Warrior Met Coal, Inc S-3ASR, filed Sep 26, 2025
Warrior Met Coal, Inc. (HCC)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2025
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware |
1220 |
81-0706839 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
16243 Highway 216
Brookwood, AL 35444
(205) 554-6150
(Address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Dale W. Boyles
Chief Financial Officer
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
16243 Highway 216
Brookwood, AL 35444
(205) 554-6150
(Name, address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Rosa Testani
Daniel Fisher
Shar Ahmed
Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP
One Bryant Park
Bank of America Tower
New York, New York 10036
(212) 872-8115
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Large accelerated filer |
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Accelerated filer |
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Non-accelerated filer |
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Smaller reporting company |
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Emerging growth company |
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
PROSPECTUS
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
Senior Debt Securities
Subordinated Debt Securities
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Rights
Depositary Shares
Warrants
Purchase Contracts
We may, from time to time, offer and sell debt securities, which may be senior or subordinated, common stock, preferred stock, rights, depositary shares, warrants and purchase contracts. In addition, selling stockholders may, from time to time, offer and sell our common stock held by such selling stockholders. We or the selling stockholders, as applicable, may offer and sell these securities from time to time in amounts, at prices and on terms that will be determined at the time of the applicable offering.
This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to these securities. We will provide the specific terms of any securities to be offered in a supplement to this prospectus. Any prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any supplement carefully before you invest.
Our shares of common stock are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “HCC.”
We or the selling stockholders, as applicable, may offer and sell these securities to or through one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, or directly to purchasers, on a continuous or delayed basis. The prospectus supplement for each offering of securities will describe in detail the plan of distribution. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any of these securities, the applicable prospectus supplement will provide the names of the agents or underwriters and any applicable fees, commissions or discounts.
This prospectus may not be used to sell securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
Investing in our securities involves risks. See “Risk Factors” on page 4 and the risk factors contained in any applicable prospectus supplement before making a decision to purchase our securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, any state securities commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is September 26, 2025.
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You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. Neither we nor the selling stockholders have authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the securities to which they relate and are not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation in that jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of the prospectus, or that the information incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of any security.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein include statements of our expectations, intentions, plans and beliefs that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and are intended to come within the safe harbor protection provided by those sections. These statements, which involve risks and uncertainties, relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable and may also relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies, including any potential changes to our production and sales volumes as a result of our negotiations with the labor union representing certain of our hourly employees. We have used the words “anticipate,” “approximately,” “assume,” “believe,” “could,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “target,” “future,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should” and similar terms and phrases, including in references to assumptions, in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made based on expectations and beliefs concerning future events affecting us and are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:
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These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements should, therefore, be considered in light of various factors, including the other factors described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference herein and under “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 incorporated by reference herein, and those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These documents are available through our website or through the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering and Analysis Retrieval system at http://www.sec.gov. In light of such risks and uncertainties, we caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
When considering forward-looking statements made by us in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, such statements speak only as of the date on which we make them. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict these events or how they may affect us. We have no duty to, and do not intend to, update or revise the forward-looking statements herein after the date of this prospectus, except as may be required by law. In light of these risks and uncertainties, you should keep in mind that any forward-looking statement made or incorporated by reference in this prospectus might not occur.
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf process, we may, from time to time, sell the securities or combinations of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. In addition, the selling stockholders identified in a prospectus supplement may, from time to time, sell our common stock held by them in one or more offerings. Each time we or selling stockholders, as applicable, offer securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement also may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. Any statement that we make in this prospectus will be modified or superseded by any inconsistent statement made by us in a prospectus supplement. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus prepared by us or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor any selling stockholders have authorized any other person to provide you with information different from that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. Neither we nor any selling stockholders are making offers to sell or solicitations to buy the securities in any jurisdiction in which an offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that (i) the information appearing in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, as well as the information contained in any document incorporated by reference herein or therein, is accurate only as of their respective dates or on the date or dates that are specified in such documents and (ii) any information in the documents that are incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects may have changed since those dates.
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Please read “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
In this prospectus, the “Company,” “Warrior,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and similar terms refer to Warrior Met Coal, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless we state otherwise or the context indicates otherwise.
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OUR COMPANY
We are a U.S.-based, environmentally and socially minded supplier to the global steel industry. We are dedicated entirely to mining non-thermal steelmaking coal used as a critical component of steel production by metal manufacturers in Europe, South America and Asia. We are a large-scale, low-cost producer and exporter of premium quality steelmaking coal, also known as hard-coking coal (“HCC”), operating highly efficient longwall operations in our underground mines based in Alabama. The HCC that we produce from the Blue Creek coal seam contains very low sulfur and has strong coking properties. The premium nature of Warrior’s HCC makes it ideally suited as a base feed for steel makers. We also generate ancillary revenues from the sale of natural gas extracted as a byproduct from the underground coal mines and royalty revenues from leased properties.
Our principal executive offices are located at 16243 Highway 216, Brookwood, Alabama 35444, and our telephone number at that address is (205) 554-6150. Our website address is www.warriormetcoal.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference herein and does not constitute part of this prospectus.
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves substantial risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors and all of the other information included in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus, including those included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K and any subsequently filed Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, which are incorporated herein by reference, and those risk factors that may be included in any applicable prospectus supplement, before making an investment decision regarding our securities. Any of the risk factors described therein could significantly and adversely affect our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations. As a result, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or not believed by us to be material may also negatively impact us.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, we expect to use the net proceeds we receive from the sale of the securities covered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include repayment or refinancing of borrowings, working capital, capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions. Any specific allocation of the net proceeds of an offering of securities to a specific purpose will be determined at the time of the offering and will be described in an accompanying prospectus supplement. Until we use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities for these purposes, we may place the net proceeds in temporary investments. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by selling stockholders. The selling stockholders will receive all of the net proceeds from the sale of such shares of common stock.
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
Information about selling stockholders, where applicable, will be set forth in a prospectus supplement, in a post-effective amendment, or in filings we make with the SEC under the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
General
We may issue debt securities in one or more series. When used in this Description of Debt Securities section, unless we state otherwise or the context clearly indicates otherwise, references to “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Warrior Met Coal, Inc., excluding its subsidiaries.
We may issue senior or subordinated debt securities. Neither the senior debt securities nor the subordinated debt securities will be secured by any of our property or assets. Thus, by owning a debt security, you will be one of our unsecured creditors.
The senior debt securities will constitute part of our senior debt, will be issued under our senior debt indenture described below and will rank equally with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt.
The subordinated debt securities will constitute part of our subordinated debt, will be issued under our subordinated debt indenture described below and will be subordinate in right of payment to all of our “senior debt,” as defined in the indenture with respect to such subordinated debt securities. The prospectus supplement for any series of subordinated debt securities or the information incorporated in this prospectus by reference will indicate the approximate amount of senior debt outstanding as of the end of the then most recent fiscal quarter. Neither indenture limits our ability to incur additional senior debt or other indebtedness.
When we refer to “debt securities” in this prospectus, we mean both the senior debt securities and the subordinated debt securities.
The debt indentures and their associated documents, including your debt security, contain the full legal text of the matters described in this section and your prospectus supplement. We have filed forms of the indentures with the SEC as exhibits to our registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus for information on how to obtain copies of them.
This section and your prospectus supplement summarize material terms of the indentures and your debt security. They do not, however, describe every aspect of the indentures and your debt security. For example, in this section and your prospectus supplement, we use terms that have been given special meaning in the indentures, but we describe the meaning for only the more important of those terms. Your prospectus supplement will have a more detailed description of the specific terms of your debt security.
Indentures
The senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities are each governed by a document called an indenture. Each indenture is a contract between us and the trustee. See “—Our Relationship with the Trustee.” The indentures are substantially identical, except for certain provisions including those relating to subordination, which are included only in the indenture related to subordinated debt securities.
The trustee under each indenture has two main roles:
When we refer to “the indenture” or “the trustee” with respect to any debt securities, we mean the indenture under which those debt securities are issued and the trustee under that indenture.
Series of Debt Securities
We may issue as many distinct debt securities or series of debt securities under either indenture as we wish. This section summarizes terms of the securities that apply generally to all debt securities and series of debt securities. The provisions of each indenture allow us not only to issue debt securities with terms different from those of debt securities previously issued under that indenture, but also to “reopen” a previously issued series of debt securities and issue additional debt securities of that series. We will describe most of the financial and other specific terms of your series, whether it is a series of the senior debt securities or the subordinated debt securities, in the prospectus supplement for that series. Those terms may vary from the terms described here.
As you read this section, please remember that the specific terms of your debt security as described in your prospectus supplement will supplement and, if applicable, modify or replace the general terms described in this section. If there are any differences between
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your prospectus supplement and this prospectus with respect to your debt security, your prospectus supplement will control. Thus, the statements we make in this section may not apply to your debt security.
When we refer to “debt securities” or a “series of debt securities,” we mean, respectively, debt securities or a series of debt securities issued under the applicable indenture. When we refer to “your prospectus supplement,” we mean the prospectus supplement describing the specific terms of the debt security you purchase. The terms used in your prospectus supplement will have the meanings described in this prospectus, unless otherwise specified.
Amounts of Issuances
Neither indenture limits the aggregate amount of debt securities that we may issue or the number of series or the aggregate amount of any particular series. We may issue debt securities and other securities at any time without your consent and without notifying you.
The indentures and the debt securities do not limit our ability to incur other indebtedness or to issue other securities. Also, unless otherwise specified below or in your prospectus supplement, we are not subject to financial or similar restrictions by the terms of the debt securities.
Principal Amount, Stated Maturity and Maturity
Unless otherwise stated, the principal amount of a debt security means the principal amount payable at its stated maturity, unless that amount is not determinable, in which case the principal amount of a debt security is its face amount.
The term “stated maturity” with respect to any debt security means the day on which the principal amount of your debt security is scheduled to become due. The principal may become due sooner, by reason of redemption, acceleration after a default or otherwise in accordance with the terms of the debt security. The day on which the principal actually becomes due, whether at the stated maturity or earlier, is called the “maturity” of the principal.
We also use the terms “stated maturity” and “maturity” to refer to the days when other payments become due. For example, we may refer to a regular interest payment date when an installment of interest is scheduled to become due as the “stated maturity” of that installment. When we refer to the “stated maturity” or the “maturity” of a debt security without specifying a particular payment, we mean the stated maturity or maturity, as the case may be, of the principal.
Specific Terms of Debt Securities
Your prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of your debt security, which will include some or all of the following:
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Governing Law
The indentures and the debt securities issued thereunder will be governed by New York law.
Form of Debt Securities
We will issue each debt security only in registered form, without coupons, unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. In addition, we will issue each debt security in global—i.e., book-entry—form only, unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. Debt securities in book-entry form will be represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary, which will be the holder of all the debt securities represented by the global security. Those who own beneficial interests in a global debt security will do so through participants in the depositary’s securities clearance system, and the rights of these indirect owners will be governed solely by the applicable procedures of the depositary and its participants. References to “holders” in this section mean those who own debt securities registered in their own names, on the books that we or the trustee maintain for this purpose, and not those who own beneficial interests in debt securities registered in street name or in debt securities issued in book-entry form through one or more depositaries.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the following is a summary of the depositary arrangements applicable to debt securities issued in global form and for which DTC acts as depositary.
Each global debt security will be deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC, as depositary, or its nominee, and registered in the name of a nominee of DTC. Except under the limited circumstances described below, global debt securities are not exchangeable for definitive certificated debt securities.
Ownership of beneficial interests in a global debt security is limited to participants that have accounts with DTC or its nominee, or persons that may hold interests through those participants. In addition, ownership of beneficial interests by participants in a global debt security will be evidenced only by, and the transfer of that ownership interest will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC or its nominee for a global debt security. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global debt security by persons that hold those interests through participants will be evidenced only by, and the transfer of that ownership interest within that participant will be effected only through, records maintained by that participant. DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the debt securities. Beneficial owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchase, but beneficial owners are expected to receive written confirmations providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the participants through which the beneficial owners entered the transaction. The laws of some jurisdictions require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of securities they purchase in definitive form. These laws may impair your ability to transfer beneficial interests in a global debt security.
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We will make payment of principal of, and interest and premium, if any, on, debt securities represented by a global debt security registered in the name of or held by DTC or its nominee to DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner and holder of the global debt security representing those debt securities. DTC has advised us that upon receipt of any payment of principal of, or interest or premium on, a global debt security, DTC will credit accounts of participants on its book-entry registration and transfer system with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective interests in the principal amount of that global debt security, as shown in the records of DTC. Payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a global debt security held through those participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the sole responsibility of those participants, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements that may be in effect from time to time.
Neither we, any trustee nor any of our respective agents will be responsible for any aspect of the records of DTC, any nominee or any participant relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial interests in a permanent global debt security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any of the records of DTC, any nominee or any participant relating to such beneficial interests.
A global debt security is exchangeable for certificated debt securities registered in the name of, and a transfer of a global debt security may be registered to, any person other than DTC or its nominee, only if:
Any global debt security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence will be exchangeable in whole for certificated debt securities in registered form, of like tenor and of an equal aggregate principal amount as the global debt security, in denominations specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, if other than $2,000 and multiples of $1,000. The certificated debt securities will be registered by the registrar in the name or names instructed by DTC. We expect that these instructions may be based upon directions received by DTC from its participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the global debt security.
Except as provided above, owners of the beneficial interests in a global debt security will not be entitled to receive physical delivery of debt securities in certificated form and will not be considered the holders of debt securities for any purpose under the indentures. No global debt security shall be exchangeable except for another global debt security of like denomination and tenor to be registered in the name of DTC or its nominee. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a global debt security must rely on the procedures of DTC and, if that person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which that person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the global debt security or the indentures.
We understand that, under existing industry practices, in the event that we request any action of holders, or an owner of a beneficial interest in a global debt security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the debt securities or the indentures, DTC would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take that action. Additionally, those participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through those participants to give or take that action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners owning through them.
DTC has advised us that it is a limited-purpose trust company organized under, and a “banking organization” within the meaning of, the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC was created to hold securities of its participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of transactions among its participants in securities through electronic, computerized book-entry transfers and pledges in accounts of the participants. By doing so, DTC eliminates the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC’s participants include both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations. DTC is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”). DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to DTC’s book-entry system is also available to others, such as both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a participant, either directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and its participants are on file with the SEC.
Investors may hold interests in the debt securities outside the U.S. through the Euroclear System (“Euroclear”) or Clearstream Banking (“Clearstream”) if they are participants in those systems, or indirectly through organizations which are participants in those systems. Euroclear and Clearstream will hold interests on behalf of their participants through customers’ securities accounts in Euroclear’s and Clearstream’s names on the books of their respective depositaries, which in turn will hold such interests in customers’ securities accounts in the depositaries’ names on the books of DTC.
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Euroclear advises that it was created in 1968 to hold securities for participants of Euroclear (“Euroclear Participants”) and to clear and settle transactions between Euroclear Participants through simultaneous electronic book-entry delivery against payment, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates and any risk from lack of simultaneous transfers of securities and cash. Euroclear includes various other services, including securities lending and borrowing and interfaces with domestic markets in several countries. Euroclear is operated by the Euroclear S.A./N.V. (the “Euroclear Operator”), under contract with Euroclear Clearance Systems S.C., a Belgian cooperative corporation (the “Cooperative”). All operations are conducted by the Euroclear Operator, and all Euroclear securities clearance accounts and Euroclear cash accounts are accounts with the Euroclear Operator, not the Cooperative. The Cooperative establishes policy for Euroclear on behalf of Euroclear Participants. Euroclear Participants include banks (including central banks), securities brokers and dealers and other professional financial intermediaries and may include any agents. Indirect access to Euroclear is also available to other firms that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Euroclear Participant, either directly or indirectly.
Securities clearance accounts and cash accounts with the Euroclear Operator are governed by the Terms and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear, the related Operating Procedures of the Euroclear System, and applicable Belgian law (collectively, the “Terms and Conditions”). The Terms and Conditions govern transfers of securities and cash within Euroclear, withdrawals of securities and cash within Euroclear, withdrawals of securities and cash from Euroclear, and receipts of payments with respect to securities in Euroclear. All securities in Euroclear are held on a fungible basis without attribution of specific certificates to specific securities clearance accounts. The Euroclear Operator acts under the Terms and Conditions only on behalf of Euroclear Participants and has no record of or relationship with persons holding through Euroclear Participants.
Distributions with respect to debt securities held beneficially through Euroclear will be credited to the cash accounts of Euroclear Participants in accordance with the Terms and Conditions, to the extent received by the U.S. depositary for Euroclear.
Clearstream advises that it is incorporated under the laws of Luxembourg as a professional depositary. Clearstream holds securities for its participating organizations (“Clearstream Participants”) and facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between Clearstream Participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of Clearstream Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. Clearstream provides to Clearstream Participants, among other things, services for safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement of internationally traded securities and securities lending and borrowing. Clearstream interfaces with domestic markets in several countries. As a professional depositary, Clearstream is subject to regulation by the Luxembourg Monetary Institute. Clearstream Participants are recognized financial institutions around the world, including agents, securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations and may include any agents. Indirect access to Clearstream is also available to others, such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Clearstream Participant either directly or indirectly.
Distributions with respect to debt securities held beneficially through Clearstream will be credited to cash accounts of Clearstream Participants in accordance with its rules and procedures, to the extent received by the U.S. depositary for Clearstream.
We have provided the descriptions herein of the operations and procedures of DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream solely as a matter of convenience. These operations and procedures are solely within the control of DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream and are subject to change by them from time to time. We believe that the sources from which the information in this section and elsewhere in this prospectus concerning DTC, Euroclear, the Euroclear Operator, the Cooperative, Euroclear’s system, Clearstream and Clearstream’s system has been obtained are reliable, but neither we, any underwriters nor the trustee takes any responsibility for the accuracy of the information.
Initial settlement for the securities will be made in immediately available funds. Secondary market trading between DTC participants will occur in the ordinary way in accordance with DTC’s rules and will be settled in immediately available funds. Secondary market trading between Euroclear Participants and/or Clearstream Participants will occur in the ordinary way in accordance with the applicable rules and operating procedures of Euroclear and Clearstream, as applicable, and will be settled using the procedures applicable to conventional eurobonds in immediately available funds.
Cross-market transfers between persons holding directly or indirectly through DTC, on the one hand, and directly or indirectly through Euroclear Participants or Clearstream Participants, on the other, will be effected in DTC in accordance with DTC rules on behalf of the relevant European international clearing system by its U.S. depositary; however, such cross-market transactions will require delivery of instructions to the relevant European international clearing system by the counterparty in such system in accordance with its rules and procedures and within its established deadlines (European time). The relevant European international clearing system will, if the transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to its U.S. depositary to take action to effect final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving securities in DTC, and making or receiving payment in accordance with normal procedures for same-day funds settlement applicable to DTC. Euroclear Participants and Clearstream Participants may not deliver instructions directly to their respective U.S. depositaries.
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Because of time-zone differences, credits of securities received in Euroclear or Clearstream as a result of a transaction with a DTC participant will be made during subsequent securities settlement processing and dated the business day following the DTC settlement date. Credits or any transactions in securities settled during this processing will be reported to the relevant Euroclear or Clearstream Participants on that following business day. Cash received in Euroclear or Clearstream as a result of sales of debt securities by or through a Euroclear Participant or a Clearstream Participant to a DTC participant will be received with value on the DTC settlement date but will be available in the relevant Euroclear or Clearstream cash account only as of the business day following settlement in DTC.
Although DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream have agreed to the foregoing procedures to facilitate transfers of securities among participants of DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream, they are under no obligation to perform or continue to perform these procedures and these procedures may be discontinued at any time.
Redemption or Repayment
If there are any provisions regarding redemption or repayment applicable to your debt security, we will describe them in your prospectus supplement.
We or our affiliates may purchase debt securities from investors who are willing to sell from time to time, either in the open market at prevailing prices or in private transactions at negotiated prices. Debt securities that we or they purchase may, at our discretion, be held, resold or canceled.
Mergers and Similar Transactions
We are generally permitted under the indenture for the relevant series to merge or consolidate with another corporation or other entity. We are also permitted under the indenture for the relevant series to sell all or substantially all of our assets to another corporation or other entity. With regard to any series of debt securities, however, we may not take any of these actions unless all the following conditions, among other things, are met:
If the conditions described above are satisfied with respect to the debt securities of any series, we will not need to obtain the approval of the holders of those debt securities in order to merge or consolidate or to sell our assets. Also, these conditions will apply only if we wish to merge or consolidate with another entity or sell all or substantially all of our assets to another entity. We will not need to satisfy these conditions if we enter into other types of transactions, including any transaction in which we acquire the stock or assets of another entity, any transaction that involves a change of control of the Company but in which we do not merge or consolidate and any transaction in which we sell less than substantially all our assets.
The successor entity will be substituted for the Company with respect to the debt securities of any series and under the indenture with the same effect as if it had been an original party to the indenture, and, except in the case of a lease, the Company will be relieved from any further obligations and covenants under the indenture.
Subordination Provisions
Holders of subordinated debt securities should recognize that contractual provisions in the subordinated debt indenture may prohibit us from making payments on those securities. Subordinated debt securities are subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner stated in the subordinated debt indenture, to all of our senior debt, as defined in the subordinated debt indenture, including all debt securities we have issued and will issue under the senior debt indenture.
The subordinated debt indenture defines “senior debt” as:
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, “senior debt” will not include: (i) equity interests; (ii) any liability for taxes; (iii) any indebtedness to any of our subsidiaries or affiliates; (iv) any trade payables; or (v) any indebtedness incurred in violation of the subordinated debt indenture.
We may modify the subordination provisions, including the definition of senior debt, with respect to one or more series of subordinated debt securities. Such modifications will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The subordinated debt indenture provides that, unless all principal of and any premium or interest on the senior debt has been paid in full, no payment or other distribution may be made in respect of any subordinated debt securities in the following circumstances:
If the trustee, on behalf of the holders of the subordinated debt securities, under the subordinated debt indenture or any holders of the subordinated debt securities receive any payment or distribution that is prohibited under the subordination provisions, then the trustee (to the extent such amounts have not been distributed to the holders of the subordinated debt securities) or the holders will have to repay that money to the Company or the bankruptcy trustee, as applicable.
Even if the subordination provisions prevent us from making any payment when due on the subordinated debt securities of any series, we will be in default on our obligations under that series if we do not make the payment when due. This means that the trustee under the subordinated debt indenture and the holders of that series can take action against us, but they will not receive any money until the claims of the holders of senior debt have been fully satisfied.
The subordinated debt indenture allows the holders of senior debt to obtain a court order requiring us and any holder of subordinated debt securities to comply with the subordination provisions.
Defeasance, Covenant Defeasance and Satisfaction and Discharge
When we use the term defeasance, we mean discharge from some or all of our obligations under the indenture. If we deposit with the trustee funds or government securities, or if so provided in your prospectus supplement, obligations other than government securities, sufficient to make payments on any series of debt securities on the dates those payments are due and payable and other specified conditions are satisfied, then, at our option, either of the following will occur:
If we defease any series of debt securities, the holders of such securities will not be entitled to the benefits of the indenture, except for our obligations to register the transfer or exchange of such securities, replace stolen, lost or mutilated securities or maintain paying agencies and hold moneys for payment in trust. In case of covenant defeasance, our obligation to pay principal of and any premium and interest on the applicable series of debt securities will also survive.
We will be required to deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel that the deposit and related defeasance would not cause the holders of the applicable series of debt securities to recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. If we elect legal defeasance, that opinion of counsel must be based upon a ruling from the United States Internal Revenue Service or a change in law to that effect.
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In addition, we may satisfy and discharge all our obligations under the indenture with respect to debt securities of any series, other than our obligation to register the transfer of and exchange debt securities of that series, provided that either:
No Personal Liability
No past, present or future director, officer, employee, incorporator, member, manager, partner (whether general or limited), unitholder or stockholder of the Company, as such, will have any liability for any obligations of us under the debt securities or the indentures or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each holder of debt securities by accepting a debt security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the debt securities. The waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws.
Default, Remedies and Waiver of Default
You will have special rights if an event of default with respect to your series of debt securities occurs and is continuing, as described in this subsection.
Events of Default
Unless your prospectus supplement says otherwise, when we refer to an event of default with respect to any series of debt securities, we mean any of the following:
We may change, eliminate, or add to the events of default with respect to any particular series or any particular debt security or debt securities within a series, as indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Remedies if an Event of Default Occurs
If you are the holder of a subordinated debt security, all the remedies available upon the occurrence of an event of default under the subordinated debt indenture will be subject to the restrictions on the subordinated debt securities described above under “—Subordination Provisions.”
Except as otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, if an event of default has occurred with respect to any series of debt securities and has not been cured or waived, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of all debt securities of that series then outstanding may declare the entire principal amount of the debt securities of that series to be due immediately. Except as otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, if the event of default occurs because of events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization relating to the Company, the entire principal amount of the debt securities of that series will be automatically accelerated, without any action by the trustee or any holder.
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Each of the situations described above is called an acceleration of the stated maturity of the affected series of debt securities. Except as otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, if the stated maturity of any series is accelerated and a judgment for payment has not yet been obtained, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of that series may cancel the acceleration for the entire series.
If an event of default occurs, the trustee will be obligated to exercise those of its rights and powers under the relevant indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in doing so, that a prudent person would use in that situation in conducting his or her own affairs.
The trustee is not required to take any action under the relevant indenture at the request of any holders unless the holders offer the trustee protection from costs, expenses and liability. This is called an indemnity. If the trustee is provided with an indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it, the holders of a majority in principal amount of all debt securities of the relevant series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any lawsuit or other formal legal action seeking any remedy available to the trustee with respect to that series. These majority holders may also direct the trustee in performing any other action under the relevant indenture with respect to the debt securities of that series.
Before you bypass the trustee and bring your own lawsuit or other formal legal action or take other steps to enforce your rights or protect your interests relating to any debt security, all of the following must occur:
You are entitled at any time, however, to bring a lawsuit for the payment of money due on your debt security on or after its stated maturity (or, if your debt security is redeemable, on or after its redemption date).
Book-entry and other indirect owners should consult their banks or brokers for information on how to give notice or direction to or make a request of the trustee and how to declare or cancel an acceleration of the maturity.
Waiver of Default
The holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of any series may waive a default for all debt securities of that series. If this happens, the default will be treated as if it has not occurred. No one can waive a payment default on any debt security, however, without the approval of the particular holder of that debt security.
Annual Information about Defaults to the Trustee
We will furnish each trustee every year a written statement of two of our officers certifying that to their knowledge we are in compliance with the applicable indenture and the debt securities issued under it, or else specifying any default under the applicable indenture.
Modifications and Waivers
There are four types of changes we can make to either indenture and the debt securities or series of debt securities thereof issued under that indenture.
Changes Requiring Each Holder’s Approval
First, there are changes that cannot be made without the approval of each holder of a debt security affected by the change under the applicable debt indenture, including, among others:
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Changes Not Requiring Approval
The second type of change does not require any approval by holders of the debt securities affected. These changes are limited to clarifications and changes that would not adversely affect any debt securities of any series in any material respect. Nor do we need any approval to make changes that affect only debt securities to be issued under the applicable indenture after the changes take effect. We may also make changes or obtain waivers that do not adversely affect a particular debt security, even if they affect other debt securities. In those cases, we do not need to obtain the approval of the holder of the unaffected debt security; we need only obtain any required approvals from the holders of the affected debt securities. We may also make changes to conform the text of the applicable indenture or any debt securities to any provision of the “Description of Debt Securities” in this prospectus or the comparable section in your prospectus supplement, to the extent such provision was intended to be a verbatim recitation of a provision of such indenture or debt securities.
Modification of Subordination Provisions
We may not amend the indenture related to subordinated debt securities to alter the subordination of any outstanding subordinated debt securities without the written consent of each holder of senior debt then outstanding who would be adversely affected (or the group or representative thereof authorized or required to consent thereto pursuant to the instrument creating or evidencing, or pursuant to which there is outstanding, such senior debt). In addition, we may not modify the subordination provisions of the indenture related to subordinated debt securities in a manner that would adversely affect the subordinated debt securities of any one or more series then outstanding in any material respect, without the consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of all affected series then outstanding, voting together as one class (and also of any affected series that by its terms is entitled to vote separately as a series, as described below).
Changes Requiring Majority Approval
Any other change to a particular indenture and the debt securities issued under that indenture would require the following approval:
in each case, except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to such indenture for all or any particular debt securities of any series. This means that modification of terms with respect to certain securities of a series could be effectuated without obtaining the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of other securities of such series that are not affected by such modification.
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The same majority approval would be required for us to obtain a waiver of any of our covenants in either indenture. Our covenants include the promises we make about merging or selling substantially all of our assets, which we describe above under “—Mergers and Similar Transactions.” If the holders approve a waiver of a covenant, we will not have to comply with it. The holders, however, cannot approve a waiver of any provision in a particular debt security, or in the applicable indenture as it affects that debt security, that we cannot change without the approval of the holder of that debt security as described above in “—Changes Requiring Each Holder’s Approval,” unless that holder approves the waiver.
We may issue particular debt securities or a particular series of debt securities, as applicable, that are entitled, by their terms, to separately approve matters (for example, modification or waiver of provisions in the applicable indenture) that would also, or otherwise, require approval of holders of a majority in principal amount of all affected debt securities of all affected series issued under such indenture voting together as a single class. Any such affected debt securities or series of debt securities would be entitled to approve such matters (a) pursuant to such special rights by consent of holders of a majority in principal amount of such affected debt securities or series of debt securities voting separately as a class and (b) in addition, as described above, except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to the applicable indenture for such debt securities or series of debt securities, by consent of holders of a majority in principal amount of such affected debt securities or series of debt securities and all other affected debt securities of all series issued under such indenture voting together as one class for this purpose. We may issue series or debt securities of a series having these or other special voting rights without obtaining the consent of or giving notice to holders of outstanding debt securities or series.
Book-entry and other indirect owners should consult their banks or brokers for information on how approval may be granted or denied if we seek to change an indenture or any debt securities or request a waiver.
Special Rules for Action by Holders
Only holders of outstanding debt securities of the applicable series will be eligible to take any action under the applicable indenture, such as giving a notice of default, declaring an acceleration, approving any change or waiver or giving the trustee an instruction with respect to debt securities of that series. Also, we will count only outstanding debt securities in determining whether the various percentage requirements for taking action have been met. Any debt securities owned by us or any of our affiliates or surrendered for cancellation or for payment or redemption, for which money has been set aside in trust, are not deemed to be outstanding. Any required approval or waiver must be given by written consent.
In some situations, we may follow special rules in calculating the principal amount of debt securities that are to be treated as outstanding for the purposes described above. This may happen, for example, if the principal amount is payable in a non-U.S. dollar currency, increases over time or is not to be fixed until maturity.
We will generally be entitled to set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the holders that are entitled to take action under either indenture. In certain limited circumstances, only the trustee will be entitled to set a record date for action by holders. If we or the trustee sets a record date for an approval or other action to be taken by holders, that vote or action may be taken only by persons or entities who are holders on the record date and must be taken during the period that we specify for this purpose, or that the trustee specifies if it sets the record date. We or the trustee, as applicable, may shorten or lengthen this period from time to time. This period, however, may not extend beyond the 180th day after the record date for the action. In addition, record dates for any global debt security may be set in accordance with procedures established by the depositary from time to time. Accordingly, record dates for global debt securities may differ from those for other debt securities.
Form, Exchange and Transfer
If any debt securities cease to be issued in registered global form, they will be issued:
Holders may exchange their debt securities for debt securities of smaller denominations or combined into fewer debt securities of larger denominations, as long as the total principal amount is not changed. You may not exchange your debt securities for securities of a different series or having different terms, unless your prospectus supplement with respect to your debt securities describes the terms of such exchange.
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Holders may exchange or transfer their non-global, registered debt securities at the office of the trustee. They may also replace lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated non-global, registered debt securities at that office. We have appointed the trustee to act as our agent for registering debt securities in the names of holders and transferring and replacing such debt securities. We may appoint another entity to perform these functions or perform them ourselves.
Holders will not be required to pay a service charge to transfer or exchange their debt securities, but they may be required to pay for any tax or other governmental charge associated with the exchange or transfer. The transfer or exchange, and any replacement, will be made only if our transfer agent is satisfied with the holder’s proof of legal ownership. The transfer agent may require an indemnity before replacing any debt securities.
If we have designated additional transfer agents for your debt security, they will be named in your prospectus supplement. We may appoint additional transfer agents or cancel the appointment of any particular transfer agent. We may also approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts.
If the debt securities of any series are redeemable and we redeem less than all those debt securities, we may block the transfer or exchange of those debt securities during the period beginning 15 days before the day we mail the notice of redemption and ending on the day of that mailing, in order to freeze the list of holders to prepare the mailing. We may also refuse to register transfers of or exchange any debt security selected for redemption, except that we will continue to permit transfers and exchanges of the unredeemed portion of any debt security being partially redeemed.
If a debt security is issued as a global debt security, only DTC or other depositary will be entitled to transfer and exchange the debt security as described in this subsection because such depositary will be the sole holder of the debt security.
The rules for exchange described above apply to exchange of debt securities for other debt securities of the same series and kind. If a debt security is convertible, exercisable or exchangeable into or for a different kind of security, such as one that we have not yet issued, or for other property, the rules governing that type of conversion, exercise or exchange will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Payments
We will pay interest, principal and other amounts payable with respect to the debt securities of any series to the holders of record of those debt securities as of the record dates and otherwise in the manner specified below or in the prospectus supplement for that series.
We will make payments on a global debt security in accordance with the applicable policies of the depositary as in effect from time to time. Under those policies, we will pay directly to the depositary, or its nominee, and not to any indirect owners who own beneficial interests in the global debt security. An indirect owner’s right to receive those payments will be governed by the rules and practices of the depositary and its participants.
We will make payments on a debt security in non-global, registered form as follows. We will pay interest that is due on an interest payment date by check mailed on the interest payment date to the holder at his or her address shown on the trustee’s records as of the close of business on the regular record date. We will make all other payments by check at the paying agent described below, against surrender of the debt security. All payments by check will be made in next-day funds—i.e., funds that become available on the day after the check is cashed.
Alternatively, if a non-global debt security has a face amount of at least $1,000,000 and the holder asks us to do so, we will pay any amount that becomes due on the debt security by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account at a bank in the United States, on the due date. To request wire payment, the holder must give the paying agent appropriate wire transfer instructions at least five business days before the requested wire payment is due. In the case of any interest payment due on an interest payment date, the instructions must be given by the person or entity who is the holder on the relevant regular record date. In the case of any other payment, payment will be made only after the debt security is surrendered to the paying agent. Any wire instructions, once properly given, will remain in effect unless and until new instructions are given in the manner described above.
Book-entry and other indirect owners should consult their banks or brokers for information on how they will receive payments on their debt securities.
Regardless of who acts as paying agent, all money paid by us to the trustee or any paying agent, or if then held by us, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt security of any series that remains unclaimed at the end of two
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years after the amount is due to a holder will be repaid to us or (if then held by us) shall be discharged from such trust. After that two-year period, the holder may look only to us for payment and not to the trustee, any other paying agent or anyone else.
Paying Agents
We may appoint one or more financial institutions to act as our paying agents, at whose designated offices debt securities in non-global entry form may be surrendered for payment at their maturity. We call each of those offices a paying agent. We may add, replace or terminate paying agents from time to time. We may also choose to act as our own paying agent. We will specify in the prospectus supplement for your debt security the initial location of each paying agent for that debt security. We must notify the trustee of changes in the paying agents.
Notices
Notices to be given to holders of a global debt security will be given only to the depositary, in accordance with its applicable policies as in effect from time to time. Notices to be given to holders of debt securities not in global form will be sent by mail to the respective addresses of the holders as they appear in the trustee’s records, and will be deemed given when mailed. Neither the failure to give any notice to a particular holder, nor any defect in a notice given to a particular holder, will affect the sufficiency of any notice given to another holder.
Book-entry and other indirect owners should consult their banks or brokers for information on how they will receive notices.
Our Relationship with the Trustee
Wilmington Trust, National Association will initially serve as the trustee for our senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities. Consequently, if an actual or potential event of default occurs with respect to any of these securities, the trustee may be considered to have a conflicting interest for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. In that case, the trustee may be required to resign under one or more of the indentures, and we would be required to appoint a successor trustee. For this purpose, a “potential” event of default means an event that would be an event of default if the requirements for giving us default notice or for the default having to exist for a specific period of time were disregarded.
The prospectus supplement for your debt security will describe any material relationships we may have with the trustee with respect to that debt security.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following description of our common stock, Rights Agreement, Series A Preferred Stock (as defined below), preferred stock, certificate of incorporation and bylaws are summaries thereof and are qualified by reference to our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and to the Rights Agreement, copies of which are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Our authorized capital stock consists of 140,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which 54,791,997 shares were issued and 52,570,156 shares were outstanding as of September 24, 2025, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which no shares are outstanding. 140,000 shares of preferred stock have been designated as “Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock” (the “Series A Preferred Stock”). Our shares of common stock are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “HCC.”
Common Stock
Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Shares of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights, which means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of our board of directors are able to elect all the directors to be elected at that time, and, in such event, the holders of the remaining shares are unable to elect any directors to be elected at that time. Other than as discussed below under “—Rights Agreement,” our certificate of incorporation does not provide stockholders any preemptive rights to acquire or subscribe for any stock, obligation, warrant or other securities of ours. Holders of shares of our common stock have no redemption or conversion rights nor are they entitled to the benefits of any sinking fund provisions.
In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of shares of our common stock will be entitled to receive, pro rata, all the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to our stockholders after payment of our debts and after there shall have been paid to or set aside for the holders of our capital stock ranking senior to common stock in respect of rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up the full preferential amounts to which they are respectively entitled.
Holders of record of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when and if declared by our board of directors out of any assets legally available for such dividends, subject to both the rights of all outstanding shares of capital stock ranking senior to the common stock in respect of dividends and to any dividend restrictions contained in debt agreements. All outstanding shares of our common stock and any shares sold pursuant to this prospectus will be fully paid and non-assessable.
Rights Agreement
The Rights. On February 14, 2020, the Company entered into a net operating loss carryforwards rights plan with Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as rights agent, which was amended on March 4, 2022 by Amendment No. 1 to the Rights Agreement and on December 8, 2023 by Amendment No. 2 to the Rights Agreement (the “Original Rights Agreement”, as so amended, the “Rights Agreement”).
In connection therewith, the Company issued a right with respect to each share of common stock outstanding on February 28, 2020 (the “Record Date”). The rights initially trade with, and are inseparable from, the common stock. New rights will accompany any new shares of common stock issued after the Record Date until the earlier of the Distribution Date (as defined below), the redemption date or the expiration date of the rights, as described below. Prior to exercise, a right does not give its holder any dividend, voting or liquidation rights.
Exercise Price. Each right will allow its registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, for $159.00, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances (the “Purchase Price”), once the rights become exercisable.
Exercisability. The rights will not be exercisable until the earlier to occur of:
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The date when the rights become exercisable is referred to as the “Distribution Date.” Until the Distribution Date, the rights are evidenced, with respect to any common stock certificates outstanding as of the Record Date, by such common stock certificates, and with respect to any shares of common stock held in uncertificated form as of the Record Date, by the book entries in the book-entry system for the common stock, in each case together with a copy of a Summary of Rights that the Company sent to all holders of record of common stock as of the Record Date. Until the Distribution Date, new common stock certificates issued after the Record Date upon transfer or new issuance of share of common stock will contain a legend regarding the rights (which certificates will evidence the associated rights) and the Company will deliver a notice regarding the rights upon the transfer or new issuance of shares of common stock held in book-entry form (which book-entries will evidence the associated rights). Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption, exchange, termination or expiration of the rights), the surrender for transfer of any certificates for common stock or book-entry shares, with or without such legend, notice or Summary of Rights, will also constitute the transfer of the associated rights. After the Distribution Date, the rights will separate from the common stock and be evidenced solely by right certificates that the Company will mail to all eligible holders of common stock. Any rights held by an Acquiring Person or an associate or affiliate thereof and certain transferees thereof will be null and void and may not be exercised.
Acquiring Person. “Acquiring Person” means any person or group that acquires 4.99% or more of the outstanding common stock or any existing stockholder who currently owns 5.00% or more of the common stock that acquires any additional shares of common stock without the approval of our board of directors. The Rights Agreement also gives discretion to our board of directors to determine that someone is an Acquiring Person even if they do not own 4.99% or more of the outstanding common stock but do own 4.99% or more in value of the Company’s outstanding stock, as determined pursuant to Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the regulations promulgated thereunder. In addition, our board of directors has established procedures to consider requests to exempt certain acquisitions of the Company’s securities from the Rights Agreement if the board of directors determines that doing so would not limit or impair the availability of the NOLs or is otherwise in the best interests of the Company.
Consequences of a Person or Group Becoming an Acquiring Person. If a person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person, all holders of rights except the Acquiring Person or an associate or affiliate thereof and certain transferees thereof may, upon exercise of a right, purchase for the Purchase Price shares of common stock with a market value of two times the Purchase Price, based on the market price of the common stock prior to such acquisition. If the Company does not have a sufficient number of shares of common stock available, the Company may under certain circumstances substitute shares of Series A Preferred Stock or other securities or property for the common stock into which the rights would have otherwise been exercisable.
Exempt Persons. Our board of directors recognizes that there may be instances when an acquisition of shares of the common stock that would cause a stockholder to become an Acquiring Person may not jeopardize or endanger, in any material respect, the availability of the NOLs to the Company. Accordingly, the Rights Agreement grants discretion to our board of directors to designate a person as an “Exempt Person.” Our board of directors can revoke an “Exempt Person” designation if it subsequently makes a contrary determination regarding whether a person jeopardizes or endangers in any material respect the availability of the NOLs to the Company.
Expiration. The rights will expire on the earliest of (i) the close of business on April 19, 2026, (ii) the time at which the rights are redeemed as provided in the Rights Agreement, (iii) the time at which the rights are exchanged as provided in the Rights Agreement, (iv) the time at which our board of directors determines that the NOLs are fully utilized or no longer available under Section 382 of the Code, (v) the effective date of the repeal of Section 382 of the Code if our board of directors determines that the Rights Agreement is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of NOLs, or (vi) the closing of any merger or other acquisition transaction involving the Company pursuant to an agreement of the type described in the Rights Agreement.
Redemption. Our board of directors may redeem the rights for $0.01 per right at any time before any person or group becomes an Acquiring Person. If our board of directors redeems any rights, it must redeem all of the rights. Once the rights are redeemed, the only right of the holders of rights will be to receive the redemption price of $0.01 per right. The redemption price will be adjusted if the Company has a stock split or issues stock dividends of its common stock.
Exchange. After a person or group becomes an Acquiring Person, but before an Acquiring Person owns 50% or more of the outstanding common stock, in lieu of the consequences described above in “Consequences of a Person or Group Becoming an Acquiring Person,” our board of directors may extinguish the rights by exchanging one share of common stock or an equivalent security for each right, other than rights held by the Acquiring Person or an affiliate or associate thereof and certain transferees thereof, which will have become null and void.
Anti-Dilution Provisions. The Purchase Price of the Series A Preferred Stock, the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock issuable and the number of outstanding rights are subject to adjustment to prevent dilution that may occur as a result of certain events, including among others, a stock dividend, a stock split, or a reclassification of the Series A Preferred Stock or common stock. With certain exceptions, no adjustments to the Purchase Price will be required until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% in such Purchase Price.
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Amendments. The terms of the Rights Agreement may be amended by our board of directors without the consent of the holders of the rights except that after a person or group becomes an Acquiring Person, our board of directors may not amend the agreement in a way that adversely affects holders of the rights.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of the Rights Agreement. In general terms, the Rights Agreement works by imposing a significant penalty upon the Acquiring Person. The Rights Agreement also gives discretion to our board of directors to determine that someone is an Acquiring Person even if they do not own 4.99% or more of the outstanding common stock but do own 4.99% or more in value of the Company’s outstanding stock, as determined pursuant to Section 382 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder. Stockholders who currently own 5.00% or more of the common stock will not trigger the rights unless they acquire additional shares of common stock, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Rights Agreement. In addition, our board of directors has established procedures to consider requests to exempt certain acquisitions of the Company’s securities from the Rights Agreement if our board of directors determines that doing so would not limit or impair the availability of the NOLs or is otherwise in the best interests of the Company.
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock
In connection with the adoption of the Rights Agreement, our board of directors approved a Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock designating 140,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of our authorized preferred stock. Each one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, if issued:
The value of one one-thousandth interest in a share of Series A Preferred Stock should approximate the value of one share of common stock.
Preferred Stock
Our board of directors is authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock (inclusive of the Series A Preferred Stock) in one or more series and to determine:
We will not need stockholder approval to issue or fix the terms of the preferred stock. The actual effect of the authorization of the preferred stock upon your rights as holders of common stock is unknown until our board of directors determines the specific rights of owners of any series of preferred stock. Depending upon the rights granted to any series of preferred stock, your voting power, liquidation preference or other rights could be adversely affected. Preferred stock may be issued in acquisitions or for other corporate purposes. Issuance in connection with a stockholder rights plan or other takeover defense could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from acquiring, control of the Company.
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140,000 shares of preferred stock have been designated as “Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock.”
Related Party Transactions and Corporate Opportunities
Subject to the limitations of applicable law, our certificate of incorporation, among other things:
Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could make it more difficult to acquire us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, or to remove our incumbent officers and directors. These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging such proposals because negotiation of such proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
Undesignated preferred stock. The ability to authorize and issue undesignated preferred stock may enable our board of directors to render more difficult or discourage an attempt to change control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise. For example, if in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, our board of directors were to determine that a takeover proposal is not in our best interest, our board of directors could cause shares of preferred stock to be issued without stockholder approval in one or more private offerings or other transactions that might dilute the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent stockholder or stockholder group.
Stockholder meetings. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the chairman of our board, by a resolution adopted by a majority of our board of directors or at the request of holders of a majority of our outstanding common stock. Stockholders requesting a special meeting are required to provide a notice to us with the proposed date, time and place of the meeting (which may not be earlier than 60 days after the date the notice is delivered to us (or 90 days in the case of special meetings called to elect one or more directors)) and the purposes for which the special meeting is being called. The stockholders requesting the special meeting are also required to comply with the requirements that would be applicable if the stockholders were proposing to nominate a candidate for election as a director at an annual meeting or proposing a topic for consideration at an annual meeting.
382 Transfer Restrictions. Our certificate of incorporation contains transfer restrictions (the “382 Transfer Restrictions”), which require approval from our board of directors in order for a person to acquire 4.99% of our stock or for any existing 4.99% holder to increase their ownership percentage upon the Company’s conversion to a corporation. In particular, without the approval of our board of directors, no person or group of persons treated as a single entity under Treasury Regulation Section 1.382-3 is permitted to acquire, whether directly, indirectly or constructively, and whether in one transaction or a series of related transactions, any of our common stock or any other instrument treated as stock for purposes of Section 382 of the Code, to the extent that after giving effect to such purported acquisition (a) the purported acquirer, or any other person by reason of the purported acquirer’s acquisition, would become a Substantial Holder (as defined below), or (b) the percentage of ownership of our common stock by a person that, prior to giving effect to the purported acquisition, is already a Substantial Holder would be increased. A “Substantial Holder” is a person that owns (as determined for purposes of Section 382 of the Code) at least 4.99% of the total value of our common stock, including any instrument treated as
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stock for purposes of Section 382 of the Code. See “Item 1, Part 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Ownership of our Common Stock—Our common stock is subject to the 382 Transfer Restrictions under our certificate of incorporation and the Amended Rights Agreement which are intended to prevent a Section 382 “ownership change,” which if not complied with, could result in the forfeiture of such stock and related dividends or substantial dilution of the stock ownership, respectively. Accordingly, this may impact the market price of our common stock and discourage third parties from seeking strategic transactions with us that could be beneficial to our stockholders” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 incorporated by reference herein.
Requirements for advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals. Our bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of our board of directors. These procedures provide that notice of stockholder nominations or proposals must be timely given in writing to our corporate secretary prior to the meeting at which the action is to be taken. Generally, to be timely, notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the date on which we first mailed our proxy materials for the annual meeting for the preceding year. Our bylaws will specify the requirements as to form and content of all stockholders’ notices. These requirements may make it more difficult for stockholders to bring matters before the stockholders at an annual or special meeting.
The provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and the Rights Agreement could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions which stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
Amendments to Our Certificate of Incorporation or our Bylaws
Our certificate of incorporation may be amended as allowed by the DGCL. Our bylaws contain provisions allowing our board of directors to amend and repeal the bylaws. The holders of our common stock may also amend the bylaws upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
Business Combinations with Interested Stockholders
In general, Section 203 of the DGCL prevents an interested stockholder, which is defined generally as a person owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of a Delaware corporation, from engaging in a business combination (as defined therein) for three years following the date that such person became an interested stockholder unless various conditions are satisfied. We have elected to opt out of the provisions of DGCL Section 203. Accordingly, we are not subject to the anti-takeover effects of DGCL Section 203.
Exclusive Forum
Our certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against directors, officers and other employees for breach of a fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only in specified courts in the State of Delaware. Although we believe this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors, officers and other employees.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification Matters
Our certificate of incorporation limits the liability of our directors for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duty as directors, except for the following liabilities that cannot be eliminated under the DGCL:
Any amendment or repeal of these provisions will be prospective only and would not affect any limitation on liability of a director for acts or omissions that occurred prior to any such amendment or repeal.
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Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws also provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law; provided that we shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors. Our bylaws also explicitly authorize us to purchase insurance to protect any of our officers, directors, employees or agents or any person who is or was serving at our request as an officer, director, employee or agent of another enterprise for any expense, liability or loss, regardless of whether Delaware law would permit indemnification.
We entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers. The agreements provide that we will indemnify and hold harmless each indemnitee for certain expenses to the fullest extent permitted or authorized by law, including the DGCL, in effect on the date of the agreement or as it may be amended to provide more advantageous rights to the indemnitee. If such indemnification is unavailable as a result of a court decision and if we and the indemnitee are jointly liable in the proceeding, we will contribute funds to the indemnitee for his or her expenses in proportion to relative benefit and fault of us and the indemnitee in the transaction giving rise to the proceeding. The indemnification agreements also provide that (i) we will indemnify the indemnitee for monetary damages for actions taken as our director or officer or for serving at our request as a director or officer or another position at another corporation or enterprise, as the case may be; and (ii) we must advance payment of certain expenses to the indemnitee, including fees of counsel, subject to receipt of an undertaking from the indemnitee to return such advance if it is it is ultimately determined that the indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification.
We believe that the limitation of liability provision included in our certificate of incorporation and the indemnification agreements will facilitate our ability to continue to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve as our directors and officers.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Equiniti Trust Company (“EQ”) is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock. The transfer agent for any series of preferred stock that we may offer under this prospectus will be named and described in the prospectus supplement for that series.
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DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS
We may issue rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares and debt securities. These rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the rights in such offering. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agreement which we will enter into with a bank or trust company, as rights agent, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the certificates relating to the rights and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights. In connection with any offering of such rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.
The following summary of certain provisions of the rights does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, all provisions of the applicable rights agreement.
Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of rights offered pursuant to such prospectus supplement for the terms of and information relating to such rights, including, where applicable:
On February 14, 2020, we adopted the Original Rights Agreement, which was amended on March 4, 2022 by Amendment No. 1 to the Rights Agreement and on December 8, 2023 by Amendment No. 2 to the Rights Agreement. For further information about the rights issued pursuant to the Rights Agreement, see “Description of Capital Stock” above.
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We may offer fractional interests in shares of preferred stock rather than full shares of preferred stock. In that event, depositary receipts will be issued to evidence depositary shares, each of which will represent a fraction of a share of a particular series of preferred stock, as described in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of depositary shares.
The shares of preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited under a deposit agreement between us and a depositary that is a bank or trust company, as depositary, that we will select as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of depositary shares. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular issue of depositary shares, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to the applicable fraction of a share of preferred stock represented by such depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of the shares of preferred stock represented by such depositary share, including dividend and liquidation rights and any right to convert the shares of preferred stock into common stock.
We will describe the terms of any depositary shares we offer and the related depositary agreement, as well as the terms of the shares of preferred stock represented thereby, in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of depositary shares.
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants that entitle the holder to purchase common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares and debt securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement and may be attached to or separate from any such offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, all as will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of warrants. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of warrants or beneficial owners of warrants.
The following summary of certain provisions of the warrants does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, all provisions of the applicable warrant agreement.
Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of warrants offered pursuant to such prospectus supplement for the terms of and information relating to such warrants, including, where applicable:
Warrants will be issued in registered form only. The exercise price for warrants will be subject to adjustment in accordance with the applicable prospectus supplement.
Each warrant will entitle the holder thereof to purchase such principal amount of debt securities or such number of shares of preferred stock, common stock or depositary shares at such exercise price as shall in each case be set forth in, or calculable from, the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants, which exercise price may be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events as set forth in such prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, or such later date to which such expiration date may be extended by us, unexercised warrants will become void. The place or places where, and the manner in which, warrants may be exercised shall be specified in the prospectus supplement relating to such warrants.
Prior to the exercise of any warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities, holders of such warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of such common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities, as the case may be, purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the debt securities purchasable upon such exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture, or to receive payments of dividends, if any, on the preferred stock, or common stock purchasable upon such exercise, or to exercise any applicable right to vote or to exercise any rights of holders of depositary receipts in respect of the depositary shares purchasable upon such exercise.
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DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS
We may issue purchase contracts, including contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and obligating us to sell to holders, a specified number of shares of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities offered hereby at a future date or dates, which we refer to in this prospectus as “purchase contracts.” The price per unit of the securities and the number of units of the securities may be fixed at the time the purchase contracts are issued or may be determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the purchase contracts. The purchase contracts may require holders to secure their obligations under the purchase contracts in a specified manner. The purchase contracts may be convertible into or exercisable for common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities of ours or debt or equity securities of one or more other entities.
An accompanying prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the purchase contracts and, if applicable, collateral or depositary arrangements relating to the purchase contracts. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the purchase units and the purchase contracts will also be discussed in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The securities being offered by this prospectus may be sold by us or a selling stockholder in and outside the United States (1) through underwriters or dealers; (2) directly to purchasers, including our affiliates and stockholders, through a specific bidding or auction process or otherwise or in a rights offering; (3) through agents (acting as agent or principal); (4) through a combination of any of these methods; or (5) through any other method described in a prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement will include the following information:
The securities may be sold in at-the-market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. The securities may be sold at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The consideration may be cash or another form negotiated by the parties. Agents, underwriters or broker-dealers may be paid compensation for offering and selling the securities. That compensation may be in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions to be received from us or from the purchasers of the securities. Dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and compensation received by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts. If such dealers or agents were deemed to be underwriters, they may be subject to statutory liabilities under the Securities Act.
We or selling stockholders may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third parties may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third parties in such sale transactions will be underwriters and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). We, the selling stockholder or one of our or their affiliates may loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities using this prospectus. Such financial institution or third party may transfer its short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a simultaneous offering of other securities offered by this prospectus or otherwise.
Sale through Underwriters or Dealers
If underwriters are used in a sale, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account for resale to the public. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or under delayed delivery contracts or other contractual commitments. Underwriters may offer securities to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. The prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement will be used by the underwriters to resell the securities.
If an underwriter or underwriters are used in the sale of securities, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter or underwriters at the time an agreement for the sale is reached. Unless we inform you otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the offered securities if they purchase any of them. The underwriters may change from time to time any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.
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Representatives of the underwriters through whom the offered securities are sold for public offering and sale may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, syndicate short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves syndicate sales in excess of the offering size, which creates a syndicate short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the offered securities so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the offered securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Penalty bids permit the representative of the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the offered securities originally sold by such syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Such stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the offered securities to be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of such transactions. These transactions may be effected on a national securities exchange and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
Some or all of the securities that we offer through this prospectus may be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters to whom the securities are sold for public offering and sale may make a market in those securities, but they will not be obligated to do so and they may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of the liquidity of, or continued trading markets for, any securities that we offer.
If dealers are used in the sale of securities, we, a selling stockholder or an underwriter will sell the securities to them as principals. The dealers may then resell those securities to the public at varying prices determined by the dealers at the time of resale. If applicable, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement the names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction.
Direct Sales and Sales through Agents
We or a selling stockholder may sell the securities directly. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. We may also sell the securities through agents designated from time to time. If required, we will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the offered securities in the applicable prospectus supplement, and we will describe any commissions payable to the agent. Unless we inform you otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, any agent will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment. Any agent selling the securities covered by this prospectus may be deemed to be an underwriter, as that term is defined in the Securities Act, of the securities.
We or a selling stockholder may sell the securities directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sale of those securities. To the extent required, we will describe the terms of any such sales in the applicable prospectus supplement, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if used.
We may also make direct sales through subscription rights distributed to our existing stockholders on a pro rata basis that may or may not be transferable. In any distribution of subscription rights to our stockholders, if all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may then sell the unsubscribed securities directly to third parties or we may engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to sell the unsubscribed securities to third parties.
Remarketing Arrangements
Offered securities also may be offered and sold, if so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, in connection with a remarketing upon their purchase, in accordance with a redemption or repayment pursuant to their terms, or otherwise, by one or more remarketing firms, acting as principals for their own accounts or as agents for us or the selling stockholders. Any remarketing firm will be identified and the terms of its agreements, if any, with us or the selling stockholders, as applicable, and its compensation will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Remarketing firms may be deemed to be underwriters, as that term is defined in the Securities Act, in connection with the securities remarketed.
Delayed Delivery Arrangements
If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we or the selling stockholders may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.
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General Information
We may have agreements with the underwriters, dealers and agents to indemnify them against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute with respect to payments that the underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make. If required, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms and conditions of such indemnification or contribution.
Under the securities laws of some states, the securities offered by this prospectus may be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of our business for which they may receive compensation.
The specific terms of any lock-up provisions in respect of any given offering of securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
LEGAL MATTERS
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon by Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, New York, New York. Additional legal matters may be passed on for us, or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Warrior Met Coal, Inc. (the Company) for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report (Form 8-K) filed on September 26, 2025, and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting appearing in the Company's Annual Report (Form 10-K) as of December 31, 2024, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements are, and audited financial statements to be included in subsequently filed documents will be, incorporated herein in reliance upon the reports of Ernst & Young LLP pertaining to such financial statements and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the respective dates (to the extent covered by consents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission) given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing
The information included or incorporated by reference herein relating to the estimates of the quantity and quality of our proven and probable coal reserves for Mine No. 4, Mine No. 7 and our Blue Creek mine is derived, for the most part, from, and in some instances is an extract from, the technical report summaries relating to such properties prepared in compliance with Item 601(b)(96) and subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K by Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc., an independent engineering firm and has been included or incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the authority of this firm as an expert in those matters.
The information incorporated by reference herein relating to the estimates of the quantity and quality of our proven and probable mineral reserves for our other mines was prepared by McGehee Engineering Corp., an independent engineering firm and has been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the authority of this firm as an expert in those matters.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. We also filed a registration statement on Form S-3, including exhibits, under the Securities Act with respect to the securities covered by this prospectus. This prospectus is a part of the registration statement, but does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement or the exhibits. You can find our public filings with the SEC on the internet at a website maintained by the SEC located at http://www.sec.gov. We also make available on our internet website our annual, quarterly and current reports and amendments as soon as reasonably practicable after such documents are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Our internet address is www.warriormetcoal.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and does not constitute a part of this prospectus.
We are “incorporating by reference” specified documents that we file with the SEC, which means (i) incorporated documents are considered part of this prospectus; (ii) we are disclosing important information to you by referring you to those documents; and (iii) information we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede information contained in this prospectus.
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We incorporate by reference the documents listed below (excluding any information furnished under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Form 8-K or other information furnished with the SEC, which is not deemed filed under the Exchange Act), which we filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act:
In addition, we incorporate by reference in this prospectus any future filings made by the Company with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any information furnished under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Form 8-K or other information furnished to the SEC, which is not deemed filed under the Exchange Act) after the date on which the registration statement that includes this prospectus was initially filed with the SEC and until all offerings under this registration statement are terminated.
Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for all purposes to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document which is also incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. You may request a copy of these filings (other than an exhibit to a filing unless that exhibit is specifically incorporated by reference into that filing) at no cost by writing or telephoning us at the following address and telephone number:
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
16243 Highway 216
Brookwood, AL 35444
(205) 554-6150
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the fees and expenses in connection with a distribution of securities under this registration statement.
SEC registration fee |
|
$ |
* |
FINRA filing fee |
|
|
** |
Accounting fees and expenses |
|
|
** |
Legal fees and expenses |
|
|
** |
Rating agency fees and expenses |
|
|
** |
Printing and engraving expenses |
|
|
** |
Trustee, transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses |
|
|
** |
Miscellaneous expenses |
|
|
** |
Total |
|
$ |
** |
* The registrant is deferring payment of the registration fee in reliance on Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r).
** These fees are calculated based on the number of issuances and amount of securities offered and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Limitation of Liability
Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a corporation, in its certificate of incorporation, to limit or eliminate, subject to certain statutory limitations, the liability of directors to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of fiduciary duty, except for liability:
In accordance with Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL, Article IX of our certificate of incorporation provides that no director shall be personally liable to us or any of our stockholders for monetary damages resulting from breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors, except to the extent such limitation on or exemption from liability is not permitted under the DGCL. The effect of this provision of our certificate of incorporation eliminates our rights and those of our stockholders (through stockholders’ derivative suits on our behalf) to recover monetary damages against a director for breach of the fiduciary duty of care as a director, including breaches resulting from negligent or grossly negligent behavior, except, as restricted by Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL. However, this provision does not limit or eliminate our rights or the rights of any stockholder to seek non-monetary relief, such as an injunction or rescission, in the event of a breach of a director’s duty of care.
If the DGCL is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the liability of directors, then, in accordance with our certificate of incorporation, the liability of our directors to us or our stockholders will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL, as so amended. Any repeal or amendment of provisions of our certificate of incorporation limiting or eliminating the liability of directors, whether by our stockholders or by changes in law, or the adoption of any other provisions inconsistent therewith, will (unless otherwise required by law) be prospective only, except to the extent such amendment or change in law permits us to further limit or eliminate the liability of directors on a retroactive basis.
Indemnification
Section 145 of the DGCL permits a corporation, under specified circumstances, to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlements actually and reasonably incurred by them in connection with any action, suit or proceeding brought by third parties by reason of the fact that they were or are directors, officers, employees or agents of the corporation, if such directors, officers, employees or agents acted in good faith and in a manner they reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reason to believe their conduct was unlawful. In a derivative action, i.e., one by or in the right of the corporation, indemnification
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may be made only for expenses actually and reasonably incurred by directors, officers, employees or agents in connection with the defense or settlement of an action or suit, and only with respect to a matter as to which they shall have acted in good faith and in a manner they reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made if such person shall have been adjudged liable to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that the defendant directors, officers, employees or agents are fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses despite such adjudication of liability.
Our certificate of incorporation provides that we will, to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by applicable law, indemnify our current and former directors and officers, as well as those persons who, while directors or officers of our corporation, are or were serving as directors, officers, employees or agents of another entity, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan, in connection with any threatened, pending or completed proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, against all expense, liability and loss (including, without limitation, attorney’s fees, judgments, fines, excise taxes and penalties under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by any such person in connection with any such proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a person eligible for indemnification pursuant to our certificate of incorporation will be indemnified by us in connection with a proceeding initiated by such person only if such proceeding was authorized by our board of directors, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification.
The right to indemnification conferred by our certificate of incorporation is a contract right that includes the right to be paid by us the expenses incurred in defending or otherwise participating in any proceeding referenced above in advance of its final disposition, provided, however, that if the DGCL requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by our officer or director (solely in the capacity as an officer or director of our corporation) will be made only upon delivery to us of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such officer or director, to repay all amounts so advanced if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under our certificate of incorporation or otherwise.
The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses is not deemed exclusive of any other rights which any person covered by our certificate of incorporation may have or hereafter acquire under law, our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws, an agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.
Any repeal or amendment of provisions of our certificate of incorporation affecting indemnification rights, whether by our stockholders or by changes in law, or the adoption of any other provisions inconsistent therewith, will (unless otherwise required by law) be prospective only, except to the extent such amendment or change in law permits us to provide broader indemnification rights on a retroactive basis, and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing at the time of such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision. Our certificate of incorporation also permits us, to the extent and in the manner authorized or permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other that those specifically covered by our certificate of incorporation.
Our bylaws include provisions relating to advancement of expenses and indemnification rights consistent with those set forth in our certificate of incorporation. In addition, our bylaws provide for a right of indemnitee to bring a suit in the event a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses is not paid in full by us within a specified period of time. Our bylaws also permit us to purchase and maintain insurance, at our expense, to protect us and/or any director, officer, employee or agent of our corporation or another entity, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not we would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL.
Any repeal or amendment of provisions of our bylaws affecting indemnification rights, whether by our board of directors, stockholders or by changes in applicable law, or the adoption of any other provisions inconsistent therewith, will (unless otherwise required by law) be prospective only, except to the extent such amendment or change in law permits us to provide broader indemnification rights on a retroactive basis, and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing thereunder with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision.
We entered into indemnification agreements with each of our current directors and executive officers. These agreements require us to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by reason of their service to us, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. We also intend to enter into indemnification agreements with our future directors and executive officers.
II-2
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(A) Exhibits:
Exhibit |
Description |
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1.1* |
Form of Underwriting Agreement. |
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2.1# |
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2.2 |
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3.1 |
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3.2 |
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3.3 |
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3.4 |
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3.5 |
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4.1 |
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4.2 |
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4.3 |
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4.4 |
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4.5 |
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4.6 |
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4.7* |
Form of Certificate of Designations. |
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4.8* |
Form of Preferred Stock Certificate. |
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4.9* |
Form of Rights Agreement (including form of Rights Certificate). |
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II-3
Exhibit |
Description |
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4.10* |
Form of Deposit Agreement. |
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4.11* |
Form of Depositary Receipt Certificate. |
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4.12* |
Form of Warrant Agreement. |
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4.13* |
Form of Warrant Certificate. |
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4.14* |
Form of Purchase Contract Agreement. |
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5.1** |
Opinion of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP as to the legality of the securities being registered. |
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23.1** |
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23.2** |
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23.3** |
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23.4** |
Consent of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1). |
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24.1** |
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25.1** |
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107** |
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* To be filed, if necessary, by amendment or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference herein.
** Filed herewith.
# The schedules to this agreement have been omitted for this filing pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company will furnish copies of such schedules to the SEC upon request.
Item 17. Undertakings.
provided, however, that paragraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
II-4
II-5
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Brookwood, Alabama, on September 26, 2025.
Warrior Met Coal, Inc. |
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By: |
/s/ Walter J. Scheller, III |
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Walter J. Scheller, III |
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Chief Executive Officer |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Walter J. Scheller, III and Dale W. Boyles, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, from such person and in each person’s name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and to sign and file any other registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done as fully to all intents and purposes as he himself might or could do, if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on September 26, 2025.
Signature |
Title |
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/s/ Walter J. Scheller, III Walter J. Scheller, III |
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Director |
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/s/ Dale W. Boyles Dale W. Boyles |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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/s/ J. Brett Harvey J. Brett Harvey |
Director |
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/s/ Kimberly Y. Chainey Kimberly Y. Chainey |
Director |
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/s/ Lisa M. Schnorr Lisa M. Schnorr |
Director |
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/s/ Alan H. Schumacher Alan H. Schumacher |
Director |
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/s/ Stephen D. Williams Stephen D. Williams |
Director |
Exhibit 5.1
September 26, 2025
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
16243 Highway 216
Brookwood, Alabama 35444
Re: Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
Registration Statement on Form S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special counsel to Warrior Met Coal, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the registration, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), relating to the offering and sale from time to time, as set forth in the Registration Statement, the form of prospectus contained therein (the “Prospectus”), and one or more supplements to the Prospectus (each, a “Prospectus Supplement”), by the Company or, with respect to Common Stock referred to below, certain selling stockholders of the Company to be identified in one or more Prospectus Supplements, of an indeterminate aggregate amount of securities (the “Securities”) consisting of (a) shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), together with the rights (the “Attached Rights”) to purchase Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued pursuant to the 2020 Rights Agreement (as defined below) attributable thereto, (b) shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), (c) the Company’s depositary shares representing fractional shares of Preferred Stock (the “Depositary Shares”), (d) the Company’s senior debt securities in one or more series (the “Senior Debt Securities”), and the Company’s subordinated debt securities in one or more series (the “Subordinated Debt Securities” and, together with the Senior Debt Securities, the “Debt Securities”), (e) the Company’s warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares or Debt Securities (the “Warrants”), (f) the Company’s rights to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares or Debt Securities (the “Rights”), and (g) the Company’s purchase contracts to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares or Debt Securities (the “Purchase Contracts”), or any combination of the foregoing, each on the terms to be determined at the time of each offering. This opinion is being furnished at the request of the Company and in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act.
We have examined originals or certified copies of (i) a form of base indenture (the “Senior Base Indenture”) with respect to the Senior Debt Securities, filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Registration Statement, to be entered into by and between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee thereunder (the “Trustee”), which provides that the form and terms of any series of Senior Debt Securities to be issued under such Senior Base Indenture will be established by, or pursuant to, a board resolution and set forth in an officers’ certificate or established in a supplemental indenture with respect to such Senior Base Indenture, (ii) a form of base indenture (the “Subordinated Base Indenture” and, together with the Senior Base Indenture, each an “Indenture”) with respect to the Subordinated Debt Securities, filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the Registration Statement, to be entered into by and between the Company and the Trustee, which provides that the form and terms of any series of Subordinated Debt Securities to be issued under such Subordinated Base Indenture will be established by, or pursuant to, a board resolution and set forth in an officers’ certificate or established in a supplemental indenture with respect to such Subordinated Base Indenture, (iii) the Rights Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2020, as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 to Rights Agreement, dated as of March 4, 2022 and that certain Amendment No. 2 to Rights Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2023 (as so amended, the “2020 Rights Agreement”), between the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as rights agent, and (iv) such corporate records of the Company and other certificates and documents of officials of the Company and public officials and others as we have deemed appropriate for purposes of this letter. We have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, and the conformity to authentic original documents of all copies submitted to us as conformed, certified or reproduced copies. We have also assumed the existence and entity power of each party to any Instrument (defined below) referred to herein other than the Company. As to various questions of fact relevant to this letter, we have relied, without independent investigation, upon certificates of public officials and certificates of officers of the Company, all of which we assume to be true, correct and complete.
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
September 26, 2025
Page 2
Based upon the foregoing and subject to the assumptions, exceptions, qualifications and limitations set forth hereinafter, we are of the opinion that:
1. With respect to Securities constituting Common Stock (including Common Stock to be issued by the Company to any selling stockholders for offering and resale pursuant to the Registration Statement), when (i) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Common Stock, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (ii) such Common Stock has been duly issued and delivered, with certificates representing such Common Stock having been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered or, if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations for the issuance thereof in uncertificated form having been duly made in the share register of the Company, in accordance with the terms of any applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement providing for the issuance and sale thereof by the Company or, if such Common Stock is issuable upon exchange, exercise or conversion of Securities constituting Preferred Stock, the applicable certificate of designations therefor or, if such Common Stock is issuable upon exchange or conversion of Securities constituting Debt Securities, the Indenture and applicable officers’ certificate or supplemental indenture therefor or, if such Common Stock is issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Warrants, the applicable warrant agreement (the “Warrant Agreement”) therefor or, if such Common Stock is issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Rights, the applicable rights agreement (the “Rights Agreement”) therefor or, if such Common Stock is issuable pursuant to Purchase Contracts, the applicable purchase contract agreement (the “Purchase Contract Agreement”) therefor, in each case, against payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided for therein and the Attached Rights attributable thereto have been issued in accordance with the terms of the 2020 Rights Agreement, then such Common Stock (including any Common Stock duly issued (a) upon exchange, exercise or conversion of any Securities constituting Preferred Stock that are exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Common Stock, (b) upon exchange or conversion of any Securities constituting Debt Securities that are exchangeable for or convertible into Common Stock, (c) upon exercise of any Securities constituting Warrants that are exercisable for Common Stock, (d) upon exercise of any Securities constituting Rights that are exercisable for Common Stock, or (e) pursuant to any Securities constituting Purchase Contracts providing for the purchase of Common Stock) will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and validly issued and will be fully paid and non-assessable and such Attached Rights will have been validly issued.
2. With respect to Securities constituting Preferred Stock, when (i) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Preferred Stock, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (ii) the Board of Directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof (the “Board”) has taken all necessary corporate action to designate and establish the terms of such Preferred Stock and has caused a certificate of designations with respect to such Preferred Stock to be prepared and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, and (iii) such Preferred Stock has been duly issued and delivered, with certificates representing such Preferred Stock having been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered or, if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations for the issuance thereof in uncertificated form having been duly made in the share register of the Company, in accordance with the terms of any applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement or, if such Preferred Stock is issuable upon exchange or conversion of Securities constituting Debt Securities, the Indenture and applicable officers’ certificate or supplemental indenture therefor or, if such Preferred Stock is issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Warrants, the applicable Warrant Agreement therefor or, if such Preferred Stock is issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Rights, the applicable Rights Agreement therefor or, if such Preferred Stock is issuable pursuant to Purchase Contracts, the applicable Purchase Contract Agreement therefor, in each case, against payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided for therein, then such Preferred Stock (including any Preferred Stock duly issued (a) upon exchange or conversion of any Securities constituting Debt Securities that are exchangeable for or convertible into Preferred Stock, (b) upon exercise of any Securities constituting Warrants that are exercisable for Preferred Stock, (c) upon exercise of any Securities constituting Rights that are exercisable for Preferred Stock or (d) pursuant to any Securities constituting Purchase Contracts providing for the purchase of Preferred Stock) will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and validly issued and will be fully paid and non-assessable.
3. With respect to Securities constituting Depositary Shares, when (i) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Depositary Shares, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (ii) the actions with respect to the Preferred Stock underlying such Depositary Shares referred to in paragraph 2 above have been taken and such Preferred Stock has been duly deposited with the Depositary (defined below) under the applicable depositary agreement (the “Depositary Agreement” and, together with each Indenture and any Warrant Agreement, Rights Agreement and Purchase Contract Agreement, each, an “Instrument”)), and (iii) such Depositary Shares have been issued and delivered, with Depositary Receipts (defined below) representing such Depositary Shares having been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered in accordance with the terms of the applicable Depositary Agreement and the terms of any applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement or, if such Depositary Shares are issuable upon exchange or conversion of Securities constituting Debt Securities, the Indenture and applicable officers’ certificate or
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
September 26, 2025
Page 3
supplemental indenture therefor, or, if such Depositary Shares are issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Warrants, the applicable Warrant Agreement therefor, or, if such Depositary Shares are issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Rights, the applicable Rights Agreement therefor, or, if such Depositary Shares are issuable pursuant to Purchase Contracts, the applicable Purchase Contract Agreement therefor, in each case, against payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided for therein, then such Depositary Shares (including any Depositary Shares duly issued (a) upon exchange or conversion of any Securities constituting Debt Securities that are exchangeable for or convertible into Depositary Shares, (b) upon exercise of any Securities constituting Warrants that are exercisable for Depositary Shares, (c) upon exercise of any Securities constituting Rights that are exercisable for Depositary Shares or (d) pursuant to any Securities constituting Purchase Contracts providing for the purchase of Depositary Shares), will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
4. With respect to Securities constituting Debt Securities, when (i) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to establish the form and terms of such Debt Securities and to authorize and approve the issuance of such Debt Securities, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (ii) the applicable Indenture in substantially the form filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and any officers’ certificate or supplemental indenture thereto relating to such Debt Securities have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto with the terms of such Debt Securities having been set forth in such Indenture or such an officers’ certificate or supplemental indenture delivered pursuant thereto, (iii) the Trustee under the applicable Indenture has been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “TIA”), and (iv) such Debt Securities have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered in accordance with the terms of the applicable Indenture and officers’ certificate or supplemental indenture relating to such Debt Securities and any applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, or, if such Debt Securities are issuable upon exchange, exercise or conversion of Securities constituting Preferred Stock, the applicable certificate of designations therefor or, if such Debt Securities are issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Warrants, the applicable Warrant Agreement therefor, or, if such Debt Securities are issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Rights, the applicable Rights Agreement therefor, or, if such Debt Securities are issuable pursuant to Purchase Contracts, the applicable Purchase Contract Agreement therefor, in each case, against payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided for therein, then such Debt Securities (including any Debt Securities duly issued upon (a) exchange, exercise or conversion of any Securities constituting Preferred Stock that are exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Debt Securities, (b) exercise of any Securities constituting any Warrants that are exercisable for Debt Securities, (c) exercise of any Securities constituting any Rights that are exercisable for Debt Securities or (d) pursuant to any Securities constituting Purchase Contracts providing for the purchase of Debt Securities) will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
5. With respect to Securities constituting Warrants, when (i) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Warrants, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (ii) such Warrants have been duly executed, countersigned, issued and delivered in accordance with the terms of the applicable Warrant Agreement and such authorization and approval relating to such Warrants and the terms of any applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, against payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided for therein, then such Warrants will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
6. With respect to Securities constituting Rights, when (i) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Rights, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (ii) such Rights have been duly executed, countersigned, issued and delivered in accordance with the terms of the applicable Rights Agreement and such authorization and approval relating to such Rights and the terms of any applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement against payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided for therein, then such Rights will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
7. With respect to Securities constituting Purchase Contracts, when (i) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Purchase Contracts, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (ii) such Purchase Contracts have been duly executed, countersigned, issued and delivered in accordance with the terms of the applicable Purchase Contract Agreement and such authorization and approval relating to such Purchase Contracts and any applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, against payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided for therein, then such Purchase Contracts will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
September 26, 2025
Page 4
The opinions and other matters in this letter are qualified in their entirety and subject to the following:
(A) We have assumed that, in the case of each offering and sale of Securities, (i) the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments), will have become effective under the Act and, if such Securities constitute Debt Securities, the Indenture will have been qualified under the TIA and such effectiveness or qualification shall not have been terminated or rescinded; (ii) a Prospectus Supplement will have been prepared and filed with the Commission describing such Securities (and, if Common Stock is offered by selling stockholders, identifying such selling stockholders); (iii) such Securities will have been issued and sold in compliance with applicable United States federal and state securities Laws (hereinafter defined) and pursuant to and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the applicable Prospectus Supplement; (iv) unless such Securities constitute (a) Common Stock or Debt Securities issuable upon exchange, exercise or conversion of Securities constituting Preferred Stock, (b) Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares issuable upon exchange or conversion of Securities constituting Debt Securities, (c) Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Warrants, (d) Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Rights, or (e) Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares issuable upon purchase pursuant to Securities constituting Purchase Contracts, a definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to the issuance and sale of such Securities by the Company will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto (and, if Common Stock is offered by selling stockholders, such an agreement with respect to the offering and resale thereof by such selling stockholders will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by such selling stockholders and the other parties thereto); (v) at the time of the issuance of such Securities, the Company (a) will validly exist and be duly qualified and in good standing under the Laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation and (b) will have the necessary corporate power and due authorization, and the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Company will be in full force and effect and will not have been amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise altered, and there will have been no authorization of any such amendment, restatement, supplement or other alteration in respect thereof, in each case, since the date hereof; (vi) the terms of such Securities and of their issuance and sale will have been established in conformity with and so as not to violate, or result in a default under or breach of, (a) the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, (b) any applicable Law or any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, (c) any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body (including any securities exchange on which the Company’s Securities are listed for trading) having jurisdiction over the Company and (d) (A) if such Securities constitute Depositary Shares or Debt Securities exchangeable for or convertible into, or Preferred Stock exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into, or Warrants or Rights exercisable for, or Purchase Contracts for, Depositary Shares, the applicable Depositary Agreement and the applicable approval and authorization of the Company relating to such Depositary Shares, (B) if such Securities constitute Debt Securities or Preferred Stock exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into, or Warrants or Rights exercisable for, or Purchase Contracts for, Securities constituting Debt Securities, the applicable Indenture and officers’ certificate or supplemental indenture and the applicable approval and authorization of the Company relating to such Debt Securities, (C) if such Securities constitute Preferred Stock or Debt Securities exchangeable for or convertible into, or Warrants or Rights exercisable for, or Purchase Contracts for, Preferred Stock, the applicable certificate of designations and the applicable approval and authorization of the Company relating to such Preferred Stock, (D) if such Securities constitute Warrants, the applicable Warrant Agreement therefor and the applicable approval and authorization of the Company relating to such Warrants, (E) if such Securities constitute Rights, the applicable Rights Agreement therefor and the applicable approval and authorization of the Company relating to such Rights and (F) if such Securities constitute Purchase Contracts, the applicable Purchase Contract Agreement therefor and the applicable approval and authorization of the Company relating to such Purchase Contracts; (vii) if such Securities constitute Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares in respect of underlying Preferred Stock, (a) sufficient shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, will be authorized for issuance under the certificate of incorporation of the Company that have not otherwise been issued or reserved or otherwise committed for issuance and (b) the consideration for the issuance and sale of such Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares established by the Board and provided for in the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement providing for the issuance and sale thereof by the Company (or, if (A) such Common Stock is issuable upon exchange, exercise or conversion of Securities constituting Preferred Stock, the certificate of designations therefor; (B) such Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares are issuable upon exchange or conversion of Securities constituting Debt Securities, the applicable Indenture and officers’ certificate or supplemental indenture relating to such Debt Securities; (C) such Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares are issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Warrants, the applicable Warrant Agreement therefor; (D) such Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares are issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Rights, the applicable Rights Agreement therefor; or (E) such Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares are issuable pursuant to Securities constituting Purchase Contracts, the applicable Purchase Contract Agreement therefor) will not be less than the par value of such Common Stock or Preferred Stock or the Preferred Stock underlying such Depositary Shares, as applicable; (viii) if (a) such Securities
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
September 26, 2025
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constitute Common Stock or Debt Securities issuable upon exchange, exercise or conversion of Securities constituting Preferred Stock, the actions with respect to such Preferred Stock referred to in paragraph 2 above will have been taken, (b) such Securities constitute Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares issuable upon exchange or conversion of Securities constituting Debt Securities, the actions with respect to such Debt Securities referred to in paragraph 4 above will have been taken, (c) such Securities constitute Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Warrants, the actions with respect to such Warrants referred to in paragraph 5 above will have been taken, (d) such Securities constitute Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares issuable upon exercise of Securities constituting Rights, the actions with respect to such Rights referred to in paragraph 6 above will have been taken, or (e) such Securities constitute Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares issuable under Securities constituting Purchase Contracts, the actions with respect to such Purchase Contracts referred to in paragraph 7 above will have been taken; (ix) if (a) such Securities constitute (or constitute Depositary Shares in respect of underlying) Preferred Stock that is exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Securities constituting Common Stock or Debt Securities, the Company will have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Common Stock or Debt Securities upon exchange or conversion of such Preferred Stock, the terms of such exchange or conversion and related matters and, in the case of Common Stock, to reserve such Common Stock for issuance upon such exchange or conversion, (b) such Securities constitute Debt Securities that are exchangeable for or convertible into Securities constituting Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares, the Company will have then taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares upon exchange or conversion of such Debt Securities (including, in the case of Preferred Stock, the filing of a certificate of designations respecting such Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware), the terms of such exchange or conversion and related matters and to reserve such Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Depositary Shares for issuance upon such exchange or conversion, (c) such Securities constitute Warrants that are exercisable for Securities constituting Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares, the Company will have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares upon the exercise of such Warrants (including, in the case of Preferred Stock, the filing of a certificate of designations respecting such Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware), the terms of such exercise and related matters and, in the case of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, to reserve such Common Stock or Preferred Stock for issuance upon such exercise, (d) such Securities constitute Rights that are exercisable for Securities constituting Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares, the Company will have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares upon the exercise of such Rights (including, in the case of Preferred Stock, the filing of a certificate of designations respecting such Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware), the terms of such exercise and related matters and, in the case of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, to reserve such Common Stock or Preferred Stock for issuance upon such exercise, or (e) such Securities constitute Purchase Contracts providing for the purchase of Securities constituting Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares, the Company will have taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Depositary Shares upon purchase thereof pursuant to such Purchase Contracts (including, in the case of Preferred Stock, the filing of a certificate of designations respecting such Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware), the terms of such purchase and related matters and, in the case of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, to reserve such Common Stock or Preferred Stock for issuance upon such purchase; (x) if such Securities constitute (or constitute Preferred Stock exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into or Warrants or Rights exercisable for or Purchase Contracts providing for the purchase of) Debt Securities, the officers’ certificate setting forth, or supplemental indenture establishing, any terms of such Debt Securities different from those in the related Indenture shall not include any provision that is unenforceable against the Company; (xi) if such Securities constitute Warrants, the Warrant Agreement related to such Warrants and not including any provision that is unenforceable against the Company will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, to be selected by the Company; (xii) if such Securities constitute (or constitute Debt Securities exchangeable for or convertible into, or Warrants or Rights exercisable for, or Purchase Contracts providing for the purchase of) Depositary Shares, the Depositary Agreement related to such Depositary Shares and the related receipts evidencing such Depositary Shares (“Depositary Receipts”) and not including any provision that is unenforceable against the Company will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and a bank or trust company, as depositary (the “Depositary”), to be selected by the Company; (xiii) if such Securities constitute Rights, the Rights Agreement related to such Rights and not including any provision that is unenforceable against the Company will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and a bank or trust company, as rights agent, to be selected by the Company; (xiv) if such Securities constitute Purchase Contracts, the Purchase Contract Agreement related to such Purchase Contracts and not including any provision that is unenforceable against the Company will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and any other party thereto; and (xv) if such Securities constitute Depositary Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Rights or Purchase Contracts, the applicable Instrument, and, if such
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
September 26, 2025
Page 6
Securities constitute Preferred Stock exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into, Warrants or Rights exercisable for or Purchase Contracts for Debt Securities, the Indenture related to such Debt Securities, and, if such Securities constitute Debt Securities exchangeable for or convertible into or Warrants or Rights exercisable into or Purchase Contracts providing for the purchase of Depositary Shares, the Depositary Agreement related to such Depositary Shares will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of each party thereto other than the Company, enforceable against each such party in accordance with its terms.
(B) With respect to the Attached Rights, we have assumed that (a) the Board, after fully informing itself with respect to the 2020 Rights Agreement and the Attached Rights and after giving due consideration to all relevant matters, determined that the execution and delivery of the 2020 Rights Agreement and the issuance of the Attached Rights thereunder would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, and otherwise acted in a manner consistent with their fiduciary duties as required under applicable law in adopting the 2020 Rights Agreement; and (b) the 2020 Rights Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto other than the Company and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of each party thereto other than the Company, enforceable against such party in accordance with its terms. We note that (i) the questions whether the Board might be required at some future time to redeem or terminate, or take other action with respect to, the Attached Rights, or to determine that the Attached Rights should only be exchangeable without cash payment, will depend upon the facts and circumstances existing at that time and, accordingly, are beyond the scope of this opinion, and (ii) we address the Attached Rights and the 2020 Rights Agreement in their entirety, and it is not settled whether the invalidity of any particular provision of the 2020 Rights Agreement or of the Attached Rights issued thereunder would result in invalidating such 2020 Rights Agreement or Attached Rights in their entirety.
(C) We express no opinion as to the laws of any jurisdiction other than any published constitutions, treaties, laws, rules or regulations or judicial or administrative decisions (“Laws”) of (i) the federal Laws of the United States; (ii) the Delaware General Corporation Law; and (iii) with respect to the opinion in paragraph 4 as to the Debt Securities and the applicable Indenture, the Laws of the State of New York.
(D) The matters expressed in this letter are subject to and qualified and limited by (i) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer and conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally; (ii) general principles of equity, including without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing and the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law); and (iii) securities Laws and public policy underlying such Laws with respect to rights to indemnification and contribution.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name in the Prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement under the caption “Legal Matters.” In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
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Very truly yours, |
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/s/ AKIN, GUMP, STRAUSS, HAUER & FELD, L.L.P.
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AKIN, GUMP, STRAUSS, HAUER & FELD, L.L.P. |
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" in the Registration Statement (Form S-3) and related Prospectus of Warrior Met Coal, Inc. for the registration of Senior Debt Securities, Subordinated Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Rights, Depositary Shares, Warrants, and Purchase Contracts and to the incorporation by reference therein of our report dated February 13, 2025, except for Note 20, as to which the date is September 26, 2025, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Warrior Met Coal, Inc. included in its Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 26, 2025, and our report dated February 13, 2025, with respect to the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Warrior Met Coal, Inc., included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2024, both filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Birmingham, Alabama
September 26, 2025
Exhibit 23.2
CONSENT OF MARSHALL MILLER & ASSOCIATES, INC.
Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc. issued reports dated May 17, 2023, February 13, 2024, and February 11, 2025 relating to estimates of certain coal reserves of Warrior Met Coal, Inc. (the “Company”) (the “Reports”), which are included or incorporated by reference in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. We hereby consent to (i) the incorporation by reference of the Reports in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3ASR (this “Registration Statement”); (ii) the use in this Registration Statement of the information contained in the Reports; and (iii) the references to Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc. in this Registration Statement. We further consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in this Registration Statement.
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Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc. |
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By: |
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/s/ Steven A. Keim |
Name: |
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Steven A. Keim |
Title: |
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President |
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Dated: |
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September 26, 2025 |
Exhibit 23.3
CONSENT OF MCGEHEE ENGINEERING CORP.
McGehee Engineering Corp. issued a report dated January 29, 2025, relating to estimates of certain coal reserves of Warrior Met Coal, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 (the “Report”). We hereby consent to (i) the use in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3ASR (this “Registration Statement”) of the information contained in the Report; and (ii) the references to McGehee Engineering Corp. in this Registration Statement. We further consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in this Registration Statement.
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McGehee Engineering Corp. |
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By: |
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/s/ Sanford M. Hendon |
Name: |
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Sanford M. Hendon |
Title: |
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Vice-President |
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Dated: |
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September 26, 2025 |
Exhibit 25.1
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM T-1
Check if an Application to Determine Eligibility of a Trustee Pursuant to Section 305(b)(2)
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
(Exact name of trustee as specified in its charter)
16-1486454
(I.R.S. employer identification no.)
1100 North Market Street
Wilmington, DE 19890-0001
(Address of principal executive offices)
Kyle Barry
Senior Vice President
Wilmington Trust Company
285 Delaware Ave.
Buffalo, NY 14202
(716) 839-6909
(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)
Warrior Met Coal, Inc.
(Exact name of obligor as specified in its charter) |
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Delaware |
81-0706839 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
16243 Highway 216
Brookwood, AL 35444
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
Senior Debt Securities
Subordinated Debt Securities
(Title of the indenture securities)
ITEM 1. GENERAL INFORMATION.
Furnish the following information as to the trustee:
(a) Name and address of each examining or supervising authority to which it is subject.
Comptroller of Currency, Washington, D.C.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C.
(b) Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.
The trustee is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.
ITEM 2. AFFILIATIONS WITH THE OBLIGOR.
If the obligor is an affiliate of the trustee, describe each affiliation:
Based upon an examination of the books and records of the trustee and information available to the trustee, the obligor is not an affiliate of the trustee.
ITEM 3 – 15. Not applicable
ITEM 16. LIST OF EXHIBITS.
Listed below are all exhibits filed as part of this Statement of Eligibility and Qualification.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, the trustee, Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, has duly caused this Statement of Eligibility to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of Minneapolis and State of Minnesota on the 26th day of September, 2025.
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
By: /s/ Jane Y. Schweiger
Name: Jane Y. Schweiger
Title: Vice President
EXHIBIT 1
CHARTER OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
OF
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
For the purpose of organizing an association to perform any lawful activities of national banks, the undersigned do enter into the following articles of association:
FIRST. The title of this association shall be Wilmington Trust, National Association.
SECOND. The main office of the association shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The general business of the association shall be conducted at its main office and its branches.
THIRD. The board of directors of this association shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five persons, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Each director shall own common or preferred stock of the association or of a holding company owning the association, with an aggregate par, fair market or equity value $1,000. Determination of these values may be based as of either (i) the date of purchase or (ii) the date the person became a director, whichever value is greater. Any combination of common or preferred stock of the association or holding company may be used.
Any vacancy in the board of directors may be filled by action of a majority of the remaining directors between meetings of shareholders. The board of directors may not increase the number of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which:
Directors shall be elected for terms of one year and until their successors are elected and qualified. Terms of directors, including directors selected to fill vacancies, shall expire at the next regular meeting of shareholders at which directors are elected, unless the directors resign or are removed from office. Despite the expiration of a director's term, the director shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until there is a decrease in the number of directors and his or her position is eliminated.
Honorary or advisory members of the board of directors, without voting power or power of final decision in matters concerning the business of the association, may be appointed by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors, or by resolution of shareholders at any annual or special meeting. Honorary or advisory directors shall not be counted to determine the number of directors of the association or the presence of a quorum in connection with any board action, and shall not be required to own qualifying shares.
FOURTH. There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may be brought before the meeting. It shall be held at the main office or any other convenient place the board of directors may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the bylaws, or, if that day falls on a legal holiday in the state in which the association is located, on the next following banking day. If no election is held on the day fixed, or in the event of a legal holiday on the following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the day fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the day, by shareholders representing
two-thirds of the shares issued and outstanding. In all cases at least 10 days advance notice of the time, place and purpose of a shareholders’ meeting shall be given to the shareholders by first class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. The sole shareholder of the bank is permitted to waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting.
In all elections of directors, the number of votes each common shareholder may cast will be determined by multiplying the number of shares such shareholder owns by the number of directors to be elected. Those votes may be cumulated and cast for a single candidate or may be distributed among two or more candidates in the manner selected by the shareholder. If, after the first ballot, subsequent ballots are necessary to elect directors, a shareholder may not vote shares that he or she has already fully cumulated and voted in favor of a successful candidate. On all other questions, each common shareholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him or her.
Nominations for election to the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for election of directors. Nominations other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management shall be made in writing and be delivered or mailed to the president of the association not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nominations shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:
Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such nominee. No bylaw may unreasonably restrict the nomination of directors by shareholders.
A director may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the board of directors, its chairperson, or to the association, which resignation shall be effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.
A director may be removed by shareholders at a meeting called to remove the director, when notice of the meeting stating that the purpose or one of the purposes is to remove the director is provided, if there is a failure to fulfill one of the affirmative requirements for qualification, or for cause; provided, however, that a director may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect the director under cumulative voting is voted against the director's removal.
FIFTH. The authorized amount of capital stock of this association shall be ten thousand shares of common stock of the par value of one hundred dollars ($100) each; but said capital stock may be increased or decreased from time to time, according to the provisions of the laws of the United States.
No holder of shares of the capital stock of any class of the association shall have any preemptive or preferential right of subscription to any shares of any class of stock of the association, whether now or hereafter authorized, or to any obligations convertible into stock of the association, issued, or sold, nor any right of subscription to any thereof other than such, if any, as the board of directors, in its discretion, may from time to time determine and at such price as the board of directors may from time to time fix. Preemptive rights also must be approved by a vote of holders of two-thirds of the bank’s outstanding voting shares. Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, (1) all matters requiring shareholder action, including amendments to the articles of association, must be approved by shareholders owning a majority voting interest in the outstanding voting stock, and (2) each shareholder shall be entitled to one vote per share.
Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, all shares of voting stock shall be voted together as a class, on any matters requiring shareholder approval. If a proposed amendment would affect two or more classes or series in the same or a substantially similar way, all the classes or series so affected must vote together as a single voting group on the proposed amendment.
Shares of one class or series may be issued as a dividend for shares of the same class or series on a pro rata basis and without consideration. Shares of one class or series may be issued as share dividends for a different class or series of stock if approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the class or series to be issued, unless there are no outstanding shares of the class or series to be issued. Unless otherwise provided by the board of directors, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a share dividend shall be the date authorized by the board of directors for the share dividend.
Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting is the close of business on the day before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than 70 days before the meeting.
If a shareholder is entitled to fractional shares pursuant to a stock dividend, consolidation or merger, reverse stock split or otherwise, the association may: (a) issue fractional shares; (b) in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares, issue script or warrants entitling the holder to receive a full share upon surrendering enough script or warrants to equal a full share; (c) if there is an established and active market in the association's stock, make reasonable arrangements to provide the shareholder with an opportunity to realize a fair price through sale of the fraction, or purchase of the additional fraction required for a full share; (d) remit the cash equivalent of the fraction to the shareholder; or (e) sell full shares representing all the fractions at public auction or to the highest bidder after having solicited and received sealed bids from at least three licensed stock brokers; and distribute the proceeds pro rata to shareholders who otherwise would be entitled to the fractional shares. The holder of a fractional share is entitled to exercise the rights for shareholder, including the right to vote, to receive dividends, and to participate in the assets of the association upon liquidation, in proportion to the fractional interest. The holder of script or warrants is not entitled to any of these rights unless the script or warrants explicitly provide for such rights. The script or warrants may be subject to such additional conditions as: (1) that the script or warrants will become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date; and (2) that the shares for which the script or warrants are exchangeable may be sold at the option of the association and the proceeds paid to scriptholders.
The association, at any time and from time to time, may authorize and issue debt obligations, whether or not subordinated, without the approval of the shareholders. Obligations classified as debt, whether or not subordinated, which may be issued by the association without the approval of shareholders,
do not carry voting rights on any issue, including an increase or decrease in the aggregate number of the securities, or the exchange or reclassification of all or part of securities into securities of another class or series.
SIXTH. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members president of this association, and one of its members chairperson of the board and shall have the power to appoint one or more vice presidents, a secretary who shall keep minutes of the directors' and shareholders' meetings and be responsible for authenticating the records of the association, and such other officers and employees as may be required to transact the business of this association.
A duly appointed officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws.
The board of directors shall have the power to:
SEVENTH. The board of directors shall have the power to change the location of the main office to any other place within the limits of Wilmington, Delaware, without the approval of the shareholders, or with a vote of shareholders owning two-thirds of the stock of such association for a relocation outside such limits and upon receipt of a certificate of approval from the Comptroller of the Currency, to any other location within or outside the limits of Wilmington Delaware, but not more than 30 miles beyond such limits. The board of directors shall have the power to establish or change the location of any branch or branches of the association to any other location permitted under applicable law, without approval of shareholders, subject to approval by the Comptroller of the Currency.
EIGHTH. The corporate existence of this association shall continue until termination according to the laws of the United States.
NINTH. The board of directors of this association, or any one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than 50 percent of the stock of this association, may call a special meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or the laws of the United States, a notice of the time, place, and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall be given at least 10 days prior to the meeting by first-class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. If the association is a wholly-owned subsidiary, the sole shareholder may waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or these articles, any action requiring approval of shareholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting.
TENTH. For purposes of this Article Tenth, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).
Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.
Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these articles of association and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum
consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.
In the event that a majority of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.
In the event that all of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.
To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these articles of association, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these articles of association with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.
The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in these articles of association, the bylaws, a resolution of stockholders, a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.
If this Article Tenth or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Article Tenth shall remain fully enforceable.
The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these articles of association; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage to pay or reimburse any institution-affiliated party for the cost of any judgment or civil money penalty assessed against such person in an administrative proceeding or civil action commenced by any federal banking agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution-affiliated parties.
ELEVENTH. These articles of association may be amended at any regular or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of this association, unless the vote of the holders of a greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the holders of such greater amount. The association's board of directors may propose one or more amendments to the articles of association for submission to the shareholders.
EXHIBIT 4
BY-LAWS OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
(Effective as of March 7, 2024)
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
ARTICLE I
Meetings of Shareholders
Section 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of shareholders shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated by the chair of the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer, the president, the chief operating officer, the secretary, or the Board of Directors for the purpose of the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting, except such date shall not be a legal holiday in Delaware. Notice of the meeting shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 10 days and no more than 60 days prior to the date thereof, addressed to each shareholder at his or her address appearing on the books of the association. If, for any cause, an election of directors is not made on that date, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the date fixed, to be designated by the Board of Directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the date, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares. In these circumstances, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first class mail to shareholders.
Section 2. Special Meetings. The chair of the Board of Directors, the president, the chief executive officer, the secretary, or the Board of Directors may call a special meeting of the shareholders. A special meeting shall be called to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of shareholders upon the written request of shareholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at the meeting. Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be called by mailing, postage prepaid, not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting, to each shareholder at the address appearing on the books of the association a notice stating the purpose of the meeting.
The Board of Directors may fix a record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice and to vote at any meeting, in reasonable proximity to the date of giving notice to the shareholders of such meeting. The record date for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting is the date the first shareholder signs a demand for the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held.
Section 3. Adjournment. If an annual or special shareholders' meeting is adjourned to a different date, time, or place, notice need not be given of the new date, time or place, if the new date, time or place is announced at the meeting before adjournment, unless any additional items of business are to be considered, or the association becomes aware of an intervening event materially affecting any matter to be voted on more than 10 days prior to the date to which the meeting is adjourned. If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed, however, notice of the adjourned meeting must be given to persons who are shareholders as of the new record date. If, however, the meeting to elect the directors is adjourned before the election takes place, at least ten days’ notice of the new election must be given to the shareholders by first-class mail.
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Section 4. Nominations of Directors. Nominations for election to the Board of Directors may be made by the Board of Directors or by any shareholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for the election of directors. Nominations, other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management of the association, shall be made in writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the president of the association, not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days' notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:
Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chair of the meeting, and upon his/her instructions, all votes cast for each such nominee may be disregarded.
Section 5. Proxies. Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing, but no officer or employee of this association shall act as proxy. A director or an attorney of the association may act as proxy for shareholders voting if they are not also employed as an officer of the association. Proxies shall be valid only for one meeting, to be specified therein, and any adjournments of such meeting. Proxies shall be dated and filed with the records of the meeting. Proxies with facsimile signatures may be used and unexecuted proxies may be counted upon receipt of a written confirmation from the shareholder. Proxies meeting the above requirements submitted at any time during a meeting shall be accepted.
Section 6. Quorum. A majority of the outstanding capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by law, but less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. A majority of the votes cast shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting, unless otherwise provided by law or by the articles of association. If a meeting for the election of directors is not held on the fixed date, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first-class mail to the shareholders.
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ARTICLE II
Directors
Section 1. Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall have the power to manage and administer the business and affairs of the association. Except as expressly limited by law, all corporate powers of the association shall be vested in and may be exercised by the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Number. The Board of Directors shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five members, unless the OCC has exempted the association from the 25-member limit. The exact number within such minimum and maximum limits is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full Board of Directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any meeting thereof. The Board of Directors may not increase the number of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which: (a) exceeds by more than 2 the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 15 or less; or (b) exceeds by more than 4 the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 16 or more, but in no event shall the number of directors exceed 25, unless the OCC has exempted the association from the 25-member limit.
Section 3. Qualifications. Each director must be a citizen of the United States and must own in his or her own right either shares of the capital stock of the association or a company that controls the association that has not less than an aggregate par value of $1,000, an aggregate shareholders’ equity of $1,000, or an aggregate fair market value of $1,000. The value of the common or preferred stock held by a director is valued as of the date purchased or the date on which the individual became a director, whichever is greater.
Section 4. Organization Meeting. After each annual meeting of shareholders at which directors shall have been elected, the Board of Directors shall meet as soon as practicable for the purpose of organization and the transaction of other business. Such first regular meeting shall be held at any place as may be designated by the chair, the president or the Board of Directors for such first regular meeting or, in default of such designation, where the immediately preceding meeting of shareholders was held.
Section 5. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held on such dates and at such places as may be designated from time to time by the chair. No notice of regular meetings shall be necessary.
Section 6. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called at any time by the chair, the chief executive officer, the president or by a majority of the then- acting directors by vote at a meeting or in writing, or by a majority of the members of the executive committee, if one is constituted, by vote at a meeting or in writing. A special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held on such date and at any place as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. In the absence of such designation, such meeting shall be held at such place as may be designated in the call. Each member of the Board of Directors shall be given notice stating the date, time and place, by letter, electronic delivery or in person, of each
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special meeting not less than one day before the meeting. Such notice need not specify the purpose for which the meeting is called, unless required by the Articles of Association or the bylaws.
Section 7. Quorum. A majority of the entire Board then in office shall constitute a quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by law or these Bylaws, but a lesser number may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. If the number of directors present at the meeting is reduced below the number that would constitute a quorum, no business may be transacted, except selecting directors to fill vacancies in conformance with Article II, Section 11. If a quorum is present, the board of directors may take action through the vote of a majority of the directors who are in attendance. No director may vote by proxy.
Section 8. Attendance by Electronic, Telephonic or Similar Means. Any one or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a regular or special meeting of such board or committee by, or conduct the meeting through the use of, conference telephone or other communications equipment by which all directors or committee members participating may simultaneously hear each other during the meeting. Participation in a meeting by these means constitutes presence in person at a meeting.
Section 9. Procedures. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of the Board of Directors may be determined by the person presiding at the meeting.
Section 10. Removal of Directors. Any director may be removed for cause at any meeting of shareholders, notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of the shareholders. Any director may be removed without cause at any meeting of shareholders, notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the association entitled to vote. Any director may be removed for cause at any meeting of the directors, notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors.
Section 11. Vacancies. When any vacancy occurs among the directors, a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors may appoint a director to fill such vacancy until the next election at any regular meeting of the Board of Directors, or at a special meeting called for that purpose at which a quorum is present, or if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the Board of Directors, by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors remaining in office, or by shareholders at a special meeting called for that purpose in conformance with Section 2 of Article I. A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date (by reason of a resignation effective at a later date) may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.
Section 12. Consent of Directors without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken by all members of the Board. The action may be evidenced by one or more written consents signed by each director before or after such action, describing the action taken, and
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included in the minutes or filed with the corporate records. A director’s consent to action taken without a meeting may be in electronic form and delivered by electronic means.
Section 13. Ratification. The board of directors may ratify and make binding on the association any action or inaction by the association or its officers to the extent that the Board of Directors or the shareholders could have originally authorized the matter and as permitted by law. Moreover, any action or inaction questioned in any shareholders’ derivative proceeding or any other proceeding on the ground of lack of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of a director, officer or shareholder, non-disclosure, miscomputation, the application of improper principles or practices of accounting or otherwise, may be ratified, before or after judgment, by the Board of Directors or by the shareholders, and if so ratified, shall have the same force and effect as if the questioned action or inaction had been originally duly authorized, and such ratification shall be binding upon the shareholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any judgment in respect of such questioned action or inaction.
ARTICLE III
Committees
Section 1. Executive Committee. The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee, which shall have and may exercise, during the intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors, all the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business, properties and affairs of the association except as prohibited by law, the Articles of Association or these Bylaws. All acts done and powers conferred by the Executive Committee shall be deemed to be and may be certified as being, done or conferred under authority of the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Trust Audit Committee. Unless delegated pursuant to Section 5 of this Article III, there shall be a Trust Audit Committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the Board of Directors, which shall, at least once during each calendar year make suitable audits of the association’s fiduciary activities or cause suitable audits to be made by auditors responsible only to the Board, and at such time shall ascertain whether fiduciary powers have been administered according to law, Part 9 of the Regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, and sound fiduciary principles. Such committee: (1) must not include any officers of the association or an affiliate who participate significantly in the administration of the association’s fiduciary activities; and (2) must consist of a majority of members who are not also members of any committee to which the Board of Directors has delegated power to manage and control the fiduciary activities of the bank.
Section 3. Examining Committee. Unless delegated pursuant to Section 5 of this Article III, there shall be an examining committee composed of not less than 2 directors, exclusive of any active officers, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The duty of that committee shall be to examine at least once during each calendar year and within 15 months of the last examination the affairs of the association or cause suitable examinations to be made by auditors responsible only to the board of directors and to report the result of such examination in writing to the board of directors at the next regular meeting thereafter. Such
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report shall state whether the association is in a sound condition, and whether adequate internal controls and procedures are being maintained and shall recommend to the board of directors such changes in the manner of conducting the affairs of the association as shall be deemed advisable.
Section 4. Other Committees. The Board of Directors may from time to time by resolution adopted by affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, appoint other committees of the Board of Directors which shall have such powers and duties as the Board of Directors may properly determine. No such other committee of the Board of Directors shall be composed of fewer than three (3) directors. The Board of Directors may also appoint one or more directors as alternative members of a committee. All acts done and powers conferred by the Board of Directors on committees of the Board of Directors shall be deemed to be and may be certified as being, done or conferred under that authority of the Board of Directors.
Section 5. Delegation of Responsibility and Authority. The responsibility, authority and constitution of any committee under this Article III may, if authorized by law, be given over to a duly constituted committee of the association’s parent corporation by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IV
Officers and Employees
Section 1 Officers. The Board of Directors shall annually, at the Annual Reorganization Meeting of the Board of Directors following the annual meeting of shareholders, appoint or elect a chair of the Board, a chief executive officer, a president, one (1) or more senior executive vice presidents, a corporate secretary, a treasurer, a chief auditor, and such other officers as it may determine, each to hold office until the next Annual Reorganization meeting.
The officers below the level of senior executive vice president may be elected as follows: the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank, or his or her designee, may appoint officers up to and including (without limitation as to title or number) one (1) or more executive vice presidents, senior vice presidents, vice presidents, assistant vice presidents, assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers, and assistant auditors, and any other officer positions as they deem necessary and appropriate, except the chair of the board, chief executive officer, president, any “Executive Officer” of the association for the purposes of Regulation O (codified at 12
C.F.R. §215.2(e)(1)), and any “Senior Executive Officer” within the meaning of 12 C.F.R.
§5.51(c)(4) may only be appointed by the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Chair of the Board. The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members to be the chair of the Board to serve at its pleasure. Such person shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors. The chair of the Board shall supervise the carrying out of the policies adopted or approved by the Board of Directors; shall have general executive powers, as well as the specific powers conferred by these Bylaws; and shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned by the Board of Directors.
Section 3. President. The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members to be the president of the association. The president shall be a member of the Board of Directors. In the
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absence of the chair, the president shall preside at any meeting of the Board of Directors. The president shall have general executive powers and shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation, or practice to the office of president, or imposed by these Bylaws. The president shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred or assigned by the Board of Directors.
Section 4. Vice President. The Board of Directors may appoint one or more vice presidents. Each vice president shall have such powers and duties as may be assigned by the Board of Directors. One vice president shall be designated by the Board of Directors, in the absence of the president, to perform all the duties of the president.
Section 5. Secretary. The Board of Directors shall appoint a secretary or other designated officer who shall be secretary of the Board of Directors and of the association and who shall keep accurate minutes of all meetings. The secretary shall attend to the giving of all notices required by these Bylaws; shall be custodian of the corporate seal, records, documents and papers of the association; shall provide for the keeping of proper records of all transactions of the association; shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation or practice, or imposed by these bylaws; and shall also perform such other duties as may be assigned from time to time, by the Board of Directors.
Section 6. Other Officers. The Board of Directors may appoint one or more assistant vice presidents, one or more trust officers, one or more officers, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, one or more managers and assistant managers of branches and such other officers and attorneys in fact as from time to time may appear to the Board of Directors to be required or desirable to transact the business of the association. Such officers shall respectively exercise such powers and perform such duties as pertain to their several offices, or as may be conferred upon or assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the chair of the Board, or the president. The Board of Directors may authorize an officer to appoint one or more officers or assistant officers.
Section 7. Resignation. An officer may resign at any time by delivering notice to the association. A resignation is effective when the notice is given unless the notice specifies a later effective date.
ARTICLE V
Stock and Stock Certificates
Section 1. Transfers. Shares of stock shall be transferable on the books of the association, and a transfer book shall be kept in which all transfers of stock shall be recorded. Every person becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall in proportion to such shareholder's shares, succeed to all rights of the prior holder of such shares. The Board of Directors may impose conditions upon the transfer of the stock reasonably calculated to simplify the work of the association with respect to stock transfers, voting at shareholder meetings and related matters and to protect it against fraudulent transfers.
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Section 2. Stock Certificates. Certificates of stock shall bear the signature of the president (which may be engraved, printed or impressed) and shall be signed manually, by facsimile process, or electronic means by the secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or any other officer appointed by the Board of Directors for that purpose, to be known as an authorized officer, and the seal of the association shall be engraved thereon. Each certificate shall recite on its face that the stock represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the association properly endorsed and otherwise comply with the requirements of 12
U.S.C. 52 and 12 C.F.R. §7.2016(b).
Section 3. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. In case any certificate representing shares shall be lost, stolen or destroyed, the Board of Directors, in its discretion, or any officer or officers thereunder duly authorized by the Board of Directors, may authorize the issue of a substitute certificate or substitute shares in uncertificated form in the place of the certificate so lost, stolen or destroyed.
Section 4. Fixing of Record Date. The Board of Directors may set, in advance, a record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or determining shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any other rights, in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, shall be the close of business on the day before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than 10 days before the meeting.
ARTICLE VII
Corporate Seal
Section 1. Seal. The seal of the association shall be in such form as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. The president, the treasurer, the secretary or any assistant treasurer or assistant secretary, or other officer thereunto designated by the Board of Directors shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any document requiring such seal and to attest the same. The seal on any corporate obligation for the payment of money may be facsimile.
ARTICLE VIII
Miscellaneous Provisions
Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the association shall be the calendar year.
Section 2. Execution of Instruments. All agreements, indentures, mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts, discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies and other instruments or documents may be signed, executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association by any officer elected or appointed pursuant to Article IV of these Bylaws. Any such instruments may also be executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association in such other manner and by such other officers as the
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Board of Directors may from time to time direct. The provisions of this Section 2 are supplementary to any other provision of these Bylaws.
Section 3. Records. The Articles of Association, the Bylaws and the proceedings of all meetings of the shareholders, the Board of Directors, and standing committees of the Board of Directors shall be recorded in appropriate minute books provided for that purpose. The minutes of each meeting shall be signed by the secretary, treasurer or other officer appointed to act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 4. Corporate Governance Procedures. To the extent not inconsistent with federal banking statutes and regulations, or safe and sound banking practices, the association may follow the Delaware General Corporation Law, Del. Code Ann. tit. 8 (1991, as amended 1994, and as amended thereafter) with respect to matters of corporate governance procedures.
Section 5. Indemnification. For purposes of this Section 5 of Article VIII, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).
Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors.
Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the Board of Directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the association in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by
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or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under the Articles of Association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution- affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these Bylaws and (b) approval by the Board of Directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by shareholders. To the extent permitted by law, the Board of Directors or, if applicable, the shareholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.
In the event that a majority of the members of the Board of Directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the Board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the Board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the Board of Directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.
In the event that all of the members of the Board of Directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the Board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the Board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the Board of Directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.
To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in the Articles of Association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these Bylaws, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these Bylaws with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.
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The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these Bylaws shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in the association’s Articles of Association, these Bylaws, a resolution of shareholders, a resolution of the Board of Directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these Bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.
If this Section 5 of Article VIII or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Section 5 of Article VIII shall remain fully enforceable.
The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its Board of Directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these Bylaws; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage for a final order assessing civil money penalties against such persons by a bank regulatory agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution- affiliated parties.
ARTICLE IX
Inspection and Amendments
Section 1. Inspection. A copy of the bylaws of the association, with all amendments, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the main office of the association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders during banking hours.
Section 2. Amendments. The Board of Directors shall have the power, at any regular or special meeting thereof, to amend, alter or repeal the bylaws of the association, or to make and adopt new bylaws. These Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed and new bylaws may be adopted by the shareholders of the association to the extent and as permitted in the Articles of Association or applicable law.
EXHIBIT 6
Section 321(b) Consent
Pursuant to Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, Wilmington Trust, National Association hereby consents that reports of examinations by Federal, State, Territorial or District authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon requests therefor.
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WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL |
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ASSOCIATION |
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Dated: September 26, 2025 |
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By: |
/s/ Jane Y. Schweiger |
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Name: |
Jane Y. Schweiger |
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Title: |
Vice President |
EXHIBIT 7
R E P O R T O F C O N D I T I O N
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
As of the close of business on June 30, 2025
ASSETS |
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Thousands of Dollars |
Cash and balances due from depository institutions: |
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612,124 |
Securities: |
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1,105 |
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreement to resell: |
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0 |
Loans and leases held for sale: |
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0 |
Loans and leases net of unearned income, allowance: |
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29,511 |
Premises and fixed asset |
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27,384 |
Other real estate owned: |
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0 |
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies: |
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0 |
Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures: |
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0 |
Intangible assets: |
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0 |
Other assets: |
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64,391 |
Total Assets: |
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734,515 |
LIABILITIES |
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Thousands of Dollars |
Deposits |
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5,377 |
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
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0 |
Other borrowed money: |
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0 |
Other Liabilities: |
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95,434 |
Total Liabilities |
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100,811 |
EQUITY CAPITAL |
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Thousands of Dollars |
Common Stock |
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1,000 |
Surplus |
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356,855 |
Retained Earnings |
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275,845 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
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4 |
Total Equity Capital |
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633,704 |
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Total Liabilities and Equity Capital |
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734,515 |