Amkor Technology, Inc 10-Q for FY2020 Q3
Amkor Technology, Inc. (AMKR)
10-Q
2020-10-30
For: 2020-09-30
View Original
Added on
April 10, 2026
About this 10-Q
Amkor Technology, Inc filed this 10-Q on October 30, 2020, covering the quarter ended September 30, 2020 (FY2020 Q3).
Headline figures
Quarter ended September 30, 2020, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $1.35B
- up 24.9% from $1.08B a year earlier
- Net income
- $92.15M
- up 70.4% from net income of $54.07M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $0.38
- up 65.2% from $0.23 a year earlier
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||||||
| For the Quarterly Period Ended | |||||||||||
| or | |||||||||||
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||||||
| For the transition period from to | |||||||||||
Commission File Number 000-29472
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State of incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |||||||||||||
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(480 ) 821-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company | |||||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Common Stock as of October 23, 2020 was 242,446,149 .
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||||
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including but not limited to statements regarding (1) the amount, timing and focus of our expected capital investments in 2020 including expenditures in support of advanced packaging and test equipment, (2) our ability to fund our operating activities and financial requirements for the next twelve months, (3) the effect of changes in revenue levels and capacity utilization on our gross margin, (4) the impact of the novel coronavirus disease, or Covid-19, pandemic on our operations and financial results, (5) the focus of our research and development activities, (6) the anticipated impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) and tax law changes in the jurisdictions in which we operate, (7) the grant and expiration of tax holidays in jurisdictions in which we operate and expectations regarding our effective tax rate and the availability of tax incentives, (8) the creation or release of valuation allowances related to taxes in the future, (9) our repurchase or repayment of outstanding debt, (10) payment of dividends, (11) compliance with our covenants, (12) expected contributions to foreign pension plans and potential future conversion of our unfunded severance plan in Korea into a defined contribution plan, (13) liability for unrecognized tax benefits and the potential impact of our unrecognized tax benefits on our effective tax rate, (14) expected timing of and charges related to restructuring activities, (15) the effect of foreign currency exchange rate exposure on our financial results, (16) the volatility of the trading price of our common stock, (17) changes to our internal controls related to integration of acquired operations and implementation of an enterprise resource planning system, (18) our efforts to enlarge our customer base in certain geographic areas and markets, (19) demand for advanced packages in mobile and automotive devices and our technology leadership and potential growth in this market, (20) projects to install and integrate new information technology systems or upgrade our existing systems and (21) other statements that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “intend” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Because such statements include risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in the following report as well as in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
-1-
Item 1. Financial Statements
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other expense, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Amkor | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Amkor per common share: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares used in computing per common share amounts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-2-
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments to net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt investments | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to unrealized components of defined benefit pension plans | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to Amkor | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-3-
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
Short-term investments (amortized cost of $ | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net of allowances | |||||||||||
| Inventories | |||||||||||
| Other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease right of use assets | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Trade accounts payable | |||||||||||
| Capital expenditures payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Pension and severance obligations | |||||||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total Amkor stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries | |||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-4-
| Additional Paid- In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Amkor Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiaries | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Treasury Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Par Value | Shares | Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock acquired through surrender of shares for tax withholding | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock through share-based compensation plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsidiary dividends to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock acquired through surrender of shares for tax withholding | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock through share-based compensation plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsidiary dividends to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-5-
| Additional Paid- In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Amkor Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiaries | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Treasury Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Par Value | Shares | Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock acquired through surrender of shares for tax withholding | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock through share-based compensation plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsidiary dividends to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock acquired through surrender of shares for tax withholding | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock through share-based compensation plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsidiary dividends to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-6-
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Other operating activities and non-cash items | |||||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Payments for property, plant and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from insurance recovery for property, plant and equipment | |||||||||||
| Payments for short-term investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of short-term investments | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments | |||||||||||
| Other investing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from revolving credit facilities | |||||||||||
| Payments of revolving credit facilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from short-term debt | |||||||||||
| Payments of short-term debt | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Payments of long-term debt | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Payments of finance lease obligations | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other financing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment included in capital expenditures payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
-7-
1. Interim Financial Statements
Unbilled Receivables. Total unbilled receivables as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $150.3 million and $125.4 million, respectively.
Contract Liability. The company often receives cash payments from customers in advance of the company’s performance. In such cases, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligation is satisfied, which represents a contract liability and is included in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. These contract liabilities are classified as either current or long-term based on the timing of when the company expects to recognize revenue. Contract liabilities were $50.1 million and $17.5 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the short-term portion of the liability was $27.0 million and $16.2 million, respectively. Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period was $12.5 million and $14.5 million, respectively.
2. Net Sales by Product Group and End Market
Net sales by product group consist of the following:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advanced products (1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mainstream products (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Advanced products include flip chip and wafer-level processing and related test services.
(2) Mainstream products include wirebond packaging and related test services.
-8-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Net sales by end market consist of the following:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Communications (handheld devices, smartphones, tablets) | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Consumer (connected home, set-top boxes, televisions, visual imaging, wearables) | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Automotive, industrial and other (driver assist, infotainment, performance, safety) | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Computing (data center, infrastructure, PC/laptop, storage) | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total net sales | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||
3. Other Income and Expense
Other income and expense consist of the following:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency (gain) loss, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on debt retirement | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
4. Income Taxes
Income tax expense of $33.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 reflects income taxes, foreign withholding taxes and minimum taxes.
Unrecognized tax benefits represent reserves for potential tax deficiencies or reductions in tax benefits that could result from federal, state or foreign tax audits. Gross unrecognized tax benefits increased from $26.2 million at December 31, 2019 to $30.0 million as of September 30, 2020, primarily due to increases related to income attribution, offset by
-9-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
5. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income attributable to Amkor common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The weighted-average number of common shares outstanding is reduced for treasury stock.
Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options and unvested restricted shares.
The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted EPS:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Amkor common stockholders | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of dilutive securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options and restricted share awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Amkor per common share: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the potential shares of common stock that were excluded from diluted EPS because the effect of including these potential shares was anti-dilutive:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options and restricted share awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||
-10-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
6. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, consist of the following:
| Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Debt Investments (1) | Defined Benefit Pension (2) | Foreign Currency Translation | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Defined Benefit Pension (2) | Foreign Currency Translation | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2018 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at September 30, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are included as other (income) expense, net (Note 3).
(2) Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are included as a component of net periodic pension cost (Note 12) or other (income) expense, net (Note 3).
7. Investments
We classify our short-term investments in fixed income securities as available-for-sale debt investments, except for one foreign government security classified as held-to-maturity and recorded at amortized cost. All of our available-for-sale debt investments as of September 30, 2020 are available to fund current operations and are recorded at fair value (Note 13). Unrealized gains and losses on our available-for-sale debt investments are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. Realized gains and losses on our available-for-sale debt investments and declines in value judged to be an impairment are included in other (income) expense, net. The cost of short-term investments matured or sold is based on the average cost method.
In determining if and when a decline in value below the adjusted cost of our available-for-sale debt investments is an impairment, we evaluate on an ongoing basis the market conditions, trends of earnings, financial condition, credit ratings, any underlying collateral and other key measures for our short-term investments. An impairment is considered if (i) we have the intent to sell the security, (ii) it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of the entire amortized cost basis or (iii) we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the
-11-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
security. If impairment is considered on condition (i) or (ii) above, the entire difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of the debt security is recognized in earnings. If impairment is considered based on condition (iii), the amount representing credit losses will be recognized in earnings and as an allowance for credit losses. The amount relating to all other factors will be recognized in other comprehensive income.
The following table summarizes our cash equivalents and available-for-sale debt investments:
| September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Level | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses (1) | Total Fair Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificate of deposits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cash equivalents | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificate of deposits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage backed securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agency bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable rate demand notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total short-term investments | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)All unrealized losses have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months. We do not intend to sell the investments in an unrealized loss position, and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases.
The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of our cash equivalents and available-for-sale debt investments as of September 30, 2020:
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Within 1 year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| After 1 year through 5 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| After 5 years through 10 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-12-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
As of September 30, 2020, the amortized cost and the fair market value of our held-to-maturity security (Level 1) maturing within a year is $4.6
The following table summarizes our debt investments as of December 31, 2019:
| December 31, 2019 | |||||
| (In thousands) | |||||
| Cash equivalent money market funds (Level 1) (1) | $ | ||||
| Short-term investment government bond (Level 2) (2) | |||||
(1)The cash equivalent money market funds (Level 1) at December 31, 2019 have been corrected to include $286.7 million of cash equivalents that were excluded in previously reported amounts. There was no change to total cash and cash equivalents reported on our consolidated balance sheet. We determined this was immaterial to the prior period but have presented the balance as revised for comparability.
8. Factoring of Accounts Receivable
9. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Land | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Buildings and improvements | |||||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | |||||||||||
| Finance lease assets | |||||||||||
| Software and computer equipment | |||||||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and other equipment | |||||||||||
| Construction in progress | |||||||||||
| Total property, plant and equipment | |||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total property, plant and equipment, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
-13-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes our depreciation expense:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
10. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following:
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Payroll and benefits | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue and customer advances | |||||||||||
| Income taxes payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued severance plan obligations | |||||||||||
| Short-term finance lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accrued interest | |||||||||||
| Other accrued expenses | |||||||||||
| Total accrued expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
-14-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
11. Debt
Following is a summary of short-term borrowings and long-term debt:
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Debt of Amkor Technology, Inc.: | |||||||||||
| Senior notes: | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Debt of subsidiaries: | |||||||||||
| Amkor Technology Korea, Inc.: | |||||||||||
$ | |||||||||||
$ | |||||||||||
Term loan, fund floating rate plus | |||||||||||
Term loan, fixed rate at | |||||||||||
Term loan, applicable bank rate plus | |||||||||||
Term loan, applicable bank rate plus | |||||||||||
Term loan, applicable bank rate plus | |||||||||||
Term loan, LIBOR plus | |||||||||||
Term loan, applicable bank rate plus | |||||||||||
| Amkor Technology Japan, Inc.: | |||||||||||
| Short-term term loans, variable rate (9) | |||||||||||
Term loan, fixed rate at | |||||||||||
Term loan, fixed rate at | |||||||||||
Term loan, fixed rate at | |||||||||||
Term loan, fixed rate at | |||||||||||
| Amkor Assembly & Test (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.: | |||||||||||
Term loan, LIBOR plus | |||||||||||
Term loan, LIBOR Plus | |||||||||||
| Other: | |||||||||||
$ | |||||||||||
| Credit facility, TAIFX plus the applicable bank rate, due December 2024 (Taiwan) (11) | |||||||||||
| Less: Unamortized discount and deferred debt costs, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Less: Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1)In October 2019, we renewed our revolving credit facility agreement for a one-year term with availability of $30.0 million. Principal is payable at maturity, six months after draw of funds, and interest is payable monthly in arrears. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we borrowed $60.0 million and repaid the full $60.0 million. As of September 30, 2020, $30.0 million was available to be drawn. In October 2020, this revolving credit facility was renewed for one year with availability of $30.0 million.
-15-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(2)In May 2020, we entered into a revolving credit facility agreement with availability of $30.0 million which expires in December 2020. Principal is payable at maturity and interest is payable monthly in arrears, at an applicable bank rate plus 1.51 %. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we borrowed the $30.0 million and repaid the full $30.0 million. As of September 30, 2020, $30.0 million was available to be drawn.
(3)In December 2018, we entered into a term loan agreement pursuant to which we may borrow up to $90.0 million for capital expenditures. Principal is payable in semiannual installments and interest is payable quarterly in arrears (fixed at a weighted average of 4.21 % as of September 30, 2020). During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we drew down the remaining $24.0 million to repay our term loan due June 2020.
(4)In May 2020, we entered into a KRW ₩60 billion term loan agreement with the option to re-borrow the funds through May 2021. Principal is payable at maturity and interest is payable monthly in arrears, at a fixed rate of 1.80 %. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we borrowed and repaid ₩60 48.4 60 billion was available to be drawn.
(5)In July 2019, we entered into a $40.0 million term loan due July 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repaid the full $40.0 million term loan.
(6)In July 2019, we entered into a $140.0 million term loan due September 2022. Principal is payable at maturity, and interest is payable quarterly in arrears (fixed at a weighted average of 2.68 % as of September 30, 2020). During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we borrowed the remaining $80.0 million available under this loan and repaid $40.0 million.
(7)In April 2020, we entered into a KRW ₩150 billion term loan due April 2023. Principal is payable at maturity and interest is payable monthly in arrears (2.56 % as of September 30, 2020). We immediately borrowed the full ₩150 billion.
(8)In January 2020, we used proceeds from our term loan due December 2024 to repay $120.0 million of our term loan due December 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repaid an additional $60.0 million on the term loan due December 2023.
(9)We entered into various short-term term loans which mature semiannually. Principal and interest are payable in monthly installments. Interest as of September 30, 2020 is at TIBOR plus 0.15 % to 0.30 % (weighted average of 0.26 % as of September 30, 2020). As of September 30, 2020, $4.7 million was available to be drawn.
(10)In July 2018, our subsidiary, Amkor Technology Singapore Holding Pte, Ltd., entered into a $250.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which is guaranteed by Amkor Technology, Inc. The availability for our revolving credit facility is based on the amount of eligible accounts receivable. Principal is payable at maturity. Interest is payable monthly at LIBOR plus 1.25 % to 1.75 %. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we borrowed and repaid $150.0 250.0 million was available to be drawn.
Certain of our foreign debt is collateralized by the land, buildings, equipment and accounts receivable in the respective locations. The carrying value of all collateral exceeds the carrying amount of the collateralized debt.
The debt of Amkor Technology, Inc. is structurally subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future debt and other liabilities of our subsidiaries. From time to time, Amkor Technology, Inc. and Amkor Technology Singapore Holding Pte, Ltd. guarantee certain debt of our subsidiaries.
The agreements governing our indebtedness contain affirmative and negative covenants which restrict our ability to pay dividends and could restrict our operations. These restrictions are determined in part by calculations based upon
-16-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
cumulative net income or, in the case of our Singapore Revolver, borrowing availability. Dividend payments and stock repurchases are not currently restricted under our debt agreements.
We were in compliance with all debt covenants at September 30, 2020.
12. Pension Plans
Foreign Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Our subsidiaries in Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines and Taiwan sponsor defined benefit pension plans. Charges to expense are based upon actuarial analyses. The components of net periodic pension cost for these defined benefit pension plans are as follows:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized actuarial gain | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic pension cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The components of net periodic pension cost other than the service cost component are included in other (income) expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Defined Contribution Pension Plans
We sponsor defined contribution pension plans in Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan and the U.S. The following table summarizes our defined contribution expense:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined contribution expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Korean Severance Plan
13. Fair Value Measurements
-17-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
The fair values of cash, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable, capital expenditures payable, and certain other current assets and accrued expenses, approximate carrying values because of their short-term nature. The carrying value of certain other non-current assets and liabilities approximates fair value. Our assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include restricted cash money market funds and short-term investments, including investments classified as cash equivalents. We also review goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each year. Cash equivalent money market funds and restricted cash money market funds are invested in U.S. money market funds and various U.S. and foreign bank operating and time deposit accounts, which are due on demand or carry a maturity date of less than three months when purchased. No restrictions have been imposed on us regarding withdrawal of balances with respect to our cash equivalents as a result of liquidity or other credit market issues affecting the money market funds we invest in or the counterparty financial institutions holding our deposits. Short-term investments, including money market funds (Note 7), are valued as follows:
•Level 1: using quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets.
•Level 2: using quoted market prices for similar instruments or non-binding market prices that are corroborated by observable market data. We use inputs such as actual trade data, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes, and other similar data, which are obtained from quoted market prices, and independent pricing vendors to determine the fair value of these assets and liabilities.
Our derivative financial instruments are valued using quoted market prices for similar assets. Counterparties to these derivative contracts are highly rated financial institutions.
We also measure certain assets and liabilities, including property, plant and equipment and goodwill, at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
We measure the fair value of our debt for disclosure purposes. The following table presents the fair value of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes (Level 1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revolving credit facilities and term loans (Level 2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The estimated fair value of our senior notes is based primarily on quoted market prices reported on or near the respective balance sheet dates. The estimated fair value of our revolving credit facilities and term loans is calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis, which utilizes market-based assumptions including forward interest rates adjusted for credit risk.
14. Commitments and Contingencies
We generally warrant that our services will be performed in a professional and workmanlike manner and in compliance with our customers’ specifications. We accrue costs for known warranty issues. Historically, our warranty costs have been immaterial.
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in claims and legal proceedings and may become involved in other legal matters arising in the ordinary course of our business. We evaluate these claims and legal matters on a case-by-case basis to make a determination as to the impact, if any, on our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. Although the outcome of these matters is uncertain, we believe that the ultimate outcome of these claims and proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact to us. Our evaluation of the potential impact of these
-18-
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(Unaudited)
claims and legal proceedings on our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows could change in the future.
15. Restructuring and Other Exit Activities
As part of our ongoing efforts to improve our manufacturing operations and manage costs, we regularly evaluate our staffing levels and facility requirements compared to business needs. The following table summarizes our exit activities associated with these efforts. “Charges” represents the initial charge related to the exit activity. “Cash Payments” consists of the utilization of “Charges.” “Non-cash Amounts” consists of translation adjustments.
Japan Consolidation Activities
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded restructuring charges of $5.7 million and $9.5 million, respectively, associated with our Japan factory consolidation efforts. We recorded these charges to selling, general and administrative expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Income. All amounts accrued at September 30, 2020 are classified as current liabilities. We expect to complete these restructuring actions in the first half of fiscal 2021.
| Facility Costs (1) | Employee Separation Costs | Other Exit Costs (2) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrual at December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Charges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash payments | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash amounts | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrual at September 30, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total cumulative charges incurred to date | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Estimated additional charges to be incurred | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Facility costs primarily consist of equipment relocation costs directly resulting from the restructuring actions.
(2)Other exit costs primarily consist of employee relocation and training costs directly resulting from the restructuring actions.
16. Subsequent Events
-19-
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Amkor is one of the world’s leading providers of outsourced semiconductor packaging and test services. Our financial goals are sales growth and improved profitability. To achieve these goals, we are focused on generating increased value from our investments in advanced technologies, improving utilization of existing assets, executing our balanced growth strategy and selectively growing our scale and scope through strategic investments.
We are an industry leader in developing and commercializing cost-effective advanced packaging and test technologies. We believe these advanced technology solutions provide strong value to our customers and that this is particularly true in the mobile communications market, where growth generally outpaces the overall semiconductor industry. Advanced packages are now the preferred choice in both the high-end and the mid-range segments of the smartphone market, which together account for a high portion of mobile phone semiconductor value. The demand for advanced packages is also being driven by second-wave mobile device customers, who are transitioning out of wirebond into wafer-level and flip-chip packages. Interest in advanced packages for automotive applications is growing as well, largely due to new, data-intensive applications, which require increased pin count and performance. We believe that our technology leadership and this technology transition create significant growth opportunities for us.
We typically look for opportunities in the advanced packaging and test area where we can generate reasonably quick returns on investments made for customers seeking leading edge technologies. We also focus on developing a second wave of customers to fill the capacity that becomes available when leading edge customers transition to newer packaging and test equipment and platforms. In addition, we are seeking to add new customers and to deepen our engagement with existing customers. This includes an expanded emphasis on the automotive end market where semiconductor content continues to grow and in the analog area for our mainstream wirebond technologies.
From time to time, we identify attractive opportunities to grow our customer base and expand the markets we serve through joint ventures, acquisitions and other strategic investments. For example, in May 2017 we acquired Nanium, which has strengthened our position in the market for wafer-level fan-out packaging, and in December 2015, we completed the acquisition of our Japan operations. We believe that taking advantage of these opportunities helps to diversify our revenue streams, improve our profits, broaden our portfolio of services and maintain our technological leadership.
As a supplier in the semiconductor industry, our business is cyclical and impacted by broad economic factors. Historically, there has been a strong correlation between world-wide gross domestic product levels, consumer spending and semiconductor industry cycles. The semiconductor industry has experienced significant and sometimes prolonged cyclical upturns and downturns in the past. While customer demand for our services was strong throughout the third quarter of 2020, particularly in the communications and consumer end markets, there remains a risk that the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as its related impact on the world economy, will affect our results of operations in the future.
We have experienced only minor Covid-19 related disruptions to our operations. The full potential effect of the Covid-19 pandemic is unknown, and there is significant uncertainty related to the ultimate impact that the Covid-19 pandemic will have on our business, results of operations and financial condition. See Part II, Item 1A, including, “The Covid-19 Outbreak Has Impacted and May Continue to Impact the Supply Chain and Consumer Demand for Our Customers’ Products and Services, Which May Adversely Affect Our Business, Results of Operations, and Financial Condition” and “Dependence on the Highly Cyclical Semiconductor Industry - Our Packaging and Test Services Are Used in Volatile Industries and Industry Downturns, and Declines in Global Economic and Financial Conditions Could Harm Our Performance.”
We operate in a capital-intensive industry and have a significant level of debt. Servicing our current and future customers requires that we incur significant operating expenses and continue to make significant capital expenditures, which are generally made in advance of the related revenues and without firm customer commitments. We fund our operations, including capital expenditures and debt service requirements, with cash flows from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, borrowings under available credit facilities and proceeds from any additional financing. Maintaining an appropriate level of liquidity is important to our business and depends on, among other considerations, the performance of our business, our capital expenditure levels, our ability to repay debt out of our
-20-
operating cash flows or proceeds from debt or equity financings and our investment strategy. As of September 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $566.7 million and $356.2 million, respectively.
Our net sales, gross profit, operating income, cash flows, liquidity and capital resources have historically fluctuated significantly from quarter to quarter as a result of many factors, including the seasonality of our business, the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry and other factors discussed in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10--Q.
Financial Summary
Our net sales increased $270.1 million or 24.9% to $1,354.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $1,083.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was due to higher sales of advanced products in the communications and consumer end markets, partially offset by a decline in the automotive end market.
Gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased to 17.8% from 16.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to the increase in net sales, partially offset by changes in the mix of products sold toward products with higher material content.
Our capital expenditures totaled $275.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $328.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Our spending was primarily focused on investments in advanced packaging and test equipment.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $434.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $283.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to higher net sales and higher operating profit, partially offset by changes in our working capital.
In October 2020, our Board of Directors approved the initiation of a regular quarterly cash dividend on our common stock. The initial quarterly dividend is $0.04 per share.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain operating data as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Materials | 46.9 | % | 40.4 | % | 45.8 | % | 39.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Labor | 12.8 | % | 15.8 | % | 13.6 | % | 16.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other manufacturing costs | 22.5 | % | 27.0 | % | 23.7 | % | 29.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 17.8 | % | 16.8 | % | 16.9 | % | 14.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 9.4 | % | 7.3 | % | 8.1 | % | 4.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Amkor | 6.8 | % | 5.0 | % | 5.7 | % | 0.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
Net Sales
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 1,354,023 | $ | 1,083,917 | $ | 270,106 | 24.9 | % | $ | 3,679,548 | $ | 2,874,186 | $ | 805,362 | 28.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The increase in net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was due to higher sales of advanced products in the communications and consumer end markets, partially offset by a decline in the automotive end market. The communications end market benefited from the recovery in the smartphone market from the prior year inventory correction. Sales increased in the consumer end market due to the introduction of a new high-volume consumer product.
Gross Margin
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $241,085 | $182,240 | $58,845 | $622,313 | $426,455 | $195,858 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 17.8 | % | 16.8 | % | 1.0 | % | 16.9 | % | 14.8 | % | 2.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Our cost of sales consists principally of materials, labor, depreciation and manufacturing overhead. Since a substantial portion of the costs at our factories is fixed, there tends to be a strong relationship between our revenue levels and gross margin. Accordingly, relatively modest increases or decreases in revenue can have a significant effect on margin and on labor and other manufacturing costs as a percentage of revenue, depending upon product mix, utilization and seasonality.
Gross margin increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the increase in net sales, partially offset by changes in the mix of products sold toward products with higher material content.
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Selling, General and Administrative
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | $ | 77,781 | $ | 70,458 | $ | 7,323 | 10.4 | % | $ | 224,623 | $ | 206,803 | $ | 17,820 | 8.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to costs incurred for our factory consolidation efforts in Japan and increased employee compensation costs. These increases were partially offset by our efforts to control expenses, particularly travel and professional fees. In addition, we had a gain from a sale of real estate in the second quarter of 2019 which lowered our expenses that period.
Research and Development
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | $ | 35,835 | $ | 32,927 | $ | 2,908 | 8.8 | % | $ | 99,624 | $ | 104,867 | $ | (5,243) | (5.0) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development activities are focused on developing new packaging and test services and improving the efficiency and capabilities of our existing production processes. The costs related to our technology and product development projects are included in research and development expense until the project moves into production. Once production begins, the costs related to production become part of the cost of sales, including ongoing depreciation for the equipment previously held for research and development activities. Research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 due to new development projects. Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to projects that moved into production, partially offset by new development projects.
Other Income and Expense
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | $ | 16,404 | $ | 16,988 | $ | (584) | (3.4) | % | $ | 49,461 | $ | 54,914 | $ | (5,453) | (9.9) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | (1,016) | (1,269) | 253 | (19.9) | % | (4,975) | (4,931) | (44) | 0.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency (gain) loss, net | 3,069 | (174) | 3,243 | >(100)% | 6,301 | (1,581) | 7,882 | >(100)% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss on debt retirement | 491 | 179 | 312 | >100% | 919 | 8,535 | (7,616) | (89.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (129) | (496) | 367 | (74.0) | % | (678) | (1,382) | 704 | (50.9) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other expense, net | $ | 18,819 | $ | 15,228 | $ | 3,591 | 23.6 | % | $ | 51,028 | $ | 55,555 | $ | (4,527) | (8.1) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the repayment of higher interest debt with the proceeds from our ¥28.5 billion ($260.6 million) fixed rate term loan agreement in December 2019 and January 2020. Interest expense has also decreased due to overall decreases in interest rates in 2020 for our variable interest rate loans.
The changes in foreign currency (gain) loss, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were due to foreign currency exchange rate movements, mainly the Korean Won, and the associated impact on our net monetary exposure at our foreign subsidiaries.
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The loss on debt retirement for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was due to the early redemption in April 2019 of the outstanding $525 million aggregate principal amount of our 6.375% Senior Notes due 2022.
Income Tax Expense
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | $ | 15,753 | $ | 9,141 | $ | 6,612 | $ | 33,504 | $ | 36,418 | $ | (2,914) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense, which includes foreign withholding taxes and minimum taxes, reflects the applicable tax rates in effect in the various countries where our income is earned and is subject to volatility depending on the relative mix of earnings in each location. Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 also includes an $11.8 million discrete tax expense primarily for the recognition of a valuation allowance for certain deferred tax assets.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, our subsidiaries in Korea, the Philippines and Singapore operated under various tax holidays. As these tax holidays expire, income earned in these jurisdictions will be subject to higher statutory income tax rates, which may cause our effective tax rate to increase.
Liquidity
We assess our liquidity based on our current expectations regarding sales and operating expenses, capital spending, dividend payments and stock repurchases, debt service requirements and other funding needs. Based on this assessment, we believe that our cash flow from operating activities, together with existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and availability under our credit facilities, will be sufficient to fund our working capital, capital expenditure, dividend payments, debt service and other financial requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Our liquidity is affected by, among other factors, volatility in the global economy and credit markets, the performance of our business, our capital expenditure levels, other uses of our cash including any dividends and purchases of stock under our stock repurchase program, any acquisitions or investments in joint ventures and our ability to either repay debt out of operating cash flow or refinance it at or prior to maturity with the proceeds of debt or equity offerings. There can be no assurance that we will generate the necessary net income or operating cash flows, or be able to borrow sufficient funds, to meet the funding needs of our business beyond the next twelve months due to a variety of factors, including the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry and other factors discussed in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our primary source of cash and the source of funds for our operations are cash flows from operations, current cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, borrowings under available credit facilities and proceeds from any additional debt or equity financings. We refer you to Note 7 and Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on our investments and borrowings, respectively.
As of September 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $566.7 million and $356.2 million, respectively. Included in our cash and short-term investments balances as of September 30, 2020, is $452.0 million and $263.3 million, respectively, held offshore by our foreign subsidiaries. We have the ability to access cash held offshore by our foreign subsidiaries primarily through the repayment of intercompany debt obligations. Due to the changes in the U.S. tax law under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”), distributions of cash to the U.S. as dividends generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. If we were to distribute this offshore cash to the U.S. as dividends from our foreign subsidiaries, we may be subject to foreign withholding and state income taxes.
For certain accounts receivable, we use non-recourse factoring arrangements with third-party financial institutions to manage our working capital and cash flows. Under this program, we sell receivables to a financial institution for cash at a discount to the face amount. Available capacity under these programs is dependent on the level of our trade accounts receivable eligible to be sold, the financial institutions’ willingness to purchase such receivables and the limits provided by the financial institutions. These factoring arrangements can be reduced or eliminated at any time due to market conditions and changes in the credit worthiness of customers. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we sold accounts receivable totaling $368.4 million and $480.2 million, net of discounts and fees of $2.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
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We operate in a capital-intensive industry. Servicing our current and future customers may require that we incur significant operating expenses and make significant investments in equipment and facilities, which are generally made in advance of the related revenues and without firm customer commitments.
The borrowing base under our $250.0 million first lien senior secured revolving credit facility entered into by our subsidiary, Amkor Technology Singapore Holding Pte, Ltd. (the “Singapore Revolver”), is limited to the amount of eligible accounts receivable. As of September 30, 2020, we had availability of $250.0 million and no outstanding standby letters of credit. As of September 30, 2020, our foreign subsidiaries had $346.0 million available to be drawn under revolving credit facilities, including the Singapore Revolver, and $56.0 million available to be borrowed under term loan credit facilities for working capital purposes and capital expenditures.
As of September 30, 2020, we had $1,319.1 million of debt. Our scheduled principal repayments on debt include $40.9 million due over the remainder of 2020, $125.3 million due in 2021, $266.6 million due in 2022, $252.1 million due in 2023, $66.9 million due in 2024, and $576.4 million due thereafter. We were in compliance with all debt covenants at September 30, 2020, and we expect to remain in compliance with these covenants for at least the next twelve months.
Certain of our debt agreements have restrictions on dividend payments and the repurchase of stock and subordinated securities. These restrictions are determined in part by calculations based upon cumulative net income or, in the case of our Singapore Revolver, borrowing availability. Dividend payments and stock repurchases are not currently restricted under our debt agreements.
The debt of Amkor Technology, Inc. is structurally subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future debt and other liabilities of our subsidiaries. From time to time, Amkor Technology, Inc. and Amkor Technology Singapore Holding Pte, Ltd. also guarantee certain debt of our subsidiaries.
In order to reduce our debt and future cash interest payments, we may from time to time repurchase or redeem our outstanding notes for cash or exchange shares of our common stock for our outstanding notes. Any such transaction may be made in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, and would be subject to the terms of our indentures and other debt agreements, market conditions and other factors.
Our subsidiary in Korea maintains an unfunded severance plan that covers certain employees that were employed prior to August 1, 2015. As of September 30, 2020, the severance liability was $119.1 million. Accrued severance benefits are estimated assuming all eligible employees were to terminate their employment at the balance sheet date. For service periods subsequent to August 1, 2015, employees participate in either a defined benefit pension plan or a defined contribution pension plan. From time to time, we may offer additional employees the option to convert from the severance plan to the defined contribution plan which would require the company to fund the converted portion of the liability. We refer you to Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
In October 2020, our Board of Directors approved the initiation of a regular quarterly cash dividend on our common stock. The initial quarterly dividend is $0.04 per share and is payable to stockholders of record on December 18, 2020. The initial quarterly dividend payment is expected to be approximately $9.7 million in the aggregate and will be paid on January 7, 2021. We currently anticipate that we will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends in the future. However, the payment, amount and timing of future dividends remain within the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, debt restrictions and other factors.
Our Board of Directors previously authorized the repurchase of up to $300.0 million of our common stock, exclusive of any fees, commissions or other expenses. At September 30, 2020, approximately $91.6 million was available to repurchase common stock pursuant to the stock repurchase program. The purchase of stock may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined by us at our discretion and will depend upon a variety of factors including economic and market conditions, the cash needs and investment opportunities for the business, the current market price of our stock, applicable legal requirements and other factors. We have not purchased any stock under the program since 2012.
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Capital Resources
We make significant capital expenditures in order to service the demand of our customers, which are primarily focused on investments in advanced packaging and test equipment. We expect 2020 capital expenditures to be approximately $550 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our capital expenditures totaled $275.5 million. Ultimately, the amount of our 2020 capital expenditures will depend on several factors including, among others, the timing and implementation of any capital projects under review, the performance of our business, economic and market conditions, the cash needs and investment opportunities for the business, the need for additional capacity to service anticipated customer demand and the availability of cash flows from operations or financing.
In addition, we are subject to risks associated with our capital expenditures, including those discussed in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the caption “Capital Expenditures - We Make Substantial Investments in Equipment and Facilities to Support the Demand of Our Customers, Which May Adversely Affect Our Business if the Demand of Our Customers Does Not Develop as We Expect or Is Adversely Affected.”
Cash Flows
Net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, was as follows:
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 434,048 | $ | 283,332 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investing activities | (611,337) | (318,817) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Financing activities | (153,162) | (49,734) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities: Our cash flow provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $150.7 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to higher net sales and higher operating profit, partially offset by changes in our working capital.
Investing activities: Our cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $292.5 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to purchases of short-term investments. This increase was partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments and a decrease in payments related to purchases of property, plant and equipment. Payments for property, plant and equipment can fluctuate based on timing of purchase, receipt and acceptance of equipment.
Financing activities: The net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to the net debt repayments in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. The net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to the redemption of our 6.375% Senior Notes due 2022 as well as repayments of debt in Japan and Korea, partially offset by our issuance of the 2027 Notes and net borrowings under our Singapore Revolver.
We provide the following supplemental data to assist our investors and analysts in understanding our liquidity and capital resources. We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities less payments for property, plant and equipment, plus proceeds from the sale of and insurance recovery for property, plant and equipment, if applicable. Free cash flow is not defined by U.S. GAAP. We believe free cash flow to be relevant and useful information to our investors because it provides them with additional information in assessing our liquidity, capital resources and financial operating results. Our management uses free cash flow in evaluating our liquidity, our ability to service debt and our ability to fund capital expenditures. However, free cash flow has certain limitations, including that it does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures since other, non-discretionary expenditures, such as mandatory debt service, are not deducted from the measure. The amount of mandatory versus discretionary expenditures can vary significantly between periods. This measure should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, other measures of liquidity or financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, such as net cash provided by operating activities. Furthermore, our definition of free cash flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
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| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 434,048 | $ | 283,332 | |||||||
| Payments for property, plant and equipment | (275,531) | (328,497) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of and insurance recovery for property, plant and equipment | 2,710 | 10,033 | |||||||||
| Free cash flow | $ | 161,227 | $ | (35,132) | |||||||
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at September 30, 2020 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.
| Payments Due for Year Ending December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2020 - Remaining | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt | $ | 1,328,191 | $ | 40,930 | $ | 125,274 | $ | 266,606 | $ | 252,056 | $ | 66,896 | $ | 576,429 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scheduled interest payment obligations (1) | 289,551 | 4,309 | 50,168 | 47,137 | 40,908 | 37,811 | 109,218 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase obligations (2) | 105,413 | 87,392 | 5,884 | 4,815 | 3,896 | 1,290 | 2,136 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations (3) | 149,293 | 13,234 | 50,547 | 32,874 | 17,563 | 10,124 | 24,951 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease obligations (3) | 22,176 | 2,707 | 10,437 | 3,403 | 1,693 | 997 | 2,939 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severance obligations (4) | 119,090 | 2,925 | 10,324 | 9,419 | 8,577 | 7,797 | 80,048 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contractual obligations | $ | 2,013,714 | $ | 151,497 | $ | 252,634 | $ | 364,254 | $ | 324,693 | $ | 124,915 | $ | 795,721 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents interest payment obligations calculated using stated coupon rates for fixed rate debt and interest rates applicable at September 30, 2020, for variable rate debt.
(2)Represents off-balance sheet purchase obligations for capital expenditures, long-term supply contracts and other contractual commitments outstanding at September 30, 2020.
(3)Represents future minimum lease payments including interest payments.
(4)Represents estimated benefit payments for our Korean subsidiary severance plan at September 30, 2020. In October 2020, some employees accepted our offer to convert their Korean severance plan participation to a defined contribution plan, which will reduce our liability under the severance plan and require us to fund the converted portion of the liability. The conversion is not reflected in the table above and we expect to fund the converted amount during the fourth quarter of 2020. We refer you to Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
In addition to the obligations identified in the table above, other non-current liabilities recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2020 include:
•$68.3 million of foreign pension plan obligations, for which the timing and actual amount of impact on our future cash flow is uncertain.
•$30.4 million net liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits. Due to the uncertainty regarding the amount and the timing of any future cash outflows associated with our unrecognized tax benefits, we are unable to reasonably estimate the amount and period of ultimate settlement, if any, with the various taxing authorities.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2020, we had no off-balance sheet guarantees or other off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.
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Contingencies, Indemnifications and Guarantees
We refer you to Note 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of our contingencies related to litigation and other legal matters.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our critical accounting policies are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies as reported in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market Risk Sensitivity
We are exposed to market risks, primarily related to foreign currency and interest rate fluctuations. In the normal course of business, we employ established policies and procedures to manage the exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency values and changes in interest rates.
Foreign Currency Risk
The U.S. dollar is our reporting and functional currency for us and for our subsidiaries, except for our Japan operations, where the Japanese Yen is the functional currency. In order to reduce our exposure to foreign currency gains and losses, we generally use natural hedging techniques to reduce foreign currency rate risk. We also use forward contracts to mitigate foreign currency risk of certain net monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.
We have foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. We performed a sensitivity analysis of our foreign currency exposure as of September 30, 2020 to assess the potential impact of fluctuations in exchange rates for all foreign denominated assets and liabilities. Assuming that all foreign currencies appreciated 10% against the U.S. dollar, taking into account our foreign currency forward contracts, our income before taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 would have been approximately $12 million lower, due to the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities.
In addition, we have foreign currency exchange rate exposure on our results of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately 85% of our net sales were denominated in U.S. dollars. Our remaining net sales were principally denominated in Japanese Yen. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately 45% of our cost of sales and operating expenses were denominated in U.S. dollars and were largely for raw materials and costs associated with property, plant and equipment. The remaining portion of our cost of sales and operating expenses was principally denominated in the Asian currencies where our production facilities are located and largely consisted of labor. To the extent that the U.S. dollar weakens against these Asian-based currencies, similar foreign currency denominated income and expenses in the future will result in higher sales, higher cost of sales and operating expenses, with cost of sales and operating expenses having the greater impact on our financial results. Similarly, our sales, cost of sales and operating expenses will decrease if the U.S. dollar strengthens against these foreign currencies. We performed a sensitivity analysis of our foreign currency exposure as of September 30, 2020 to assess the potential impact of fluctuations in exchange rates for all foreign denominated sales and operating expenses. Assuming that all foreign currencies appreciated 10% against the U.S. dollar, our operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 would have been approximately $93 million lower.
There are inherent limitations in the sensitivity analysis presented, primarily the assumption that foreign exchange rate movements across multiple jurisdictions would change instantaneously in an equal fashion. As a result, the analysis is unable to reflect the potential effects of more complex market or other changes that could arise which may positively or negatively affect our results of operations.
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are impacted by changes in exchange rates at the entity where the local currency is the functional currency. The effect of foreign exchange rate translation for these entities was a gain of $4.0 million and $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and was recognized as an adjustment to equity through other comprehensive income (loss).
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Interest Rate Risk
We have interest rate risk with respect to our available-for-sale debt investments. Our investment portfolio consists of various security types and maturities, with a significant portion of our portfolio having maturity of one year or less. Our primary objective with our investment portfolio is to invest available cash while preserving capital and meeting liquidity needs. These securities are subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market interest rates increase. We do not have hedging instruments for our available-for-sale debt investments, and they are held for purposes other than trading. Due to the relatively short-term nature of our investment portfolio, an immediate increase in interest rates will not have a material impact on the fair value of our available-for-sale debt investments. For information regarding our available-for-sale debt investments, see Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In addition, we have interest rate risk with respect to our debt. Our fixed and variable rate debt includes foreign borrowings, revolving credit facilities and senior notes. Changes in interest rates have different impacts on the fixed and variable rate portions of our debt portfolio. A change in interest rates on the fixed portion of the debt portfolio impacts the fair value of the debt instrument but has no impact on interest expense or cash flows. A change in interest rates on the variable portion of the debt portfolio impacts the interest incurred and cash flows but does not generally impact the fair value of the instrument.
The table below presents the interest rates, maturities and fair value of our fixed and variable rate debt as of September 30, 2020:
| 2020 - Remaining | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | Thereafter | Total | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate debt | $ | 29,890 | $ | 116,752 | $ | 222,356 | $ | 103,870 | $ | 66,896 | $ | 576,429 | $ | 1,116,193 | $ | 1,165,835 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average interest rate | 1.3 | % | 1.3 | % | 2.1 | % | 1.7 | % | 1.9 | % | 6.4 | % | 4.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable rate debt | $ | 11,040 | $ | 8,522 | $ | 44,250 | $ | 148,186 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 211,998 | $ | 211,151 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average interest rate | 0.4 | % | 0.6 | % | 1.8 | % | 2.6 | % | — | % | — | % | 2.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt maturities | $ | 40,930 | $ | 125,274 | $ | 266,606 | $ | 252,056 | $ | 66,896 | $ | 576,429 | $ | 1,328,191 | $ | 1,376,986 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For information regarding the fair value of our long-term debt, see Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, based on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures.
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020 and concluded those disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information about legal proceedings is set forth in Note 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Note 17 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The factors discussed below are cautionary statements that identify important factors and risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report. For more information regarding the forward-looking statements contained in this report, see the Table of Contents of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information included in this report, in considering our business and prospects. Many of the following risks and uncertainties are, and will be, exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic and any worsening of the global business and economic environment as a result. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing Amkor. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us may also adversely affect our business operations. The occurrence of any of the risks and uncertainties described below could affect our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Summary of Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock involves various risks, and you are urged to carefully consider all of the matters discussed in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the caption “Risk Factors” (not just those discussed under “Summary of Risk Factors”) in considering our business and prospects. The following is a list of some of these risks:
Company-Specific Risk Factors
•dependence on the highly cyclical, volatile semiconductor industry and vulnerability to industry downturns and declines in global economic and financial conditions;
•dependence on international factories and operations, and risks relating to our customers’ and vendors’ international operations;
•competition with established competitors in the packaging and test business, the internal capabilities of integrated device manufacturers, and new competitors, including foundries;
•decisions by our integrated device manufacturer and foundry customers to curtail outsourcing;
•our absence of backlog and the short-term nature of our customers’ commitments;
•our substantial investments in equipment and facilities to support the demand of our customers;
•difficulty achieving high capacity utilization rates due to high percentage of fixed costs;
•changes in costs, quality, availability and delivery times of raw materials, components and equipment, including any disruption in the supply of certain materials due to regulations and customer requirements, as well as wage inflation and fluctuations in commodity prices;
•the historical downward pressure on the prices of our packaging and test services;
•fluctuations in our manufacturing yields;
•our ability to develop new proprietary technology, protect our proprietary technology, operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others, and implement new technologies;
•any warranty claims, product return and liability risks, and the risk of negative publicity if our products fail, as well as the risk of litigation incident to our business;
•restrictive covenants in the indentures and agreements governing our current and future indebtedness;
•fluctuations in interest rates and changes in credit risk;
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•the possibility that we may decrease or suspend our quarterly dividend;
•our significant severance plan obligations associated with our manufacturing operations in Korea; and
•the ability of certain of our stockholders to effectively determine or substantially influence the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval.
General Risk Factors
•health conditions or pandemics, such as COVID-19, impacting labor availability and operating capacity, capital availability, the supply chain and consumer demand for our customers’ products and services;
•fluctuation in demand for semiconductors and conditions in the semiconductor industry generally, as well as by specific customers, such as inventory reductions by our customers impacting demand in key markets;
•the development, transition and ramp to high volume manufacture of more advanced silicon nodes and evolving wafer, packaging and test technologies, may cause production delays, lower manufacturing yields and supply constraints for new wafers and other materials;
•our substantial indebtedness;
•difficulty funding our liquidity needs;
•dependence on key customers or concentration of customers in certain end markets, such as mobile communications and automotive;
•difficulty attracting, retaining or replacing qualified personnel;
•maintaining an effective system of internal controls;
•our continuing development and implementation of changes to, and maintenance and security of, our information technology systems;
•challenges with integrating diverse operations;
•any changes in tax laws (including with respect to the Tax Act), taxing authorities not agreeing with our interpretation of applicable tax laws, including whether we continue to qualify for tax holidays, or any requirements to establish or adjust valuation allowances on deferred tax assets;
•laws, rules, regulations and policies imposed by U.S. or other governments, such as tariffs, customs, duties and other restrictive trade barriers, national security, data privacy and cybersecurity, antitrust and competition, tax, currency and banking, labor, environmental, health and safety; and
•natural disasters and other calamities, health conditions or pandemics, political instability, hostilities or other disruptions.
Company-Specific Risk Factors
Dependence on the Highly Cyclical Semiconductor Industry - Our Packaging and Test Services Are Used in Volatile Industries and Industry Downturns, and Declines in Global Economic and Financial Conditions Could Harm Our Performance.
Our business is impacted by market conditions in the semiconductor industry, which is cyclical by nature and impacted by broad economic factors, such as world-wide gross domestic product and consumer spending. The semiconductor industry has experienced significant and sometimes sudden and prolonged downturns in the past. If the industry or markets we compete in experience slower, or even negative growth, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Since our business is, and will continue to be, dependent on the requirements of semiconductor companies for outsourced packaging and test services, any downturn in the semiconductor industry or any other industry that uses a significant number of semiconductor devices, such as telecommunications, automotive, consumer electronics, or computing, could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. During downturns, we have experienced, among other things, reduced demand, excess capacity and reduced sales. For example, the Covid-19 pandemic has currently disrupted demand in the automotive end market, an inventory correction in the smartphone market and weakness in the
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general market reduced demand during 2019, and generally soft economic conditions and a lack of compelling new mobile products constrained overall demand during 2015.
In addition, declines in global economic and financial conditions have harmed our business in the past, and future global downturns could adversely affect our business. The Covid-19 pandemic and the effects of governmental initiatives to control the pandemic have adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that may affect demand for our services and our operating results. Although the magnitude of the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on our business and operations remains uncertain, the continued spread or potential re-emergence of Covid-19 or the occurrence of other epidemics or pandemics, and the imposition of related public health measures and travel and business restrictions may adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. In addition, we have experienced and will continue to experience disruptions to our business operations resulting from quarantines, self-isolations, or other movement and restrictions on the ability of our employees to perform their jobs that may impact our ability to meet customer commitments. It is difficult to predict the timing, strength or duration of the economic slowdown caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, or which end markets will experience a slowdown, or subsequent economic recovery, which, in turn, makes it more challenging for us to forecast our operating results, make business decisions and identify risks that may affect our business, sources and uses of cash, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, if industry conditions deteriorate, we could suffer significant losses, as we have in the past, which could materially impact our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Risks Associated with International Operations - We Depend on Our Factories and Operations in China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Singapore and Taiwan. Many of Our Customers’ and Vendors’ Operations Are Also Located Outside of the U.S.
We provide packaging and test services through our factories and other operations located in China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Singapore and Taiwan. Substantially all of our property, plant and equipment is located outside of the United States. Moreover, many of our customers and the vendors in our supply chain are located outside the U.S. The following are some of the risks we face in doing business internationally:
•health and safety concerns, including widespread outbreak of infectious diseases, such as Covid-19;
•changes in consumer demand resulting from variations in local economies;
•laws, rules, regulations and policies imposed by U.S. or foreign governments in areas such as data privacy, cybersecurity, antitrust and competition, tax, currency and banking, labor, and environmental;
•restrictive trade barriers considered or adopted by U.S. and foreign governments applicable to the semiconductor supply chain, including laws, rules, regulations and policies in areas such as national security, licensing requirements for exports, tariffs, customs and duties;
•laws, rules, regulations and policies within China and other countries that may favor domestic companies over non-domestic companies, including customer- or government-supported efforts to promote the development and growth of local competitors;
•the payment of dividends and other payments by non-U.S. subsidiaries may be subject to prohibitions, limitations or taxes in local jurisdictions;
•fluctuations in currency exchange rates, particularly the dollar/yen exchange rate for our operations in Japan;
•political and social conditions, and the potential for civil unrest, terrorism or other hostilities;
•disruptions or delays in shipments caused by customs brokers or government agencies;
•difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified personnel and managing foreign operations, including foreign labor disruptions;
•difficulty in enforcing contractual rights and protecting our intellectual property rights;
•potentially adverse tax consequences resulting from tax laws in the U.S. and in other jurisdictions; and
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•local business and cultural factors that differ from our normal standards and practices, including business practices that we are prohibited from engaging in by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws and regulations.
We have significant facilities and other investments in South Korea, and there have been heightened security concerns in recent years stemming from North Korea’s nuclear weapon and long-range missile programs as well as its military actions in the region. Furthermore, there has been a history of conflict and tension within and among other countries in the region.
In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted and may continue to impact our operations and the operations of our customers and suppliers as a result of illness, quarantines, facility closures and travel and logistics restrictions in connection with the outbreak. For example, quarantine orders covering certain regions in the Philippines, including where our operations are located, have affected, and may in the future affect, our operations, and orders restricting movement in Malaysia temporarily forced us to pause operations as we obtained permission to resume operations in compliance with such orders. Other national, regional and local governments have implemented and may continue to implement similar restrictions to mitigate the spread of Covid-19 in jurisdictions in which we, our customers and our suppliers operate, and such restrictions may adversely impact our operations and the operations of our customers and suppliers. Such restrictions may also affect end-user demand in each geography where our customers sell their products and services, which may adversely affect demand for our services, our operating results and financial condition.
Competition - We Compete Against Established Competitors in the Packaging and Test Business as Well as Internal Capabilities of Integrated Device Manufacturers and Face Competition from New Competitors, Including Foundries.
The outsourced semiconductor packaging and test market is very competitive. We face substantial competition from established and emerging packaging and test service providers primarily located in Asia, including companies with significantly greater processing capacity, financial resources, local presence, research and development operations, marketing, technology and other capabilities. We also may face increased competition from domestic companies located in China, where there are government-supported efforts to promote the development and growth of the local semiconductor industry. We may be at a disadvantage in attempting to compete with entities associated with such government-supported initiatives based on their lower cost of capital, access to government resources and incentives, preferential sourcing practices, stronger local relationships or otherwise. Our competitors may also have established relationships, or enter into new strategic relationships, with one or more of the large semiconductor companies that are our current or potential customers, or key suppliers to these customers. Consolidation among our competitors could also strengthen their competitive position.
We also face competition from contract foundries, such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., which offer full turnkey services from silicon wafer fabrication through packaging and final test. These foundries, which are substantially larger than us and have greater financial resources than we do, have expanded their operations to include packaging and test services and may continue to expand these capabilities in the future. If a key customer decides to purchase wafers from a semiconductor foundry that provides packaging and test services, our business could be reduced if the customer also engages that foundry for related packaging and test services.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully in the future against our existing or potential competitors or that our customers will not rely on internal sources or foundries for packaging and test services, or that our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows will not be adversely affected by such increased competition.
Decisions by Our Integrated Device Manufacturer and Foundry Customers to Curtail Outsourcing May Adversely Affect Our Business.
Historically, we have been dependent on the trend in outsourcing of packaging and test services by IDM customers. Our IDM and foundry customers continually evaluate the need for outsourced services against their own in-house packaging and test services. As a result, at any time and for a variety of reasons, IDMs and foundries may decide to shift some or all of their outsourced packaging and test services to internally sourced capacity.
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In addition, to the extent we limit capacity commitments for certain customers, these customers may increase their level of in-house packaging and test capabilities, which could make it more difficult for us to regain their business when we have available capacity.
If we experience a significant loss of IDM or foundry business, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, especially during a prolonged industry downturn.
Absence of Backlog - The Lack of Contractually Committed Customer Demand May Adversely Affect Our Sales.
Our packaging and test business does not typically operate with any material backlog. Our quarterly net sales from packaging and test services are substantially dependent upon our customers’ demand in that quarter. Generally, none of our customers have committed to purchase any significant amount of packaging or test services or to provide us with binding forecasts of demand for packaging and test services for any future period, in any material amount. In addition, we sometimes experience double booking by customers, and our customers often reduce, cancel or delay their purchases of packaging and test services for a variety of reasons including industry-wide, customer-specific and Amkor-specific reasons. This makes it difficult for us to forecast our capacity utilization and net sales in future periods. Since a large portion of our costs is fixed and our expense levels are based in part on our expectations of future sales, we may not be able to adjust costs in a timely manner to compensate for any sales shortfall. If we are unable to adjust costs in a timely manner, our margins, operating results, financial condition and cash flows would be adversely affected.
Capital Expenditures - We Make Substantial Investments in Equipment and Facilities to Support the Demand of Our Customers, Which May Adversely Affect Our Business if the Demand of Our Customers Does Not Develop as We Expect or Is Adversely Affected.
We make significant investments in equipment and facilities in order to service the demand of our customers. The amount of our capital expenditures depends on several factors, including the performance of our business, our assessment of future industry and customer demand, our capacity utilization levels and availability, advances in technology, our liquidity position and the availability of financing. Our ongoing capital expenditure requirements may strain our cash and short-term asset balances, and, in periods when we are expanding our capital base, we expect that depreciation expense and factory operating expenses associated with capital expenditures to increase production capacity will put downward pressure on our gross margin, at least in the near term. While we have completed the initial phases of construction of our factory and research and development facility in Incheon, Korea, there can be no assurance regarding when the facility will be fully utilized, or that the actual scope, costs, timeline or benefits of the project will be consistent with our expectations. From time to time, we also make significant capital expenditures based on specific business opportunities with one or a few key customers, and the additional equipment purchased may not be readily usable to support other customers. If demand is insufficient to fill our capacity, or we are unable to efficiently redeploy such equipment, our capacity utilization and gross margin could be negatively impacted. Our capital expenditures or cost per square foot may increase as we transition to new or more advanced packaging and test technologies because, among other reasons, new equipment used for these technologies is generally more expensive and often our existing equipment cannot be redeployed in whole or part for these technologies. To the extent this occurs in the future, our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Furthermore, if we cannot generate or raise additional funds to pay for capital expenditures, particularly in some of the advanced packaging and bumping areas, as well as research and development activities, our growth and future profitability may be adversely affected. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including: our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; general market conditions for financing; volatility in fixed income, credit and equity markets; and economic, political and other global conditions.
High Fixed Costs - Due to Our High Percentage of Fixed Costs, We Will Be Unable to Maintain Satisfactory Gross Margins if We Are Unable to Achieve Relatively High Capacity Utilization Rates.
Our operations are characterized by high fixed costs and the absence of any material backlog. Our profitability depends in part not only on pricing levels for our packaging and test services but also on the efficient utilization of our human resources and packaging and test equipment. Increases or decreases in our capacity utilization can significantly affect gross margins. Transitions between different packaging technologies can also impact our capacity utilization if we do not efficiently redeploy our equipment for other packaging and test opportunities. For example, in the past, the migration of some customer demand from wirebond to flip chip packages resulted in under-utilized wirebond assets which
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negatively impacted our capacity utilization and gross margin. We cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve consistently high capacity utilization, and if we fail to do so, our gross margins will be negatively impacted.
In addition, our fixed operating costs have increased as a result of our efforts to expand our capacity through significant capital expenditures. Forecasted customer demand for which we have made capital investments may not materialize, and our sales may not adequately cover fixed costs, resulting in reduced profit levels or causing significant losses, either of which may adversely impact our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Dependence on Materials and Equipment Suppliers - Our Business May Suffer If the Cost, Quality or Supply of Materials or Equipment Changes Adversely Including Any Disruption that May Occur in the Supply of Certain Materials due to Regulations and Customer Requirements.
We obtain the materials and equipment required for the packaging and test services performed by our factories from various vendors. We source most of our materials, including critical materials such as leadframes, laminate substrates and gold wire, from a limited group of suppliers. A disruption to the operations of one or more of our suppliers could have a negative impact on our business. For example, the actions that government authorities and businesses worldwide have taken in response to Covid-19 have resulted in, to date, limited business disruption, including delays in shipments of equipment, supplies and other materials. To the extent the impact of Covid-19 continues or worsens, we may have greater difficulty obtaining the equipment, supplies and other materials necessary for performance of our services. Furthermore, severe earthquakes, flooding and tsunamis in the past have significantly and adversely affected the electronics industry supply chain by impacting the supply of specialty chemicals, substrates, silicon wafers, equipment and other supplies to the electronics industry.
In addition, we purchase the majority of our materials on a purchase order basis. Our business may be harmed if we cannot obtain materials and other supplies from our vendors in a timely manner, in sufficient quantities, at acceptable quality or at competitive prices. Some of our customers are also dependent on a limited number of suppliers for certain materials and silicon wafers. Shortages or disruptions in our customers’ supply channels could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For example, the shortage in the supply of wafers to some of our customers in a prior year delayed or otherwise adversely impacted the demand for certain of our advanced packaging and test services.
SEC rules and related industry initiatives require diligence and disclosure regarding the use of certain minerals originating from the conflict zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries. Many of our customers’ initiatives require us to certify that the covered materials we use in our packages do not come from the conflict areas. We incur costs associated with complying with these requirements and customer initiatives, and we may be required to increase our efforts in the future to cover additional materials and geographic areas. These requirements and customer initiatives could affect the pricing, sourcing and availability of materials used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain conflict-free materials or other materials covered by customer initiatives in sufficient quantities and at competitive prices or that we will be able to verify the origin of all of the materials we procure. If we are unable to meet these requirements and customer initiatives, it could adversely affect our business as some customers may move their business to other suppliers, and our reputation could also be adversely affected.
We purchase new packaging and test equipment to maintain and expand our operations. From time to time, increased demand for new equipment may cause lead times to extend beyond those normally required by equipment vendors. For example, in the past, increased demand for equipment caused some equipment suppliers to only partially satisfy our equipment orders in the normal time frame or to increase prices during market upturns for the semiconductor industry. The unavailability of equipment or failures to deliver equipment on a timely basis could delay or impair our ability to meet customer orders. If we are unable to meet customer orders, we could lose potential and existing customers. Generally, we acquire our equipment on a purchase order basis and do not enter into long-term equipment agreements. As a result, we could experience adverse changes in pricing, currency risk and potential shortages in equipment in a strong market, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We are a large buyer of gold and other commodity materials including substrates and copper. The prices of gold and other commodities used in our business fluctuate. Historically, we have been able to partially offset the effect of commodity price increases through price adjustments to some customers and changes in our product designs that reduce the material content and cost, such as the use of shorter, thinner, gold wire and migration to copper wire. However, we
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typically do not have long-term contracts that permit us to impose price adjustments, and market conditions may limit our ability to do so. Significant price increases may adversely impact our gross margin in future periods to the extent we are unable to pass along past or future commodity price increases to our customers.
Declining Average Selling Prices - Historically There Has Been Downward Pressure on the Prices of Our Packaging and Test Services.
Prices for packaging and test services have generally declined over time, and sometimes prices can change significantly in relatively short periods of time. We expect downward pressure on average selling prices for our packaging and test services to continue in the future, and this pressure may intensify during downturns in business. If we are unable to offset a decline in average selling prices by developing and marketing new packages with higher prices, reducing our purchasing costs, recovering more of our material cost increases from our customers and reducing our manufacturing costs, our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Packaging and Test Processes Are Complex and Our Production Yields and Customer Relationships May Suffer from Defects in the Services We Provide or if We Do Not Successfully Implement New Technologies.
Semiconductor packaging and test services are complex processes that require significant technological and process expertise, and in line with industry practice, customers usually require us to pass a lengthy and rigorous qualification process that may take several months. Once qualified and in production, defective packages primarily result from:
•contaminants in the manufacturing environment;
•human error;
•equipment malfunction;
•changing processes to address environmental requirements;
•defective raw materials; or
•defective plating services.
Test is also complex and involves sophisticated equipment and software. Similar to many software programs, these software programs are complex and may contain programming errors or “bugs.” The test equipment is also subject to malfunction, and the test process is subject to operator error.
These and other factors have, from time to time, contributed to lower production yields. They may also do so in the future, particularly as we adjust our capacity, change our processing steps or ramp new technologies. In addition, we must continue to develop and implement new packaging and test technologies and expand our offering of packages to be competitive. Our production yields on new packages, particularly those packages which are based on new technologies, typically are significantly lower than our production yields on our more established packages.
Our failure to qualify new processes, maintain quality standards or acceptable production yields, if significant and prolonged, could result in loss of customers, increased costs of production, delays, substantial amounts of returned goods and claims by customers relating thereto. Any of these problems could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Intellectual Property - Our Business Will Suffer if We Are Not Able to Develop New Proprietary Technology, Protect Our Proprietary Technology and Operate Without Infringing the Proprietary Rights of Others.
The complexity and breadth of semiconductor packaging, SiP modules and test services are rapidly increasing. As a result, we expect that we will need to develop, acquire and implement new manufacturing processes and packaging technologies and tools in order to respond to competitive industry conditions and customer requirements. Technological advances also typically lead to rapid and significant price erosion and may make our existing packages less competitive or our existing inventories obsolete. If we cannot achieve advances in packaging design or obtain access to advanced packaging designs developed by others, our business could suffer.
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The need to develop and maintain advanced packaging capabilities and equipment could require significant research and development, capital expenditures and acquisitions in future years. In addition, converting to new packaging designs or process methodologies could result in delays in producing new package types, which could adversely affect our ability to meet customer orders and adversely impact our business.
The process of seeking patent protection takes a long time and is expensive. There can be no assurance that patents will issue from pending or future applications or that, if patents are issued, the rights granted under the patents will provide us with meaningful protection or any commercial advantage. Any patents we do obtain will eventually expire, may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented and may not provide us meaningful protection or other commercial advantage.
Some of our technologies are not covered by any patent or patent application. The confidentiality agreements on which we rely to protect these technologies may be breached and may not be adequate to protect our proprietary technologies. There can be no assurance that other countries in which we market our services will protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the U.S.
Our competitors may develop, patent or gain access to know-how and technology similar or superior to our own. In addition, many of our patents are subject to cross licenses, several of which are with our competitors. The semiconductor industry is characterized by frequent claims regarding the infringement of patent and other intellectual property rights. If any third party makes an enforceable infringement claim against us or our customers, we could be required to:
•discontinue the use of certain processes or cease to provide the services at issue, which could curtail our business;
•pay substantial damages;
•develop non-infringing technologies, which may not be feasible; or
•acquire licenses to such technology, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
We may need to enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights, including our rights under patent and intellectual property licenses with third parties, or defend ourselves against claimed infringement of the rights of others through litigation, which could result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources and may not be successful. Furthermore, if we fail to obtain necessary licenses, our business could suffer, and we could be exposed to claims for damages and injunctions from third parties, as well as claims from our customers for indemnification. In the past, we have been involved in legal proceedings involving the acquisition and license of intellectual property rights, the enforcement of our existing intellectual property rights or the enforcement of the intellectual property rights of others. Unfavorable outcomes in any legal proceedings involving intellectual property could result in significant liabilities or loss of commercial advantage and could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The potential impact from the legal proceedings referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could change in the future.
We Face Warranty Claims, Product Return and Liability Risks, the Risk of Economic Damage Claims and the Risk of Negative Publicity if Our Packages Fail.
Our packages are incorporated into a number of end products, and our business is exposed to warranty claims, product return and liability risks, the risk of economic damage claims and the risk of negative publicity if our packages fail.
We receive warranty claims from our customers from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. If we were to experience an unusually high incidence of warranty claims, we could incur significant costs and our business could be adversely affected. In addition, we are exposed to the product and economic liability risks and the risk of negative publicity affecting our customers. Our sales may decline if any of our customers are sued on a product liability claim. We also may suffer a decline in sales from the negative publicity associated with such a lawsuit or with adverse public perceptions in general regarding our customers’ products. Further, if our packages are delivered with defects, we could incur additional development, repair or replacement costs or suffer other economic losses, and our credibility and the market’s acceptance of our packages could be harmed.
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Covenants in the Indentures and Agreements Governing Our Current and Future Indebtedness Could Restrict Our Operating Flexibility.
The indentures and agreements governing our existing debt, and debt we may incur in the future, contain, or may contain, affirmative and negative covenants that materially limit our ability to take certain actions, including our ability to incur debt, pay dividends and repurchase stock, make certain investments and other payments, enter into certain mergers and consolidations, engage in sale leaseback transactions and encumber and dispose of assets. In addition, certain of our debt agreements contain, and our future debt agreements may contain, financial covenants and ratios.
The breach of any of these covenants by us, or the failure by us to meet any of the financial ratios or conditions, could result in a default under any or all of such indebtedness. If a default occurs under any such indebtedness, all of the outstanding obligations thereunder could become immediately due and payable, which could result in a default under our other outstanding debt and could lead to an acceleration of obligations related to other outstanding debt. The existence of such a default or event of default could also preclude us from borrowing funds under our revolving credit facilities. Our ability to comply with the provisions of the indentures, credit facilities and other agreements governing our outstanding debt and indebtedness we may incur in the future can be affected by events beyond our control, and a default under any debt instrument, if not cured or waived, could have a material adverse effect on us.
We may Decrease or Suspend our Quarterly Dividend, and Any Decrease in or Suspension of the Dividend Could Cause Our Stock Price to Decline.
We currently anticipate the payment of a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.04 per share on our outstanding common stock. However, the payment, amount and timing of future cash dividends are subject to the final determination each quarter by our Board of Directors or a committee thereof that there are sufficient funds available to lawfully pay a dividend, that the dividend is compliant with the applicable restrictions in our debt agreements, and that the payment of the dividend remains in our best interests. The determination will be based on our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, debt restrictions and other factors. Given these considerations, we may increase or decrease the amount of the dividend at any time and may also decide to vary the timing of or suspend the payment of dividends in the future. Any decrease or suspension could cause our stock price to decline.
We Have Significant Severance Plan Obligations Associated with Our Manufacturing Operations in Korea Which Could Reduce Our Cash Flow and Negatively Impact Our Financial Condition.
Our subsidiary in Korea maintains an unfunded severance plan, under which we have an accrued liability of $119.1 million as of September 30, 2020. The plan covers certain employees that were employed prior to August 1, 2015. In the event of a significant layoff or other reduction in our labor force in Korea, our subsidiary in Korea would be required to make lump-sum severance payments under the plan, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, financial condition and cash flows. In October 2020, some employees accepted our offer to convert their Korean severance plan participation to a defined contribution plan. From time to time, we may offer additional employees the option to convert from the severance plan to the defined contribution plan, which could impact the timing of future payments, reducing our cash flow and negatively affecting our financial condition.
Mr. James J. Kim and Members of His Family Can Effectively Determine or Substantially Influence the Outcome of All Matters Requiring Stockholder Approval.
As of September 30, 2020, Mr. James J. Kim, the Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors, Ms. Susan Y. Kim, the Vice Chairman of our Board of Directors, and members of the Kim family and affiliates owned approximately 141.7 million shares, or approximately 58%, of our outstanding common stock. The Kim family also has options to acquire approximately 0.5 million shares. If the options are exercised, the Kim family’s total ownership would be an aggregate of approximately 142.2 million shares of our outstanding common stock or approximately 59% of our outstanding common stock.
In June 2013, the Kim family exchanged convertible notes issued by Amkor in 2009 for approximately 49.6 million shares of common stock (the “Convert Shares”). The Convert Shares are subject to a voting agreement. The voting agreement requires the Kim family to vote these shares in a “neutral manner” on all matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote, so that such Convert Shares are voted in the same proportion as all of the other outstanding securities (excluding the other shares owned by the Kim family) that are actually voted on a proposal submitted to
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Amkor’s stockholders for approval. The Kim family is not required to vote in a “neutral manner” any Convert Shares that, when aggregated with all other voting shares held by the Kim family, represent 41.6% or less of the total then-outstanding voting shares of our common stock. The voting agreement for the Convert Shares terminates upon the earliest of (i) such time as the Kim family no longer beneficially owns any of the Convert Shares, (ii) consummation of a change of control (as defined in the voting agreement) or (iii) the mutual agreement of the Kim family and Amkor.
Mr. James J. Kim and his family and affiliates, acting together, have the ability to effectively determine or substantially influence matters submitted for approval by our stockholders by voting their shares or otherwise acting by written consent, including the election of our Board of Directors. There is also the potential, through the election of members of our Board of Directors, that the Kim family could substantially influence matters decided upon by our Board of Directors. This concentration of ownership may also have the effect of impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business consolidation involving us, or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer for our shares, and could also negatively affect our stock’s market price or decrease any premium over market price that an acquirer might otherwise pay. Concentration of ownership also reduces the public float of our common stock. There may be less liquidity and higher price volatility for the stock of companies with a smaller public float compared to companies with broader public ownership. Also, the sale or the prospect of the sale of a substantial portion of the Kim family shares may adversely affect the market price of our stock.
General Risk Factors
The Covid-19 Outbreak Has Impacted and May Continue to Impact the Supply Chain and Consumer Demand for Our Customers’ Products and Services, Which May Adversely Affect Our Business, Results of Operations, and Financial Condition.
Our business has been and may continue to be adversely impacted by the effects of the Covid-19 outbreak. The impacts have varied, and likely will continue to vary, by location, by industry and by end market. We, our suppliers and our customers have been and may continue to be disrupted by worker illness and absenteeism, quarantines and restrictions on employees’ ability to work, office and factory closures, disruptions to ports and other shipping infrastructure and border closures or other travel or health-related restrictions. There is considerable uncertainty regarding such restrictions and potential future governmental restrictions. Restrictions on our workforce or access to our manufacturing facilities, or similar limitations for our suppliers, or restrictions or disruptions of transportation, such as reduced availability of air transport, port closures, and increased border controls, could limit our capacity to meet customer demand and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Such restrictions and efforts to contain the spread of Covid-19 have caused and may continue to cause disruptions to our supply chain in connection with the sourcing of equipment, supplies and other materials. The resumption of normal business operations after any such restrictions are lifted may be delayed or constrained by lingering effects of Covid-19 on our suppliers or customers or both.
The Covid-19 pandemic has adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that may cause a decrease in short-term and long-term consumer demand for our customers’ products and services and impact our operating results. Demand for our products and services for the automotive end market has experienced the most significant impact to date, and there is no certainty as to when demand in that market will return to pre-Covid-19 levels.
The spread of Covid-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including corporate hygiene protocols at factories, restricting employee travel and employee work locations and cancelling physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine to be in the best interests of our employees, customers and suppliers. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the current or future impacts of Covid-19, and our ability to perform critical functions could be harmed.
At this time, we are unable to predict the future impacts that Covid-19 will have on our business, financial condition or results of operations due to various uncertainties, including the ultimate spread of Covid-19, the severity of Covid-19, the duration of the outbreak, and the actions that may be taken by governmental authorities and other businesses in response to the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Fluctuations in Operating Results and Cash Flows - Our Operating Results and Cash Flows Have Varied and May Vary Significantly as a Result of Factors That We Cannot Control.
Many factors could have a material adverse effect on our net sales, gross profit, operating results and cash flows or lead to significant variability of quarterly or annual operating results. Our profitability and ability to generate cash from operations is principally dependent upon demand for semiconductors, the utilization of our capacity, semiconductor package mix, the average selling price of our services, our ability to manage our capital expenditures and our ability to control our costs including labor, material, overhead and financing costs.
Our net sales, gross margin, gross profit, operating income and cash flows have historically fluctuated significantly from quarter to quarter as a result of many of the following factors, over which we have little or no control and which we expect to continue to impact our business:
•fluctuation in demand for semiconductors and conditions in the semiconductor industry generally, as well as by specific customers, such as inventory reductions by our customers impacting demand in key markets;
•our ability to achieve our major growth objectives, including transitioning second-wave customers to advanced packages and increasing our share of the automotive end market;
•changes in our capacity and capacity utilization rates;
•changes in average selling prices which can occur quickly due to the absence of long-term agreements on price;
•changes in the mix of the semiconductor packaging and test services that we sell;
•fluctuations in our manufacturing yields;
•the development, transition and ramp to high volume manufacture of more advanced silicon nodes and evolving wafer, packaging and test technologies may cause production delays, lower manufacturing yields and supply constraints for new wafers and other materials;
•absence of backlog, the short-term nature of our customers’ commitments, double bookings by customers and deterioration in customer forecasts and the impact of these factors, including the possible delay, rescheduling and cancellation of large orders, or the timing and volume of orders relative to our production capacity;
•changes in costs, quality, availability and delivery times of raw materials, components, equipment and labor;
•wage inflation and fluctuations in commodity prices, including gold, copper and other precious metals;
•the timing of expenditures in anticipation of future orders;
•changes in effective tax rates;
•the availability and cost of financing;
•leverage and debt covenants;
•intellectual property transactions and disputes;
•warranty and product liability claims and the impact of quality excursions and customer disputes and returns;
•costs associated with legal claims, indemnification obligations, judgments and settlements;
•political instability and government shutdowns, civil disturbances or international events, such as the United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union;
•environmental or natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons and volcanic eruptions;
•pandemics or other illnesses that may impact our labor force, operations, liquidity, supply chain and end-user demand for products which incorporate semiconductors, such as the Covid-19 pandemic;
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•costs of acquisitions and divestitures and difficulties integrating acquisitions;
•our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel to support our global operations;
•fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates, including the potential impact of the phase-out of LIBOR on our variable rate debt;
•our ability to penetrate new end markets or expand our business in existing end markets;
•dependence on key customers or concentration of customers in certain end markets, such as mobile communications and automotive; and
•restructuring charges, asset write-offs and impairments.
These factors may have a material and adverse effect on our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows or lead to significant variability of quarterly or annual operating results. In addition, these factors may adversely affect our credit ratings, which could make it more difficult and expensive for us to raise capital and could adversely affect the price of our securities.
Our Substantial Indebtedness Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Prevent Us from Fulfilling Our Obligations.
We have a significant amount of indebtedness, and the terms of the agreements governing our indebtedness allow us and our subsidiaries to incur more debt, subject to certain limitations. As of September 30, 2020, our total debt balance was $1,319.1 million, of which $136.5 million was classified as a current liability and $615.1 million was collateralized indebtedness at our subsidiaries. We may consider investments in joint ventures, increased capital expenditures, refinancings or acquisitions which may increase our indebtedness. If new debt is added to our consolidated debt level, the related risks that we face could intensify.
Our substantial indebtedness could:
•make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, including our obligations under our indentures to purchase notes tendered as a result of a change in control of Amkor;
•increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
•limit our ability to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, research and development and other business opportunities, including joint ventures and acquisitions;
•require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service payments of interest and principal on our debt, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, research and development expenditures and other general corporate requirements;
•increase the volatility of the price of our common stock;
•limit our flexibility to react to changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;
•place us at a competitive disadvantage to any of our competitors that have less debt;
•limit, along with the financial and other covenants in our indebtedness, our ability to borrow additional funds;
•limit our ability to refinance our existing indebtedness, particularly during periods of adverse credit market conditions when refinancing indebtedness may not be available under interest rates and other terms acceptable to us or at all; and
•increase our cost of borrowing.
In addition, certain of our credit agreements use LIBOR or other reference rates to determine the rate of interest payable on our borrowings. As such, our financial position may be adversely affected by fluctuations in such reference rates based on economic and market factors beyond our control. Any significant increase in such reference rates would result
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in a significant increase in interest expense on our debt, which could negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows. In addition, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. Plans for alternative reference rates for other currencies have also been announced. At this time, we cannot predict how markets will respond to proposed alternative rates or the effect of any changes to, or discontinuation of, LIBOR. If reference rates under our credit agreements are no longer available or if our lenders have increased costs due to changes in reference rates, we may experience increases in interest rates on our variable rate debt, which could adversely impact our interest expense, results of operations and cash flows.
We Are Exposed to Fluctuations in Interest Rates and Changes in Credit Risk Which Could Have a Material Adverse Impact on Our Earnings as it Relates to the Market Value of Our Investment Portfolio.
We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. Our portfolio includes available-for-sale debt investments, the values of which are subject to market price volatility resulting from interest rate movements, changes in credit risk and financial market conditions. If such investments suffer market price declines, we may recognize in earnings the decline in the fair value of our investments below their cost basis when the decline is judged to be an impairment, including an allowance for credit loss.
We May Have Difficulty Funding Liquidity Needs.
We assess our liquidity based on our current expectations regarding sales and operating expenses, capital spending, dividend payments and stock repurchases, debt service requirements and other funding needs. We fund our operations, including capital expenditures and other investments and servicing principal and interest obligations with respect to our debt, from cash flows from our operations, existing cash and cash equivalents, borrowings under available debt facilities, or proceeds from any additional debt or equity financing. Our liquidity is affected by, among other factors, volatility in the global economy and credit markets, the performance of our business, our capital expenditure and other investment levels, other uses of our cash including any payment of dividends and purchases of stock under our stock repurchase program, any acquisitions or investments in joint ventures and our ability to either repay debt and other long-term obligations out of our operating cash flows or refinance debt at or prior to maturity with the proceeds of debt or equity financings.
Servicing our current and future customers requires that we incur significant operating expenses and continue to make significant capital expenditures and other investments, and the amount of our capital expenditures for 2020 and thereafter may vary materially and will depend on several factors. These factors include, among others, the amount, timing and implementation of our capital projects, the performance of our business, economic and market conditions, advances in technology, the cash needs and investment opportunities for the business, the need for additional capacity and facilities and the availability of cash flows from operations or financing.
The health of the worldwide banking system and capital markets affects our liquidity. If financial institutions that have extended credit commitments to us are adversely affected by the conditions of the U.S., foreign or international banking system and capital markets, they may refuse or be unable to fund borrowings under their credit commitments to us. Volatility in the banking system and capital markets, as well as any increase in interest rates or adverse economic, political, public health or other global conditions, could also make it difficult or more expensive for us to maintain our existing credit facilities or refinance our debt.
The trading price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations. Such fluctuations could impact our decision or ability to utilize the equity markets as a potential source of our funding needs in the future.
In addition, there is a risk that we could fail to generate the necessary net income or operating cash flows to meet the funding needs of our business due to a variety of factors, including the other factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section. If we fail to generate the necessary cash flows or we are unable to access the capital markets when needed, our liquidity would be adversely impacted.
Customer Concentration and Loss of Customers - The Loss of Certain Customers or Reduced Orders or Pricing from Existing Customers May Have a Significant Adverse Effect on Our Operations and Financial Results.
We have derived and expect to continue to derive a large portion of our revenues from a small group of customers during any particular period due in part to the concentration of market share in the semiconductor industry. Our ten largest
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customers together accounted for 63% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2019, and we expect that percentage to increase for the year ending December 31, 2020. In addition, we have significant customer concentration within our end markets. The loss of a significant customer, a business combination among our customers, a reduction in orders or decrease in price from a significant customer or disruption in any of our significant strategic partnerships or other commercial arrangements may result in a decline in our sales and profitability and could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
The demand for our services from each customer is directly dependent upon that customer’s financial health, level of business activity and purchasing decisions, the quality and price of our services, our cycle time and delivery performance, the customer’s qualification of additional competitors on products we package or test and a number of other factors. Each of these factors could vary significantly from time to time resulting in the loss or reduction of customer orders, and we cannot assure you that our key customers or any other customers will continue to place orders with us in the future at the same levels as in past periods.
For example, as seen in the automotive end market, the Covid-19 pandemic and restrictions imposed by governmental authorities to mitigate the spread of Covid-19 in our customers’ end markets may decrease demand for our customers’ products and services, impacting their financial health and their demand for our services.
In addition, from time to time we may acquire or build new facilities or migrate existing business among our facilities. In connection with these facility changes, our customers require us to qualify the new facilities even though we have already qualified to perform the services at our other facilities. We cannot assure that we will successfully qualify new facilities or that our customers will not qualify our competitors and move the business for such services.
We Face Risks Trying to Attract, Retain or Replace Qualified Employees to Support Our Operations.
Our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued service of our key senior management, sales and technical personnel, any of whom may be difficult to replace. Competition for qualified employees is intense, and our business could be adversely affected by the loss of the services of any of our existing key personnel, including senior management, as a result of competition or for any other reason. Other than the agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, we do not have employment agreements with our key employees, including senior management, or other contracts that would prevent our key employees from working for our competitors in the event they cease working for us. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in our efforts to retain or replace key employees or in hiring and properly training sufficient numbers of qualified personnel and in effectively managing our growth. Our inability to attract, retain, motivate and train qualified new personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.
If We Fail to Maintain an Effective System of Internal Controls, We May Not be Able to Accurately Report Financial Results or Prevent Fraud.
Our internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of their inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, fraud or corruption. Therefore, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. In addition, projections concerning the effectiveness of internal controls in future periods are subject to the risk that our internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with our policies or procedures may deteriorate.
We assess our internal controls and systems on an ongoing basis, and from time-to-time, we update and make modifications to our global enterprise resource planning system. We have implemented several significant enterprise resource planning modules and expect to implement additional enterprise resource planning modules in the future. In addition, we have implemented new shop floor management systems in certain of our factories. There is a risk that deficiencies may occur that could constitute significant deficiencies or, in the aggregate, a material weakness.
If we fail to remedy any deficiencies or maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties or shareholder litigation. In addition, failure to maintain adequate internal controls could result in financial statements that do not accurately reflect our operating results or financial condition.
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We Face Risks in Connection with the Continuing Development and Implementation of Changes to, and Maintenance and Security of, Our Information Technology Systems.
We depend on our information technology systems for many aspects of our business. Our systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading, replacing or maintaining software, databases or components thereof, power outages, hardware failures, interruption or failures of third-party provider systems, computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers, telecommunication failures, user errors, malfeasance or catastrophic events. Cybersecurity breaches could result in unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or disruptions to our operations. The IT systems in our factories are at varying levels of sophistication and maturity as the factories have different sets of products, processes and customer expectations. Some of our key software has been developed by our own programmers, and this software may not be easily integrated with other software and systems. From time to time we make additions or changes to our information technology systems. For example, we are integrating our Japan operations’ information technology systems with our existing systems and processes, and such integration has inherent risks to existing operations. In addition, in May 2017, we completed our acquisition of Nanium and continue to integrate its information technology systems into our existing systems and processes. We face risks in connection with current and future projects to install or integrate new information technology systems or upgrade our existing systems. These risks include:
•delays in the design and implementation of the system;
•costs may exceed our plans and expectations; and
•disruptions resulting from the implementation, integration or cybersecurity breach of the systems may impact our ability to process transactions and delay shipments to customers, impact our results of operations or financial condition or harm our control environment.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected if our information technology systems are disrupted or if we are unable to successfully install new systems or improve, upgrade, integrate or expand upon our existing systems.
Difficulties Consolidating and Integrating Our Operations - We Face Challenges as We Integrate Diverse Operations.
We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, change in the scope and complexity of our operations resulting primarily from existing and future facility and operational consolidations, facility and operational expansions, strategic acquisitions, joint ventures and other partnering arrangements. Some of the risks from these activities include those associated with the following:
•increasing the scope, geographic diversity and complexity of our operations;
•conforming an acquired company’s standards, practices, systems and controls with our operations;
•increasing complexity from combining recent acquisitions of an acquired business;
•unexpected losses of key employees or customers of an acquired business;
•difficulties in the assimilation of acquired operations, technologies or products; and
•diversion of management and other resources from other parts of our operations and adverse effects on existing business relationships with customers.
In connection with these activities, we may:
•incur costs associated with personnel reductions and voluntary retirement programs;
•record restructuring charges to cover costs associated with facility consolidations and related cost reduction initiatives;
•use a significant portion of our available cash;
•incur substantial debt;
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•issue equity securities, which may dilute the ownership of current stockholders;
•incur or assume known or unknown contingent liabilities; and
•incur large, immediate accounting write offs and face antitrust or other regulatory inquiries or actions.
For example, the businesses we have acquired had, at the time of acquisition, multiple systems for managing their own production, sales, inventory and other operations. Migrating these businesses to our systems typically is a slow, expensive process requiring us to divert significant resources from other parts of our operations. We may continue to face these challenges in the future. As a result of the risks discussed above, the anticipated benefits of these or other future acquisitions, consolidations and partnering arrangements may not be fully realized, if at all, and these activities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We Could Suffer Adverse Tax and Other Financial Consequences if There Are Changes in Tax Laws or Taxing Authorities Do Not Agree with Our Interpretation of Applicable Tax Laws, Including Whether We Continue to Qualify for Tax Holidays, or if We Are Required to Establish or Adjust Valuation Allowances on Deferred Tax Assets.
We earn a substantial portion of our income in foreign countries, and our operations are subject to tax in multiple jurisdictions with complicated and varied tax regimes. Tax laws and income tax rates in these jurisdictions are subject to change due to economic and political conditions. Changes in U.S. or foreign tax laws, including new or modified guidance with respect to existing tax laws (particularly the Tax Act, which made significant changes to the U.S. tax code with respect to which there remains uncertainty), could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our tax liabilities are based, in part, on our corporate structure, interpretations of various U.S. and foreign tax laws, including withholding tax, compliance with tax holiday requirements, application of changes in tax law to our operations and other relevant laws of applicable taxing jurisdictions. From time to time, taxing authorities conduct examinations of our income tax returns and other regulatory filings. We cannot assure you that the taxing authorities will agree with our interpretations, including whether we continue to qualify for tax holidays. If they do not agree, we may seek to enter into settlements with the taxing authorities. We may also appeal a taxing authority’s determination to the appropriate governmental authorities, but we cannot be sure we will prevail. If we do not prevail or if we enter into settlements with taxing authorities, we may have to make significant payments or otherwise record charges (or reduce tax assets) that adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Additionally, certain of our subsidiaries operate under tax holidays, which will expire in whole or in part at various dates in the future. As those tax holidays expire, we expect that our tax expense will increase as income from those jurisdictions becomes subject to higher statutory income tax rates, thereby reducing our liquidity and cash flow.
We monitor on an ongoing basis our ability to utilize our deferred tax assets and whether there is a need for a related valuation allowance. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, in the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies and results of recent operations. For most of our foreign deferred tax assets, we believe that we will have sufficient taxable income to allow us to realize these deferred tax assets. In the event taxable income falls short of current expectations, we may need to establish a valuation allowance against such deferred tax assets that, if required, could materially affect our results of operations.
Environmental, Health & Safety Laws and Industry and Customer Initiatives - Future Environmental, Health & Safety Laws and Industry and Customer Sustainability Initiatives Could Place Additional Burdens on Our Manufacturing Operations.
Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in places we do business impose various controls on the use, storage, handling, discharge and disposal of chemicals used or generated in, or emitted by, our production processes, on the factories we occupy and on the materials contained in semiconductor products. For example, at our foreign facilities we produce liquid waste when semiconductor wafers are diced into chips with the aid of diamond saws, then cooled with running water. In addition, semiconductor packages have historically utilized metallic alloys containing lead (Pb) within the interconnect terminals typically referred to as leads, pins or balls, and the European Union’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment directive and similar laws in other jurisdictions, including China, impose strict restrictions on the placement into the market of electrical and electronic equipment containing lead and
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certain other hazardous substances. We may become liable under these and other environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including for the cost of compliance and cleanup of any disposal or release of hazardous materials arising out of our former or current operations, or otherwise as a result of the emission of greenhouse gasses or other chemicals, the existence of hazardous materials on our properties or the existence of hazardous substances in the products for which we perform our services. We could also be held liable for damages, including fines, penalties and the cost of investigations and remedial actions, we could be subject to revocation of permits negatively affecting our ability to maintain or expand our operations, and we could suffer reputational harm.
There has also been an increase in public attention and industry and customer focus on the materials contained in semiconductor products, the environmental impact of semiconductor operations and the risk of chemical releases from such operations, climate change, sustainability and related environmental concerns. This increased focus on sustainability and the environmental impact of semiconductor operations and products has caused industry groups and customers to impose additional requirements on us and our suppliers, sometimes exceeding regulatory standards. These industry and customer requirements include increased tracking and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions, reductions in waste and wastewater from operations, additional reporting on the materials and components used in the products for which we perform our services, and the use of renewable energy sources in our factory operations. To comply with these additional requirements, we may need to procure additional equipment or make factory or process changes and our operating costs may increase.
Our Business and Financial Condition Could be Adversely Affected by Natural Disasters and Other Calamities, Health Conditions or Pandemics, Political Instability, Hostilities, or Other Disruptions.
We have significant packaging and test and other operations in China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Singapore and Taiwan which are or could be subject to: natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, floods, droughts, volcanoes and other severe weather and geological events, and other calamities, such as fire; the outbreak of infectious diseases (such as Covid-19 and other coronaviruses, Ebola or flu); industrial strikes; government imposed travel restrictions or quarantines; breakdowns of equipment; difficulties or delays in obtaining materials, equipment, utilities and services; political events or instability; acts of war, armed conflict, terrorist incidents and other hostilities in regions where we have facilities; and industrial accidents and other events, that could disrupt or even shutdown our operations. For example, in April 2016, our Kumamoto factory was damaged by earthquakes in Japan. As a result of these earthquakes, our sales were reduced due to the temporary disruption in operations, and we incurred earthquake related costs for damaged inventory, buildings and equipment. Our suppliers and customers also have significant operations in such locations, and this could compound the effect of any such disruption. In the event of such a disruption or shutdown, we may be unable to reallocate production to other facilities in a timely or cost-effective manner (if at all), and we may not have sufficient capacity, or customer approval, to service customer demands in our other facilities. A natural disaster or other calamity, political instability, the occurrence of hostilities or other event that results in a prolonged disruption to our operations, or the operations of our customers or suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition, some of the processes that we utilize in our operations place us at risk of fire and other damage. For example, highly flammable gases are used in the preparation of wafers holding semiconductor devices for flip chip packaging.
We maintain insurance policies for various types of property, casualty and other risks, but we do not carry insurance for all the above referred risks. With regard to the insurance we do maintain, we cannot assure you that it would be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses. As a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected by natural disasters and other calamities.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Repurchase of Equity Securities
The following table provides information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) | Average Price Paid Per Share ($) | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (b) | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs ($) (b) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 1 - July 31 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 91,586,032 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| August 1 - August 31 | 5,425 | 12.54 | — | 91,586,032 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 1 - September 30 | — | — | — | 91,586,032 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 5,425 | $ | 12.54 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Represents shares of common stock surrendered to us to satisfy tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted shares issued to employees.
(b)Our Board of Directors previously authorized the repurchase of up to $300.0 million of our common stock, $150.0 million was approved in August 2011 and $150.0 million was approved in February 2012, exclusive of any fees, commissions or other expenses. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we made no common stock purchases, and at September 30, 2020, approximately $91.6 million was available pursuant to the stock repurchase program.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
| Incorporated by Reference | Filed Herewith | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | Period Ending | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.2 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32 | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
*Indicates management compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
AMKOR TECHNOLOGY, INC.
| By: | /s/ Megan Faust | |||||||
| Megan Faust | ||||||||
| Executive Vice President and | ||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
Date: October 30, 2020
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