercises | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($ | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of RBI common shares | ( | ( | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant VIE contributions (distributions) | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at March 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount | |||||||||||
| (Income) loss from equity method investments | |||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions | ( | ||||||||||
| Net (gains) losses on derivatives | ( | ||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense | |||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions: | |||||||||||
| Accounts and notes receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Inventories and prepaids and other current assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accounts and drafts payable | ( | ||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities and gift card liability | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Tenant inducements paid to franchisees | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other long-term assets and liabilities | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Payments for property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings | |||||||||||
| Settlement/sale of derivatives, net | |||||||||||
| Other investing activities, net | |||||||||||
| Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Repayments of long-term debt and finance leases | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payment of dividends on common shares and distributions on Partnership exchangeable units | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Repurchase of common shares | ( | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from stock option exercises | |||||||||||
| (Payments) proceeds from derivatives | ( | ||||||||||
| Other financing activities, net | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental cash flow disclosures: | |||||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
8
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Description of Business and Organization
Restaurant Brands International Inc. (the “Company”, “RBI”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is a Canadian corporation that serves as the sole general partner of Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership (“Partnership”). We franchise and operate quick service restaurants serving premium coffee and other beverage and food products under the Tim Hortons® brand (“Tim Hortons” or “TH”), fast food hamburgers principally under the Burger King® brand (“Burger King” or “BK”), chicken principally under the Popeyes® brand (“Popeyes” or “PLK”) and sandwiches under the Firehouse Subs® brand (“Firehouse” or “FHS”). We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant, or QSR, companies as measured by total number of restaurants. As of March 31, 2023, we franchised or owned 5,620 Tim Hortons restaurants, 18,911 Burger King restaurants, 4,178 Popeyes restaurants and 1,247 Firehouse Subs restaurants, for a total of 29,956 restaurants, and operate in more than 100 countries. Approximately 100 % of current system-wide restaurants are franchised.
All references to “$” or “dollars” are to the currency of the United States unless otherwise indicated. All references to “Canadian dollars” or “C$” are to the currency of Canada unless otherwise indicated.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
We are the sole general partner of Partnership and, as such we have the exclusive right, power and authority to manage, control, administer and operate the business and affairs and to make decisions regarding the undertaking and business of Partnership, subject to the terms of the amended and restated limited partnership agreement of Partnership (the “partnership agreement”) and applicable laws. As a result, we consolidate the results of Partnership and record a noncontrolling interest in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations with respect to the remaining economic interest in Partnership we do not hold.
We also consider for consolidation entities in which we have certain interests, where the controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Such an entity, known as a variable interest entity (“VIE”), is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that possesses the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that are significant to it. Our maximum exposure to loss resulting from involvement with VIEs is attributable to accounts and notes receivable balances, outstanding loan guarantees and future lease payments, where applicable.
As our franchise and master franchise arrangements provide the franchise and master franchise entities the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance, we do not consider ourselves the primary beneficiary of any such entity that might be a VIE.
9
Tim Hortons has historically entered into certain arrangements in which an operator acquires the right to operate a restaurant, but Tim Hortons owns the restaurant’s assets. We perform an analysis to determine if the legal entity in which operations are conducted is a VIE and consolidate a VIE entity if we also determine Tim Hortons is the entity’s primary beneficiary (“Restaurant VIEs”). As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of 41
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the Financial Statements. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and related rules and regulations of the SEC requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable and accounts and drafts payable approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of these amounts.
Supplier Finance Programs
Our TH business includes individually negotiated contracts with suppliers, which include payment terms that range up to 120 days. A global financial institution offers a voluntary supply chain finance (“SCF”) program to certain TH vendors, which provides suppliers that elect to participate with the ability to elect early payment, which is discounted based on the payment terms and a rate based on RBI's credit rating, which may be beneficial to the vendor. Participation in the SCF program is at the sole discretion of the suppliers and financial institution and we are not a party to the arrangements between the suppliers and the financial institution. Our obligations to suppliers are not affected by the suppliers’ decisions to participate in the SCF program and our payment terms remain the same based on the original supplier invoicing terms and conditions. No guarantees are provided by us or any of our subsidiaries in connection with the SCF Program.
Our confirmed outstanding obligations under the SCF program at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaled $37 million and $47 million, respectively, and are classified as Accounts and drafts payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. All activity related to the obligations is classified as Cost of sales in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and presented within cash flows from operating activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Note 3. New Accounting Pronouncements
10
Note 4. Leases
Property revenues consist primarily of lease income from operating leases and earned income on direct financing leases and sales-type leases with franchisees as follows (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease income - operating leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minimum lease payments | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable lease payments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal - lease income from operating leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned income on direct financing and sales-type leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total property revenues | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Note 5. Revenue Recognition
| Contract Liabilities | ||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | |||||||
| Recognized during period and included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year | ( | |||||||
| Increase, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period | ||||||||
| Impact of foreign currency translation | ||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||
11
The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) on a consolidated basis as of March 31, 2023 (in millions):
| Contract liabilities expected to be recognized in | ||||||||||||||
| Remainder of 2023 | $ | |||||||||||||
| 2024 | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | |||||||||||||
Disaggregation of Total Revenues
The following tables disaggregate revenue by segment (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | BK | PLK | FHS | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royalties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise fees and other revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising revenues and other services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended March 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | BK | PLK | FHS | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royalties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise fees and other revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising revenues and other services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note 6. Earnings per Share
An economic interest in Partnership common equity is held by the holders of Class B exchangeable limited partnership units (the “Partnership exchangeable units”), which is reflected as a noncontrolling interest in our equity. See Note 12, Shareholders’ Equity.
Basic and diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. We apply the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive weighted average common shares represented by outstanding equity awards, unless the effect of their inclusion is anti-dilutive. The diluted earnings per share calculation assumes conversion of 100% of the Partnership exchangeable units under the “if converted” method. Accordingly, the numerator is also adjusted to include the earnings allocated to the holders of noncontrolling interests.
12
The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations (in millions, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common shareholders - basic | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income available to common shareholders and noncontrolling interests - diluted | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares - basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of noncontrolling interests for common shares (Note 12) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of other dilutive securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares - diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share (a) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share (a) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Anti-dilutive securities outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Earnings per share may not recalculate exactly as it is calculated based on unrounded numbers.
Note 7. Intangible Assets, net and Goodwill
Intangible assets, net and goodwill consist of the following (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net | Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Identifiable assets subject to amortization: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise agreements | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Favorable leases | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indefinite-lived intangible assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tim Hortons brand | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Burger King brand | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Popeyes brand | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Firehouse Subs brand | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tim Hortons segment | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burger King segment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Popeyes segment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Firehouse Subs segment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Note 8. Equity Method Investments
The aggregate carrying amounts of our equity method investments were $152 million and $167 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are included as a component of Other assets, net in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Except for the following equity method investments, no quoted market prices are available for our other equity method investments. The aggregate market value of our 15.1 % equity interest in Carrols Restaurant Group, Inc. based on the quoted market price on March 31, 2023 was approximately $21 million. The aggregate market value of our 9.4 % equity interest in BK Brasil Operação e Assessoria a Restaurantes S.A. based on the quoted market price on March 31, 2023 was approximately $24 million. The aggregate market value of our 4.2 % equity interest in TH International Limited based on the quoted market price on March 31, 2023 was approximately $28 million.
We have equity interests in entities that own or franchise Tim Hortons, Burger King and Popeyes restaurants. Sales, franchise and property revenues recognized from franchisees that are owned or franchised by entities in which we have an equity interest consist of the following (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from affiliates: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royalties | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising revenues and other services | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise fees and other revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $45 million and $42 million, respectively, of accounts receivable, net from our equity method investments which were recorded in Accounts and notes receivable, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
With respect to our TH business, the most significant equity method investment is our 50 % joint venture interest with The Wendy’s Company (the “TIMWEN Partnership”), which jointly holds real estate underlying Canadian combination restaurants. Distributions received from this joint venture were $2 million and $3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Associated with the TIMWEN Partnership, we recognized $4
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Note 9. Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities, net
Other accrued liabilities (current) and Other liabilities, net (noncurrent) consist of the following (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Current: | |||||||||||
| Dividend payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Interest payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Taxes payable | |||||||||||
| Deferred income | |||||||||||
| Accrued advertising expenses | |||||||||||
| Restructuring and other provisions | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Noncurrent: | |||||||||||
| Taxes payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Contract liabilities | |||||||||||
| Derivatives liabilities | |||||||||||
| Unfavorable leases | |||||||||||
| Accrued pension | |||||||||||
| Deferred income | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
Note 10. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Term Loan B | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Term Loan A | |||||||||||
| TH Facility and other | |||||||||||
| Less: unamortized deferred financing costs and deferred issue discount | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total debt, net | |||||||||||
| Less: current maturities of debt | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | $ | |||||||||
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Credit Facilities
Following the discontinuance of the US dollar LIBOR after June 30, 2023, the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) has decided to require the publication of a US dollar LIBOR using a synthetic methodology (“synthetic US dollar LIBOR”) until September 30, 2024. LIBOR is currently used under our Term Loan B facility.
Revolving Credit Facility
As of March 31, 2023, we had no amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), had $2 million of letters of credit issued against the Revolving Credit Facility, and our borrowing availability under our Revolving Credit Facility was $998 million. Funds available under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used to repay other debt, finance debt or equity repurchases, fund acquisitions or capital expenditures and for other general corporate purposes. We have a $125 million letter of credit sublimit as part of the Revolving Credit Facility, which reduces our borrowing availability thereunder by the cumulative amount of outstanding letters of credit.
TH Facility
RE Facility
Restrictions and Covenants
As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all applicable financial debt covenants under our senior secured term loan facilities and Revolving Credit Facility (together the "Credit Facilities"), the TH Facility, the RE Facility, and the indentures governing our Senior Notes.
Fair Value Measurement
| As of | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Fair value of our variable term debt and senior notes | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Principal carrying amount of our variable term debt and senior notes | |||||||||||
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Interest Expense, net
Interest expense, net consists of the following (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt (a) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Amount includes $15 million and $11 million benefit during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the quarterly net settlements of our cross-currency rate swaps and amortization of the Excluded Component as defined in Note 13, Derivative Instruments.
Note 11. Income Taxes
Note 12. Shareholders’ Equity
Noncontrolling Interests
The holders of Partnership exchangeable units held an economic interest of approximately 31.2 % and 31.8 % in Partnership common equity through the ownership of 140,782,568 and 142,996,640 Partnership exchangeable units as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, Partnership exchanged 2,214,072 Partnership exchangeable units, pursuant to exchange notices received. In accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement, Partnership satisfied the exchange notices by exchanging these Partnership exchangeable units for the same number of newly issued RBI common shares. The exchanges represented increases in our ownership interest in Partnership and were accounted for as equity transactions, with no gain or loss recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. Pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement, upon the exchange of Partnership exchangeable units, each such Partnership exchangeable unit is automatically deemed cancelled concurrently with the exchange.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table displays the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) (in millions):
| Derivatives | Pensions | Foreign Currency Translation | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
Note 13. Derivative Instruments
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We enter into derivative instruments for risk management purposes, including derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and derivatives designated as net investment hedges. We use derivatives to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Swaps
At March 31, 2023, we had outstanding receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $3,500 million to hedge the variability in the interest payments on a portion of our senior secured term loan facilities (the “Term Loan Facilities”), including any subsequent refinancing or replacement of the Term Loan Facilities, beginning August 31, 2021 through the termination date of October 31, 2028. Additionally, at March 31, 2023, we also had outstanding receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $500 million to hedge the variability in the interest payments on a portion of our Term Loan Facilities effective September 30, 2019 through the termination date of September 30, 2026. At inception, all of these interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges for hedge accounting. The unrealized changes in market value are recorded in AOCI, net of tax, and reclassified into interest expense during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The net amount of pre-tax gains in connection with these net unrealized gains in AOCI as of March 31, 2023 that we expect to be reclassified into interest expense within the next 12 months is $84 million.
Cross-Currency Rate Swaps
To protect the value of our investments in our foreign operations against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we hedge a portion of our net investment in one or more of our foreign subsidiaries by using cross-currency rate swaps. At March 31, 2023, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swap contracts between the Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar and the Euro and U.S. dollar that have been designated as net investment hedges of a portion of our equity in foreign operations in those currencies. The component of the gains and losses on our net investment in these designated foreign operations driven by changes in foreign exchange rates are economically partly offset by movements in the fair value of our cross-currency swap contracts. The fair value of the swaps is calculated each period with changes in fair value reported in AOCI, net of tax. Such amounts will remain in AOCI until the complete or substantially complete liquidation of our investment in the underlying foreign operations.
At March 31, 2023, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swaps that we entered into during 2022 to partially hedge the net investment in our Canadian subsidiaries. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as net investment hedges. These swaps are contracts in which we receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional amount of $5,000 million through the maturity date of September 30, 2028.
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At March 31, 2023, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swaps in which we pay quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the Euro notional value of €1,108 million and receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional value of $1,200 million. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as a net investment hedge. During 2018, we extended the term of the swaps from March 31, 2021 to the maturity date of February 17, 2024. The extension of the term resulted in a re-designation of the hedge and the swaps continue to be accounted for as a net investment hedge. Additionally, at March 31, 2023, we also had outstanding cross-currency rate swaps in which we receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional value of $400 million, entered during 2018, and $500 million, entered during 2019, through the maturity date of February 17, 2024 and $150 million, entered during 2021, through the maturity date of October 31, 2028. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as a net investment hedge.
The fixed-to-fixed cross-currency rate swaps hedging Canadian dollar and Euro net investments utilized the forward method of effectiveness assessment prior to March 15, 2018. On March 15, 2018, we de-designated and subsequently re-designated the outstanding fixed to fixed cross-currency rate swaps to prospectively use the spot method of hedge effectiveness assessment. Additionally, as a result of adopting new hedge accounting guidance during 2018, we elected to exclude the interest component (the “Excluded Component”) from the accounting hedge without affecting net investment hedge accounting and elected to amortize the Excluded Component over the life of the derivative instrument. The amortization of the Excluded Component is recognized in Interest expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The change in fair value that is not related to the Excluded Component is recorded in AOCI and will be reclassified to earnings when the foreign subsidiaries are sold or substantially liquidated.
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
We use foreign exchange derivative instruments to manage the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on U.S. dollar purchases and payments, such as coffee purchases made by our Canadian Tim Hortons operations. At March 31, 2023, we had outstanding forward currency contracts to manage this risk in which we sell Canadian dollars and buy U.S. dollars with a notional value of $205 million with maturities to May 2024. We have designated these instruments as cash flow hedges, and as such, the unrealized changes in market value of effective hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
Credit Risk
By entering into derivative contracts, we are exposed to counterparty credit risk. Counterparty credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is in an asset position, the counterparty has a liability to us, which creates credit risk for us. We attempt to minimize this risk by selecting counterparties with investment grade credit ratings and regularly monitoring our market position with each counterparty.
Credit-Risk Related Contingent Features
Our derivative instruments do not contain any credit-risk related contingent features.
Quantitative Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the required quantitative disclosures for our derivative instruments, including their estimated fair values (all estimated using Level 2 inputs) and their location on our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
| Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward-currency contracts | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency rate swaps | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) We did not exclude any components from the cash flow hedge relationships presented in this table.
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| Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings | Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | Interest expense, net | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward-currency contracts | Cost of sales | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings | Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency rate swaps | Interest expense, net | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value as of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | Balance Sheet Location | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate | $ | $ | Other assets, net | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | Prepaids and other current assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | Other assets, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at fair value | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | $ | $ | Other accrued liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | Other liabilities, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities at fair value | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Note 14. Other Operating Expenses (Income), net
Other operating expenses (income), net consists of the following (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings represent sales of properties and other costs related to restaurant closures and refranchisings. Gains and losses recognized in the current period may reflect certain costs related to closures and refranchisings that occurred in previous periods.
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange is primarily related to revaluation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities, primarily those denominated in Euros and Canadian dollars.
Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business relating to matters including, but not limited to, disputes with franchisees, suppliers, employees and customers, as well as disputes over our intellectual property.
On October 5, 2018, a class action complaint was filed against Burger King Worldwide, Inc. (“BKW”) and Burger King Company, successor in interest, (“BKC”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Jarvis Arrington, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On October 18, 2018, a second class action complaint was filed against RBI, BKW and BKC in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Monique Michel, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On October 31, 2018, a third class action complaint was filed against BKC and BKW in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Geneva Blanchard and Tiffany Miller, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On November 2, 2018, a fourth class action complaint was filed against RBI, BKW and BKC in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Sandra Munster, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. These complaints have been consolidated and allege that the defendants violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act by incorporating an employee no-solicitation and no-hiring clause in the standard form franchise agreement all Burger King franchisees are required to sign. Each plaintiff seeks injunctive relief and damages for himself or herself and other members of the class. On March 24, 2020, the Court granted BKC’s motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim and on April 20, 2020 the plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to amend their complaint. On April 27, 2020, BKC filed a motion opposing the motion for leave to amend. The court denied the plaintiffs motion for leave to amend their complaint in August 2020 and the plaintiffs appealed this ruling. In August 2022, the federal appellate court reversed the lower court's decision to dismiss the case and remanded the case to the lower court for further proceedings. While we currently believe these claims are without merit, we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of this case or estimate the range of possible loss, if any.
On October 26, 2020, City of Warwick Municipal Employees Pension Fund, a purported stockholder of RBI, individually and putatively on behalf of all other stockholders similarly situated, filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York County of New York naming RBI and certain of our officers, directors and shareholders as defendants alleging violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in connection with certain offerings of securities by an affiliate in August and September 2019. The complaint alleges that the shelf registration statement used in connection with such offering contained certain false and/or misleading statements or omissions. The complaint seeks, among other relief, class certification of the lawsuit, unspecified compensatory damages, rescission, pre-judgement and post-judgement interest, costs and expenses. On December 18, 2020 the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint and on February 16, 2021 RBI filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. The plaintiffs filed a brief in opposition to the motion on April 19, 2021 and RBI filed a reply in May 2021. The motion to dismiss was heard in April 2022 and the motion to dismiss was denied in May 2022. On June 6, 2022, we filed an answer to the complaint and on July 8, 2022, we filed an appeal of the denial of the motion to dismiss. On November 10, 2022, the appellate division reversed the trial court and ordered that the complaint be dismissed. Plaintiffs moved for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeals of the State of New York, which RBI opposed, and on March 21, 2023, the Court of Appeals denied leave to appeal. As that decision is now final in the New York courts, we do not anticipate any further proceedings in this matter.
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Note 16. Segment Reporting
As stated in Note 1, Description of Business and Organization, we manage four brands. Under the Tim Hortons brand, we operate in the donut/coffee/tea category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Burger King brand, we operate in the fast food hamburger restaurant category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Popeyes brand, we operate in the chicken category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Under the Firehouse Subs brand, we operate in the specialty subs category of the quick service segment of the restaurant industry. Our business generates revenue from the following sources: (i) sales, consisting primarily of supply chain sales, which represent sales of products, supplies and restaurant equipment to franchisees, as well as sales to retailers and sales at restaurants owned by us (“Company restaurants”); (ii) franchise revenues, consisting primarily of royalties based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants and franchise fees paid by franchisees; (iii) property revenues from properties we lease or sublease to franchisees; and (iv) advertising revenues and other services, consisting primarily of advertising fund contributions based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants. We manage each of our brands as an operating segment and each operating segment represents a reportable segment.
The following tables present revenues, by segment and by country (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues by operating segment: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues by country (a): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Only Canada and the United States represented 10
Our measure of segment income is Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings (net income or loss) before interest expense, net, loss on early extinguishment of debt, income tax (benefit) expense, and depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude (i) the non-cash impact of share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, (ii) (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, (iii) other operating expenses (income), net and, (iv) income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities. For the periods referenced, income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities included (i) non-recurring fees and expense incurred in connection with the Firehouse Acquisition consisting of professional fees, compensation-related expenses and integration costs (“FHS Transaction costs”); and (ii) non-operating costs from professional advisory and consulting services associated with certain transformational corporate restructuring initiatives that rationalize our structure and optimize cash movements, including services related to significant tax reform legislation, regulations and related restructuring initiatives (“Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees”).
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Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of our operating performance. A reconciliation of segment income to net income consists of the following (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHS Transaction costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of equity method investments (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Note 17. Subsequent Events
Dividends
On April 5, 2023, we paid a cash dividend of $0.55 per common share to common shareholders of record on March 22, 2023. On such date, Partnership also made a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $0.55 per exchangeable unit to holders of record on March 22, 2023.
*****
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this report.
The following discussion includes information regarding future financial performance and plans, targets, aspirations, expectations, and objectives of management, which constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws as described in further detail under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” set forth below. Actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Please refer to the risks and further discussion in the “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below.
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”). However, this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations also contains certain non-GAAP financial measures to assist readers in understanding our performance. Non-GAAP financial measures either exclude or include amounts that are not reflected in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, we have provided the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, a reconciliation to GAAP measures and a discussion of the reasons why management believes this information is useful to it and may be useful to investors.
Operating results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for the fiscal year and our key business measures, as discussed below, may decrease for any future period. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “RBI”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our” are to Restaurant Brands International Inc. and its subsidiaries, collectively and all references in this section to “Partnership” are to Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership and its subsidiaries, collectively.
Overview
We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant (“QSR”) companies with over $35 billion in annual system-wide sales and approximately 30,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries as of March 31, 2023. Our Tim Hortons®, Burger King®, Popeyes®, and Firehouse Subs® brands have similar franchised business models with complementary daypart mixes and product platforms. Our four iconic brands are managed independently while benefiting from global scale and sharing of best practices.
Tim Hortons restaurants are quick service restaurants with a menu that includes premium blend coffees, hot and cold specialty drinks, alongside breakfast sandwiches, fresh baked goods, muffins, cookies and pastries, sandwiches, bowls, wraps, soups and more. Burger King restaurants are quick service restaurants that feature flame-grilled hamburgers, chicken, and other specialty sandwiches, french fries, soft drinks, and other affordably-priced food items. Popeyes restaurants are quick service restaurants featuring a unique “Louisiana” style menu that includes bone in fried chicken, chicken sandwiches, chicken tenders, fried shrimp and other regional items. Firehouse Subs restaurants are quick service restaurants featuring hot and hearty subs piled high with quality meats and cheese as well as chopped salads, chili and soups, signature and other sides, soft drinks and local specialties.
We have four operating and reportable segments: (1) Tim Hortons (“TH”); (2) Burger King (“BK”); (3) Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen (“PLK”); and (4) Firehouse Subs (“FHS”). Our business generates revenue from the following sources: (i) sales, consisting primarily of supply chain sales, which represent sales of products, supplies and restaurant equipment to franchisees, as well as sales to retailers and sales at restaurants owned by us (“Company restaurants”); (ii) franchise revenues, consisting primarily of royalties based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants and franchise fees paid by franchisees; (iii) property revenues from properties we lease or sublease to franchisees; and (iv) advertising revenues and other services, consisting primarily of advertising fund contributions based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants.
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Operating Metrics
We evaluate our restaurants and assess our business based on the following operating metrics:
•System-wide sales growth refers to the percentage change in sales at all franchise restaurants and Company restaurants (referred to as system-wide sales) in one period from the same period in the prior year.
•Comparable sales refers to the percentage change in restaurant sales in one period from the same prior year period for restaurants that have been open for 13 months or longer for TH, BK and FHS and 17 months or longer for PLK. Additionally, if a restaurant is closed for a significant portion of a month, the restaurant is excluded from the monthly comparable sales calculation.
•System-wide sales growth and comparable sales are measured on a constant currency basis, which means the results exclude the effect of foreign currency translation (“FX Impact”). For system-wide sales growth and comparable sales, we calculate the FX Impact by translating prior year results at current year monthly average exchange rates.
•Unless otherwise stated, system-wide sales growth, system-wide sales and comparable sales are presented on a system-wide basis, which means they include franchise restaurants and Company restaurants. System-wide results are driven by our franchise restaurants, as approximately 100% of system-wide restaurants are franchised. Franchise sales represent sales at all franchise restaurants and are revenues to our franchisees. We do not record franchise sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues and advertising fund contributions are calculated based on a percentage of franchise sales.
•Net restaurant growth refers to the net increase in restaurant count (openings, net of permanent closures) over a trailing twelve month period, divided by the restaurant count at the beginning of the trailing twelve month period.
These metrics are important indicators of the overall direction of our business, including trends in sales and the effectiveness of each brand’s marketing, operations and growth initiatives.
In our 2022 financial reports, our key business metrics included results from our franchised Burger King restaurants in Russia, with supplemental disclosure provided excluding these restaurants. We did not generate any new profits from restaurants in Russia in 2022 and do not expect to generate any new profits in 2023. Consequently, beginning in the first quarter of 2023, our reported key business metrics exclude the results from Russia for all periods presented.
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| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key Business Metrics | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| System-wide sales growth | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | 17.9 | % | 12.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 14.3 | % | 16.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 14.4 | % | 4.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHS | 7.5 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated (a) | 14.7 | % | 13.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHS (b) | N/A | 7.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| System-wide sales (in US$ millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | 1,731 | $ | 1,556 | |||||||||||||||||||
| BK | $ | 6,241 | $ | 5,647 | |||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | $ | 1,568 | $ | 1,383 | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHS | $ | 292 | $ | 272 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | $ | 9,832 | $ | 8,858 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comparable sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | 13.8 | % | 8.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 10.8 | % | 9.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 5.6 | % | (3.0) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHS | 6.1 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated (a) | 10.3 | % | 7.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHS (b) | N/A | 4.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| As of March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net restaurant growth | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | 5.6 | % | 6.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 2.5 | % | 2.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 10.8 | % | 7.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHS | 2.3 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated (a) | 4.2 | % | 4.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHS (b) | N/A | 1.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant count | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | 5,620 | 5,320 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 18,911 | 18,446 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 4,178 | 3,771 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FHS | 1,247 | 1,219 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 29,956 | 28,756 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Consolidated system-wide sales growth, consolidated comparable sales and consolidated net restaurant growth do not include the results of Firehouse Subs for 2022.
(b) 2022 Firehouse Subs growth figures are shown for informational purposes only.
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Macro Economic Environment
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were increases in commodity, labor, and energy costs partially due to the macroeconomic impact of both the War in Ukraine and COVID-19. Further significant increases in inflation could affect the global, Canadian and U.S. economies, resulting in foreign exchange volatility and rising interest rates which could have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations if we and our franchisees are not able to adjust prices sufficiently to offset the effect of cost increases without negatively impacting consumer demand.
In addition, the global crisis resulting from the spread of COVID-19 impacted our restaurant operations during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Certain markets, including Canada and China, were significantly impacted as a result of governments mandated lockdowns. The lockdowns, which have since been lifted, resulted in restrictions to restaurant operations, such as reduced, if any, dine-in capacity, and/or restrictions on hours of operation in those markets.
Sustainability
In September 2021, we announced targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030 versus a 2019 baseline, as approved by the Science Based Targets initiative, as well as a commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. While most of the impact is from scope 3 emissions that are not under our direct control, reaching these targets will require us to devote resources to support changes by suppliers and franchisees.
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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Tabular amounts in millions of U.S. dollars unless noted otherwise. Total revenues for each segment and segment income may not calculate exactly due to rounding.
| Consolidated | Three Months Ended March 31, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 668 | $ | 609 | $ | 59 | $ | (32) | $ | 91 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | 668 | 615 | 53 | (21) | 74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising revenues and other services | 254 | 227 | 27 | (3) | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,590 | 1,451 | 139 | (56) | 195 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 550 | 494 | (56) | 25 | (81) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | 123 | 130 | 7 | 5 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising expenses and other services | 271 | 247 | (24) | 4 | (28) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 175 | 133 | (42) | 3 | (45) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Income) loss from equity method investments | 7 | 13 | 6 | — | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | 17 | (16) | (33) | 29 | (62) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | 1,143 | 1,001 | (142) | 66 | (208) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 447 | 450 | (3) | 10 | (13) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 142 | 127 | (15) | — | (15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 305 | 323 | (18) | 10 | (28) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 28 | 53 | 25 | 1 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 277 | $ | 270 | $ | 7 | $ | 11 | $ | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)We calculate the FX Impact by translating prior year results at current year monthly average exchange rates. We analyze these results on a constant currency basis as this helps identify underlying business trends, without distortion from the effects of currency movements.
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| TH Segment | Three Months Ended March 31, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 618 | $ | 566 | $ | 52 | $ | (32) | $ | 84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | 220 | 206 | 14 | (12) | 26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising revenues and other services | 62 | 57 | 5 | (3) | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 900 | 829 | 71 | (47) | 118 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 505 | 453 | (52) | 25 | (77) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | 79 | 81 | 2 | 5 | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising expenses and other services | 65 | 67 | 2 | 4 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment G&A | 29 | 29 | — | 1 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization (b) | 25 | 29 | 4 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income (c) | 251 | 231 | 20 | (13) | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(b)Segment depreciation and amortization consists of depreciation and amortization included in cost of sales, franchise and property expenses and advertising expenses and other services.
(c)TH segment income includes $3 million of cash distributions received from equity method investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
| BK Segment | Three Months Ended March 31, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 19 | $ | 16 | $ | 3 | $ | — | $ | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | 344 | 318 | 26 | (8) | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising revenues and other services | 121 | 109 | 12 | — | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 484 | 443 | 41 | (8) | 49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 17 | 17 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | 40 | 45 | 5 | — | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising expenses and other services | 135 | 119 | (16) | — | (16) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment G&A | 48 | 45 | (3) | 1 | (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization (b) | 12 | 12 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income | 256 | 229 | 27 | (7) | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK Segment | Three Months Ended March 31, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 21 | $ | 17 | $ | 4 | $ | — | $ | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | 80 | 71 | 9 | (1) | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising revenues and other services | 66 | 60 | 6 | — | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 168 | 148 | 20 | (1) | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 19 | 16 | (3) | — | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising expenses and other services | 67 | 61 | (6) | — | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment G&A | 15 | 15 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization (b) | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income | 66 | 56 | 10 | (1) | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| FHS Segment | Three Months Ended March 31, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 10 | $ | 10 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | 23 | 20 | 3 | — | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising revenues and other services | 4 | 1 | 3 | — | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 37 | 31 | 6 | — | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 8 | 8 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising expenses and other services | 5 | — | (5) | — | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment G&A | 8 | 8 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income | 15 | 14 | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
System-wide Sales
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in TH system-wide sales of 17.9% was primarily driven by comparable sales of 13.8%, including Canada comparable sales of 15.5%, and net restaurant growth of 5.6%.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in BK system-wide sales of 14.3% was primarily driven by comparable sales of 10.8%, including rest of the world comparable sales of 12.3% and U.S. comparable sales of 8.7%, and net restaurant growth of 2.5%.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in PLK system-wide sales of 14.4% was primarily driven by net restaurant growth of 10.8% and comparable sales of 5.6%, including U.S. comparable sales of 3.4%.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in FHS system-wide sales of 7.5% was primarily driven by comparable sales of 6.1%, including U.S. comparable sales of 6.7%, and net restaurant growth of 2.3%.
Sales and Cost of Sales
Sales include TH supply chain sales and sales from Company restaurants. TH supply chain sales represent sales of products, supplies and restaurant equipment, as well as sales to retailers. Sales from Company restaurants represent restaurant-level sales to our guests.
Cost of sales includes costs associated with the management of our TH supply chain, including cost of goods, direct labor and depreciation, as well as the cost of products sold to retailers. Cost of sales also includes food, paper and labor costs of Company restaurants.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in sales was driven by an increase of $84 million in our TH segment, an increase of $4 million in our PLK segment, and an increase of $3 million in our BK segment, partially offset by an unfavorable FX Impact of $32 million. The increase in our TH segment was primarily driven by an increase in supply chain sales due to an increase in system-wide sales as well as increases in commodity prices passed on to franchisees and an increase in sales to retailers.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in cost of sales was driven by an increase of $77 million in our TH segment, and an increase of $3 million in our PLK segment, partially offset by a favorable FX Impact of $25 million. The increase in our TH segment was primarily driven by an increase in supply chain sales, increases in commodity prices and an increase in sales to retailers.
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Franchise and Property
Franchise and property revenues consist primarily of royalties earned on franchise sales, rents from real estate leased or subleased to franchisees, franchise fees, and other revenue. Franchise and property expenses consist primarily of depreciation of properties leased to franchisees, rental expense associated with properties subleased to franchisees, amortization of franchise agreements, and bad debt expense (recoveries).
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in franchise and property revenues was driven by an increase of $34 million in our BK segment, an increase of $26 million in our TH segment, an increase of $10 million in our PLK segment, and an increase of $3 million in our FHS segment, partially offset by an unfavorable FX Impact of $21 million. The increases were primarily driven by increases in royalties in all of our segments and increases in rent in our TH segment, as a result of increases in system-wide sales.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the decrease in franchise and property expenses was driven by a decrease of $5 million in our BK segment and a favorable FX impact of $5 million, partially offset by an increase of $3 million in our TH segment. The decrease in our BK segment was primarily related to a decrease in bad debt expense in the current year.
Advertising and Other Services
Advertising revenues and other services consist primarily of advertising contributions earned on franchise sales and are based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants and intended to fund advertising expenses. This line item also includes other services which consist primarily of fees from digital sales that partially offset expenses related to technology initiatives. Advertising expenses and other services consist primarily of expenses relating to marketing, advertising and promotion, including market research, production, advertising costs, sales promotions, social media campaigns, technology initiatives, depreciation and amortization and other related support functions for the respective brands. We generally manage advertising expenses to equal advertising revenues in the long term, however in some periods there may be a mismatch in the timing of revenues and expense or higher expenses due to our support initiatives behind the marketing programs.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in advertising revenues and other services was driven by an increase of $12 million in our BK segment, an increase of $8 million in our TH segment, an increase of $6 million in our PLK segment, and an increase of $3 million in our FHS segment, partially offset by an unfavorable FX Impact of $3 million. The increases in our TH, BK and PLK segments were primarily driven by increases in system-wide sales. Increases in our FHS segment reflect our ongoing process to align the advertising fund arrangements to be more consistent with those of our other brands.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in advertising expenses and other services was driven by an increase of $16 million in our BK segment, an increase of $6 million in our PLK segment, an increase of $5 million in our FHS segment, and an increase of $2 million in our TH segment, partially offset by a favorable FX Impact of $4 million. The increases in our BK and PLK segments were driven primarily by increases in advertising revenues and other services. Additionally, our BK segment reflects our support behind the marketing program in the U.S. and an increase in expenses related to technology initiatives. Increases in our FHS segment reflect our ongoing process to align the advertising fund arrangements to be more consistent with those of our other brands.
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General and Administrative Expenses
Our general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment G&A: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | 29 | $ | 29 | $ | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 48 | 45 | (3) | (7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 15 | 15 | — | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHS | 8 | 8 | — | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense | 45 | 27 | (18) | (67) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 6 | 5 | (1) | (20) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHS Transaction costs | 19 | 1 | (18) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees | 5 | 3 | (2) | (67) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | $ | 175 | $ | 133 | $ | (42) | (32) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NM - not meaningful
Segment general and administrative expenses (“Segment G&A”) consist primarily of salary and employee-related costs for non-restaurant employees, professional fees, information technology systems, and general overhead for our corporate offices. Segment G&A excludes share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, FHS Transaction costs and Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, Segment G&A for each of our segments was relatively consistent with the prior year.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the increase in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense was primarily due to an increase in equity awards granted during 2023 and 2022, including equity awards granted to our executive chairman during the fourth quarter of 2022, and increases in expense related to previously granted performance-based equity awards. In addition, the increase in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense was also impacted by shorter vesting periods for equity awards granted beginning in 2021.
In connection with the Firehouse Subs acquisition, we incurred certain non-recurring fees and expenses (“FHS Transaction costs”) consisting of professional fees, compensation related expenses and integration costs. We do not expect to incur additional FHS Transaction costs during the remainder of 2023.
In connection with certain transformational corporate restructuring initiatives that rationalize our structure and optimize cash movement within our structure, including services related to significant tax reform legislation, regulations and related restructuring initiatives, we incurred non-operating expenses primarily from professional advisory and consulting services (“Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees”). We expect to incur additional Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees during the remainder of 2023.
(Income) Loss from Equity Method Investments
(Income) loss from equity method investments reflects our share of investee net income or loss and non-cash dilution gains or losses from changes in our ownership interests in equity method investees.
The change in (income) loss from equity method investments during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily driven by a decrease in equity method investment net losses that we recognized during the current year.
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Other Operating Expenses (Income), net
Our other operating expenses (income), net consisted of the following:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings | $ | (2) | $ | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange | 8 | (21) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | 10 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | $ | 17 | $ | (16) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings represent sales of properties and other costs related to restaurant closures and refranchisings. Gains and losses recognized in the current period may reflect certain costs related to closures and refranchisings that occurred in previous periods.
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange is primarily related to revaluation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities, primarily those denominated in Euros and Canadian dollars.
Other, net for 2023 is primarily related to payments in connection with FHS area representative buyouts.
Interest Expense, net
Our interest expense, net and the weighted average interest rate on our long-term debt were as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | $ | 142 | $ | 127 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate on long-term debt | 4.9 | % | 4.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, interest expense, net increased primarily due to an increase in the weighted average interest rate driven by increases in interest rates.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective tax rate was 9.1% and 16.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was favorably impacted by structural changes implemented in the latter part of 2022, changes to the relative mix of our income from multiple tax jurisdictions and higher excess tax benefits from equity-based compensation. There may continue to be some quarter-to-quarter volatility of our effective tax rate as our mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions and related income forecasts change due to recent macroeconomic events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and higher levels of inflation.
Net Income
We reported net income of $277 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to net income of $270 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in net income is primarily due to a $27 million increase in BK segment income, a $25 million decrease in income tax expense, a $20 million increase in TH segment income, a $10 million increase in PLK segment income, a $7 million favorable change from the impact of equity method investments, a $3 million decrease in depreciation and amortization, and a $1 million increase in FHS segment income. These factors were partially offset by a $33 million unfavorable change in the results from other operating expenses (income), net, an $18 million increase in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, an $18 million increase in FHS transaction costs, a $15 million increase in interest expense, net, and a $2 million increase in Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees. Amounts above include a total favorable FX Impact to net income of $11 million.
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Non-GAAP Reconciliations
The table below contains information regarding EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, which are non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures do not have a standardized meaning under U.S. GAAP and may differ from similar captioned measures of other companies in our industry. We believe that these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors in assessing our operating performance, as they provide them with the same tools that management uses to evaluate our performance and are responsive to questions we receive from both investors and analysts. By disclosing these non-GAAP measures, we intend to provide investors with a consistent comparison of our operating results and trends for the periods presented. EBITDA is defined as earnings (net income or loss) before interest expense, net, loss on early extinguishment of debt, income tax (benefit) expense, and depreciation and amortization and is used by management to measure operating performance of the business. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA excluding (i) the non-cash impact of share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, (ii) (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, (iii) other operating expenses (income), net and, (iv) income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities. For the periods referenced, income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities included (i) non-recurring fees and expense incurred in connection with the Firehouse Acquisition consisting of professional fees, compensation related expenses and integration costs; and (ii) non-operating costs from professional advisory and consulting services associated with certain transformational corporate restructuring initiatives that rationalize our structure and optimize cash movements, including services related to significant tax reform legislation, regulations and related restructuring initiatives. Management believes that these types of expenses are either not related to our underlying profitability drivers or not likely to re-occur in the foreseeable future and the varied timing, size and nature of these projects may cause volatility in our results unrelated to the performance of our core business that does not reflect trends of our core operations.
Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA, as defined above, also represents our measure of segment income for each of our four operating segments.
| Three Months Ended March 31, | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 277 | $ | 270 | $ | 7 | 2.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 28 | 53 | 25 | 47.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 142 | 127 | (15) | (11.8) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 447 | 450 | (3) | (0.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 46 | 49 | 3 | 6.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | 493 | 499 | (6) | (1.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense | 45 | 27 | (18) | (66.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHS Transaction costs | 19 | 1 | (18) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees | 5 | 3 | (2) | (66.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of equity method investments (a) | 9 | 16 | 7 | 43.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | 17 | (16) | (33) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 588 | $ | 530 | $ | 58 | 11.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | 251 | $ | 231 | $ | 20 | 8.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 256 | 229 | 27 | 11.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 66 | 56 | 10 | 18.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHS | 15 | 14 | 1 | 12.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 588 | $ | 530 | $ | 58 | 11.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NM - not meaningful
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(a)Represents (i) (income) loss from equity method investments and (ii) cash distributions received from our equity method investments. Cash distributions received from our equity method investments are included in segment income.
The increase in Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2023 reflects the increases in segment income in each of our segments and includes an unfavorable FX Impact of $21 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash generated by operations and borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below). We have used, and may in the future use, our liquidity to make required interest and/or principal payments, to repurchase our common shares, to repurchase Class B exchangeable limited partnership units of Partnership (“Partnership exchangeable units”), to voluntarily prepay and repurchase our or one of our affiliate’s outstanding debt, to fund acquisitions and other investing activities, such as capital expenditures and joint ventures, and to pay dividends on our common shares and make distributions on the Partnership exchangeable units. As a result of our borrowings, we are highly leveraged. Our liquidity requirements are significant, primarily due to debt service requirements.
As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,033 million and borrowing availability of $998 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). Based on our current level of operations and available cash, we believe our cash flow from operations, combined with our availability under our Revolving Credit Facility, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our current obligations, debt service requirements and capital spending over the next twelve months.
In September 2022, Burger King shared the details of its “Reclaim the Flame” plan to accelerate sales growth and drive franchisee profitability. We are investing $400 million over the life of the plan, comprised of $150 million in advertising and digital investments (“Fuel the Flame”) and $250 million in high-quality remodels and relocations, restaurant technology, kitchen equipment, and building enhancements (“Royal Reset”). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we funded $7 million toward the Fuel the Flame investment and $7 million toward our Royal Reset investment and as of March 31, 2023, we have funded a total of $20 million toward the Fuel the Flame investment and $25 million toward our Royal Reset investment.
On July 28, 2021, our board of directors approved a share repurchase authorization that allows us to purchase up to $1,000 million of our common shares until August 10, 2023. As a public company operating in Canada, we must file a notice of intention to make a normal course issuer bid with the stock exchanges we are listed on and receive their approval before proceeding with a share repurchase. On August 12, 2022, we announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”) had accepted the notice of our intention to renew the normal course issuer bid. Under this normal course issuer bid, we are permitted to repurchase up to 30,254,374 common shares for the 12-month period commencing on August 17, 2022 and ending on August 16, 2023, or earlier if we complete the repurchases prior to such date. Share repurchases under the normal course issuer bid will be made through the facilities of the TSX, the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and/or other exchanges and alternative Canadian or foreign trading systems, if eligible, or by such other means as may be permitted by the TSX and/or the NYSE under applicable law. Shareholders may obtain a copy of the prior notice, free of charge, by contacting us. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we did not repurchase any RBI common shares and as of March 31, 2023 had $123 million remaining under the authorization. Repurchases under the Company’s authorization will be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions.
We generally provide applicable deferred taxes based on the tax liability or withholding taxes that would be due upon repatriation of cash associated with unremitted earnings. We will continue to monitor our plans for such cash and related foreign earnings but our expectation is to continue to provide taxes on unremitted earnings that we expect to distribute.
Debt Instruments and Debt Service Requirements
As of March 31, 2023, our long-term debt consists primarily of borrowings under our Credit Facilities (as defined below), amounts outstanding under our 3.875% First Lien Senior Notes due 2028, 5.75% First Lien Senior Notes due 2025, 3.50% First Lien Senior Notes due 2029, 4.375% Second Lien Senior Notes due 2028, 4.00% Second Lien Senior Notes due 2030 (together, the “Senior Notes”), TH Facility, RE Facility, and obligations under finance leases. For further information about our long-term debt, see Note 10 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
As of March 31, 2023, there was $6,418 million outstanding principal amount under our senior secured term loan facilities (the “Term Loan Facilities” and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”) with a weighted average interest rate of 6.48%. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under our Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility is, at our option, either (i) a base rate, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus an applicable margin varying from 0.00% to 0.50%, or (ii) Adjusted Term SOFR (Adjusted Term SOFR is calculated as Term SOFR plus a 0.10% adjustment), subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin varying between 0.75% to 1.50%, in each case, determined by reference to a net first lien leverage based pricing grid. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under our Term Loan B is, at our option, either (i) a base rate, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus an applicable margin of 0.75% or (ii) a Eurocurrency rate, subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin of 1.75%.
Based on the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan Facilities and LIBOR/SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) as of March 31, 2023, subject to a floor of 0.00%, required debt service for the next twelve months is estimated to be
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approximately $422 million in interest payments and $85 million in principal payments. In addition, based on LIBOR as of March 31, 2023, net cash settlements that we expect to receive on our $4,000 million interest rate swaps are estimated to be approximately $119 million for the next twelve months. Based on the amounts outstanding at March 31, 2023, required debt service for the next twelve months on all of the Senior Notes outstanding is approximately $264 million in interest payments. Based on the amounts outstanding under the TH Facility as of March 31, 2023, required debt service for the next twelve months is estimated to be approximately $9 million in interest payments and $11 million in principal payments. Based on the amounts outstanding under the RE Facility as of March 31, 2023, required debt service for the next twelve months is not material.
Restrictions and Covenants
As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all applicable financial debt covenants under the Credit Facilities, the TH Facility, RE Facility and the indentures governing our Senior Notes.
Cash Dividends
On April 5, 2023, we paid a dividend of $0.55 per common share and Partnership made a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $0.55 per Partnership exchangeable unit.
Our board of directors has declared a cash dividend of $0.55 per common share, which will be paid on July 6, 2023 to common shareholders of record on June 22, 2023. Partnership will also make a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $0.55 per Partnership exchangeable unit, and the record date and payment date for distributions on Partnership exchangeable units are the same as the record date and payment date set forth above.
In addition, because we are a holding company, our ability to pay cash dividends on our common shares may be limited by restrictions under our debt agreements. Although we do not have a formal dividend policy, our board of directors may, subject to compliance with the covenants contained in our debt agreements and other considerations, determine to pay dividends in the future. We expect to pay all dividends from cash generated from our operations.
Outstanding Security Data
As of April 25, 2023, we had outstanding 311,251,592 common shares and one special voting share. The special voting share is held by a trustee, entitling the trustee to that number of votes on matters on which holders of common shares are entitled to vote equal to the number of Partnership exchangeable units outstanding. The trustee is required to cast such votes in accordance with voting instructions provided by holders of Partnership exchangeable units. At any shareholder meeting of the Company, holders of our common shares vote together as a single class with the special voting share except as otherwise provided by law. For information on our share-based compensation and our outstanding equity awards, see Note 14 to the audited consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 22, 2023.
There were 140,782,568 Partnership exchangeable units outstanding as of April 25, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, Partnership exchanged 2,214,072 Partnership exchangeable units pursuant to exchange notices received. The holders of Partnership exchangeable units have the right to require Partnership to exchange all or any portion of such holder’s Partnership exchangeable units for our common shares at a ratio of one share for each Partnership exchangeable unit, subject to our right as the general partner of Partnership to determine to settle any such exchange for a cash payment in lieu of our common shares.
Comparative Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $95 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $234 million during the same period in the prior year. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was driven by an increase in interest payments, an increase in cash used for working capital and an increase in income tax payments, partially offset by an increase in segment income in each of our segments.
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Investing Activities
There was no net cash provided by or used from investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $1 million of cash provided by investing activities during the same period in the prior year. This change was primarily driven by an increase in proceeds from derivatives, partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures.
Financing Activities
Cash used for financing activities was $240 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $426 million during the same period in the prior year. The change in cash used for financing activities was driven primarily by the non-recurrence of RBI common share repurchases in the current year and proceeds from derivatives in the current year compared to payments from derivatives in the prior year, partially offset by an increase in long-term debt repayments.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
For information regarding our Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, see the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 22, 2023.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 – New Accounting Pronouncements in the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
There were no material changes during the three months ended March 31, 2023 to the disclosures made in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 22, 2023.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and Exchange Act Rules 15d-15(e)) as of March 31, 2023. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, confirm there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain information contained in this report, including information regarding future financial performance and plans, targets, aspirations, expectations, and objectives of management, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws. We refer to all of these as forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are forward-looking in nature and, accordingly, are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of words such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “continue”, “will”, “may”, “could”, “would”, “target”, “potential” and other similar expressions and include, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations or beliefs regarding (i) the effects and continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and related macro-economic pressures, such as inflation, rising interest rates and currency fluctuations on our results of operations, business, liquidity, prospects and restaurant operations and those of our franchisees; (ii) our digital, marketing, remodel and technology enhancement initiatives and expectations regarding further expenditures relating to these initiatives, including our “Reclaim the Flame” plan to accelerate sales growth and drive franchisee profitability at Burger King; (iii) our
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discontinuation of operations in and financial results from Russia; (iv) the amount and timing of future Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees and the expectation that no additional FHS Transaction costs will be incurred during the remainder of 2023; (v) our future financial obligations, including annual debt service requirements, capital expenditures and dividend payments, our ability to meet such obligations and the source of funds used to satisfy such obligations; (vi) our targets with respect to reduction in greenhouse gas emissions; (vii) our exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates and the impact of changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates on the amount of our interest payments, future earnings and cash flows; (viii) certain tax matters, including our estimates with respect to tax matters and their impact on future periods; (ix) the amount of net cash settlements we expect to pay or receive on our derivative instruments; and (x) certain accounting matters.
Our forward-looking statements, included in this report and elsewhere, represent management’s expectations as of the date that they are made. Our forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and analyses made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. However, these forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, among other things, risks related to: (1) our substantial indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations; (2) global economic or other business conditions that may affect the desire or ability of our customers to purchase our products, such as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflationary pressures, high unemployment levels, declines in median income growth, consumer confidence and consumer discretionary spending and changes in consumer perceptions of dietary health and food safety; (3) our relationship with, and the success of, our franchisees and risks related to our fully franchised business model; (4) our franchisees’ financial stability and their ability to access and maintain the liquidity necessary to operate their businesses; (5) our supply chain operations; (6) our ownership and leasing of real estate; (7) the effectiveness of our marketing, advertising and digital programs and franchisee support of these programs; (8) significant and rapid fluctuations in interest rates and in the currency exchange markets and the effectiveness of our hedging activity; (9) our ability to successfully implement our domestic and international growth strategy for each of our brands and risks related to our international operations; (10) our reliance on franchisees, including subfranchisees, to accelerate restaurant growth; (11) the ability of the counterparties to our credit facilities and derivatives to fulfill their commitments and/or obligations; (12) evolving legislation and regulations in the area of franchise and labor and employment law; (13) changes in applicable tax laws or interpretations thereof, and our ability to accurately interpret and predict the impact of such changes or interpretations on our financial condition and results; and (14) our ability to address environmental and social sustainability issues.
We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment and our inability to successfully manage any of the above risks may permit our competitors to increase their market share and may decrease our profitability. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Finally, our future results will depend upon various other risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those detailed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 22, 2023, as well as other materials that we from time to time file with, or furnish to, the SEC or file with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this section and elsewhere in this report. Other than as required under securities laws, we do not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise.
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Part I, Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document | |||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | |||||||
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. (Registrant) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Date: May 2, 2023 | By: | /s/ Matthew Dunnigan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name: | Matthew Dunnigan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) (duly authorized officer) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
41
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Joshua Kobza, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| /s/ Joshua Kobza | ||
| Joshua Kobza | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
Dated: May 2, 2023
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Matthew Dunnigan, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| /s/ Matthew Dunnigan | ||
| Matthew Dunnigan | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
Dated: May 2, 2023
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Joshua Kobza, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ Joshua Kobza | ||
| Joshua Kobza | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
Dated: May 2, 2023
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Matthew Dunnigan, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ Matthew Dunnigan | ||
| Matthew Dunnigan | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
Date: May 2, 2023