Good day and welcome to the AdvanSix first quarter 2023 earnings conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today’s presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on a touchtone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Adam Kressel, Vice President, Investor Relations and Treasurer. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Betsy. Good morning and welcome to AdvanSix’s first quarter 2023 earnings conference call. With me here today are President and CEO, Erin Kane, and Senior Vice President and CFO, Michael Preston. This call and webcast, including any non-GAAP reconciliations are available on our website at investors.advansix.com. Note that elements of this presentation contain forward-looking statements that are based on our best view of the world and of our business as we see it today. Those elements can change and the actual results could differ materially from those projected, and we ask that you consider them in that light. We refer you to the forward-looking statements included in our press release and earnings presentation. In addition, we identify the principle risks and uncertainties that affect our performance in our SEC filings, including our annual report on Form 10-K as further updated in subsequent filings with the SEC. This morning, we will review our financial results for the first quarter of 2023 and share our outlook for our key product lines and end markets. Finally, we will leave time for your questions at the end. With that, I’ll turn the call over to AdvanSix’s President and CEO, Erin Kane.

Thanks, Adam, and good morning everyone. Thank you for joining us and for your continued interest in AdvanSix. As you saw in our press release, AdvanSix delivered solid earnings results in the quarter amid a continued dynamic macro environment and against a record first quarter in the prior year period. As a diversified chemistry company, our performance reflects the talents of our entire team alongside the resilience of our integrated, efficient, and cost-advantaged business model. Our results were achieved in an environment that saw nitrogen fertilizer pricing reset year-over-year amid lower energy costs and improved supply. While down from last year’s peak levels, ammonium sulfate value pricing remains robust. Headwinds in consumer durables and building construction end markets persist across portions of our nylon and chemical intermediates portfolio, while North American acetone supply and demand continues to be balanced, supporting our performance. With confidence in the health of our balance sheet, we continued a disciplined deployment of capital in the quarter through increased capital expenditures and $18 million of cash returned to shareholders in the form of share repurchases and dividends. We believe that AdvanSix offers a compelling investment thesis over the near, medium, and long term. While we anticipate the challenges of an uncertain environment and expect demand weakness in certain market segments within our nylon and chemical intermediates product lines, we remain confident in our demonstrated ability to execute and perform through various macroeconomic cycles. We have meaningfully increased the earnings power of this business and our healthy balance sheet supports performance in the current environment while providing further optionality to deploy capital with a focus on maximizing shareholder value. To further our continued investment against our core strategies, we announced today our Sustain project, a multi-year investment in expanding our granular ammonium sulfate production predominantly through increased conversion by approximately 200,000 tons per year. This project wins on multiple fronts as it is further targeting no net increase in energy consumption or emissions. We believe this investment will have a meaningful impact in helping to nourish the world and is a win-win for our customers as well as supporting our growth and sustainability initiatives. With sulfur demand remaining robust as a key nutrient supporting crop yields, we are committed to growing in this space. I’ll note we have also applied for grant funding for Sustain from the USDA through the fertilizer production expansion program supporting innovative domestic fertilizer production. Now lastly, before I have Mike discuss the financial details of the quarter, I wanted to take a brief moment to address the ongoing labor negotiations with our Hopewell South bargaining unit and associated economic strike. From the beginning of negotiations, we have endeavored to reach a contract through a transparent and good faith bargaining process to address the various needs brought forth by the union negotiations team. Our proposals maintain a market-based, growth-specific wage approach designed to ensure we are providing competitive wages to our employees intended to improve attraction, retention, and development of our workforce in order to support long-term sustainable growth. Ahead of the bargaining process and consistent with historical practice, we developed robust contingency plans in the event of a work stoppage or strike. I’d like to thank our trained salary and contingent contract workers who have demonstrated an unwavering commitment to our customers and key stakeholders to ensure safe, stable, and sustainable operations over the past several weeks. All parties are back at the bargaining table this week, and we remain committed to continuing to bargain in good faith to reach a resolution to this situation. Now let me turn the call over to Mike.

Thanks, Erin, and good morning everyone. I’m now on Slide 4, where I’ll provide a summary of the first quarter 2023 financial results. Overall, solid results in the current environment and against a record prior year comparison. Sales of $401 million decreased approximately 16% in the first quarter. Volume was down 9% primarily driven by cautious buying behavior for ammonium sulfate amid continued sequential nutrient pricing declines through the quarter ahead of the start of the domestic planting season. We also continue to see soft end market demand particularly in consumer durables and building and construction, impacting portions of our nylon and chemical intermediates product lines. Pricing was unfavorable by 10% overall. Market-based pricing declined 6%, primarily reflecting lower ammonium sulfate pricing. Overall material pass-through pricing was lower by 4% following a net cost decrease in benzene and propylene. The acquisition of US Amines added approximately 3% to sales as well. Adjusted EBITDA was $65 million. I will highlight the key year-over-year variances on the next slide. Adjusted earnings per share was $1.30. The effective tax rate was 21% in the quarter, down from 23.3% in the prior year primarily reflecting a discrete adjustment in the quarter related to the vesting of equity compensation. I will note for the full year, we continue to expect an effective tax rate of approximately 24%. Finally, free cash flow was negative $23 million in the quarter. Cash flow from operations of $2 million decreased roughly $48 million versus the prior year, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of changes in working capital driven largely by the timing of cumene payments and lower net income. Capital expenditures of $25 million in the quarter increased $4 million versus the prior year. Now let’s turn to Slide 5. Here we highlight the key drivers of our first quarter adjusted EBITDA performance year-over-year. Pricing of raw materials was a $5 million headwind. Tracking our key variable margin drivers, performance across our caprolactam and nylon portfolio over our key raws was negative year-over-year, reflecting unfavorable supply and dynamics pressuring global pricing. Ammonium sulfate on a net price over a natural gas and sulfur basis was roughly neutral year-over-year as significantly lower pricing was largely offset by a reduction in input costs, reflecting strong commercial execution to capture our sulfur nutrient value proposition against the macro reset of nutrient values. Lastly, chemical intermediates price over raws spread was positive year-over-year, largely reflecting acetone margin over propylene costs. Volume including the impact of lower production was approximately $15 million unfavorable in the quarter. This largely reflects lower volume for ammonium sulfate, as previously discussed, and soft market conditions for our chemical intermediate products tied to continued weak demand in building and construction and for consumer durables. We saw approximately $13 million in higher costs, including indirect spend inflation and plant spend primarily driven by additional maintenance expense and operational enhancements. While our utilization rates were not as robust as the prior year period, particularly at our Frankford phenol plant, our integrated value chain and competitive cost position enables us to target running our plants at higher rates than the industry on average. Finally, all other items netted to roughly $5 million unfavorable impact, with higher SG&A costs reflecting upgrades to our enterprise resource planning systems and other functional support costs. Now let’s turn to the next slide. On the left side of Page 6, we’ve shown our first quarter free cash flow, which was unfavorably impacted by net working capital driven largely by the timing of raw material payments, as well as some impact from the unwinding of ammonium sulfate pre-buy cash advances in the quarter. As we’ve shared previously, there can be some lumpiness to our cash flow on a quarterly basis, driven by timing of payments, capital expenditures, plant turnarounds, our fourth quarter pre-buy program, amongst other items. I would highlight that over the last 12 months, our free cash flow yield is roughly 12% and our free cash flow conversion remains very strong at 92%, which reflects robust cash flow generation and quality of earnings our business model delivers. We have also maintained a very healthy return of cash to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends. As we look forward into the second quarter, we do anticipate improvement in cash flow on a sequential basis compared to the first quarter of 2023. We will, however, see the bulk of the impact from the unwinding of ammonium sulfate pre-buy cash advances impacting our cash flow conversion in the second quarter. For the full year 2023, we continue to project capital expenditure spend to be approximately $110 million to $120 million. This range reflects higher spend compared to 2022 to support critical infrastructure improvements, other maintenance, as well as additional growth and cost savings projects. Lastly, our 12-month net debt to EBITDA leverage ratio remains well below half a turn, so overall we remain in a favorable position with our healthy balance sheet supporting performance in an uncertain macro environment and providing further optionality to deploy capital with a focus on maximizing shareholder value. Now let me turn the call back to Erin.

Thanks, Mike. I’m now on Slide 7 to discuss each of our key product lines. Starting with nylon, we’ve seen global pricing pressured on the back of unfavorable supply and demand industry conditions. The Asia caprolactam over benzene spreads averaged roughly $800 per ton in the first quarter of 2023, reaching levels that we haven’t seen since 2020. The global composite price raw spreads underperformed the Asia spreads on a sequential basis from the fourth quarter as the slower growth Chinese economy is leading to excess supply moving to other regions, namely Europe, at lower prices. From an end market perspective in North America, the fiber and filament space where we serve our carpet customers has seen continued slowdown in demand through the chain. Building and construction indicators on both the residential and commercial sides have been lackluster. In engineered plastics, where we serve applications such as auto, consumer durables, and other industrial goods, margin compression has persisted with resin pricing falling more significantly than the change in raw material input costs. Lastly, packaging, while a more resilient end-use for our business, has begun to see demand softness tied to inventory de-stocking and inflationary pressures impacting buying behavior in certain applications, like bone, meat, and protective packaging. Moving to ammonium sulfate, in the lead-up to the North American spring, we saw nitrogen fertilizer pricing declines in the quarter amid lower energy costs and increases in global supply availability. However, underlying agricultural industry fundamentals, including crop prices, farmer profitability, expected planted acres, and stock-to-use ratios, have continued to support strong nutrient demand as we have moved into the season. Now that we are in the thick of the spring applications, we are seeing demand outpace immediate availability for a number of fertilizer offerings, which has bolstered and boosted the price for U.S. urea in particular. As we have noted in the past, ammonium sulfate pricing tends to be less volatile than urea and has seen smaller price reductions through the winter. However, we have seen AS pricing pick up a bit in recent weeks as well on strong demand, and we are working to serve our key plant nutrient customers as the season progresses. Lastly, turning to chemical intermediates, industry realized acetone prices over refinery-grade propylene costs continued to improve year-over-year in the first quarter. While acetone demand downstream has seen some softness into the large buyer end applications and we’ve navigated some industry plant turnarounds, we see supply as generally balanced. This has been supported by stable acetone imports into the U.S. and persistent lower phenol global operating rates on reduced demand, again into the markets like building construction and other industrial applications we’ve mentioned. Propylene costs have seen some movement higher, particularly in March, but spreads have remained steady given the supply and demand conditions I just highlighted. Our integrated operating model continues to serve us well in industry dynamics like these. Let’s turn to the next slide. Underpinning our success at AdvanSix is our commitment to sustainability, and we continue to strengthen the linkage between our ESG performance and our corporate strategic priorities. On the environmental front, we have improved operational alignment to achieve meaningful reductions with respect to our carbon footprint, emissions, energy usage, and water stewardship, and are developing strategies for delivering the next set of step changes in our impacts. Importantly, we are completing our initial life cycle assessment to establish a cradle-to-gate footprint for our products that our customers are requesting to help meet their decarbonization goals. We’ve highlighted today our granular ammonium sulfate expansion which, in addition to the other benefits I mentioned earlier, also represents a major step forward in sustainable water usage, with an expected reduction at our Hopewell site of approximately 10%. Our people remain our greatest asset and the foundation of the enterprise. We are executing initiatives to drive a zero incident safety mindset and progress on equity, diversity, and inclusion at all levels of our organization so we can attract and retain the best talent that reflects the communities in which we operate to deliver on our promise and priorities. By the end of this year, we will have 13 scholars sponsored under the Future of STEM Scholars initiative, our educational scholarship program, with about 60% of our current scholars joining us as summer interns. We have also implemented a governance framework serving to ensure accountability, oversight, and robust ESG reporting and performance across all indicators. As we have been progressing and maturing in this arena, we’re pleased to be recognized by a number of third-party organizations for our commitment to corporate social responsibility, including our second consecutive platinum rating by EcoVadis, positive recognition by CDT for environmental management, and Public Company Board of the Year by the National Association of Corporate Directors’ New Jersey chapter, among other recognitions and awards. Let’s turn to Slide 9. Our outlook for 2023 remains largely consistent with what we have shared previously. We continue to expect performance this year to demonstrate the resilience of our business model and our ability to navigate through the challenges of an uncertain environment. We expect favorable underlying agricultural and fertilizer industry fundamentals to support a robust planting and application season. As such, we anticipate improvement in ammonium sulfate domestic sales volume to increase in the second quarter, albeit in a lower nitrogen and raw material pricing environment. North American acetone supply and demand conditions remain balanced given lower phenol industry operating rates globally, while headwinds in consumer durables and building construction end markets persist across our nylon and other chemical intermediates product lines. This is expected to continue having implications for both volume and price. Operationally, we remain focused on safe, stable, and sustainable performance and continue to target running our plants at disproportionately higher rates than the industry on average. Our expected capital expenditure and impact of plant turnarounds remain unchanged. Lastly, we continue to expect our effective tax rate for the year to be approximately 24% and anticipate cash pension contributions to be approximately zero to $5 million following our $20 million contributions in 2022, bringing our defined benefit plan to a nearly fully funded status. Now let me turn to Slide 10 and wrap up before moving to Q&A. As a diversified chemistry company, we take pride in our long legacy of success and our strong track record of serving as a trusted partner for our customers with a diverse product portfolio that meets the evolving needs of multiple end markets and applications. It all starts with our essential chemistries that make innovative solutions possible. The range of our end market exposure helps insulate the company from significant variability in any one product line, as demonstrated by our results in several environments. Supplementing our exposure to diverse end-use applications, we have enhanced our sales mix through our differentiated product portfolio and continue to make smart and disciplined investments in our assets to sustain and improve throughput and profitability. With its focus on through-cycle profitability and upside from our deployment of capital, we continue to focus on increasing the earnings power of this business. We are executing to a set of focused priorities, all of which are aligned to drive in the critical measures that underpin achieving durable free cash flow, yield and top quartile conversion, compelling returns on capital, and attractive long-term shareholder returns. With that, Adam, let’s move to Q&A.

Great, thanks Erin. Betsy, can you please open the line for questions?

We will now begin the question and answer session. The first question comes from Vincent Anderson with Stifel. Please go ahead.

Good morning, and nice job here.

Good morning, Vincent.

I wanted to start with the granulation project, Erin. It sounds like it might be a little bit of a slower rollout, and I just wanted to know if there’s anything we should be thinking about with regards to the Hopewell footprint, if there’s maybe some downtime to squeeze any of that equipment in there.

Certainly, and happy to expand a bit more. This is an exciting day for us. This is an important area for us, and we’ve had opportunities to look at a variety of ways to think about our conversion. This program allows us to aggregate a number of projects and think about this expansion project over the next few years, so as you pointed out, it’s not a one big project, one big bang, so we will be seeing benefits move forward with increased production capability next year and full completion of the set of aggregate projects probably in the 2026 to 2027 timeframe. Again, projects are in different stages. We continue to work through the engineering of them, and they have different kinds of shapes and sizes, so we thought it was important to pull them together in a multi-year investment, and as we progress, we’ll continue to give you all some further transparency to that. As you say, we have to align the engineering to turnarounds, but not everything will require a significant turnaround, if you will, based on how we’re thinking about it.

Got you, okay. Super helpful. Then sticking with ammonium sulfate, the U.S. is stabilizing a bit but Brazil prices are still very concerning, and now we’re seeing Chinese urea exports increase slightly, although from a low level. Tying that into the overall Chinese capro industry, do you have a current view of the total system profitability for the Chinese players, considering the rapidly diminishing co-product revenue they’ve been exporting to Brazil?

Yes, considering the price points we discussed and their current operation at around $800 a ton spread, we would categorize this as more of a variable breakeven situation rather than a strictly disciplined total cash cost approach. This is certainly affecting pricing in Europe, which is currently above European cash costs. We're observing some of this behavior, especially given the challenges they are facing. Operating rates in China are likely around 70% to 75%, while Europe remains low at about 50%. All of these factors are influential in determining how they price in the market, so monitoring the recovery and growth in China is quite crucial.

Okay, that’s a helpful data point. I think typically they tend to revert back to around 60, 65%, so I guess we’ll see how that goes. In terms of nylon demand, have you seen enough demand decline yet, whether just de-stocking in carpet or industrial, to have to begin shipping more capro proportionately, or are you still able to place all of your nylon today?

Yes, so in the environment, our view here is again with our caprolactam cost position targeting those disproportional rates, which we continue to seek and target to achieve, in nylon where we have seen the softness, we’re using that opportunity now to, I would say, replenish and rebuild good inventory levels - I think you had asked us the question a quarter ago how we might think about that. Over the course of the last couple of years, we covered our industry force majeure, we had some of our own operational challenges, so as we’re running well, we’re re-establishing healthy levels of inventory so we feel good about our position, and then we have started to export some caprolactam where the market provides those opportunities. Again, our cost position allows us to do that, but again keep our assets full, get ourselves in good shape, and then seek those opportunities as we always have done during these time frames.

I wanted to ask one last question before passing it on. One of the significant compounders mentioned the BEAD program in the infrastructure bill, which is allocating about $40 billion over the next few years to enhance high-speed internet access. My two questions are, first, does your wire and cable business include fiber optic cable lines? Assuming it does, if we were to experience a significant increase in demand from that market over the next four to five years, is there anything we should consider regarding incremental capacity, or can you adjust your nylon production to meet the needs of wire and cable as required?

Great question, and certainly all of these infrastructure programs and grants are of interest to our customers, to ourselves, but at current we do not play into the applications into fiber optics. Most of our wiring cable is more feeder line for buildings. Noted, but right now I think that’s probably not a direct opportunity set for nylon.

The next question comes from David Silver with CL King. Please go ahead.

Yes, hi. Good morning.

Good morning.

I have a number of questions. I'd like to begin with the Hopewell South issue, if that's alright. You've been quite clear about your position, including in today's press release, but I would appreciate some historical context, Erin, especially since you have a long history with these assets. First, could you explain the long-term history of negotiations with Hopewell South? Is this the first strike in a long time or just recently? Is the Hopewell South bargaining unit a recent development? Secondly, when I review your releases, it seems that the bargaining unit is made up of several different units or unions. I'm curious if this complicates reaching a resolution. For instance, if something is acceptable to the electrical workers and food and commercial workers but not to the journeyman pipefitters, does that hinder a resolution? Are the various groups committed to voting together in accordance with the majority's decision? Essentially, could you provide a bit of background on this situation and how we might evaluate the potential duration and long-term impact as this labor situation unfolds? Thank you.

Sure, so let me share a little bit of context here as you’ve asked for, and relative to where we sit. I would characterize our relationships with our unions across the entire enterprise as good. We have a long history of renewals and extensions and replications across the board. In Hopewell South in particular, the last strike was in 1987, so to your point, it has been 36 years since we have seen and arrived at a situation like this. As you note, the Hopewell South bargaining unit is comprised of four separate unions, and when we think of this contract, our goal, right, we’ve been looking to achieve more unity by providing an equitable contract with wages that are competitive for all, not just for a segment of the union population. To your point, there is the current state of affairs and that’s what we’re trying to achieve, and within the current state of affairs, we have to move. Again, we want to ensure that all roles have the ability to be paid to market competitive positions, while we then need to maintain those groups that are already well positioned in the market, so that does present a different approach to what is necessary for the long term vision of this company to attract, retain, and provide progression for our workforce. As you note and probably have peeled back, there is a level of difference, right, in the approach here to accomplish those goals, so I’ll pause there.

Okay, great. Just to follow up, I wanted to clarify whether you believe that the contingent workforce you’ve put together can sustain safe and efficient operations at the Hopewell South indefinitely.

Yes, so I can provide some more color there too. Our salaried and contingent workforce is comprised of AdvanSix employees as well as our partner contractors, as well as contingent workers that we bring in and train. I can share I was down on Monday myself. I can assure, certainly based on what I saw and the time spent, this is a collective team that is committed to serving our customers at this time. I would share they ran the plant extremely well in April and we have a collaborative, engaged, empowered learning environment that is committed to our success and driving really great progress here for ourselves and for our customers.

I would like to shift focus to the fertilizer business. I listened to comments from another nitrogen fertilizer supplier during their conference call, and one issue that was raised concerned the increasing costs of transporting product from New Orleans to mid-corn belt destinations. Your location right on the eastern corn belt gives you a significant advantage at this time of year. You mentioned that after a long decline in prices, ammonium sulfate has recently increased, so I'm curious if this logistical challenge works in your favor. In your regions, have you been able to take advantage of this situation, and what does it mean for the potential demand for your product during the upcoming spring planting season? Thank you.

Certainly. I would reiterate that there might be more volatility or dynamism in pricing for urea compared to ammonium sulfate. Regarding logistics, while costs have increased, the constraints and current river conditions are creating a supply shortage that impacts immediate supply and allows for regional price variations as the season advances. The Midwest is quite expansive for us, typically showing about a $45 spread for ammonium sulfate in those areas. However, as we've mentioned before, we primarily rail from Virginia into the corn belt. We're actively working to position our product in the region, and as we are in the midst of planting, we've observed a slight increase in pricing. This provides more insight into how we perceive the situation.

Thank you for your help. I wanted to ask about your evaluation of the U.S. Amines acquisition, which has been about a year since it was completed. Could you share your thoughts on how the integration process has gone? Additionally, I recall Mike mentioning several appealing incremental opportunities related to the site. So, as we reach the one-year mark with U.S. Amines, have you achieved your goals so far? Also, in relation to the capital budget you presented, are there any plans concerning the two locations acquired with U.S. Amines? Thank you.

Yes, David, thanks for the question. I will say we are very pleased with the U.S. Amines acquisition. Overall, the integration has gone very, very well. They’ve been operationally and functionally integrated with the company. We also recently upgraded their enterprise resource planning system to the latest generation of SAP, so we feel very good about that. In terms of those attractive incremental opportunities for growth, we continue to explore those, some requiring some incremental investment at the site to be able to produce certain products that will be new, and those opportunities are coming to fruition. They do take some time and some commercial development as well as investment, but we are pleased with those opportunities and how they’re coming to fruition, and we are still very optimistic in terms of the outlook for the business.

Okay, that’s great. Thank you very much.

Thanks, David.

The next question comes from Charles Neivert with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

Morning everyone. Just a couple of quick questions. One, on ammonium sulfate, you’re going to be moving a lot more to granular over time. How much of your total sulfate will be able to become granular when you’re finished with these projects out in ’26, ’27 as you were talking about?

When you think about how the math works, right, so it’s an additional 200,000 tons, but that would approximate to a roughly 75% overall conversion.

Okay, so when it’s all said and done, you conceivably under the right circumstances are going to sell 75% granular, 25% - what, standard, I guess they call it, grade?

Yes, it could be standard and soluble. That’s the opportunity we also bring into our packaging business. There are mid-grade options, so other cuts will come from that.

I'm currently focused on the 75% granular segment. Regarding the decision to expand, I assume it's driven by demand from your current customers along with additional operational capabilities you can take on. This isn't just about expanding for the sake of it; rather, we know there's a market for it, so we are prepared to invest in the upgraded product. Essentially, the project is being guided by demand, rather than the other way around.

Correct. When we think about North American sulfur demand growth, it has continued to grow and will continue to grow based on its value proposition, so yes, this is very much a business case-oriented approach. In aggregate, we are reaching the investment levels that we have been consistently sharing, and so these are good projects and it’s time for us to move relative to supporting our customer base.

As we look at the granular market, will there be a shift in sales distribution by region? The previous sales mix was influenced by lower purchases in South America, but that market is improving. Do you expect that tonnage will start to favor the U.S., leading to increased inventory and more sales efforts in the U.S. during the seasonal cycle, or will your sales strategy remain largely balanced between the U.S. and South America, with a continued focus on South America due to the increased supply?

No, it is to support the North American market, so over time we would anticipate that mix to shift, that geographical mix.

Okay. Then in terms of the project, obviously partly what you said is there’s energy savings and things of that nature. Are you walking through other parts of your businesses, irrespective of which it is, and looking for places to cut costs along energy lines? I mean, you did that with coal, going to the gas boilers, that kind of stuff. Are there more projects potentially that could take down energy consumption over time?

When considering our life cycle assessments and the carbon footprint of our products, it is essential to focus on our future strategies. The emissions and energy data guide our options, which we are currently reviewing. This will enable us to conduct thorough analyses on how we can assist our customers in achieving their decarbonization targets. Additionally, optimizing energy use benefits both cost and sustainability. We need to determine the position of our footprint within that framework while maintaining our commitment to operational excellence. We are continually exploring these areas, but since this involves conversion, we do not expect a significant increase in the consumption of raw materials or energy, and we remain dedicated to achieving sustainability benefits associated with water.

Got it. Last question on my side, if I’m looking for a signal or an indicator of maybe some improvement in a variety of different ways, would one of those signals might be the pull back of Chinese exports to internal use? You know, you start seeing China being less, participating less, for instance, in the European market, which would be a signal that their own demand is picking up. Is that something we should be looking at, or what other signals might we be looking at to indicate a coming improvement, perhaps, in the nylon and/or sulfate business?

Yes, it's a very good point you raise. Currently, when we consider their capacity utilization and their exports, we can analyze what they are exporting directly, as well as looking at imports into the U.S. In the nylon sector, this isn't just about caprolactam or resin imports, but more about the imports of the compounded products themselves. I believe examining the trade flow dynamics would be the first step in identifying potential opportunities for positive developments to begin emerging.

Okay. That’s it for me for today. Thanks.

Thanks, Charlie.

The final question today comes from Vincent Anderson with Stifel. Please go ahead.

Yes, thanks. I just had a couple more super quick ones. Have you seen any of the de-stocking headwinds from the paint customers in your oximes business, or does that organic growth offset most of that pressure?

Yes, we have definitely felt some pressure in the European paints and coatings market in Q4, and we are just beginning to notice some signs of recovery in that area. In North America, we have not seen a significant seasonal increase yet, so it seems that there's still potential for growth ahead.

Okay, excellent. Then you addressed most of my Amines questions, or David touched on most of these, but maybe just to be more direct because I don’t trust my own math, but it looks like that business was actually up organically in the quarter. Is that correct?

Yes, when we examine it from a year-over-year perspective, we completed the transaction late in Q1 last year, so most of the impact is related to the acquisition on a year-over-year basis. This is what we observe. Moving forward, we will have it fully integrated this year, and our comparisons will be entirely organic.

Okay, but on a pro forma basis, would it have been up in 1Q?

We can revisit that topic. Regarding the market dynamics, it's important to note that our primary market is in agriculture, so the dynamics are consistent. I don’t have the exact figures in mind, but we likely observed a slower start related to the herbicide segment, with a recovery anticipated in the second quarter.

Okay.

Adam can follow up with you.

No worries. For the last question, I have one for Michael to keep him on his toes. Regarding the granulation project, you mentioned potential USDA funding, which is interesting. It's energy neutral, saves a lot of water, and functions as a co-product rather than a traditional chemical fertilizer. Additionally, most of your debt structure consists of a floating revolver line. Is there any consideration of green debt financing as part of a broader evaluation of your optimal capital structure between fixed and floating debt?

You know, certainly that is an option out there and some companies have taken advantage of that with respect to sustainability investments at each of the sites, and I will say that as we evaluate these opportunities both for sustainability-related investments as well as growth in expansion projects, we do look at all options, and for us as we looked at the opportunity with respect to the USDA potential funding and a grant, as well as the health of our balance sheet, we feel very comfortable with how we’re funding this project.

All right, great. That is all for me.

This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Erin Kane for any closing remarks.

Perfect. Thank you all again for your time and interest this morning. Despite a dynamic set of industry conditions and a record comparison in the prior year, we delivered solid earnings results in the first quarter of 2023. A diverse product portfolio and global low-cost position continue to serve us well as we navigate the current environment. We feel very good about the strategies we’ve implemented, which continue to support expectations for AdvanSix’s sustainable performance. With that, we look forward to speaking with you again next quarter. Stay safe and be well.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today’s presentation. You may now disconnect.