Rapid7, Inc 10-Q for FY2024 Q3
Rapid7, Inc. (RPD)
10-Q
2024-11-07
For: 2024-09-30
View Original
Added on
April 07, 2026
About this 10-Q
Rapid7, Inc filed this 10-Q on November 7, 2024, covering the quarter ended September 30, 2024 (FY2024 Q3).
Headline figures
Quarter ended September 30, 2024, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $214.65M
- up 8.0% from $198.84M a year earlier
- Net income
- $16.55M
- compared with a net loss of $76.61M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $0.22
- compared with -$1.25 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-37496
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||||||||
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617 ) 247-1717
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: | ||||||||
| Title of each class | Trading symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
☒ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | |||||||||
| Non-accelerated Filer | ☐ | Small Reporting Company | |||||||||
| Emerging Growth Company | |||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 31, 2024, there were 63,206,602 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.
Table of Contents
| Page | ||||||||
| PART I. | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| PART II. | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
RAPID7, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| September 30, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term investments | |||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $ | |||||||||||
| Deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs, current portion | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Long-term investments | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs, non-current portion | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Convertible senior notes, current portion, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current portion | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, current portion | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Convertible senior notes non-current portion, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, non-current portion | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Stockholders’ deficit: | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
RAPID7, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share, basic | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share, diluted | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
RAPID7, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of cash flow hedges | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment for net (gains)/losses realized on cash flow hedges and included in net income (loss), net of taxes | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total change in unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in unrealized gains on investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
RAPID7, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
(in thousands)
| Common stock | Treasury stock | Additional paid-in-capital | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Accumulated deficit | Total stockholders’ deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted stock units | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld for employee taxes | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Treasury stock | Additional paid-in-capital | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Accumulated deficit | Total stockholders’ deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted stock units | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld for employee taxes | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of capped calls related to convertible senior notes | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and inducement of convertible senior notes | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive gain | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
RAPID7, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit (Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
(in thousands)
| Common stock | Treasury stock | Additional paid-in-capital | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Accumulated deficit | Total stockholders’ deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted stock units | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld for employee taxes | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Treasury stock | Additional paid-in-capital | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Accumulated deficit | Total stockholders’ deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted stock units | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld for employee taxes | ( | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in relation to an acquisition | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock in relation to acquisition | — | — | ( | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of 2023 capped calls from equity to derivative asset | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of capped calls related to convertible senior notes | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and inducement of convertible senior notes | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive gain | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
RAPID7, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| Induced conversion expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Capitalization of internal-use software | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Sales and maturities of investments | |||||||||||||||||
| Other investing activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs paid of $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of capped calls related to convertible senior notes | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Payments for repurchase of convertible senior notes | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Payments related to business acquisitions | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from capped call settlement | |||||||||||||||||
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from stock option exercises | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash ,cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest on convertible senior notes | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash included in other assets and prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
RAPID7, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1. Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Consolidation and Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business
Rapid7, Inc. and subsidiaries (“we,” “us” or “our”) are advancing security with visibility, analytics, and automation delivered through our platform solutions. Our solutions simplify the complex, allowing security teams to work more effectively with IT and development to reduce vulnerabilities, monitor for malicious behavior, investigate and shut down attacks, and automate routine tasks.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), as well as pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include our results of operations and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and reflect all adjustments (consisting solely of normal, recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period or the entire fiscal year.
Use of Estimates
Significant Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Except for the inclusion of a description of contingent consideration within our Business Combinations policy, as noted below, there have been no changes to the significant accounting policies included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Business Combinations
We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible asset acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair value these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the fair value of these assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations. Determining the fair value of the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, cash flows that an asset is expected to generate in the future, technology migration curves, discount rates, and useful lives. While we use our best estimates and judgements, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement.
7
Contingent consideration arising from business combinations is recorded at fair value as a liability on the acquisition date and remeasured at each reporting date. Changes in fair value are recorded in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Determining the fair value of the contingent consideration each period requires management to make assumptions and judgments. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties, and if different assumptions had been used, the fair value of contingent consideration could have been materially different from the amounts recorded.
Acquisition-related transaction costs are expensed as incurred.
Restricted Cash
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). This new guidance is designed to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments of this update are related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid, requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We do not plan to early adopt this standard. We are currently evaluating the effect of adopting this standard on our disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses on an interim and annual basis. All disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-07 are required for entities with a single reportable segment. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. We do not plan to early adopt this standard. We are currently evaluating the effect of adopting this standard on our disclosures.
Note 2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We generate revenue primarily from: (1) product subscriptions from the sale of cloud-based subscriptions, managed services, term software licenses, content subscriptions and maintenance and support associated with our software licenses and (2) professional services from the sale of our deployment and training services related to our solutions, incident response services, penetration testing and security advisory services.
Product Subscriptions
Product subscriptions consists primarily of revenue from our cloud-based subscription, managed services offerings, term software licenses, content subscriptions and maintenance and support associated with our software licenses.
•We generate cloud-based subscription revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions to access our cloud platform, together with related support services to our customers. These arrangements do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of our software operating on our cloud platform at any time. Instead, customers are granted continuous access to our cloud platform over the contractual period. Revenue is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Our cloud-based subscription contracts generally have annual or multi-year contractual terms which are billed in advance of the annual subscription period and are non-cancellable.
•Managed services offerings consist of fees generated when we operate our software and provide our capabilities on behalf of our customers. Revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Our managed services offerings generally have annual or multi-year contractual terms which are billed in advance of the annual subscription period and are non-cancellable.
•For our term software licenses where the utility to the customer is dependent on the continued delivery of content subscriptions, we recognize the license revenue over the contractual term of the content subscription.
8
•Content subscriptions and our maintenance and support services are sold with our term software licenses. Revenue related to our content subscriptions associated with our software licenses is recognized ratably over the contractual period.
Professional Services
All of our professional services are considered distinct performance obligations when sold stand alone or with other products. The majority of our professional services contracts have terms of one year or less. For the majority of these contracts, revenue is recognized over time based upon the proportion of work performed to date.
Contract Balances
Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Such amounts are recognized as revenue over the contractual period consistent with the above methodology. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized revenue of $184.6 million and $174.3 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized $398.3 million and $366.5 million, respectively, that was included in the corresponding contract liability balance at the beginning of the periods presented. Deferred revenue that will be realized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current, and the remaining deferred revenue is recorded as non-current.
We receive payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Unbilled receivables include amounts related to our contractual right to consideration for both completed and partially completed performance obligations that have not been invoiced. If the right to consideration is based on satisfaction of another performance obligation in the contract other than the passage of time, we record a contract asset. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unbilled receivables of $3.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively, are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had no
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of September 30, 2024. The estimated revenues do not include unexercised contract renewals.
| Next Twelve Months | Thereafter | |||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Professional services | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Note 3. Business Combinations
Noetic Cyber, Inc.
On July 3, 2024, we acquired Noetic Cyber, Inc, (“Noetic”) a provider of cyber asset attack surface management, to extend Rapid7’s security operations platform by unlocking more accessible and accurate asset inventory in order to provide customers more comprehensive visibility to their attack surface, for a purchase price with an aggregate fair value of $51.0 million. The purchase consideration consisted of $38.6 million in cash paid at closing, $12.1 million of contingent consideration and $0.4 million of deferred cash payments. The deferred cash payments will be held by Rapid7 to satisfy certain post-closing purchase price adjustments.
Subject to the terms of the merger agreement, we are required to pay consideration of up to $20.0 million to Noetic shareholders based on the achievement of certain performance targets (the “Earnout Consideration”), measured annually upon the first, second and third anniversaries of the closing date of the transaction (the “Earnout Period”). If all performance targets are achieved, approximately $13.1 million of Earnout Consideration will be paid in cash, and the remaining $6.9 million of Earnout Consideration will be issued to certain employees in the form of shares of our common stock subject to continued employment requirements over the Earnout Period. The approximate $6.9 million of the Earnout Consideration that is subject to continued employment will be recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the required employment period. The fair value of the portion of the Earnout Consideration that is not subject to continued employment is included as part of purchase consideration at the date of the acquisition. As of July 3, 2024, we determined the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration to be $12.1 million. The fair value of the contingent purchase consideration will be reassessed each reporting
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period and any required adjustment will be recorded to general and administrative expense. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration was $12.2 million of which $6.8 million was recorded within accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $5.4 million was recorded within other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $0.2
In connection with the acquisition, we expect to issue an aggregate value of $2.3 million of our common stock to two key employees of Noetic in three installments over a 36 -month period following the closing date of the transaction, subject to continued employment requirements (the “Key Employee Consideration”) and therefore will be recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the required employment period.
The number of shares to be issued at each issuance date for both the Earnout Consideration and the Key Employee Consideration shares will be determined by dividing the aggregate value by the fair market value of our common stock on the issuance date, and therefore will be liability-classified until the final issuance dates. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized stock-based compensation expense related to such shares in the amount of $0.7 million.
The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of purchase price to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):
| Consideration: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | |||||||
| Deferred cash consideration | ||||||||
| Contingent consideration | ||||||||
| Fair value of total consideration transferred | $ | |||||||
| Recognized amount of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ( | |||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | |||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | ( | |||||||
| Intangible asset | ||||||||
| Total identifiable net assets assumed | $ | |||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| Total purchase price allocation | $ | |||||||
We identified developed technology as the sole acquired intangible asset. The estimated fair value of the developed technology intangible asset was $11.5 million which was based on a valuation using a probability weighted expected return model (“PWERM”). The estimated useful life of the developed technology is 7 years.
The excess of the purchase price over the tangible assets acquired, identifiable intangible asset acquired and assumed liabilities was recorded as goodwill. We believe that the amount of goodwill reflects the expected synergistic benefits of being able to leverage the integration of the technology acquired with our existing product offerings and being able to successfully market and sell these new features to our customer base. The goodwill was allocated to our one reporting unit. The acquired goodwill and intangible asset were not deductible for tax purposes.
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of acquisition-related transaction costs related to the acquisition of Noetic to general and administrative expense.
Our revenue and net loss attributable to the Noetic business for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was not material.
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Minerva Labs Ltd.
On March 14, 2023, we acquired Minerva Labs Ltd. (“Minerva”), a leading provider of anti-evasion and ransomware prevention technology, for a purchase price with an aggregate fair value of $34.6 million. The purchase consideration consisted of $35 million paid in cash at closing and a $(0.4 ) million receivable for purchase price adjustments.
The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill. The fair value of net assets acquired, goodwill and intangible assets were $13.9 million, $20.7 million and $12.8 million, respectively. The goodwill was allocated to our one reporting unit. The acquired goodwill and intangible assets were not deductible for tax purposes.
In the first quarter of 2024, we sold acquired intellectual property through a non-cash intercompany transaction, which for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 resulted in $4.6 1.8
Note 4. Investments
Our investments, which are all classified as available-for-sale, consisted of the following:
| As of September 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S government agencies | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S government agencies | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Agency bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2024, our available-for-sale investments had maturities ranging from 1 to 20 months. As of December 31, 2023, our available-for-sale investments had maturities ranging from 1 to 18 months.
Note 5. Fair Value Measurements
We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy, as follows:
•Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability.
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We consider an active market to be one in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis, and consider an inactive market to be one in which there are infrequent or few transactions for the asset or liability, the prices are not current, or price quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers.
The following table presents our financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories:
| As of September 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges (prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration (other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges (other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Agency bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges (prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges (other current liabilities) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents are excluded from the table above as carrying amounts reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheet equal or approximate fair value. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of our 2.25 %, 0.25 % and 1.25 % convertible senior notes due 2025, 2027 and 2029, as further described in Note 10, Debt, was $45.1 million, $547.1 million and $281.9 million, respectively, based upon quoted market prices. We consider the fair value of the Notes (as defined in Note 10, Debt) to be a Level 2 measurement due to limited trading activity of the Notes. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of our contingent consideration, as further described in Note 3, Business Combinations, was $12.2 million and is classified as a Level 3 measurement based on inputs not observable in the market.
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Note 6. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost and consist of the following:
| September 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Computer equipment and software | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | |||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | |||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
Note 7. Goodwill and Intangibles
Goodwill was $575.2 million and $536.4 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The following table displays the changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill:
| Amount | |||||
| (in thousands) | |||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | ||||
| Noetic acquisition | |||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | ||||
The following table presents details of our intangible assets which include acquired identifiable intangible assets and capitalized internal-use software costs:
| Weighted- Average Estimated Useful Life (years) | As of September 30, 2024 | As of December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Book Value | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Book Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets subject to amortization: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technology | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade names | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total acquired intangible assets | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Internal-use software | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total intangible assets | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization expense was $8.5 million and $8.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $25.1 million and $23.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Estimated future amortization expense of the acquired identifiable intangible assets and completed capitalized internal-use software costs as of September 30, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):
| 2024 (for the remaining three months) | $ | ||||
| 2025 | |||||
| 2026 | |||||
| 2027 | |||||
| 2028 | |||||
| 2029 and thereafter | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
The table above excludes the impact of $10.2 million of capitalized internal-use software costs for projects that have not been completed as of September 30, 2024, and therefore, all the costs associated with these projects have not been incurred.
Note 8. Deferred Contract Acquisitions and Fulfillment Costs
Deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs, which primarily consist of capitalized sales commissions, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Capitalization of contract acquisition and fulfillment costs | |||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | |||||||||
Note 9. Derivative and Hedging Activities
To mitigate our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations resulting from certain expenses denominated in certain foreign currencies, we enter into forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedging instruments. These forward contracts have contractual maturities of twenty months 52.4 million and $49.5 million, respectively. The notional value represents the gross amount of foreign currency that will be bought or sold upon maturity of the forward contract. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, all cash flow hedges were considered effective. Refer to Note 5, Fair Value Measurements, for the fair values of our outstanding derivative instruments.
Note 10. Debt
Convertible Senior Notes
In May 2020, we issued $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due May 1, 2025 (the “2025 Notes”), in March 2021, we issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due March 15, 2027 (the “2027 Notes”), and in September 2023, we issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due March 15, 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) (collectively, the “Notes”). In September 2023, we used $201.0 million of the proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes to repurchase and retire $184.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes and paid accrued and unpaid interest thereon. Further details of the Notes are as follows:
| Issuance | Maturity Date | Interest Rate | First Interest Payment Date | Effective Interest Rate | Semi-Annual Interest Payment Dates | Initial Conversion Rate per $1,000 Principal | Initial Conversion Price | Number of Shares (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 Notes | May 1, 2025 | November 1, 2020 | May 1 and November 1 | 16.3875 | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 Notes | March 15, 2027 | September 15, 2021 | March 15 and September 15 | 9.6734 | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2029 Notes | March 15, 2029 | March 15, 2024 | March 15 and September 15 | 15.4213 | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes are senior unsecured obligations, do not contain any financial covenants and are governed by indentures between the Company, as issuer, and U.S. Trust Company, Bank National Association, as
14
trustee (the “Indentures”). The total net proceeds from the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes offerings, after deducting initial purchase discounts and debt issuance costs, were $222.8 million, $585.0 million and $292.0 million, respectively.
For additional details on the terms of our Notes, see Note 11, Debt, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
As of September 30, 2024, the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes were not convertible at the option of the holders.
The holders may convert the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes at any time on or after November 1, 2024, December 15, 2026 and December 15, 2028, respectively, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, regardless of the circumstances set forth above. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election, in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the Indentures.
If we undergo a fundamental change (as set forth in the Indentures) at any time prior to the maturity date, holders of the Notes will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or following our issuance of a notice of redemption, in each case as described in the Indentures, we will increase the conversion rate for a holder of the Notes who elects to convert its Notes in connection with such a corporate event or during the related redemption period in certain circumstances.
Accounting for the Notes
In accounting for the issuance of the Notes, the principal less debt issuance costs are recorded as debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term of the Notes.
The net carrying amount of the Notes as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands):
| 2025 Notes | 2027 Notes | 2029 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal | Unamortized debt issuance costs | Total | Principal | Unamortized debt issuance costs | Total | Principal | Unamortized debt issuance costs | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense related to the Notes was as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 Notes | 2027 Notes | 2029 Notes | Total | 2025 Notes | 2027 Notes | 2029 Notes | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual interest expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 Notes | 2027 Notes | 2029 Notes | Total | 2025 Notes | 2027 Notes | 2029 Notes | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual interest expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Capped Calls
In connection with the offering of the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain counterparties (the “2025 Capped Calls”, “2027 Capped Calls” and “2029 Capped Calls”) (collectively, the “Capped Calls”).
The Capped Calls are expected to reduce potential dilution to our common stock upon conversion of a given series of notes and/or offset any cash payments that we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes of such series, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The Capped Calls are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified extraordinary events affecting us, including merger events, tender offers and announcement events. In addition, the Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings and hedging disruptions.
The following table sets forth other key terms and premiums paid for the Capped Calls related to each series of Notes:
| Capped Calls Entered into in Connection with the Issuance of the 2025 Notes | Capped Calls Entered into in Connection with the Issuance of the 2027 Notes | Capped Calls Entered into in Connection with the Issuance of the 2029 Notes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Initial strike price, subject to certain adjustments | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Cap price, subject to certain adjustments | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Total premium paid (in thousands) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Expiration dates | March 4, 2025 - April 29, 2025 | January 1, 2027 - March 11, 2027 | February 13, 2029 - March 13, 2029 | |||||||||||||||||
For additional details on the terms of our Capped Calls, see Note 11, Debt, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
For accounting purposes, the 2025 Capped Calls, the 2027 Capped Calls and the 2029 Capped Calls are separate transactions, and not part of the terms of the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes. The 2025 Capped Calls, 2027 Capped Calls and 2029 Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders' equity and are not accounted for as derivatives.
Credit Agreement
In April 2020, we entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (the Credit Agreement), with KeyBank National Association (as amended, in December 2021) that provides for a $100.0 million revolving credit facility, with a letter of credit sublimit of $15.0 million and an accordion feature under which we can increase the credit facility to up to $150.0 million. We incurred fees of $0.4 million in connection with entering into the Credit Agreement. The fees are recorded in other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the arrangement. The commitment fee of 0.2 % per annum on the unused portion of the credit facility is expensed as incurred and included within interest expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants including a requirement that we maintain specified minimum recurring revenue and liquidity amounts.
The borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either (i) term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10 % per annum plus a margin of 2.50 % per annum or (ii) the alternate base rate (subject to a floor), plus an applicable margin equal to 0 % per annum.
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Note 11. Stock-Based Compensation
(a) General
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”), stock options and purchase rights issued under our employee stock purchase plan was classified in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We recognize compensation cost of all awards on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period, which is generally to four years .
Our Compensation Committee adopted and approved the performance goals, targets and payout formulas for our 2024 and 2023 bonus plans, including permitting our executive officers and certain other employees the opportunity to receive payment of their earned bonuses in the form of common stock (in lieu of cash). During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized stock-based compensation expense related to such bonuses in the amount of $0.2 million and $50 thousand, respectively, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized stock-based compensation expense in the amount of $0.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively, based on the probable expected performance against the pre-established corporate financial objectives as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. For employees, including executive officers, who elect to receive their bonuses in the form of common stock (in lieu of cash), the payouts are expected to be made in the form of fully vested stock awards in the first quarter of the following year pursuant to our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended. The number of shares underlying such awards is determined by dividing the dollar value of the actual bonus award payment by the closing price per share of our common stock on the date of grant.
(b)Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units and Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
| Shares | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Unvested balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | $ | ||||||||||
| Vested | ( | $ | |||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | $ | |||||||||
| Unvested balance as of September 30, 2024 | $ | ||||||||||
As of September 30, 2024, the unrecognized compensation expense related to our unvested RSUs and PSUs was $152.0 million. This unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized over an estimated weighted-average amortization period of 2.0 years.
In January 2024, our Compensation Committee awarded 279,570 PSUs that required the achievement of net annualized recurring revenue (“Net ARR”) and Adjusted EBITDA targets for the 2024 full-year to earn any payout. Net ARR is defined as the change in the annual value of all recurring revenue related to contracts in place at year end. In addition, the portion of the PSUs that are earned would be capped at a maximum of 200 % of the target level payout and if certain net ARR or Adjusted EBITDA goals were not met, no PSUs will be earned. The PSUs have a performance period of one year and the earned PSUs will vest in three equal installments following each of the first, second and third anniversary of the vesting commencement date, subject to the participant’s continuous service as of
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each such date. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $0.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to these PSUs based on estimated achievement of the performance criteria.
In July 2024, our Compensation Committee awarded 19,605 PSUs that required the achievement of certain milestones related to the integration of Noetic. The PSUs have three measurement and vesting dates through September 15, 2025, subject to the participant's continuous service as of each such date. If achievement of the milestones are not met, no PSUs will be earned. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $0.3
(c)Stock Options
| Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited/cancelled | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of September 30, 2024 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2024 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(d)Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Under the Rapid7, Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), employees may set aside up to 15 % of their gross earnings, on an after-tax basis, to purchase our common stock at a discounted price, which is calculated at 85 % of the lesser of: (i) the market value of our common stock at the beginning of each offering period and (ii) the market value of our common stock on the applicable purchase date.
On March 15, 2024, we issued 147,445 shares of common stock to employees, with a purchase price of either $33.78 or $39.78 per share, for aggregate proceeds of $5.0 million.
On September 13, 2024, we issued 144,445 shares of common stock to employees, with a purchase price of $29.08 per share, for aggregate proceeds of $4.2 million.
Note 12. Net Income (Loss) per Share
The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of our common stock for the three months September 30, 2024 and 2023:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except share and per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share, basic | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share, diluted | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We intend to settle any conversion of our 2025 Notes, 2027 Notes and 2029 Notes in cash, shares, or a combination thereof. The dilutive impact of the Notes for our calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share is considered using the if-converted method. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the shares underlying the Notes were not considered in the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share as the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
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In connection with the issuance of the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes, we entered into the 2025 Capped Calls, 2027 Capped Calls and 2029 Capped Calls, which were not included for the purpose of calculating the number of diluted shares outstanding, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes were not convertible at the option of the holder. We had not received any conversion notices through the issuance date of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. For disclosure purposes, we have calculated the potentially dilutive effect of the conversion spread, which is included in the table below. The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the respective periods below because they would have been anti-dilutive:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Options to purchase common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock units | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued in conjunction to acquisitions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares to be issued under ESPP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible senior notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies
(a)Warranty
We provide limited product warranties. Historically, any payments made under these provisions have been immaterial.
(b)Litigation and Claims
From time to time, we may be a party to litigation or subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
(c)Indemnification Obligations
We agree to standard indemnification provisions in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these provisions, we agree to indemnify, hold harmless and reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally our customers, in connection with any United States patent, copyright or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third party arising from the use of our products or services in accordance with the agreement or arising from our gross negligence, willful misconduct or violation of the law (provided that there is not gross or willful misconduct on the part of the other party) with respect to our products or services. The term of these indemnification provisions is generally perpetual from the time of execution of the agreement. We carry insurance that covers certain third-party claims relating to our services and limits our exposure. We have never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions.
As permitted under Delaware law, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors, indemnifying them for certain events or occurrences while they serve as officers or directors of the company.
(d)Income Taxes
From time to time, we may receive income tax assessments from taxing authorities asserting additional tax liabilities owed by the Company. During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, we received an initial assessment from the Israel Tax Authority (“ITA”) of approximately 324 million Israeli New Shekels (approximately $87 million, based upon the exchange rate between the Israeli New Shekel and the US Dollar as of September 30, 2024) related to fiscal year 2021. Based on our interpretation of the regulations and available case law, we believe that the tax positions we have taken on our filed tax return in Israel are sustainable and we intend to defend our position through all available means. As such, we have not recorded any impact of the ITA assessment in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. We are continuing to monitor developments related to
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this matter and its impact on our existing income tax reserves for all open years. If we are unsuccessful in sustaining our tax position in this matter, our financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Note 14. Segment Information and Information about Geographic Areas
We operate in one segment. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer, who makes operating decisions, assesses performance and allocates resources on a consolidated basis.
Net revenues by geographic area presented based upon the location of the customer are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| North America | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rest of world | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net by geographic area was as follows:
| As of September 30, 2024 | As of December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| North America | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Rest of world | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Note 15. Restructuring
On August 7, 2023, our board of directors approved a restructuring plan that was designed to improve operational efficiencies, reduce operating costs and better align the Company’s workforce with current business needs, top strategic priorities and key growth opportunities (collectively, the “Restructuring Plan”). The Restructuring Plan included a reduction of the Company’s workforce by approximately 16 %.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with (1) our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (2) the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024. Forward-looking statements in this review are qualified by the cautionary statement included under the next sub-heading, “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Statements that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:
• our ability to continue to add new customers, maintain existing customers and sell new products and professional services to new and existing customers;
• uncertain impacts that changes in overall level of software spending and ongoing volatility in the global economy as well as effects of inflation and increased interest rates may have on our business, strategy, operating results, financial condition and cash flows;
• the effects of increased competition as well as innovations by new and existing competitors in our market;
• our ability to adapt to technological change and effectively enhance, innovate and scale our solutions;
• our ability to effectively manage or sustain our growth and to attain and sustain profitability;
• our ability to diversify our sources of revenue;
• potential acquisitions and integration of complementary business and technologies;
• our expected use of proceeds from future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities;
• our ability to maintain, or strengthen awareness of, our brand;
• perceived or actual security, integrity, reliability, quality or compatibility problems with our solutions, including related to security breaches in our customers; systems, unscheduled downtime or outages;
• statements regarding future revenue, hiring plans, expenses, capital expenditures, capital requirements and stock performance;
• our ability to meet publicly announced guidance or other expectations about our business, key metrics and future operating results;
• our ability to maintain an adequate annualized recurring revenue growth;
• our ability to attract and retain qualified employees and key personnel and further expand our overall headcount;
• our ability to grow, both domestically and internationally;
• our ability to stay abreast of new or modified laws and regulations that currently apply or become applicable to our business both in the United States and internationally;
• our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property;
• costs associated with defending intellectual property infringement and other claims; and
• the future trading prices of our common stock and the impact of securities analysts’ reports on these prices.
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These statements represent the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to us. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included under Part II, Item 1A. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report.
As used in this report, the terms “Rapid7,” the “company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean Rapid7, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise.
Overview
Rapid7 is a global cybersecurity software and services provider on a mission to offer customers greater clarity and control of their attack surface through our comprehensive and consolidated security offerings. For more than twenty years, Rapid7 has partnered with customers across the globe representing a diverse range of industries and sizes to improve the efficacy and productivity of their security operations (“SecOps”). In today's rapidly evolving IT environment, customers are encountering escalating challenges due to the proliferation of cyberattacks leveraging artificial intelligence (“AI”), targeted automation, and a widening spectrum of attackers and techniques. To fortify their security posture, organizations will require greater visibility, advanced capabilities leveraging increased expertise, and integrated data to effectively anticipate, identify, and respond to exposure-led threats.
Through our security operations platform, anchored on our cloud security, security information and event management (“SIEM”), advanced detection and response, and vulnerability management offerings, we believe that Rapid7 is poised to expand the capabilities of today's SecOps teams. Rapid7 extends and expands the expertise of the Security Operations Center (“SOC") across information security, cloud operations, development, and IT teams, enabling them to better understand the attacker and leverage that information to take control of their fragmented attack surface. Enriched by years of managed services expertise, our integrated security operations platform enables SecOps teams to move away from a reactive approach, reduce their attack surface, and enhance response efficiency with a deep contextual understanding of their environment.
In the past few years, we have observed the industry undergoing a customer-driven shift to consolidated security platforms. As part of this transition, customers are moving away from cloud security as a specialized function towards cloud security as an integrated capability for SecOps teams. We view this as a demand driver for integrated SecOps, and believe that we have an opportunity to be a leader in delivering integrated risk and threat management across on-premise, cloud, and external attack surfaces. As we have shifted our strategic focus to SecOps consolidation, we are focused on continuing to drive innovation across our core products and capabilities to accelerate customer value and provide a frictionless and integrated cloud security experience.
As the threat landscape continues to grow in complexity, customers are demonstrating demand for integrated expertise to support them in effectively managing their security technologies. The convergence of these key trends – security consolidation, integrated cloud security, and expertise driven outcomes – are the foundation of what we view as the new extended SOC. Our focus is to be the leading provider of integrated security solutions for the extended SOC by providing risk and threat management within the context of overall security.
We market and sell our products and professional services to organizations of all sizes globally, including mid-market businesses, enterprises, non-profits, educational institutions and government agencies. Our customers span a wide variety of industries such as technology, energy, financial services, healthcare and life sciences, manufacturing, media and entertainment, retail, education, real estate, transportation, government and professional services. As of September 30, 2024, we had over 11,000 customers in 146 countries, including 45% of the Fortune 100. Our revenue was not concentrated with any individual customer and no customer represented more than 2% of our revenue for three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.
Recent Developments
On July 3, 2024, we acquired Noetic Cyber, Inc, (“Noetic”) a provider of cyber asset attack surface management, to extend Rapid7’s security operations platform by unlocking more accessible and accurate asset inventory in order to provide customers more comprehensive visibility to their attack surface, for a purchase price with an aggregate fair value of $51.0 million. The purchase consideration consisted of $38.6 million in cash paid at closing, $12.1 million of contingent consideration and $0.4 million of deferred cash payments. The deferred cash payments will be held by Rapid7 to satisfy certain post-closing purchase price adjustments.
Subject to the terms of the merger agreement, we are required to pay consideration of up to $20.0 million to Noetic shareholders based on the achievement of certain performance targets (the “Earnout Consideration”), measured annually upon
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the first, second and third anniversaries of the closing date of the transaction (the “Earnout Period”). If all performance targets are achieved, approximately $13.1 million of Earnout Consideration will be paid in cash, and the remaining $6.9 million of Earnout Consideration will be issued to certain employees in the form of shares of our common stock subject to continued employment requirements over the Earnout Period. The approximate $6.9 million of the Earnout Consideration that is subject to continued employment will be recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the required employment period. The fair value of the portion of the Earnout Consideration that is not subject to continued employment is included as part of purchase consideration at the date of the acquisition. As of July 3, 2024, we determined the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration to be $12.1 million. The fair value of the contingent purchase consideration will be reassessed each reporting period and any required adjustment will be recorded to general and administrative expense. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration was $12.2 million.
In connection with the acquisition, we will issue an aggregate value of $2.3 million of our common stock to two key employees of Noetic in three installments over a 36-month period following the closing date of the transaction, subject to continued employment requirements.
Our Business Model
We offer our products through a variety of delivery models to meet the needs of our diverse customer base, including:
•Cloud-based subscriptions, which provide our software capabilities to our customers through cloud access and on a subscription basis. Our InsightIDR, InsightCloudSec, InsightVM, InsightAppSec, InsightConnect and Threat Command products are offered as cloud-based subscriptions, with an option for a one or multi-year term.
•Managed services, through which we operate our products and provide our capabilities on behalf of our customers. Our Managed Vulnerability Management, Managed Detection and Response, and Managed Application Security products are offered on a managed service basis, pursuant to one or multi-year agreements.
•Licensed on-premise software consists of term licenses. When licensed on-premise software is purchased, maintenance and support and content subscriptions, as applicable, are bundled with the license for the term period. Our Nexpose and Metasploit products are offered through term software licenses with an option for one or multi-year terms. Our maintenance and support provides our customers with telephone and web-based support and ongoing bug fixes and repairs during the term of the maintenance and support agreement, and our customers who purchase our Nexpose and Metasploit products also purchase content subscriptions, which provide them with real-time access to the latest vulnerabilities and exploits.
Additionally, we offer our products through our consolidation offerings, which unify our products and services to our customers in a single package. Our Threat Complete and Cloud Risk Complete packages are offered as cloud based subscriptions, with an option for a one or multi-year term. Our Managed Threat Complete Offering is offered on a managed service basis, generally pursuant to one or multi-year agreements.
For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, recurring revenue, defined as revenue from term software licenses, content subscriptions, managed services, cloud-based subscriptions and maintenance and support, was 96%, and 95%, respectively, of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, recurring revenue was 96% and 95%, respectively, of total revenue.
Key Metrics
We monitor the following key metrics to help us measure and evaluate the effectiveness of our operations and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. We believe that both management and investors benefit from referring to these key metrics as supplemental information in assessing our performance and when planning, forecasting, and analyzing future periods. These key metrics also facilitate management's internal comparisons to our historical performance as well as comparisons to certain competitors' operating results. We believe these key metrics are useful to investors both because they allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision-making and also because they are used by institutional investors and the analyst community to help evaluate the health of our business:
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| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 214,654 | $ | 198,843 | $ | 627,746 | $ | 572,439 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year-over-year growth | 8.0 | % | 13.1 | % | 9.7 | % | 14.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP income from operations | $ | 43,952 | $ | 36,773 | $ | 123,513 | $ | 60,723 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP operating margin | 20.5 | % | 18.5 | % | 19.7 | % | 10.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Free cash flow | $ | 38,502 | $ | (582) | $ | 95,241 | $ | 23,780 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Annualized recurring revenue (“ARR”) | $ | 823,104 | $ | 776,760 | ||||||||||
| Year-over-year growth | 6.0 | % | 13.6 | % | ||||||||||
| Number of customers | 11,619 | 11,412 | ||||||||||||
| Year-over-year growth | 2 | % | 5.8 | % | ||||||||||
| ARR per customer | $ | 70.8 | $ | 68.1 | ||||||||||
| Year-over-year growth | 4.1 | % | 7.4 | % | ||||||||||
Total Revenue and Growth. We are focused on driving continued revenue growth through increased sales of our products and professional services to new and existing customers. We monitor total revenue and believe it is useful to investors as a measure of the overall success of our business.
Non-GAAP Income from Operations and Non-GAAP Operating Margin. We monitor non-GAAP income from operations and non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP financial measures, to analyze our financial results. We believe non-GAAP income from operations and non-GAAP operating margin are useful to investors, as supplements to U.S. GAAP measures, in evaluating our ongoing operational performance and enhancing an overall understanding of our past financial performance and allowing for greater transparency with respect to metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. See Non-GAAP Financial Results below for further information on non-GAAP income from operations and a reconciliation of non-GAAP income from operations to the comparable GAAP financial measure.
Free Cash Flow. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure that we define as cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of internal-use software costs. We consider free cash flow to be a liquidity measure that provides useful information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated by the business after necessary capital expenditures. See Non-GAAP Financial Results below for a reconciliation of non-GAAP free cash flow to the comparable GAAP financial measure.
Annualized Recurring Revenue and Growth. Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”) is defined as the annual value of all recurring revenue related to contracts in place at the end of the quarter. ARR should be viewed independently of revenue and deferred revenue, as ARR is an operating metric and is not intended to be combined with or replace these items. ARR is not a forecast of future revenue, which can be impacted by contract start and end dates and renewal rates, and does not include revenue reported as professional services revenue in our consolidated statement of operations. We use ARR and believe it is useful to investors as a measure of the overall success of our business.
Number of Customers. We believe that the size of our customer base is an indicator of our global market penetration and that our net customer additions are an indicator of the growth of our business. We define a customer as any entity that has an active Rapid7 recurring revenue contract as of the specified measurement date, excluding only InsightOps and Logentries customers with a contract value less than $2,400 per year.
ARR per Customer. ARR per customer is defined as ARR divided by the number of customers at the end of the period.
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Non-GAAP Financial Results
To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we provide investors with certain non-GAAP financial measures, including non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP income from operations, non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP net income per share, adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow. The presentation of the non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. We use these non-GAAP financial measures for financial and operational decision-making purposes and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons, and use certain non-GAAP financial measures as performance measures under our executive bonus plan. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information about our operating results, enhance the overall understanding of past financial performance and future prospects and allow for greater transparency with respect to metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. While our non-GAAP financial measures are an important tool for financial and operational decision-making and for evaluating our own operating results over different periods of time, you should review the reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the comparable GAAP financial measures included below, and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
We define non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP income from operations, non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per share as the respective GAAP balances excluding the effect of stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets, amortization of debt issuance costs and certain other items such as acquisition-related expenses, impairment of long-lived assets, change in the fair value of derivative assets, restructuring expense, induced conversion expense and discrete tax items. Non-GAAP net income per basic and diluted share is calculated as non-GAAP net income divided by the weighted average shares used to compute net income per share, with the number of weighted average shares decreased, when applicable, to reflect the anti-dilutive impact of the capped call transactions entered into in connection with our convertible senior notes.
We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors in assessing our operating performance due to the following factors:
•Stock-based compensation expense. We exclude stock-based compensation expense because of varying available valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of equity instruments that can impact our non-cash expense. We believe that providing non-GAAP financial measures that exclude stock-based compensation expense allows for more meaningful comparisons between our operating results from period to period.
•Amortization of acquired intangible assets. We believe that excluding the impact of amortization of acquired intangible assets allows for more meaningful comparisons between operating results from period to period as the intangible assets are valued at the time of acquisition and are amortized over several years after the acquisition.
•Acquisition-related expenses. We exclude acquisition-related expenses that are unrelated to the current operations and neither are comparable to the prior period nor predictive of future results.
•Amortization of debt issuance costs. The expense for the amortization of debt issuance costs related to our convertible senior notes and revolving credit facility is a non-cash item and we believe the exclusion of this interest expense provides a more useful comparison of our operational performance in different periods.
•Induced conversion expense. In conjunction with the third quarter of 2023 partial repurchase of our 2025 Notes, we incurred a non-cash induced conversion expense of $53.9 million. We exclude induced conversion expense because this amount is not indicative of the performance of, or trends in, our business and neither is comparable to the prior period nor predictive of future results.
•Change in fair value of derivative assets. The change in fair value of derivative assets related to our capped calls settlement is a non-cash item and we believe the exclusion of this other income (expense) provides a more useful comparison of our operational performance in different periods.
•Impairment of long-lived assets. Impairment of long-lived assets consists of impairment charges allocated to the carrying amount of certain operating right-of-use assets and the associated leasehold improvements when the carrying amounts exceed their respective fair values and we believe the exclusion of the impairment charges provides a more useful comparison of our operational performance in different periods.
•Restructuring expense. We exclude non-ordinary course restructuring expenses related to the restructuring plan we announced in August 2023, which was concluded in the first quarter of 2024 (the "Restructuring Plan") because we do not believe these charges are indicative of our core operating performance and we believe the exclusion of the restructuring expense provides a more useful comparison of our performance in different periods. For further
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information see Note 15, Restructuring, in the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
•Discrete tax items. We exclude certain discrete tax items such as income tax expenses or benefits that are not related to ongoing business operations in the current year and adjustments to uncertain tax position reserves as these charges are not indicative of our ongoing operating results, and they are not considered when we are forecasting our future results.
•Anti-dilutive impact of capped call transaction. Our capped calls transactions are intended to offset potential dilution from the conversion features in our convertible senior notes. Although we cannot reflect the anti-dilutive impact of the capped call transactions under GAAP, we do reflect the anti-dilutive impact of the capped call transactions in non-GAAP net income (loss) per diluted share, when applicable, to provide investors with useful information in evaluating our financial performance on a per share basis.
We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before (1) interest income, (2) interest expense, (3) other (income) expense, net, (4) provision for income taxes, (5) depreciation expense, (6) amortization of intangible assets, (7) stock-based compensation expense, (8) acquisition-related expenses, (9) impairment of long-lived assets and (10) restructuring expense. We believe that the use of adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating our operating performance because it provides them with an additional tool to compare business performance across companies and across periods.
Our non-GAAP financial measures may not provide information that is directly comparable to that provided by other companies in our industry, as other companies in our industry may calculate non-GAAP financial results differently, particularly related to non-recurring, unusual items. In addition, there are limitations in using non-GAAP financial measures because the non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies and exclude expenses that may have a material impact upon our reported financial results. Further, stock-based compensation expense has been and will continue to be for the foreseeable future a significant recurring expense in our business and an important part of the compensation provided to our employees.
The following tables reconcile GAAP gross profit to non-GAAP gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAAP total gross profit | $ | 151,637 | $ | 141,013 | $ | 442,978 | $ | 400,446 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 3,001 | 2,527 | 8,707 | 8,348 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 4,410 | 4,775 | 12,739 | 13,993 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP total gross profit | $ | 159,048 | $ | 148,315 | $ | 464,424 | $ | 422,787 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAAP gross profit – product subscriptions | $ | 148,940 | $ | 138,615 | $ | 436,288 | $ | 394,752 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 2,564 | 1,940 | 7,460 | 6,332 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 4,410 | 4,775 | 12,739 | 13,993 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP gross profit – product subscriptions | $ | 155,914 | $ | 145,330 | $ | 456,487 | $ | 415,077 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAAP gross profit – professional services | $ | 2,697 | $ | 2,398 | $ | 6,690 | $ | 5,694 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 437 | 587 | 1,247 | 2,016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP gross profit – professional services | $ | 3,134 | $ | 2,985 | $ | 7,937 | $ | 7,710 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26
The following table reconciles GAAP income (loss) from operations to non-GAAP income from operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAAP income (loss) from operations | $ | 13,961 | $ | (16,041) | $ | 31,409 | $ | (91,665) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 24,594 | 23,768 | 76,896 | 84,836 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 5,107 | 5,497 | 14,830 | 16,409 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related expenses(1) | 290 | — | 568 | 363 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | — | 3,553 | — | 30,784 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring expense(2) | — | 19,996 | (190) | 19,996 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP income from operations | $ | 43,952 | $ | 36,773 | $ | 123,513 | $ | 60,723 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, acquisition-related expenses included $0.2 million of accretion expense related to contingent consideration recorded in connection with our July 2024 acquisition of Noetic. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, restructuring expense was recorded within general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27
The following table reconciles GAAP net income (loss) to non-GAAP net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except share and per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAAP net income (loss) | $ | 16,554 | $ | (76,611) | $ | 27,007 | $ | (169,308) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 24,594 | 23,768 | 76,896 | 84,836 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 5,107 | 5,497 | 14,830 | 16,409 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition-related expenses | 290 | — | 568 | 363 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | 1,217 | 1,041 | 3,325 | 3,061 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Induced conversion expense | — | 53,889 | — | 53,889 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative assets | — | 2,851 | — | 15,511 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | — | 3,553 | — | 30,784 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring expense | — | 19,996 | (190) | 19,996 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discrete tax items | 6,360 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP net income | $ | 47,762 | $ | 33,984 | $ | 128,796 | $ | 55,541 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense of convertible senior notes (1) | 1,571 | 604 | 4,714 | 1,354 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator for non-GAAP earnings per share calculation | $ | 49,333 | $ | 34,588 | $ | 133,510 | $ | 56,895 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares used in GAAP earnings per share calculation, basic | 62,898,078 | 61,065,157 | 62,389,482 | 60,506,082 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of convertible senior notes (1) | 11,183,611 | 6,960,346 | 11,183,611 | 6,960,346 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of employee equity incentive plans (2) | 455,396 | 873,718 | 652,017 | 1,919,771 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares used in non-GAAP earnings per share calculation, diluted | 74,537,085 | 68,899,221 | 74,225,110 | 69,386,199 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP net income per share: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.76 | $ | 0.56 | $ | 2.06 | $ | 0.92 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.66 | $ | 0.50 | $ | 1.80 | $ | 0.82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) We use the if-converted method to compute diluted earnings per share with respect to our Notes. There was no add-back of interest expense or additional dilutive shares related to the Notes where the effect was anti-dilutive. On an if-converted basis, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the 2025 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes were dilutive. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (2) We use the treasury method to compute the dilutive effect of employee equity incentive plan awards. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28
The following table reconciles GAAP net income (loss) to adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAAP net income (loss) | $ | 16,554 | $ | (76,611) | $ | 27,007 | $ | (169,308) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | (5,571) | (2,545) | (15,512) | (6,000) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 2,837 | 56,515 | 8,180 | 62,005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (2,811) | 4,518 | (681) | 18,093 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 2,952 | 2,082 | 12,415 | 3,545 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense | 2,718 | 3,343 | 8,401 | 10,929 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | 8,520 | 8,306 | 25,056 | 23,599 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 24,594 | 23,768 | 76,896 | 84,836 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition-related expenses | 290 | — | 568 | 363 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | — | 3,553 | — | 30,784 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring expense | — | 19,996 | (190) | 19,996 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 50,083 | $ | 42,925 | $ | 142,140 | $ | 78,842 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table reconciles net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 43,969 | $ | 3,665 | $ | 107,897 | $ | 40,812 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Purchases of property and equipment | (1,342) | (295) | (2,242) | (3,999) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Capitalized internal-use software costs | (4,125) | (3,952) | (10,414) | (13,033) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Free cash flow | $ | 38,502 | $ | (582) | $ | 95,241 | $ | 23,780 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue primarily from selling products and professional services through a variety of delivery models to meet the needs of our diverse customer base.
Product subscriptions
We generate product subscriptions revenue from the sale of (1) cloud-based subscriptions, (2) managed services offerings, which utilize our products and (3) software licenses with related maintenance and support and content subscription, as applicable. Software license revenue consists of revenues from term licenses. When software licenses are purchased, maintenance and support and content subscription, as applicable, are bundled with the license for the term period.
Professional Services
We generate professional service revenue from the sale of deployment and training services related to our products, incident response services and security advisory services.
Cost of Revenue
Our total cost of revenue consists of the costs of product subscriptions and professional services, as noted below. In addition, cost of revenue includes overhead costs for depreciation, facilities, IT, information security, and recruiting. Our IT overhead costs include IT personnel compensation costs and costs associated with our IT infrastructure. All overhead costs are allocated based on relative headcount.
29
Cost of Product Subscriptions
Cost of product subscriptions consists of personnel and related costs for our content, support, managed service and cloud operations teams, including salaries and other payroll related costs, bonuses, stock-based compensation and allocated overhead costs. Also included in cost of products are software license fees, cloud computing costs and internet connectivity expenses directly related to delivering our products, amortization of contract fulfillment costs, as well as amortization of certain intangible assets including internally developed software.
Cost of Professional Services
Cost of professional services consists of personnel and related costs for our professional services team, including salaries and other payroll related costs, bonuses, stock-based compensation, costs of contracted third-party vendors, travel and entertainment expenses and allocated overhead costs.
We expect our cost of revenue to increase on an absolute dollar basis as we continue to grow our revenue.
Gross Margin
Gross margin, or gross profit as a percentage of revenue, has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including the average sales price of our products and services, transaction volume growth, the mix of revenue between software licenses, cloud-based subscriptions, managed services and professional services and changes in cloud computing costs.
We expect our gross margins to fluctuate over time depending on the factors described above.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative expenses and restructuring. Operating expenses include overhead costs for depreciation, facilities, IT, information security and recruiting. Our IT overhead costs include IT personnel compensation costs and costs associated with our IT infrastructure. All overhead costs are allocated based on relative headcount.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense consists of personnel costs for our research and development team, including salaries and other payroll related costs, bonuses and stock-based compensation. Additional expenses include third-party infrastructure costs, travel and entertainment, consulting and professional fees for third-party development resources as well as allocated overhead costs.
We expect research and development expense to decrease as a percentage of total revenue in the near term.
Sales and Marketing Expense
Sales and marketing expense consists of personnel costs for our sales and marketing team, including salaries and other payroll related costs, commissions, including amortization of deferred commissions, bonuses and stock-based compensation. Additional expenses include marketing activities and promotional events, travel and entertainment, training costs, amortization of certain intangible assets and allocated overhead costs.
We expect sales and marketing expense to decrease as a percentage of total revenue in the near term.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense consists of personnel costs for our executive, legal, human resources, and finance and accounting departments, including salaries and other payroll related costs, bonuses and stock-based compensation. Additional expenses include travel and entertainment, professional fees, litigation-related expenses, insurance, acquisition-related expenses, amortization of certain intangible assets and allocated overhead costs.
We expect general and administrative expense to decrease as a percentage of total revenue in the near term.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Impairment of long-lived assets consists of impairment charges allocated to the carrying amount of certain operating right-of-use assets and the associated leasehold improvements when the carrying amounts exceed their respective fair values.
30
Interest Income
Interest income consists primarily of interest income on our cash and cash equivalents and our short and long-term investments.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists primarily of contractual interest expense, amortization of debt issuance costs related to our convertible senior notes and revolving credit facility and induced conversion expense. We expect interest expense in the near term to represent contractual interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our convertible senior notes and revolving credit facility.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consists primarily of the change in fair value of derivative assets and unrealized and realized gains and losses related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes consists of domestic and foreign taxes on income and withholding taxes. We maintain a substantially full valuation allowance for domestic and certain foreign deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits. Based on our history of losses, we expect to maintain this substantially full valuation allowance for the foreseeable future as it is more likely than not that some or all of those deferred tax assets may not be realized.
31
Results of Operations
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | $ | 205,593 | $ | 189,876 | $ | 602,578 | $ | 545,349 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 9,061 | 8,967 | 25,168 | 27,090 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 214,654 | 198,843 | 627,746 | 572,439 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue:(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | 56,653 | 51,261 | 166,290 | 150,597 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 6,364 | 6,569 | 18,478 | 21,396 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | 63,017 | 57,830 | 184,768 | 171,993 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses:(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 44,565 | 39,940 | 125,611 | 137,048 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 74,521 | 75,699 | 225,121 | 239,322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 18,590 | 17,866 | 60,837 | 64,961 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | — | 3,553 | — | 30,784 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | — | 19,996 | — | 19,996 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 137,676 | 157,054 | 411,569 | 492,111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 13,961 | (16,041) | 31,409 | (91,665) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 5,571 | 2,545 | 15,512 | 6,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (2,837) | (56,515) | (8,180) | (62,005) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | 2,811 | (4,518) | 681 | (18,093) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 19,506 | (74,529) | 39,422 | (165,763) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 2,952 | 2,082 | 12,415 | 3,545 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 16,554 | $ | (76,611) | $ | 27,007 | $ | (169,308) | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Cost of revenue and operating expenses include stock-based compensation expense and depreciation and amortization expense as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | 3,001 | $ | 2,527 | $ | 8,707 | $ | 8,348 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 9,535 | 8,436 | 25,698 | 30,575 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 6,823 | 7,106 | 21,182 | 23,087 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 5,235 | 5,699 | 21,309 | 22,826 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 24,594 | $ | 23,768 | $ | 76,896 | $ | 84,836 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | 8,332 | $ | 8,213 | $ | 24,558 | $ | 23,246 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 804 | 1,010 | 2,502 | 3,285 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 1,671 | 1,889 | 5,073 | 6,009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 431 | 537 | 1,324 | 1,988 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total depreciation and amortization expense | $ | 11,238 | $ | 11,649 | $ | 33,457 | $ | 34,528 | |||||||||||||||||||||
32
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenue:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | 95.8 | % | 95.5 | % | 96.0 | % | 95.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | 26.4 | 25.8 | 26.5 | 26.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | 29.4 | 29.1 | 29.4 | 30.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 20.8 | 20.1 | 20.0 | 23.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 34.7 | 38.2 | 35.9 | 41.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 8.6 | 9.0 | 9.7 | 11.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | — | 1.8 | % | — | 5.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | — | 10.1 | % | — | 3.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 64.1 | 79.0 | 65.6 | 86.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 6.5 | (8.1) | 5.0 | (16.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 2.6 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (1.3) | (28.4) | (1.3) | (10.8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | 1.3 | (2.3) | 0.1 | (3.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 9.1 | (37.5) | 6.3 | (29.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 1.4 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 7.7 | % | (38.5) | % | 4.3 | % | (29.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
Revenue
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | $ | 205,593 | $ | 189,876 | $ | 15,717 | 8.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 9,061 | 8,967 | 94 | 1.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 214,654 | $ | 198,843 | $ | 15,811 | 8.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total revenue increased by $15.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 and consisted of a $2.4 million increase in revenue from new customers and a $13.4 million increase in revenue from existing customers. The $13.4 million increase in revenue from existing customers was due to an increase in revenue from renewals, upsells and cross-sells as a result of the continued growth of our existing customer base. Revenue from new customers represents the revenue recognized from the customer's initial purchase.
The increase in total revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 was comprised of $8.5 million generated from sales in North America and $7.3 million generated from sales from the rest of the world.
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Cost of Revenue
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | $ | 56,653 | $ | 51,261 | $ | 5,392 | 10.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 6,364 | 6,569 | (205) | (3.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | $ | 63,017 | $ | 57,830 | $ | 5,187 | 9.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gross margin %: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | 72.4 | % | 73.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 29.8 | % | 26.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross margin % | 70.6 | % | 70.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Total cost of revenue increased by $5.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $4.7 million increase in cloud computing costs related to growing cloud-based subscription and managed services revenue, a $0.6 million increase in amortization expense for capitalized internally-developed software and a $0.8 million increase in other expenses.
Total gross margin percentage decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in product subscriptions gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in cloud computing costs. The increase in professional services gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in personnel costs.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development Expense
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | $ | 44,565 | $ | 39,940 | $ | 4,625 | 11.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 20.8 | % | 20.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Research and development expense increased by $4.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $2.8 million increase in personnel costs, inclusive of a $1.2 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, resulting from an increase in headcount including the employees acquired in the acquisition of Noetic in July 2024, and a $1.8 million increase in other expenses.
Sales and Marketing Expense
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 74,521 | $ | 75,699 | $ | (1,178) | (1.6) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 34.7 | % | 38.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expense decreased by $1.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $3.3 million decrease in personnel costs, inclusive of a $0.3 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, resulting from a decrease in headcount primarily due to our Restructuring Plan, and a $0.2 million decrease in other expenses. These decreases were partially offset by a $2.3 million increase in commission expense.
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General and Administrative Expense
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 18,590 | $ | 17,866 | $ | 724 | 4.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 8.6 | % | 9.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expense increased by $0.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $0.7 million increase in professional fees.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | $ | — | $ | 3,553 | $ | (3,553) | (100.0) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | — | % | 1.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets expense of $3.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 related to an impairment charge recorded after a triggering event related to a change in usage of certain idle office spaces located in Plano Texas, Los Angeles, California and Toronto, Canada indicated that the carrying value of our right of use and other lease-related assets may not be fully recoverable.
Restructuring
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | $ | — | $ | 19,996 | $ | (19,996) | (100.0) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | — | % | 10.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring expense of $20.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 was recorded as a result of restructuring charges consisting of employee transition, notice period and severance payments and employee benefits and related facilitation costs related to our Restructuring Plan. Refer to Note 15, Restructuring, in the Notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further details on our Restructuring Plan.
Interest Income
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 5,571 | $ | 2,545 | $ | 3,026 | 118.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 2.6 | % | 1.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest income increased by $3.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to higher interest income as a result of an increase in cash and cash equivalents and investments.
Interest Expense
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | (2,837) | $ | (56,515) | $ | 53,678 | (95.0) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | (1.3) | % | (28.4) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
35
Interest expense decreased in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to $53.9 million of induced conversion expense incurred in the third quarter of 2023 in conjunction with the partial repurchase of the 2025 Notes.
Other Income (Expense), Net
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | $ | 2,811 | $ | (4,518) | $ | 7,329 | (162.2) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 1.3 | % | (2.3) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net increased by $7.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to increases in realized and unrealized foreign currency gains, primarily related to the Euro and British Pound Sterling, partially offset by $2.9 million of expense for the change in fair value on derivative assets related to our 2023 capped calls settlement in the prior period.
Provision for Income Taxes
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 2,952 | $ | 2,082 | $ | 870 | 41.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 1.4 | % | 1.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes increased by $0.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to an increase in taxes associated with our international operations.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
Revenue
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | $ | 602,578 | $ | 545,349 | $ | 57,229 | 10.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 25,168 | 27,090 | (1,922) | (7.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 627,746 | $ | 572,439 | $ | 55,307 | 9.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total revenue increased by $55.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 and consisted of a $5.9 million increase in revenue from new customers and a $49.4 million increase in revenue from existing customers. The $49.4 million increase in revenue from existing customers was due to an increase in revenue from renewals, upsells and cross-sells as a result of the continued growth of our existing customer base. Revenue from new customers represents the revenue recognized from the customer's initial purchase.
The increase in total revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 was comprised of $31.6 million generated from sales in North America and $23.7 million generated from sales from the rest of the world.
36
Cost of Revenue
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product subscriptions | $ | 166,290 | $ | 150,597 | $ | 15,693 | 10.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 18,478 | 21,396 | (2,918) | (13.6) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | $ | 184,768 | $ | 171,993 | $ | 12,775 | 7.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gross margin %: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Products | 72.4 | % | 72.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 26.6 | % | 21.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross margin % | 70.6 | % | 70.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Total cost of revenue increased by $12.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $15.8 million increase in cloud computing costs related to growing cloud-based subscription and managed services revenue, a $3.0 million increase in amortization expense for capitalized internally-developed software and a $0.4 million increase in other expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $6.4 million decrease in personnel costs resulting from a decrease in headcount primarily due to our Restructuring Plan.
Total gross margin percentage increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The gross margin percentage for product subscriptions was consistent in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in professional services gross margin in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in personnel costs.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development Expense
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | $ | 125,611 | $ | 137,048 | $ | (11,437) | (8.3) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 20.0 | % | 23.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Research and development expense decreased by $11.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $10.8 million decrease in personnel costs, inclusive of a $4.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, resulting from an overall decrease in headcount, primarily due to our Restructuring Plan, and a $3.0 million decrease due to a write-off of a capitalized internal-use software project in the prior period. These decreases were partially offset by a $2.4 million increase in other expenses.
Sales and Marketing Expense
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 225,121 | $ | 239,322 | $ | (14,201) | (5.9) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 35.9 | % | 41.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expense decreased by $14.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $15.7 million decrease in personnel costs, inclusive of a $1.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, resulting from an overall decrease in headcount primarily due to our Restructuring Plan, a $1.7 million decrease in marketing and advertising expenses and a $3.6 million decrease in other expenses. These decreases were partially offset by a $6.8 million increase in commission expense.
37
General and Administrative Expense
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 60,837 | $ | 64,961 | $ | (4,124) | (6.3) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 9.7 | % | 11.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expense decreased by $4.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $3.5 million decrease in personnel costs, inclusive of a $1.4 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, resulting from a decrease in headcount primarily due to our Restructuring Plan, a $1.6 million decrease in professional fees and a $0.4 million decrease in other expenses.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | $ | — | $ | 30,784 | $ | (30,784) | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | — | % | 5.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets expense of $30.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was recorded after a triggering event related to a change in usage of certain idle office space at our corporate headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts as well as idle office spaces located in Plano, Texas, Los Angeles, California and Toronto, Canada indicated that the carrying value of our right of use and other lease-related assets may not be fully recoverable.
Restructuring
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring | $ | — | $ | 19,996 | $ | (19,996) | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | — | % | 3.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring expense of $20.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was recorded as a result of restructuring charges consisting of employee transition, notice period and severance payments and employee benefits and related facilitation costs related to our Restructuring Plan. Refer to Note 15, Restructuring, in the Notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further details on our Restructuring Plan.
Interest Income
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 15,512 | $ | 6,000 | $ | 9,512 | 158.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 2.5 | % | 1.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest income increased by $9.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher interest income as a result of an increase in cash and cash equivalents and investments.
38
Interest Expense
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | (8,180) | $ | (62,005) | $ | 53,825 | (86.8) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | (1.3) | % | (10.8) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to $53.9 million of induced conversion expense incurred in the third quarter of 2023 in conjunction with the partial repurchase of the 2025 Notes.
Other Income (Expense), Net
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | $ | 681 | $ | (18,093) | $ | 18,774 | (103.8) | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 0.1 | % | (3.2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net increased by $18.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $15.5 million expense for the change in fair value on derivative assets related to our 2023 capped calls settlement in the prior period as well as increases in realized and unrealized foreign currency gains, primarily related to the Euro and British Pound Sterling.
Provision for Income Taxes
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 12,415 | $ | 3,545 | $ | 8,870 | 250.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 2.0 | % | 0.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes increased by $8.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to $6.4 million of tax expense recorded for an intercompany sale of intellectual property as part of post-acquisition strategy related to the acquisition of Minerva Lab Ltd. and a $2.5 million increase in domestic and international taxes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2024, we had $222.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, $281.5 million in investments that have maturities ranging from one to twenty months and an accumulated deficit of $1.0 billion. Since our inception, we have generated significant losses and we may generate losses for the foreseeable future. Our principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, investments, cash flow provided by operating activities and our Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). To date, we have financed our operations primarily through private and public equity financings, issuance of convertible senior notes and through cash generated by operating activities.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, our investments, our available borrowings under our Credit Agreement and cash generated by operating activities will be sufficient to meet our operating and capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our foreseeable cash needs, in addition to our recurring operating expenses, include our expected capital expenditures to support expansion of our infrastructure and workforce, office facilities lease obligations, purchase commitments, including our cloud infrastructure services (including with Amazon Web Services (“AWS”)), potential future acquisitions of technology businesses and any election we make to redeem our convertible senior notes.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support research and development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, particularly internationally, the introduction of new and enhanced products and service offerings, the cost of any future acquisitions of technology or businesses and any election we make to redeem our convertible senior notes. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may be unable to raise the funds on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
39
Cash Flows
The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | $ | 214,130 | $ | 207,804 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 107,897 | 40,812 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (99,488) | (145,186) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 6,799 | 81,795 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effects of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 770 | (2,010) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 230,108 | $ | 183,215 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Uses of Funds
Our historical uses of cash have primarily consisted of cash used for operating activities such as expansion of our sales and marketing operations, research and development activities and other working capital needs, as well as cash used for business acquisitions and purchases of property and equipment, including leasehold improvements for our facilities.
Operating Activities
Operating activities provided $107.9 million of cash and cash equivalents in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which reflects continued growth in revenue partially offset by our continued investments in our operations and the timing of working capital adjustments. Cash provided by operating activities reflected our net income of $27.0 million and non-cash charges of $111.0 million related primarily to depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, deferred income taxes, amortization of debt issuance costs and other non-cash charges, partially offset by a decrease in our net operating assets and liabilities of $30.1 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in deferred revenue and the timing of payments of operating expenses, including payout of annual bonuses and year-end commissions and other compensation costs and accounts payable, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable due to an increase in cash collections from our customers.
Operating activities provided $40.8 million of cash and cash equivalents in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which reflects continued growth in revenue partially offset by our continued investments in our operations and the timing of working capital adjustments. Cash provided by operating activities reflected our net loss of $169.3 million and non-cash charges of $228.2 million related primarily to depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, impairment of long-lived assets, change in fair value of derivative assets, amortization of debt issuance costs and other non-cash charges, partially offset by a decrease in our net operating assets and liabilities of $18.1 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $18.0 million decrease in accrued expenses, primarily as a result of the payout of annual bonuses and year-end commissions, a $6.4 million decrease in deferred revenue, a $1.2 million decrease in accounts payable, a $0.9 million decrease in other liabilities and a $9.5 million increase in deferred contract acquisition and fulfillment costs, which each had a negative impact on operating cash flow. These factors were offset by a $12.4 million decrease in accounts receivable due to an increase in collections, and a $5.5 million decrease in prepaid expenses, which each had a positive impact on operating cash flow.
Investing Activities
Investing activities used $99.5 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, consisting of $49.9 million in purchases of investments, net of sales/maturities, $37.2 million of cash paid for the acquisition of Noetic, $10.4 million for capitalization of internal-use software costs, and $2.2 million in capital expenditures to purchase computer equipment and leasehold improvements, partially offset by proceeds of $0.4 million for other investing activities.
Investing activities used $145.2 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, consisting of $93.4 million in purchases of investments, net of sales and maturities, $34.8 million of cash paid for the acquisition of Minerva, $13.0 million for capitalization of internal-use software costs and $4.0 million in capital expenditures to purchase computer equipment and leasehold improvements.
40
Financing Activities
Financing activities provided $6.8 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which consisted primarily of $9.2 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock purchased by employees under the Rapid7, Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and $1.4 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options, partially offset by $3.8 million in withholding taxes paid for the net share settlement of equity awards.
Financing activities provided $81.8 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which consisted primarily of $292.8 million in proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes, net of issuance costs paid of $7.2 million, $17.5 million in proceeds from the settlement of the 2023 Capped Calls, $11.3 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock purchased by employees under the ESPP and $3.0 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options, partially offset by $200.0 million for the repurchase and conversion of the 2025 Notes, $36.6 million for the purchase of the 2029 Capped Calls, $4.0 million in withholding taxes paid for the net share settlement of equity awards and $2.2 million in payments related to the acquisition of IntSights.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
As of September 30, 2024, there were no additional material changes from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024 (the “Annual Report”).
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. We do not engage in off-balance sheet financing arrangements. In addition, we do not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts. We therefore believe that we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these relationships.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and disclosures. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in our Annual Report.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. A majority of our customers enter into contracts that are denominated in U.S. dollars. Our expenses are generally denominated in the currencies of the countries where our operations are located, which is primarily in the United States and to a lesser extent in the United Kingdom, other Euro-zone countries within mainland Europe, Canada, Australia, Israel, Singapore and Japan. Our results of operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The effect of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates on monetary assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 would not have been material to our financial condition or results of operations. We enter into forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain of our foreign currency denominated expenditures. The effectiveness of our existing hedging transactions and the availability and effectiveness of any hedging transactions we may decide to enter into in the future may be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure, which could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. For further information, see Note 9, Derivatives and Hedging Activities, in the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in foreign currency rates.
Interest Rate Risk
As of September 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $222.6 million consisting of bank deposits and money market funds and investments of $281.5 million consisting of U.S. government agencies. Our investments are made for capital preservation purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.
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Our cash and cash equivalents and investments are subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates, which may affect our interest income and the fair value of our investments. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fluctuate due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates. However, because we classify our investments as available-for-sale securities, no gains or losses are recognized due to the changes in interest rates unless securities are sold prior to maturity or declines in fair value are determined to be other-than-temporary.
The fair values of our convertible senior notes are subject to interest rate risk, market risk and other factors due to the conversion features of the notes. The fair values of the convertible senior notes may increase or decrease for various reasons, including fluctuations in the market price of our common stock, fluctuations in market interest rates and fluctuations in general economic conditions. The interest and market value changes affect the fair values of the convertible senior notes but do not impact our financial position, cash flows or results of operations due to the fixed nature of the debt obligation. Based upon the quoted market price as of September 30, 2024, the fair values of our 2025 Notes, 2027 Notes and 2029 Notes were $45.1 million, $547.1 million and $281.9 million, respectively.
As of September 30, 2024, the effect of a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in interest rates would not have had a material impact on our financial statements.
Inflation Risk
As of September 30, 2024, we do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Inherent Limitations of Internal Controls
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we are a party to litigation or subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Except as follows below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 26, 2024 (the “Annual Report”) and in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on August 7, 2024 (the “Q2 Quarterly Report”). Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties that, if they materialize, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report and Q2 Quarterly Report. We may disclose additional changes to risk factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business.
Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders or others.
We may be subject to actions or proposals from stockholders or others that may not align with our business strategies or the interests of our other stockholders. Such activist stockholders frequently propose to involve themselves in the governance, strategic direction and operations of companies, including companies' efforts regarding environmental, sustainability and governance standards. For example, JANA Partners Management, LP, an activist investor, has reported, as of September 2024 that it holds an approximate 5.8% beneficial ownership interest in our outstanding common stock. Responding to actions from activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our business and operations, and divert the attention of our board of directors, management, and employees from the pursuit of our business strategies. Such activities could interfere with our ability to execute our strategic plan. Activist stockholders or others may create perceived uncertainties as to the future direction of our business or strategy which may be exploited by our competitors and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and potential customers, and may affect our relationships with current customers, vendors, investors, and other third parties. In addition, a proxy contest for the election of directors at our annual meeting would require us to incur significant legal fees and proxy solicitation expenses and require significant time and attention by management and our board of directors. The perceived uncertainties as to our future direction also could affect the market price and volatility of our securities.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(a) Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities
None.
(b) Use of Proceeds from Initial Public Offering of Common Stock
None.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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Item 5. Other Information.
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans and Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
Certain of our executive officers and directors may execute purchases and sales of our securities through Rule 10b5-1 equity trading plans and “non-Rule 10b5-1 equity trading arrangements” (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the executive officers set forth below terminated or modified a 10b5-1 equity trading plan, or adopted , terminated
| Name and Position | Action | Adoption or Transaction Date | Type of Trading Arrangement | Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Sold | Expiration Date | ||||||||||||
| Rule 10b5-1* | |||||||||||||||||
| Rule 10b5-1* | |||||||||||||||||
(1) Mr. Thomas' plan includes the sale of 8,620 shares that were gifted to Ancore Foundation, Inc., a charitable foundation of which Mr. Thomas is a director.
* Contract, instruction or written plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act.
** Represents the maximum number of shares that may be sold pursuant to the Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement in amounts and prices determined in accordance with a formula set forth in the plan. The actual number of shares sold will be dependent on the satisfaction of certain conditions as set forth in the written plan.
*** The Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement will terminate on the earlier of the date all the shares under the plan are sold and the
expiration date indicated, subject to early termination for specified events set forth in the plan.
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, other than noted above, none of our executive officers or directors terminated or modified a 10b5-1 equity trading plan, or adopted, terminated, or modified any “non-Rule 10b5-1 equity trading arrangement”.
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Item 6. Exhibits.
| Exhibit Number | Description | ||||||||||
| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Rapid7, Inc., as of June 3, 2020 (incorporated by reference Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-37496), filed on August 10, 2020). | ||||||||||
| 3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Rapid7, Inc., as of June 3, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-37496), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 10, 2020). | ||||||||||
| 31.1* | |||||||||||
| 31.2* | |||||||||||
| 32.1** | |||||||||||
| 32.2** | |||||||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document. | ||||||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | ||||||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | ||||||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | ||||||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | ||||||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | ||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data file (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101) | ||||||||||
| * | Filed herewith. | ||||
| ** | This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. | ||||
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| RAPID7, INC. | |||||||||||
Date: November 7, 2024 | By: | /s/ Corey E. Thomas | |||||||||
Name: Corey E. Thomas | |||||||||||
Title: Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||
Date: November 7, 2024 | By: | /s/ Tim Adams | |||||||||
Name: Tim Adams | |||||||||||
Title: Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||
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Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Corey E. Thomas, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rapid7, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: November 7, 2024 | By: | /s/ Corey E. Thomas | |||||||||||||||
Name: Corey E. Thomas | |||||||||||||||||
Title: Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||||||||
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Tim Adams, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rapid7, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: November 7, 2024 | By: | /s/ Tim Adams | |||||||||||||||
Name: Tim Adams | |||||||||||||||||
Title: Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||||||||
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Corey E. Thomas, Chief Executive Officer of Rapid7, Inc., do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge, the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rapid7, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 (the “Report”):
(1)fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Rapid7, Inc. for the period presented herein.
Date: November 7, 2024 | By: | /s/ Corey E. Thomas | |||||||||||||||
Name: Corey E. Thomas | |||||||||||||||||
Title: Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||||||||
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Tim Adams, Chief Financial Officer of Rapid7, Inc., do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge, the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rapid7, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 (the “Report”):
(1)fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Rapid7, Inc. for the period presented herein.
| Date: November 7, 2024 | By: | /s/ Tim Adams | |||||||||||||||
Name: Tim Adams | |||||||||||||||||
Title: Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||||||||