Operator
Good day and welcome to WR Berkeley Corporation's First Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. Today's conference call is being recorded. The speaker's remarks may contain forward-looking statements. Some of the forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words, including without limitation, believes, expects, or estimates. We caution you that such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us that the future plans, estimates, or expectations contemplated by us will in fact be achieved. Please refer to our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and our other filings made with the SEC for a description of the business environment in which we operate and important factors that may materially affect our results. WR Berkeley Corporation is not under any obligation and expressly disclaims any such obligation to update or alter its forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. I would now like to like to call like to turn the call over to Mr. Rob Berkeley.
Please go ahead. uh krista thank you very much and good afternoon good evening all thanks for for dialing in and let me echo krista's warm welcome to our q1 call so in addition to me on this end of the phone you also have executive chairman bill berkeley as well as principal financial officer uh rich baio we're going to follow our typical agenda where momentarily i'll be handing it over to rich he's going to run you all through some of the highlights from the quarter. I will follow behind him with a couple of additional observations, and then we'll be very pleased to open it up for Q&A. Before I hand it over to Rich, maybe just a soundbite or two from me, perhaps stating the obvious, or not perhaps, actually stating the obvious. I think the world is chock-a-block full of volatility these days, these weeks, these months, and perhaps this year and maybe beyond. It seems to be presenting itself in a variety of different ways, political, social, economic, and certainly natural catastrophes as well. But it is without a doubt a moment where the realities of risk adjusted return come into very sharp focus and from our perspective it applies to both of the business activities that we participate in that being underwriting and investing the resilience of our business model was once again demonstrated uh over the first quarter And we feel as though it is another example of how this organization is not just built to perform well during moments where there is a tailwind or smooth seas, but in fact it is built to continue to excel or succeed during more challenging environment circumstances. from our perspective it's very important to not lose sight of the goal of the exercise the goal is to create value and in our opinion it's not just about the steps forward you take it's also about the steps backwards that you avoid so as we talk about the quarter there is going to be no but fours there is going to be no lipstick on the pig or any other analogy we're going to talk about what the results were with cat activity and with a variety of other events and how we managed to navigate through it it is the the reality again that when it comes to value creation and the power of compounding and what that means for value creation avoiding steps backwards is very consequential so with that i will hand it over to rich rich if you want to run us through the highlights, please. And I apologize every now and then if you hear a cough or a sneeze here in the Northeast, it is very much peak allergy season.
Richie, over to you. Great. Thanks, Rob. Appreciate it. And good evening, everyone. As you saw, the company started 2025 with a strong first quarter, reporting net income of $418 million, or $1.04 per share, and an annualized return on beginning-of-year equity of 19.9%. Despite significant industry-wide catastrophic activity led by the California wildfires, we continue to demonstrate stability in underwriting earnings and continued growth in net investment income. Operating earnings were $405 million, or $1.01 per share, yielding an annualized return on beginning-of-year equity of 19.3%. The calendar year combined ratio was 90.9% and the current accident year combined ratio excluding cat losses was 87.2%. The driver for this difference was cat losses of 3.7 loss ratio points or 111 million dollars representing an above average cat quarter primarily attributable to the California wildfires. Car year development was favorable in the current quarter by approximately one million dollars with small offsets between segments accordingly the current accident year loss ratio excluding caps was 59.4 percent representing a 30 basis point increase over the prior year largely due to business mix the expense ratio of 27.8 percent continues to benefit from the growth in net premiums earned which grew to a record three three billion dollars In addition, the 80 basis point improvement over the prior year quarter includes a non-recurring compensation-related benefit of approximately half of this amount. We believe the expense ratio should be comfortably below 30% for the full year as we continue to invest in our newer operating units and make investments in our infrastructure. As it relates to premium production, the company grew net premiums written to a record of more than 3.1 billion dollars. The insurance segment grew 10.2 percent to our second best quarter of 2.7 billion dollars with growth in all lines of business. The reinsurance and monoline excess segment grew 8.2 percent to a record quarter of 439 million dollars with growth in property and excess workers compensation partially offset by a small decrease in casualty. Turning to investments, net investment income increased 12.6% to $360 million. The improvement is primarily attributable to two items. First, our record net invested assets of $30.7 billion and higher new money rates on our growing fixed maturity portfolio, along with strong operating cash flows in the quarter of $744 million. dollars and second higher investment fund income arising from transportation and financial services related sectors as a reminder we report investment funds on a one-quarter lag and with the recent volatility seen in the equity markets you may expect some correlation between public and private equity markets accordingly we anticipate investment fund income may be at the lower end of our quarterly range of $10 to $20 million in the next quarter. The credit quality of our portfolio remains very strong at a AA- with a duration on our fixed maturity portfolio, including cash and cash equivalents, increasing from the fourth quarter of 2.6 years to the current quarter of 2.7 years. Foreign currency losses in the quarter of $19 million related to weakening U.S. dollar relative to most other currencies. Offsetting this income statement loss is an improvement in the currency translation loss in stockholders' equity of $24 million. The effective tax rate was 22.5% in the quarter and we continue to expect 2025 will be 23% plus or minus. Stockholders' equity increased by more than $500 million or 6.2% over the beginning of year to a record $8.9 billion. Book value per share before dividends and share repurchases grew 7.1% in the quarter, and our balance sheet remains strong with cash and cash equivalents of more than $1.9 billion and financial leverage of 24.2%, the lowest level in decades with no debt maturities until 2037. Rob, with that, I'll turn it back to you.
Okay. Rich, thank you very much. That was great. Let me offer a couple of additional comments just to piggyback on what Rich just shared. As far as the top line goes, you know, it came in where we were up about 10 percent or to be more specific, if I were a CPA, I would call it 9.9 percent, but we were pretty pleased with that. Obviously rate contributed to that, ex-conf coming in at 8.3 percent. In addition to that, the renewal retention ratio continues to hang around 80%. I mean, it's like ballast to the ship. It just doesn't move around very much. But I think it's a relevant data point because it tells you as we continue to push for rate and making sure that we're getting paid what we need to get paid, we are not turning the book. Drilling down a little bit more on the insurance front, particularly as it relates to market conditions, And I would tell you that professional liability has become particularly competitive. We've been talking to you all about the D&O market for some period of time. I would add cyber as well as far as competitive. And at the risk of being a little bit rude, which I apologize for in advance, I think transactional liability as far as the marketplace probably gets the stupid award. As far as maybe one other data point, we've chatted with you all about some of our reservations that are on workers' compensation and medical trend, and you might look at our numbers in the release and some of the exhibits and say, well, how does that reconcile with the growth that they're seeing? And let me, again, similar to last quarter, flag for you that the growth that we're seeing is really driven by specialty comp. And what do I mean by that? typically it's a little higher hazard in nature there is less competition and you're not seeing both regional and in particular national carriers trying to play the game and leverage the multi-line offering to get the comp so that continues to be a good opportunity from our perspective switching over to the other segment that being reinsurance and excess i would call out here I don't think we break out all this detail, but it'll be in the queue. And that is professional liability as a component of casualty. So our professional liability book as it relates to reinsurance was down a little over 25%. That is really just a reflection of market conditions. And quite frankly, our colleagues have the discipline and the courage to do the right So, we'll have to see. I've commented in the past how it seems like the reinsurance market, just as it was some number of years ago, sluggish to respond to property, particularly CAT. It seems as though, yet again, we're seeing something similar just in the casualty lines, and in particular, professional. So, we will stay tuned and see how that unfolds. Rich covered the loss ratio earlier as far as the XCAD accident year and how it ticked up about 30 basis points. As he mentioned, that's really due to mix. The only other comment I would make is we are paying close attention, as you would expect, to the tariffs, and it is a very fluid situation, as everyone has an appreciation. So trying to unpack that and figure out what it means for loss costs. that's something that we are working on actively and again as that comes into sharper focus that may be instructive to us as to how we think about both loss ratio as well as rate need. As far as the expense piece goes you know I would echo Rich's comment about comfortably under 30. The only other comment I would make yes he did flag that we had a bit of a benefit from an over accrual from last year so maybe that skewed it a little bit in the quarter but But arguably, it also meant that we overstated our expense ratio a little bit, as it turns out, last year. So it was actually a little bit better last year than we had reported. Slipping over to the investment. So really, things are firing on all cylinders, not that there aren't challenges, but we're really pleased with the portfolio, how it's managed, how it's been positioned. And Rich commented on the duration ticked out to 2.7 years and continue to maintain that very strong quality at a strong double A minus. I think one of the important punchlines here is the opportunity or the upside that we see, both on the underwriting side and now specifically in the investment side. So we have a book yield on the domestic portfolio of approximately 4.7%. We got what's rolling off the portfolio is something below that, so we're going to see some lift from that. And in addition to that, we have a new money rate that's probably give or take around 5.2%. You got a $30 billion investment portfolio, call it $27 billion or so, interest-sensitive slash fixed income, cash, et cetera. So if you call it 50-plus basis points and you apply that to $27 billion, that gives you a sense of where the earnings power is going. It's certainly possible that at some point you could see the interest rates at the shorter end of the curve come down. But from our perspective, the intermediate and longer-term end, we don't see that backing off. If anything, it could tick up from here. So long story short, the business had a very good quarter, to say the least. Flirting with a 20% return in an environment such as this, where we saw exceptional cat activity, I think is a very strong outcome. What is, in my opinion, even more encouraging is the rate adequacy that we continue to maintain while growing the business, and in addition to that, what we've been able to do with the investment portfolio. So as rosy as the picture is here, and it's not that there aren't headwinds and challenges, I think it's pretty evident that not only did we have a good quarter, but the balance of 25 is looking very encouraging, and the foundation that we're beginning to pour for 26 appears to be quite solid as well. So why don't, did you guys have anything else you Okay, then, Krista, why don't we take a pause there, and we're very pleased to open it up to any Q&A that folks would like to have.
Operator
Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad to raise your hand and join the queue. And if you'd like to withdraw that question, again, press star 1. Your first question comes from the line of Andrew Kiglerman with PG Securities. Please go ahead.
Close enough. Hey, good evening. I was particularly interested in the short tail lines, up 13%. Rob, what areas did you get excited about?
Because as I'm thinking about the property subset and and you called out rates being up 8.3 percent x property meaning like so and i'm sorry excuse me andrew i beg your pardon is 8.3 x comp i i'm sorry if i missed oh okay so it's 8.3 x comp thank you that is okay sure and as far as the the growth goes you know we're seeing we continue to see opportunity on the property lines. And in addition to that, we are seeing opportunity in the A&H space as well. And those are probably the big drivers as far as the short tail.
I see, A&H and property. And within the property component, I mean, I guess property pricing is, you know, there's so many sub lines, but I'm hearing kind of down mid single digit. Could you maybe elaborate a little bit on that? Like what, what property lines do you like and what are you seeing in, in rate in, in property?
So as far as the, the insurance market space, with regards to property, and obviously it's a pretty broad space, we continue to see opportunity to push rate at a pretty healthy pace on the risk front, on the cap front, certainly there's a bit more competition, particularly coming out of the likes of Lloyd's, both directly as well as through binding authorities that they seem to, for some reason, be empowering. In addition to that, Berkeley One, our private client, High Net Worth Personalized Business, continues to be able to demonstrate their considerable value proposition to the marketplace and grow their footprint while simultaneously taking very healthy rates. And then lastly, our A&H business, which has a rich history of performing at a very high level, continues to be able to capitalize on market conditions.
Got it. And in the reinsurance segment, I mean, again, you put up another fabulous combined ratio. I guess you did an 85.4, and that's even with 10.9 points of cash. Should we be thinking about that as a stable kind of run rate for reinsurance? I mean...
Well, I think that we are very pleased with of the performance of the business and how our colleagues very effectively positioned it. I don't think any of us know what tomorrow will bring with certainty that having been said, I think the portfolio and how it has been created and put together has put us on very firm ground, both where we are today and how we're positioned to capitalize tomorrow. So I think that we, again, remain very encouraged with that business. Awesome. Thanks for the questions. Have a good afternoon.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Elise Greenspan with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Hi, Elise. Good afternoon.
My first question, I know I think in the prepared remarks, you guys said, you know, pointed out the $1 million of development in the quarter, and I think said it seems like nothing to call out in the segments. would you be willing to give us just, if it's immaterial numbers, just how much reserves in the quarter moved in both insurance and reinsurance?
Yeah, Richie, do you, I don't have them. Rich, do you have each segment? Because it was, you know, again, I think people look at the combined and they kind of grasp their head, but we got a lot of moving pieces that come out to this in the wash. So what were the pieces?
So for the insurance segment, it was 11 million dollars unfavorable prior year development and in the reinsurance and monoline access it was favorable by 12 million thanks and then um my second question was on the um underlying loss ratio i think you guys said mix right and the prior question right hit on reinsurance which which had a strong improvement in the quarter you know we did see you know some you know, year-over-year deterioration in insurance in the Q1. Can you just, I'm assuming maybe mix was, you know, also attributed to that segment. Can you just, you know, walk us through, you know, what was, you know, going on within the underlying loss ratio and insurance in the Q1?
Go ahead, Richie. Sure. So, as you pointed out, Elise, yes, it is business mix. Obviously, one of the elements that plays into that is also our outward reinsurance purchasing that we do. And you might recall, we purchase reinsurance both at the group level, but we also purchase it at the operating unit level. And we've got 58 plus operating units across the group. So theoretically, if some businesses are growing, others are shrinking, perhaps the level of reinsurance plays into that because of the impact on the seeding commissions, on the quarter share arrangements, et cetera. So that's really in large part what drives that 30 basis point swing from the prior quarter.
Thanks. And then my last one, obviously, you know, you guys recently announced that, you know, Misumi Sumitomo is going to take, right, the 15% stake in the company. I know in in the presentation that was put out, it pointed to them starting in May. I'm not sure if this is a question for you or them, but is there an update on the regulatory process, and is that May time frame still intact?
So, they are going through the process that they need to go through, and we try to be helpful as we would with any shareholder, but I think as you pointed out, but at least it's more of a question for them than for us. We are not in all of the details and won't be in the details because we are not going to be precluded from being able to repurchase stock in the ordinary course as we have in the past.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Rob Cox with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Hi. Good afternoon. Hey, I wanted to zone back in on the tariffs impact. I know you guys are still assessing, but maybe specifically on the property lines of business and the high net worth homeowners, how are you thinking about what the impact of tariffs might be?
Well, as you'd expect, Rob, we're particularly focused on the shorter tail lines, both auto, particularly around the physical damage, as well as property. But I think it would be a mistake for one to discount other lines as well. So for example, workers' compensation and what the impact could be around pharma. A lot of drugs are manufactured outside of the United States. So it's something that we're very focused on. The whole tariff situation, again, as mentioned earlier, and I know you and others appreciate is very fluid. We are doing our best to try and read the tea leaves and we are actively doing a variety of different analyses to try and figure out what this means for lost ticks and how that would instruct rate need. So yes, does it have an impact on property? Yeah, potentially it would. Would that include personal lines and homeowners? Without a doubt. And certainly another obvious one is autophysical damage. But while those may be the two more significant spots, I would encourage folks not to underestimate or completely ignore other product lines as well.
Got it. That's very helpful. And then maybe just as a follow-up on the pricing. sounds like it accelerated 60 basis points or so in the quarter. You know, what are you seeing in terms of outliers by line of business? Is that any different from recent quarters, and what kind of drove the acceleration?
Yeah, I think it's pretty consistent with what we've seen in the past, and there are some product lines that we've talked about in the past, like auto liability as an example, where we are very focused on lost cost trends. social inflation and doing what we need to do to keep up with that and other liability lines as well. But as we've called out in the past, auto liability and particularly umbrella and how the auto liability feeds the umbrella exposure are areas that we continue to push pretty hard on. But I also would suggest that I wouldn't get overly preoccupied with 60 basis points. one way or the other. I would suggest, in my mind, the takeaway is that the company remains very focused on rate adequacy and keeping up with trend. And I think that is evidenced both in what we've delivered this quarter as well as what we've delivered for the past many quarters.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Mike Zermenski with BMO. Please go ahead.
Hey, Mike. Good afternoon.
Hey, good afternoon. I guess, you know, going back to the macro and appreciating that, you know, with the tariffs, there's lots of uncertainty, but I'm maybe curious if you can kind of talk high level about your view on work comp profitability under a recession scenario? I know you just kind of typically said, you know, keeping an eye on tariffs impact on pharma costs, but I'm, you know, I guess curious more specifically as higher than historical wage inflation levels, has that been a material tailwind in recent years that we should be thinking about too under a recession scenario or just any kind of high level thoughts given that this line of business continues to be just highly profitable and we're getting a lot of recession questions. Thanks.
So I think the answer is yes. I think coming out of COVID when we saw significant wage inflation that comfortably outpaced much of the medical inflation equation, that created a bit more tailwind or wiggle room for the industry obviously that can cut both ways and uh you know medical costs are a little bit of more than 50 percent of every claims dollar so one should not in our opinion underestimate the significance around that so long story short uh to your point mike i think it does cut both ways and one will need to see how it unfolds but you know again as far as the the growth that we're seeing in comp it partly has been to due to wage uh inflation but even more so as we flagged earlier today as well as i think in the prior call we see opportunity in some of the comp market that is less commoditized and is more specialty in nature. So yeah, I think to get to your specific question, I think wage inflation was a plus, but that can cut both ways. And to your point, I think people need to be very conscious of that.
Okay. That's very helpful. I'd be switching gears a bit to to lawsuit you know slash social inflation if um you know thinking kind of um looking at you know berkeley's at um that disclosure and just the industries as well you know other liability occurrence continues to be i know you said no analogies but right kind of pig through the python um you know do you feel um pricing levels for other liability the occurrence. I know that it works its way through different lines, but do you feel that pricing is at kind of a level where directionally Berkeley can start playing offense, or do we really need to continue to see a material increase in pricing there to really feel like the coast is clear?
I think that we've done a pretty good job keeping up with it, and the question really is how the balance of the market will behave, and we are encouraged by what we saw, quite frankly, more recently with additional discipline coming into the market in certain product lines. That having been said, we don't know necessarily what tomorrow will bring, so will there be an opportunity for us to accelerate the growth? We'll have to see with time, Mike. But, again, one of the things, and I think you're in some ways flagging it right now, is how different the market is and how product lines have decoupled. And one of the benefits that we as an organization are enjoying is the breadth of our offering. So there are parts of the marketplace that we participate in where we are maintaining very much of a defensive posture, and there are other parts of the marketplace where we're finding opportunity to lean in. other liability occurrence, you know, we'll have to see how it unfolds. Clearly, there are many folks that have taken some bumps and bruises, particularly on the excess and umbrella. And historically, that would suggest that will lead to opportunity. And if that is the case, we look forward to participating.
Okay, got it. I'll sneak in just a follow-up question to Rob Cox's question and your answer about tariffs impacting um more than just the um the auto line um you know i probably just need to do more homework myself but is there have you have you been willing to to quantify just directionally you know uh commercial property would put tariffs under their current form potentially you know impact um loss ratio by like just i don't know if you have a corridor like very low single digit so uh mike the the answer is that the tariff discussion coming out of washington particularly led by the administration i think is still a bit of
a moving target so for us to put uh a number down right now that's i'm hoping that that's something we can do give or take 90 days from now for you and others but right now i think it would be premature my message to you is that we are very focused on it and making sure that we will take the appropriate action from a loss ratio as well as what that input what those implications are from a pricing perspective as well the short answer is is it if it comes to be as it's been advertised yeah it's gonna drive up lost cost do I have a number for you no not that would be particularly really valuable to you or valuable to us sharing with anyone at this moment.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Josh Shanker with Bank of America. Please go ahead. Good evening, everyone.
We're doing great. How are you? Good, good. Thank you. I wanted to dig into some of the comments. You mentioned in your prepared remarks that you have to concentrate on specialty workers' comp to understand why Berkeley grew in the quarter in an otherwise tepid comp environment, but you always have a specialty as what you're writing.
Were there a few unique opportunities that you saw in 1Q25, and should we expect that workers' comp is going to be a unique area that Berkeley's able to grow for the next few quarters while the industry struggles uh so i think that maybe thanks for flagging that josh and let me try and do a better job articulating the thought than i did you're absolutely right that uh by and large all we do is specialty in nature but some of what we do that is specialty in nature oftentimes by the standard market is mistakenly not recognized as specialty and that tends to be smaller and mid-sized accounts. So as they are mistakenly coming into that marketplace, that creates more competition and we have no qualms letting that part of the portfolio shrink. That having been said, what I was attempting to flag was there is a part of the comp market which is perhaps even more specialized. And what I mean by that it's even higher hazard in nature where the standard market has a greater recognition for the complexity and is less inclined to try and come into that marketplace and cut rates and try and leverage their multi-line offering. So apologies if I muddied the waters, but hopefully that adds a bit of clarity.
And is there anything we can use by looking at this number to think about the remainder of the year?
Well, you know, Josh, both you and I, along with others, know that nobody knows exactly what tomorrow will bring. If market conditions in that part of the comp market continue as they have been more recently, then we will look forward to continuing to lean into that opportunity. If that opportunity or window of opportunity were to close, then you will see us do what you would expect us to do, and we will have no qualms letting the business move in a different direction or away from us.
So if I could ask the same question but about a different market, about commercial auto liability, it's been a tough market for a while, but this is the first time that I've really seen Berkeley's premium volume really fade compared to the prior quarters. Has something changed in the last three months?
I think what it is is just our commitment to rate adequacy and the rest of the marketplace has been a bit sluggish, particularly earlier in Q1. I would tell you more recently, perhaps there's early signs of a green shoot coming through. Hard to know whether that is green grass or a weed, but we remain hopeful.
Okay. And if I can sneak one other in, you know, Andrew mentioned about the cats. Notably, Berkeley has no exposure to California homeowners, which they avoided the, didn't avoid completely, obviously, but they avoided the line of business that was most exposed to the biggest cat in the quarter. Yet this was quite a big quarter for catastrophe losses for Berkeley. Has the premium footprint changed as you've moved into shorter tail lines and exposed yourself more to property such that we should revise our priors and how we think Berkeley's fat loss exposure evolves relative to the market more broadly?
Josh, so the way I would answer that is no, not really. First off, as far as the homeowners piece, I want to make sure there's no misunderstanding. It wasn't that Berkeley 1 didn't get to expanding to California. A conscious and deliberate decision was made not to enter California. As far as the balance of the loss, as it relates to that, it has to do with our commercial lines book, and we have felt as though the property market, as we've talked about in the past, is reasonably well priced, and that's why we were prepared to take on a bit more exposure. I think that view was validated because if you look at the result we delivered, even with having opportunistically modestly expanded our footprint or participation in the property space, we still delivered a 19 plus percent return. so long story short do i think you should come away from this feeling like there's been a sea change in our approach to property and cat exposed property no i think that would be a mistake do i what do i hope that you'll continue to recognize that we are an organization that is opportunistic and when we see things that are well priced we're willing to take on a bit more exposure yes i would hope that that would be the takeaway but no there is not a sea change in our appetite for uh cat if you will and that's why arguably a 40 to 50 billion dollar event uh relative to our size i think by any measure we are underweighted as far as our cat loss well thank you for all the answers appreciated thanks for calling in Your next question comes from the line of David Motumadam with Evercore ISI.
Operator
Please go ahead.
Hi, David. Good afternoon.
Hey, good afternoon, Rob. I had just a follow-up question on the reserve development within the insurance segment, the 11 million. I was hoping to get a little bit more detail in terms of some of the moving pieces there. uh i don't have that in in front of me if you'd like maybe you could give karen or richard call uh tomorrow and we can unpack it i think we have about 17 billion dollars of reserves so i didn't view 11 million dollars is to be all and end all but we're happy to do our best to unpack that for you great thanks um and then um you know i was um i know not a big line for you guys either but the the property reinsurance growth uh was a pretty nice tail in this quarter um you know ticked up quite a bit i guess um how should we think about how sustainable uh
growth is in that market uh within the property cap market i think it depends on you know what what tomorrow holds how when the day is all done the property market particularly as it relates to reinsurance was not as rosy at this 1-1 as it was a year earlier, but we still think that it's well-priced. But as we've demonstrated in the past, whether it's property or any product line, if that opportunity shifts and is less attractive, we're very happy to let it go. So what will tomorrow bring? I don't know, but right now we think that there's still a reasonable risk adjusted return to be had uh that having been said you know we we all saw a fair amount of erosion at one one so i don't know if there's another year or not in the tank got it thanks um and then um maybe just lastly so there's been um some efforts at tort reform in georgia i know you guys are a decent-sized player in Georgia within GL and commercial auto.
I guess, just curious on your thoughts in terms of, you know, what that does to sort of address some of the social inflation issues that have been problematic there.
I guess the short answer is we're pleased that it's getting the attention. Not sure if it's enough, but it's a step in the right direction. All right. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Mark Hughes with Truist Securities. Please go ahead.
Hey, Rob. How are you? I'm fine.
Anything to say on admitted versus ENF and the mixed shift that seems like it's continued in ENF?
How did you see that play out this quarter and any commentary on submission growth? would be great so using a pretty broad brush we are pretty pleased with the continued flow in the ENS market ever increasing particularly around some of the liability lines casualty in particular and for that matter excess and umbrella as far as the property piece goes there's still opportunity me there but probably a bit less than there was yesterday um january was a little bit more
challenging but we were very pleased to see how the balance of a quarter unfolded and found it to be quite encouraging thank you for that and then rich on the reinsurance purchasing that you talked about influencing the mix which influenced the current accident year is that an ongoing phenomenon do you think or is that there's some timing about the purchasing of that reinsurance that might have influenced q1 more than others i don't think it has to do with the timing of the purchasing it really is just driven by each of those operations whether they're growing or
shrinking or moving in or out of particular businesses and what the contribution is to the overall. So if you have a business as an example that we quota share some of that out to third party reinsurers and you don't have as much net premiums written contributing to the overall total net premiums written, it will obviously have an impact one way or the other. So no, I think if you look at our session rate, we kind of hover in that high 14 to low 15 percent rate. So I think that our session rate is pretty consistent from period to period. It's really just the composition across the 58 plus operating units.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Andrew Anderson with Jeffries. Please go ahead.
Hi, Andrew. Good afternoon. Hey, good afternoon. Just on casualty reinsurance, you had mentioned the professional liability component. I was just hoping you could touch on kind of the rate and discipline that you're seeing in the market and expectations or thoughts of that maybe improving as we go through the year?
So the punchline is a lot of it has to do with a fair amount of it has to do with D&O, a fair amount of it has to do with cyber and transactional as well. And to make a long story short, it's not that we're writing the same number of treaties and the rate's just getting cut or the underlying is collecting less premium, it's our colleagues drawing a line in the sand and saying this treaty does not make any sense to us any longer. We are not going to do it given the economics, which we very much applaud. Thank you, Kevin.
Got it. So maybe still some non-renewals as we go throughout the year on that line, perhaps?
Obviously, 1-1 is a big date. But we'll have to see how it unfolds. But again, of course, the stuff, it comes through throughout the year.
Okay. And then just on specialty workers' comp, is the rate there kind of similar to traditional workers' comp? Or what are you seeing in that market?
It's a healthier market where we find the rates are higher and we think the rate adequacy is more appropriate. thank you thank you your next question comes from the line of brian meredith with ubs please go ahead yes thanks hey how are you two quick ones here for you first one just on the property reinsurance again were there any color reinstatement premiums or anything in there that may have kind of elevated the growth on a year-over-year basis just given the cat losses not material okay excellent and actually next one is for is for bill um just curious bill um
during the 1970s we had stagflation maybe give us tell us what that kind of means for the commercial insurance industry and kind of what it was like back then with stagflationary environment well first of all that's age discrimination I think that stagflation was a problem, but the inflation was somewhat different. It was much more focused, and you saw it wasn't quite across the board in the stagnant economy. There were a lot of different moving parts, but I think that the industry, when that happened, went through a tough period of pricing pressures, but it wasn't a disaster by any means. I think the industry was able to move along, raising prices, and keep up with that. But there was less growth because the economy really wasn't growing. So less growth, pricing was okay, and the industry's lifeblood of new companies and change was diminished. So, flexible, modest size and larger size companies did well. Not a lot of new companies getting started was really when we were just getting into the business and you had lots of issues including things we faced when we were just getting into the business. So, in fact, just looking back at what that was, it opened the doors to really a much improving period of time. But margins were not what they were, although interest rates moved up. So we had improving interest rates. That was when interest rates started to move up, where they had been settled at 3% to where they became settled at 6%. So it was an okay time for the industry if you paid attention to risk. But overall, bigger companies did better than smaller companies, and opportunities exist still. So like everything, there's no broad brush that gives you an answer. Very, very differentiated.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Wes Carmichael with Autonomous Research. Please go ahead.
Hey, good evening. I just wanted to come back quickly to the increase in the underlying loss ratio that was driven by MIX. And Rich, I heard your commentary on reinsurance and I don't think it sounds like it, but I just want to confirm, is there any MIX standpoint on the expense ratio that you're saying?
There could be as well, because as I was alluding to earlier, depending on the contribution from quota shares with seating commissions, that could also have an impact on the expense ratio. So, yes.
In this case, that was less the case in the quarter.
Okay. Understood. Thank you. And then just in the insurance segment, I wondered if you could just unpack growth a bit more. And Rob, you talked a bit about workers' comp for a while. So, any more color on the other lines, including other liabilities that you might call out in the quarter or going forward?
I think it's a combination of just making sure we're staying on top of it with the rate and market conditions where we are seeing opportunity to grow. And we are making the most of that where the opportunities are. So long story short, some of the product lines it's rate, rate, rate all day like auto as an example. There are other product lines where rate adequacy remains very important and market conditions are such that it's allowing us not just to grow through rate but to grow through exposure.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Mayor Shields with KBW. Please go ahead.
Thanks. If I can go back to the specialty workers' compensation driving the growth, are the underwriting and claims handling tools different from the prior book of workers' compensation at Berkeley?
Sorry, what was the last piece, Mayor, I beg your pardon? Are they different from what?
So the legacy, in other words, the workers' compensation business that you've written over the last few years?
Well, I think the answer is that each one of the businesses are specialized in nature, and some of the opportunity, as we alluded to earlier, with some of the higher hazard is creating a meaningful opportunity for us, and we are leaning into that. And is it? Yes, it has teams of people, as you know, were set up a decentralized structure with different businesses with their own focus and expertise to support that area of focus or to go hand in hand with that area of focus.
So the answer is yes. okay um and then completely changing topics so in the press release uh confirming mitsuisi butomo uh their president and ceo talked about deploying their network to grow the value of their investment which i think means berkeley i'm hoping you could flesh out what that means uh in terms of growth potential for berkeley uh we'll have to see over time obviously they are a large organization with a meaningful footprint in different parts of the world and if there's opportunity for us to partner with them and bring some of our expertise and skills
then if that's something that makes sense for the business that's something that we're very open to okay but that's nothing nothing 2025 uh we'll we'll have to see okay fair enough thank you very much thank you and that concludes our question and answer session and I will now turn the call over to mr. Robert Lee for closing comments Krista thank you very much and thank you all for for dialing in as suggested earlier I think by any measure a very solid quarter let alone when we had a cat of this size additionally I think it was a very encouraging the top line that we were able to enjoy and of course that was nicely complemented by the continued benefits on the investment portfolio as well thank you all and we look forward to connecting with you in 90 days or so have a good night this concludes today's conference call thank you for your participation and you may now disconnect
