Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon, and welcome to the Redwood Trust, Inc. Third Quarter 2023 Financial Results Conference Call. Today's conference is being recorded. I will now turn the call over to Kaitlyn Mauritz, Redwood's Senior Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, ma'am.

Thank you, operator. Hello, everyone, and thank you for joining us today for our third quarter 2023 earnings conference call. With me on today's call are Chris Abate, Chief Executive Officer; Dash Robinson, President; and Brooke Carillo, Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I want to remind you that certain statements made during management's presentation today with respect to future financial or business performance may constitute forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, forecasts and assumptions that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. We encourage you to read the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, which provides a description of some of the factors that could have a material impact on the company's performance and cause actual results to differ from those that may be expressed in forward-looking statements. On this call, we might also refer to both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. The non-GAAP financial measures provided should not be utilized in isolation or considered as a substitute for measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures is provided in our third quarter Redwood Review, which is also available on our website redwoodtrust.com. Also note that the content of today's conference call contains time-sensitive information that is only accurate as of today. And we do not intend and undertake no obligation to update this information to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. Finally, today's call is being recorded and will be available on our website later today. I'll now turn the call over to Chris for opening remarks.

Thanks, Kait, and welcome everyone to Redwood's third quarter earnings call. There is no question that our markets are in a state of transition, impacted by the final throes of a hyper-aggressive Fed policy, ongoing geopolitical strife, and proposed regulatory rule changes that will usher in a new era of housing finance. In the third quarter, the gravitational pull of an inverted yield curve continued to take its toll on the mortgage sector, particularly on the market values of fixed-rate portfolio investments. Redwood's GAAP book value was down 5% for the third quarter, largely a mark-to-market adjustment directly attributable to the rapid rise in the 10-year treasury that took place in the final month of the quarter. Since quarter end, we estimate our GAAP book value to be down approximately 2%. For those in our sector who have already reported their third quarter results, GAAP book values have been down 8% on average. Trying to make sense of this market and see through the fog of 8% mortgage rates is difficult for any of us, especially given the prospect of an extended period of higher for longer benchmark rates as the economy continues to outpace expectations. With housing affordability at the lowest levels we've seen since the 1970s and transaction activity at multi-year lows, many market participants have simply retreated to the sidelines. In fact, as we head towards year-end, we've already started to see the same diminution of market activity that we observed a year ago. That's why it's so important for us to keep our shareholders apprised of the transformational changes that we expect to become prominent in the coming months. Our perspective is informed by 30 years of cycles and market turns and learnings from things we've gotten wrong or missed, in order to best position our company for the future. And to summarize our view, we expect a major secular shift in how mortgage-related assets will be owned and financed in the years ahead, particularly in the non-agency mortgage space, where we have long stood as a critical provider of liquidity. In fact, we believe the option value of our franchise has never been higher than it is today. To contextualize our thinking, we expect a convergence in how both agency and non-agency mortgage markets function, with a large percentage of non-agency loans getting distributed to match funded private credit institutions, largely in securitized form and away from bank balance sheets. In the agency mortgage market, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were created for this purpose to provide liquidity to banks and other lenders by aggregating and securitizing the residential loans for distribution to bond investors. In the non-agency mortgage space, similar intermediaries must emerge to provide that liquidity and reminiscent of Redwood's founding thesis, there's no one better positioned than us to do so. We are a natural non-competing partner to our loan sellers, allowing them to preserve their customer relationships while maintaining liquidity in an otherwise illiquid market. As we previously mentioned, our near-term production will remain risk-minded given the challenging market backdrop. We will not be scaling volume at any cost. Instead, we'll be focused on growing wallet share of large banks, many of whom have not needed a capital partner since the great financial crisis ended. After that crisis, we would remind shareholders that the last time that regulatory rules significantly changed for the mortgage sector. In this sense, we are neither predicting nor in need of a major boost in industry-wide transaction volumes to achieve our near-term objectives. Instead, we're focused on further solidifying relationships, providing much-needed liquidity to our new and existing partners, with a goal of realizing transformative and durable market share gains as the yield curve normalizes. As you may recall, our second quarter earnings call in July took place just hours after the Federal Reserve released newly proposed risk-based capital rules for the U.S banking system. Our thesis at the time was that while the final rules would likely evolve, bank management teams have looked to comply with the spirit of the rules well in advance of their passage. Three months later, our thinking has thus far been validated, and our progress has been well-timed with the emergence of fresh demand for our products from new sources of capital, complementary to our traditional distribution channels. As Dash will outline in his remarks, results and leading indicators we are tracking are pointing green, with a response from regional and other banks that has exceeded our expectations. Without the safety net of zero-cost unlimited deposit capital, the asset-liability mismatch that only mortgages proposes for banks is inherently risky. We realize the large banks face a high degree of uncertainty and are naturally pushing back against the proposed risk capital rule changes. Our response will be to help our partners approach these changes constructively. We believe it's possible for banks to preserve lending footprints, including for first-time homebuyers, with the right capital partner. Our team has honed a degree of operational excellence in the non-agency mortgage market over decades, allowing us to support our bank partners with more than just a rate sheet. Many banks have understandably not had to flex their loan sale muscles in many years, creating uncertainty. Our ability to swiftly onboard and educate our lending partners provides incredible value to banks as they work to pivot from net buyers and portfolio lenders to net sellers on a forward flow basis. Besides the long-term opportunity, we estimate that the banks hold over $1.4 trillion of jumbo loans on their balance sheets today, before considering ongoing production. We further estimate that around 50% of the jumbo origination market, which could represent $100 billion to $150 billion or more of annual volume, could pivot to an originate-to-sell model. Leading indicators suggest that the shift is now underway. We believe our third quarter mortgage banking results are indicative of how banks and other financial institutions will look to finance their mortgage production going forward. Given the changes we foresee for our markets, we've begun thinking more holistically about the Redwood platform, and believe that evolving our capital structure and procuring long-term private capital partnerships must be a top priority. As I've emphasized, we continue to observe a transition occurring with the roles of banks, private credit institutions, and specialty finance companies such as Redwood rapidly evolving. In particular, regulatory cross currents are redefining the most efficient holders of real estate-related assets, as well as those who will finance and service them. As evidenced by the joint venture that we announced this past summer, the value proposition that platforms like ours offer institutional credit investors has grown dramatically over the past few years, with investors seeking out the assets we create. These investors include the likes of pension funds, life insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds, and other non-public entities who have accretive capital but lack the origination or sourcing capabilities that we offer. They also possess patient capital, a key advantage when holding less liquid non-agency investments such as ours. In keeping with these trends, our long-term strategic focus will be to further position our mortgage banking franchises to meet this unprecedented market opportunity with ample working capital and access to a deep set of products. Our investment strategy will naturally evolve and follow. The continued focus on deployment of our organically created assets to third-party capital partners in lieu of traditional direct investing. This includes a strong internal focus on the next frontier of non-agency investing, which is credit risk transfers on bank portfolios where significant risk capital can be freed up at a relatively low cost. We expect progress on these efforts and partnerships to continue to play out in the coming quarters, and look forward to keeping our shareholders current as we proceed. I'll now turn the call over to Dash.

Thank you, Chris. I will now cover details of our operating platforms and investment portfolio during the third quarter before turning it over to Brooke to discuss our overall financial performance. As Chris highlighted in his opening remarks, proposed changes to the bank regulatory capital regime, while far from final, are turning into the tailwinds we expected for our residential mortgage banking business, in many cases ahead of schedule. While we believe we are still in the early innings of this sizable market shift, it is clear that business models are evolving quickly, with important ramifications for how 30-year mortgage risk is funded and hedged. As always, our team has been our enabler. Third quarter loss for $1.6 billion came close to triple second quarter production with approximately 40% of this volume coming from depositories. Since March, our residential team has engaged with depositories from coast to coast, onboarding new partnerships and bringing our total count of active seller relationships to 185 and growing. This group now includes over 70 banks, including some of the nation's largest regional and large financial institutions, many with assets over $200 billion and extensive mortgage origination footprints. Several of these institutions have just commenced lock activity with us in recent weeks, implying an attractive runway for growth notwithstanding persistently higher rates. In fact, our locked pipeline in Q3 carried some of the strongest credit characteristics we've seen in recent years: 772 Fico, 72% LTV, and 33% debt to income ratio. In keeping with the momentum we see for the business, we nearly doubled our capital allocation to residential mortgage banking in the third quarter and expect that allocation to grow further heading into 2024. Our estimated share of overall jumbo production in the third quarter approached 4%, well above our historical 2% to 3% range, and up from just 1% the previous quarter, reflective of both a growing salary base and deeper penetration with existing partners. Residential purchase volume in the third quarter was $815 million, up over 340% from the second quarter. Bank salaries accounted for 50% of total quarterly purchase activity, up from just 10% in the second quarter and a de minimis amount in Q1. Of note, total bulk activity of over 90%, of which was from banks, was a key driver of third quarter purchase volume, much of its season loans acquired at a significant discount to par. Notwithstanding the persistent rise in rates, we continue to evaluate both pools coming to market for more evidence of the scarcity of shelf space for many banks seeking to balance pressures on capital, liquidity, and net interest margin. Distribution channels for jumbo remain open. We sold $391 million of loans in the third quarter through a combination of securitization and hold on dispositions. The team followed up quickly in the fourth quarter by closing our fourth deploy securitization of the year just last week, bringing our total residential securitization activity for 2023 to over $1 billion. Both deals were distributed to a broad base of buyers, including several new insurance and money manager investors, and were executed within our target gain on sale range. Our most recent print was achieved amidst the 10-year treasury yield moving within close to a 50 basis point range in just over a week. An important statement about the power of our platform and the depth of capital that remains underinvested in the space. The same regulatory changes driving strategic progress in our residential business are also an opportunity for our CoreVest business purpose lending platform. Borrowers who have historically sought funding from banks are now frequenting our pipeline discussions. While the overall credit environment calls for continued caution and selectivity, demand from capital partners remains strong for well-underwritten BPL loans to quality sponsors. We've been in dialogue with several banks on partnership opportunities that would allow us to access their existing pipelines with an eye toward mutually beneficial outcomes. With a lifecycle lending platform that offers both bridge and stabilized term financing, we are well-positioned to capture incremental market share that we believe will continue to shift towards private lenders. CoreVest funded $411 million of loans in the third quarter, a slight increase from the second quarter, with a 10% increase in bridge volume being offset by a decline in term production. Within Bridge, our built-for-rent aggregation product has seen increased demand from borrowers and carries a favorable risk profile, given the turnkey nature of the homes being financed. In keeping with broader market trends, multifamily origination remains light as sources of capital become more selective, especially for that segment. While we expect volumes for our fixed-rate term loans to remain influenced by benchmark rates, our bridge portfolio remains fertile ground for refinances and term loans as borrowers progress with projects. As with residential, our distribution efforts within business purpose lending remain a key differentiator. We distributed over $350 million of BPL loans in the third quarter, including a highly accretive private securitization with a quality institutional partner, two bulk whole loan sales, and the initial contribution of bridge loans to our recently established joint venture with Oaktree. As Chris highlighted in his comments, given the elevated demand for and attractiveness of our assets, we see opportunities to further diversify these distribution and partnership structures. The BPL sector overall continues to manage through macro crosswinds that have impacted sponsor sentiment and reduced transaction volumes across the industry. As we highlighted on our last earnings call, we remain focused on the impact that higher short-term interest rates have on sponsors, notwithstanding overall strength in leasing trends. In anticipation of these impacts, our team has continued to work with borrowers well in advance of their loan maturities to assess project plans and ensure they manage towards successful completions. While 90-plus day delinquencies across the bridge and term books declined slightly in the third quarter to 4%, we continue to manage through pockets of stress, particularly in our bridge portfolio, where some combination of rate modifications and fresh equity from new or existing sponsorship have eased the burden of rapidly rising rates across a small handful of sponsor relationships. Engagement with borrowers has been productive, particularly when it occurs in anticipation of the need to reassess the project. We believe that these efforts provide ample runway for sponsors to complete their work while strengthening our position as lender. High mortgage rates also continue to impact consumers' ability to access equity in their homes, underscoring the importance of secondary financing products that fit the current environment. We were pleased last month to formally launch Aspire, our home equity investment or HEI origination platform. As a quick reminder, HEIs are products that allow homeowners to monetize some of their home's equity without an additional monthly payment burden in exchange for sharing a portion of the change in the home's price going forward. This launch comes after years of investing in and financing HEIs and was a natural next step in the progression of our support for this nascent but growing sector. With our track record of supporting housing accessibility, as well as our sizable connectivity with mortgage lenders, we believe we have a unique opportunity to help scale and institutionalize HEIs in a way that will benefit consumers. Aspire allows us to do so directly in part by leveraging our nationwide correspondent network of loan officers, a significant advantage over more traditional high-cost marketing campaigns. Turning to our investment portfolio, while a rapid rise in 10-year treasury rates during the final month of the quarter significantly impacted fair values, we continue to see strong underlying credit performance. Our reperforming loan portfolio saw the lowest 90-plus day delinquencies in almost three years, and delinquencies in our Sequoia book remained flat quarter-over-quarter at below 1%. These credit tailwinds created a window during the third quarter to optimize segments of the portfolio and support our long-term thesis and strategy. In that vein, we were able to free up over $30 million of capital net of financing for deployment in areas we believe to be more accretive to long-term shareholder returns, most notably in opportunities presented by continued shifts in mortgage funding markets overall and other areas where we can invest alongside strategic capital partners. I will now turn the call over to Brooke to cover our financial results.

Thank you, Dash. We reported earnings available for distribution or EAD of $11 million or $0.09 per basic common share as compared to $16 million or $0.14 per share in the second quarter, resulting in an EAD return on common equity of 4.3%. The decrease in EAD was primarily due to lower net interest income from bridge loans and our investment portfolio inclusive of a higher balance of loans in non-accrual status in the third quarter. We anticipate significant recovery of the associated interest going forward and expect interest income to trend higher beginning in the fourth quarter. The decrease in net interest income was partially offset by higher mortgage banking revenues on the quarter, which increased over 20% versus Q2. Adjusted for acquisition-related intangibles, our combined mortgage banking businesses generated an 11% after-tax return on the quarter. Income from residential mortgage banking activities increased $2 million on the strength of higher volumes, attractive execution on our securitization activity, and overall market risk management. We were well hedged against basis exposure on our growing pipeline throughout the quarter and benefited from a steepening of the yield curve. As a result, margins were 80 basis points, which is in line with our target gain on sale. Income from business purpose mortgage banking activities increased by $1 million, driven largely by the accretive term loan securitization financing that Dash described. G&A expenses decreased by $1 million from the second quarter as our operating businesses were able to demonstrate efficiencies on higher volume. Both residential and business purpose mortgage banking saw a decrease in cost per loan, declining to levels that we believe support profitable growth going forward. G&A also declined in part due to lower expenses associated with performance-based long-term incentive compensation. GAAP net income related to common stockholders was negative $31 million or negative $0.29 per diluted share compared to $1 million or $0.0 in the second quarter. Negative earnings per share drove book value to $8.77, compared to $9.26 in the second quarter, reflecting a total economic return of negative 3.6 for the third quarter. GAAP earnings for the quarter reflected the impact of the sharp increase in rates later in the quarter on our reperforming loan securities despite the continued positive trends and fundamental performance that had been mentioned. Fair value changes were impacted by certain nonperforming loans and loan modifications that Dash referenced and also by spread widening within the BPL bridge portfolio. The negative fair value changes were partially offset by fair value increases for HEI assets, as well as servicing assets, which benefited from an increase in rates. Our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents as of September 30 were $204 million as we repaid the remainder of our convertible debt series that matured in August. Consequently, recourse leverage was 2.3 turns for the quarter, only 1 turn of which was against the investment portfolio. Over the last twelve months, we raised multiple times the cash needed to repay the 2023 convert, and the vast majority of proceeds were raised organically through the optimization within our investment portfolio given the relatively low amount of secured financing leverage we carry there. We have approximately $300 million of unencumbered assets that remain a continued potential source of capital, which can serve both to fuel growth of our mortgage banking businesses or continue to repurchase corporate debt across our term structure. Through the fourth quarter, we have begun to repurchase our 2024 convertible maturity and will continue to evolve our capital structure over the longer term to balance our corporate debt ratios with more permanent forms of equity capital to drive accretive growth. We continue to see strong demand from counterparties to finance our assets. We successfully renewed two maturing loan warehouse financing facilities, with $1 billion of capacity with key counterparties during the quarter. Overall, as of September 30, we have excess capacity of $2.2 billion, which we are likely to further increase to support the continued growth of our BPL and residential businesses. In the third quarter, we sold $49 million of securities that were largely non-strategic above their second quarter values, recognizing fair value gains of $2 million. While these sales reinforce market appetite for our collateral, we retain roughly $390 million of embedded net discount, or $3.26 per share, that we carry forward into future quarters. We were able to redeploy this capital into the growing opportunity across our operating platforms, where we're seeing attractive target returns of 15% to 20% plus. As a result, residential mortgage banking capital grew to $150 million from $80 million in the second quarter. Given the efficiency of our distribution efforts, we believe that our near-term volume targets could be supported by roughly $200 million of capital. Given the work we've done in both residential and business purpose mortgage banking, we forecast our operating businesses are positioned for profitability and continued growth. And with that operator, we will now open the call for questions.

Our first question comes from Rick Shane with JPMorgan. Please proceed.

Hey, everybody. Thanks for taking my question this afternoon. I'd like to talk a little bit about the origination environment. Obviously, it is skewing pretty significantly towards purchase; not a surprise, underlying that we're also seeing a skew towards new home purchase because of the lack of availability of inventory. I'm curious if you're seeing any disruption or dislocation associated with home builders providing subsidized financing in order to drive volume in this environment.

Hey, Rick, it's Chris. I don't think so. The housing market has been surprisingly stable in recent months, and I think that in our markets, we actually did have a small amount, approximately 20% of our recent locks been refinanced. Some of that has to do with bulk pools that will be purchased. But by and large, it is a purchase market. I think the fact that active listings are half of what they typically are historically is a big part of a stable housing market, and the rate concessions from the homebuilders have not, at least from our perspective, impacted our book or what we're seeing.

Got it. And Chris, considering this, it's clear that the significant opportunity lies in the impact of Basel III and the possibilities it presents. Does it make sense to potentially partner with homebuilders? I'm not sure. Honestly, it's never been something I've considered or inquired about. But do homebuilders work as effective channel partners as well?

They certainly could, Rick. I mean, in the history of the jumbo business, we have done some of that. We do have sellers that have smaller homebuilding ventures that we have actually done business with in the past. The other opportunity that comes out of what you're articulating is with BPL. I referenced it in the prepared remarks briefly, but we are still seeing a lot of homebuilders either pivot from for-sale to for-rent strategies themselves or move that inventory to other clients of ours who are looking for financing. So we are starting to see more of that. It's a product that's gotten more and more interest here as the homebuilders are looking to continue to diversify and address some of the overall financing challenges that you're referencing. We really like that risk because, as you know, in that case, the construction is done; we don't finance those until the certificate of occupancy is in hand. So that's actually been a reasonable part of the BPL pipeline here the past quarter. So that's definitely another opportunity off the back of some of the trends you're articulating.

Got it. Hey, Dash. Thank you, Chris. Thank you very much, guys.

Thank you.

Thanks, Rick.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Bose George with KBW. Please go ahead.

Hi, everyone. Good afternoon. I want to ask how does resi lock volume? How did that look in October, and did this move up in interest rates persist? Now how do you think that could impact volumes, industry jumbo volumes in 2024 versus this year?

Good question, Bose. I think the pace of play in October has been pretty consistent with the latter part of Q3. So we've been pleased with the daily lock flow. I think that's notwithstanding higher rates. I think, again, that's driven by the fact that our bench of sellers is deepening, number one. And number two, we're adding wallet share here with the folks that we already had penetrated with over the past few quarters. Certainly, rates continuing to trend up will continue to impact the size of the overall pie. I think we've been really pleased, frankly, with the credit quality of the loans we've been locking, as I mentioned in the prepared remarks, some of the best credit profiles we've seen in quite a while at rates that are at or touching 8%. So we'll see how it evolves. But I think we've been pleased with the recent trends, and October is on pace with the latter part of Q3.

Yes, Bose, I'd add just another way of expressing that. The jumbo borrowers certainly, what we've seen from an underwriting standpoint, they were well-qualified with a 3% tenure, and they're well qualified with a 46 tenure. So I don't think we've seen much in the way of slower volumes, especially for purchase activity, but we'll have to wait and see if things shake out.

Okay, great. That's helpful. Thanks. And then can you talk a little bit about the bulk purchasing opportunity? Do you think this could end up being fairly meaningful? How do the economics compare with your regular flow business?

We continue to be optimistic about those continuing to come out, Bose. I think we're a particularly strong bid for bulk for a few reasons. Number one, just our operational history with more and more of the sellers has being around the hoop on a flow basis; we think positions us well to be a helpful partner to those sellers when it's time to explore a bulk sale. As we talked about, those types of loans with discounts have performed particularly well in securitization. So I think we naturally have a pretty strong bid for those types of loans to complement our ongoing production. So it's definitely a big opportunity. I think, certainly, obviously, with the evolving capital rules, that will be a big deal. If we see a little bit of a rally in rates from here, that could unlock more frankly, as dollar prices trend up a little bit typically for those that may not be hedging their positions on more seasoned loans. So it definitely moves the needle. And frankly, we think as the banks in general start to get their head around the rules, and frankly, they get more at-bats with us on the flow side, that will make the bulk opportunities hopefully come with even more speed than they have over the past quarter or so.

Okay, great. Thanks a lot.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Don Fandetti with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Hi. Can you talk about your credit outlook for the BPL investment portfolio? Delinquencies improved a little bit this quarter, but I guess you're doing some modifications. And are borrowers having a lot of success in terms of going from variable to fixed; is that kind of working out well?

Yes, good questions. At a high level, many of the trends we're observing this quarter align with what we've discussed in the past couple of quarters. Overall, business plans are progressing well. We're noticing some stress with sponsors, but some have successfully brought in additional capital for rebalancing. In other cases, we've encountered situations where the project was suitable but the sponsor was not, requiring us to bring in external equity. We've been satisfied with how quickly we resolved these issues. For instance, regarding the 90-plus book at the end of June, we've addressed more than half of those loans either explicitly or are currently under contract, expecting to resolve the remainder by year-end. Our REO position is at 9.30, with over 90% of those properties sold or in contract. We've been happy with the speed of resolution. Regarding floating effects, it's certainly a priority for many borrowers to reach a level of stabilization that allows them to switch to a traditional fixed-rate term loan. The deals we restructured this quarter mostly transitioned from floating to fixed, maintaining approval rates around 9%. Average accrual rates remain healthy. Overall, the support levels and positive trends in rents persist, and we've successfully moved on from projects lacking the right sponsors, or brought in fresh equity from viable sponsors. Asset management continues to be a key focus for us, while we remain optimistic about rents. We anticipate this work will persist in the upcoming quarters due to the current environment. Being concentrated in markets where we have a strong network helps us replace sponsors when necessary, and we've seen significant success in doing this over the last few quarters, which I expect will continue going forward.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Stephen Laws with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Hi, good afternoon. First of all, I start with the jumbo side, clearly a big opportunity. And Chris, appreciate your comments to begin about being able to gain market share. When you think internally and when you guys model out internally, looking 3 to 4 years out, how much market share do you think you can have? What type of volume is that? You mentioned some things in the comments maybe third-party capital helping fund a lot of the securities retained similar to what the joint venture is on the BPL side. So can you talk about maybe what's your 3 to 5-year vision for how the jumbo business plays out?

Sure. This will involve some assumptions, but we believe some version of the capital rules will be implemented, and most of our banking partners share this perspective. Our strategy is focused on helping banks maintain or increase their market share. We don't believe banks need to lose share to independents, although we value our relationships with them. By collaborating as a capital partner with large banks, we see significant potential for wallet share, which has remained mostly unavailable since the financial crisis. Loans have remained in portfolios and not entered the markets, resulting in limited opportunities for market share. This aspect of our business is currently what excites us the most, and if we can unlock some of that, we anticipate a substantial percentage to transition from originating to distributing. Looking back at years like 2021, we consider those as benchmarks for our platform's potential. We are still in the early single digits concerning market share, with plenty of room for growth. We will require capital partners and are concentrating on joint ventures, which fortunately have garnered significant interest. We aim to grow appropriately; hence, we have decided not to pursue volume aggressively in this challenging environment, especially since rates remain stubbornly high. However, we believe there is substantial volume and market share potential, which is fundamental to our strategy, and this is why we continue to emphasize it. We are particularly focused on the segment of the jumbo market that has been largely inaccessible for several years.

Appreciate the comments there; definitely seems like a real opportunity ahead of you here working with the banks. To follow up on the BPL side, I think from the answer to Don's questions, it sounds like you can sort of work through 90-day delinquencies in about 6 months. Seems like REOs are processed fairly quickly. Can you talk about that REO resolution process? Is there capital infusion there, or do you sell as is? How do you think about losses there or potentially gains on liquidations? How quickly can that take place?

Sure. In general, what we try and do, obviously, is avoid getting to REO at all. That's reflected in the relatively low percentage that gets there. But I think where we've had the most success, frankly, is having a plan going in, it's being able to have sponsors lined up that we know are going to have interest in the properties. And once we take it back, we will sell it as quickly as possible. Depending on the particular project, selling it as is, is most efficient; we've been able to do that with a number of these where we just had cash buyers and just moved on. In many cases, getting out flat to up a bit depending on the situation. I think with some of the other projects, it's helpful to have a sponsor also lined up where we could potentially provide some financing as well, bringing a new sponsor who's buying at a level that makes sense and provide some financing. Then that loan goes back on our book with fresh capital and fresh operations, which is helpful. So it sort of depends, Stephen, on the outcome, but as always, trying to get as far ahead of the situation as possible to be able to have buyers lined up and get those properties in the right hands as quickly as possible.

Hey, Stephen, it's Chris. I want to emphasize that from an accounting standpoint, many of our competitors that implement some form of cost accounting, particularly for BPL loans, commercial loans, and non-QM loans, continue to apply fair value. As interest rates rise and the credit environment becomes more challenging, the effects we see in our P&L might reflect more than just the credit aspect. We also have to consider the rate aspect and the average life aspect. Therefore, it's not a straightforward comparison, and we're committed to improving our clarity on the recoverable amounts as these modifications occur because there is a significant amount that is recoverable. Particularly as Dash noted, bringing in new sponsor capital or fresh sponsors is beneficial. These projects have strong potential, despite the challenging rate environment. I believe if we continue to focus on these efforts, there is substantial upside for our successful initiatives.

Appreciate you highlighting that. And lastly, if I can squeeze one more in. Looks like a couple of securitizations, or deals since quarter end. Can you talk about market reception; kind of what kind of gains or margins you saw on that; and a lot of rate volatility here we've seen recently as you guys noted in your remarks.

Yes, the big one was our fourth liquidity of the year, which we just closed about a week ago. We got really strong receptivity to that. I would say from a margin perspective, it's supportive of margins that are probably consistent with where we landed in Q3 overall. The fact that the curve has uninverted significantly has certainly been helpful. We've been able to place bonds to a real variety of investors. We have a lot of insurance companies and money managers in those books, which we've been pleased with. So definitely supportive of staying within the range of our long-term margins, which has been helpful. Part of it also, Steve, we've been selling higher and higher pass-through coupons and have been getting good receptivity. So, on our last Sequoia deal, we sold 6% AAA bonds, which priced at a very slight discount to par. Just obviously, on a hedge-adjusted basis, it was higher than that. We're able to create bond profiles from a convexity perspective that are getting a lot of people in books. We had a few first-time buyers as well. We are exploring the right coupon slots for upcoming deals. It's possible we'll sell 6.5% before the end of the year where we see decent liquidity. We were able to manufacture some really nice profiles, with obviously very good carry and more limited extension risk just based on where the dollar prices are. So we've been pleased with that, notwithstanding the volatility, the execution for Sequoia has remained really strong.

Great. Thanks for the comments this evening.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Kevin Barker with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

Thank you. On the BPL portfolio, it's good to see that the 90-day delinquencies have come down. It looks like we've seen a few loans transition to REO. Maybe could you provide a little bit more depth on how that portfolio is performing? Is it possible to categorize some of that portfolio as either like a watchlist or classified, and how that's developed over the last few quarters? Thanks.

Sure. We track various metrics to manage the portfolio. While I won't specify exact categories, we particularly focus on payment velocity and delinquency, which we discuss frequently. Another crucial aspect we monitor is whether projects are on schedule. We invest considerable effort in ensuring that sponsors are completing their tasks promptly or, if necessary, identifying when they require additional time. This is important for considering potential extensions and new equity since prolonged projects can lead to increased interest expenses over time due to longer loan durations. Over the last six months, we've extended about 25% to 30% of the portfolio, with extensions typically lasting from 3 to 6 months, and generally, there hasn't been a need for second extensions as sponsors have managed to complete their projects within those timeframes. This has been a normal aspect of the bridge business, even before market conditions became more challenging. We've improved significantly in the last 18 to 24 months by proactively addressing these issues. We engage with sponsors 3 to 6 months prior to the maturity dates, assessing those dates well ahead of time. From our viewpoint, this approach is positive, as it allows for timely discussions about new equity and understanding the appropriateness of their current interest rates, as well as how much additional time they may require. Ultimately, the key factor is time, and it’s important to ascertain whether sponsors need more time to complete their projects. The frequency of extensions serves as a good indicator of that need.

So regarding that market, are you seeing an increasing amount of competition, a decreasing amount of competition? And are you seeing your ability to either increase price on new originations? Maybe just a general view on the competitive dynamic within the BPL book?

I think it's pretty dislocated. So Kevin, I think on any given loan, we still will compete with a handful of other lenders who will be aggressive. I think they're unbalanced, though, there are a lot of shops that have retrenched significantly or completely, frankly. And one cohort there obviously is the banks. As I mentioned, we are starting to see a lot of loans, whether it's smaller multifamily or build-for-rent, which would have been the stomping ground of the banks — those loans are coming our way. So that's definitely a tailwind. But as you know, there are a lot of private lenders in the space. And there's a fair amount of private capital as well. But I think on any given loan, like I said, the competition can be deep, but in general, I think the competitive landscape is probably as good as it's been in the past few quarters, given our overall position, our ability to stand up these capital partnerships, and just there are fewer folks able to lend constructively than there were three or four quarters ago.

Would you categorize this the returns on capital within that business as expanding significantly relative to where it was 6 to 12 months ago on any new business that you're underwriting?

I think the situation is mixed. Our BPL mortgage banking, where we originate and securitize term loans, has seen stable gain on sales compared to a few quarters ago, which we find pleasing. This segment has been generally consistent. However, on the bridge side, we have noticed some tightening in certain areas due to a decrease in the availability of strong loans compared to a few quarters back. For better sponsors and lower leverage, there can be some pricing pressure. Overall, there has been some expansion in our bridge offerings, but BPL mortgage banking remains consistent with its previous performance.

Thank you very much.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Steve Delaney - JMP Securities. Please go ahead.

Great. Hey, good afternoon, everyone. Some good discussions this afternoon. Chris, I think it was you that mentioned something in the context of some expanding relationships. I believe you mentioned a CRT product, something new that was evolving. Could you elaborate on that a little bit please? Didn't get that rush, that it was you?

It probably was. On CRT, I think, we've been focused with banks on their back books, certainly. And as we've signed up banks, I think we have 50 or more recently approved with a big pipeline behind that. We're getting better access, better visibility to portfolio challenges that they may have. And so we've introduced some structures that we think are pretty straightforward. And obviously, the Fed recently issued some guidelines. And I think there's, to me, the market feels like it's more accepting of some of these structures than perhaps a few years ago. And so we're definitely open for business there. It is a big capital expenditure. And that's where I mentioned, we are focused on partnerships. So our business, our franchise is having access to these opportunities. We're excited to partner with other businesses to fully fund them. But I think the arbitrage, if you will, on lowering risk capital through CRT is very real. And as the real change is going to effect, I think more and more banks, in particular, will look to CRT, potentially via credit-linked notes to be a solution. Again, that doesn't require them to sell the assets, sell the loans and record big P&L charges. Yes, they're good loans, right. So they're good loans; they're paying loans. Keeping them on the books and reducing the risk capital is probably the right way to go.

Yes, so maybe cost them a little more to carry, little hit to net interest income, but not the big capital hit for selling the assets off at a discount. So thank you on that.

Yes.

We've been emphasizing to clients the appeal of Redwood, which goes well beyond 70 or 75% of book value price to book. While it may be a commonly used phrase, we encourage thinking about the strategic value. You addressed this with your point about the franchise's option value being at an all-time high. With your permission, I might introduce the concept of strategic option value to see if anyone finds it intriguing.

You have always had the freedom to make your own decisions, so I encourage you to trust your judgment. We are working to navigate through the uncertainty surrounding interest rates, which can be challenging, especially when identifying opportunities on a quarterly basis. Our priority is to ensure that our shareholders stay informed, as there are significant developments happening behind the scenes. The engagement we've experienced from market participants, particularly banks, is something we haven't witnessed in nearly twenty years. This is a focus for us, and we anticipate that as the market finds stability, we will observe increased activity. Many in the industry are expressing a desire for stable interest rates. I believe that even at these elevated levels, stability could lead to more housing market activity. This aspect is crucial for the market’s recovery. Meanwhile, we must also address the fair value declines in our portfolio assets, which, despite these challenges, are performing well. Overall, we see that the market is definitely evolving, keeping us actively engaged.

Well, look forward to 2024 and beyond. Thank you for the comments.

Thanks, Steve.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Eric Hagen with BTIG. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks. How are we doing? Maybe just a couple more on the jumbo. Was there a mark-to-market impact from interest rates for the jumbo loans that are held for investment? How did that contribute to performance? How sensitive would you even say that that portfolio could be to even further backups in interest rates from here? And then if you guys wanted to add capital to the jumbo business, where do you think you'd source that incremental capital from like, which bucket would you maybe take it from? And how much liquidity do you think you've consumed when you really start to scale up the jumbo pipeline?

I can start, Eric, and feel free to chime in. The margins that we reference on the quarter in making mortgage banking income were all inclusive of any fair value changes on the loan pipeline. But in my prepared remarks, I mentioned we were hedged with TBA this quarter, which was a significant tailwind for us in terms of how that book performed over the course of the quarter. Our interest rate risk management was really notable in the right way. In terms of additional capital to fund that business, that is one of the asset classes that really underscores the remarks that Chris and Dash made around private capital interest in our platform. The private market is certainly paying a premium for the quality of collateral that we're buying today and sourcing, as reflected in the execution of our securitization, but also in the breadth of discussions that we're having around folks interested in partnering with us on aggregating jumbo today. In addition, I would say just the regular way of bank warehouse demand continues to be really strong for that kind of collateral and the advance rates that we're seeing are reflective of that today too.

Okay, great. Thank you, guys.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Kyle Joseph with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Hey, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. You mentioned that there would be a recovery in the fourth quarter; what is the specific driver of that?

The primary factor that contributed to the decrease in interest income this quarter was a one-time reversal of interest from the previous quarter, specifically related to our nonaccrual loans. It's important to note that our definition of nonaccrual loans encompasses a broader range than just loans that are 90 days or more overdue, and it doesn't impact our assessment of recoverability. The decline of $6 million we experienced was mainly due to this prior quarter reversal, and we still believe these amounts are recoverable. As we look ahead to the fourth quarter, we anticipate performance to align more closely with what we saw in the second quarter.

Go ahead.

Sorry, one other thing. I just note that a lot of what we talked about in our prepared remarks is really strategically rotating capital from the third-party investment portfolio to operating businesses. You'll continue to see a shift from us in terms of income generated from NII relative to noninterest income. And that was apparent in the quarter; our mortgage banking businesses saw noninterest income up almost $3.5 million. So that will be a shift that will continue to play out as well.

Got it. And then just one follow-up for me on the Aspire product is that purely equity? Are there any second liens in there, and how do you foresee that flowing through the P&L and impacting margins?

Yes, to date that is solely the true equity products that we've been talking about. We are focused on closing seconds as well in other home equity products that just generally speak to what we view as a massive opportunity in the home equity space today. But those all flow through investment fair value changes. Like our other options that we have on balance sheet today from some of the other third-party originators.

Got it. Thanks for taking my questions.

Thank you. As there are no further questions, that concludes the conference of Redwood Trust, Inc. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.