Restaurant Brands International Inc 10-Q for FY2020 Q2
Restaurant Brands International Inc. (QSR)
10-Q
2020-08-06
For: 2020-06-30
View Original
Added on
April 12, 2026
About this 10-Q
Restaurant Brands International Inc filed this 10-Q on August 6, 2020, covering the quarter ended June 30, 2020 (FY2020 Q2).
Headline figures
Quarter ended June 30, 2020, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $1.05B
- down 25.1% from $1.4B a year earlier
- Net income
- $164M
- down 36.2% from net income of $257M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $0.35
- down 36.4% from $0.55 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-36786
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |||||||||||||
| Incorporation or Organization) | Identification No.) | |||||||||||||
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||||||||
(905 ) 845-6511
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Title of each class | Trading Symbols | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toronto Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||||||||
Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of July 31, 2020, there were 303,113,259 common shares of the Registrant outstanding.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |||||||||||
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| Item 2. | |||||||||||
| Item 3. | |||||||||||
| Item 4. | |||||||||||
| Item 1. | |||||||||||
| Item 1A. | |||||||||||
| Item 6. | |||||||||||
3
PART I — Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except share data)
(Unaudited)
| As of | |||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance of $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Inventories, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Prepaids and other current assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||||||||
| Net investment in property leased to franchisees | |||||||||||||||||
| Other assets, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts and drafts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Gift card liability | |||||||||||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases | |||||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt, net of current portion | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance leases, net of current portion | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | |||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity: | |||||||||||||||||
Common shares, | |||||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Total Restaurant Brands International Inc. shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | |||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Income) loss from equity method investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 12) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per common share | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net change in fair value of net investment hedges, net of tax of $ | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $ | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except shares and per share data)
(Unaudited)
| Issued Common Shares | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Noncontrolling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercises | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($ | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant VIE contributions (distributions) | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at March 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercises | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($ | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant VIE contributions (distributions) | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at June 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(In millions of U.S. dollars, except shares and per share data)
(Unaudited)
| Issued Common Shares | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Noncontrolling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2018 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect adjustment | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercises | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($ | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at March 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercises | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($ | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend equivalents declared on restricted stock units | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions declared by Partnership on Partnership exchangeable units ($ | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Partnership exchangeable units for RBI common shares | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant VIE contributions (distributions) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at June 30, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
8
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount | |||||||||||||||||
| (Income) loss from equity method investments | |||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on remeasurement of foreign denominated transactions | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net (gains) losses on derivatives | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts and notes receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Inventories and prepaids and other current assets | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Accounts and drafts payable | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities and gift card liability | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Tenant inducements paid to franchisees | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other long-term assets and liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments for property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings | |||||||||||||||||
| Settlement/sale of derivatives, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from revolving line of credit and long-term debt | |||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of revolving line of credit, long-term debt and finance leases | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Payment of financing costs | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Payment of dividends on common shares and distributions on Partnership exchangeable units | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from stock option exercises | |||||||||||||||||
| (Payments) proceeds from derivatives | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other financing activities, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used for financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Supplemental cash flow disclosures: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
9
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Description of Business and Organization
Restaurant Brands International Inc. (the “Company”, “RBI”, “we”, “us” or “our”) was formed on August 25, 2014 and continued under the laws of Canada. The Company serves as the sole general partner of Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership (“Partnership”). We franchise and operate quick service restaurants serving premium coffee and other beverage and food products under the Tim Hortons® brand (“Tim Hortons” or “TH”), fast food hamburgers principally under the Burger King® brand (“Burger King” or “BK”), and chicken under the Popeyes® brand (“Popeyes” or “PLK”). We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant, or QSR, companies as measured by total number of restaurants. As of June 30, 2020, we franchised or owned 4,934 Tim Hortons restaurants, 18,756 Burger King restaurants, and 3,369 Popeyes restaurants, for a total of 27,059 restaurants, and operate in more than 100 countries and U.S. territories. Approximately 100 % of current system-wide restaurants are franchised.
All references to “$” or “dollars” are to the currency of the United States unless otherwise indicated. All references to “Canadian dollars” or “C$” are to the currency of Canada unless otherwise indicated.
COVID-19
The global crisis resulting from the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has had a substantial impact on our global restaurant operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, which is expected to continue with the timing of recovery uncertain. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, many TH, BK and PLK restaurants were temporarily closed in certain countries and many of the restaurants that remained open had limited operations, such as Drive-thru, Takeout and Delivery (where applicable). This has continued into the third quarter of 2020.
Our operating results substantially depend upon our franchisees’ sales volumes, restaurant profitability, and financial stability. The financial impact of COVID-19 has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse effect on many of our franchisees’ liquidity and we are working closely with our franchisees to monitor and assist them with access to appropriate sources of liquidity in order to sustain their businesses throughout this crisis, such as the initiation of rent relief programs for eligible franchisees who lease property from us. See Note 4, Leases, for further information about the rent relief programs. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2020, we provided cash flow support by extending loans to eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and advancing certain cash payments to eligible TH franchisees in Canada.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded bad debt expense of $24 million and $28 million, respectively, compared to $4 million and $5 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. While all receivables remain contractually due and payable to us, the certainty of the amount and timing of payments has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, our bad debt expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 reflects an adjustment to our historical collections experience to incorporate an estimate of the impact of current economic conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Actual collections may be materially higher or lower than this estimate reflects since it is reasonably possible the duration and future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business or our franchisees may differ from our assumptions. Ongoing material adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our franchisees for an extended period could negatively affect our operating results, including reductions in revenue and cash flow and could impact our impairment assessments of accounts receivable, intangible assets, long-lived assets or goodwill.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, the usual condition of which is ownership of a majority voting interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in other affiliates that are owned 50% or less where we have significant influence are accounted for by the equity method.
10
We are the sole general partner of Partnership and, as such we have the exclusive right, power and authority to manage, control, administer and operate the business and affairs and to make decisions regarding the undertaking and business of Partnership, subject to the terms of the amended and restated limited partnership agreement of Partnership (the “partnership agreement”) and applicable laws. As a result, we consolidate the results of Partnership and record a noncontrolling interest in our consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations with respect to the remaining economic interest in Partnership we do not hold.
We also consider for consolidation entities in which we have certain interests, where the controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Such an entity, known as a variable interest entity (“VIE”), is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that possesses the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that are significant to it. Our maximum exposure to loss resulting from involvement with VIEs is attributable to accounts and notes receivable balances, outstanding loan guarantees and future lease payments, where applicable.
As our franchise and master franchise arrangements provide the franchise and master franchise entities the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance, we do not consider ourselves the primary beneficiary of any such entity that might be a VIE.
Tim Hortons has historically entered into certain arrangements in which an operator acquires the right to operate a restaurant, but Tim Hortons owns the restaurant’s assets. We perform an analysis to determine if the legal entity in which operations are conducted is a VIE and consolidate a VIE entity if we also determine Tim Hortons is the entity’s primary beneficiary (“Restaurant VIEs”). As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of 33 and 35 Restaurant VIEs, respectively, and accordingly, have consolidated the results of operations, assets and liabilities, and cash flows of these Restaurant VIEs in our Financial Statements. Material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the Financial Statements. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.
Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying Financial Statements and notes to the Financial Statements have been reclassified in order to be comparable with the current year classifications. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income.
Note 3. New Accounting Pronouncements
Credit Losses – In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance that requires companies to measure and recognize lifetime expected credit losses for certain financial instruments, including trade accounts receivable and net investments in direct financing and sales-type leases. Expected credit losses are estimated using relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. This amendment was effective commencing in 2020, using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our Financial Statements.
Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes – In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and by clarifying and amending existing guidance applicable to accounting for income taxes. The amendment is effective commencing in 2021 with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this new guidance will have on our Financial Statements.
Accounting Relief for the Transition Away from LIBOR and Certain other Reference Rates – In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. This amendment is effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The expedients and
11
Note 4. Leases
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we initiated a rent relief program for eligible TH franchisees in Canada who lease property from us (the “TH rent relief program”) and a rent relief program for eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and Canada who lease property from us (the "BK rent relief program" and together with the TH rent relief program, the “rent relief programs”). Under the rent relief programs, we temporarily converted the rent structure from a combination of fixed plus variable rent to 100 % variable rent. While in effect, these programs will result in a reduction in our property revenues.
In April 2020, the FASB staff issued interpretive guidance that indicated it would be acceptable for entities to make an election to account for lease concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic consistent with how those concessions would be accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases ("ASC 842"), as though enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions existed (regardless of whether those enforceable rights and obligations for the concessions explicitly exist in the contract). Consequently, for concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, an entity will not have to analyze each contract to determine whether enforceable rights and obligations for concessions exist in the contract and can elect to apply or not apply the lease modification guidance in ASC 842 to those contracts. This election is available for concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that do not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee.
We have elected to apply this interpretive guidance to the rent relief programs, and have assumed that enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions exist in the lease contract. As such, we began recognizing reductions in rents arising from the rent relief programs as reductions in variable lease payments, as the rent reductions did not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee. This election will continue while our rent relief program is in effect.
Property revenues are comprised primarily of lease income from operating leases and earned income on direct financing leases with franchisees as follows (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease income - operating leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minimum lease payments | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable lease payments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of favorable and unfavorable income lease contracts, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal - lease income from operating leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned income on direct financing leases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total property revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Note 5. Revenue Recognition
Contract Liabilities
| Contract Liabilities | TH | BK | PLK | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized during period and included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of foreign currency translation | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of June 30, 2020 (in millions):
| Contract liabilities expected to be recognized in | TH | BK | PLK | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Remainder of 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Disaggregation of Total Revenues
Total revenues consist of the following (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royalties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise fees and other revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Note 6. Earnings per Share
An economic interest in Partnership common equity is held by the holders of Class B exchangeable limited partnership units (the “Partnership exchangeable units”), which is reflected as a noncontrolling interest in our equity. See Note 12, Shareholders’ Equity.
The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations (in millions, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common shareholders - basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income available to common shareholders and noncontrolling interests - diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares - basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of noncontrolling interests for common shares (Note 12) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of other dilutive securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares - diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share (a) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share (a) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anti-dilutive securities outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Earnings per share may not recalculate exactly as it is calculated based on unrounded numbers.
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Note 7. Intangible Assets, net and Goodwill
Intangible assets, net and goodwill consist of the following (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net | Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Identifiable assets subject to amortization: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise agreements | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Favorable leases | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indefinite-lived intangible assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tim Hortons brand | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Burger King brand | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Popeyes brand | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tim Hortons segment | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burger King segment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Popeyes segment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled $11 million and $10 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $22 million and $21 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The change in the brands and goodwill balances during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was due to the impact of foreign currency translation.
Note 8. Equity Method Investments
The aggregate carrying amount of our equity method investments was $216 million and $266 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is included as a component of Other assets, net in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. TH and BK both have equity method investments. PLK does not have any equity method investments.
With respect to our TH business, the most significant equity method investment is our 50 % joint venture interest with The Wendy’s Company (the “TIMWEN Partnership”), which jointly holds real estate underlying Canadian combination restaurants. Distributions received from this joint venture were $2 million and $5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Distributions received from this joint venture were $4 million and $7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Except for the following equity method investments, no quoted market prices are available for our other equity method investments. The aggregate market value of our 15.2 % equity interest in Carrols Restaurant Group, Inc. (“Carrols”) based on the quoted market price on June 30, 2020 was approximately $46 million. The aggregate market value of our 9.8 % equity interest in BK Brasil Operação e Assessoria a Restaurantes S.A. based on the quoted market price on June 30, 2020 was approximately $47 million. We have evaluated recent declines in the market value of these equity method investments as a result of COVID-19. We concluded these declines are not other than temporary and as such no impairments have been recognized at June 30, 2020.
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We have equity interests in entities that own or franchise Tim Hortons or Burger King restaurants. Franchise and property revenues recognized from franchisees that are owned or franchised by entities in which we have an equity interest consist of the following (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from affiliates: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royalties | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise fees and other revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We recognized $3 million and $5 million of rent expense associated with the TIMWEN Partnership during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We recognized $7 million and $9 million of rent expense associated with the TIMWEN Partnership during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $64 million and $47 million, respectively, of accounts receivable, net from our equity method investments which were recorded in Accounts and notes receivable, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Note 9. Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities, net
Other accrued liabilities (current) and other liabilities, net (noncurrent) consist of the following (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| Current: | |||||||||||||||||
| Dividend payable | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Interest payable | |||||||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||
| Taxes payable | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income | |||||||||||||||||
| Accrued advertising expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring and other provisions | |||||||||||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Noncurrent: | |||||||||||||||||
| Taxes payable | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Contract liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Unfavorable leases | |||||||||||||||||
| Accrued pension | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities, net | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
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Note 10. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| Term Loan B (due November 19, 2026) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Term Loan A (due October 7, 2024) | |||||||||||||||||
2017 | |||||||||||||||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||||
2020 | |||||||||||||||||
2017 | |||||||||||||||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| TH Facility and other | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: unamortized deferred financing costs and deferred issue discount | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Total debt, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: current maturities of debt | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Credit Facilities
In March 2020, we drew $995 million on our senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), which we repaid in June 2020. As of June 30, 2020, we had no amounts outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility, had $2 million of letters of credit issued against the Revolving Credit Facility, and our borrowing availability under our Revolving Credit Facility was $998 million. Funds available under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used to repay other debt, finance debt or share repurchases, fund acquisitions or capital expenditures and for other general corporate purposes. We have a $125 million letter of credit sublimit as part of the Revolving Credit Facility, which reduces our borrowing availability thereunder by the cumulative amount of outstanding letters of credit.
On April 2, 2020, two of our subsidiaries (the "Borrowers") entered into a fifth amendment (the "Fifth Amendment") to the credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") governing our senior secured term loan facilities (the "Term Loan Facilities") and Revolving Credit Facility. The Fifth Amendment provides the Borrowers with the option to comply with a $1,000 million minimum liquidity covenant in lieu of the 6.50 :1.00 net first lien senior secured leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant for the period after June 30, 2020 and prior to September 30, 2021. Additionally, for the periods ending September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021, to determine compliance with the net first lien senior secured leverage ratio, we are permitted to annualize the Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the three months ending September 30, 2021 and six months ending December 31, 2021, respectively, in lieu of calculating the ratio based on Adjusted EBITDA for the prior four quarters. There were no other material changes to the terms of the Credit Agreement.
TH Facility
One of our subsidiaries entered into a non-revolving delayed drawdown term credit facility in a total aggregate principal amount of C$225 million with a maturity date of October 4, 2025 (the “TH Facility”). The interest rate applicable to the TH Facility is the Canadian Bankers’ Acceptance rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.40 % or the Prime Rate plus an applicable margin equal to 0.40 %, at our option. Obligations under the TH Facility are guaranteed by four of our subsidiaries, and amounts borrowed under the TH Facility are secured by certain parcels of real estate. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we drew down the remaining availability of C$125 million under the TH Facility and, as of June 30, 2020, we had outstanding C$225 million under the TH Facility with a weighted average interest rate of 1.93 %.
2020 Senior Notes
On April 7, 2020, the Borrowers entered into an indenture (the "2020 5.75 % Senior Notes Indenture") in connection with the issuance of $500 million of 5.75 % first lien notes due April 15, 2025 (the "2020 5.75 % Senior Notes"). No principal payments are due until maturity and interest is paid semi-annually. The net proceeds from the offering of the 2020 5.75 % Senior Notes were used for general corporate purposes. In connection with the issuance of the 2020 5.75 % Senior Notes, we capitalized approximately $9 million in debt issuance costs.
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Obligations under the 2020 5.75 % Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis, jointly and severally, by the Borrowers and substantially all of the Borrowers' Canadian and U.S. subsidiaries, including The TDL Group Corp., Burger King Worldwide, Inc., Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen, Inc. and substantially all of their respective Canadian and U.S. subsidiaries (the "Note Guarantors"). The 2020 5.75 % Senior Notes are first lien senior secured obligations and rank equal in right of payment with all of the existing and future first lien senior debt of the Borrowers and Note Guarantors, including borrowings and guarantees of the Credit Facilities.
Our 2020 5.75 % Senior Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part, on or after April 15, 2022 at the redemption prices set forth in the 2020 5.75 % Senior Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, at the date of redemption. The 2020 5.75 % Senior Notes Indenture also contains optional redemption provisions related to tender offers, change of control and equity offerings, among others.
Restrictions and Covenants
As of June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all applicable financial debt covenants under the Credit Facilities, the TH Facility, and the indentures governing our Senior Notes.
Fair Value Measurement
The following table presents the fair value of our variable rate term debt and senior notes, estimated using inputs based on bid and offer prices that are Level 2 inputs, and principal carrying amount (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of our variable term debt and senior notes | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Principal carrying amount of our variable term debt and senior notes | |||||||||||||||||
Interest Expense, net
Interest expense, net consists of the following (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt (a) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt issuance discount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Amount includes $20 million and $19 million benefit during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $41 million and $37 million benefit during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to the amortization of the Excluded Component as defined in Note 13, Derivatives.
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Note 11. Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was (42.3 )% and (0.9 )% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate during these periods reflects a $64 55.2 )% and (16.5 )% during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Based on the analysis of final guidance related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) received during these periods, a deferred tax asset was recorded. The effective tax rate during these periods also reflects the mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions and the impact of internal financing arrangements.
Our effective tax rate was 27.4 % and 23.4 % for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The effective tax rate during these periods reflects a $37 million increase in the provision for unrecognized tax benefits related to a prior restructuring transaction that is not applicable to ongoing operations which increased the effective tax rate by 10.4 % and 5.6 % during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The effective tax rate during these periods also reflects the mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions, the impact of internal financing arrangements and stock option exercises. Benefits from stock option exercises reduced the effective tax rate by 4.0 % and 4.1 % for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Note 12. Shareholders’ Equity
Noncontrolling Interests
The holders of Partnership exchangeable units held an economic interest of approximately 35.0 % and 35.7 % in Partnership common equity through the ownership of 162,834,299 and 165,507,199 Partnership exchangeable units as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, Partnership exchanged 2,672,900 Partnership exchangeable units, pursuant to exchange notices received. In accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement, Partnership satisfied the exchange notices by exchanging these Partnership exchangeable units for the same number of newly issued RBI common shares. The exchanges represented increases in our ownership interest in Partnership and were accounted for as equity transactions, with no gain or loss recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. Pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement, upon the exchange of Partnership exchangeable units, each such Partnership exchangeable unit was cancelled concurrently with the exchange.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table displays the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) (in millions):
| Derivatives | Pensions | Foreign Currency Translation | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified to earnings of cash flow hedges, net of tax | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
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Note 13. Derivative Instruments
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We enter into derivative instruments for risk management purposes, including derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, derivatives designated as net investment hedges and those utilized as economic hedges. We use derivatives to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Swaps
At June 30, 2020, we had outstanding receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $3,500 million to hedge the variability in the interest payments on a portion of our senior secured term loan facilities (the "Term Loan Facilities") beginning October 31, 2019 through the termination date of November 19, 2026. Additionally, at June 30, 2020, we also had outstanding receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $500 million to hedge the variability in the interest payments on a portion of our Term Loan Facilities effective September 30, 2019 through the termination date of September 30, 2026. At inception, all of these interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges for hedge accounting. The unrealized changes in market value are recorded in AOCI and reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
During 2019, we extended the term of our previous $3,500 million receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps to align the maturity date of the new interest rate swaps with the new maturity date of our Term Loan B. The extension of the term resulted in a de-designation and re-designation of the interest rate swaps and the swaps continue to be accounted for as a cash flow hedge for hedge accounting. In connection with the de-designation, we recognized a net unrealized loss of $213 million in AOCI and this amount gets reclassified into Interest expense, net as the original forecasted transaction affects earnings. The amount of pre-tax losses in AOCI as of June 30, 2020 that we expect to be reclassified into interest expense within the next 12 months is $51 million.
During 2015, we settled certain interest rate swaps and recognized a net unrealized loss of $85 million in AOCI at the date of settlement. This amount gets reclassified into Interest expense, net as the original hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The amount of pre-tax losses in AOCI as of June 30, 2020 that we expect to be reclassified into interest expense within the next 12 months is $12 million.
Cross-Currency Rate Swaps
To protect the value of our investments in our foreign operations against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we hedge a portion of our net investment in one or more of our foreign subsidiaries by using cross-currency rate swaps. At June 30, 2020, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swap contracts between the Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar and the Euro and U.S. dollar that have been designated as net investment hedges of a portion of our equity in foreign operations in those currencies. The component of the gains and losses on our net investment in these designated foreign operations driven by changes in foreign exchange rates are economically partly offset by movements in the fair value of our cross-currency swap contracts. The fair value of the swaps is calculated each period with changes in fair value reported in AOCI, net of tax. Such amounts will remain in AOCI until the complete or substantially complete liquidation of our investment in the underlying foreign operations.
At June 30, 2020, we had outstanding fixed-to-fixed cross-currency rate swaps to partially hedge the net investment in our Canadian subsidiaries. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as net investment hedges. These swaps are contracts to exchange quarterly fixed-rate interest payments we make on the Canadian dollar notional amount of C$6,754 million for quarterly fixed-rate interest payments we receive on the U.S. dollar notional amount of $5,000 million through the maturity date of June 30, 2023.
At June 30, 2020, we had outstanding cross-currency rate swaps in which we pay quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the Euro notional value of €1,108 million and receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional value of $1,200 million. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as a net investment hedge. During 2018, we extended the term of the swaps from March 31, 2021 to the maturity date of February 17, 2024. The extension of the term resulted in a re-designation of the hedge and the swaps continue to be accounted for as a net investment hedge. Additionally, at June 30, 2020, we also had outstanding cross-currency rate swaps in which we receive quarterly fixed-rate interest payments on the U.S. dollar notional value of $400 million, entered during 2018, and $500 million, entered during 2019, through the maturity date of February 17, 2024. At inception, these cross-currency rate swaps were designated as a hedge and are accounted for as a net investment hedge.
The fixed to fixed cross-currency rate swaps hedging Canadian dollar and Euro net investments utilized the forward method of effectiveness assessment prior to March 15, 2018. On March 15, 2018, we de-designated and subsequently re-designated the outstanding fixed to fixed cross-currency rate swaps to prospectively use the spot method of hedge effectiveness
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assessment. Additionally, as a result of adopting new hedge accounting guidance during 2018, we elected to exclude the interest component (the “Excluded Component”) from the accounting hedge without affecting net investment hedge accounting and elected to amortize the Excluded Component over the life of the derivative instrument. The amortization of the Excluded Component is recognized in Interest expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The change in fair value that is not related to the Excluded Component is recorded in AOCI and will be reclassified to earnings when the foreign subsidiaries are sold or substantially liquidated.
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
We use foreign exchange derivative instruments to manage the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on U.S. dollar purchases and payments, such as coffee purchases made by our Canadian Tim Hortons operations. At June 30, 2020, we had outstanding forward currency contracts to manage this risk in which we sell Canadian dollars and buy U.S. dollars with a notional value of $84 million with maturities to July 2021. We have designated these instruments as cash flow hedges, and as such, the unrealized changes in market value of effective hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
Credit Risk
By entering into derivative contracts, we are exposed to counterparty credit risk. Counterparty credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is in an asset position, the counterparty has a liability to us, which creates credit risk for us. We attempt to minimize this risk by selecting counterparties with investment grade credit ratings and regularly monitoring our market position with each counterparty.
Credit-Risk Related Contingent Features
Our derivative instruments do not contain any credit-risk related contingent features.
Quantitative Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the required quantitative disclosures for our derivative instruments, including their estimated fair values (all estimated using Level 2 inputs) and their location on our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
| Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward-currency contracts | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency rate swaps | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)We did not exclude any components from the cash flow hedge relationships presented in this table.
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| Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings | Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | Interest expense, net | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward-currency contracts | Cost of sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings | Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency rate swaps | Interest expense, net | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value as of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | Balance Sheet Location | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate | $ | $ | Other assets, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | Prepaids and other current assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | Other assets, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at fair value | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate | $ | $ | Other liabilities, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | Other accrued liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | Other liabilities, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities at fair value | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Note 14. Other Operating Expenses (Income), net
Other operating expenses (income), net consist of the following (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings represent sales of properties and other costs related to restaurant closures and refranchisings. Gains and losses recognized in the current period may reflect certain costs related to closures and refranchisings that occurred in previous periods.
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange is primarily related to revaluation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities.
Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business relating to matters including, but not limited to, disputes with franchisees, suppliers, employees and customers, as well as disputes over our intellectual property.
On October 5, 2018, a class action complaint was filed against Burger King Worldwide, Inc. (“BKW”) and Burger King Corporation (“BKC”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Jarvis Arrington, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On October 18, 2018, a second class action complaint was filed against RBI, BKW and BKC in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Monique Michel, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On October 31, 2018, a third class action complaint was filed against BKC and BKW in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Geneva Blanchard and Tiffany Miller, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. On November 2, 2018, a fourth class action complaint was filed against RBI, BKW and BKC in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida by Sandra Muster, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. These complaints have been consolidated and allege that the defendants violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act by incorporating an employee no-solicitation and no-hiring clause in the standard form franchise agreement all Burger King franchisees are required to sign. Each plaintiff seeks injunctive relief and damages for himself or herself and other members of the class. On March 24, 2020, the Court granted BKC’s motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim and on April 20, 2020 the plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to amend their complaint. On April 27, 2020, BKC filed a motion opposing the motion for leave to amend. While we currently believe these claims are without merit, we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these cases or estimate the range of possible loss, if any.
In July 2019, a class action complaint was filed against The TDL Group Corp. (“TDL”) in the Supreme Court of British Columbia by Samir Latifi, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated. The complaint alleges that TDL violated the Canadian Competition Act by incorporating an employee no-solicitation and no-hiring clause in the standard form franchise agreement all Tim Hortons franchisees are required to sign. The plaintiff seeks damages and restitution, on behalf of himself and other members of the class. While we currently believe this claim is without merit, we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of this case or estimate the range of possible loss, if any.
On June 30, 2020, a class action complaint was filed against Restaurant Brands International Inc., Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership and TDL in the Quebec Superior Court by Steve Holcman, individually and on behalf of all Quebec residents who downloaded the Tim Hortons mobile application. On July 2, 2020, a Notice of Action related to a second class action complaint was filed against Restaurant Brands International Inc., in the Ontario Superior Court by Ashley Sitko and Ashley Cadeau, individually and on behalf of all Canadian residents who downloaded the Tim Hortons mobile application. Both of the complaints allege that the defendants violated the plaintiffs’ privacy rights, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, consumer protection and competition laws or app-based undertakings to users, in each case in
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Note 16. Segment Reporting
As stated in Note 1, Description of Business and Organization, we manage three
The following tables present revenues, by segment and by country (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues by operating segment: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues by country (a): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Only Canada and the United States represented 10% or more of our total revenues in each period presented.
Our measure of segment income is Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings (net income or loss) before interest expense, net, loss on early extinguishment of debt, income tax (benefit) expense, and depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude (i) the non-cash impact of share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, (ii) (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, (iii) other operating expenses (income), net and, (iv) income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities. For the periods referenced, this included costs incurred in connection with the centralization and relocation of our Canadian and U.S. restaurant support centers to new offices in Toronto, Ontario, and Miami, Florida, respectively and corporate restructuring and related tax advisory fees, including those arising as a result of the adoption of the Tax Act and the implementing regulations thereunder.
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Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of our operating business. A reconciliation of segment income to net income consists of the following (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office centralization and relocation costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of equity method investments (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note 17. Subsequent Events
Dividends
Subsequent to June 30, 2020, our board of directors declared a cash dividend of $0.52 per common share, which will be paid on October 2, 2020 to common shareholders of record on September 18, 2020. Partnership will also make a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $0.52 per Partnership exchangeable unit, and the record date and payment date for distributions on Partnership exchangeable units are the same as the record date and payment date set forth above.
*****
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this report.
The following discussion includes information regarding future financial performance and plans, targets, aspirations, expectations, and objectives of management, which constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws as described in further detail under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” set forth below. Actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Please refer to the risks and further discussion in the “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below.
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”). However, this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations also contains certain non-GAAP financial measures to assist readers in understanding our performance. Non-GAAP financial measures either exclude or include amounts that are not reflected in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, we have provided the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, a reconciliation to GAAP measures and a discussion of the reasons why management believes this information is useful to it and may be useful to investors.
Operating results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for the fiscal year and our key business measures, as discussed below, may decrease for any future period. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “RBI”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our” are to Restaurant Brands International Inc. and its subsidiaries, collectively.
Overview
We are one of the world’s largest quick service restaurant (“QSR”) companies with approximately $32 billion in annual system-wide sales and over 27,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries and U.S. territories as of June 30, 2020. Our Tim Hortons®, Burger King®, and Popeyes® brands have similar franchised business models with complementary daypart mixes and product platforms. Our three iconic brands are managed independently while benefiting from global scale and sharing of best practices.
Tim Hortons restaurants are quick service restaurants with a menu that includes premium blend coffee, tea, espresso-based hot and cold specialty drinks, fresh baked goods, including donuts, Timbits®, bagels, muffins, cookies and pastries, grilled paninis, classic sandwiches, wraps, soups, and more. Burger King restaurants are quick service restaurants that feature flame-grilled hamburgers, chicken, and other specialty sandwiches, french fries, soft drinks, and other affordably-priced food items. Popeyes restaurants are quick service restaurants featuring a unique “Louisiana” style menu that includes fried chicken, chicken tenders, fried shrimp, and other seafood, red beans and rice, and other regional items.
We have three operating and reportable segments: (1) Tim Hortons (“TH”); (2) Burger King (“BK”); and (3) Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen (“PLK”). Our business generates revenue from the following sources: (i) franchise revenues, consisting primarily of royalties based on a percentage of sales reported by franchise restaurants and franchise fees paid by franchisees; (ii) property revenues from properties we lease or sublease to franchisees; and (iii) sales at restaurants owned by us (“Company restaurants”). In addition, our TH business generates revenue from sales to franchisees related to our supply chain operations, including manufacturing, procurement, warehousing, and distribution, as well as sales to retailers.
COVID-19
The global crisis resulting from the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has had a substantial impact on our global restaurant operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, which is expected to continue with the timing of recovery uncertain. System-wide sales growth, system-wide sales and comparable sales were also negatively impacted for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 as a result of the impact of COVID-19. During the first and second quarters, substantially all TH, BK and PLK restaurants remained open in North America with limited operations, such as Drive-thru, Takeout and Delivery (where applicable) and that currently remains the case. While certain markets have opened for dine-in guests, the capacity may be limited, and local conditions may lead to closures or increased limitations. Some international markets temporarily closed most or all restaurants and the restaurants that remained open or have reopened may have limited operations. As of the end of July, in Asia-Pacific substantially all of the restaurants are open; Europe, Middle-East and Africa restaurants are now more than 90% open and approximately 80% of the Latin America restaurants are open, in many cases with limited operations.
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Our operating results substantially depend upon our franchisees’ sales volumes, restaurant profitability, and financial stability. The financial impact of COVID-19 has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse effect on many of our franchisees’ liquidity and we are working closely with our franchisees around the world to monitor and assist them with access to appropriate sources of liquidity in order to sustain their businesses throughout this crisis. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we initiated rent relief programs for eligible TH franchisees in Canada and eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and Canada who lease property from us. While in effect, these programs provide working capital support to franchisees and result in a reduction in our property revenues. See Note 4 to the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
During the second quarter of 2020, we provided cash flow support by extending loans to eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and advancing certain cash payments to eligible TH franchisees in Canada. We also temporarily deferred franchisee capital investment commitments for restaurant renovations and new restaurant development globally, based on the individual circumstances of relevant markets and restaurant owners. In addition, we have dedicated resources across all three of our brands to work one-on-one with restaurant owners and provide guidance and support to franchisees.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded higher bad debt expense than the periods ended June 30, 2019. While all receivables remain contractually due and payable to us, the certainty of the amount and timing of payments has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, our bad debt expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 reflects an adjustment to our historical collections experience to incorporate an estimate of the impact of current economic conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Actual collections may be materially higher or lower than this estimate reflects since it is reasonably possible the duration and future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business or our franchisees may differ from our assumptions.
While we cannot currently estimate the duration or future negative financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business or our franchisees, we expect the negative effects to continue into the third quarter of 2020.
Operating Metrics
We evaluate our restaurants and assess our business based on the following operating metrics:
•System-wide sales growth refers to the percentage change in sales at all franchise restaurants and Company restaurants (referred to as system-wide sales) in one period from the same period in the prior year.
•Comparable sales refers to the percentage change in restaurant sales in one period from the same prior year period for restaurants that have been open for 13 months or longer for TH and BK and 17 months or longer for PLK. Additionally, if a restaurant is closed for a significant portion of a month, the restaurant is excluded from the monthly comparable sales calculation.
•System-wide sales growth and comparable sales are measured on a constant currency basis, which means the results exclude the effect of foreign currency translation (“FX Impact”). For system-wide sales growth and comparable sales, we calculate the FX Impact by translating prior year results at current year monthly average exchange rates.
•Unless otherwise stated, system-wide sales growth, system-wide sales and comparable sales are presented on a system-wide basis, which means they include franchise restaurants and Company restaurants. System-wide results are driven by our franchise restaurants, as approximately 100% of system-wide restaurants are franchised. Franchise sales represent sales at all franchise restaurants and are revenues to our franchisees. We do not record franchise sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues are calculated based on a percentage of franchise sales.
•Net restaurant growth refers to the net increase in restaurant count (openings, net of permanent closures) over a trailing twelve month period, divided by the restaurant count at the beginning of the trailing twelve month period.
These metrics are important indicators of the overall direction of our business, including trends in sales and the effectiveness of each brand’s marketing, operations and growth initiatives.
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Recent Events and Factors Affecting Comparability
Tax Reform
In December 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) that significantly revised the U.S. tax code generally effective January 1, 2018 by, among other changes, lowering the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, limiting deductibility of interest expense and performance based incentive compensation and implementing a modified territorial tax system. As a Canadian entity, we generally would be classified as a foreign entity (and, therefore, a non-U.S. tax resident) under general rules of U.S. federal income taxation. However, we have subsidiaries subject to U.S. federal income taxation and therefore the Tax Act impacted our consolidated results of operations in 2019 and the current period, and is expected to continue to impact our consolidated results of operations in future periods.
We recorded $7 million and $11 million of costs during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $8 million and $17 million of costs during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, arising primarily from professional advisory and consulting services associated with interpretation, analysis and corporate restructuring initiatives related to recently issued, final and proposed regulations and guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury, the IRS and state tax authorities in their ongoing efforts to interpret and implement the Tax Act and related state and local tax implications (“Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees”).
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, various guidance was issued by the U.S. Treasury relating to the Tax Act. After review of such guidance, we recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $64 million related to certain tax attribute carryforwards, which we now expect to be able to deduct in future years under recently issued regulations implementing the Tax Act.
Office Centralization and Relocation Costs
In connection with the centralization and relocation of our Canadian and U.S. restaurant support centers to new offices in Toronto, Ontario, and Miami, Florida, respectively, we incurred certain non-operational expenses ("Office centralization and relocation costs") totaling $2 million and $6 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 consisting primarily of moving costs and relocation-driven compensation expenses, which are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We did not incur any Office centralization and relocation costs during 2020 and do not expect to incur any additional Office centralization and relocation costs during 2020.
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Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
Tabular amounts in millions of U.S. dollars unless noted otherwise. Segment income may not calculate exactly due to rounding.
| Consolidated | Three Months Ended June 30, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | Six Months Ended June 30, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 406 | $ | 589 | $ | (183) | $ | (17) | $ | (166) | $ | 909 | $ | 1,111 | $ | (202) | $ | (22) | $ | (180) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | 642 | 811 | (169) | (18) | (151) | 1,364 | 1,555 | (191) | (27) | (164) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,048 | 1,400 | (352) | (35) | (317) | 2,273 | 2,666 | (393) | (49) | (344) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 339 | 453 | 114 | 13 | 101 | 738 | 859 | 121 | 17 | 104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | 134 | 135 | 1 | 3 | (2) | 260 | 268 | 8 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 295 | 316 | 21 | 3 | 18 | 620 | 628 | 8 | 5 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Income) loss from equity method investments | 16 | 2 | (14) | — | (14) | 18 | — | (18) | (1) | (17) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | 21 | 3 | (18) | — | (18) | 5 | (14) | (19) | (1) | (18) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | 805 | 909 | 104 | 19 | 85 | 1,641 | 1,741 | 100 | 24 | 76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 243 | 491 | (248) | (16) | (232) | 632 | 925 | (293) | (25) | (268) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 128 | 137 | 9 | — | 9 | 247 | 269 | 22 | — | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 115 | 354 | (239) | (16) | (223) | 385 | 656 | (271) | (25) | (246) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (49) | 97 | 146 | 1 | 145 | (3) | 153 | 156 | 1 | 155 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 164 | $ | 257 | $ | (93) | $ | (15) | $ | (78) | $ | 388 | $ | 503 | $ | (115) | $ | (24) | $ | (91) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)We calculate the FX Impact by translating prior year results at current year monthly average exchange rates. We analyze these results on a constant currency basis as this helps identify underlying business trends, without distortion from the effects of currency movements.
| TH Segment | Three Months Ended June 30, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | Six Months Ended June 30, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 374 | $ | 551 | $ | (177) | $ | (17) | $ | (160) | $ | 839 | $ | 1,034 | $ | (195) | $ | (22) | $ | (173) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | 193 | 291 | (98) | (9) | (89) | 427 | 557 | (130) | (11) | (119) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 567 | 842 | (275) | (26) | (249) | 1,266 | 1,591 | (325) | (33) | (292) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 307 | 420 | 113 | 13 | 100 | 673 | 792 | 119 | 17 | 102 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | 83 | 90 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 167 | 177 | 10 | 4 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment SG&A | 61 | 77 | 16 | 2 | 14 | 148 | 159 | 11 | 3 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization (b) | 28 | 26 | (2) | 1 | (3) | 54 | 52 | (2) | 1 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income (c) | 147 | 287 | (140) | (9) | (131) | 336 | 524 | (188) | (11) | (177) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(b)Segment depreciation and amortization consists of depreciation and amortization included in cost of sales and franchise and property expenses.
(c)TH segment income includes $2 million and $5 million of cash distributions received from equity method investments for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. TH segment income includes $4 million and $8 million of cash distributions received from equity method investments for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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| BK Segment | Three Months Ended June 30, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | Six Months Ended June 30, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 15 | $ | 19 | $ | (4) | $ | — | $ | (4) | $ | 32 | $ | 38 | $ | (6) | $ | — | $ | (6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | 332 | 428 | (96) | (9) | (87) | 703 | 820 | (117) | (16) | (101) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 347 | 447 | (100) | (9) | (91) | 735 | 858 | (123) | (16) | (107) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 16 | 17 | 1 | — | 1 | 33 | 35 | 2 | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | 48 | 42 | (6) | — | (6) | 87 | 85 | (2) | — | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment SG&A | 135 | 149 | 14 | — | 14 | 280 | 290 | 10 | 1 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization (b) | 12 | 12 | — | — | — | 24 | 25 | 1 | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income (d) | 160 | 252 | (92) | (9) | (83) | 360 | 474 | (114) | (15) | (99) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(d)BK segment income includes $1 million and $2 million of cash distributions received from equity method investments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. No significant amounts were received for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
| PLK Segment | Three Months Ended June 30, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | Six Months Ended June 30, | Variance | FX Impact (a) | Variance Excluding FX Impact | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 17 | $ | 19 | $ | (2) | $ | — | $ | (2) | $ | 38 | $ | 39 | $ | (1) | $ | — | $ | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property revenues | 117 | 92 | 25 | — | 25 | 234 | 178 | 56 | — | 56 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 134 | 111 | 23 | — | 23 | 272 | 217 | 55 | — | 55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 16 | 16 | — | — | — | 32 | 32 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and property expenses | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | 6 | 6 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment SG&A | 65 | 54 | (11) | — | (11) | 131 | 103 | (28) | — | (28) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment depreciation and amortization (b) | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | 6 | 2 | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income | 51 | 41 | 10 | — | 10 | 106 | 82 | 24 | — | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key Business Metrics | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System-wide sales growth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | (33.4) | % | 1.6 | % | (22.1) | % | 1.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | (25.2) | % | 9.8 | % | (14.5) | % | 9.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 24.0 | % | 8.8 | % | 28.1 | % | 7.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | (20.9) | % | 7.9 | % | (10.8) | % | 7.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System-wide sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | 1,108 | $ | 1,716 | $ | 2,490 | $ | 3,263 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | $ | 4,127 | $ | 5,717 | $ | 9,126 | $ | 11,006 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | $ | 1,247 | $ | 1,012 | $ | 2,505 | $ | 1,967 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | $ | 6,482 | $ | 8,445 | $ | 14,121 | $ | 16,236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comparable sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | (29.3) | % | 0.5 | % | (19.9) | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | (13.4) | % | 3.6 | % | (8.4) | % | 2.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 24.8 | % | 3.0 | % | 25.5 | % | 1.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net restaurant growth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | 1.3 | % | 1.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 4.2 | % | 5.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 6.7 | % | 6.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 3.9 | % | 5.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant count | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | 4,934 | 4,872 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 18,756 | 18,008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 3,369 | 3,156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 27,059 | 26,036 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comparable Sales
TH comparable sales were (29.3)% during the three months ended June 30, 2020, including Canada comparable sales of (29.9)%. TH comparable sales were (19.9)% during the six months ended June 30, 2020, including Canada comparable sales of (20.5)%.
BK comparable sales were (13.4)% during the three months ended June 30, 2020, including U.S. comparable sales of (9.9)%. BK comparable sales were (8.4)% during the six months ended June 30, 2020, including U.S. comparable sales of (8.2)%.
PLK comparable sales were 24.8% during the three months ended June 30, 2020, including U.S. comparable sales of 28.5%. PLK comparable sales were 25.5% during the six months ended June 30, 2020, including U.S. comparable sales of 28.8%.
Sales and Cost of Sales
Sales include TH supply chain sales and sales from Company restaurants. TH supply chain sales represent sales of products, supplies and restaurant equipment, as well as sales to retailers. Sales from Company restaurants, including sales by our consolidated TH Restaurant VIEs, represent restaurant-level sales to our guests.
Cost of sales includes costs associated with the management of our TH supply chain, including cost of goods, direct labor and depreciation, as well as the cost of products sold to retailers. Cost of sales also includes food, paper and labor costs of Company restaurants.
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During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in sales was driven primarily by a decrease of $160 million in our TH segment, a decrease of $4 million in our BK segment, a decrease of $2 million in our PLK segment, and an unfavorable FX Impact of $17 million. The decrease in our TH segment was driven by a decrease in supply chain sales due to the decrease in system-wide sales, net of an increase in sales to retailers.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in sales was driven primarily by a decrease of $173 million in our TH segment, a decrease of $6 million in our BK segment, a decrease of $1 million in our PLK segment, and an unfavorable FX Impact of $22 million. The decrease in our TH segment was driven by a $183 million decrease in supply chain sales due to the decrease in system-wide sales, net of an increase in sales to retailers. The decrease in supply chain sales was partially offset by an increase of $10 million in Company restaurant revenue due to an increase in the number of Company restaurants.
While we cannot currently estimate the duration or future negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our system-wide sales and sales revenue, we expect the negative effects to continue into the third quarter of 2020.
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in cost of sales was driven primarily by a decrease of $100 million in our TH segment, a decrease of $1 million in our BK segment, and a $13 million favorable FX Impact. The decrease in our TH segment was driven primarily by a decrease of $103 million in supply chain cost of sales due to a decrease in system-wide sales, net of an increase in sales to retailers and an increase in bad debt expense. The decrease in supply chain cost of sales was partially offset by a $3 million increase in Company restaurant cost of sales due to an increase in the number of Company restaurants.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in cost of sales was driven primarily by a decrease of $102 million in our TH segment, a decrease of $2 million in our BK segment, and a $17 million favorable FX Impact. The decrease in our TH segment was driven primarily by a decrease of $112 million in supply chain cost of sales due to a decrease in system-wide sales, net of an increase in sales to retailers and an increase in bad debt expense. The decrease in supply chain cost of sales was partially offset by a $10 million increase in Company restaurant cost of sales due to an increase in the number of Company restaurants.
Franchise and Property
Franchise and property revenues consist primarily of royalties earned on franchise sales (including advertising fund revenues), rents from real estate leased or subleased to franchisees, franchise fees, and other revenue. Franchise and property expenses consist primarily of depreciation of properties leased to franchisees, rental expense associated with properties subleased to franchisees, amortization of franchise agreements, and bad debt expense (recoveries).
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in franchise and property revenues was driven by a decrease of $89 million in our TH segment, a decrease of $87 million in our BK segment, and a $18 million unfavorable FX Impact, partially offset by an increase of $25 million in our PLK segment. The decreases in our TH and BK segments were primarily driven by decreases in royalties and rent from decreases in system-wide sales and rent relief provided to eligible franchisees during the current period. The increase in our PLK segment was primarily driven by an increase in royalties as a result of an increase in system-wide sales.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in franchise and property revenues was driven by a decrease of $119 million in our TH segment, a decrease of $101 million in our BK segment, and a $27 million unfavorable FX Impact, partially offset by an increase of $56 million in our PLK segment. The decreases in our TH and BK segments were primarily driven by decreases in royalties and rent from decreases in system-wide sales and rent relief provided to eligible franchisees during the current period. The increase in our PLK segment was primarily driven by an increase in royalties as a result of an increase in system-wide sales.
We cannot currently estimate the duration or future negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our system-wide sales and, along with rent concessions provided to eligible franchisees as a result of COVID-19, the impact on our franchise and property revenues. We expect these negative effects to continue into the third quarter of 2020.
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in franchise and property expenses was driven by a decrease of $4 million in our TH segment and a $3 million favorable FX Impact, partially offset by an increase of $6 million in our BK segment. Overall, the decrease was driven by a decrease in property expenses partially offset by an increase in bad debt expense.
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During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in franchise and property expenses was driven by a decrease of $6 million in our TH segment and a $4 million favorable FX Impact, partially offset by an increase of $2 million in our BK segment. Overall, the decrease was driven by a decrease in property expenses partially offset by an increase in bad debt expense.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Our selling, general and administrative expenses were comprised of the following:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Variance | Six Months Ended June 30, | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment SG&A: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | 61 | $ | 77 | $ | 16 | 20.8 | % | $ | 148 | $ | 159 | $ | 11 | 6.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 135 | 149 | 14 | 9.4 | % | 280 | 290 | 10 | 3.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 65 | 54 | (11) | (20.4) | % | 131 | 103 | (28) | (27.2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense | 23 | 19 | (4) | (21.1) | % | 44 | 44 | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 4 | 4 | — | — | % | 9 | 9 | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees | 7 | 11 | 4 | 36.4 | % | 8 | 17 | 9 | 52.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office centralization and relocation costs | — | 2 | 2 | 100.0 | % | — | 6 | 6 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 295 | $ | 316 | $ | 21 | 6.6 | % | $ | 620 | $ | 628 | $ | 8 | 1.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment selling, general and administrative expenses (“Segment SG&A”) include segment selling expenses, which consist primarily of advertising fund expenses, and segment general and administrative expenses, which are comprised primarily of salary and employee-related costs for non-restaurant employees, professional fees, information technology systems, and general overhead for our corporate offices. Segment SG&A excludes share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees, and Office centralization and relocation costs.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the decrease in Segment SG&A in our TH and BK segments is primarily due to a decrease in advertising fund expenses. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the increase in Segment SG&A in our PLK segment is primarily due to an increase in advertising fund expenses resulting from an increase in advertising fund revenue.
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the increase in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense was primarily due to an increase in equity award modifications and an increase in the number of equity awards granted during 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense was consistent with prior year.
(Income) Loss from Equity Method Investments
(Income) loss from equity method investments reflects our share of investee net income or loss, non-cash dilution gains or losses from changes in our ownership interests in equity method investees, and basis difference amortization.
The change in (income) loss from equity method investments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily driven by an increase in equity method investment net losses that we recognized during the current year.
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Other Operating Expenses (Income), net
Our other operating expenses (income), net were comprised of the following:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings | $ | — | $ | (10) | $ | (2) | $ | (7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Litigation settlements (gains) and reserves, net | 1 | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange | 18 | 12 | 10 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | 2 | 1 | (4) | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | $ | 21 | $ | 3 | $ | 5 | $ | (14) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net losses (gains) on disposal of assets, restaurant closures, and refranchisings represent sales of properties and other costs related to restaurant closures and refranchisings. Gains and losses recognized in the current period may reflect certain costs related to closures and refranchisings that occurred in previous periods.
Net losses (gains) on foreign exchange is primarily related to revaluation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities.
Interest Expense, net
Our interest expense, net and the weighted average interest rate on our long-term debt were as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | $ | 128 | $ | 137 | $ | 247 | $ | 269 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate on long-term debt | 4.3 | % | 5.2 | % | 4.8 | % | 5.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, interest expense, net decreased primarily due to a decrease in the weighted average interest rate in the current year driven by the decrease in interest rates and the 2019 refinancing of our senior secured debt, partially offset by an increase in long-term debt.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective tax rate was (42.3)% and 27.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2020 reflects a $64 million benefit due to an increase in deferred tax assets which decreased the effective tax rate by (55.2)%. Based on the analysis of final guidance related to the Tax Act received during the current quarter, a deferred tax asset was recorded. Our effective tax rate was also lower primarily due to changes to the relative mix of our income from multiple tax jurisdictions and the impact of internal financing arrangements. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2019 included a non-recurring $37 million increase in the provision for unrecognized tax benefits related to a prior restructuring transaction that was not applicable to ongoing operations which increased the effective tax rate by 10.4%.
Our effective tax rate was (0.9)% and 23.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 reflects a $64 million benefit discussed above which decreased the effective tax rate by (16.5)%. Our effective tax rate was also lower primarily due to changes to the relative mix of our income from multiple tax jurisdictions and the impact of internal financing arrangements. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 included a non-recurring $37 million increase in the provision discussed above which increased the effective tax rate by 5.6% during the period.
There may be some quarter-to-quarter volatility of our effective tax rate in future quarters as our mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions and related income forecasts change due to the potential effects of COVID-19.
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Net Income
We reported net income of $164 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to net income of $257 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in net income is primarily due to a $140 million decrease in TH segment income, a $92 million decrease in BK segment income, an $18 million unfavorable change in the results from other operating expenses (income), net, a $9 million unfavorable change from the impact of equity method investments, a $4 million increase in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, and a $1 million increase in depreciation and amortization. These factors were partially offset by a $146 million favorable change in income taxes, a $10 million increase in PLK segment income, a $9 million decrease in interest expense, net, a $4 million decrease in Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees, and the non-recurrence of $2 million in Office Centralization and relocation costs. Amounts above include a total unfavorable FX Impact to net income of $15 million.
We reported net income of $388 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to net income of $503 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in net income is primarily due to a $188 million decrease in TH segment income, a $114 million decrease in BK segment income, a $19 million unfavorable change in the results from other operating expenses (income), net, and a $12 million unfavorable change from the impact of equity method investments. These factors were partially offset by a $156 million favorable change in income taxes, a $24 million increase in PLK segment income, a $22 million decrease in interest expense, net, a $9 million decrease in Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees, the non-recurrence of $6 million in Office Centralization and relocation costs, and a $1 million decrease in depreciation and amortization. Amounts above include a total unfavorable FX Impact to net income of $24 million.
While we cannot currently estimate the duration or future negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our net income, we expect the negative effects to continue into the third quarter of 2020.
Non-GAAP Reconciliations
The table below contains information regarding EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, which are non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures do not have a standardized meaning under U.S. GAAP and may differ from similar captioned measures of other companies in our industry. We believe that these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors in assessing our operating performance, as they provide them with the same tools that management uses to evaluate our performance and is responsive to questions we receive from both investors and analysts. By disclosing these non-GAAP measures, we intend to provide investors with a consistent comparison of our operating results and trends for the periods presented. EBITDA is defined as earnings (net income or loss) before interest expense, net, loss on early extinguishment of debt, income tax (benefit) expense, and depreciation and amortization and is used by management to measure operating performance of the business. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA excluding (i) the non-cash impact of share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense, (ii) (income) loss from equity method investments, net of cash distributions received from equity method investments, (iii) other operating expenses (income), net and, (iv) income/expenses from non-recurring projects and non-operating activities. For the periods referenced, this included costs incurred in connection with the centralization and relocation of our Canadian and U.S. restaurant support centers to new offices in Toronto, Ontario, and Miami, Florida, respectively and corporate restructuring and related tax advisory fees, including those arising as a result of the adoption of the Tax Act and the implementing regulations thereunder. Management believes that these types of expenses are either not related to our underlying profitability drivers or not likely to re-occur in the foreseeable future and the varied timing, size and nature of these projects may cause volatility in our results unrelated to the performance of our core business that does not reflect trends of our core operations.
Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure operating performance of the business, excluding these non-cash and other specifically identified items that management believes are not relevant to management’s assessment of our operating business. Adjusted EBITDA, as defined above, also represents our measure of segment income for each of our three operating segments.
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| Three Months Ended June 30, | Variance | Six Months Ended June 30, | Variance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | 2020 | 2019 | Favorable / (Unfavorable) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TH | $ | 147 | $ | 287 | $ | (140) | (48.9) | % | $ | 336 | $ | 524 | $ | (188) | (35.8) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BK | 160 | 252 | (92) | (36.7) | % | 360 | 474 | (114) | (24.1) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PLK | 51 | 41 | 10 | 23.9 | % | 106 | 82 | 24 | 28.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 358 | 580 | (222) | (38.3) | % | 802 | 1,080 | (278) | (25.8) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense | 23 | 19 | (4) | (21.1) | % | 44 | 44 | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees | 7 | 11 | 4 | 36.4 | % | 8 | 17 | 9 | 52.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office centralization and relocation costs | — | 2 | 2 | 100.0 | % | — | 6 | 6 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of equity method investments (a) | 18 | 9 | (9) | (100.0) | % | 22 | 10 | (12) | (120.0) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses (income), net | 21 | 3 | (18) | (600.0) | % | 5 | (14) | (19) | (135.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | 289 | 536 | (247) | (46.1) | % | 723 | 1,017 | (294) | (28.9) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 46 | 45 | (1) | (2.2) | % | 91 | 92 | 1 | 1.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 243 | 491 | (248) | (50.5) | % | 632 | 925 | (293) | (31.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 128 | 137 | 9 | 6.6 | % | 247 | 269 | 22 | 8.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (49) | 97 | 146 | 150.5 | % | (3) | 153 | 156 | 102.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 164 | $ | 257 | $ | (93) | (36.2) | % | $ | 388 | $ | 503 | $ | (115) | (22.9) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Represents (i) (income) loss from equity method investments and (ii) cash distributions received from our equity method investments. Cash distributions received from our equity method investments are included in segment income.
The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 reflects the decreases in segment income in our TH and BK segments, which includes decreases of $12 million and $32 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, related to the timing of advertising fund revenue and expenses, partially offset by an increase in segment income in our PLK segment.
The decrease in EBITDA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 is primarily due to decreases in segment income in our TH and BK segments, unfavorable results from the impact of equity method investments and other operating expenses (income), net, and an increase in share-based compensation and non-cash incentive compensation expense in the current period, partially offset by an increase in segment income in our PLK segment, a decrease in Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees, and the non-recurrence of Office centralization and relocation costs in the current period.
While we cannot currently estimate the duration or future negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our segment income, Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDA, we expect the negative effects to continue into the third quarter of 2020.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash generated by operations, and borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below). We have used, and may in the future use, our liquidity to make required interest and/or principal payments, to repurchase our common shares, to repurchase Class B exchangeable limited partnership units of Partnership (“Partnership exchangeable units”), to voluntarily prepay and repurchase our or one of our affiliate’s outstanding debt, to fund our investing activities, and to pay dividends on our common shares and make distributions on the Partnership exchangeable units. As a result of our borrowings, we are highly leveraged. Our liquidity requirements are significant, primarily due to debt service requirements.
As of June 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,540 million, working capital of $943 million and borrowing availability of $998 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). During the first quarter of 2020, we drew down $995 million on our Revolving Credit Facility, which we repaid during the second quarter of 2020. During the first quarter of 2020, we also drew down the remaining availability of C$125 million under the TH Facility (defined below). Additionally, on April 7, 2020, two of our subsidiaries (the "Borrowers") entered into an indenture (the "2020 5.75% Senior Notes Indenture") in connection with the issuance of $500 million of 5.75% first lien notes due April 15, 2025
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(the "2020 5.75% Senior Notes"). No principal payments are due until maturity and interest is paid semi-annually. The net proceeds from the offering of the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes were used for general corporate purposes. Based on our current level of operations and available cash, we believe our cash flow from operations, combined with our availability under our Revolving Credit Facility, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our current obligations, debt service requirements and capital spending over the next twelve months.
Our operating results substantially depend upon our franchisees’ sales volumes, restaurant profitability, and financial stability. The financial impact of COVID-19 has had, and is expected to continue for an uncertain period to have, an adverse effect on our franchisees’ liquidity and we are working closely with our franchisees around the world to monitor and assist them with access to appropriate sources of liquidity in order to sustain their businesses throughout this crisis. During the second quarter of 2020, we provided cash flow support by extending loans to eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and advancing certain cash payments to eligible TH franchisees in Canada. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we initiated a rent relief program for eligible TH franchisees in Canada and extended payment terms for eligible TH franchisees in Canada and the U.S. who lease property from us and also initiated rent relief programs and extended payment terms for eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and Canada who lease property from us. We also temporarily deferred franchisee capital investment commitments for restaurant renovations and new restaurant development globally, based on individual circumstances of relevant markets and restaurant owners. These actions are expected to adversely affect our cash flow and financial results at least through the third quarter of 2020. In addition to these actions, we may decide to take additional steps to assist in the financial stabilization of our franchisees, which could impact our liquidity and our financial results.
On August 2, 2016, our board of directors approved a share repurchase authorization that allows us to purchase up to $300 million of our common shares through July 2021. Repurchases under the Company’s authorization will be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. On August 6, 2020, we announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”) had accepted the notice of our intention to renew the normal course issuer bid. Under this normal course issuer bid, we are permitted to repurchase up to 30,000,015 common shares for the one-year period commencing on August 8, 2020 and ending on August 7, 2021, or earlier if we complete the repurchases prior to such date. Share repurchases under the normal course issuer bid will be made through the facilities of the TSX, the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and/or other exchanges and alternative Canadian or foreign trading systems, if eligible, or by such other means as may be permitted by the TSX and/or the NYSE under applicable law. Shareholders may obtain a copy of the prior notice, free of charge, by contacting us.
Prior to the Tax Act, we provided deferred taxes on certain undistributed foreign earnings. Under our transition to a modified territorial tax system whereby all previously untaxed undistributed foreign earnings were subject to a transition tax charge at reduced rates and future repatriations of foreign earnings generally will be exempt from U.S. tax, we wrote off the existing deferred tax liability on undistributed foreign earnings and recorded the impact of the new transition tax charge on foreign earnings during the fourth quarter of 2017. We will continue to monitor available evidence and our plans for foreign earnings and expect to continue to provide any applicable deferred taxes based on the tax liability or withholding taxes that would be due upon repatriation of amounts not considered permanently reinvested.
Debt Instruments and Debt Service Requirements
As of June 30, 2020, our long-term debt consists primarily of borrowings under our Credit Facilities, amounts outstanding under our 2017 4.25% Senior Notes, 2019 3.875% Senior Notes, 2020 5.75% Senior Notes, 2017 5.00% Senior Notes, 2019 4.375% Senior Notes and TH Facility (each as defined below), and obligations under finance leases. For further information about our long-term debt, see Note 10 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Credit Facilities
As of June 30, 2020, there was $6,064 million outstanding principal amount under our senior secured term loan facilities (the "Term Loan Facilities") with a weighted average interest rate of 1.84%. Based on the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan Facilities and LIBOR as of June 30, 2020, subject to a floor of 0.00%, required debt service for the next twelve months is estimated to be approximately $112 million in interest payments and $72 million in principal payments. In addition, based on LIBOR as of June 30, 2020, net cash settlements that we expect to pay on our $4,000 million interest rate swap are estimated to be approximately $89 million for the next twelve months.
On April 2, 2020, the Borrowers entered into a fifth amendment (the "Fifth Amendment") to the credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") governing our Term Loan Facilities and Revolving Credit Facility. The Fifth Amendment provides the Borrowers with the option to comply with a $1,000 million minimum liquidity covenant in lieu of the 6.50:1.00 net first lien senior secured leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant for the period after June 30, 2020 and prior to September 30, 2021. Additionally, for the periods ending September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021, to determine compliance with the net
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first lien senior secured leverage ratio, we are permitted to annualize the Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the three months ending September 30, 2021 and six months ending December 31, 2021, respectively, in lieu of calculating the ratio based on Adjusted EBITDA for the prior four quarters. There were no other material changes to the terms of the Credit Agreement.
The interest rate applicable to borrowings under our Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility is, at our option, either (i) a base rate, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus an applicable margin varying from 0.00% to 0.50%, or (ii) a Eurocurrency rate, subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin varying between 0.75% to 1.50%, in each case, determined by reference to a net first lien leverage based pricing grid. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under our Term Loan B is, at our option, either (i) a base rate, subject to a floor of 1.00%, plus an applicable margin of 0.75% or (ii) a Eurocurrency rate, subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin of 1.75%.
As of June 30, 2020, we had no amounts outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility, had $2 million of letters of credit issued against the Revolving Credit Facility, and our borrowing availability was $998 million. Funds available under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used to repay other debt, finance debt or share repurchases, fund acquisitions or capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes. We have a $125 million letter of credit sublimit as part of the Revolving Credit Facility, which reduces our borrowing availability thereunder by the cumulative amount of outstanding letters of credit.
Senior Notes
The Borrowers are party to (i) an indenture (the “2017 4.25% Senior Notes Indenture”) in connection with the issuance of $1,500 million of 4.25% first lien senior notes due May 15, 2024 (the “2017 4.25% Senior Notes”), (ii) an indenture (the “2019 3.875% Senior Notes Indenture”) in connection with the issuance of $750 million of 3.875% first lien senior notes due January 15, 2028 (the “2019 3.875% Senior Notes”), (iii) an indenture (the “2017 5.00% Senior Notes Indenture”) in connection with the issuance of $2,800 million of 5.00% second lien senior notes due October 15, 2025 (the “2017 5.00% Senior Notes”), (iv) an indenture (the “2019 4.375% Senior Notes Indenture” and together with the above indentures the "Senior Notes Indentures") in connection with the issuance of $750 million of 4.375% second lien senior notes due January 15, 2028 (the “2019 4.375% Senior Notes”) and (v) the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes Indenture described above. No principal payments are due on the 2017 4.25% Senior Notes, 2019 3.875% Senior Notes, 2017 5.00% Senior Notes, 2019 4.375% Senior Notes and 2020 5.75% Senior Notes until maturity and interest is paid semi-annually.
Based on the amounts outstanding at June 30, 2020, required debt service for the next twelve months on all of the Senior Notes outstanding is approximately $294 million in interest payments.
TH Facility
One of our subsidiaries entered into a non-revolving delayed drawdown term credit facility in a total aggregate principal amount of C$225 million with a maturity date of October 4, 2025 (the “TH Facility”). The interest rate applicable to the TH Facility is the Canadian Bankers’ Acceptance rate plus an applicable margin equal to 1.40% or the Prime Rate plus an applicable margin equal to 0.40%, at our option. Obligations under the TH Facility are guaranteed by four of our subsidiaries, and amounts borrowed under the TH Facility are secured by certain parcels of real estate. As of June 30, 2020, we had outstanding C$225 million under the TH Facility with a weighted average interest rate of 1.93%.
Based on the amounts outstanding under the TH Facility as of June 30, 2020, required debt service for the next twelve months is estimated to be approximately $3 million in interest payments and $4 million in principal payments.
Restrictions and Covenants
As of June 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all applicable financial debt covenants under the Credit Facilities, the TH Facility, and the Senior Notes Indentures.
Cash Dividends
Our board of directors has declared a cash dividend of $0.52 per common share, which will be paid on October 2, 2020 to common shareholders of record on September 18, 2020. Partnership will also make a distribution in respect of each Partnership exchangeable unit in the amount of $0.52 per Partnership exchangeable unit, and the record date and payment date for distributions on Partnership exchangeable units are the same as the record date and payment date set forth above.
In addition, because we are a holding company, our ability to pay cash dividends on our common shares may be limited by restrictions under our debt agreements. Although we do not have a formal dividend policy, our board of directors may, subject to compliance with the covenants contained in our debt agreements and other considerations, determine to pay dividends in the future. We expect to pay all dividends from cash generated from our operations.
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Outstanding Security Data
As of July 31, 2020, we had outstanding 303,113,259 common shares and one special voting share. The special voting share is held by a trustee, entitling the trustee to that number of votes on matters on which holders of common shares are entitled to vote equal to the number of Partnership exchangeable units outstanding. The trustee is required to cast such votes in accordance with voting instructions provided by holders of Partnership exchangeable units. At any shareholder meeting of the Company, holders of our common shares vote together as a single class with the special voting share except as otherwise provided by law. For information on our share-based compensation and our outstanding equity awards, see Note 15 to the audited consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 21, 2020.
There were 162,426,062 Partnership exchangeable units outstanding as of July 31, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, Partnership exchanged 2,672,900 Partnership exchangeable units pursuant to exchange notices received. Since December 12, 2015, the holders of Partnership exchangeable units have had the right to require Partnership to exchange all or any portion of such holder’s Partnership exchangeable units for our common shares at a ratio of one share for each Partnership exchangeable unit, subject to our right as the general partner of Partnership to determine to settle any such exchange for a cash payment in lieu of our common shares.
Comparative Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $196 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $475 million during the same period in the prior year. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was driven by a decrease in TH segment income, a decrease in BK segment income and an increase in cash used for working capital. These factors were partially offset by a decrease in income tax payments, a decrease in interest payments and an increase in PLK segment income.
Investing Activities
Cash used for investing activities was $12 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $23 million of cash provided from investing activities during the same period in the prior year. The change in investing activities was driven by an increase in capital expenditures during the current period and a decrease in net proceeds from disposal of assets, restaurant closures and refranchisings.
Financing Activities
Cash used for financing activities was $161 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $395 million during the same period in the prior year. The change in financing activities was driven primarily by proceeds from the issuance of the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes and proceeds from the draw down on the remaining availability under the TH Facility, partially offset by an increase in RBI common share dividends and distributions on Partnership exchangeable units and a decrease in proceeds from stock option exercises.
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Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Except as described herein, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations, which are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 21, 2020, other than the following.
During the first quarter of 2020, we drew down the remaining availability of C$125 million under the TH Facility. Additionally, on April 7, 2020, we obtained the proceeds from the 2020 5.75% Senior Notes. Each of these terms is defined and described above. The following table provides contractual obligations under our Credit Facilities, senior notes and other long term debt as of June 30, 2020, which reflects all of the debt transactions disclosed above.
| Payment Due by Period as of June 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual Obligations | Total | Less Than 1 Year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | More Than 5 Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit Facilities, including interest (a) | $ | 6,750 | $ | 186 | $ | 383 | $ | 989 | $ | 5,192 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior Notes, including interest (b) | 7,891 | 294 | 589 | 2,511 | 4,497 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other long term debt | 183 | 7 | 23 | 36 | 117 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)We have estimated our interest payments through the maturity of our Credit Facilities based on LIBOR as of June 30, 2020.
(b)Amounts included herein for the Senior Notes exclude amounts for the Tim Hortons Notes.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
For information regarding our Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, see the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 21, 2020. Additionally, see the “COVID-19” section of Note 1 to the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on asset impairment assessments.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 – New Accounting Pronouncements in the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
There were no material changes during the six months ended June 30, 2020 to the disclosures made in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 21, 2020.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and Exchange Act Rules 15d-15(e)) as of June 30, 2020. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, confirm there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain information contained in this report, including information regarding future financial performance and plans, targets, aspirations, expectations, and objectives of management, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws. We refer to all of these as forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are forward-looking in nature and, accordingly, are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of words such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “continue”, “will”, “may”, “could”, “would”, “target”, “potential” and other similar expressions and include, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations or beliefs regarding (i) the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations, business, liquidity and prospects and those of our franchisees, (ii) our future financial obligations, including annual debt service requirements, capital expenditures and dividend payments, our ability to meet such obligations and the source of funds used to satisfy such obligations; (iii) our efforts to assist restaurant owners in maintaining liquidity; (iv) the amount and timing of additional Corporate restructuring and tax advisory fees related to the Tax Act and Office centralization and relocation costs; (v) certain tax matters, including the impact of the Tax Act on future periods; (vi) the amount of net cash settlements we expect to pay on our derivative instruments; and (vii) certain accounting matters.
Our forward-looking statements, included in this report and elsewhere, represent management’s expectations as of the date that they are made. Our forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and analyses made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. However, these forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, among other things, risks related to: (1) our substantial indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations; (2) global economic or other business conditions that may affect the desire or ability of our customers to purchase our products and supply chain, such as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflationary pressures, high unemployment levels, declines in median income growth, consumer confidence and consumer discretionary spending and changes in consumer perceptions of dietary health and food safety; (3) our relationship with, and the success of, our franchisees and risks related to our fully franchised business model; (4) our franchisees’ financial stability and their ability to access and maintain the liquidity necessary to operate their businesses; (5) supply chain operations; (6) our ownership and leasing of real estate; (7) the effectiveness of our marketing and advertising programs and franchisee support of these programs; (8) significant and rapid fluctuations in interest rates and in the currency exchange markets and the effectiveness of our hedging activity; (9) our ability to successfully implement our domestic and international growth strategy for our brands and risks related to our international operations; (10) our reliance on master franchisees and subfranchisees to accelerate restaurant growth; (11) the ability of the counterparties to our credit facilities and derivatives to fulfill their commitments and/or obligations; and (12) changes in applicable tax laws or interpretations thereof, and risks related to the complexity of the Tax Act and our ability to accurately interpret and predict its impact on our financial condition and results.
We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment and our inability to successfully manage any of the above risks may permit our competitors to increase their market share and may decrease our profitability. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Finally, our future results will depend upon various other risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those detailed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC and Canadian securities regulatory authorities on February 21, 2020, as well as other materials that we from time to time file with, or furnish to, the SEC or file with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this section and elsewhere in this report. Other than as required under securities laws, we do not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise.
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Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
On June 30, 2020, a class action complaint was filed against Restaurant Brands International Inc., Restaurant Brands International Limited Partnership and The TDL Group Corp. in the Quebec Superior Court by Steve Holcman, individually and on behalf of all Quebec residents who downloaded the Tim Hortons mobile application. On July 2, 2020, a Notice of Action related to a second class action complaint was filed against Restaurant Brands International Inc., in the Ontario Superior Court by Ashley Sitko and Ashley Cadeau, individually and on behalf of all Canadian residents who downloaded the Tim Hortons mobile application. Both of the complaints allege that the defendants violated the plaintiff’s privacy rights, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, consumer protection and competition laws or app-based undertakings to users, in each case in connection with the collection of geolocation data through the Tim Hortons mobile application. Each plaintiff seeks injunctive relief and monetary damages for himself or herself and other members of the class. We intend to vigorously defend against these lawsuits, but we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of either case.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The below updates the risk factor included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 21, 2020.
Our results can be adversely affected by unforeseen events, such as adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, terrorist attacks or threats, pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or other catastrophic events.
Unforeseen events, such as adverse weather conditions, natural disasters or catastrophic events, can adversely impact restaurant sales. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and severe adverse weather conditions and health pandemics whether occurring in Canada, the United States or abroad, can keep customers in the affected area from dining out, cause damage to or closure of restaurants and result in lost opportunities for our restaurants.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and governmental authorities around the world have implemented measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19. These measures have adversely affected workforces, customers, consumer sentiment, economies and financial markets, and, along with decreased consumer spending, have led to an economic downturn in many of our markets. As a result of COVID-19, we and our franchisees have experienced significant store closures and instances of reduced store-level operations, including reduced operating hours and dining-room closures. During 2020, our restaurants in the U.S. and Canada closed dine-in operations, continuing to offer drive-thru, delivery and take-out where possible, sometimes with limited hours, several markets in Asia, Europe and Latin America closed all restaurants, and many other international markets also have limited operations. As of the end of July, restaurants in most markets have reopened, often with limited operations. While certain markets have opened for dine-in guests, the capacity may be limited, and local conditions may lead to closures or increased limitations. As a result of COVID-19, restaurant traffic and system-wide sales have been significantly negatively impacted.
Our operating results substantially depend upon our franchisees’ sales volumes, restaurant profitability, and financial stability. The impact of COVID-19 has, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse effect on our franchisees’ liquidity. As a result, we are providing cash flow support by extending loans to eligible BK franchisees in the U.S. and advancing certain cash payments to eligible TH franchisees in Canada. For approximately 3,700 eligible locations where we have property control at Tim Hortons in Canada and Burger King in the United States and Canada, we have temporarily converted our rent structure from a combination of fixed plus variable rent to 100% variable rent, which provides relief in the face of declining sales. In addition, we have deferred rent payments for up to 45 days for certain other franchisees. These actions are expected to continue to adversely affect our cash flow and financial results in the upcoming quarter. In addition to these actions, we may decide to take additional steps to assist in the financial stabilization of our franchisees, which could impact our liquidity and our financial results. In addition, we are delaying the capital expenditure obligations of our franchisees relating to new restaurants, remodels and significant equipment deployments, which could adversely affect our growth once the COVID-19 pandemic has passed. To the extent that our franchisees experience financial distress, it could negatively affect (i) our operating results as a result of delayed or reduced payments of royalties, advertising fund contributions and rents for properties we lease to them or claims under our lease guarantees, (ii) our future revenue, earnings and cash flow growth and (iii) our financial condition.
COVID-19 or other events could lead to delays or interruptions in the delivery of food or other supplies to our franchised restaurants arising from delays or restrictions on shipping and/or manufacturing, closures of supplier or distributor facilities or financial distress or insolvency of suppliers or distributors and also could lead to difficulties in maintaining appropriate staffing of restaurants. Food distributors and suppliers often operate with thin margins and therefore may be more vulnerable to governmental actions which result in significantly reduced activity or to general economic downturns. As of December 31,
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2019, four distributors serviced approximately 92% of BK restaurants in the U.S. and five distributors serviced approximately 85% of PLK restaurants in the U.S. Consequently, our operations could be adversely affected if any of these distributors were unable to fulfill their responsibilities and we were unable to locate a substitute distributor in a timely manner. In addition, as COVID-19 may be transmitted through human contact, the risk or perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 could adversely affect the ability, or the cost, of staffing restaurants, which could be exacerbated to the extent that we or our franchisees have employees who test positive for the virus.
We cannot predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic or when operations will cease to be affected by it. Furthermore, we cannot predict the effects that actual or threatened armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, efforts to combat terrorism or heightened security requirements will have on our future operations. Because a significant portion of our restaurant operating costs are fixed or semi-fixed in nature, the loss of sales during these periods hurts our and our franchisees’ operating margins and can result in restaurant operating losses and our loss of royalties. We expect the COVID-19 pandemic to negatively impact our financial results and based on the duration and scope, such impact could be material.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document | |||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | |||||||
44
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL INC. (Registrant) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Date: August 6, 2020 | By: | /s/ Matthew Dunnigan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name: | Matthew Dunnigan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) (duly authorized officer) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
45
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, José E. Cil, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| /s/ José E. Cil | ||
| José E. Cil | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
Dated: August 6, 2020
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Matthew Dunnigan, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| /s/ Matthew Dunnigan | ||
| Matthew Dunnigan | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
Dated: August 6, 2020
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, José E. Cil, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ José E. Cil | ||
| José E. Cil | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
Dated: August 6, 2020
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Restaurant Brands International Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Matthew Dunnigan, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ Matthew Dunnigan | ||
| Matthew Dunnigan | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
Date: August 6, 2020