ZEO 10-Q
Zeo Energy Corp. (ZEO)
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
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For
the quarterly period ended
or
For the transition period from ____________ to ____________
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| The | ||||
| The |
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant
to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company |
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No
As of January 23, 2025, the registrant had
i
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
ZEO ENERGY CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| As of September 30, | As of December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Assets | (unaudited) | (as restated – see note 3) | ||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, including $ | ||||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Prepaid installation costs | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Property, equipment and other fixed assets, net | ||||||||
| Right -of-use operating lease asset | ||||||||
| Right-of-use finance lease asset | ||||||||
| Intangibles, net | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities, mezzanine equity and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, including $ | ||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | ||||||||
| Current portion of obligations under operating leases | ||||||||
| Current portion of obligations under finance leases | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities, including $ | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Obligations under operating leases, non-current | ||||||||
| Obligations under finance leases, non-current | ||||||||
| Other liabilities | ||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | ||||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | ||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | ||||||||
| Convertible preferred units | ||||||||
| Class B Units | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ (deficit) equity | ||||||||
| Class V common stock | ||||||||
| Class A common stock | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ (deficit) equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
ZEO ENERGY CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| (as restated - see note 3) | (as restated - see note 3) | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue, net of financing fees of $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Related party revenue, net of financing fees of $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below) | ||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other income (expenses), net: | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income before taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | ||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Less: Net loss attributable to Sunergy Renewables, LLC prior to the Business Combination | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss subsequent to the Business Combination | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Class A common stock | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
| Weighted average units outstanding, basic and diluted | ||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
ZEO ENERGY CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES
IN REDEEMABLE
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024
(UNAUDITED)
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Convertible Preferred Units | Class B | Common Units | Class V Common Stock | Class A Common Stock | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Units | Amount | Units | Units | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | (Deficit) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retroactive application of Business Combination (Note 1) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholder distributions | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss prior to the Business Combination | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effects of Business Combination | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Shares to third party advisors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Shares to backstop investor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reverse Recapitalization (Note 4) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Establishment of redeemable noncontrolling interests | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Activities subsequent to business combination | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsequent measurement of redeemable noncontrolling interests | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | - | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2024 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsequent measurement of redeemable noncontrolling interests | - | ( | ) | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | - | ( | ) | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued for services | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reverse recapitalization related deferred taxes and adjustments | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsequent measurement of redeemable noncontrolling interests | - | ( | ) | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | - | ( | ) | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | $ | - | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
ZEO ENERGY CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES
IN REDEEMABLE
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(UNAUDITED)
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | Retained | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible Preferred Units | Class B | Common Units | Class V Common Stock | Class A Common Stock | Additional Paid in | Earnings (Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Units | Amount | Units | Units | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit) | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retroactive application of Business Combination (Note 1) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholder distributions | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income prior to the Business Combination (as restated – see note 3) | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2023, as restated | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholder distributions | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income prior to the Business Combination (as restated – see note 3) | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2023, as restated | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholder distributions | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income prior to the Business Combination (as restated – see note 3) | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2023, as restated | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
ZEO ENERGY CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| (as restated – see note 3) | ||||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
| Adjustment to reconcile net (loss) income to cash (used in) provided by operating activities | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Gain on disposal of fixed assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Provision for credit losses | ||||||||
| Noncash operating lease expense | ||||||||
| Noncash finance lease expense | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation expense | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts receivable due from related parties | ( | ) | ||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid installation costs | ||||||||
| Prepaids and other current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Due from related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities due to related parties | ( | ) | ||||||
| Contract liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Contract liabilities due to related parties | ( | ) | ||||||
| Operating lease payments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from Investing Activities | ||||||||
| Purchases of property, equipment and other assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from Financing Activities | ||||||||
| Proceeds from the issuance of debt | ||||||||
| Repayments of finance lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from the issuance of convertible preferred stock, net of transaction costs | ||||||||
| Repayments of debt | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Distributions to members | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental Cash Flow Information | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-cash transactions | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred equity issuance costs | $ | $ | ||||||
| Issuance of Class A common stock to vendors | $ | $ | ||||||
| Issuance of Class A common stock to backstop investors | $ | $ | ||||||
| Issuance of Class A common stock for services | $ | $ | ||||||
| Preferred dividends | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATION
Zeo Energy Corp. (formerly known as ESGEN Acquisition Corporation or “ESGEN”), collectively with its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Zeo”) is in the business of marketing, sales and installation, warranty coverage and maintenance of solar panel technology to individual households within the United States. As part of this, the Company may also provide roofing repairs and construction.
Zeo Energy Corp. was a blank check company originally incorporated on April 19, 2021 as a Cayman Islands exempted company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On October 22, 2021, ESGEN consummated an initial public offering, after which its securities began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”).
Business Combination
On March 13,
2024 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated its previously announced business combination (the “Closing”),
pursuant to that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 19, 2023 (as amended on January 24, 2024, the “Business
Combination Agreement”), by and among Zeo Energy Corp., a Delaware corporation (f/k/a ESGEN Acquisition Corporation, a Cayman Islands
exempted company), ESGEN OpCo, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company(“OpCo”), Sunergy Renewables, LLC, a Nevada limited
liability company (“Sunergy”), the Sunergy equity holders set forth on the signature pages thereto or joined thereto (collectively,
“Sellers” and each, a “Seller”, and collectively with Sunergy, the “Sunergy Parties”), for limited
purposes, ESGEN LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), and for limited purposes, Timothy Bridgewater,
an individual, in his capacity as the Sellers Representative (collectively, the “Business Combination”). Prior to the Closing,
(i) except as otherwise specified in the Business Combination Agreement, each issued and outstanding Class B ordinary share of ESGEN
was converted into
In accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, Sunergy caused all holders of any options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase any equity interests of Sunergy or its subsidiaries or securities (including debt securities) convertible into or exchangeable for, or that otherwise confer on the holder any right to acquire, any equity interests of Sunergy or any subsidiary thereof (collectively, the “Sunergy Convertible Interests”) existing immediately prior to the Closing to either exchange or convert all such holder’s Sunergy Convertible Interests into limited liability interests of Sunergy (the “Sunergy Company Interests”) in accordance with the governing documents of Sunergy or the Sunergy Convertible Interests.
At the Closing,
ESGEN contributed to OpCo (1) all of its assets (excluding its interests in OpCo, but including the amount of cash in ESGEN’s Trust
Account (the “Trust Account”) as of immediately prior to the Closing (after giving effect to the exercise of redemption rights
by ESGEN stockholders), and (2) a number of newly issued shares of Class V common stock of the registrant, par value $
6
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Prior to the Closing, the Sellers transferred
As of the Closing Date, upon consummation of the Business Combination, the only outstanding shares of capital stock of the registrant were shares of Zeo Class A Common Stock and Zeo Class V Common Stock.
In connection
with entering into the Business Combination Agreement, ESGEN and the Sponsor entered into a subscription agreement, dated April 19, 2023,
which ESGEN, the Sponsor and OpCo subsequently amended and restated on January 24, 2024 (the “Sponsor Subscription Agreement”),
pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor agreed to purchase an aggregate of
Accounting for the Business Combination
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization with ESGEN being treated as the acquired company since there was no change in control in accordance with the guidance for common control transactions in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805-50, Business Combinations – Related Issues (“ASC 805-50”). Accordingly, the financial statements of the combined entity will represent a continuation of the financial statements of Sunergy with the Business Combination treated as the equivalent of Sunergy issuing stock for the net assets of ESGEN, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of ESGEN were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination were those of Sunergy.
Sunergy was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:
Based upon the evaluation of the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement, OpCo is considered to be a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) and ESGEN is considered to be the primary beneficiary through its membership interest and manager powers conferred to it through the Class A Units. For VIEs, the accounting acquirer is always considered to be the primary beneficiary. As such, Zeo will consolidate OpCo and will be considered the accounting acquirer; however, further consideration of whether the entities are under common control was required in order to determine whether there is an ultimate change in control and the acquisition method of accounting is required under ASC 805.
While Sunergy did not control or have common ownership of ESGEN prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company evaluated the ownership of the new entity subsequent to the consummation of the transaction to determine if common control existed. If the business combination is between entities under common control, then the acquisition method of accounting is not applicable and the guidance in ASC 805-50 regarding common control should be applied instead. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC does not include a definition of common control. In practice, entities with a common parent entity, as determined under ASC 810, Consolidation, are generally considered to be under common control. Emerging Issues Task force (“EITF”) Issue 02-5, “Definition of ‘Common Control’ in Relation to FASB Statement No. 141 (“EITF Issue 02-5”)”, which was never finalized or codified, has also been applied in practice to determine when entities are under common control. EITF Issue 02-5 indicates that common control would exist in any of the following situations:
| ● | An individual (including trusts in which the individual is the beneficial owner) or entity holds more than |
| ● | Immediate family members hold more than |
| ● | Group of stockholders holds more than |
7
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Prior to the Business Combination and the contributions to Sun Managers, Sunergy was majority owned by 5 entities (the “Primary Sellers”):
| ● | Southern Crown Holdings, LLC (wholly owned by Anton Hruby) — |
| ● | LAMADD LLC (wholly owned by Gianluca Guy) — |
| ● | JKae Holdings, LLC (wholly owned by Kalen Larsen) — |
| ● | Clarke Capital, LLC (wholly owned by Brandon Bridgewater) — |
| ● | White Horse Energy, LC (wholly owned by Timothy Bridgewater) — |
Each of the
above parties entered into a Voting Agreement, dated September 7, 2023. The term of the Voting Agreement is for
Prior to the
Business Combination and the contributions to Sun Managers, the Primary Sellers had
Additional factors that were considered include the following:
| ● | Since the Business Combination, the Board has been comprised of one individual designated by ESGEN and five individuals designated by Sunergy. |
| ● | Since the Business Combination, management of the Company has been the existing management at Sunergy immediately prior to the Business Combination. The individual that was serving as the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of Sunergy’s management team immediately prior to the Business Combination continues substantially unchanged upon completion of the Business Combination. |
For common control transactions that include the transfer of a business, the reporting entity is required to account for the transaction in accordance with the procedural guidance in ASC 805-50. The C Corporation (ESGEN) is considered to be a substantive entity, the LLC (OpCo) is a business and VIE, and the C Corporation is considered to be the accounting acquirer since it is the primary beneficiary of the LLC. In a transaction that is a combination of entities under common control, the acquirer (ESGEN) should recognize the acquired entity (OpCo and Sunergy) on the same basis as the entities’ common parent.
NOTE 2 - LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN
As of September 30, 2024, the Company had approximately $
The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. Historically, the Company’s primary source of funding to support operations has been cash flows from operations.
NOTE 3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and principles of Consolidation
The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These statements should be read in conjunction with Sunergy’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as included with the Company’s Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 23, 2025. The results reported in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of results for the full fiscal year.
8
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zeo Energy Corp., the accounts of Sunergy Renewables, LLC, Sun First Energy, LLC, Sunergy Solar LLC and Sunergy Roofing and Construction, Inc., all wholly owned subsidiaries, and ESGEN Opco, a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The December 31, 2023 balances reported herein are derived from the condensed consolidated financial statements of Sunergy as included with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A Amendment No. 3, filed with the SEC on January 23, 2025.
Restatement to Previously Reported Financial Statements
On November 13, 2024, the audit committee of the board of directors of Zeo Energy Corp. (the “Company”), after discussion with the management of the Company, concluded that (i) the Company’s previously issued financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 included in the Company’s Form 8-K as filed with SEC on March 20, 2024 and as amended on March 25, 2024 and August 19, 2024 (the “8-K”), (ii) the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A as filed with the SEC on August 19, 2024 (the “Q1 10-Q”), (iii) the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for three and six months ended June 30, 2024 included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the SEC on August 19, 2024 (the “Q2 10-Q” and the Q3 2023 financial statements as filed in the Esgen Acquisition Corporation Form S-4 amendment No.4 (S4/A) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 7, 2024, and together with the Q1 10-Q, the “10-Qs”) and (iv) the financial statements noted in items (i) through (iii) above included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (the “S-1”), which was declared effective by the SEC on October 1, 2024, should no longer be relied upon due to the misstatement described below.
During the preparation of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company’s management identified the following misstatements, to the Company’s financial statements:
| ● | For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) included selling expenses related to commissions earned by the sales team and third party dealers related to obtaining sales orders and contracts. The Company has further determined that selling expenses should not be included in the cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) but instead in sales and marketing expense as they do not relate to the direct delivery of the product or service but rather to the acquiring of the customer and sale of the product or service. This misstatement has no impact on total operating expenses, (loss) income from operations or net (loss) income. Additionally, this misstatement has no impact on the balance sheets, statements of changes in redeemable noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ equity or statements of cash flows. |
| ● | As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023, finance lease assets and liabilities were included in property, equipment and other fixed assets, net and in the current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt. The Company has further determined that the vehicles should be recorded as right-of-use finance lease assets and finance lease liabilities. Adjustments have been made to depreciation and amortization expense and interest expense on the statement of operations as well as adjustments to reflect the presentation of finance leases in the statement of cash flows. |
9
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
| ● | For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, adjustments have been made to reflect the correct presentation of operating leases within the statement of cash flows. This has no impact on total operating cash flows. |
| ● | For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, due to the nature of the underlying costs, reclassifications of expenses have been made between cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), sales and marketing and general and administrative. This misstatement has no impact on total operating expenses, (loss) income from operations or net (loss) income. Additionally, this misstatement has no impact on the balance sheets, statements of changes in redeemable noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ equity or statements of cash flows. |
This Note discloses the nature of the restatement adjustments and discloses the cumulative effects of these adjustments included in the Original S-4. The effects of the misstatements have been corrected in all impacted tables and footnotes throughout these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
| As reported | Adjustment | As restated | ||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| (Loss) Income from operations | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Total other income (expense), net | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| As reported | Adjustment | As restated | ||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| (Loss) Income from operations | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Total other income (expense), net | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
10
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
| As reported | Adjustment | As restated | ||||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||||||
| Net income prior to the business combination | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net income prior to the business combination | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net income prior to the business combination | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||
| Net income prior to the business combination | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net income prior to the business combination | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net income prior to the business combination | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| As reported | Adjustment | As restated | ||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ||||||||||||
| Net Income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Adjustment to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Non-cash operating lease expense | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-cash finance lease expense | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash flows from Investing Activities | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from Financing Activities | ||||||||||||
| Issuance of debt | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Repayments of finance lease | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Non-cash transactions | ||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires it to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Some of the more significant estimates include fair value of warrant liabilities, redemption value of non-controlling interest, subsequent realizability of intangible assets, useful lives of depreciation and amortization and collectability of accounts receivable. Due to the uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results could differ from those estimates which could have a material effect on the financial condition and results of operations in future periods.
The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment and on various other judgements that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment could have a material effect on the financial condition and results of future operations in future periods.
Segments Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is evaluated regularly by our chief executive officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, the Company operates and manages its business as one operating and reportable segment.
11
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the purchase date to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash in checking and savings accounts. Income generated from cash held in savings accounts is recorded as interest income. The carrying value of the Company’s savings accounts is included in cash and cash equivalents and approximates the fair value.
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses
Accounts receivable is presented at the invoiced receivable amounts,
less any allowance for any potential expected credit loss amounts, and do not bear interest. The Company estimates allowance for credit
losses based on the creditworthiness of each customer, historical collections experience, forward looking information and other information
including the aging of the receivables. This analysis resulted in an allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2024, and December
31, 2023 of $
Significant judgement is involved in determination of the collectability of accounts receivable. Management assesses the reasonability of collectability of accounts receivable on a quarterly basis to record the allowance for credit losses.
In September 2024, based on a reassessment of creditworthiness of customers, historical collections experience, forward looking information and other information including the aging of the receivables, the Company revised its estimate of allowance for credit losses.
This change in estimate has been accounted for prospectively in accordance
with ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. In accordance with its policy, the Company reviews the estimated
allowance for credit losses on an ongoing basis. This review indicated that the estimated allowance for credit losses in the Company’s
consolidated financial statements should be increased. As a result, effective September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a change in estimate
to increase the three and nine months provision for credit losses by $
Prepaid installation costs
Prepaid installation costs include costs incurred prior to completion of installations of solar systems. Such costs include the cost of engineering, permits, governmental fees, and other related solar installation costs. These costs are charged to Cost of goods sold when each installation is completed.
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of employee advances, advanced sales commissions, prepaid insurance, and other current assets.
Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments
that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable.
The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalent balances in highly rated financial institutions, which at times may exceed federally
insured limits. The amounts over these insured limits as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023 were $
The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and also monitors the financial condition of the financial counterparties that finance customer transactions and generally does not require collateral. No one customer or financing counterparty exceeded 10% of accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023.
Inventories
Inventories
are primarily comprised of solar panels and other related items necessary for installations and service needs. Inventories are accounted
for on a first-in-first-out basis and are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value, where cost is determined using a weighted-average
cost method. When evidence exists that the net realizable value of inventory is lower than its cost, the difference is recognized as
cost of goods sold in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, inventory
was $
Property, equipment and other fixed assets
Property, equipment and other fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and includes expenditures that substantially increase the useful lives of existing property and equipment. Maintenance, repairs, and minor renovations are charged to expense as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts, and any difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized as a gain or loss on disposal in the condensed consolidated Statements of Operations.
12
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Software that is developed for internal use and is accounted for pursuant to ASC 350-40, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software. Qualifying costs incurred to develop internal-use software are capitalized when (i) the preliminary project stage is completed, (ii) management has authorized further funding for the completion of the project and (iii) it is probable that the project will be completed and perform as intended. These capitalized costs include compensation for employees who develop internal-use software and external costs related to development of internal use software. Capitalization of these costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Internally developed software is amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life. All other expenditures, including those incurred in order to maintain an intangible asset’s current level of performance, are expensed as incurred. When these assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated amortization thereon are removed, and any resulting gain or losses are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is five years, across all asset classes.
The estimated useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed at each year-end, with the effect of any changes in estimates accounted for prospectively. All depreciation expense is included with depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Impairment of long-lived assets
Management reviews each asset or asset group for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable, and at least annually. No impairment provisions were recorded by the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for an acquisition as a business combination if the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction constitute a business in accordance with ASC Topic 805. Such acquisitions are accounted using the acquisition method by recognizing the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired business, measured at their acquisition date fair values.
Where the set of assets acquired and liabilities assumed doesn’t constitute a business, it is accounted for as an asset acquisition where the individual assets and liabilities are recorded at their respective relative fair values corresponding to the consideration transferred.
Goodwill
Goodwill is recognized and initially measured as any excess of the acquisition-date consideration transferred in a business combination over the acquisition-date amounts recognized for the net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not result in an impairment of goodwill. First, the Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether or not it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company conducts a quantitative goodwill impairment test comparing the fair value of the applicable reporting unit with its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company recognizes an impairment loss in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit. The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test at December 31 of each year. There was no goodwill impairment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023.
Intangible assets subject to amortization
Intangible assets include tradenames, customer lists and non-compete agreements. Amounts are subject to amortization on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of benefit and are subject to annual impairment consideration. Costs incurred to renew or extend the term of a recognized intangible asset, such as the acquired tradename, are capitalized as part of the intangible asset and amortized over its revised estimated useful life.
Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the intangible assets may not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets by comparing their carrying amounts to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the intangible assets. If such intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the intangible assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The Company determines fair value based on discounted cash flows using a discount rate commensurate with the risk inherent in the Company’s current business model for the specific intangible asset being valued. No impairment charges were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023.
13
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Leases
The Company evaluates the contracts it entered into to determine whether such contracts contain leases at inception. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. At commencement, contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease where the Company is a lessee. When the arrangements include lease and non-lease components, the Company accounts for them as a single lease component.
Operating Leases
A lease for which substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to ownership remain with the lessor is classified by the lessee as an operating lease. Operating leases are included in the line items right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, lease liabilities, current, and non-current lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. For operating leases, the Company measures its lease liabilities based on the present value of the total lease payments not yet paid. These payments are then discounted based on the more readily determinable of the rate implicit in the lease or its incremental borrowing rate, which is the estimated rate the Company would be required to pay for a collateralized borrowing equal to the total lease payments over the term of the lease. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company measures ROU assets based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, and initial direct costs it incurs under the lease. The Company begins recognizing lease expense when the lessor makes the underlying asset available to the Company. Lease expenses for lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
For leases with a lease term of less than one year (short-term leases), the Company has elected not to recognize a lease liability or ROU asset on its consolidated balance sheet. Instead, it recognizes the lease payments as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Short-term lease costs are immaterial to its condensed consolidated statements of operations and cash flows.
Finance leases
Leases that transfer substantially all of the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets are accounted for as finance leases as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. Lease cost for finance leases where the Company is the lessee includes the amortization of the ROU asset, which is amortized on a straight-line basis and recorded to depreciation and amortization and interest expense on the finance lease liability, which is calculated using the effective interest method and recorded to interest expense on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Finance lease ROU assets are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the respective leases. If the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option to purchase the underlying asset at the end of lease term, the finance lease ROU assets are amortized to the end of useful life of the assets on a straight-line basis.
Warrant Liabilities
The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments, including issued share purchase warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives, pursuant to ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815-40”). The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. The Company accounts for the Public Warrants (as defined in Note 12) (the “Warrants”) in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815-40 under which the Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. Accordingly, the Company classifies the Warrants as liabilities at their fair value and adjusts the Warrants to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Warrants for periods where no observable traded price was available are valued using a binomial lattice model. The quoted market price is utilized as the fair value as of each relevant date.
14
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Accrual for Probable Loss Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various claims and legal proceedings. A liability is recorded for such matters when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of possible loss can be established, the most probable amount in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. Legal costs associated with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.
Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for its revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The Company applies judgment in the determination of performance obligations in accordance with ASC 606. Performance obligations in a contract are identified based on the services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. In addition, a single performance obligation may comprise a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. This principle is achieved through applying the following five-step approach:
| ● | Step 1 - Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a client. |
| ● | Step 2 - Identification of the performance obligations in the contract. |
| ● | Step 3 - Determination of the transaction price. |
| ● | Step 4 - Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract |
| ● | Step 5 - Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. |
The
Company recognizes and records revenue from its operations upon completion of installation for both solar system installations and roofing
installations. In connection with the sales and installation, a signed contract between the Company and the purchaser defines the duties
and obligations of each party. The contract is specific as to the duties and responsibilities which govern the accounting for these transactions.
Once the Company’s performance obligations are met with installation completed, according to the signed contract, the Company’s
obligations are completed, and title is transferred to the buyer. The Company believes its performance obligation is completed once the
installation of the solar panels is completed, which is prior to the customer receiving permission to operate the solar panels from the
local utility company. The Company records sales revenue at this point in time in its accounting records. Many of the Company’s
customers finance their obligations with third parties. In these situations, the finance company deducts their financing fees and remits
the net amount to the Company. Revenue recorded is equal to the contract amount signed by the purchaser, net of the financing fees. The
Company incurs several costs associated with the installation prior to its completion. In accordance with ASC 340, Other Assets and
Deferred Costs, installation-related costs are recorded as prepaid expenses and other current assets and in turn are expensed when
installation is completed.
| For
the three months ended September 30, | For
the nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Solar systems installations, gross | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Financing fees | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Solar systems installations, net | ||||||||||||||||
| Roofing installations | ||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
15
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Contract liabilities
The
Company receives both customer lender advances and, when the customer does not utilize third-party financing, customer advances. These
amounts are listed on the balance sheet as contract liabilities and are considered a liability of the Company until the installation
is completed. When an installation is delayed, the lender may withdraw their lender advances until the project installation is completed.
The contract liabilities amounts are expected to be recognized as revenue within a few months of the Company’s receipt of the funds.
| September
30, 2024 | December
31, 2023 | |||||||
| Contract liabilities, beginning of the period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Revenue recognized from amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash received prior to completion of performance obligation | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities, as of the end of the period | $ | $ | ||||||
Contract acquisition costs
The Company pays sales commissions to sales representatives based on a percentage of the sales contracts entered into by the customer and the Company. Payment is made to the sales representative once installation is completed. Such costs are included as sales and marketing on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Since sales commission payments are subject to completion of the installation, payment is made commensurate with the recognition of revenue from the sale, and therefore the full expense is incurred as the Company does not have any remaining performance obligations.
Earnings per share
The Company reports both basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding and excludes the dilutive effect of warrants, stock options, and other types of convertible securities. Diluted earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding and the dilutive effect of warrants and other types of participating securities are included in the calculation. Dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation if their effect is anti-dilutive, such as in periods where a net loss has been reported.
Prior to the Business Combination, the membership structure of Sunergy Renewable, LLC included membership units. In conjunction with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company effectuated a recapitalization whereby all membership units were converted to common units of ESGEN OpCo, LLC, and Zeo Energy Corp. implemented a revised class structure including Class A Common Stock having one vote per share and economic rights and Class V Common Stock having one vote per share and no economic rights. The Company has determined that the calculation of loss per unit for periods prior to the Business Combination would not be meaningful to the users of these consolidated financial statements. As a result, loss per share information has not been presented for periods prior to the Business Combination.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company recognizes an expense for stock-based compensation awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of grant. The Company has elected to account for restricted stock awards with market conditions using a graded vesting method. This method recognizes the compensation cost in the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche of awards. The Company has elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur rather than estimate expected forfeitures.
Fair value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset, or the amount paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). We classify fair value balances based on the observability of those inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1 — Inputs based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 — Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are both unobservable for the asset and liability in the market and significant to the overall fair value measurement.
In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company establishes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value. The recorded amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accrued expenses, advanced funding, accounts payable, and debt approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.
16
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling
interests represent the portion of ESGEN OpCo, LLC that Zeo Energy Corp. controls and consolidates but does not own. The noncontrolling
interests were created as a result of the Business Combination and represent
As the redeemable noncontrolling interests are redeemable upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the Company’s control, the Company classifies redeemable noncontrolling interests as temporary equity. The redeemable noncontrolling interests in common units were initially measured at the ESGEN OpCo, LLC prior investors’ share in the net assets of the Company upon consummation of the Business Combination. Subsequent remeasurements of the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded as a deemed dividend each reporting period, which reduces retained earnings, if any, or additional paid-in capital of Zeo Energy Corp. Remeasurements of the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests are based on the fair value of our Class A Common Stock.
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Units
The Company records redeemable convertible preferred units at fair value on the dates of issuance, unless an exception applies, net of issuance costs. The redeemable convertible preferred units have been classified outside of stockholders’ (deficit) equity as temporary equity on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets because the shares contain certain redemption features that are not solely within the control of the Company. See Note 10 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Equity. Because the Class A convertible preferred units are held by the Sponsor at the OpCo level, the preferred units are presented as a noncontrolling interests on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Income Taxes
Zeo Energy Corp. is a corporation and thus is subject to United States (“U.S.”) federal, state and local income taxes. ESGEN OpCo, LLC is a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore does not pay United States federal income tax. Instead, the ESGEN OpCo, LLC unitholders, including Zeo Energy Corp., are liable for U.S. federal income tax on their respective shares of ESGEN OpCo, LLC’s taxable income. ESGEN OpCo, LLC is liable for income taxes in those states which tax entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes for the Company. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss (“NOL”) and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. The realizability of deferred tax assets is evaluated quarterly based on a “more likely than not” standard and, to the extent this threshold is not met, a valuation allowance is recorded.
ASC 740 prescribes
a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or
expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained
upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as
income tax expense. Management has evaluated the Company’s tax positions, including its previous status as a pass-through entity
for federal and state tax purposes, and has determined that the Company has taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment
to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s reserve related to uncertain tax positions was
Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed as general and administrative expenses. The open tax years for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes are 2019 and forward.
The Company
has calculated the provision for income taxes during the interim reporting period by applying an estimate of the Annual Effective Tax
Rate (AETR) for the full fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss (pretax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently
occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. Our effective tax rate (ETR) from continuing operations was
17
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Tax Receivable Agreement
In conjunction with the consummation of the Transactions, Zeo Energy
Corp entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement (the “TRA”) with ESGEN Opco, LLC and certain ESGEN Opco, LLC members (the “TRA
Holders”). Pursuant to the TRA, Zeo Energy Corp. is required to pay the TRA Holders
New Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting-Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280) (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires an enhanced disclosure of segments on an annual and interim basis, including the title of the chief operating decision maker, significant segment expenses, and the composition of other segment items for each segment’s reported profit. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and adoption of ASU 2023-07 should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to income tax disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), expanding the disclosures requirement for income taxes primarily by requiring more detailed disclosure for income taxes paid and the effective tax rate reconciliation. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted, and adoption of ASU 2023-09 can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard.
NOTE 4 - REVERSE RECAPITALIZATION
As discussed in Note 1, “Organization and Business Operation”, the Business Combination was consummated on March 13, 2024, which, for accounting purposes, was treated as the equivalent of Zeo issuing stock for the net assets of ESGEN, accompanied by recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, ESGEN was treated as the acquired company for financial accounting and reporting purposes under GAAP.
Transaction Proceeds
Upon
closing of the Business Combination, the Company received gross proceeds of $
| Cash-trust and cash, net of redemptions | $ | |||
| Less: transaction costs, promissory note and professional fees, paid | ( | ) | ||
| Proceeds from Sponsor PIPE Investment | ||||
| Net proceeds from the Business Combination | ||||
| Less: liabilities assumed | ( | ) | ||
| Reverse recapitalization, net | $ | ( | ) |
18
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
| Class V Common Stock | Class A Common Stock | |||||||
| ESGEN Class A common stock, outstanding prior to the Business Combination | ||||||||
| Forfeiture of Class A founder shares | ( | ) | ||||||
| Less redemptions | ( | ) | ||||||
| Class A common stock of ESGEN | ||||||||
| ESGEN Class B common stock, outstanding prior to the Business Combination | ||||||||
| Business Combination shares | ||||||||
| Sunergy Shares | ||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Shares to third party advisors | ||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Shares to backstop investor | ||||||||
| Shares issued to sponsor | ||||||||
| Common Stock immediately after the Business Combination | ||||||||
Public and private placement warrants
The
Redemption
Prior
to the closing of the Business Combination, certain ESGEN public stockholders exercised their right to redeem certain of their outstanding
shares for cash, resulting in the redemption of
NOTE 5 - PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT, AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS
| As of September 30, | As of December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Internally-developed software | $ | $ | ||||||
| Furniture | ||||||||
| Equipment and vehicles | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||
| Property and equipment | ||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
Depreciation
expense related to the Company’s property and equipment was $
19
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
NOTE 6 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS
| Weighted | September 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Average Useful Life Remaining | Gross Carrying | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||
| (in years) | Amount | Amortization | Total | |||||||||||||
| Trade names | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Customer lists | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-compete | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Average Useful Life Remaining | Gross Carrying | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||
| (in years) | Amount | Amortization | Total | |||||||||||||
| Trade names | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Customer lists | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-compete | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The Company
periodically reviews the estimated useful lives of its identifiable intangible assets, taking into consideration any events or circumstances
that might result in either a diminished fair value or revised useful life. Management has determined there have been no indicators of
impairment or change in useful life for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023. Amortization expense relating to
the Company’s intangible assets was $
NOTE 7 - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
| September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Accrued payroll | ||||||||
| Accrued commissions | ||||||||
| Accrued dealer fees | ||||||||
| Accrued interest | ||||||||
| Transaction costs | ||||||||
| Accrued other | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
NOTE 8 - LEASES
The
Company leases both office space and warehouse space for its operations. Lease maturities vary from
Operating
lease costs recorded in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations were $
The Company
also leases multiple vehicles for its operations. The leases on vehicles generally have a
20
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Finance lease costs recorded in depreciation and amortization in the
consolidated statements of operations were $
| September 30, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Operating lease ROU assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Finance lease ROU assets | ||||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Current finance lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current finance lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other supplemental information: | ||||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | ||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||
| Finance leases | ||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | ||||||||
| Operating leases | % | % | ||||||
| Finance leases | % | % | ||||||
The following tables present the maturity analysis of operating and finance lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024:
| Years | Operating Leases | |||
| 2024 | $ | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total lease payments | ||||
| Less interest | ||||
| Present value of lease liabilities | ||||
21
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
| Years | Finance Leases | |||
| 2024 | $ | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total lease payments | ||||
| Less interest | ||||
| Present value of lease liabilities | ||||
The
Company has deposited security payments related to the facility leases of $
NOTE 9 - DEBT
The
Company has financing arrangements for many of the vehicles in its fleet. The financing includes direct loans for each vehicle being
financed. The Company entered into new vehicle financing arrangements totaling
| Years | ||||
| 2024 | $ | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total debt | ||||
| Less current portion | ||||
| Long-term debt | $ | |||
NOTE 10 – REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY
Business Combination
The condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity reflect the reverse recapitalization and Business Combination as described in Note 1 – Organization and Business Operation and Note 4 – Reverse Recapitalization. As Sunergy was deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the Business Combination, all periods prior to the consummation of the Business Combination reflect the balances and activity of Sunergy Renewables, LLC. The condensed consolidated balances as of December 31, 2023 from the financial statements of Sunergy Renewables, LLC as of that date and membership unit activity in the consolidated statements of change in stockholders’ equity, prior to the consummation of the Business Combination have not been retroactively adjusted.
Upon
consummation of the Business Combination, the Company’s capital stock consisted of (i)
22
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Private Placement
As
described in Note 1- Organization and Business Operation, pursuant to the Sponsor Subscription Agreement, at the Closing, a total of
Lock-Up Agreements
Concurrently
with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, on April 19, 2023, the Sponsor, ESGEN’s independent directors at the
time of its initial public offering (“IPO”) and one or more client accounts of Westwood Group Holdings, Inc. (successor to
Salient Capital Advisors, LLC) (the “Westwood Client Accounts” and, together with the Sponsor and certain independent directors
of ESGEN, the “Initial Shareholders”), entered into an amendment to that certain Letter Agreement, dated as of October 22,
2021 (the “Letter Agreement”) (and as further amended on January 24, 2024, the “Letter Agreement Amendment”),
pursuant to which, among other things, (i) the Initial Shareholders agreed not to transfer his, her or its ESGEN Class B ordinary shares
(or the Class A Common Stock) prior to the earlier of (a) six months after the Closing or (b) subsequent to the Closing (A) if the last
sale price of the Zeo Class A Common Stock quoted on Nasdaq is greater than or equal to $
On March 13, 2024, concurrently with the Closing, the Sellers entered into the Lock-Up Agreement, pursuant to which each of the Sellers agreed not to transfer its Exchangeable OpCo Units, as defined below, and corresponding shares of Zeo Class V Common Stock received in connection with the Business Combination until the earlier of (i) six months after the Closing and (ii) subsequent to the Closing, (a) satisfaction of the Early Lock-Up Termination or (b) the date on which Zeo completes a PubCo Sale (as defined in the Lock-Up Agreement).
Registration Rights
Also concurrent with the Closing, on March 13, 2024, the Sellers, the Initial Shareholders, Piper (the “New PubCo Holders”) and Zeo entered into the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement (the “A&R Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, Zeo will provide the stockholders certain registration rights with respect to certain shares of Class A Common Stock held by them or otherwise issuable to them pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement (as defined below) or the Company’s certificate of incorporation filed on March 13, 2024 (the “Zeo Charter”).
| Par Value | Authorized | Issued | Treasury Stock | Outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Class V Common Stock | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Class A convertible preferred units | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total shares | ||||||||||||||||||||
Class A Common Stock
Each
holder of Class A Common Stock is entitled to
23
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
Class A Common Stockholders have rights to the economics of the Company and to receive dividend distributions, subject to applicable laws and the rights and preferences of holders of Series A Preferred Stock or any other series of stock having preference over or participation rights with Class A Common Stock. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of Company, Class A Common Stock has rights to assets and funds of the Company available for distribution after making provisions for preferential and other amounts to the holders of Series A Preferred Stock or any other series of stock having preference over or participation rights with Class A Common Stock.
Class V Common Stock
Each
holder of Class V Common Stock is entitled to
Class V Common Stockholders do not have rights to the economics of the Company nor to receive dividend distributions, and would not be entitled to receive, with respect to such shares, any assets of the Corporation, in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation.
Class A Convertible Preferred Units (Mezzanine Equity)
The Class A Convertible Preferred Unitholders have no voting rights
and only have certain consent rights. However, as outlined above, the Preferred Units were issued in conjunction with Class V Common Stock,
which entitle the holders to voting rights. The Class A Convertible Preferred Unitholders are to be paid dividends, quarterly in arrears
at the rate of
Following the first anniversary of the date on which the first Class
A Convertible Preferred Unit was issued (the “Class A Convertible Preferred Unit Original Issue Date”) and continuing until
the earlier of (A) March 13, 2027, the “Maturity Date,” (B) a Required Redemption (as described in the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement),
(C) the date the Sponsor elects for a Put Option Redemption, or (D) a Transaction Event Conversion (as described in the OpCo A&R LLC
Agreement) , the Sponsor has the option to convert all, but not less than all, of the outstanding Class A Convertible Preferred Units
into such number of Class B Units (an “Optional Conversion”) as is determined by dividing the Class A Convertible Preferred
Unit Original Issue Price plus the aggregate accumulated and unpaid Class A Convertible Preferred Unit Accruing Dividends with respect
to such Class A Convertible Preferred Units, if any, through the date the conversion occurs, by $
Each Class A Convertible Preferred Unit that is outstanding on the Maturity Date will be converted into such number of Class B Units (a “Maturity Date Conversion”) as is determined by dividing the Class A Convertible Preferred Unit Original Issue Price plus the aggregate accumulated and unpaid Class A Convertible Preferred Unit Accruing Dividends with respect to such Class A Convertible Preferred Units, if any, through and until the Maturity Date, by the Market Price (the “Maturity Date Conversion Price”). The “Market Price” shall mean the average of the daily VWAP of the Class A Common Stock during the five (5) Trading Days prior to the Maturity Date. The “VWAP” means, for any Trading Day, the per share daily volume weighted average price of the Class A Common Stock for such Trading Day on the principal trading exchange or market for the Common Stock (the “Principal Market”) from 9:30 a.m. Eastern Time through 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time (the “Measurement Period”) or, if such price is not available, “VWAP” shall mean the market value per share of Class A Common Stock on such Trading Day as determined, using a volume-weighted average method, by an independent investment banking firm or other similar party chosen by the Company. A “Trading Day” means any days during the course of which the Principal Market on which the Class A Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading is open for the exchange of securities.
24
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
If, after the Class A Convertible Preferred Unit Original Issue Date, the Company (i) makes a distribution on its Class B Units in securities (including Class B Units), (ii) subdivides or splits its outstanding Class B Units into a greater number of Class B Units, (iii) combines or reclassifies its Class B Units into a smaller number of Class B Units or (iv) issues by reclassification of its Class B Units any securities (including any reclassification in connection with a merger, consolidation or business combination in which the Company is the surviving person), then the Conversion Price in effect at the time of the record date for such distribution or of the effective date of such subdivision, split, combination, or reclassification shall be proportionately adjusted so that the Conversion of the Class A Convertible Preferred Units after such time shall entitle the Sponsor to receive the aggregate number of Class B Units that such holder would have been entitled to receive if the Class A Convertible Preferred Units had been converted into Class B Units immediately prior to such record date or effective date, as the case may be. An adjustment made pursuant to the applicable section of the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement shall become effective immediately after the record date in the case of a distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination, reclassification (including any reclassification in connection with a merger, consolidation or business combination in which the Company is the surviving person) or split. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever any event described above shall occur. The Company and the ESGEN OpCo, LLC, as the case may be, agree that it will act in good faith to make any adjustment(s) required by the applicable sections of the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement equitably and in such a manner as to afford the Sponsor the benefits of the provisions hereof, and will not intentionally take any action to deprive such holders of the express benefit hereof.
Redemption
The Class A Convertible Preferred Units are redeemable in whole but not in part, at the then-applicable rate of return (“ Required Return”), at the option of the Company (subject to the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement), at any time prior to the Maturity Date (a “Required Redemption”), or (ii) if required by the Company upon the Sponsor’s delivery to the Company of a notice in accordance with the Sponsor electing a Put Option Redemption.
Upon the occurrence of a Liquidating Event (as defined in the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement), the Preferred Units will be entitled to distributions as follows:
| ● | Following the satisfaction of all of the Company’s debts and liabilities to creditors, and the satisfaction of all of the Company’s Liabilities to Members in satisfaction of liabilities for previously declared distributions, the Sponsor is entitled to an amount equal to the then-remaining Required Return with respect to each Preferred Unit then outstanding (the “Liquidation Redemption”). |
| ● | The Sponsor does not participate in further distributions following the receipt of the Required Return (i.e., the Preferred Units are non-participating instruments).Upon any liquidation or deemed liquidation event, the holders of Class A Convertible Preferred Units will be entitled to receive out of the available proceeds, before any distribution is made to holders of Common Stock or any other junior securities, an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) |
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
As
of September 30, 2024, the prior investors of Sunergy own
The financial results of OpCo, LLC are consolidated with the Company with the redeemable noncontrolling interests’ share of our net loss separately allocated.
25
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
NOTE 11- STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan
On
March 6, 2024, the shareholders of ESGEN approved the Zeo Energy Corp. 2024 Omnibus Incentive Equity Plan (the “Incentive Plan”),
which became effective upon the Closing.
The purpose of the Zeo Energy Corp. 2024 Omnibus Incentive Equity Plan is to provide a means through which the Company and the other members of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company Group”) may attract and retain key personnel and to provide a means whereby directors, officers, employees, consultants and advisors of the Company and the other members of the Company Group can acquire and maintain an equity interest in the Company, or be paid incentive compensation measured by reference to the value of Common Stock, thereby strengthening their commitment to the welfare of the Company Group and aligning their interests with those of the Company’s stockholders.
On the Closing Date the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with the Company’s CEO. In addition to the CEO’s annual salary and cash bonus, the CEO became eligible to receive certain grants of vested shares under the Incentive Plan as follows:
| ● |
| ● |
| ● |
The
Company determined the grant date fair value per share was $
Further,
if, within three (3) years of the effective date of the Closing, (i) the volume-weighted average price of shares of the publicly traded
stock of the Company exceeds $
| 3/13/2024 | ||||
| Stock price | $ | |||
| Tranche 1 hurdle price | $ | |||
| Tranche 2 hurdle price | $ | |||
| Tranche 3 hurdle price | $ | |||
| Risk-free rate | % | |||
| Volatility | % | |||
| Fair Value Summary | Tranche 1 | Tranche 2 | Tranche 3 | |||||||||
| Tranche per unit fair value | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Stock price on valuation date | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Derived service period | ||||||||||||
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, $
NOTE 12 - WARRANT LIABILITIES
As part of ESGEN’s IPO, as defined in Note 10, ESGEN issued warrants
to third-party investors where each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at an
exercise price of $
26
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
These warrants expire on the fifth anniversary of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation and are exercisable commencing 30 days after the Business Combination, provided that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available (or the Company permits holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis under the circumstances specified in the warrant agreement) and registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities, or blue sky, laws of the state of residence of the holder.
Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding warrants:
| ● | in whole and not in part; |
| ● | at a price of $ |
| ● | upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption given after the warrants become exercisable to each warrant holder; and |
| ● | if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $ |
The Public Warrants are recognized as derivative liabilities in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). Accordingly, the Company recognized the warrant instruments as liabilities at fair value as of the Closing Date, with an offsetting entry to additional paid-in capital and adjusts the carrying value of the instruments to fair value through other income (expense) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations at each reporting period until they are exercised. As of September 30, 2024, the Public Warrants are presented as warrant liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
NOTE 13 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
There
is
In 2023, some of the Company’s customers financed their obligations
with a related party, Solar Leasing, whose CEO is also the CEO of the Company. These arrangements are similar to those with the Company’s
third-party lenders. As such, Solar Leasing deducts their financing fees and remits the net amount to the Company. For the three months
ended September 30, 2024, and 2023, the Company recognized $
As described in Note 3, Zeo Energy Corp. entered into the TRA with
the TRA Holders. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has not recorded a liability related to the tax savings it may realize from utilization
of such deferred tax assets. As of September 30,2024, the total unrecorded TRA liability is approximately $
NOTE 14 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
The Company accounts for certain liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis and classifies these liabilities within the fair value hierarchy (Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3).
| September 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
27
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
The Company’s Public Warrants are traded on the Nasdaq. As such, the Warrant valuation is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. The fair value of the Warrant liabilities is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. There were no warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2023.
NOTE 15 – NET LOSS PER SHARE
Basic net loss per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net loss attributable to Class A common stockholders from March 13, 2024, or the Closing Date, to September 30, 2024, by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding for the same periods.
Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share as the inclusion of potentially issuable shares that would be anti-dilutive.
Prior
to the Business Combination, the membership structure of Sunergy Renewables, LLC included membership units. In conjunction with the closing
of the Business Combination, the Company effectuated a recapitalization whereby all membership units were converted to common units of
OpCo and the Company implemented a revised class structure including Class A Common Stock having
| Three months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||
| September 30, 2024 | September 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Numerator | ||||||||
| Net income attributable to Class A common shareholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Denominator | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding | ||||||||
| Net income per share of Class A common stock - basic and diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Three months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||
| September
30, 2024 | September
30, 2024 | |||||||
| Warrants(1) | ||||||||
| Series A Preferred Stock (2) | ||||||||
| (1) | ||
| (2) |
28
Zeo Energy Corp.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2024
NOTE 16 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Risks and Uncertainties - Weather Conditions
A significant portion of the Company’s business is conducted in the state of Florida. During recent years, there have been several hurricanes that impacted our marketing, sales and installation activities. Future hurricane storms can have an adverse impact of our sales installations.
Workmanship and Warranties
The Company typically warrants solar energy systems sold to customers for periods of one to ten years against defects in design and workmanship, and that installations will remain watertight.
The
manufacturers’ warranties on the solar energy system components, which are typically passed through to the customers, typically
have product warranty periods of
Litigation
In the normal course of business, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings. While the ultimate results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not expect them to have a material adverse effect on the financial position or results of operations of the Company.
NOTE 17 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On
October 25, 2024, the Company closed an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Lumio Holdings, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (“Lumio”), and Lumio HX, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with Lumio, the “Sellers”)
(who are currently in bankruptcy), pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Asset Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to acquire certain assets of the Sellers on an as-is, where-is basis, including uninstalled residential solar energy
contracts, certain inventory, intellectual property and intellectual property rights, equipment, records, goodwill and other intangible
assets (collectively, the “Assets”), free and clear of any liens other than certain specified liabilities of the Sellers
that are being assumed (collectively, the “Liabilities” and such acquisition of the Assets and assumption of the Liabilities
together, the “Transaction”) for a total purchase price of (i) $
29
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (as restated)
References to the “Company,” “our,” “us” or “we” refer to Zeo Energy Corp. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”). Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” and “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Such statements include, but are not limited to, possible business combinations and the financing thereof, and related matters, as well as all other statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those described in our other SEC filings. Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Overview
Our mission is to expedite the country’s transition to renewable energy by offering our customers an affordable and sustainable means of achieving energy independence. We are a vertically integrated provider of residential solar energy systems, other energy efficient equipment and related services currently serving customers in Florida, Texas, Arkansas and Missouri. Sunergy was created on October 1, 2021 through the Contribution of Sun First Energy, LLC, a rapidly growing solar sales management company, and Sunergy Solar, LLC, a large solar installation company based in Florida, to Sunergy Renewables, LLC.
We believe that we have built (and continue to build) the infrastructure and capabilities necessary to rapidly acquire and serve customers in a low-cost and scalable manner. Today, our scalable regional operating platform provides us with a number of advantages, including the marketing of our solar service offerings through multiple channels, including our diverse sales partner network and direct-to-consumer vertically integrated sales and installation operations. We believe that this multi-channel model supports rapid sales and installation growth, allowing us to achieve capital-efficient growth in the regional markets we serve.
Since our founding, we have continued to invest in a platform of services and tools to enable large scale operations for us and our partner network, which includes sales partners, installation partners and other strategic partners. The platform includes processes and software, as well as the fulfillment and acquisition of marketing leads. We believe our platform empowers our in-house sales team and external sales dealers to profitably serve our regional and underpenetrated markets and helps us compete effectively against larger, more established industry players without making significant investment in technology and infrastructure.
We have focused to date on a simple, capital light business strategy utilizing, as of September 30, 2024, approximately 180 sales agents and approximately 22 independent sales dealers to produce a growing sales pipeline. We engineer and design projects and process building permit applications on behalf of our customers to timely install their systems and assist their connections to the local utility power grid. Most of the equipment we install is drop-shipped to the installation site by our regional distributors, requiring minimal inventory to be held by the Company during any given period. We depend on our distributors to timely handle logistics and related requirements in moving equipment to the installation sites. In addition to our main offering of residential solar energy systems, we sell and install products such as roofing, insulation, energy efficient appliances and battery storage systems for the residential market.
We believe that continued government policy support of solar energy and increasing conventional utility costs provide the solar energy market with material headwinds for accelerating adoption in the United States, which currently lags other international markets, including Australia and Europe. We offer our products and services throughout Florida, Ohio, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, and Illinois and plan to enter new markets selectively where favorable net metering policies exist and solar penetration is below 7% of the addressable residential market. Most of our sales were generated in Florida through September 30, 2024, and 2023 with the remainder for each period generated in Ohio, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, and Illinois. We have focused on improving our operational efficiency to meet the growing demand for our services and have increased our installation capacity by investing in new equipment and technology. We have also expanded our workforce by hiring more skilled technicians and training them extensively to ensure that they meet our high standards for quality and safety.
Our core solar service offerings are generated by customer purchases and financing through third-party long-term lenders that provide customers with simple, predictable pricing for solar energy that is insulated from rising retail electricity prices. Most of our customers finance their purchases with affordable loans from third-party lenders that require minimal or no upfront capital or down payment. We have also launched a leasing program where a third-party purchases the residential solar energy system that we install on the customer’s property. We believe this leasing option may better suit some homeowners in a higher interest rate environment who may not have a need for the investment tax credits associated with investing in renewable energy.
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Recent Developments
On October 25, 2024, the Company closed an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Lumio Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Lumio”), and Lumio HX, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with Lumio, the “Sellers”), pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to acquire certain assets of the Sellers on an as-is, where-is basis, including uninstalled residential solar energy contracts, certain inventory, intellectual property and intellectual property rights, equipment, records, goodwill and other intangible assets (collectively, the “Assets”), free and clear of any liens other than certain specified liabilities of the Sellers that are being assumed (collectively, the “Liabilities” and such acquisition of the Assets and assumption of the Liabilities together, the “Transaction”) for a total purchase price of (i) $4 million in cash and (ii) 6,206,897 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001, to be paid to LHX Intermediate, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“LHX”). The Asset Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of the parties for a transaction involving the acquisition of assets from a debtor in bankruptcy, including the condition that the bankruptcy court enter an order authorizing and approving the Transaction.
Business Combination
On the Closing Date, we consummated the Business Combination. Prior to the Closing, (i) except as otherwise specified in the Business Combination Agreement, each issued and outstanding ESGEN Class B ordinary share was converted into one ESGEN Class A ordinary; and (ii) ESGEN was domesticated into the State of Delaware so as to become a Delaware corporation. In connection with the Closing, we changed our name from “ESGEN Acquisition Corporation” to “Zeo Energy Corp.”
Following the Domestication, each then-outstanding ESGEN Class A ordinary share was converted into one share of Class A common stock, and each then-outstanding ESGEN Public Warrant converted automatically into a Warrant, exercisable for one share of Zeo Class A Common Stock. Additionally, each outstanding unit of ESGEN was cancelled and separated into one share of Class A Common Stock and one-half of one Warrant.
In accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, Sunergy caused all holders of any options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase any equity interests of Sunergy or its subsidiaries or securities (including debt securities) convertible into or exchangeable for, or that otherwise conferred on the holder any right to acquire, any equity interests of Sunergy or any subsidiary thereof (collectively, the “Sunergy Convertible Interests”) existing immediately prior to the Closing to either exchange or convert all such holder’s Sunergy Convertible Interests into limited liability interests of Sunergy (the “Sunergy Company Interests”) in accordance with the governing documents of Sunergy or the Sunergy Convertible Interests.
At the Closing, ESGEN contributed to OpCo (1) all of its assets (excluding its interests in OpCo, but including the amount of cash in ESGEN’s Trust Account as of immediately prior to the Closing (after giving effect to the exercise of redemption rights by ESGEN stockholders)), and (2) a number of newly issued shares of Class V common stock, which are non-economic, voting shares of Zeo, equal to the number of Seller OpCo Units (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) and (y) in exchange, OpCo issued to ESGEN (i) a number of Class A common units of OpCo (the “OpCo Manager Units”) which equaled the total number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately after the Closing and (ii) a number of warrants to purchase OpCo Manager Units which equaled the number of Warrants issued and outstanding immediately after the Closing (the transactions described above in this paragraph, the “ESGEN Contribution”). Immediately following the ESGEN Contribution, (x) the Sellers contributed to OpCo the Sunergy Company Interests and (y) in exchange therefor, OpCo transferred to the Sellers the Seller OpCo Units and the Seller Class V Shares.
Prior to the Closing, Sellers transferred 24.167% of their Sunergy Company Interests (which were thereafter exchanged for Seller OpCo Units and Seller Class V Shares at the Closing, as described above) pro rata to Sun Managers, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sun Managers”), in exchange for Class A Units (as defined in the Sun Managers limited liability company agreement (the “SM LLCA”)) in Sun Managers. In connection with such transfer, Sun Managers executed a joinder to, and became a “Seller” for purposes of, the Business Combination Agreement. Sun Managers intends to grant Class B Units (as defined in the SM LLCA) in Sun Managers through the Sun Managers, LLC Management Incentive Plan (the “Management Incentive Plan”) adopted by Sun Managers to certain eligible employees or service providers of OpCo, Sunergy or their subsidiaries, in the discretion of Timothy Bridgewater, as manager of Sun Managers. Such Class B Units may be subject to a vesting schedule, and once such Class B Units become vested, there may be an exchange opportunity through which the grantees may request (subject to the terms of the Management Incentive Plan and the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement) the exchange of their Class B Units into Seller OpCo Units (together with an equal number of Seller Class V Shares), which may then be converted into Class A Common Stock (subject to the terms of the Management Incentive Plan and the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement). Grants under the Management Incentive Plan will be made after Closing.
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As of the Closing Date, upon consummation of the Business Combination, the only outstanding shares of capital stock of the registrant were shares of Class A Common Stock and Class V Common Stock.
In connection with entering into the Business Combination Agreement, ESGEN and the Sponsor entered the Sponsor Subscription Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor agreed to purchase an aggregate of 1,000,000 Convertible OpCo Preferred Units convertible into Exchangeable OpCo units (and be issued an equal number of shares of Class V Common Stock) concurrently with the Closing at a cash purchase price of $10.00 per unit and up to an additional 500,000 Convertible OpCo Preferred Units (together with the concurrent issuance of an equal number of shares of Zeo Class V Common Stock) during the six months after Closing if called for by Zeo. Prior to the Closing, ESGEN informed the Sponsor that it wished to call for the additional 500,000 Convertible OpCo Preferred Units at the Closing and, as a result, a total of 1,500,000 Convertible OpCo Preferred Units and an equal number of shares of Class V Common Stock were issued to Sponsor in return for aggregate consideration of $15,000,000.
Accounting for the Business Combination
Following the Business Combination, we are organized in an “Up-C” structure, such that Sunergy and the subsidiaries of Sunergy hold and operate substantially all of the assets and businesses of the registrant, and the registrant is a publicly listed holding company that holds a certain amount of equity interests in OpCo, which holds all of the equity interests in Sunergy. The Class A Common Stock and public warrants are traded on Nasdaq under the ticker symbols “ZEO” and “ZEOWW,” respectively.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization with ESGEN being treated as the acquired company since there was no change in control in accordance with the guidance for common control transactions in ASC 805-50. Accordingly, the financial statements of the combined entity will represent a continuation of the financial statements of Sunergy with the business combination treated as the equivalent of Sunergy issuing stock for the net assets of ESGEN, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of ESGEN were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination were those of Sunergy.
Sunergy was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances.
Based upon the evaluation of the OpCo A&R LLC Agreement, the Sellers contributed their interests of Sunergy into OpCo. OpCo’s members did not have substantive kickout or participating rights and therefore OpCo is a VIE. Consideration of OpCo as a VIE was necessary to determine the accounting treatment between ESGEN and Sunergy. Upon evaluation, ESGEN Acquisition Corp. is considered to be the primary beneficiary through its membership interest and manager powers conferred to it through the Class A Units. For VIEs, the accounting acquirer is always considered to be the primary beneficiary. As such, ESGEN will consolidate OpCo and is considered to the accounting acquirer; however, further consideration of whether the entities are under common control was required in order to determine whether there is an ultimate change in control and the acquisition method of accounting is required under ASC 805.
While Sunergy did not control or have common ownership of ESGEN prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company evaluated the ownership of the new entity subsequent to the consummation of the transaction to determine if a change in control occurred by evaluating whether Sunergy was under common control prior to and subsequent to the consummation of the transaction. If the business combination is between entities under common control, then the acquisition method of accounting is not applicable and the guidance in ASC 805-50 regarding common control should be applied instead. EITF Issue 02-5 “Definition of ‘Common Control’ in Relation to FASB Statement No. 141” indicates that common control would exist if a group of stockholders holds more than 50 percent of the voting ownership of each entity, and contemporaneous written evidence of an agreement to vote a majority of the entities’ shares in concert exists. Prior to the Business Combination, Sunergy was majority owned by five entities (the “Primary Sellers”), who entered into a Voting Agreement, dated September 7, 2023. The term of the Voting Agreement is for five years from the date of the Voting Agreement. The consummation of the Business Combination with ESGEN occurred within the term of the Voting Agreement.
Prior to the Business Combination and the contributions to Sun Managers as described above, the Primary Sellers had 98% ownership in Sunergy. Immediately following the Business Combination, the Sellers now own 83.8% of the equity of the Company.
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The Voting Agreement constitutes contemporaneous written evidence of an agreement to vote a majority of the Primary Sellers’ shares of the Company in concert. Accordingly, the Primary Sellers retain majority control through the voting of their units in conjunction with the Voting Agreement immediately prior to the Business Combination and their shares following the Business Combination and, therefore, there was no change of control before or after the Business Combination. This conclusion was appropriate even though there was no relationship or common ownership or control between Sunergy and ESGEN prior to the Business Combination. Accordingly, the Business Combination should be accounted for in accordance with the guidance for common control transactions in ASC 805-50.
Additional factors that were considered include the following:
| ● | Since the Business Combination, the Board has been comprised of one individual designated by ESGEN and five individuals designated by Sunergy. |
| ● | Since the Business Combination, management of the Company has been the existing management at Sunergy immediately prior to the Business Combination. The individual that was serving as the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of Sunergy’s management team immediately prior to the Business Combination continues substantially unchanged upon completion of the Business Combination. |
For common control transactions that include the transfer of a business, the reporting entity is required to account for the transaction in accordance with the procedural guidance in ASC 805-50. In essence, the Business Combination will be treated as a reverse recapitalization with ESGEN being treated as the acquired company since there was no change in control. Accordingly, the financial statements of the combined entity will represent a continuation of the financial statements of Sunergy with the business combination treated as the equivalent of Sunergy issuing equity for the net assets of ESGEN, accompanied by a recapitalization.
Public Company Costs
Following the Business Combination, we have ongoing reporting and other compliance requirements relating to our Exchange Act registration and Nasdaq listing. We expect to see an increase in general and administrative, compared to historical results, to support the legal and accounting requirements of the combined publicly traded company. We also expect to incur substantial additional expenses for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, internal control compliance, and additional costs for investor relations, accounting, audit, legal and other functions.
Key Operating and Financial Metrics and Outlook
We regularly review a number of metrics, including the following key operating and financial metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends in our business, prepare financial projections and make strategic decisions. We believe the operating and financial metrics presented below are useful in evaluating our operating performance, as they are similar to measures by our public competitors and are regularly used by security analysts, institutional investors and other interested parties in analyzing operating performance and prospects. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP measures, as they are not financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as substitutes for net (loss) income or net (loss) income margin, respectively, calculated in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information on non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures.
The following table sets forth these metrics for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except percentages) | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue, net | $ | 19,658 | $ | 37,894 | $ | 54,596 | $ | 86,705 | ||||||||
| Gross Profit | 9,587 | 17,368 | 23,177 | 37,134 | ||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 48.8 | % | 45.8 | % | 42.5 | % | 42.8 | % | ||||||||
| Contribution profit | $ | 4,477 | $ | 8,613 | $ | 9,715 | $ | 17,365 | ||||||||
| Contribution margin | 22.8 | % | 22.7 | % | 17.8 | % | 20.0 | % | ||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | $ | (2,983 | ) | $ | 4,001 | $ | (9,694 | ) | $ | 6,498 | ||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (2,872 | ) | $ | 4,000 | $ | (8,737 | ) | $ | 6,442 | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (980 | ) | $ | 4,523 | $ | (1,179 | ) | $ | 7,929 | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | (5.0 | )% | 11.9 | % | (2.2 | )% | 9.1 | % | ||||||||
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Gross Profit and Gross Margin
We define gross profit as revenue, net less cost of goods sold and depreciation and amortization related to cost of goods sold, and define gross margin, expressed as a percentage, as the ratio of gross profit to revenue, net. See “— Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of Gross Profit and Gross Margin.
Contribution Profit and Contribution Margin
We define contribution profit as revenue, net less direct costs of revenue, commissions expense and depreciation and amortization, and define contribution margin, expressed as a percentage, as the ratio of contribution profit to revenue, net. Contribution profit and margin can be used to understand our financial performance and efficiency and allows investors to evaluate our pricing strategy and compare against competitors. Our management uses these metrics to make strategic decisions, identify areas for improvement, set targets for future performance and make informed decisions about how to allocate resources going forward. Contributions margin reflects our Contribution profit as a percentage of revenues. See “— Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of Gross Profit to Contribution Profit and Contribution Margin.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin
We define Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, as earnings (loss) before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, other income (expenses), net, and stock compensation, as adjusted to exclude merger transaction related expenses. Adjusted EBITDA margin reflects our Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenues. See “— Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of GAAP net loss to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin.
Key Factors that May Influence Future Results of Operations
Our financial results of operations may not be comparable from period to period due to several factors. Key factors affecting the results of our operations are summarized below.
Expansion of Residential Sales into New Markets. Our future revenue growth is, in part, dependent on our ability to expand our product offerings and services in the select residential markets where we operate in Florida, Texas, Arkansas and Missouri. We primarily generate revenue from our sales, product offerings and services in the residential housing market. To continue our growth, we intend to expand our presence in the residential market into additional states based on markets underserved by national sales and installation providers that also have favorable incentives and net metering policies. We believe that our entry into new markets will continue to facilitate revenue growth and customer diversification.
Expansion of New Products and Services. In 2024 we sold over $2.5 million in roofing replacements to facilitate our solar installations and to repair rooftops on homes in Florida damaged by severe weather. We plan to expand our roofing business in all markets we enter in the future. Roofing facilitates a faster processing time for our solar installations in cases where the customer is in need of a roof replacement prior to installing a solar system. In addition, to provide more financing options for our prospective residential solar energy customers, in 2023, we launched a program that allows customers to choose a leasing option to finance their systems from a third party. We expect selling systems utilizing third party leases under this and other similar programs to be a growing portion of our customer finance offerings in the future.
Adding New Customers and Expansion of Sales with Existing Customers. We intend to approximately double our in-house sales force and external sales dealers in 2024 in order to target new customers in the Southern U.S. regional residential markets. We provide competitive compensation packages to our in-house sales teams and external sales dealers, which incentivizes the acquisition of new customers.
Inflation. We are seeing an increase in the costs of labor and components as the result of higher inflation rates. In particular, we are experiencing an increase in raw material costs and supply chain constraints, and trade tariffs imposed on certain products from China, which may continue to put pressure on our operating margins and increase our costs. We do not have information that allows us to quantify the specific amount of cost increases attributable to inflationary pressures.
Interest rates. Interest rate increases for both short-term and long-term debt have increased sharply. Historically, most of our customers have financed the purchase of their solar systems. Higher interest rates have resulted in higher monthly costs to customers, which has the effect of slowing the financing-related sales of solar systems in the areas in which we sell and operate. We do not have information that allows us to quantify the adverse effects attributable to increased interest rates.
Managing our Supply Chain. We rely on contract manufacturers and suppliers to produce our components. Our suppliers are generally meeting our materials needs and we are realizing a decrease in pricing for our solar components compared to the prior year. Our ability to grow depends, in part, on the ability of our contract manufacturers and suppliers to provide high quality services and deliver components and finished products on time and at reasonable costs. In the event we are unable to mitigate the impact of delays and/or price increases in raw materials, electronic components and freight, it could delay the manufacturing and installation of our systems, which would adversely impact our cash flows and results of operations, including revenue and contribution margin.
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Components of Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Revenue, net
Our primary source of revenue is the sale of our residential solar systems. Our systems are fully functional at the time of installation and require an inspection prior to interconnection to the utility power grid. We sell our systems primarily direct to end user customers for use in their residences. Upon installation inspection, we satisfy our performance obligation and recognize revenue. Many of the Company’s customers finance their obligations with third parties. In these situations, the finance company deducts their financing fees and remits the net amount to the Company. Revenue is recorded net of these financing fees (and/or dealer fees). The volume of sales and installations of rooftop solar systems, our primary product, increase from April to September when a majority of our sales teams are most active in our areas of service. In addition to sales of solar systems, “adders” or accessories to a sale may include roofing, energy efficient appliances, upgraded insulation and/or energy storage systems. All adders consisted of less than 10% of the total revenue, net in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023.
Our revenue is affected by changes in the volume and average selling prices of our solutions and related accessories, supply and demand, sales incentives and fluctuating interest rates that increase or decrease the monthly payments for customers purchasing systems through third party financing. Approximately 5% of our sales were paid in cash by the customer in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023. Our revenue growth is dependent on our ability to compete effectively in the marketplace by remaining cost competitive, developing and introducing new sales teams within existing and new territories, scaling our installation teams to keep up with demand and maintaining a strong internal operations team to process orders while working with building departments and utilities to permit and interconnect our customers to the utility grid.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold consists primarily of product costs (including solar panels, inverters, metal racking, connectors, shingles, wiring, warranty costs and logistics costs), installation labor and permitting costs.
During 2024, costs of goods sold decreased in association with a reduction in revenues. Revenues declined because of the effect of higher interest rates on the consumer financing rates. The increased cost of consumer lending has reduced the advantage provided by financed solar power relative to standard utility costs, which has negatively affected the demand for our products.
Revenue, net less cost of goods sold may vary from period-to-period and is primarily affected by our average selling prices, financing or dealer fees, fluctuations in equipment costs and our ability to effectively and timely deploy our field installation teams to project sites once permitting departments have approved the design and engineering of systems on customer sites.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses consist of sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. Personnel-related costs are the most significant component of each of these expense categories and include salaries, benefits and payroll taxes. In the future, the Company intends to provide more benefits to its employees, including an employee stock purchase plan, which will increase operating expenses.
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses including sales commissions, as well as advertising, travel, trade shows, marketing, customer support and other indirect costs. We expect to continue to make the necessary investments to enable us to execute our strategy to increase our market penetration geographically and enter into new markets by expanding our base sales teams, installers and strategic sales dealer and partner network.
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses for our executive, finance, human resources, information technology, and software, facilities costs and fees for professional services. Fees for professional services consist primarily of outside legal, accounting and information technology consulting costs.
Depreciation and amortization consist primarily of depreciation of our vehicles, furniture and fixtures, internally developed software and amortization of our acquired intangibles.
Other income (expenses), net
Other income (expenses), net primarily consists of change in fair value of warrant liabilities and interest expense and fees under our equipment and vehicle term loans. It also includes interest income on our cash balances, and accrued interest on tariffs previously paid and approved for a refund.
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Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024, Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented:
| Three
Months ended September 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| Revenue, net | $ | 19,657,905 | $ | 37,894,166 | $ | (18,236,261 | ) | (48.1 | )% | |||||||
| Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) | 9,787,350 | 20,473,087 | (10,685,737 | ) | (52.2 | )% | ||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 499,876 | 521,289 | (21,413 | ) | (4.1 | )% | ||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 5,202,525 | 8,595,645 | (3,393,120 | ) | (39.5 | )% | ||||||||||
| General and administrative | 7,151,005 | 4,302,853 | 2,848,152 | 66.2 | % | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 22,640,756 | 33,892,874 | (11,252,118 | ) | (33.2 | )% | ||||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | (2,982,851 | ) | 4,001,292 | (6,984,143 | ) | (174.5 | )% | |||||||||
| Other income (expense), net: | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 137,508 | 9,151 | 128,357 | 1,402.7 | % | |||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | 138,000 | - | 138,000 | 100 | % | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | (209,227 | ) | (10,396 | ) | (198,831 | ) | 1,912.6 | % | ||||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | 66,281 | (1,245 | ) | 67,526 | (5,423.8 | )% | ||||||||||
| Net (loss) income before taxes | $ | (2,916,570 | ) | $ | 4,000,047 | $ | (6,916,617 | ) | (172.9 | )% | ||||||
Revenue, net
Revenue, net decreased by approximately $18.2 million. Several factors affected the reduction in sales. The primary reason is due to the effect of higher interest rates on the consumer financing rates. This increased cost of consumer lending has reduced the advantage provided by financed solar power relative to standard utility costs, which has negatively affected the demand for our products. The second factor affecting revenue is an increase in sales volume from our internal sales teams and decreases in sales volume from sales by our dealer network, which sales mix improves our profitability.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold decreased by $10.7 million. The decrease was a result of the decrease in revenue as noted above offset by an increase in the cost of labor and materials during the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to 2023. As a percentage of revenue, cost of goods sold improved from 55.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to 51.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. This improvement was driven by a decrease in the cost of materials and efficiencies in labor.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization decreased by a nominal amount, from $521,289 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $499,875 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was due to a decrease in the amortization of intangible assets which became fully amortized.
General and Administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $2.8 million from $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to stock compensation recognized in 2024. There was no stock compensation expense in 2023.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $3.4 million. The decrease was a result of a reduction in cost to support fewer sales people and less revenue.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net increased from expense of $1,245 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to income of $66,281 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was due to a gain on fair value of warrant liabilities.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024, Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented:
| Nine
Months ended September 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| Revenue, net | $ | 54,596,333 | $ | 86,705,020 | $ | (32,108,687 | ) | (37.0 | )% | |||||||
| Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) | 30,805,155 | 49,245,721 | (18,440,566 | ) | (37.4 | )% | ||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,413,074 | 1,431,482 | (18,408 | ) | (1.3 | )% | ||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 16,178,375 | 19,813,979 | (3,635,604 | ) | (18.3 | )% | ||||||||||
| General and administrative | 15,893,998 | 9,716,058 | 6,177,940 | 63.6 | % | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 64,290,602 | 80,207,240 | (15,916,638 | ) | (19.8 | )% | ||||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | (9,694,269 | ) | 6,497,780 | (16,192,049 | ) | (249.2 | )% | |||||||||
| Other income (expense), net: | ||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | 188,329 | 6,982 | 181,347 | 2,597.4 | % | |||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | 828,000 | - | 828,000 | 100 | % | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | (294,257 | ) | (55,519 | ) | (231,337 | ) | 367.7 | % | ||||||||
| Total other income (expenses), net | 722,072 | (55,938 | ) | 778,010 | (1,390.8 | )% | ||||||||||
| Net (loss) income before taxes | $ | (8,972,197 | ) | $ | 6,441,842 | $ | (15,414,039 | ) | (239.3 | )% | ||||||
Revenue, net
Revenue, net decreased by approximately $32.1 million. Several factors affected the reduction in sales. The primary reason is due to the effect of higher interest rates on the consumer financing rates. This increased cost of consumer lending has reduced the advantage provided by financed solar power relative to standard utility costs, which has negatively affected the demand for our products. The second factor affecting revenue is an increase in sales volume from our internal sales teams and decreases in sales volume from sales by our dealer network, which sales mix improves our profitability.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold decreased by $18.4 million. The decrease was a result of the decrease in revenue. As a percentage of revenue, the cost of goods sold was 57.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which was consistent with the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization decreased by a nominal amount, from $1,431,482 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, to $1,413,074 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was due to a decrease in the amortization of intangible assets which became fully depreciated.
General and Administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $6.2 million from $9.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $15.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to stock compensation and an increase in headcount, infrastructure-related expenses to support increased revenues and expenses related to the Business Combination.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $3.6 million, from $19.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $16.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was a result of a reduction in cost to support fewer sales people and less revenue.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net increased from $55,938 of other expense to $722,072 of other income primarily due to a gain on fair value of warrant liabilities of $828,000.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary source of funding to support operations have historically been from cash flows from operations. Our primary short-term requirements for liquidity and capital are to fund general working capital and capital expenses. Our principal long-term working capital uses include ensuring revenue growth, expanding our sales and marketing efforts and potential acquisitions.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents balance were approximately $4.3 million and $8.0 million, respectively. The Company maintains its cash in checking and savings accounts.
Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including our revenue growth rate, the timing and extent of our spending to support further sales and marketing, the degree to which we are successful in launching new business initiatives and the cost associated with these initiatives, and the growth of our business generally.
In order to finance these opportunities and associated costs, it is possible that we will need to raise additional capital through either debt or equity financing if the proceeds realized from the Business Combination are insufficient to support our business needs.
While we believe that the proceeds realized through the Business Combination will be sufficient to meet our currently contemplated business needs for the next twelve months, we cannot assure you that this will be the case. If additional financing is required by us from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
| For the nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | ||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | $ | (12,189,535 | ) | $ | 5,766,348 | $ | (17,855,883 | ) | ||||
| Net cash (used in) investing activities | (285,067 | ) | (161,768 | ) | (123,299 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 8,782,358 | (3,426,866 | ) | 12,209,224 | ||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $12.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to a net cash provided by operating activities of approximately $5.8 million during nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in net income due to the decrease in revenue and the closing of the Business Combination.
Cash flows from investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, relating to purchases of property and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $0.2 million, relating to purchases of vehicles.
Cash flows used in financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily relating to the net proceeds from the issuance of convertible preferred stock. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $3.5 million, primarily relating to distributions to members.
Current Indebtedness
The Company has utilized internally generated positive cashflow to grow the business. Other than approximately $2.5 million in trade-credit with solar equipment distributors, Sunergy has only approximately $0.9 million of debt on service trucks and vehicles valued at approximately $1.3 million, net of depreciation.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The non-GAAP financial measures below have not been calculated in accordance with GAAP and should be considered in addition to results prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, GAAP results. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin should not be construed as indicators of our operating performance, liquidity or cash flows generated by operating, investing and financing activities, as there may be significant factors or trends that they fail to address. We caution investors that non-GAAP financial information, by its nature, departs from traditional accounting conventions. Therefore, its use can make it difficult to compare our current results with our results from other reporting periods and with the results of other companies.
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Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures, in conjunction with GAAP financial measures, as an integral part of managing our business and to, among other things: (i) monitor and evaluate the performance of our business operations and financial performance; (ii) facilitate internal comparisons of the historical operating performance of our business operations; (iii) facilitate external comparisons of the results of our overall business to the historical operating performance of other companies that may have different capital structures and debt levels; (iv) review and assess the operating performance of our management team; (v) analyze and evaluate financial and strategic planning decisions regarding future operating investments; and (vi) plan for and prepare future annual operating budgets and determine appropriate levels of operating investments. We believe that the use of these non-GAAP financial measures provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends, and in comparing our financial results with other companies in our industry, many of which present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors.
Contribution Profit and Contribution Margin
We define contribution profit as revenue, net less direct costs of revenue, commissions expense and depreciation and amortization, and define contribution margin, expressed as a percentage, as the ratio of contribution profit to revenue, net. Contribution profit and margin can be used to understand our financial performance and efficiency and allows investors to evaluate our pricing strategy and compare against competitors. Our management uses these metrics to make strategic decisions, identify areas for improvement, set targets for future performance and make informed decisions about how to allocate resources going forward. Contributions margin reflects our Contribution profit as a percentage of revenues.
The following table provides a reconciliation of gross profit to contribution profit for the periods presented:
| Three
Months Ended September 30, | Nine
Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 19,657,905 | $ | 37,894,166 | $ | 54,596,333 | $ | 86,705,020 | ||||||||
| Less: Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below) | 9,787,350 | 20,473,087 | 30,805,155 | 49,245,721 | ||||||||||||
| Less: Depreciation and amortization related to Cost of goods sold | 283,326 | 52,937 | 614,272 | 325,395 | ||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | $ | 9,587,229 | $ | 17,368,142 | $ | 23,176,906 | $ | 37,133,904 | ||||||||
| Adjustment: | ||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 216,550 | 468,352 | 798,802 | 1,106,087 | ||||||||||||
| Commissions expense | 4,893,360 | 8,287,088 | 12,663,350 | 18,663,073 | ||||||||||||
| Contribution Profit | 4,477,319 | 8,612,702 | 9,714,754 | 17,364,744 | ||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 48.8 | % | 45.8 | % | 42.5 | % | 42.8 | % | ||||||||
| Contribution margin | 22.8 | % | 22.7 | % | 17.8 | % | 20.0 | % | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA
We define Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, as net income (loss) before interest and other income (expenses), net, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted to exclude merger and acquisition expenses (“M&A expenses”). We utilize Adjusted EBITDA as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe the exclusion of these non-cash and non-recurring charges allow for a more relevant comparison of our results of operations to other companies in our industry. Adjusted EBITDA should not be viewed as a substitute for net (loss) income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define Adjusted EBITDA differently. Adjusted EBITDA margin reflects our Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenues. The following table provides a reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:
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| Three
Months Ended September 30, | Nine
Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (2,872,424 | ) | $ | 4,000,047 | $ | (8,736,845 | ) | $ | 6,441,842 | ||||||
| Adjustment: | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (137,508 | ) | (9,151 | ) | (188,329 | ) | (6,982 | ) | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | (138,000 | ) | - | (828,000 | ) | - | ||||||||||
| Interest expense | 209,227 | 10,396 | 294,257 | 62,920 | ||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | (19,136 | ) | - | (235,352 | ) | - | ||||||||||
| Stock compensation | 1,503,130 | - | 7,101,818 | - | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 499,876 | 521,289 | 1,413,074 | 1,431,482 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | (979,845 | ) | 4,522,581 | (1,179,377 | ) | 7,929,262 | ||||||||||
| Net (loss) income margin | (14.6 | )% | 10.6 | % | (16.0 | )% | 7.4 | % | ||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | (5.0 | )% | 11.9 | % | (2.2 | )% | 9.1 | % | ||||||||
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to establish accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. These financial statements include some estimates and assumptions that are based on informed judgments and estimates of management. We evaluate our policies and estimates on an on-going basis and discuss the development, selection and disclosure of critical accounting policies with those charged with governance. Predicting future events is inherently an imprecise activity and as such requires the use of judgment. Our condensed consolidated financial statements may differ based upon different estimates and assumptions.
We discuss our significant accounting policies in Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are subject to judgments and uncertainties that affect the application of such policies. We believe these financial statements include the most likely outcomes with regard to amounts that are based on our judgment and estimates. Our financial position and results of operations may be materially different when reported under different conditions or when using different assumptions in the application of such policies. In the event estimates or assumptions prove to be different from the actual amounts, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. We believe the following accounting policies are critical to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements due to the estimation process and business judgment involved in their application:
Valuation of Business Combinations
The Company recognizes and measures the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. Any excess or surplus of the purchase consideration when compared to the fair value of the net tangible assets acquired, if any, is recorded as goodwill or gain from a bargain purchase. The fair value of assets and liabilities as of the acquisition date are often estimated using a combination of approaches, including the income approach, which requires us to project future cash flows and apply an appropriate discount rate; and the market approach which uses market data and adjusts for entity-specific differences. We use all available information to make these fair value determinations and engage third-party consultants for valuation assistance. The estimates used in determining fair values are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain. Accordingly, actual results may differ materially from the projected results used to determine fair value.
Goodwill
Goodwill is recognized and initially measured as any excess of the acquisition-date consideration transferred in a business combination over the acquisition-date amounts recognized for the net identifiable assets acquired.
Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not result in an impairment of goodwill. First, the Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether or not it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company conducts a quantitative goodwill impairment test comparing the fair value of the applicable reporting unit with its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company recognizes an impairment loss in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit. The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test at December 31 of each year. There was no goodwill impairment recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023.
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Intangible assets subject to amortization
Intangible assets include tradename, customer lists and non-compete agreements. Amounts are subject to amortization on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of benefit and are subject to annual impairment consideration. Costs incurred to renew or extend the term of a recognized intangible asset, such as the acquired tradename, are capitalized as part of the intangible asset and amortized over its revised estimated useful life.
Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the intangible assets may not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets by comparing their carrying amounts to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the intangible assets. If such intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the intangible assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The Company determines fair value based on discounted cash flows using a discount rate commensurate with the risk inherent in the Company’s current business model for the specific intangible asset being valued. No impairment charges were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (the “Certifying Officers”) carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2024 due to a material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”). As previously disclosed, a material weakness exists in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting related to ineffective controls over period end financial disclosure and reporting processes, including not timely performing certain reconciliations and the completeness and accuracy of those reconciliations, and lack of effectiveness of controls over accurate accounting and financial reporting and reviewing the underlying financial statement elements, and recording incorrect journal entries that also did not have the sufficient review and approval.
Notwithstanding the identified material weaknesses, management, including the Certifying Officers, believes that the financial statements contained in this Form 10-Q filing fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with GAAP.
Material Weakness
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
While preparing the second quarter 2024 financial statements we identified internal control failures over our review of accounts payable, accrued liabilities, stock compensation, and revenue cutoff that resulted in material errors being reported in (i) our previously issued financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 included in the Company’s Form 8-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 20, 2024 and as amended on March 25, 2024 (the “Form 8-K”); (ii) the Company’s unaudited interim financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024, included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the SEC on May 16, 2024; and (iii) the financial statements noted in items (i) and (ii) above included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, which was declared effective by the SEC on May 31, 2024. The Company has corrected these errors in an amendment to (i) the Form 8-K, filed on August 19, 2024, and (ii) an amendment to its Current Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024 filed on August 19, 2024.
While preparing the third quarter 2024 financial statements we identified internal control failures over our review of revenue and related cost of goods sold cutoff, expense classification, prepaid expenses, operating lease cash flow classification and accounting for finance lease arrangements that resulted in material errors being reported in (i) our previously issued financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 included in the Company’s Form 8-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 20, 2024 and as amended on March 25, and August 19, 2024 (the “8-K”), (ii) the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A as filed with the SEC on August 19, 2024 (the “Q1 10-Q”), (iii) the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the SEC on August 19, 2024 (the “Q2 10-Q”, and together with the Q1 10-Q, the “10-Qs”) and (iv) the financial statements noted in items (i) through (iii) above included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (the “S-1”), which was declared effective by the SEC on October 1, 2024. The Company has corrected these errors in an amendment to (i) the Form 8-K, filed on January 23, 2025, (ii) an amendment to its Current Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, filed on January 23, 2025 and (iii) an amendment to its Current Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024, filed on January 23, 2025.
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These control deficiencies could result in a misstatement in our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to our financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, we determined that these control deficiencies constitute material weaknesses.
We are in the early stages of designing and implementing a plan to remediate the material weaknesses identified.
Management has considered and reviewed the errors which occurred in revenue and cost of goods sold cutoff, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, stock compensation, expense classification, prepaid expenses, operating lease cash flow classification and accounting for finance lease arrangements. Management has determined that controls are not designed effectively in these areas. To mitigate future misstatements in these areas management will implement the following procedures at the end of each reporting period:
| 1. | Accounts Payable - Review the accounts payable with the executive team to inquire about any invoices not sent to accounts payable. |
| 2. | Accrued Liabilities - Review the accrued liabilities detail with the executive team to determine if there are any expenses/liabilities for which the company should accrue an expense which has not yet been recognized. |
| 3. | Stock Compensation - Review with the CEO and Legal Counsel the list of stock grants which have been made and ask if there have been any other grants made (paper issued to employees or vendors) which should be included in the analysis. |
| 4. | Classification of expenses - Review the expense classification with the executive team to determine all expenses are properly classified. |
| 5. | Classification of financing agreements - Review the financing agreements with the executive team to determine proper classification of the agreements as debt or finance lease. |
| 6. | Prepaid expenses – Review prepaid expenses with the executive team to determine if all prepaid expenses have been properly recorded for future services to be rendered and subsequently amortized. |
| 7. | Revenue and cost of goods sold cut off – Review revenue and related cost of goods sold with executive team to determine if revenue and related cost of goods sold is properly recognized. |
We cannot assure you that these measures will remediate the material weaknesses described above. The implementation of these remediation measures is in the early stages and will require validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls over a sustained period of financial reporting cycles and, as a result, the timing of when we will be able to fully remediate the material weaknesses is uncertain. If the steps we take do not remediate the material weaknesses in a timely manner, there could be a reasonable possibility that these control deficiencies or others may result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. This, in turn, could jeopardize our ability to comply with our reporting obligations, limit our ability to access the capital markets and adversely impact our stock price.
Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal controls may distract our officers and employees, entail substantial costs to modify our existing processes and take significant time to complete. These changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy, or consequent inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, could increase our operating costs and harm our business. In addition, investors’ perceptions that our internal controls are inadequate or that we are unable to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis may harm our stock price and make it more difficult for us to effectively market and sell our products and services to new and existing customers.
If we identify future deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting or if we are unable to comply with the demands that will be placed upon us as a public company, including the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in a timely or effective manner, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results, or report them within the timeframes required by the SEC. We also could become subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. In addition, if we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting when required, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, we may face restricted access to the capital markets and our stock price may be adversely affected.
Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may also become inadequate because of poor design or changes in our business, including increased complexity resulting from any international expansion, and weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods, undermine investor confidence in us and adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on Nasdaq.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Other than the above, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarterly period ending September 30, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Subsequent to June 30, 2024, the Company began working on their remediation plan as described above.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
None.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, future prospects, and the trading price of our Class A common stock. The risks and uncertainties described therein are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we currently deem immaterial may also become important factors that adversely affect our business.
You should carefully read and consider such risks, together with all of the other information in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (including the disclosures in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in our interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes), and in the other documents that we file with the SEC.
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Item 2. Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
On March 13, 2024, prior to the Closing, the Sponsor was issued 1,500,000 shares of Zeo Class V Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor Subscription Agreement in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder as a transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering without any form of general solicitation or general advertising.
On March 13, 2024, at the Closing, the Sellers collectively received 33,730,000 shares of Zeo Class V Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder as a transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering without any form of general solicitation or general advertising.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not Applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
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Item 6. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Form 10-Q.
Exhibit |
Incorporated by Reference | |||||||
| Number | Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||
| 3.1 | Certificate of Incorporation of Zeo Energy Corp. | 8-K | 3.1 | March 20, 2024 | ||||
| 3.2 | Bylaws of Zeo Energy Corp. | 8-K | 3.2 | March 20, 2024 | ||||
| 31** | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||||
| 32** | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document | |||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). | |||||||
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Furnished herewith. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| ZEO Energy Corp. | ||
| Date: January 23, 2025 | /s/ Timothy Bridgewater | |
| Name: | Timothy Bridgewater | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| Date: January 23, 2025 | /s/ Cannon Holbrook | |
| Name: | Cannon Holbrook | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
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