Staar Surgical Co Q4 FY2026 Earnings Call

Good day and welcome to the Star Surgical Company 4th Quarter 2025 Financial Results Conference Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star, then 1 on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, please press star, then 2. Please note, this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Connie Johnson, Director, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Operator. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us. On the call today are Warren Boust, Interim Co-CEO, President and Chief Operating Officer of Star Surgical, and Deborah Andrews, Interim Co-CEO and Chief Financial Officer of Star Surgical. Earlier today, we reported our fourth quarter in fiscal 2025 results via press release in Form 8K. We posted our results, release, and shareholder letter to our investor website at investors.star.com. Today's call is scheduled for one hour and will include Q&A for publishing analysts. Webcast participants can also send questions for today's Q&A session to ir.star.com. Before we get started, I want to remind you that during today's discussion, we will be making forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. I encourage you to read the disclaimers in today's release, the shareholder letter, as well as disclosures in our filings with the SEC. Except as required by law, STAR assumes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect future events or actual outcomes. In addition, during today's discussion, we will reference certain non-GAAP financial measures including adjusted EBITDA and constant currency sales. Please refer to today's release for definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP metrics. For brevity, unless otherwise specified, all comparisons on today's call will be on a year-over-year basis versus the relevant period. Finally, a quick reminder. We intend to use our website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Such disclosures will be included on our website in the Investor Relations section. Accordingly, investors should monitor our investor website in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings, and public conference calls and webcasts. And with that, I'd like to turn the presentation over to the Interim Co-CEO, Warren Faust.

Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us. Debra and I are pleased to be with you today on our first quarterly results call as interim co-CEOs. Before we dive in, I'd like to address our leadership structure. Debra and I stepped into the shared role of co-CEOs effective February 1st, and we are jointly leading the organization on an interim basis. We bring continuity to this transition. Debra and I have worked very closely and collaboratively over the past year in our roles as Chief Financial Officer and President and Chief Operating Officer, respectively, and that partnership has positioned us well for this next chapter. We complement each other's capabilities and areas of expertise, and we are aligned on both priorities and execution. STARS Board of Directors has engaged Agon Zender, a leading global executive search and leadership advisory firm, to conduct the search for STARS' next Chief Executive Officer. The search will include both internal and external candidates. 2025 was a difficult year of transition for STAR. We expect 2026 to be a much better year, a year of growth, improving profitability, and meaningful progress across our innovation pipeline, all of which we plan to discuss on today's call. As Connie indicated, along with today's results release, we have issued a shareholder letter that provides commentary on 2025 and discusses our plans and approach for 2026. Debra and I have the benefit of being deeply familiar with and embedded in the operations of STAR. We are working with our teams to evaluate our portfolio and roadmap after a period of uncertainty, setting clear expectations on both operational front and in terms of financial performance in order to unlock the power of our 2026 growth, profit, and innovation plan. We are encouraged by the start of 2026. The team is energized and productive. Days are filled with customer engagements, distributor meetings, internal town halls, leadership alignment sessions, and global commercial kickoffs focused on clinical training, commercial readiness, sales effectiveness, and message discipline. Our teams are excited because across most markets, refractive surgery continues to move toward lens-based procedures and away from laser vision correction procedures that require corneal tissue removal. EVO ICL continues to gain share even as the broader laser vision correction market struggles. Consequently, Star remains well positioned to re-accelerate growth in existing markets and unlock opportunities with our new product offerings. In China, our largest market, after several years of macroeconomic volatility driven by COVID, housing market weakness, and uneven consumer spending conditions stabilized in 2025 as policy support increased and the stock market rose sharply. In-market EVO ICL demand recovered at mid-single-digit rates and procedures improved as we exited the year. This recovery did not translate into China net sales growth for Star in 2025 as our distributors reduced inventory levels, but it does provide us with optimism about 2026. Market conditions in China appear to be positioned for a rebound, which will help drive growth for STAR. Outside China, we also have reason to be optimistic about STAR's future growth. We are seeing momentum in our U.S. business despite the ongoing decline in laser vision correction procedures. And with our recently announced expanded age range indication for EVO in the United States, which is now approved for myopia treatment in adults aged 21 to 60, our opportunity is even bigger. This expanded indication equates to roughly 8 million more potential candidates for EVO in the United States. And our EVO labeling are helping fuel our growth in other parts of the world as well. For example, in Brazil, EVO had previously been approved for use down to minus six diopters and can now be used for treatment of myopia down to minus 0.5 diopters. Our growth remains steady across the Americas, and we expect to see additional expansion in Canada in 2026. In 2025, we went direct in Canada, and while the team is small, our efforts there are already paying off. In 2026, we are targeting solid growth of Evo in EMEA and in our Asia-Pacific markets, such as Japan, Korea, and India. India, in particular, where we're laying a foundation, represents a growing opportunity for us as its economy is growing quickly and a rising portion of its population can afford refractive surgery. We're also excited about the market opportunities in Taiwan, where we've received regulatory approval in 2025. In terms of profitability, we made a lot of progress in 2025, and profitability will continue to be a focus in 2026. In 2025, we took costs out and reduced our annualized adjusted operating expense run rate, and we beat our second half $225 million target communicated to investors back in Q1 2025. As revenue grows, we expect cost discipline to drive operating leverage. We are focused on enterprise-wide impacts, not isolated improvements, and on new ways of working that increase the velocity of decision-making so actions can translate more quickly into results and returns. This attention comes from reducing costs enterprise-wide, but it also comes from disciplined investing. We are focused on opportunities big and small, including manufacturing and infrastructure improvements, and we continually look for margin improvement opportunities in our sales and distribution network. We also believe that optimizing ASPs can contribute to increased profitability, We are allocating capital where it makes the greatest impact, the right programs in the right markets, supported by the right people and infrastructure. To that point, we are in the final stages of our Oracle ERP implementation, which will modernize the way we operate enterprise-wide. Full deployment is expected early in the second half of the year. Alongside ERP, we are advancing Stella, our next-generation online sizing and ordering platform, which reduces friction in the adoption of EVOICL technology. We are also advancing additional IT initiatives spanning from manufacturing process improvements to Salesforce enablement. We believe these investments will not only benefit our surgeons, customers, and patients, but will drive efficiency and profitability across the organization. Our 2026 Growth, Profit, and Innovation Plan also reflects a renewed focus on innovation. I'm proud to report that we have launched Evo Plus in China, and we are progressing with our rollout plan. we scale Swiss manufacturing to meet demand. EvoPlus represents our first new lens in China in more than a decade. Early demand has been encouraging, and we are working to increase supply as production scales. Over time, we expect higher ASPs and margin expansion from EvoPlus in China. In 2026, we are also expanding the commercial availability of the Lioli injector for EvoICL procedures. The Lioli injector has been well-established in the United States, and we are pleased to bring this new injector option to our surgeons in EMEA. We are excited about these near-term launches, but we are also focused on our pipeline for the longer term. We are building new capabilities, and our teams are establishing clear milestones and timelines for future advancements, as well as the operational discipline and accountability required to stay on track in a rapidly evolving market. Before I hand things over to Debra, I think it's important to recognize that 2025 is now in the rearview mirror and the disruption associated with our proposed merger with Alcon is behind us. Our shareholders have spoken, supporting a long-term approach, and we are listening to them, embracing the opportunities for Star as a standalone company. We firmly believe that Star has everything it takes to deliver on our growth, profitability, and innovation goals. We have superior technology. Our differentiated column or material is the foundation for our EVO technology and is unmatched in the market. Only STAR has 40-plus years of history treating myopia with our innovative lens-based procedure. And the myopia and dry eye disease epidemics are only getting worse. We have trusted relationships with our partners. The STAR surgeon community is passionate about EVO ICLs and bringing the benefits of lens-based vision correction without corneal tissue removal to their patients. The power of this devoted customer base is real and tangible. We have a talented team. Our dedicated employees and the STAR leadership team are aligned, focused, and have the capabilities to execute our goals and objectives and drive stockholder value creation. Now, I would like to turn things over to my co-CEO, Deborah, for additional commentary and to discuss our financial results. Deborah?

Thank you, Warren. I'm pleased to join you on today's call, and I'm proud to lead the STAR organization with you as co-CEO. As Warren said, we took a number of steps in 2025 to reduce our costs and improve our profitability. A key activity in 2025 was addressing our China inventory to position STAR for future growth. Our most significant operational challenge in 2025 was working through rebalancing product inventory in China following weakened demand in 2024. That year saw a double-digit decline in in-market EVO ICL sales and elevated inventory levels. In response, we deliberately paused shipments, normalized channel inventory, and strengthened distributor discipline. These actions were painful but necessary. By late 2025, inventory held by our distributor customers in China had declined to contractual levels, in-market sales and procedures improved, and business momentum began to return. As previously discussed, our December 2024 China shipment contributed to elevated inventory levels. This $27.5 million shipment was consumed during fiscal 2025, and by the end of Q3, we had fully recognized the revenue associated with the December 2024 China shipment. During much of this period, STAR did not have complete visibility into downstream inventory levels or actual EVO ICL procedure volumes. Over the past year, we have invested time and effort in more comprehensive data processes and analyses that now provide improved and still evolving insight into inventories across the channel. While this work is ongoing, our visibility has improved materially and will continue to strengthen. Let me briefly touch base on how we were able to respond quickly in 2025 when rising China-US tariffs created additional headwinds for our business. We were able to mitigate near-term exposure by deploying temporary consignment inventory and leveraging existing inventory while accelerating manufacturing expansion in Edos, Switzerland. Our Swiss facility is now producing commercial product and is focused on EVO Plus for China. Products manufactured in Switzerland are not subject to U.S.-China tariffs, which will be a benefit in the near term as we roll out EVO Plus in China. We believe Swiss manufacturing can be a long-term benefit as we look to manufacture EVO and EVO Plus for China in the future. Swiss manufacturing not only helps mitigate tariff exposure, but it provides flexibility and scale to support sustained growth and significantly strengthens our long-term supply chain resilience. Now I'd like to turn to fourth quarter results. Our start with fourth quarter sales performance, then margins, profitability, and cash. Total net sales for the quarter were $57.8 million, as compared to $49 million in the year-ago quarter, driven by a lower-than-expected rebound in sales in China, partially offset by growth in Americas and non-China APAC regions. China net sales were $17.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2025, as compared to $7.8 million in the year-ago quarter. During the quarter, certain China sub-distributors and customers returned some inventory to our distributors, resulting in lower-than-anticipated fourth-quarter net sales for Star. We believe this was largely due to uncertainties about their future if the company were acquired by Alcon. This uncertainty also impacted sales to distributors in other parts of the world. While these disruptions depressed our fourth quarter results, we believe that reduced distributor inventories will lead to improved net sales for STAR in 2026 and beyond. Excluding China, net sales declined by 2% year-over-year, with the Americas up 18% in the fourth quarter, EMEA down 20% in the fourth quarter, driven by a distributor transition in the Middle East, and distributor dynamics across the region due to the proposed Alcon merger, and APAC ex-China of 2% in the fourth quarter. Turning to margins, gross profit margin for the fourth quarter of 2025 was 75.7% of total net sales compared to the prior year quarter of 64.7% of total – the increase in the timing of the recognition of the cost of sales associated with the December 2024 China shipment, decreased period costs resulting from cost reductions implemented in the first quarter of 2025, and the ramp-up of Swiss manufacturing partially offset by higher inventory provisions. Total operating expenses for the fourth quarter of 2025 were 66 terminated merger transaction with Balcon of $11.2 million and costs related to restructuring of $0.7 million. Excluding the costs related to the merger and restructuring, operating expenses for the fourth quarter of 2025 were $54.7 million, a reduction of 8.2% from the prior year quarter. Our 2025 cost margins, our operating margin has the potential adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter of 2025 was a loss of $200,000 as compared to a loss of $20.8 million in improvement and adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to higher gross profit and lower operating expenses before merger and restructuring expel sheet, we ended the quarter with approximately $187.5 million in cash, cash equivalents, and investments available for sale, a level of cash, significant restructuring and merger-related expenses. Star has no debt. As we look ahead to 2026, we are not providing financial guidance. However, we do want to provide some color commentary as to how we think 2026 will increase our sales in 2026 compared to 2025, significant cost reductions in 2025. We are targeting profitability in FY26. Profitability, Warren 26. Manufacturing facility is sold in 26. Operating expense, operating expense, 125 million target. We communicated to investors back in Q1, half of the year. I'll back over to Warren.

To summarize our transition, 2026 is about execution. We have stabilized China, manufacturing, polymer material, exceptional optical technology, and a proven ability to gain market share in a very large and growing myopia market. We are moving quickly to ensure every employee understands our growth, profit, and innovation focus and carries measurable goals tied directly to execution. Our people are talented and highly capable. We recognize change can be difficult, but it's also exciting and filled with promise and opportunity. We are working to reignite the organization around sustained long-term growth. Our board and leadership team are aligned, our strategy is clear, and our focus is disciplined execution and long-term shareholder value creation. We are energized by what lies ahead and confident in our path forward. Thank you for your continued support. Operator, we'll now take questions.

Thank you. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then two. We ask that you please limit yourself to two questions. The first question comes from Tom Stefan with CFO. Please go ahead.

Thanks for taking the questions. First one, just on distributor inventory, Warren, have the reductions continued into the first quarter or has that stabilized now that Alcon is behind you? And, you know, with that in mind, can you give us any guardrails for how to think about the first quarter and revenues maybe compared to the $77 million in 1Q24? We're here in March. I actually think Chinese New Year ended today. So just any comments on 1Q Revenue as well would be helpful. And then I have a follow-up.

Yeah, hey, Tom, thanks for the question, and great to hear your voice. Look, we're really pleased with the progress we've made on inventory management. I actually love the progress and the oversight. We've got a new leader based there in Asia Pacific in China. This is a highly skilled, deeply experienced senior VP who's joined us, who's helping with that process. We're looking at inventory on a weekly basis, so we understand much better than we used to. It'll never be perfect, but we understand it much better than we did. So we watched at the end of 2025 inventory get cooled down all the way below or right at contractual levels as we exited 2025. And we continue to see really stable inventory levels at our distributor. In fact, we're a little bit below the six-month contractual level that we referenced before. So inventory is in a good place. We feel like we're ready now as the market starts to come back and we see what what the market's going to bring. So that's on inventory. And then as far as just the Q1, you heard Deborah's comments. We're obviously not going to provide guidance. But what we would say is we're pleased with how 25 ended in China in market. 2024 was a really challenging year. That was, we believe, double digit decline in in market demand, which in 2025 rebounded to a nice sort of mid-single-digit level, and we think that we're going to experience that as we exit the 25 into 26. So we maintain optimism.

Got it. That's great. And then just my follow-up, more thematic and taking a step back, Warren or Deborah, maybe if you can spend some time just discussing sort of the health of the organization today and how it compares to pre-Alcon. I'm sort of curious if this is any sort of consideration, positive or negative, in the near term or long term as we think about the path forward for the company. Thanks for taking the questions.

Yeah, it's a good one. And I'll start, and maybe Deborah can join us, because I think she's done a lot in 2025 on the financial side to really get us into a healthy place. You'll remember that we let expenses spiral out of control in advance of the Alcon merger agreement. And we really got control of that starting in the Q1 2025 time frame. And so I think as we went through the year, despite what was going on with the disruption, and there was a lot of disruption, particularly in the Q4 time frame, we can talk about that. But we got our expenses in line, and we've carried that discipline now through 2025, and we believe into 2026. And that's our plan, is to make sure we maintain that discipline. So I think from a cost management standpoint, that's great. Now it's about restoring revenue. You heard us talk about this three-pronged approach. Let's grow our revenue. Let's expand our profit margin. And then we have to accelerate our innovation. And we've got the organization, what we believe, even early in our new roles, aligned around those three focal points. So I think what you would find is post-Alcon transaction, we have a very aligned board. The board and the management team, we all want the same thing. We want growth and profitability. the organization I think is happy to be past the disruption and so now it's about can we go out and execute and I believe that we have the talented team to lead us to do that thanks again you bet the next question comes from Ryan Zimmerman with BTIG please go ahead hi Deborah Warren this is Izzy on for Ryan thanks for taking the questions so to start out I appreciate that you're not guiding for 2026, and I heard your comment there to Tom, but I just wanted to ask or maybe push a

little bit more. So if we think about how China saw in-market demand up mid-single digits, but the rest of the business was down, I think you said about 2% outside of China. Curious if low single digits is a good place for 2026 collectively. Any commentary on growth you can qualitatively would be super helpful as we start to think about our models.

Thanks for the question, Izzy. Is the question – I'll make sure I understand. Is the question that the 2% we saw in the quarter ex-China, is it a question around ex-China or is it something else?

So as we think about the balance of the company, right, weighing what we've seen in China versus what you're doing in the rest of the world collectively, do you think low single digits is a good place to be or something that could be achievable for 2026 as four stars?

Got it. I think it's a good question. Look, I think 2025 needs a little context, particularly in Q4. There's a lot of disruption, and we watched our distributor partners all around the world, not just in Asia. We watched our distributor partners make decisions around what are they going to do with inventory. Imagine being a distributor facing into what you believe is going to be a transaction and likely thinking you're going to lose your job, you're going to skinny your inventory down. You're likely going to stop investing in some of the key things that might drive revenue to your company and so on. So we saw all of those things happen, particularly in Europe, where you see the European number pretty soft for Q4. We think those things are largely influenced by that disruption and that disruption is behind us now. And so we're still optimistic as we've ever been around ex-China business being able to continue to grow. Clearly surgeons are moving away from LASIK and taking steps in the direction of lens-based refractive surgery. Choosing Colomer, which has been around for 30 years, we're the only one in the FACIC IOL business that's been there. They're choosing ICLs and so we're seeing that momentum continue. We think in China and we think ex-China that we're going to be able to continue that momentum. As you mentioned, we're not guiding on what we think that number is going to be, but we're pleased with where we are.

Got it. Thank you. And as we think about the distributor dynamics, can you elaborate a little bit more about the specific structural changes that you've put into place with those agreements, particularly in China, that'll prevent us from seeing any form of inventory buildups similar to what we saw in 24 and 25? Thanks for taking the questions.

You bet. And look, as I mentioned before, it's never going to be perfect. And so I don't want to pretend that we know everything about China all the way down through the different layers of sub-distribution, first tier, second tier, holding companies for the hospitals, and then out into the vast number of hospitals in China. What I would suggest to you is we have a lot better process around it now. We see those numbers weekly. We understand what the number, the shipments that go from our distributors downstream into the distribution network and the returns that come against them. Therefore, we have a, it's a proxy for net sales. It's not, it's not a true net sales number, but as the inventory levels have now right-sized in China, we now feel like we've got a good proxy for what in-market demand looks like.

The next question comes from Brad Bowers with Mizuho. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks for taking the questions from Anthony and I. Just wanted to ask the first one, maybe on China, you know, historically 2Q, busy season. You know, obviously that was obscured last year because of the distributor dynamics. But wanted to hear about, you know, how we should be modeling 2Q. Is the seasonality still expected? And, you know, are there any early reads of that momentum that we typically see will be seeing again this year in China?

Hi, this is Deborah. You know, we do expect that, you know, from a seasonality standpoint, that Q2 and Q3 will continue to be very strong for SAR in 2026, as it has been historically. So don't expect significant changes in that area.

Okay, that's helpful. And then maybe just a high-level one, just how we should be thinking about prioritization, you know, U.S. growth versus China growth. You know, obviously, historically, China has been a ballast of the business. You know, how should we be thinking about getting back towards that versus, you know, accelerating some of the U.S. businesses and, again, the prioritization of each?

Yeah, so it's a good question. Look, we're proud of the progress we're making in the U.S. We continue to see success. So you saw us right-size our cost structure last year. Some of that was relative to the U.S. business itself. Some of it was just global footprint because a lot of our headquarters, certainly our headquarters, but a lot of our infrastructure is U.S. based. So you saw us tone that down and still have nice double digit growth in the U.S. And so it's just a smaller business relative to the bigger business outside of the U.S., particularly China, of course, Japan, our second, and Korea and Southeast Asia, India representing big opportunity, not to mention what we do in Europe. And so we'll continue to invest along with our customers that invest in Evo ICL. We'll do that in the United States. We'll do it outside of the United States as customers are interested in partnering with us. Again, we're seeing surgeons and our customers, we're seeing patients ask for alternatives to laser vision correction that requires corneal tissue removal. They're moving toward the lens-based option that's reversible. And so we're seeing that, and as customers share that with their potential patients, then we'll partner with them and we'll put our investments there. But China is the biggest opportunity for us. It remains that way. We'll continue to double and triple down there.

The next question comes from Simran Kaur with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the questions here. I guess just bouncing off of the prior question, maybe Warren or Deborah, could you help us understand, like, what is the true growth algorithm from here? you know, how much is driven by the continued China recovery and growth versus, you know, ex-China recovery, penetration, and mix? And can you get back to that strong double-digit growth levels that you were seeing in China prior to last year and sort of that mid-teens growth level ex-China? Just help us understand how you get back to sort of the pre-2025 levels. and over what time?

Yeah, thanks for the question. You know, I think, I don't think in 2026, we're gonna be seeing the hyper growth levels that we saw back, you know, 2023 and before that. Certainly we're working towards that, you know, right now, thankfully our board has a very long view of the company. And while we do expect nice growth globally, for the company in 2026, you know, I would caution, I don't expect to see, you know, 20, 25% growth, although that is definitely what we're working to, and that is definitely the opportunity for sure.

Understood. That's very helpful. And maybe just in China, you know, I appreciate the commentary around the EvoPlus sort of launch. How should we think about competition in 2026. And can you give any color around, you know, what is that ASP delta between Evo Plus versus Evo in China and how much of the 2026 China growth algorithm is being driven by price versus volume and sort of underlying demand and improving macro?

Yeah, it's a good question, And what I would say is even just appending to Debra's previous comments, because I think they're somewhat related, we're still wildly underpenetrated as far as refractive surgery as a percentage of the myopia epidemic that exists in this world. China's no different, they in fact lead in that, maybe India is right there close with them. And so I think we collectively, as those that want to impact that epidemic, limb-based refractive surgery is growing, but that's one piece of it. And so I think there's going to be plenty of opportunity for us, plenty of opportunity for competition as well. What I would say about the competitors, look, we take it really seriously. It's a little flattering, if I'm honest, that I think IOLs are starting to grow. And I think it just speaks to LASIK is, in most markets, on the decline, and folks are looking for another way to treat them. This reversible approach, I think, is really appealing to the patient or potential patients so it's a strong recognition we're happy happy with many companies have come as competitors in the past and they all are non columnar lenses they are acrylic lenses which of varying types but it typically creates a more rigid structure and history will tell you that of the many that have come only a few have really even stayed in the market. And so Columer is a differentiator for us, 30 plus years. We had a pretty big head start on the market. And so we're taking advantage of that, but we can't just rely on that. We also have to continue to innovate. And so it's important for us to bring products like Evo Plus into the Chinese market to allow us to expand. So that gets to your question around ASP. What we've seen so far is a lot of excitement around Evo Plus. So we're happy about that. And we're going to continue to try and scale up our Swiss plant to be able to satisfy the demand. We are seeing a premium. We're not sharing the premium. You can imagine why it's a competitive advantage to us. What I'll say is that customers see the difference, and patients are paying for the difference. And so we'll see where that goes. It's still really early. I wouldn't make too much out of it yet, but we are pleased with the early progress.

The next question comes from John Young with Mechanical Genuity. Please go ahead.

Hi, Warren, Deborah. Thanks so much for taking the question tonight. I just want to follow up on the comments on Evo Plus and the launch in China. You know, if I recall the strategy correctly, a part of it also was to defend against value-based purchasing in China. Are you seeing any headwinds to the traditional Evo ones right now from VVP in China, and do you expect any?

Yeah, we haven't heard anything about VVP. And so what I would say is, in order for a VVP to happen, typically it happens in the public market. It can happen in the private market. There are examples of that in dental, and I think even in some of the provinces, they've tried to look at ortho-keratology. But we've not heard anything about VVP. Remember that our competitor, the Lorne Crystal that you hear about, they don't have a Toric version yet. You need multiple competitors in the market before the government has typically gotten interested in it. We certainly can't predict one way or the other what's going to happen, wouldn't try to do it. But to answer your question, haven't heard a thing about VBP and feel like so far so good.

Great. And then, you know, in your script, you also talk about the importance of people in the organization. I'm just wondering, have you had any higher than usual turnover in the organization outside the restructuring with all the changes that have been going on?

No, things have been pretty steady in that regard. You know, we have a wonderful team. We have wonderful employees in the organization. They're all very happy, to be very honest, that the Alcon transaction did not go through because, you know, they love working here, and we love having them. So, you know, yeah, so far so good in that regard.

Next question. comes from David Saxon with Needham & Co. Please go ahead.

Great, good afternoon, Warren and Debra. Thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to get your thoughts on what year has no stocking dynamics for China, just so we can kind of better frame, you know, what a normal year is for China sales. Like it's 2023 at 185, kind of a clean year in your view, when you think about channel inventory and, you know, not necessarily returning to that in 26, but, you know, over the near term?

You know, it seems like an easy question to answer, but the reality is China was going through such a hyper-growth period that the distributors, the single distributor at the time and then the two distributors, once we brought on HGDK, were doing everything they could to get inventory, get folks trained, get it out into. Remember, these are thousands of hospitals in a very large, diverse country. And so I don't know when you would say that the in-market demand ceased in such a way that it started back-channeling or back-filling inventory at the distributor or anywhere else within that distribution lane. So I don't know that that question can be answered. What I can tell you is that on a go-forward basis, we understand our inventory position very well, and we have very good controls in place to ensure that we don't allow that to happen to us again. And so feel good about the contractual levels of inventory with our importers, feeling better about the stabilization, seemingly, of the China business in 2025, and excited for a clean start here in 26.

Okay, great. Thanks for that, Warren. And then just as my follow-up, I wanted to switch yours to the U.S. and just to, you know, get an update on the strategy, you know, how has it evolved since, you know, early to mid to last year? What's going right? What are some areas that need, you know, retooling? Thanks so much.

Yeah, our U.S. team is so good. The people running that organization are fantastic. And what I'll tell you is they, a couple of years ago, you'll remember the language of Highway 93. And that's, that wasn't, at the time, it was 93 customers, but it's not really designed to be 93 customers. It's designed to be a mindset of let's focus on the customers that are willing to partner with us and that want to drive EVOICLs as an option for their patients. And that team has expanded upon that list now. And what they've done is really get into the economics of making EVOICL a better business for these refractive surgeries, or excuse me, these refractive surgeons that want to grow their practice. And they'll describe a market that – it's a refractive market that's not shrinking, it's one that's shifting, and it's shifting away from LASIK, which requires corneal tissue removal, and going to a reversible procedure that when priced appropriately, when taught appropriately to the staff and therefore communicated appropriately to a potential patient, it's a really high-profit opportunity for those practices. And so they're focused around that mission. they have strong training and message discipline and they're executing against it and you saw the results for 2025 with double-digit growth and we're excited to see what they're going to do this year and they're doing it on a string budget relative to what it was a couple of years ago we were wasting money in the US we were spending it in the wrong places I learned a lot of lessons and that I was sitting right here for it and so feel like we're in a better place the next question comes from Mason Tirico with Steven please go Hey, thanks for taking the questions here.

I'll keep it to one. The deck that you guys published on the Alcon merger included language around STARS inability to penetrate lower diopter patients, which makes up the majority of refractive patients. And that deviated from prior commentary around moving down the diopter curve. So could you just talk about that shift in messaging and really how it informs your strategic decision-making and process moving forward?

Yeah, it's a fair question, and I would just make one subtle correction to it. It's that it's not a change in messaging from the standpoint of we know we have to go down the diopter curve in order to be effective. We know that even in the publication you're referring to, that we made progress coming down the diopter curve starting back at the, I don't remember from memory, but minus 12 diopter down to something like minus nine, minus nine and a half. Now we're at that point where we have to continue to go down the diopter curve, and it's hard to do. It's hard because in markets around the world where customers have invested in infrastructure to treat patients with laser technology, they want those technologies that they invested in to pay dividends. And so the reality is we're going to keep fighting that fight. We're going to keep pushing appropriately for our customers to consider EVO at lower diopters. We know that the higher diopter refractive error correction the patient has, the more tissue you have to take. which induces dry eye, which does other things. And so we're going to continue to push. We haven't made as much progress as we would like to make. We always want to make more. Some markets will do better. Some markets will continue to have wild amounts of high myopia. Think of Asian markets like China, like India, like Korea and Japan. There's plenty of high myopia patients to treat. But we're going to keep the fight up, and I'll take your question as encouragement that we need to do so.

Got it.

The next question comes from Adam Mader with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

Hi, good afternoon. Thank you for taking the questions. Two for me. The first one is on China, and lots of questions have been asked, but not sure we've discussed expectations for ICL and market growth in FY26. And, you know, it sounds like things have started to stabilize some over the course of 2025. five. Do you expect to see further recovery this year? And just any point you can put on it would be appreciated. And then I'd follow up. Thanks.

You know, a lot of the same challenges we've been fighting in that we fought in 2025 are still there. There's still macro challenges in China. They're just getting better. You see the stock markets doing a whole lot better in China, but you see the housing market still a little bit depressed. They're coming out of the Chinese New Year. Don't know that we have good data on it yet. I think the tone out of Chinese New Year was seemingly positive. We'll see. The stimulus that the government has put into place through the course of 2024 and then 2025, we think is starting to help. Maybe it's some of the driver behind even the stock market surge. So cautiously optimistic about their economy. What role that's going to play in in-market sales? Too hard to tell. What we can tell you is that Q4 in 2025 was a nice acceleration relative to the previous quarters in market sales. That left us for the full year 25 around, we believe, a single digit in market demand growth versus the prior year. So hopefully we get a little bit of that momentum coming out of Q4. Hopefully the economy stays as it has been or gets better. But it's still too early to tell, thus the reluctance to give guidance.

Okay. That's very helpful, Warren. I appreciate the color. And for the follow-up, I wanted to ask about innovation and prioritizing innovation. I think that was mentioned a couple times during the call in the shareholder letter. So, you know, I guess what can you tell us today about the innovation pipeline and specifically how we should think about some of these new products potentially getting regulatory clearance and impacting models. Thank you so much.

Yeah, great question, because it's the third pillar in our strategy here, and it's a place where we have, candidly, we haven't delivered in the way that we really want to. EVO is amazing. The columnar material is differentiated, and now the onus is on us to bring new products to market. it. Proud of V5, proud of bringing EVO Plus to China. That's going to be a differentiator for us, we believe. We'll also bring the Lioli injector, which is incremental innovation. The lens is still the star of the show, but it'll be a nice way for our customers to be able to inject EVO into their patients. And then we're working on a series of projects in the background. We hope to be able to update you even in subsequent calls on timelines. Think of milestones like when we start to do first-in-man treatments and when we go through other stage gates of the design control process, which is an important part of the R&D process. We want to give you that visibility, just not ready to do it yet.

That's all the phone questions we have so far.

Okay, operator, sounds like there's no more questions.

That concludes the question and answer session and today's conference call. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.