Good day ladies and gentlemen and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the PROG Holdings First Quarter Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation there will be a question-and-answer session. At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Mr. John Baugh, Vice President, Investor Relations. Mr. Baugh, you may begin.

Thank you, and good morning everyone. Welcome to the PROG Holdings first quarter 2023 earnings call. Joining me this morning are Steve Michaels, PROG Holdings' President and Chief Executive Officer; and Brian Garner, our Chief Financial Officer. Many of you have already seen a copy of our earnings release issued this morning, which is available on our investor relations website. During this call, certain statements we make will be forward-looking, including comments regarding our expectations related to the range of 2023 write-offs starting from our lease decisioning faster, our GMV, gross leased assets balance, and levels of 90-day buyouts in future periods. The strength of our balance sheet and our capital allocation priorities and our revised outlook for the 2023 full year as well as our outlook for the second quarter of 2023. I want to call your attention to our Safe Harbor provision for forward-looking statements that can be found at the end of the earnings press release that we issued earlier this morning. That Safe Harbor provision identifies risks that may cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations discussed in our forward-looking statements. Listeners are cautioned not to place undue emphasis on forward-looking statements we make today, and we undertake no obligation to update any such statements. On today's call, we will be referring to certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA, and non-GAAP EPS, which have been adjusted for certain items, which may affect the comparability of our performance with other companies. These non-GAAP measures are detailed in the reconciliation tables included with our earnings release. The company believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful insight into the company's operational performance and cash flows and provide these measures to investors to help facilitate comparisons of operating results with prior periods and to assist them in understanding the company's ongoing operational performance. With that, I would like to turn the call over to Steve Michaels, PROG Holdings' President and Chief Executive Officer. Steve?

Thank you, John and good morning, everyone. I appreciate you joining us as we report our first quarter results, share our thoughts on a few important Q2 metrics, and provide an update on our 2023 full year financial outlook. We had an excellent first quarter meeting our expectations for GMV and net revenues. We also materially exceeded our earnings expectations due to lower 90-day buyouts, better than expected customer payment behavior, and continued portfolio management. The last 36 months have presented unprecedented challenges but I am proud of our team's efforts in overcoming these obstacles to deliver such strong results. Our actions to improve portfolio performance and right size costs in Q2 of last year continue to benefit us, as evidenced by our year-over-year gross margin expansion, improved write-offs of 6%, and SG&A leverage. Despite consolidated revenues declining 8%, we still grew our adjusted EBITDA by 25 million or 39% for a 13.7% margin and our non-GAAP EPS by 94.7% as compared to the first quarter of 2022. This great start to the year has led us to significantly raise our full year earnings outlook. While we were pleased with our strong first quarter results, there were factors contributing to our outperformance that may not carry forward, which Brian will discuss in more detail. Still, our first quarter demonstrates our ability to manage our business with healthy returns despite a persistent macroeconomic backdrop of inflationary pressures, economic instability, and strained customer liquidity. We remain cautiously optimistic about our portfolio health and gross margin, and while we are prepared to optimize our decisioning to shifts in the economic environment, we believe that our current decisioning positions us to deliver another year within our targeted annual 6% to 8% write-off range, which is a key goalpost. Turning to our GMV, the double-digit declines over the past three quarters are largely a byproduct of tighter decisioning we implemented in Q2 of last year. We believe that those decision changes have accounted for approximately two thirds of the pressure we have experienced in GMV over the past three quarters. In terms of GMV outlook, we expect our second quarter GMV to decline at a similar rate to Q1 on a year-over-year basis due to our current decisioning posture, though, we expect these difficult comparisons to ease in the back half of the year as we fully lap the introduction of last year's decisioning changes. Soft retail demand continues for big-ticket consumer durables in many of our leasable product categories, with data showing that this slowing demand is primarily due to our consumer base redirecting more of their income to essentials in response to the liquidity pressures. We have seen no indicators leading us to assume that retail sales will materially rebound through the balance of 2023. We have very recently begun to see evidence that credit providers above us are starting to tighten their underwriting. The recent challenges in the banking sector that developed late in Q1 further speak to the likelihood that credit providers will increasingly look to restrict the level of funding that fueled consumer borrowing for most of the past decade. Delinquencies that we track for prime lenders are moving higher, albeit in many cases still below pre-pandemic levels. While we believe the credit supply is becoming more restricted, there may be some delay as to when it will impact consumers. Because it is still too early to predict the timing of this potential tailwind for our business, we have not assumed any benefit to our GMV for the balance of 2023. We continue to closely track the overall quality of our applicant pools and only very recently have we started to see improvements in the top quintile. Moving on to profitability, we expect to maintain our strong portfolio performance and our ability to deliver healthy margins in our core leasing business despite the outlook for our revenues to decline near term. The tighter decisioning posture we took in Q2 of last year helped the portfolio recover with leases originated in the second half of the year, performing on par with pre-pandemic levels. Because of our short duration portfolio, leases originated in the first half of 2022 now represent an immaterial portion of our remaining active leases. In February, we elaborated on our three key strategic pillars: grow, enhance, and expand. We believe our strong profitability and balance sheet will allow us to continue to make selective growth investments that position us to capitalize on market share gains in the near term while capturing more of our addressable market in the long term. For example, those investments will allow us to continue to build and enhance our technologies for an evolving consumer that we know better than anyone after more than 20 years as a leader in this space. Today, roughly two-thirds of our customers are millennial or Gen Z, groups that have shown a more omnichannel approach, vacillating between online and in-store when researching and making key purchases. We also know these demographics interact with our personal finances differently than previous generations adopting emerging products and technologies as part of their personal financial solutions. As a result, today's consumers have come to expect more flexibility and control over their payment options, especially for larger ticket items. We continue to address this demand by enhancing and developing products that offer a more frictionless omnichannel customer journey while simultaneously providing consumers with the educational tools, price discovery, and disclosure transparency they need to help them make the best and most informed choices. We also continue to invest in further integration with existing retail partners while converting new lease to own pipeline opportunities, as we believe these actions will benefit all stakeholders long term even with the challenging revenue backdrop in 2023. E-commerce integrations with new and existing partners remain a key focus, and the pace of our efforts in this area has accelerated as we continue to enhance and innovate technologies that offer retailers flexible, customizable, and secure ways to add our products to their online checkouts. While e-commerce GMV in Q1 was down year-over-year, that decline was less than what we saw for comparable in-store results, and e-commerce as a percentage of total Progressive leasing GMV continued to grow, coming in 100 basis points higher than the same period last year. Additional key technology initiatives that were completed within the quarter include enhancements to decrease the time it takes customers to complete a transaction, optimizations to the customer and retailer experience, and updates to payment and lease systems. While Brian will provide more detail on the upward revision to our earnings outlook for the year, I'd like to summarize a few key themes. Our Q1 performance was stronger than we expected from a margin perspective, driven by materially low 90-day buyouts and better than expected customer behavior. Revenue emerged from 90-day buyouts with a historical low which we believe was driven by the average tax refund decrease of approximately 10% year-over-year. While this was a tailwind for Q1 gross margin, it will be important to monitor whether the low buyout performance continues and how the portfolio performs with a lower percentage of customers executing buyout options. Should we see normal delinquency trends in the lease pools for the remainder of 2023, the lower 90-day buyouts we experienced should positively impact our financial results. However, should the decline in 90-day buyouts prove to be a leading indicator of stress on our customers and portfolio performance, we may experience higher delinquencies, which could prompt us to tighten our decisioning. Onto the topic of capital allocation, we purchased $36.5 million in shares during the first quarter, representing 3% of our outstanding stock. We also generated $157.4 million in cash flow from operations, further illustrating our ability to show financial strength in an unstable economic environment. Our capital allocation priorities remain unchanged, and we expect to continue to fund growth, look for strategic M&A opportunities, and return excess cash to shareholders, primarily through share repurchases. To close, I want to emphasize that our strong Q1 was a direct result of the hard work and strategic efforts that our teams have put in over the past several quarters. Our mission to create a better today and unlock the possibilities of tomorrow through financial empowerment remains at the core of how we operate, and we will continue to grow, enhance, and expand to help improve the lives of our customers. I'll now turn the call over to our CFO, Brian Garner for more details on our first quarter results and 2023 financial outlook. Brian?

Thank you, Steve and good morning, everyone. I'd like to start by thanking our teams, retail partners, and customers for helping us deliver a strong quarter to start the year. Our first quarter results highlight the resilience of our business model and teams in overcoming the macroeconomic headwinds, including inflationary pressures and liquidity strains experienced by our consumers. Q1 2023 consolidated revenues declined 8% to $655 million, consolidated adjusted EBITDA increased approximately 39% to $89.7 million in Q1 of 2023 from $64.6 million in Q1 of 2022, outperforming our expectations. Our better-than-expected consolidated results were primarily driven by margin improvement and lower write-offs at our Progressive leasing segment. Non-GAAP diluted EPS for Q1 of 2023 increased to $1.11, growing 94.7% from $0.57 in Q1 of 2022. Liquidity pressure on our customers, partially driven by tax refund checks that were approximately 10% lower on average compared to last year, resulted in record low 90-day buyout activity in Q1, which is a headwind to current period revenue, but a benefit to gross margins. Additionally, we experienced lower-than-expected charge-offs in the quarter due to our tightening efforts in Q2 of last year, which resulted in better payment performance, driving higher margins, and increased profitability. For our Progressive leasing segment, GMV decreased 17% to $418.7 million in Q1 of 2023 as compared to $504.5 million in Q1 of 2022, largely driven by our current decisioning posture, continued weak retail traffic, and the double-digit percentage decline in tax refunds. Revenue in the period declined 8% year-over-year, driven by lower gross lease asset balance heading into Q1, softer GMV in the quarter, and a material decline in revenue from 90-day buyouts, partially offset by improved customer payment behavior. However, the segment's Q1 gross margins improved 340 basis points year-over-year to 31.7%, primarily due to the 90-day buyout activity in Q1 that reached record lows and last year's decision actions that improved portfolio yield. We still expect 90-day buyout activity to be lower year-over-year for the remainder of 2023, although the variance is expected to narrow over the course of the year. Progressive leasing SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue declined to 11.9% in Q1 of 2023 from 12.4% in Q1 of 2022, while SG&A expense decreased $10 million year-over-year primarily due to the cost actions in Q2 of last year. We also recently announced $38.4 million or 6% of revenues in Q1, down from 7.3% in the previous year's period. I continue to be encouraged by the trends we've seen thus far in 2023, and we remain on track to end the year within our targeted annual write-off range. Looking at our balance sheet, we ended the quarter with $249.8 million in cash and gross debt of $600 million, resulting in the net leverage ratio of 1.24 times on trailing 12 months adjusted EBITDA. In the first quarter, we purchased 1.46 million shares of our common stock at a weighted average price of $25 and have $300.8 million remaining under our previously authorized $1 billion share repurchase program. I'd now like to touch on a few key aspects of our Q2 and revised full-year 2023 outlook, which were provided in this morning's earnings release. Despite our strong first quarter results for adjusted EBITDA, we continue to experience headwinds on expected GMV due to economic and liquidity pressures felt by our consumers. As Steve mentioned, we expect the year-over-year percentage decline of our second quarter GMV to be roughly in line with our Q1 rate. This decline should lessen in the second half of 2023 as we compare against lower GMV year-over-year due to the tightening decisions we implemented last year. Our gross leased asset balance, which is a key driver of future period revenue, entered 2023 5.3% lower year-over-year and ended the first quarter 8.3% lower year-over-year. This gross leased asset balance will likely decline further through the second quarter of 2023 due to the GMV decline serving as a headwind to revenues in future periods. Our base case for the remainder of the year considers current consumer trends but does not assume further economic downturn, a materially negative impact on the employment of our consumers, or a material benefit from tightening by providers above us in the credit stack. Despite revenue headwinds, we anticipate that our lease portfolio performance and low 90-day buyout rates will continue to drive Progressive leases margin improvement year-over-year. As a result, we are raising our full-year earnings outlook and slightly decreasing our expected revenues. Our revised consolidated outlook for 2023 expects revenue in the range of $2.3 billion to $2.375 billion, adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of $235 million to $255 million, and non-GAAP EPS in the range of $2.50 to $2.77. This outlook assumes a difficult operating environment with continued soft demand for leasable consumer durable goods, no material changes in the company's decisioning posture, an effective tax rate for non-GAAP EPS of approximately 28%, and no impact from additional share repurchases. Finally, I would like to address how we are thinking about the strength of the first quarter and our increased earnings outlook as they pertain to the remainder of the year. While we are encouraged by the strong financial results that we achieved in Q1, we are cautious about the continuing headwinds on GMV and expect margin pressures as we move throughout the year. Soft consumer demand trends we observe exiting Q1 and into April have caused us to adjust downward our expectations for GMV and revenue. Our revised outlook assumes adjusted EBITDA margins for the remainder of the year that are lower than Q1 due to the dissipation of some of the 90-day buyout dynamic that benefited margins in Q1, an increase in run rate for SG&A costs due to wage inflation and specific initiatives targeting key technology platforms, and full-year write-offs within our targeted annual 6% to 8% range. In short, we are optimistic about the 2023 prospects following our strong start of the year and remain committed to the disciplined decisioning and other strategic efforts that have helped us achieve those results as we look to capitalize on the positive momentum gained from our Q1 performance. I will now turn the call back over to the operator for the Q&A portion of the call.

Our first question or comment comes from Kyle Joseph from Jeffries. Mr. Joseph, you may ask your question.

Hey, good morning guys. Thanks for taking my questions and good job navigating a difficult environment. Obviously on the credit side of things, a lot of moving parts. You guys have your underwriting changes implemented last year, lower tax refunds this year, but just trying to get a sense for the health of the underlying consumer, obviously they're employed but facing elevated expenses. Have they kind of adapted to this inflationary environment as we've been in for going on a year now, but just kind of want to get a sense for some of the dynamics that played out in the quarter given some of the moving parts?

Thanks, Kyle. Good morning. This is Steve. There’s definitely a lot to discuss. We made our decision-making adjustments during the second quarter of last year, and the portfolio has responded positively, as we anticipated. The consumers and customers we approved and funded were meeting our expectations, which we compare to pre-pandemic performance because those past pools guided our portfolio performance within our targeted ranges. In the second half of 2022, we observed that performance and saw the portfolio turnover thanks to our short-duration leases, reflected in the metrics we share externally. Q1 presented an interesting scenario. From a portfolio performance perspective, we saw similar trends as expected, though slightly better customer payment behavior. The unexpected factor was the tax refunds; we anticipated lower amounts, and as many of you report frequently, they did come in lower. We integrated that into our original outlook regarding some pressure on GMV. In terms of originations, we observed that lower refunds appeared to drive a significant decrease in 90-day buyout activity among our consumers. As Brian and I mentioned in our prepared remarks, this led to higher gross margins than we had anticipated and compared to previous tax refund seasons. The question that remains is why the 90-day buyouts decreased so significantly. Was this a result of new stress on consumers that affected their liquidity? We are currently in a unique situation; despite the lower 90-day buyouts positively influencing margins, our delinquency rates are still healthy. We need more data cycles to confirm if this trend will continue. It would be naive to assume that consumers who didn’t opt for the 90-day buyout will automatically transition into full-term, full-margin leases. There will likely be other stress factors throughout that customer's lifecycle. So, the situation remains somewhat mixed. We had strong performance in Q1, and if that continues, we could see some positive momentum for margins for the rest of the year. However, we expect that the strong customer payment performance may decline.

That's really helpful clarification. And then just one follow-up from me. I know you guys talked to a lot of retail partners and just want to get the sense for, I guess first kind of their take in terms of the potential for demand to recover and do we have any precedence, do we have to go back and look at the 70s and see how long it took for kind of consumer durables to recover and then in this more challenging environment, have you seen a greater desire to add the product from new retailers?

Yeah, I've been in the business a long time and not since 70s. But we definitely talk to our retailers very frequently as you can imagine. And it's one of the benefits of us having the large enterprise, retail partners. They have sophisticated shops and obviously we're not going to out them on what they say and what they tell us, but it's a challenging environment out there. And as Brian said in his prepared remarks, we saw some weakness really exiting March and into April. And I would not make a direct correlation between SVB and the banking crisis to our consumer, because I'm not sure they're impacted by that, but something from an animal spirit slash consumer confidence happened and we saw some weakness coming out of Q1 and into the first few weeks of April. So as we alluded to we've got the lapping of our decisioning changes here towards the end of Q2. So that'll be a removal of the headwinds. But it continues to be a challenged demand environment for our retailers and then ultimately for us.

Got it. Thanks very much for answering my questions.

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Brad Thomas from KeyBanc. Mr. Thomas, your line is open.

Thanks, good morning and a nice execution here. Let me add my account from that. Wanted to ask first about the gross margin outlook. Even though they were lower refund tax based funds year-over-year, and year-over-year that reduced early buyouts. I know that 1Q is usually the big quarter for that. So, as I look out at the balance of the year, it does look like there's a pretty good outlook here for gross margin, maybe you could just talk a little bit more about how you're thinking about that? Thanks.

Yes, I can address that. Our outlook is primarily influenced by our expectations regarding customer behavior. For those customers who did not opt for the 90-day period in the first quarter, we anticipate a better outcome based on their eventual decisions. Given our current observations and the state of our delinquency profile, we feel optimistic about these customers potentially leading to improved gross margins. We have included this outlook in our guidance, which is reflected in the favorable trends we've noted for gross margins moving forward. We'll monitor how things develop, as the model remains highly responsive to consumer choices. Based on what we're seeing now, delinquency rates appear to be within a manageable range.

That's really helpful, Brian. And then Steve, I'd just be curious, a little more color, as you're talking to your retail company customers, who many of which are dealing with declines in sales right now, coming off of tough pandemic comparisons. I guess, what do they need most from Progressive here right now and how do you think about maybe the opportunity to get more share wallet with them?

Thank you, Brad. It has continued from 2022 into this year as we work closely with the retailers in our preferred partner network. They are looking for more tools in their Tool Belt, and what they need from us is to drive more traffic to them, save more sales, convert more traffic, and ultimately increase their sales and return on ad spend. We can achieve this by making our payment options more visible in their environments, whether online or in-store, to make it easier for consumers to do business with Progressive. We also plan to increase training efforts for retail sales associates in stores. This includes point of purchase materials for awareness, direct co-branded marketing with retailers, and initiatives such as partner weeks featuring daily deals from various partners. These could be implemented with minimal technical effort. On the other hand, there are also larger initiatives like improved transactional e-commerce carts and better product display placements online. We are seeing strong interest from our retailers in these efforts, and we are optimistic about our partnerships. We believe that this environment will enable us to deepen our integrations with existing partners and serve as a springboard for growth when underlying demand returns.

That's great. Thanks so much.

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Anthony Chukumba from Loop Capital. Mr. Chukumba, your line is open.

Hi, and great job on the pronunciation of my last name. So, I guess my first question, so you talked about the fact that when you started tightening in the back half of last year and given the short duration of your leases, most of those sort of pre-tightening leases are pretty much gone by this point. So would that imply then that your lease merchandise write-off rates for the remainder of this year, I know you're saying it could mean that 6% to 8% range, but that would imply to me that it should be everything else being equal towards the low end of that range, right, I mean I guess, am I thinking about that the right way?

I mean, I guess what I'd point you towards, Anthony this is Brian, is what we've been targeting towards in our decisioning efforts is really trying to get back to pre-pandemic level of performance in terms of our last point of normal. And as you saw during those periods, we were kind of in the midpoint of that 6% to 8% range. And so, really that's our target. I don't want to overpromise on the low end. Here we saw base write-offs at 6% here in Q1, which is great but seasonally what you would expect is a sequential step up in Q2 and Q3, just as you get further away from tax season and you experience perhaps just more strain on the consumer, the further away you get from tax season. Q4 tends to be the lowest write-off rate seasonally. So that would just cost me about taking Q1 and stating that as a run rate and making sure we're incorporating the seasonality there. Again, we're really trying to get back to within the range of reasonableness that we saw pre-pandemic.

Got it. Fair enough. Just a quick follow-up, you increased your earnings guidance and GMV will still face pressure for the reasons mentioned. This suggests, although you didn't provide free cash flow guidance, that you may have very strong free cash flow this year and your leverage is at 1.2 times. How should we consider capital allocation for the rest of this year? Is it reasonable to assume that you could potentially increase your share repurchases given the free cash flow situation?

Yeah, I mean, you nailed kind of the variables. We talk about our capital allocation, we're able to fund growth with internally generated cash. Our history has shown that we favor repurchases of our stock as the way to return capital to shareholders. We will have good free cash flow generation this year. A reminder, there's a little bit of seasonality on that as well, where we will generate, we will likely generate more than 100% of our annual free cash flow in the first six months of the year just because of the seasonality of GMV. Even in a declining GMV environment, the dollars of GMV will be higher in Q4. And we also look at that through the lens of our net leverage ratio and we're in a comfortable spot at 1.24 times as of 3/31, but we look at that over the course of a 12-month period. And, it's probably going to pick up a little bit just because of the use of cash in the back half for GMV funding as well as some seasonality on the EBITDA. But having said all that, should the equity remain in these price ranges that we deem attractive, that has been our preferred vehicle and I would expect it to continue to be.

Got it. Thank you. Good luck with the rest of the year.

Thank you, Anthony.

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from a line of Bobby Griffin from Raymond James. Mr. Griffin, your line is open.

Yep. Good morning, I am Bobby. Thanks for taking my questions. I guess, Steve, I want to first circle back on GMV. I think in your prepared remarks, you mentioned that two-thirds of the decline was driven by your internal leasing decisions. I wanted to maybe see if you could unpack that a little, does that mean you're seeing app flow and kind of quote unquote demand to use the product stronger than what the GMV trends that we're seeing on a reported basis are or how exactly are you kind of getting at that figure?

Yeah, I mean, we do analyze all of our channel metrics, top funnel, mid-funnel, bottom funnel source, whether it be online, in-store. We even try and parse out whether it's from someone's phone while they're in the store. And we analyze all those outflows. So we can look at our applications by channel and then kind of just follow it down the funnel and say, okay, well your approval rate is X, whereas the same period last year it was Y. Conversion has done this or that, and the average ticket has changed this or that. So that's how we get to kind of the rough two-thirds analysis of the GMV pressure, was from effectively in simplistic terms, just lower approval rates. There's a lot of moving parts as was implied in your question, but that is the driving factor. And so as we turn the page into the back half of this year, we will be on a neutral footing, and all things being equal, as it relates to decisioning. And so then it'll be more of an application than underlying retail demand story. But as I've talked about before, we stand ready to potentially loosen approval rates if the data warrant or if we see additional stress in the data. We also have a series of adjustments at the ready if we had to tighten additionally, but all of things being equal, that headwind will go away in the back half.

Okay. Yeah. And I guess that was going to be my second part of the question. I guess with that, that would imply that there is a greater demand and I guess we can approve that during the current economic environment for the product. But I guess what would you want to see economically to maybe start to loosen a tiny bit to go after that delta, that gap between your app flow and what the GMVs performance at, is it loss ratios continue to hang out here at the bottom of the range at 6%, or is it some type of payment trends or some type of category performance, I guess, like what would you like to see where we can kind of maybe get a view of when there could be maybe a chance to potentially loosen it and change the GMV?

The loss rates are an important indicator over time, but in the short term, there are various factors to consider, such as reserve buildup or release compared to underlying lease performance. Reserves are established based on our expectations for lease outcomes. We are monitoring delinquencies against pre-pandemic lease pools and tracking various indicators like ACH balances and first payment defaults. If we looked solely at our lease pools on March 15th, we might think it's time to loosen, but the situation is more complex. We need to be cautious and avoid creating undue pressure if there are liquidity issues affecting consumers, especially in light of challenges that might prevent them from completing 90-day buyouts. Ideal conditions won’t last indefinitely, so we are adopting a defensive approach, which we believe is necessary. Nevertheless, as I've mentioned, we are actively seeking opportunities to loosen our stance. If data supports this and indicates it's the right choice, I am prepared to act. We just need a bit more data before the team feels confident in making that decision.

Okay, that’s just the answer I was looking for. It makes perfect sense. Lastly, Brian, regarding cash OPEX, it seems like cash OPEX will likely increase sequentially from the first quarter levels, even though revenue might decrease slightly, which could lead to some margin pressure sequentially.

From a cash flow from operations perspective? I focus on cash OPEX and look at OPEX excluding write-offs.

Sorry, I believe there will be an increase in SG&A as a percentage of revenue as we progress through the year. There are a few reasons for this. We are dealing with wage inflation, and as we address the pressures on the top line, there will be a de-leveraging effect on that ratio. Although our cost structure is largely variable, we do have some fixed costs, which will begin to be reflected in that metric. So, to answer your question, I expect a moderate increase from Q1 levels.

Okay. I appreciate all the details. Congrats on the upside of this quarter and best of luck going forward.

Thanks, Bobby.

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from Jason Haas from Bank of America. Mr. Haas, your line is open.

Hey, great, good morning, and thanks for taking my questions. I'm curious, so to what extent do you think the current results are benefiting from any sort of credit tightening or trade down, are you not really seeing a benefit yet and that's potentially to come even though I know it's not included in the guidance?

Yeah, Jason, certainly I don't believe that the Q1 results were benefited by credit tightening. In the prepared remarks we said, and this is really kind of really recently developing news, but we have started to see the beginnings of what we think is tightening above us in the stack. We look at it very precisely, whether it be by vertical or by region, or by retailer, or by actual primary lender. As you know the secondary lenders, the near prime lenders have been tightening for some time now. We had not seen it happening in the prime lenders only in the very last couple of weeks have we seen evidence that it might be happening. But there's certainly a delay in what that means for GMV trends or even app trends for us. So, it's encouraging because as I've admitted on previous calls, I was expecting it to happen quarters ago, and we saw no evidence of it. The fact that we're starting to see some evidence, it's kind of a 'stay tuned' comment. And as you said, and we said in our prepared remarks, we have not built anything into the back half or really the full year GMV expectations from a tailwind from that. And so to the extent it continues to play out that way, it could be a tailwind for us.

Got it. And then over the next few months here, we should start to lap some of the highest gas prices from last year. I was curious, is that a factor that impacts payment rates, I don't know if it's something you're able to see a correlation there in your data, so maybe that could potentially be a benefit, but I'm just not sure how impactful something like that is for your business?

I definitely wouldn't say it's a negative; rather, it would be beneficial. It's been challenging to identify the different factors at play during the pandemic. We know our customers have been more affected by inflation in food, energy, and housing compared to the prime customer. If there's a reduction in those pressures, that would be favorable for us, particularly since employment remains strong and there have been some wage increases. It's hard to determine how much of the changes are due to gas prices versus the cost of eggs, but we welcome it and hope it positively impacts our portfolio performance and gross margins.

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Vincent Caintic from Stephens. Mr. Caintic, your line is open.

Okay. Thanks for taking my question. Most of my questions have been asked, but one question on just trying to parse out consumer demand, understanding that GMV guidance maybe is kind of weaker through the year, but I'm trying to separate out how much of that comes from your tight underwriting posture versus consumer demand maybe picking up, maybe there's more need for the product. So I don't know if there's a metric like application volume or something like that so we can kind of see how much demand might be moving over time? Thank you.

Vincent, I want to refer back to our previous comments regarding the mid-teens decline in GMV we've experienced over the past three quarters. We estimate that about two-thirds of this decline is due to our own necessary decision-making adjustments. This implies that roughly one-third of the decline could be attributed to lower consumer demand for our products. However, this could be balanced out by moving away from large purchases and the demand surge we saw during the pandemic. It may also be influenced by the need for replacements as items become outdated. We anticipate monitoring these trends, but we are observing some ongoing weak consumer demand beyond our decision-making adjustments.

Okay, perfect. That's helpful. That's all I had. Thank you.

Thank you. I'm showing no additional questions in the queue at this time. I'd like to turn the conference back over to management for any closing remarks.

Thank you. I'd like to thank you again for joining us this morning and for your interest in PROG Holdings. Our team did a great job getting us off to a strong start for the year. We feel good about the positioning of our portfolio and we're making the right investments in people and technology. So it will further our three pillar strategy of grow, enhance, and expand. We look forward to updating you on our progress next quarter, and we hope you have a great day.

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today's conference. This concludes the program. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a wonderful day.