Good morning, everyone, and thank you for being with us for the CNO Financial Group Fourth Quarter 2024 Earnings Call. My name is Carlin, and I'll be facilitating your call today. Now, I'll turn it over to your host, Adam Auvil.

Good morning, and thank you for joining us on CNO Financial Group's Fourth Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. Today's presentation will feature remarks from Gary Bhojwani, Chief Executive Officer, and Paul McDonough, Chief Financial Officer. After the presentation, other business leaders will be available for the question-and-answer session. During this call, we will reference information from yesterday's press release, which can be accessed in the media section of our website at cnoinc.com. This morning's presentation is also available in the Investors section of our website and was filed in a Form 8-K yesterday. I want to remind you that any forward-looking statements made today are subject to various factors that could lead to actual results differing significantly from those anticipated. Today's presentation includes several non-GAAP measures, which should not be viewed as replacements for the most comparable GAAP measures. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to the relevant GAAP measures can be found in the appendix. Throughout the presentation, we will draw performance comparisons, and unless stated otherwise, these comparisons will reflect changes between the full year 2024 and the full year 2023. With that, I'll turn the call over to Gary.

Thanks, Adam. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. CNO delivered an exceptional quarter and full year financial performance showcasing our ability to grow the franchise while also growing earnings and improving profitability at the same time. 2024 was one of our best operating performances over the past several years, highlighted by sales records in both the Consumer and Worksite divisions. This year's performance demonstrated our proven commitment to leverage our business model to enable sustained profitable growth, execute on our strategic priorities, and drive ROE expansion. Our strong results were broad-based across earnings, production, investment results, and capital. We delivered our tenth consecutive quarter of sales growth, our eighth consecutive quarter in producing agent counts, and our most productive year ever for the Bankers Life field force. For the full year, total new annualized premium was up 7% across the enterprise. Production records were set in both divisions and in multiple product lines, which demonstrates the strength of our model to serve the varied needs of our middle-income consumers. I'll cover these results in more detail in each division's comments. Our sustained sales momentum continued to translate into earnings growth. Operating earnings per diluted share was $3.97, an increase of 28%. Excluding significant items, the increase was 40%. Earnings results were further supported by strong underwriting margins, favorable net investment income, and expense discipline. New money rates have exceeded 6% for 8 consecutive quarters now. Paul will go into greater detail on our financial performance. Capital and liquidity were well above target levels, while we returned $349 million to shareholders this year, a 50% increase over 2023. And for the 12th year in a row, we raised our quarterly common stock dividend. Book value per diluted share, excluding AOCI, was $37.19, up 10%. Additional highlights of our full year performance include growth in nearly all product categories, a continued strong capital position, free cash flow generation, and an all-time high share price. Turning to our growth scorecard, all but one of our growth scorecard metrics were up for the quarter and for the full year. Our growth scorecard focuses on three key drivers of our performance: production, distribution, and investments in capital. I'll discuss each division in the next two slides. Paul will cover investments in capital during his remarks. Beginning with the Consumer division, our consumer division delivered an outstanding year, capped off by our ninth consecutive quarter of sales growth. We executed well and delivered record sales across multiple product categories. Consumer Division total NAP was up 5% for the full year, led by 10% sales growth in field agent NAP. Health NAP was up 18% for the year on the continued strength of our new and enhanced products. Medicare Supplement NAP was up 26% for the year, and Medicare Advantage policies sold were up 14%. Our field delivered another strong Medicare annual enrollment period. We submitted a record number of MA policies in the quarter, up 39%. MA certified agents were up 8%, and we added 7 new MA carriers, bringing our total plan sponsors to 21. Persistency in both Med Supp and MA has consistently improved over the last few years due in large part to the lasting relationships that our exclusive agents build with their clients. Medicare products serve as a meaningful introduction point for customers to meet local agents who can help address additional retirement planning needs. Long-term Care NAP was up 35% for the year. We continue to see a growing need for this product within our target market. Our LTC products are designed for the middle market consumer, with 99% of the policies sold having benefit periods of 2 years or less and more than 90% having benefit periods of 1 year or less. These plans cover essential costs for 1 to 2 years and offer a balanced affordable approach to funding care. Life production was down for the year, driven by direct-to-consumer television advertising. In line with previous election years when leads costs were high, we remain disciplined and opportunistic in our approach to managing our D2C marketing spend. Annuity collected premiums were up 13% for the year, capping off two consecutive quarters of record sales. The long-term relationships our exclusive agents have established with their clients also add stability to our annuity block. The fourth quarter represented our seventh consecutive quarter of brokerage and advisory growth. For the full year, client assets in brokerage and advisory were up 28% to a record $4.1 billion, and new accounts were up 13%. When combined with our annuity account values, our clients now entrust us with more than $16 billion of their assets, up 11% from 2023. The strength of our agent distribution fueled our sales momentum in 2024. Producing agent comp was up 8% for the year, with meaningful gains in recruiting, productivity, and retention. The fourth quarter marked our eighth consecutive quarter of producing agent growth for the Consumer division. Technology investments continue to enable sales growth and operational efficiency in the division. Highlights included web and digital channels generating 30% of our full year direct-to-consumer applications, our Medicare health insurance technology platform processing almost 90% of all MA policies sold during the AEP, and accelerated underwriting on a portion of our simplified life products delivering an instant decision rate of nearly 80% on submitted policies. The Consumer division delivered an outstanding year, and I'm very pleased with the results. Our unique capability to combine a virtual connection with our established in-person agent force remains an attractive and valuable differentiator. We expect our differentiated offerings to continue to generate sustained sales and agent force growth in 2025. Next, Slide 7 and the Worksite Division performance. Our Worksite Division finished the year very strong with record full year insurance sales up 16% and record fourth quarter insurance sales up 23%. This represents our 11th consecutive quarter of insurance growth. New products and strategic growth initiatives contributed significantly to our strong worksite NAV performance. I'll share year-end results on 3 programs in particular. First, new insurance products generated double-digit sales growth in 2024. Critical illness was up 24%, accident was up 13% and hospital indemnity was up 20%. Second, our geographic expansion initiative contributed 35% of the total worksite NAV growth for the year and 38% of NAP growth in the quarter. As a reminder, this initiative targets areas where we've identified strategic opportunities to grow our market share and footprint. This is the fifth consecutive quarter of growth generated by this program. Lastly, NAP from new group clients was up 78%. This initiative helped agents cultivate and acquire new employer groups for insurance sales. We remain bullish on all 3 programs and expect their momentum to continue into 2025. Fee sales were up 37% for the year and up 12% for the quarter off of a small base. As a reminder, this metric reflects the annual contract value of benefit services sold and is a leading indicator of fee revenue growth. Producing agent count was up 8% for the year, capping off 10 consecutive quarters of growth. Recruiting was up 14% for the year, and retention remained strong. As I mentioned previously, onboarding new agents while simultaneously maintaining agent productivity is not easy. Our results highlight both the caliber of our worksite field force and the career opportunity we offer. I am pleased with Worksites steady growth, record sales and recruiting momentum over the past year. The division's solid performance illustrates the value that employers recognize in our integrated insurance and benefit solutions. Opportunities still exist to maximize the fee business and drive cross sales. We remain confident in our strategic plan for worksite and our ability to execute on it. And with that, I'll turn it over to Paul.

Thank you, Gary, and good morning, everyone. Turning to the financial highlights on Slide 8. We certainly finished the year strong with operating earnings per share, excluding significant items, up 41% in the quarter and 40% for the year. The operating return on equity excluding significant items improved by 280 basis points. The results reflect growth in the business, higher interest rates and investment returns and strong insurance product margins, coupled with disciplined expense and capital management. Admittedly, the results also reflect a year of mostly puts and very few takes in our insurance product margin. On a run rate basis, we estimate the full year operating return on equity at about 10%. Our expenses were in line with expectations with the incentive compensation accrual pushing the expense ratio to the high end of our guided range. We deployed $282 million of excess capital on share repurchases in the year, accelerating our capital return in the wake of the debt issuance back in May. This represents a 70% increase from the prior year and contributed to a 6% reduction in weighted average diluted shares outstanding. It also reflects the strong underlying free cash flow dynamics of the business. Turning to Slide 9. In general, sales growth together with higher interest rates are translating to growth in insurance product margin across all 3 of our product categories. Drilling down a bit our supplemental health and long-term care margins both continued to benefit from favorable morbidity in the quarter as they have for much of the year, reflecting claims trends that are within our expected range of outcomes, but favorable to what we would consider a sustainable run rate. In addition, for a third consecutive quarter, though to a lesser degree, other annuity margins benefited from reserve releases due to higher mortality on larger closed block policies. We do not expect this favorable impact to continue. Our estimated run rate operating return on equity of about 10% in 2024, adjusts for the insurance product margin outperformance in 2024 in these 3 product lines. Turning to Slide 10. The new money rate was 6.72%, setting the high watermark for the year and the eighth consecutive quarter above 6%. The average yield on allocated investments was 4.87%, up 19 basis points year-over-year. The increase in yield along with growth in the business drove a 7% increase in net investment income allocated to products for the quarter. Investment income not allocated to products was up 70%, primarily due to a $28.1 million dividend from our investment in Rialto Capital. Alternative investment results met yield expectations in the quarter. We completed a $450 million 3-year FABN offering in the quarter, the third FABN offering this year, bringing total 2024 issuance to $1.6 billion. Total investment income was up 16% for the quarter and 9% for the year. Our new investments in the quarter comprised approximately $820 million of assets with an average rating of A and an average duration of just under 6.5 years. Our new investments are summarized in more detail on Slides 22 and 23 of the presentation. Turning to Slide 11. The market value of invested assets grew 12% from the prior year, with roughly half of the growth resulting from recent FABN issuances and the other half due to growth in the business. Approximately 96% of our fixed maturity portfolio at quarter end was investment-grade rated with an average rating of A, reflecting our up in quality bias over the last several years. Turning to Slide 12. Our capital position remains strong. At quarter end, our consolidated risk-based capital ratio was 383%. Available Holdco liquidity was $372 million, well above our target minimum reflecting the debt issuance completed in May as well as continued strong free cash flow to the Holdco. We generated $284 million in excess cash flow to the holding company for the year exceeding the high end of the guidance range provided on the third quarter call and well above the original guidance provided last February. This result demonstrates the enterprise's significant ability to generate free cash flow. Leverage at quarter end was 32.1% as reported. Adjusting for the senior notes that will be paid off at maturity in May of this year, leverage at quarter end was 25.6%. Turning to Slide 13 and our 2025 guidance. As I mentioned, we estimate our run rate operating return on equity at about 10% in 2024. From that baseline, we expect to improve run rate operating ROE by 150 basis points over the next 3 years, including 50 basis points in 2025. In other words, we expect to generate an operating return on equity of about 10.5% in 2025 and about 11.5% by 2027. We expect 2025 operating earnings per share between $3.70 and $3.90. We expect the 2025 expense ratio to be between 19.0 and 19.4% with the midpoint in line with 2024 and inclusive of some pressure from expenses related to exploring a second reinsurance treaty with our Bermuda company, and by an IT initiative that I'll touch on further in a moment. We expect the seasonality of the expense ratio to follow a quarterly trend similar to the last 2 years, starting at the high end in the first quarter and then grading down through the year. We expect improved results in net investment income not allocated driven by our standard assumption that our alternative investments will generate a return in line with our long-term run rate assumption of between 9% and 10%. And we expect a modest decrease in fee income, notwithstanding continued growth in Medicare Advantage sales driven by a sales mix shift to some smaller Medicare Advantage providers, which puts pressure on fee income in the near term. In addition, we are making investments in the service side of our worksite business, which is also putting pressure on fee income in the near term. We again expect roughly one-quarter of the full year fee income in the first quarter and the balance in the fourth quarter with the second and third quarters roughly breakeven. We expect 2025 excess cash flow to the holding company to be between $200 million and $250 million. Consistent with prior years, we expect the 2025 effective tax rate to be 23% and we will continue to manage to a consolidated risk-based capital ratio of 375% in our U.S.-based insurance companies minimum Holdco liquidity of $150 million and target leverage between 25% and 28%. In addition to these high-level metrics for 2025, and our projected return on equity improvement over the next 3 years, we want to preview an initiative that will be starting in Q2 of this year. It is a 3-year project to modernize certain elements of our technology enabling continued growth of the business over the long term. It will result in a more stable and agile technology stack, leveraging AI and cloud, which would position us to more effectively leverage new technologies in order to speed up product development, enhance the agent's experience and improve customer service. The initiative is expected to cost approximately $170 million over 3 years including approximately $60 million in 2025. That $60 million in 2025 is reflected in our excess cash flow to the Holdco guidance for 2025. In terms of the accounting for this initiative, a small portion will be capitalized and amortized through operating income over time. A small portion will be expensed as incurred through operating income. As mentioned, this is putting some pressure on our expense ratio in 2025. The majority of the costs will be expensed as incurred, but excluded from operating income and included as a component of nonoperating income. The expenses excluded from operating income are discrete expenses, one-time in nature related to the 3-year initiative largely paid to third parties as well as some asset write-offs. They are clearly above run rate expenses during the project period and do not continue beyond the project period. In closing, I would emphasize that all of the 2025 guidance metrics and the 3-year return on equity improvement metrics are inclusive of this technology investment. In other words, we expect to improve sales and earnings and expand return on equity over the next 3 years while also investing for the long-term benefit of the company. And with that, Gary, I'll turn it back to you.

Thanks, Paul. Turning to Slide 14. As you have heard us discuss over the last several earnings calls, expanding ROE is the next step in the strategic evolution of CNO. Before 2019, our fixed and focused strategy was aimed at strengthening and fortifying our balance sheet. That phase culminated in our successful long-term care reinsurance transaction and an upgrade to investment grade ratings. Around 2020, we turned our attention to restarting our sales engine. We completed the strategic transformation of our business units to realign our operating model with changing consumer behaviors. Our Consumer and Worksite divisions were the result of these efforts. With 10 consecutive quarters of growth, our sales momentum is strong. These building blocks create a strong financial foundation CNO enjoys today. From 2024 onwards, we have been positioning CNO for growth and optimizing the results. As Paul shared in our 2025 guidance, we expect to generate 150 basis points of operating ROE improvement over the next 3 years. It's critical to note that we expect to deliver this improvement while continuing our sales momentum and investing back into the business to enable long-term growth. We're using multiple levers from across the enterprise to deliver these results. This slide highlights a representative sample of initiatives already in flight. I won't address them all, but will share thoughts on a handful. Number one, brokerage and advisory. Generating retirement income is a critical need for our market. We expect the demand for these services to accelerate. Number two, new products. Consumers have embraced our new and refreshed product offerings. Significant additional opportunities remain to leverage our product portfolio. Number three, CNO Bermuda Re. We are pleased with our initial treaty and remain committed to working with regulators on future opportunities to do additional business in Bermuda. Number four, modernizing our technology. As Paul referenced, we're investing in our technology to enable growth now and in the future. Upgrading systems will bring enhanced stability and efficiency to our tech foundation. We're positioning CNO for long-term growth. And none of this would be possible without the outstanding team we have at CNO. How our team executes and the capabilities of our leadership and associates drive our success. We also recognize that our ROE target for the next 3 years is a mile marker on the path and not our final destination. As our track record has demonstrated, we fully intend to keep leveling up as we advance CNO's growth story. Turning to Slide 16. CNO had exceptional full year financial performance in 2024. We demonstrated our ability to grow the franchise while also growing earnings and improving profitability. We once again enter a new year with considerable sales momentum and a growing agent force. Our capital position, liquidity and cash flow generation remains strong. CNO is well positioned to continue profitable growth and drive ROE expansion in 2025 and beyond. We thank you for your support of and interest in CNO Financial Group. We will now open it up for questions.

Our first question comes from John Barnidge of Piper Sandler.

How should we be thinking about buybacks assumed in guidance you offered excess free cash flow guidance as well. Some further color on that would be helpful.

John, it's Paul. So I think you should consider the free cash flow guidance together with the excess cash position relative to our minimum Holdco liquidity at the end of '24. I think that gives you a sense for share repurchase capacity in 2024, absent more compelling uses of that capital. I think I'd leave it there.

My follow-up question. Distribution has been good. Geographic expansion. It looks like it contributed 38% of NAP growth in 4Q, 35% in the full year. How much additional geographic expansion opportunity is there?

The short answer, John, is a lot. We think we're at the front end of this. We're very pleased with what our results have been so far, and we're always just trying to balance this against expense discipline. So we see tremendous potential, particularly in our worksite business. Our consumer division has a very well-developed national footprint our worksite division is considerably smaller. If you think about the dedicated agents we have, our worksite division literally has 1/10 the number of agents. So that gives you a sense. Now do I believe that the Worksite Division has the potential to have all of the same footprint, I think that's neither wise or necessary, but I think there's a lot more upside left. I'm very encouraged by what the geographic expansion has yielded and I think there's a lot more upside.

Our next question comes from Ryan Krueger of Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods.

First, just wanted to ask, Paul, I think you mentioned you're evaluating additional Bermuda opportunities. Can you give us any more sense of what you're considering there?

Sure. I don't want to get ahead of the process. So I won't provide any specifics. But yes, we are very closely evaluating what the opportunities are, prioritizing those opportunities. Our focus over the last year or so has been to just establish the team in Bermuda develop the relationships on Ireland, including with the Bermuda Monetary Authority. We're in a good place there. We've got an established team. They're hitting their stride. And so now our primary focus is to look for opportunities to leverage that platform beyond the initial treaty.

And in fixed annuities, particularly fixed indexed annuities, you saw surrender rates moderate in the fourth quarter back towards historical levels and also pretty strong sales activity. Can you give us some color around what you're seeing there and if you think this will kind of continue into 2025?

I'll comment on the surrenders and then Gary can provide insights on sales activity. The surrenders have decreased slightly from last year's peak. While they haven't returned to the levels seen a couple of years ago, they have reduced a bit and seem to have stabilized at the current level. Now, I'll hand it over to Gary to discuss future sales.

Yes. Thanks, Paul. And Ryan, thanks for the question. We feel very bullish about the opportunity we have with annuity sales. We think that the demographics are with us, meaning the number of people that are retiring or turning 65 every day continues to be growing. We're hitting near the peak of that. So we expect that to continue. There are fewer and fewer alternatives offered, meaning pensions and other things that offer lifetime income are virtually nonexistent anymore. So we think when you take those things together, particularly for middle-income America, specifically in the population we service, we think that there's going to be a continued demand. Now we've had a really good run and in my experience, the real world doesn't move in a straight line. The comps are getting tougher for us. So those will certainly present headwinds. But I think if you look at a longer-term trend, let's call it 3 to 5 years, I think you're going to continue to see very robust growth. Will a given quarter here, they're not match up to a pretty good year's quarter. I'm sure that's going to happen just because our comps are getting tougher. But in the aggregate, demand will be strong. Our clients need these products; our agents love using them because they're such a useful tool. So we see a really bright future for annuities for middle-income America.

Our next question comes from Wilma Burdis of Raymond James.

Could you give us a bit of a breakdown on the tech investments? Is it kind of platforms, consultants, implementing systems, other items? And then just can you talk about a few of the use cases for the tech and AI investments?

Sure. I'll start off, and then I'm sure Gary will want to provide some color. The primary focus of this investment, this initiative is converting various legacy policy admin platforms and select foundational systems from mainframe systems to cloud-based SaaS solutions. And with the new platform, we'll be able to evolve with the quickly changing Gen AI landscape. And in general, it will allow us to adopt and leverage new technologies more fully in the future.

Yes, I can add to that. The key is to move away from historical systems, particularly those outdated mainframe platforms. We need to adapt our offerings to provide consumers and agents with the modern technology and flexibility they expect, which means we can no longer rely on old systems. We must implement newer, cloud-based and Software-as-a-Service platforms to gain that flexibility. Essentially, we are establishing a new foundation that will enable us to build new features. We cannot continue to add new functionalities on top of an outdated system because it simply doesn’t work anymore. As a long-time insurance executive, I believe most insurers face similar challenges and must address them. The rapid evolution of technology makes it crucial for us to establish that new foundation to unlock new features and benefits. Wilma, does that answer your question?

Yes, that did. That definitely helps. And then it's great to see the 3-year guide with the ROE improvement realizes a lot of pieces, small moving pieces and you've talked about many of them. But maybe just help us think for what gives you the confidence? Are there some of those small pieces that you can identify? And it certainly sounds like this platform investment will probably help streamline things as well. So maybe if you could talk about all that.

Yes. Wilma, maybe I will start with kind of...

So Wilma...

I'm sorry, go ahead, Paul, do you want to start?

No, please go ahead.

Okay. I think I'm just going to start maybe with some general comments about how we think about guidance, kind of a little bit maybe more philosophical, and then I'll let Paul fill in some specifics. I think that one of the things that we're particularly mindful of within CNO is we're really careful about the commitments we make, particularly when we make them in a public setting. And that sounds obvious, but if you look over the last 5 years, I think what you'll see is we've been very cautious about when we provided guidance and the types of things we provided guidance about. So we've been very disciplined about making sure that we were committing to things that we really had a strong belief in. And I think if you take a look at our track record, I think we've got a pretty good track record of when we say we will do it actually delivering it. But we're really careful about that. I think on the ROE in particular because that's the biggest thing that we've gotten feedback from our shareholders about was providing more visibility into that. This is something we've been working on for quite some time. As you know, ROE is one of our incentive comp metrics. So we've always had attention on it. but really being able to get to a point where we've got good line of sight, and we feel like we've got the ability to execute against it. We feel like this is the natural point in our evolution. In other words, I'm saying all that, to make the point that it was very intentional that we didn't provide guidance prior. We feel like we're in a place now where we've got good line of sight, good credibility, the right people and so on. So we feel good about our ability to do those things. There are a number of things. If you take a look at that slide that I spoke to in terms of levers we're pulling there, whether it's re-exploring our reinsurance, whether it's thinking about how we'll handle our capital, whether it's the expense discipline. There are a number of different things we're looking at to make sure that we can perform against that commitment or that guidance. Paul, do you want to add any more specifics to that?

I guess I had a couple of comments. So Wilma, we're not going to give specific guidance beyond '25 in terms of what drives that additional improvement. But I would emphasize that the sales growth over the last couple of years and the sales growth that we expect will continue over the next foreseeable future, together with sort of higher for longer interest rates. Let's imagine the 10-year settles in here at about 4.5% and stays there, maybe it goes higher who knows, I don't imagine it goes much lower, that's a compounding tailwind. So that's part of it. There are things that we're doing in '25 that don't really begin to show up until '26 in terms of driving ROE expansion there are additional things that we have line of sight that we'll do in '26 that will help a little bit in '26 and more in '27. So it's all the things that are referenced or alluded to in the last slide of our deck, all the things that Gary just talked about, in aggregate, give us a lot of confidence in getting this 3-year ROE metric that we've put out.

Our next question comes from Suneet Kamath of Jefferies.

So first regarding the tech investments, we received $170 million over three years, but I am unsure if you specified what the savings element related to that would be and over what time frame. Paul, it appears that much of this will not reflect in the operating results. However, I thought you mentioned that it is all included in the ROE. I just wanted to clarify what is happening with that.

Yes. Suneet. So first of all, this isn't really a cost play. We don't expect this to translate to significant cost savings, but it's also not the run rate of our technology will be no better or worse for this investment. But it creates a more stable platform that allows us to leverage current technology, as Gary was talking about. So that's really the play. It's not a cost play. It's an investment that enables long-term growth of the business, right? We're at a point in our evolution as a company where we need to make these kinds of investments, and as Gary said, by the way, many of our peers will also. As an industry, we've got some sort of aging systems that are mainframe-based and don't really allow you to leverage some of the newer technology. We're making this investment to enable long-term growth. So that's really ahead. And then in terms of how it will flow through, yes, the majority of it, we will characterize as nonoperating. We'll give it a lot of visibility as a component of nonoperating and all of the guidance in '25 is inclusive of the impact on operating income, the impact on equity, the impact on free cash flow Holdco, so that $25 million at the midpoint, free cash for the flow to the Holdco is after investing $60 million in Tech Mod in 2025.

Got it. Okay. And then just on Bermuda, just at a high level, it does seem like a lot of life insurance companies are using this opportunity. And I guess I worry when I see so many companies doing it at some point does Bermuda kind of raise a hand and say, kind of enough is enough? Or just getting these treaties approved just takes longer. Just curious if that's a concern that you have or how we should think about it.

I don't foresee that being an issue in Bermuda. I mean, it's a market that operates, I think, very effectively, very efficiently and a regulatory regime that works well also that I think has lots of capacity for growth. So I don't see that as an issue. I think that's why so many companies have moved business there. And I think I expect that trend will continue.

Our next question comes from Jack Matten of BMO.

Just a question on the excess cash flow outlook. And I understand that you're coming off a very strong 2024 baseline. If I think about the $200 million to $250 million range, can you just discuss some of the drivers there? I know you mentioned that some of the IT investments are flowing through. Any other moving pieces that might cause you to reach the higher end versus the lower end of that range.

Sure. it's just a reflection of the dynamics of the business. There are obviously lots of moving pieces that determine our estimate of free cash flow. I think it reflects a balance of commitment to organic growth at healthy reasonable pace investments that we're making in the business like Tech Mod. And you put all that together in this $200 million to $250 million is what you get. In terms of what causes you to be at the low end or the high end, it's primarily the pace of organic growth, the economic climate, if you tip into a recession, that causes some credit moderation down, which results in higher capital charges. And then the third sort of primary element is the degree to which we take more or less risk inside of our investment portfolio.

Got it. That makes sense. And just a follow-up on the IT initiative. And I heard the commentary about not being a pure kind of expense-taking program. There's just more to it. But I guess, given kind of the operating leverage you might expect to get over time, is there like a longer-term like expense ratio that we should think about relative to the 19% to 19.4% for this year? And should we expect that ratio to keep coming down over time? Just any other color on the benefits of the program that you might expect.

So in the long run, expenses broadly, not just this IT initiative, I would expect our expense ratio to come down as we grow as we develop more operating leverage you would expect that that's a lever that would help, and you'd see that move down. It's not moving down 24% to midpoint of our guided 25% largely because of on the margin, some pressure on operating income and the operating expense ratio from Tech Mod, some pressure on the margin from expenses related to exploring additional sessions to the Bermuda company. right, that takes some time and money before you can actually get to something that you're proposing to the Bermuda Monetary Authority. So in my mind, it reflects the balance that we're trying to get to between growing the business, investing in the business, but also growing earnings and improving profitability. So I think probably maybe flat for a while in the context of that balance, but at some point, certainly moving down.

Our next question comes from Wesley Carmichael of Autonomous.

On long-term care, Paul, I think in your commentary on getting to the run rate ROE the 10% here. LTC has been pretty favorable relative to run rate levels. You had margin of $133 million in 2024. Any help with how you're thinking about what core earnings power would be not really looking for a guide, but maybe in terms of how much uplift that had on ROE versus the 10% would be helpful.

We are making three adjustments. Firstly, we expect to see an increase from other annuities, projecting around $1 million to $2 million per quarter, with expectations for significantly more in 2024. Secondly, we are adjusting the margins in long-term care and sub-health to approximately 10% for 2024. Our recent experience has been quite favorable and aligns with the higher end of our expectations, though we do anticipate some reversion to the mean, which we project for 2025. This expectation forms part of the basis for our guidance for 2025.

Got it. And Gary, I think you mentioned in your prepared remarks about a new and refreshed product offerings. What are you seeing in the near term? Where do you see consumer demand and maybe attractive margins for CNO in your perspective?

Thank you for the question. We have been fortunate with the products we have refreshed, seeing good demand. On the annuity side, we introduced some new features on the Worksite side and launched several new products, all of which have received a positive response. As we proceed with our technology modernization, we will keep exploring product options. However, I anticipate that for the next two or three years, we won't undertake major product launches since we need to concentrate on effectively executing this technology initiative. Therefore, I expect any product enhancements during this time to be more minor adjustments rather than significant new launches. There is potential for these changes, and the organization has the capacity to manage them, but I don't foresee major launches while we are focused on our technology modernization efforts.

We currently have no further questions. I'd like to hand back to Adam Auvil for any closing remarks.

Thank you, operator, and thank you all for participating in today's call. Please reach out to the Investor Relations team if you have any further questions. Have a great rest of your day.

We conclude today's call. We'd like to thank everyone for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.