Biovie Inc S-1/A, filed Jul 31, 2026
Biovie Inc. (BIVI)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 31, 2026.
Registration Statement No. 333-297552
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
TO
FORM
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
(
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Cuong Do
Chief Executive Officer
c/o BioVie Inc.
680 W Nye Lane Suite 201
Carson City, NV 89703
(775) 888-3162
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
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Stephen E. Older, Esq. Carly E. Ginley, Esq. McGuireWoods LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 20th Floor New York, New York 10020 (212) 548-2100 |
Jeffrey J. Fessler, Esq. Stephen A. Cohen, Esq. Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP 30 Rockefeller Plaza New York, NY 10112-0015 (212) 653-8700 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information contained in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
| PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION | DATED JULY 31, 2026 |
Up to 56,390,977 Shares of Class A Common Stock
Up to 56,390,977 Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 56,390,977 Shares of Class A Common Stock
Up to 56,390,977 Shares of Class A Common Stock Underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants
BioVie Inc.
We are offering on a “best efforts” basis up to 56,390,977 shares (the “Shares”) of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”) at an assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share, the last reported sales price of our Common Stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) on July 28, 2026. The actual public offering price per Share will be determined between us and the placement agent (as defined below) at the time of pricing and may be at a discount to this assumed offering price. Therefore, the assumed public offering price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the actual public offering price.
We are also offering up to 56,390,977 pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 56,390,977 shares of our Common Stock to those purchasers whose purchase of Shares in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 9.99% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock immediately following the consummation of this offering.
The purchase price of each Pre-funded Warrant is equal to the price per Share being sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.0001. Each Pre-funded Warrant will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-funded Warrants are exercised in full. For each Pre-funded Warrant we sell, the number of Shares that we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.
We have engaged ThinkEquity LLC to act as our placement agent (the “placement agent”) in connection with this offering. The placement agent has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to arrange for the sale of the securities offered by this prospectus. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities we are offering and the placement agent is not required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities. We have agreed to pay to the placement agent the placement agent fees set forth in the table below, which assumes that we sell all of the securities offered by this prospectus.
This offering will terminate on September 30, 2026, unless completed sooner or we decide to terminate this offering (which we may do at any time in our discretion) prior to that date. We will have one closing for all the securities purchased in this offering. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in escrow, trust or a similar arrangement. There is no minimum offering requirement as a condition of closing of this offering. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing this offering, we may sell fewer than all of the securities offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a refund in the event that we do not sell an amount of securities sufficient to pursue our business goals described in this prospectus. We will bear all costs associated with this offering. See “Plan of Distribution” on page 70 of this prospectus for more information regarding these arrangements.
Pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, we are also registering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants offered hereby.
Our shares of Common Stock are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “BIVI.” On July 28, 2026, the last reported sales price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq was $1.33 per share. There is no established trading market for the Pre-funded Warrants. We do not intend to list the Pre-funded Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system and do not expect a trading market to develop for the Pre-funded Warrants. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Pre-funded Warrants will be limited.
Investing in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
| Per Share | Per Pre-funded Warrant |
Total | ||||||||
| Public offering price | $ | $ | $ | |||||||
| Placement agent fees (6.0%)(1) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||
| Proceeds, before expenses, to us | $ | $ | $ | |||||||
| (1) | We refer you to “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 70 for additional information regarding the placement agent’s compensation. |
The delivery of the securities sold in this offering to purchasers is expected to be made on or about , 2026.
ThinkEquity
The date of this prospectus is , 2026
Table of Contents
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
The registration statement we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) includes exhibits that provide more detail of the matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with the SEC before making your investment decision. You should rely only on the information provided in this prospectus. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document, even though this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus is delivered, or securities are sold, on a later date. This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been or will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described in this prospectus under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
You should rely only on the information that we have included in this prospectus and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. Neither we, nor the placement agent, have authorized any dealer, salesman or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained in this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained in this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus. This prospectus and any related free writing prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor does this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
For investors outside the United States (“U.S.”): We and the placement agent have not done anything that would permit this offering or the possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for those purposes is required, other than in the U.S. Persons outside the U.S. who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the U.S.
References to the “Company,” “BioVie,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms in this prospectus are to BioVie Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. This document includes trade names and trademarks of other companies. All such trade names and trademarks appearing in this document are the property of their respective holders.
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Prospectus Summary
This summary highlights certain information about us and certain information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making an investment decision. For a more complete understanding of the Company, you should read and consider carefully the more detailed information included in this prospectus, including the factors described under the heading “Risk Factors,” on page 9 of this prospectus, before making an investment decision.
Overview of the Company
We are a clinical-stage company developing innovative drug therapies for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and advanced liver disease.
Neurodegenerative Disease Programs
The Company acquired the biopharmaceutical assets of NeurMedix, Inc. (“NeurMedix”), a privately held clinical-stage pharmaceutical company and a related party in June 2021. The acquired assets included NE3107 (“bezisterim”). Bezisterim, the approved generic name for NE3107 is an investigational, novel, orally administered small molecule that is thought to inhibit inflammation-driven insulin resistance and major pathological inflammatory cascades with a novel mechanism of action. There is emerging scientific consensus that both inflammation and insulin resistance may play fundamental roles in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (“AD”) and Parkinson’s disease (“PD”), and bezisterim could, if approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), represent an entirely new medical approach to treating these devastating conditions affecting an estimated 6 million Americans suffering from AD, 1 million Americans suffering from PD, and approximately 20 million adults in the US suffering from Long COVID, with millions more affected worldwide.
With respect to the mechanism of action, we believe bezisterim inhibits activation of inflammatory extracellular signal-regulated kinase (“ERK”) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (“NFκB”) (including interactions with tumor necrosis factor (“TNF”) signaling and other relevant inflammatory pathways) that lead to neuroinflammation and insulin resistance. By binding to ERK and selectively modulating NFκB activation and TNF-α production without interfering with their homeostatic functions (e.g., insulin signaling and neuron growth and survival), we believe that bezisterim may offer clinical improvements in several disease indications, including PD, AD and long COVID.
Chronic neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress are common features in the major neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, PD, frontotemporal lobar dementia, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Bezisterim (NE3107) is an investigational oral small molecule, blood-brain permeable, compound with potential anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitizing, and ERK-binding properties that may allow it to selectively inhibit ERK-, NFκB- and TNF-stimulated inflammation. Bezisterim’s (NE3107) potential to inhibit neuroinflammation and insulin resistance forms the basis for the Company’s work testing the molecule in AD, PD, and long COVID patients. Bezisterim (NE3107) is patented in the United States, Australia, Canada, Europe and South Korea.
Parkinson’s Disease
PD is driven in large part by neuroinflammation and activation of brain microglia, leading to increased proinflammatory cytokines (particularly TNF). Multiple daily administrations of levodopa (converted to dopamine in the brain) is the current standard of care treatment for this movement disorder. However, levodopa effectiveness diminishes over time necessitating increased dosage and prolonged daily administration leads to side effects of uncontrolled movements called levodopa-induced dyskinesia, commonly referred to as LID, which is exacerbated by high dose levodopa. Although levodopa provides symptomatic benefit, it does not slow PD progression.
The Company is conducting a Phase 2b clinical trial of bezisterim as a potential first-line therapy for patients with newly diagnosed PD. The trial is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bezisterim on motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with PD who have not been treated with carbidopa/levodopa. The Phase 2b study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a hybrid decentralized design, and is expected to span approximately 20 weeks from initial screening through safety follow-up for each participant. The trial commenced in April 2025 and completed enrollment of 60 patients in December 2025. The Company currently expects to report topline results from the trial late summer 2026, although the timing of results is subject to change and there can be no assurance that the trial will yield favorable results or support further development.
The Phase 2 study of bezisterim (NE3107) for the treatment of PD (NCT05083260) that we completed in December 2022, was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics study in PD participants treated with carbidopa/levodopa and bezisterim (NE3107). Forty-five patients with a defined L-dopa “off state” were randomized 1:1 to placebo: bezisterim (NE3107) 20 mg twice daily for 28 days. This trial was launched with two design objectives: 1) the primary objective was safety and a drug-drug interaction study as requested by the FDA to measure the potential for adverse interactions of bezisterim (NE3107) with carbidopa/ levodopa; and 2) the secondary objective was to determine if preclinical indications of promotoric activity and apparent enhancement of levodopa activity could be seen in humans. Both objectives were met.
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Long COVID Program
Long COVID is a condition in which symptoms of COVID-19, the acute respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, persist for an extended period, generally three months or more. Common symptoms include lingering loss of smell and taste, extreme fatigue, and “brain fog,” though persistent cardiovascular and respiratory problems, muscle weakness, and neurologic issues have also been documented.
In April 2024, the Company was awarded a clinical trial grant of $13.1 million from the U.S. Department of War (“DOW”), formerly known as the Department of Defense, awarded through the Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs. In August 2024, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of Human Research Oversight (“OHRO”) approved the Company’s plan to evaluate bezisterim for the treatment of neurological symptoms that are associated with long COVID and the FDA authorized our Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application for bezisterim allowing the Company to study a novel, anti-inflammatory approach for the treatment of the debilitating neurocognitive symptoms associated with long COVID. The Phase 2 ADDRESS-LC study is a randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of bezisterim in adult participants with long COVID who have cognitive impairment sequelae and fatigue. The trial commenced in May 2025 and completed enrollment in May 2026. The Company currently expects to report topline results in late summer 2026.
Alzheimer’s Disease
In AD, BioVie has conducted both Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials. Preliminary data from these trials suggest improvements in cognition and biomarkers, supporting further trials to evaluate its potential as a therapy for the six million Americans living with AD.
Results of a Phase 2 investigator-initiated trial (NCT05227820) showing bezisterimtreated patients experienced improved cognition and biomarker levels were presented at the Clinical Trials on Alzheimer’s Disease (CTAD) annual conference in December 2022.
On November 29, 2023, the Company announced the analysis of its unblinded, topline efficacy data from its Phase 3 clinical trial (NCT04669028) of bezisterim in the treatment of mild to moderate AD. The study had co-primary endpoints measuring cognitive impairment using the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Scale (ADAS-Cog 12) and function using the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). Patients were randomly assigned, 1:1 versus placebo, to receive sequentially 5 mg of bezisterim orally twice a day for 14 days, then 10 mg orally twice a day for 14 days, followed by 26 weeks of 20 mg orally twice daily.
Upon trial completion, as the Company began the process of unblinding the trial data, the Company found significant deviation from protocol and current good clinical practices (“cGCPs”) violations at 15 study sites (virtually all of which were from one geographic area). This highly unusual level of suspected improprieties led the Company to exclude all patients from these sites and to refer the sites to the FDA Office of Scientific Investigations (“OSI”) for potential further action. After the patient exclusions, 81 patients remained in the Modified Intent to Treat population, 57 of whom were in the Per-Protocol population which included those who completed the trial and were verified to take study drug from pharmacokinetic data.
The trial was originally designed to be 80% powered with 125 patients in each of the treatment and placebo arms. The unplanned exclusion of so many patients left the trial underpowered for the primary endpoints. In the Per-Protocol population, which included those patients who completed the trial and who were further verified to have taken the study drug (based on pharmacokinetic data), an observed descriptive change from baseline appeared to suggest a slowing of cognitive decline; these same patients experienced an advantage in age deceleration vs. placebo as measured by DNA epigenetic changes. Age deceleration is used by longevity researchers to measure the difference between the patient’s biological age, in this case as measured by the Horvath DNA methylation Skin Blood Clock, relative to the patient’s actual chronological age. This test was a non-primary/secondary endpoint, other-outcome measure, done via blood collected at week 30 (end of study). Additional DNA methylation data continues to be collected and analyzed.
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Liver Cirrhosis Program
In liver disease, our investigational drug candidate BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) was granted both FDA Fast Track status and FDA Orphan Drug designation for ascites (due to all etiologies except cancer), which is the most common complication related to liver cirrhosis and represents a significant unmet medical need. BIV201 is being evaluated as a treatment option for patients suffering from life-threatening complications of liver cirrhosis and ascites due to hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholism. U.S. treatment costs for liver cirrhosis, including ascites and other complications, are estimated at more than $5 billion annually and have an estimated 50% mortality rate within 6 to 12 months. The FDA has never approved any drug specifically for treating ascites.
After receiving guidance from the FDA regarding the design of Phase 3 clinical testing of BIV201 for the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites, the Company is currently finalizing the protocol design for the Phase 3 study of BIV201 with a focus on demonstrating clinical benefit through a composite primary endpoint of complications and disease progression in patients with cirrhosis and ascites who have recently recovered from acute kidney injury (“AKI”). Ascites is a common complication of advanced liver cirrhosis involving the accumulation of large volumes of fluid in the abdomen, often exceeding five liters, due to liver and kidney dysfunction. BIV201 is administered in a continuous infusion of terlipressin as a patent-pending liquid formulation with patents issued in the U.S., China, Japan, Chile, Australia, Mexico and India to date. Terlipressin is used in over 40 countries to treat complications of liver cirrhosis, including Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome and bleeding esophageal varices, and was approved in the U.S. in 2022 to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome experiencing a rapid reduction in kidney function; it is not currently approved in Japan.
Risk Factors Summary
Our business operations are subject to numerous risks, factors and uncertainties, including those outside of our control, which could cause our actual results to be harmed, including risks regarding the following:
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
- If our third party contractors do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines or do not successfully perform and comply with regulatory requirements, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of or commercialize our product candidates.
- Successful development of biopharmaceuticals is highly uncertain and is dependent on numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control.
- The concentration of our assets within a certain financial institution could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
- We are currently subject to securities class action litigation and may be subject to similar or other litigation in the future, which may have a material adverse effect on our business.
- We have no products approved for commercial sale, have never generated any revenues, and may never achieve revenues or profitability, which could cause us to cease operations.
- We are a development stage company with a limited operating history, making it difficult for you to evaluate our business and your investment.
- If the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities approve generic versions of any of our product candidates that receive marketing approval, or such authorities do not grant our products sufficient, or any, periods of exclusivity before approving generic versions of our products, the sales of our products could be adversely affected.
- If we fail to obtain or maintain Orphan Drug exclusivity for BIV201, we will have to rely on other potential marketing exclusivity and on our intellectual property rights.
- We will need to raise substantial additional capital in the future to fund our operations, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
- We have limited experience in drug development and may not be able to successfully develop any drugs, which would cause us to cease operations.
- Development of pharmaceutical products is a time-consuming process, subject to a number of risks, many of which are outside of our control.
- We may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular drug candidate or indication and fail to capitalize on drug candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.
- We have no manufacturing experience, and the failure to comply with all applicable manufacturing regulations and requirements could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
- We do not currently have the sales and marketing personnel necessary to sell products, and the failure to hire and retain such staff could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
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- Even if we were to successfully develop approvable drugs, we will not be able to sell these drugs if we or our third-party manufacturers fail to comply with manufacturing regulations.
- We must comply with significant and complex government regulations, compliance with which may delay or prevent the commercialization of our product candidates.
- The loss or unavailability of our management could put us at a competitive disadvantage.
- We may not be able to attract and retain highly skilled personnel.
- We may be unable to compete with enterprises in the highly competitive biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries and those equipped with more substantial resources than us.
- There may be conflicts of interest among our officers, directors and stockholders.
- We indemnify our officers and directors against liability to us and our security holders, and such indemnification could increase our operating costs.
Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property
- We may be unable to obtain or protect intellectual property rights relating to our product candidates.
- If we fail to comply with our obligations in the licensing and collaboration agreements, our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be harmed.
- Compliance with federal regulations such as “march-in” rights may limit our exclusive rights and our ability to contract with non-U.S. manufacturers.
- Patent terms may be inadequate to establish our competitive position on our drug candidates for an adequate amount of time.
- We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
- Changes in patent law could diminish the value of our patents and impair our ability to protect our drug candidate.
- We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful, and our patents could be found invalid or unenforceable.
- Our failure to identify relevant third-party patents or correctly interpret the relevance, scope or expiration of patents, we may be subject to infringement claims or may not be able to develop our drug candidates.
- Third parties may initiate legal proceedings alleging that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights.
- We may be subject to claims by third parties asserting that we or our employees have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated their intellectual property rights, or claiming ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property.
- We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship of our patents and other intellectual property.
- Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats.
- Intellectual property litigation may lead to unfavorable publicity that harms our reputation and causes the market price of shares of our Common Stock to decline.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
- Our stock price is and may continue to be volatile and you may not be able to resell our Common Stock at or above the price you paid.
- You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings or if we issue shares subject to options, warrants, stock awards or other arrangements.
- The market price and trading volume of our Common Stock may be volatile.
- Any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could harm us.
- Limited trading market for our Common Stock could make it difficult to liquidate an investment.
- The lack of public company experience of our management team could negatively affect our business.
- Investors may be less attracted to our Common Stock because we are a smaller reporting company.
- Additional audit and legal costs associated with periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act will negatively affect our ability to earn a profit.
- Because we do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our Common Stock, our stockholders will not be able to receive a return on their shares unless they sell them.
- We are authorized to issue “blank check” preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could adversely impact the rights of holders of our securities.
- Provisions in our Articles of Incorporation, our Bylaws, and Nevada law might discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the trading price of our Common Stock.
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Risks Relating to this Offering
- You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of our Common Stock you purchase in this offering.
- Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering, may invest or spend the proceeds raised in this offering in ways with which you may not agree and the proceeds may not yield a significant return.
- This is a best efforts offering, no minimum number of securities is required to be sold, and we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our business plans.
- Nasdaq may seek to delist our Common Stock if it concludes this offering does not qualify as a public offering as defined under Nasdaq’s stockholder approval rule.
- There is no established public trading market for the Pre-funded Warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop for the Pre-funded Warrants.
- The Pre-funded Warrants are speculative in nature.
- We will not receive any meaningful additional funds upon the exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants.
- If we do not maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants, holders will only be able to exercise such Pre-funded Warrants on a “cashless basis.”
- Significant holders or beneficial holders of shares of our Common Stock may not be permitted to exercise the Pre-funded Warrants that they hold.
- Since the Pre-funded Warrants are executory contracts, they may have no value in a bankruptcy or reorganization proceeding.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive office is located at 680 W. Nye Lane, Suite 201, Carson City, Nevada 89703, and our phone number is (775) 888-3162. Our corporate website address is located at www.bioviepharma.com. The information on or accessed through our website is not incorporated in this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
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The Offering
| Common Stock offered by us: | Up to 56,390,977 shares of Common Stock at an assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share, the last reported sales price of our Common Stock as reported on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026. | |
| Pre-funded Warrants offered by us: |
We are also offering up to 56,390,977 Pre-funded Warrants to purchase up to 56,390,977 shares of Common Stock at an assumed public offering price equal to the price per Share being sold to the public in this offering minus $0.0001, to those purchasers whose purchase of Shares in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 9.99% of our outstanding Common Stock immediately following the consummation of this offering.
The Pre-funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until exercised in full at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. This prospectus also relates to the offering of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants sold in this offering. For each Pre-funded Warrant we sell, the number of Shares that we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.
For additional information regarding the terms of the Pre-funded Warrants, see “Description of Securities.” | |
| Common Stock to be outstanding after this offering: | 63,933,615 shares based on an assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share (which is the last reported sales price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026) and assumes no sale of Pre-funded Warrants, which, if sold, would reduce the number of shares of Common Stock that we are offering on a one-for-one basis. |
| Best efforts offering: |
We have agreed to issue and sell the securities offered hereby to the purchasers through the placement agent. The placement agent is not required to arrange for the purchase and sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities, other than use its best efforts to arrange for the sale of the securities by us. See “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus.
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| Use of proceeds: |
We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $70.0 million, based on an assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share (the last reported sales price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026) after deducting estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. However, this is a best efforts offering with no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds as a condition to closing, and we may not sell all or any of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus; as a result, we may receive significantly less in net proceeds.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. This may include, but is not limited to, capital expenditures, research and development (“R&D”) expenditures and acquisitions of new technologies or businesses. See “Use of Proceeds” for a more complete description of the intended use of proceeds from this offering. | |
| Risk factors: | Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 for a discussion of the factors you should consider carefully before you decide to invest in our securities. | |
| Listing: | Our Common Stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “BIVI.” There is no established trading market for the Pre-funded Warrants. We do not intend to list the Pre-funded Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system and do not expect a trading market to develop for the Pre-funded Warrants. |
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The number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding before this offering and to be outstanding after this offering is based on 7,542,638 shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of July 28, 2026, and excludes:
| · | 2,785,363 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $7.62 per share; |
| · | 8,282,037 shares (including 380,000 pre-funded warrants) of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $5.56 per share; and |
| · | 300 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units issued under our equity incentive plan. |
Unless otherwise indicated, this prospectus reflects and assumes the following:
| · | no exercise of outstanding options or warrants; |
| · | no exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants issued and sold in this offering; and |
| · | no exercise of the Placement Agent’s Warrants (as defined herein) to be issued upon consummation of this offering at an exercise price equal to 125% of the public offering price of our Common Stock. |
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Risk Factors
Investing in shares of our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in shares of our Common Stock, you should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties discussed below and under the section titled “Risk Factors” in any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize. Please also read carefully the section titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
We rely and will continue to rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines or do not successfully perform and comply with regulatory requirements, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of or commercialize our product candidates.
We depend, and will continue to depend, on third parties, including, but not limited to, contract research organizations (“CROs”), clinical trial sites and clinical trial principal investigators, contract laboratories, independent institutional review boards (“IRBs”), manufacturers, suppliers, and other third parties to conduct our clinical trials, including those for our drug candidates bezisterim (NE3107) and BIV201. We rely heavily on these third parties over the course of our clinical trials, and we control only certain aspects of their activities. Nevertheless, we retain ultimate responsibility for ensuring that each of our studies is conducted in accordance with the protocol and applicable legal, regulatory, and scientific standards and regulations, and our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We and these third parties are required to comply with cGCPs, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for the conduct of clinical trials on product candidates in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce cGCPs through periodic inspections and for-cause inspections of clinical trial principal investigators and trial sites. If, due to the failure of either us or a third party, a clinical trial fails to comply with applicable cGCPs, FDA’s IND requirements, other applicable regulatory requirements, or requirements set forth in the applicable IRB-approved protocol, we may be required to conduct additional clinical trials to support our marketing applications, which would delay the regulatory approval process. For example, our drug product candidate bezisterim (NE3107) was cleared by FDA for use in a Phase 3, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, multicenter study in subjects who have mild to moderate AD. Enrollment in that trial began in August 2021, with a planned primary completion in late 2022/early 2023. On November 29, 2023, we announced topline efficacy data from its Phase 3 clinical trial (NCT04669028) of bezisterim (NE3107) in the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Upon trial completion, as we began the process of analyzing the trial data, we found significant deviations from the protocol and cGCP violations at 15 study sites (virtually all of which were from one geographic area). This highly unusual level of suspected improprieties led us to exclude all patients from these sites. We subsequently notified FDA’s OSI of such significant deviations from study protocol, the suspected improprieties, and the study sites involved. The identification of significant deviations from study protocol and numerous GCP violations at multiple study sites raised questions regarding the validity and robustness of data from these study sites. The unplanned exclusion of so many patients left the trial underpowered for its primary endpoints. However, based on the remaining dataset from those other sites determined to be in compliance with the protocol and GCP’s, a preliminary signal of efficacy was detected.
Although we design the clinical trials for our product candidates, our CROs are tasked with facilitating and monitoring these trials. As a result, many aspects of our clinical development programs, including site and investigator selection, and the conduct, timing, and monitoring of the study, is outside our direct control, either partially or in whole. Our reliance on third parties to conduct clinical trials also results in less direct control over the collection, management, and quality of data developed through clinical trials than would be the case if we were relying entirely upon our own employees. Communicating with third parties can also be challenging, potentially leading to mistakes as well as difficulties in coordinating activities. Our business may be impacted if any of these third parties violates applicable federal, state, or foreign laws and/or regulations, including but not limited to FDA’s IND regulations, cGCPs, fraud and abuse or false claims laws, healthcare privacy and data security laws, or provide us or government agencies with inaccurate, misleading, or incomplete data.
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Successful development of biopharmaceuticals is highly uncertain and is dependent on numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control.
Product candidates that appear promising in the early phases of development may fail to reach the market for several reasons. Pre-clinical study results may show the product candidate to be less effective than desired (e.g., the study failed to meet its primary endpoints) or to have harmful or problematic side effects. Product candidates may fail to receive the necessary regulatory approvals or may be delayed in receiving such approvals. Among other things, such delays may be caused by slow enrollment in clinical studies; length of time to achieve study endpoints; additional time requirements for data analysis; IND and later new drug application preparation; discussions with the FDA; an FDA request for additional pre-clinical or clinical data; unexpected safety or manufacturing issues; manufacturing costs; pricing or reimbursement issues; clinical sites deviating from the trial protocol, committing scientific misconduct, or other violations of regulatory requirements - which can render data from those sites unusable in support of regulatory approval; or other factors that make the product not economical. Proprietary rights of others and their competing products and technologies may also prevent the product from being commercialized.
Success in pre-clinical and early clinical studies does not ensure that large-scale clinical studies will be successful. Clinical results are frequently susceptible to varying interpretations that may delay, limit or prevent regulatory approvals. The length of time necessary to complete clinical studies and to submit an application for marketing approval for a final decision by a regulatory authority varies significantly from one product to the next, and may be difficult to predict. There can be no assurance that any of our products will develop successfully, and the failure to develop our products will have a materially adverse effect on our business and will cause you to lose all of your investment.
The concentration of our assets within a certain financial institution could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
As of June 30, 2026, we had cash deposited in a certain financial institution in excess of federally insured levels. We regularly monitor the financial stability of these financial institutions and believes that it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents. Bank failures, events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance, or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, or concerns or rumors about such events, may lead to liquidity constraints. In 2023, certain U.S. government banking regulators took steps to intervene in the operations of certain financial institutions due to liquidity concerns, which caused general heightened uncertainties in financial markets. While previous bank failures have not had a material direct impact on our operations, if further liquidity and financial stability concerns arise with respect to banks and financial institutions, either nationally or in specific regions, our ability to access cash or enter into new financing arrangements may be threatened, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are currently subject to securities class action litigation and may be subject to similar or other litigation in the future, all of which will require significant management time and attention, result in significant legal expenses and may result in unfavorable outcomes, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition, and negatively affect the price of our Common Stock.
We are, and may in the future become, subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in or outside the ordinary course of business. For example, on January 19, 2024, a purported securities class action complaint, captioned Eric Olmstead v. BioVie Inc. et al., No. 3:24-cv-00035, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada, naming us and certain of our officers as defendants. On February 22, 2024, a second, related putative securities class action was filed in the same court asserting similar claims against the same defendants, captioned Way v. BioVie Inc. et al., No. 2:24-cv-00361. On April 15, 2024, the court consolidated these two actions under the caption In re BioVie Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 3:24-cv-00035 (the "Securities Class Action"), appointed the lead plaintiff, and approved selection of the lead counsel. On June 21, 2024, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, alleging that the defendants made material misrepresentations and/or omissions of material fact relating to our business, operations, compliance, and prospects, including information related to the NM101 Phase 3 study and trial of bezisterim (NE3107) in mild to moderate probable AD, in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The class action is on behalf of purchasers of our securities during the period from December 7, 2022 through November 28, 2023 and seeks unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the putative class and an award of costs and expenses, including attorney’s fees. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on August 21, 2024, and on March 27, 2025, the court denied that motion. The parties are now engaged in fact discovery. On February 13, 2026, the plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification and a motion for leave to file a second amended complaint. Defendants opposed the motion for leave to amend. On June 5, 2026, the court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for leave to amend, and the same day the plaintiffs filed their Second Amended Complaint. On June 15, 2026, the defendants filed a Notice of Non-Opposition and Reservation of Rights in response to the motion for class certification, and on June 18, 2026, the Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion and certified the class subject to the defendants’ reservation of rights. The defendants answered the Second Amended Complaint on June 22, 2026. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and intends to defend vigorously against them, but there can be no assurances as to the outcome.
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Three shareholder derivative lawsuits piggy-backing on the Securities Class Action were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada, allegedly on behalf of the Company, by three putative stockholders: Andrew Hulm on December 30, 2024; William Settel on April 28, 2025 and Cline Wilkerson on September 11, 2025, (collectively the “Related Derivative Lawsuits”). Each Related Derivative Lawsuit names the same current and former officers and directors as defendants and alleges essentially the same claims: that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing or failing to prevent the securities violations alleged in the Securities Class Action, and related claims for unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, gross mismanagement, and abuse of control. On September 29, 2025, at the request of the parties, the court consolidated all three Related Derivative Lawsuits under the caption In re BioVie Inc. Derivative Litigation, Case No. 3:24-cv-0602-CSD (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”). On January 27, 2026, at the request of the parties, the court stayed the Consolidated Derivative Action pending resolution of a summary judgment motion by defendants in the Securities Class Action. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and intends to defend vigorously against them, but there can be no assurances as to the outcome.
It is possible that additional lawsuits will be filed, or allegations received from stockholders, with respect to these same or other matters and also naming us and/or our officers and directors as defendants. Such lawsuits and any other related lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties, and the actual defense and disposition costs will depend upon many unknown factors. The outcome of such lawsuits is necessarily uncertain. We could be forced to expend significant resources in the defense of the pending lawsuits and any additional lawsuits, and we may not prevail. In addition, we may incur substantial legal fees and costs in connection with such lawsuits. We currently are not able to estimate the possible cost to us from these matters, as the pending lawsuits are currently at an early stage, and we cannot be certain how long it may take to resolve the pending lawsuits or the possible amount of any damages that we may be required to pay. Monitoring, initiating and defending against legal actions is time-consuming for our management, is likely to be expensive and may detract from our ability to fully focus our internal resources on our business activities. We could be forced to expend significant resources in the settlement or defense of the pending lawsuit and any potential future lawsuits, and we may not prevail in such lawsuits.
Although we have insurance coverage that we believe applies to these actions, the coverage is subject to a $2 million deductible. That means that we are responsible for the first $2 million of loss arising from these actions, which includes both defense costs and damages, before any insurance coverage will apply. Furthermore, our insurance coverage may be insufficient, and our assets may be insufficient to cover any amounts that exceed our insurance coverage, and we may have to pay damage awards or otherwise may enter into a settlement arrangement in connection with such claims. A decision adverse to our interests in the pending lawsuits, or in similar or related litigation, could result in the payment of substantial damages, or possibly fines, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, our stock price, cash flow, results of operations and financial condition. We have not established any reserve for any potential liability relating to the pending lawsuits or any potential future lawsuits. Any such payments or settlement arrangements in current or future litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. In addition, such lawsuits may make it more difficult to finance our operations and affect our ability to make payments for damages.
We have no products approved for commercial sale, have never generated any revenues and may never achieve revenues or profitability, which could cause us to cease operations.
We have no products approved for commercial sale and, to date, we have not generated any revenue. Our ability to generate revenue depends heavily on (a) successful completion of one or more development programs demonstrating in human clinical trials that BIV201 and bezisterim (NE3107), our product candidates, are safe and effective; (b) our ability to seek and obtain regulatory approvals, including, without limitation, with respect to the indications we are seeking; (c) successful commercialization of our product candidates; and (d) market acceptance of our products. There are no assurances that we will achieve any of the foregoing objectives. Furthermore, our product candidates are in the development stage, and have not been fully evaluated in human clinical trials. If we do not successfully develop and commercialize our product candidates we will not achieve revenues or profitability in the foreseeable future, if at all. If we are unable to generate revenues or achieve profitability, we may be unable to continue our operations.
We are a development stage company with a limited operating history, making it difficult for you to evaluate our business and your investment.
Although the Company was incorporated on April 10, 2013, we are a development stage biopharmaceutical company with potential therapies that have not been fully evaluated in clinical trials, and our operations are subject to all of the risks inherent in the establishment of a new business enterprise, including but not limited to the absence of an operating history, the lack of commercialized products, insufficient capital, expected substantial and continual losses for the foreseeable future, limited experience in dealing with regulatory issues, the lack of manufacturing experience and limited marketing experience, possible reliance on third parties for the development and commercialization of our proposed products, a competitive environment characterized by numerous, well-established and well capitalized competitors and reliance on key personnel.
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Since inception, we have not established any revenues or operations that would provide financial stability in the long term, and there can be no assurance that we will realize our plans on our projected timetable in order to reach sustainable or profitable operations.
Investors are subject to all the risks incident to the creation and development of a new business and each investor should be prepared to withstand a complete loss of his, her or its investment. Furthermore, the accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. We have not emerged from the development stage, and may be unable to raise further equity. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Because we are subject to these risks, you may have a difficult time evaluating our business and your investment in the Company. Our ability to become profitable depends primarily on our ability to develop drugs, to obtain approval for such drugs, and if approved, to successfully commercialize our drugs, our R&D efforts, including the timing and cost of clinical trials; and our ability to enter into favorable alliances with third-parties who can provide substantial capabilities in clinical development, regulatory affairs, sales, marketing and distribution.
Even if we successfully develop and market BIV201 and/or bezisterim (NE3107), we may not generate sufficient or sustainable revenue to achieve or sustain profitability, which could cause us to cease operations and cause you to lose all of your investment.
If the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities approve generic versions of any of our product candidates that receive marketing approval, or such authorities do not grant our products sufficient, or any, periods of exclusivity before approving generic versions of our products, the sales of our products could be adversely affected.
Once a New Drug Application (“NDA”) is approved, the product covered thereby becomes a “reference listed drug” (“RLD”), in the FDA’s publication, “Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations,” commonly known as the Orange Book. Other manufacturers may seek approval of generic versions of reference listed drugs through submission of abbreviated new drug applications (“ANDAs”) in the United States. In support of an ANDA, a generic manufacturer need not conduct clinical trials. Rather, the applicant generally must show that its product has the same active ingredient(s), dosage form, strength, route of administration and conditions of use or labeling as the reference listed drug and that the generic version is bioequivalent to the reference listed drug, meaning it is absorbed in the body at the same rate and to the same extent as the RLD. Generic products may be significantly less costly to bring to market than the reference listed drug and companies that produce generic products are generally able to offer them at lower prices. Moreover, generic versions of RLDs are often automatically substituted for the RLD by pharmacies when dispensing a prescription written for the RLD. Thus, following the introduction of a generic drug, a significant percentage of the sales of any branded product or reference listed drug is typically lost to the generic product.
The FDA may not approve an ANDA for a generic product until any applicable period of non-patent exclusivity for the reference listed drug has expired. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”) provides a period of five years of non-patent exclusivity for a new drug containing a new chemical entity (“NCE”). An NCE is an active ingredient that has not previously been approved by FDA in any other NDA. Specifically, in cases where such exclusivity has been granted, an ANDA may not be submitted to the FDA until the expiration of five years unless the submission is accompanied by a Paragraph IV certification that a patent covering the reference listed drug is either invalid or will not be infringed by the generic product, in which case the applicant may submit its application four years following approval of the reference listed drug. If an ANDA is submitted to FDA with a Paragraph IV Certification, the generic applicant must also provide a “Paragraph IV Notification” to the holder of the NDA for the RLD and to the owner of the listed patent(s) being challenged by the ANDA applicant, providing a detailed written statement of the basis for the ANDA applicant’s position that the relevant patent(s) is invalid or would not be infringed. If the patent owner brings a patent infringement lawsuit against the ANDA applicant within 45 days of the Paragraph IV Notification, FDA approval of the ANDA will be automatically stayed for 30 months, or until 7-1/2 years after the NDA approval if the generic application was filed between 4 years and 5 years after the NDA approval. Any such stay will be terminated earlier if the court rules that the patent is invalid or would not be infringed.
Competition that our products may face from generic versions of our products could materially and adversely impact our future revenue, profitability and cash flows and substantially limit our ability to obtain a return on the investments we have made in those product candidates.
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If we fail to obtain or maintain Orphan Drug exclusivity for BIV201, we will have to rely on other potential marketing exclusivity, and on our intellectual property rights, which may reduce the length of time that we can prevent competitors from selling generic versions of BIV201.
We have obtained Orphan Drug Designation for BIV201 (terlipressin) in the U.S. for the treatment of HRS on November 21, 2018 and treatment of ascites due to all etiologies except cancer on September 8, 2016. Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate a product as an Orphan Drug if it is a drug intended to treat a rare disease or condition, defined, in part, as a patient population of fewer than 200,000 in the U.S. In the European Union (“EU”), Orphan Drug designation may be granted to drugs intended to treat, diagnose or prevent a life-threatening or chronically debilitating disease having a prevalence of no more than five in 10,000 people in the EU, and which meet other specified criteria. The company that first obtains FDA approval for a designated Orphan Drug for the associated rare disease may receive a seven-year period of marketing exclusivity during which time FDA may not approve another application for the same drug for the same orphan disease or condition. Orphan Drug Exclusivity does not prevent FDA approval of another application for the same drug for a different disease or condition, or of an application for a different drug for the same rare disease or condition. Orphan Drug exclusive marketing rights may be lost under several circumstances, including a later determination by the FDA that the request for designation was materially defective or if the manufacturer is unable to assure sufficient quantity of the drug. Similar regulations are available in the EU with a ten-year period of market exclusivity.
Even though BioVie has obtained two Orphan Drug Designations for its lead product candidate, terlipressin, for treatment of ascites and for treatment of HRS, and may seek other Orphan Drug Designations for BIV201, and Orphan Drug Designation for other product candidates, there is no assurance that BioVie will be the first to obtain marketing approval for any particular rare indication. Further, even though BioVie has obtained Orphan Drug Designations for its lead product candidate, or even if BioVie obtains Orphan Drug Designation for other potential product candidates, such designation may not effectively protect BioVie from competition because different drugs can be approved for the same condition and the same drug can be approved for different conditions and potentially used off-label in the Orphan indication. Even after an Orphan Drug is approved, the FDA can subsequently approve another competing drug with the same active ingredient for the same condition for several reasons, including, if the FDA concludes that the later drug is clinically superior due to being safer or more effective or because it makes a major contribution to patient care. Orphan Drug Designation neither shortens the development time or regulatory review time of a drug, nor gives the drug any advantage in the regulatory review or approval process.
In addition, other companies have received Orphan Drug designations for terlipressin. Mallinckrodt Hospital Products IP Limited received Orphan Drug designation in 2004 for terlipressin for the treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS). Mallinckrodt has already gained FDA approval for its product, lyophilized terlipressin acetate for bolus intravenous administration for the treatment of HRS Type 1 in September 2022. PharmaIN Corporation received Orphan Drug Designation in 2012 for PGC-C12E-terlipressin for treatment of ascites due to all etiologies except cancer. In addition, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc. received Orphan Drug designation in 1986 for terlipressin for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. If one of those or any other company with Orphan Drug Designation for the same drug as ours for the same proposed disease or condition receives FDA approval and Orphan Drug Exclusivity before our product is approved, approval of our drug(s) for the orphan indication may be blocked for seven years by the other company’s Orphan Exclusivity and they may obtain a competitive advantage even after the exclusivity period expires associated with being the first to market.
We will need to raise substantial additional capital in the future to fund our operations and we may be unable to raise such funds when needed and on acceptable terms, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
Developing biopharmaceutical products, including conducting pre-clinical studies and clinical trials and establishing manufacturing capabilities, requires substantial funding. Additional financing will be required to fund the R&D of our product candidates. We have not generated any product revenues, and do not expect to generate any revenues until, and only if, we develop, and receive approval to sell our product candidates from the FDA and other regulatory authorities for our product candidates.
We may not have the resources to complete the development and commercialization of any of our proposed product candidates. We will require additional financing to further the clinical development of our product candidates. In the event that we cannot obtain the required financing, we will be unable to complete the development necessary to file an NDA with the FDA for BIV201 or bezisterim (NE3107). This will delay or require termination of R&D programs, preclinical studies and clinical trials, material characterization studies, regulatory processes, the establishment of our own laboratory or a search for third party marketing partners to market our products for us, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
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The amount of capital we may need will depend on many factors, including the progress, timing and scope of our R&D programs, the progress, timing and scope of our preclinical studies and clinical trials, the time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals, the time and cost necessary to establish our own marketing capabilities or to seek marketing partners, the time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments, changes made or new developments in our existing collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships, and new collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships that we may establish.
Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, if ever, we expect to finance future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our research or development programs or our commercialization efforts. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development and reduce or forego attractive business opportunities. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience additional significant dilution, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or our product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. We may seek to access the public or private capital markets whenever conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time.
Our fixed expenses, such as rent and other contractual commitments, will likely increase in the future, as we may enter into leases for new facilities and capital equipment and/or enter into additional licenses and collaborative agreements. Therefore, if we fail to raise substantial additional capital to fund these expenses, we could be forced to cease operations, which could cause you to lose all of your investment.
We have limited experience in drug development and may not be able to successfully develop any drugs, which would cause us to cease operations.
We have never successfully developed a new drug and brought it to market. Our management and clinical teams have experience in drug development but they may not be able to successfully develop any drugs. Our ability to achieve revenues and profitability in our business will depend on, among other things, our ability to develop products internally or to obtain rights to them from others on favorable terms; complete laboratory testing and human studies; obtain and maintain necessary intellectual property rights to our products; successfully complete regulatory review to obtain requisite governmental agency approvals; enter into arrangements with third parties to manufacture our products on our behalf; and enter into arrangements with third parties to provide sales and marketing functions. If we are unable to achieve these objectives we will be forced to cease operations and you will lose all of your investment.
Development of pharmaceutical products is a time-consuming process, subject to a number of risks, many of which are outside of our control. Consequently, we can provide no assurance that our product candidates will obtain regulatory approval, and if we are unsuccessful or fail to timely develop new drugs, we could be forced to discontinue our operations.
Development and extensive testing will be required to determine the technical feasibility and commercial viability of BIV201 and bezisterim (NE3107). Our success will depend on our ability to achieve scientific and technological advances and to translate such advances into reliable, commercially competitive drugs on a timely basis. Drugs that we may develop are not likely to be commercially available, at a minimum, for several years, if ever. Our drug product candidate, BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin), was cleared by the FDA to undergo testing in a mid-stage (Phase 2b) clinical trial for the treatment of refractory ascites due to cirrhosis. On June 24, 2021, we announced that the first patient has been enrolled in this study. In March 2023, the open-label trial was stopped after 15 of the planned 30 patients were enrolled, and an evaluation of those completed patients assessed. Encouraging data from these patients appeared to show that treatment with BIV201 plus SOC resulted in a reduction in ascites fluid accumulation during treatment versus pre-treatment. In June 2023 and December 2024, we requested and subsequently received guidance from the FDA regarding the design and endpoints for definitive clinical testing of BIV201 for the treatment of chronic liver cirrhosis. We are currently finalizing the protocol design for the Phase 3 study of BIV201 with a focus on demonstrating clinical benefit through a composite primary endpoint of complications and disease progression in patients with cirrhosis and ascites who have recently recovered from AKI.
The proposed development schedules for our product candidates may be affected by a variety of factors, including technological difficulties, proprietary technology of others, and changes in government regulation, many of which will not be within our control. In June 2021, FDA approved the drug aducanumab for treatment of Alzheimer’s despite a strong recommendation against approval from an FDA advisory committee. That FDA approval has generated significant medical and political controversy, including a Congressional investigation, announced on June 25, 2021, into the basis for FDA’s approval decision. That investigation, other potential investigations, and negative publicity of FDA’s approval decision could adversely impact the agency’s oversight of our clinical development program, how the agency may view and act upon any NDA we may file for bezisterim (NE3107), and the commercial viability of bezisterim (NE3107) if it were to be approved and marketed.
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Any delay or further delay in the development, introduction or marketing of our product candidates could result either in such drugs being marketed at a time when their cost and performance characteristics would not be competitive in the marketplace or in the shortening of their commercial lives. In light of the long-term nature of our projects and other risk factors described elsewhere in this document, we may not be able to successfully complete the development or marketing of any drugs, which could cause us to cease operations.
From time to time, the FDA may have feedback on our clinical trial designs, including for example certain of our endpoints and outcome measures. As a result, we may consider revisions to our protocols which may delay progress in implementing our trials. We may fail to successfully develop and commercialize our product candidate(s) if it is found to be unsafe or ineffective in clinical trials; does not receive necessary approval from the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies; fails to conform to a changing standard of care for the disease it seeks to treat; or is less effective or more expensive than current or alternative treatment methods.
Drug development failure can occur at any stage of clinical trials and as a result of many factors, there can be no assurance that we or our collaborators will reach our anticipated clinical targets. Even if the trials are successfully completed, clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and we cannot guarantee that the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities will interpret the results as we do, and more trials could be required before we submit our product candidates for approval. We cannot guarantee that the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities will view our product candidates as having efficacy even if positive results are observed in clinical trials. In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due to numerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherence to the clinical trial protocols, and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. If the results of our ongoing or future clinical trials are inconclusive with respect to the efficacy of our product candidates, if we do not meet the clinical endpoints with statistical and clinically meaningful significance, or if there are safety concerns associated with our product candidates, we may be delayed in obtaining marketing approval, if at all. Additionally, any safety concerns observed in any one of our clinical trials in our targeted indications could limit the prospects for regulatory approval of our product candidates in those and other indications. We also do not know what the long-term effects of exposure to our product candidates will be. Furthermore, our product candidates may be used in combination with other treatments and there can be no assurance that such use will not lead to unique or unexpected safety issues.
Failure to complete clinical trials or to prove that our product candidates are safe and effective would have a material adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue and could require us to reduce the scope of or discontinue our operations, which could cause you to lose all of your investment.
We may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular drug candidate or indication and fail to capitalize on drug candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.
Because we have limited human capital and financial resources, we focus on research programs and drug candidates that we identify for specific indications. As a result, we may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other drug candidates or for other indications that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Our resource allocation decisions may cause us to fail to capitalize on viable commercial drugs or profitable market opportunities. Our spending on current and future R&D programs and drug candidates for specific indications may not yield any commercially viable drugs. If we do not accurately evaluate the commercial potential or target market for a particular drug candidate, we may relinquish valuable rights to that drug candidate through collaboration, licensing or other royalty arrangements in cases in which it would have been more advantageous for us to retain sole development and commercialization rights to such drug candidate.
At any time and for any reason, we may determine that one or more of our discovery programs or preclinical or clinical drug candidates or programs does not have sufficient potential to warrant the allocation of resources toward such program or drug candidate. Accordingly, we may choose not to develop a potential drug candidate or elect to suspend, deprioritize or terminate one or more of our discovery programs or preclinical or clinical drug candidates or programs. For example, BIV201 has received Orphan Drug designation for Ascites and HRS. On June 23, 2021, we announced that FDA had provided guidance on our planned Phase 3 clinical trial of BIV201 in Ascites and have since reached agreement on the key elements of the trial design. Thereafter, we deprioritized the program due to funding. Mallinckrodt gained FDA approval for its product, lyophilized terlipressin acetate for bolus intravenous administration for the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome Type 1 in September 2022. When we suspend, deprioritize or terminate a program or drug candidate in which we have invested significant resources, we will have expended resources on a program that will not provide a full return on our investment and may have missed the opportunity to have allocated those resources to potentially more productive uses, including existing or future programs or drug candidates.
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We have no manufacturing experience, and the failure to comply with all applicable manufacturing regulations and requirements could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
We have never manufactured products in the highly regulated environment of pharmaceutical manufacturing, and our team has limited experience in the manufacture of drug therapies. There are numerous regulations and requirements that must be maintained to obtain licensure and permitting required prior to the commencement of manufacturing, as well as additional requirements to continue manufacturing pharmaceutical products. We currently do not own or lease facilities that could be used to manufacture any products that might be developed by us, and have contracted with an experienced Contract Manufacturing Organization (“CMO”) to perform the manufacturing of our investigational product candidates BIV201 and bezisterim (NE3107). In addition, we do not have the resources at this time to acquire or lease suitable facilities. If we or our CMO fail to comply with regulations, to obtain the necessary licenses and knowhow or to obtain the requisite financing in order to comply with all applicable regulations and to own or lease the required facilities in order to manufacture our products, we could be forced to cease operations, which would cause you to lose all of your investment.
In addition, the FDA and other regulatory authorities require that product candidates and drug products be manufactured according to cGMP. Any failure by our third-party manufacturers to comply with cGMP could lead to a shortage of BIV201 and NE3107. In addition, such failure could be the basis for action by the FDA to withdraw approval, if granted to us, and for other regulatory enforcement action, including Warning Letters, product seizure, injunction or other civil or criminal penalties.
BIV201 and bezisterim (NE3107) and any other product candidates that we develop may have to compete with other products and product candidates for access to manufacturing facilities. There are a limited number of manufacturers that operate under cGMP regulations and that are both capable of manufacturing for us and willing to do so. If we need to find another source of drug substance or drug product manufacturing for BIV201 and bezisterim (NE3107), we may not be able to identify, or reach agreement with, commercial-scale manufacturers on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to do so, we will need to develop our own commercial-scale manufacturing capabilities, which would: impact commercialization of BIV201 and bezisterim (NE3107) in the U.S. and other countries where it may be approved; require a capital investment by us that could be quite costly; and increase our operating expenses.
If our existing third-party manufacturers, or the third parties that we engage in the future to manufacture a product for commercial sale or for our clinical trials, should cease to continue to do so for any reason, we likely would experience significant delays in obtaining sufficient quantities of product for us to meet commercial demand or to advance our clinical trials while we identify and qualify replacement suppliers. If for any reason we are unable to obtain adequate supplies of BIV201 or any other product candidate that we develop, or the drug substances used to manufacture it, it will be more difficult for us to compete effectively, generate revenue, and further develop our products. In addition, if we are unable to assure a sufficient quantity of the drug for patients with rare diseases or conditions, we may lose any Orphan Drug exclusivity to which the product otherwise would be entitled.
We do not currently have the sales and marketing personnel necessary to sell products, and the failure to hire and retain such staff could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
We are an early stage development company with limited resources. Even if we had products available for sale, which we currently do not, we have not secured sales and marketing staff at this early stage of operations to sell products. We cannot generate sales without sales or marketing staff and must rely on others to provide any sales or marketing services until such personnel are secured, if ever. If we fail to hire and retain the requisite expertise in order to market and sell our products or fail to raise sufficient capital in order to afford to pay such sales or marketing staff, then we could be forced to cease operations and you could lose all of your investment.
Even if we were to successfully develop approvable drugs, we will not be able to sell these drugs if we or our third-party manufacturers fail to comply with manufacturing regulations, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
If we were to successfully develop approvable drugs, before we can begin selling these drugs, we must obtain regulatory approval of our manufacturing facility and process or the manufacturing facility and process of the third party or parties with whom we may outsource our manufacturing activities. In addition, the manufacture of our products must comply with the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices regulations, commonly known as GMP regulations. The GMP regulations govern quality control and documentation policies and procedures. Our manufacturing facilities, if any in the future, and the manufacturing facilities of our third-party manufacturers will be continually subject to inspection by the FDA and other state, local and foreign regulatory authorities, before and after product approval. We cannot guarantee that we, or any potential third-party manufacturer of our products, will be able to comply with the GMP regulations or other applicable manufacturing regulations. The failure to comply with all necessary regulations would have a materially adverse effect on our business and could force us to cease operations and you could lose all of your investment.
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We must comply with significant and complex government regulations, compliance with which may delay or prevent the commercialization of our product candidates, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
The R&D, manufacture and marketing of drug product candidates are subject to regulation, primarily by the FDA in the United States and by comparable authorities in other countries. These national agencies and other federal, state, local and foreign entities regulate, among other things, R&D activities (including testing in animals and in humans) and the testing, manufacturing, handling, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising and promotion of the product that we are developing. Noncompliance with applicable requirements can result in various adverse consequences, including approval delays or refusals to approve drug licenses or other applications, suspension or termination of clinical investigations, revocation of approvals previously granted, warning letters, fines, criminal prosecution, recalls or seizures of products, injunctions against shipping drugs and total or partial suspension of production and/or refusal to allow a company to enter into governmental supply contracts.
The process of obtaining FDA approval is costly and time consuming. Current FDA requirements for a new human drug or biological product to be marketed in the United States include, among other things: (a) the successful conclusion of pre-clinical laboratory and animal tests, if appropriate, to gain preliminary information on the product’s safety; (b) filing with the FDA of an IND application to conduct human clinical trials for drugs or biologics; (c) the successful completion of adequate and well-controlled human clinical investigations to establish the safety and efficacy of the product for its recommended use; and (d) filing by a company and acceptance and approval by the FDA of a NDA for a drug product or a Biologics License Application (a “BLA”) for a biological product to allow commercial distribution of the drug or biologic. A delay in one or more of the procedural steps outlined above could be harmful to us in terms of getting our product candidates through clinical testing and to market, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
The FDA, clinical investigators, Data Safety Monitoring Boards, and IRBs review the ongoing conduct of, and emerging safety information from, clinical trials and may order the temporary or permanent discontinuation of clinical trials at any time if it believes the product candidate exposes clinical subjects to an unacceptable health risk. Investigational drugs used in clinical studies must be produced in compliance with cGMP rules pursuant to FDA regulations.
Development, approval, and sales outside the United States of products that we develop will also be subject to regulatory requirements governing human clinical trials and marketing for drugs and biological products and devices. The requirements vary widely from country to country, but typically the registration and approval process takes several years and requires significant resources.
If we experience delays or discontinuations of our clinical trials by the FDA or comparable authorities in other countries, or if we fail to obtain registration or other approvals of our products or devices then we could be forced to cease our operations and you will lose all of your investment.
Even if we are successful in developing BIV201 and bezisterim (NE3107), our product candidates, we have limited experience in conducting or supervising clinical trials that must be performed to obtain data to submit in concert with applications for approval by the FDA. The regulatory process to obtain approval for drugs for commercial sale involves numerous steps. Drugs are subjected to clinical trials that allow development of case studies to examine safety, efficacy, and other issues to ensure that sale of drugs meets the requirements set forth by various governmental agencies, including the FDA. In the event that our protocols do not meet standards set forth by the FDA, or that our data is not sufficient to allow such trials to validate our drugs in the face of such examination, we might not be able to meet the requirements that allow our drugs to be approved for sale which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
We depend upon our management and their loss or unavailability could put us at a competitive disadvantage which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We currently depend upon the efforts and abilities of our executive and senior management team of Cuong Do, our Chief Executive Officer-President; Wendy Kim, our Chief Financial Officer; Dr. Joseph Palumbo, our Executive Vice President - Chief Medical Officer; Penelope Markham, our Senior Vice President - Liver Disease and Long COVID Programs; Chris Reading, our Senior Vice President - Alzheimer’s Disease Program; Clarence Ahlem, our Senior Vice President - Operations; and David Morse, our Senior Vice President - Chief Regulatory Officer; who all serve the Company full-time. The loss or unavailability of the services of any of these individuals for any significant period of time could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations which may cause you to lose all of your investment. We have not obtained, do not own, nor are we the beneficiary of key-person life insurance.
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We may not be able to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
Our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel is critical to our operations and expansion. We face competition for these types of personnel from other pharmaceutical companies and more established organizations, many of which have significantly larger operations and greater financial, technical, human and other resources than us. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel on a timely basis, on competitive terms, or at all. If we are not successful in attracting and retaining these personnel, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.
The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapid technological developments and a high degree of competition. We may be unable to compete with enterprises equipped with more substantial resources than us, which could cause us to curtail or cease operations.
The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapid technological developments and a high degree of competition based primarily on scientific and technological factors, including the availability of patent and other protection for technology and products, the ability to commercialize technological developments and the ability to obtain government approval for testing, manufacturing and marketing.
We compete with biopharmaceutical firms in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, as well as a growing number of large pharmaceutical companies that are applying biotechnology to their operations. Many biopharmaceutical companies have focused their development efforts in the human therapeutics area. Many major pharmaceutical companies have developed or acquired internal biotechnology capabilities or made commercial arrangements with other biopharmaceutical companies. These companies, as well as academic institutions, government agencies and private research organizations, also compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific personnel and consultants. Our ability to compete successfully with other companies in the pharmaceutical field will also depend to a considerable degree on the continuing availability of capital to us.
Although there are not currently any therapies approved by the FDA specifically for the treatment of ascites due to liver cirrhosis, we still face significant competitive and market risk. Other companies, such as Ocelot Bio, are developing therapies for severe complications of advanced liver cirrhosis, which may in the future be developed for the treatment of ascites, and these therapies could compete indirectly or directly with our product candidate. Similarly, other companies, such as Biogen and Eli Lilly, are developing treatments for AD and PD, which could compete indirectly or directly with our product candidate. There may be other competitive development programs of which we are unaware. Even if our product candidates are ultimately approved by the FDA, there is no guarantee that once they are on the market doctors will adopt them in favor of current ascites treatment procedures such as diuretics and paracentesis with respect to BIV201 and AD and PD with respect to bezisterim (NE3107). These competitive and market risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations which may cause you to lose all of your investment.
Our competition will be determined in part by the potential indications for which drugs are developed and ultimately approved by regulatory authorities. Additionally, the timing of the market introduction of some of our potential product candidate or of competitors’ products may be an important competitive factor. Accordingly, the relative speed with which we can develop drugs, complete pre-clinical testing, clinical trials, approval processes and supply commercial quantities to market are important competitive factors. We expect that competition among drugs approved for sale will be based on various factors, including product efficacy, safety, reliability, availability, price and patent protection.
The successful development of biopharmaceuticals is highly uncertain. A variety of factors, including pre-clinical study results or regulatory approvals, could cause us to abandon the development of our product candidates.
There may be conflicts of interest among our officers, directors and stockholders.
Certain of our executive officers and directors and their affiliates are engaged in other activities and have interests in other entities on their own behalf or on behalf of other persons. Neither we nor any of our shareholders will have any rights in these ventures or their income or profits. In particular, our executive officers or directors or their affiliates may have an economic interest in or other business relationship with partner companies that invest in us or are engaged in competing drug development. Our executive officers or directors may have conflicting fiduciary duties to us and third parties. The terms of transactions with third parties may not be subject to arm’s length negotiations and therefore may be on terms less favorable to us than those that could be procured through arm’s length negotiations. Although we have established an audit committee comprised solely of independent directors to oversee transactions between us and our insiders, we do not have any formal policies in place to deal with such conflicting fiduciary duties should such a conflict arise.
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We indemnify our officers and directors against liability to us and our security holders, and such indemnification could increase our operating costs.
Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws require us to indemnify our officers and directors against claims associated with carrying out the duties of their offices. We are also required to advance the costs of certain legal defenses upon the indemnitee undertaking to repay such expenses to the extent it is determined that such person was not entitled to indemnification of such expenses. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to our officers, directors, or control persons, the Commission has advised that such indemnification is against public policy and is therefore unenforceable.
Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property
We may be unable to obtain or protect intellectual property rights relating to our product candidates, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
Our ability to compete effectively will depend on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technologies. We cannot assure investors that we will continue to innovate and file new patent applications, or that if filed any future patent applications will result in granted patents with respect to the technology owned by us or licensed to us. Further, we cannot predict how long it will take for such patents to issue, if at all. The patent position of pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies, including ours, is generally uncertain and involves complex legal and factual considerations and, therefore, validity and enforceability cannot be predicted with certainty. Patents may be challenged, deemed unenforceable, invalidated or circumvented.
We have seven (7) granted and six (6) pending patent applications for our liquid formulations of terlipressin that claim priority to International Patent Application Number PCT/US2020/034269 filed on May 22, 2020 and published as WO2020/237170. Also, we own two (2) U.S. patents and one (1) European patent directed to various methods of treating ascites with BIV201, and we are pursuing additional patent coverage in other jurisdictions. We also have twelve (12) issued U.S. patents, seven (7) pending U.S. applications, three (3) pending Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) applications, four (4) issued foreign patents and nine (9) pending foreign patent applications directed to protecting bezisterim (NE3107) and related compounds and methods of making and using thereof. However, there can be no assurance that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents, or that any issued patent claims from pending or future patent applications will be sufficiently broad to protect BIV201, bezisterim (NE3107), or any other product candidates or to provide us with competitive advantages.
We can provide no assurance that any issued patents will provide us with any competitive advantage. We cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art of which we and the patent examiner are unaware of or that our interpretation of the relevance of prior art is correct. If a third-party patent or patent application is determined to have an earlier priority date, it may prevent our patent applications from issuing at all or issuing in a form that provides any competitive advantage for our drug candidates. Failure to obtain additional issued patents could have a material adverse effect on our ability to develop and commercialize our drug candidates. Even if our patent applications do issue as patents, third parties may be able to challenge the validity and enforceability of our patents on a variety of grounds, including that such third party’s patents and patent applications have an earlier priority date, and if such challenges are successful, we may be required to obtain one or more licenses from such third parties, if available on commercially reasonable terms, or be prohibited from commercializing our drug candidates.
We seek to protect our proprietary positions by, among other things, filing patent applications in the United States and abroad related to our current drug candidates and other drug candidates that we may identify. Obtaining, maintaining, defending and enforcing pharmaceutical patents is costly, time-consuming and complex, and we may not be able to file and prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications, or maintain, enforce and license any patents that may issue from such patent applications, at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our R&D output before it is too late to obtain patent protection. Moreover, under certain of our license or collaboration agreements, we may not have the right to control the preparation, filing, prosecution and maintenance of patent applications, or to maintain the rights to patents licensed to or from third parties.
We currently are the assignee of a number of U.S. provisional patent applications. U.S. provisional patent applications are not eligible to become issued patents until, among other things, we file a non-provisional patent application within 12 months of filing one or more of our related provisional patent applications. With regard to such U.S. provisional patent applications, if we do not timely file any non-provisional patent applications, we may lose our priority dates with respect to our provisional patent applications and any patent protection on the inventions disclosed in our provisional patent applications. Further, in the event that we do timely file non-provisional patent applications relating to our provisional patent applications, we cannot predict whether any such patent applications will result in the issuance of patents or if such issued patents will provide us with any competitive advantage.
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As to our material inventions, trade secrets, and intellectual property, our employees, consultants, and advisors execute confidentiality agreements and agree to disclose and assign to us all inventions conceived during the workday, using our property, or which relate to our business. However, any of these parties may breach these agreements and disclose such output before a patent application is filed, thereby jeopardizing our ability to seek patent protection. Further, we may not be aware of all third-party intellectual property rights potentially relating to our drug candidates. Publications of discoveries in the scientific literature often lag behind the actual discoveries, and patent applications in the United States and other jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing or, in some cases, not at all. Therefore, we cannot know with certainty whether we were the first to make the inventions claimed in our patents or pending patent applications, or that we were the first to file for patent protection of such inventions.
The patent position of pharmaceutical companies generally is highly uncertain, involves complex legal, technological and factual questions and has, in recent years, been the subject of much debate and litigation throughout the world. In addition, the laws of foreign countries may not protect our rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, or vice versa. The standards that the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) (and foreign countries) use to grant patents are not always applied predictably or uniformly and can change. There is also no uniform, worldwide policy regarding the subject matter and scope of claims granted or allowable in pharmaceutical or biotechnology patents. Accordingly, we do not know the degree of future protection for our proprietary rights or the breadth of claims that will be allowed in any patents issued to us or to others. The issuance, scope, validity, enforceability, and commercial value of our patent rights are highly uncertain. The subject matter claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced or eliminated before the patent issues, if at all, and its scope can be reinterpreted or narrowed after issuance. Therefore, our pending and future patent applications may not result in patents being issued in relevant jurisdictions that protect our drug candidates, in whole or in part, or that effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive drug candidates, and even if our patent applications issue as patents in relevant jurisdictions, they may not issue in a form that will provide us with any meaningful protection for our drug candidates or technology, prevent competitors from competing with us or otherwise provide us with any competitive advantage. Additionally, our competitors may be able to circumvent our patents by challenging their validity or by developing similar or alternative drug candidates or technologies in a non-infringing manner.
The issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its inventorship, scope, validity or enforceability, and our patents may be challenged in the courts or patent offices in the United States and abroad. We may be subject to a third-party preissuance submission of prior art to the USPTO, or become involved in opposition, derivation, reexamination, inter partes review, post-grant review or interference proceedings challenging our patent rights or the patent rights of others, or other proceedings in the USPTO or applicable foreign offices that challenge priority of invention or other features of patentability. An adverse determination in any such submission, proceeding or litigation could result in loss of exclusivity or ability to sell our products free from infringing the patents of third parties, patent claims being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable, in whole or in part, and limitation of the scope or duration of the patents directed to our drug candidates, all of which could limit our ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical drug candidates or technology to compete directly with us, without payment to us, or result in our inability to manufacture or commercialize drug candidates or approved products (if any) without infringing third-party patent rights. In addition, if the breadth or strength of the claims of our patents and patent applications is threatened, regardless of the outcome, it could dissuade companies from collaborating with us to license, develop or commercialize current or future drug candidates, or could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise funds necessary to continue our research programs or clinical trials. Such proceedings also may result in substantial cost and require significant time from our scientists and management, even if the eventual outcome is favorable to us.
In addition, given the amount of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of new drug candidates, patents protecting such candidates might expire before or shortly after such candidates are commercialized. As a result, our patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products or technology similar or identical to ours for a meaningful amount of time, or at all. Moreover, some of our licensed patents and owned or licensed patent applications may in the future be co-owned with third parties. If we are unable to obtain exclusive licenses to any such co-owners’ interest in such patents or patent applications, such co-owners may be able to license their rights to other third parties, including our competitors, and our competitors could market competing products and technology. In addition, we may need the cooperation of any such co-owners in order to enforce such patents against third parties, and such cooperation may not be provided to us. Any of the foregoing could harm our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Further, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, know-how, technology and nondisclosure, and other contractual agreements and technical measures to protect our rights in the technology. If any trade secret, know-how or other technology not protected by a patent were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our business and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S., and we may encounter significant problems in protecting our proprietary rights in these countries.
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Our success depends in significant part on our ability to obtain, maintain, enforce and defend patents and other intellectual property rights with respect to our drug candidates and technology and to operate our business without infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of others. If we are unable to obtain and maintain sufficient intellectual property protection for our drug candidates or other drug candidates that we may identify, or if the scope of the intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors and other third parties could develop and commercialize drug candidates similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize our drug candidates and other drug candidates that we may pursue may be impaired.
Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information and disclosure of our trade secrets or proprietary information could compromise any competitive advantage that we have, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary rights to the technologies used in our product candidates. We depend heavily upon confidentiality agreements with our officers, employees, consultants and subcontractors to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology. These measures may not afford us complete or even sufficient protection, and may not afford an adequate remedy in the event of an unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. If we fail to protect and/or maintain our intellectual property, third parties may be able to compete more effectively against us, we may lose our technological or competitive advantage, and/or we may incur substantial litigation costs in our attempts to recover or restrict use of our intellectual property. In addition, others may independently develop technology similar to ours, otherwise avoiding the confidentiality agreements, or produce patents that would materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, in which event you could lose all of your investment.
We may enter into licensing and collaboration agreements with third parties. If we fail to comply with our obligations in the agreements under which we license intellectual property rights to or from third parties, or these agreements are terminated, or we otherwise experience disruptions to our business relationships with our licensors or licensees, our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be harmed.
It may be necessary for us to use the patented or proprietary technology of third parties to commercialize our products (if approved), in which case we would be required to obtain a license from these third parties. The licensing of third-party intellectual property rights is a competitive area, and more established companies may pursue strategies to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights that we may consider attractive or necessary. More established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, capital resources and greater clinical development and commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive us to be a competitor may be unwilling to assign or license rights to us. We also may be unable to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights on terms that would allow us to make an appropriate return on our investment or at all. If we are unable to license such technology, or if we are forced to license such technology on unfavorable terms, our business could be materially harmed.
We may fail to obtain any of these licenses or intellectual property rights on commercially reasonable terms. Even if we are able to obtain a license, it may be non-exclusive, thereby giving our competitors access to the same technologies licensed to us. Licenses may not provide us with exclusive rights to use the applicable intellectual property and technology in all relevant fields of use and in all territories in which we may wish to develop or commercialize our drug candidates, products (if approved) and technology in the future. In that event, we may be required to expend significant time and resources to develop or license replacement technology. If we are unable to do so, we may be unable to develop or commercialize the affected products, which could materially harm our business and the third parties owning such intellectual property rights could seek either an injunction prohibiting our sales, or, with respect to our sales, an obligation on our part to pay royalties and/or other forms of compensation. Conversely, we may not always be able to successfully pursue our claims against others that infringe upon our technology. Thus, the proprietary nature of our technology or technology licensed by us may not provide adequate protection against competitors, and we may not be able to prevent competitors from developing and commercializing competitive products or technologies.
In addition, in some circumstances, we may not have the right to control the preparation, filing and prosecution of patent applications or to maintain, defend and enforce the patents that we license to or from third parties, and we may have to rely on our partners to fulfill these responsibilities. If our current or future licensors, licensees or collaborators fail to prepare, file, prosecute, maintain, enforce, and defend licensed patents and other intellectual property rights, such rights may be reduced or eliminated, and our right to develop and commercialize any of our drug candidates or technology that are the subject of such licensed rights could be adversely affected. In addition, our licensors may own or control intellectual property that has not been licensed to us and, as a result, we may be subject to claims, regardless of their merit, that we are infringing or otherwise violating the licensor’s rights.
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If we fail to comply with our obligations, including the obligation to make various milestone payments and royalty payments, under any of the agreements under which we license intellectual property rights from third parties, the licensor may have the right to terminate the license. If any of our license agreements is terminated, the underlying licensed patents fail to provide the intended exclusivity or we otherwise experience disruptions to our business relationships with our licensors, we could lose intellectual property rights that are important to our business or be prevented from developing and commercializing our drug candidates, and competitors could have the freedom to seek regulatory approval of, and to market, products identical to ours. Termination of these agreements or reduction or elimination of our rights under these agreements may also result in our having to negotiate new or reinstated agreements with less favorable terms, cause us to lose our rights under these agreements, including our rights to important intellectual property or technology, or impede, delay or prohibit the further development or commercialization of one or more drug candidates that rely on such agreements. It is possible that we may be unable to obtain any additional licenses at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, if at all. In that event, we may be required to expend significant time and resources to redesign our drug candidates or the methods for manufacturing them or to develop or license replacement technology, all of which may not be feasible on a technical or commercial basis
Licensing of intellectual property is of critical importance to our business and involves complex legal, business and scientific issues and certain provisions in intellectual property license agreements may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. Disputes may arise between us and our licensing partners regarding intellectual property subject to a license agreement, including:
- the scope of rights granted under the license agreement and other interpretation-related issues;
- whether and the extent to which technology and processes of one party infringe intellectual property of the other party that are not subject to the licensing agreement;
- rights to sublicense patent and other rights to third parties;
- any diligence obligations with respect to the use of the licensed technology in relation to development and commercialization of our drug candidates, and what activities satisfy those diligence obligations;
- the ownership of inventions and know-how resulting from the joint creation or use of intellectual property;
- rights to transfer or assign the license; and
- the effects of termination.
The resolution of any contract interpretation disagreement that may arise could narrow what we believe to be the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology, or increase what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under the relevant agreement, either of which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. If disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed prevent or impair our ability to maintain our current licensing arrangements on acceptable terms or at all, we may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected drug candidates. Moreover, any dispute or disagreement with our licensing partners may result in the delay or termination of the research, development or commercialization of our drug candidates or any future drug candidates, and may result in costly litigation or arbitration that diverts management attention and resources away from our day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Furthermore, current and future collaborators or strategic partners may develop, either alone or with others, products in related fields that are competitive with the products or potential products that are the subject of these collaborations. Competing products, either developed by our collaborators or strategic partners or to which the collaborators or strategic partners have rights, may result in the withdrawal of partner support for our drug candidates. Any of these developments could harm our product development efforts.
In addition, if our licensors fail to abide by the terms of the license, if the licensors fail to prevent infringement by third parties or if the licensed patents or other rights are found to be invalid or unenforceable, our business, competitive position, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially harmed.
Some of our intellectual property may be subject to federal regulations such as “march-in” rights, certain reporting requirements and a preference for U.S.-based companies if it is determined that our intellectual property has been discovered through government-funded programs. Compliance with such regulations may limit our exclusive rights, and limit our ability to contract with non-U.S. manufacturers.
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Some of the intellectual property rights we have acquired or licensed or may acquire or license in the future may have been generated through the use of U.S. government funding and may therefore be subject to certain federal regulations. These U.S. government rights include a non-exclusive, non-transferable, irrevocable worldwide license to use inventions for any governmental purpose. In addition, the U.S. government has the right, under certain limited circumstances, to require us to grant exclusive, partially exclusive, or non-exclusive licenses to any of these inventions to a third party if it determines that: (i) adequate steps have not been taken to commercialize the invention; (ii) government action is necessary to meet public health or safety needs; or (iii) government action is necessary to meet requirements for public use under federal regulations (also referred to as “march-in rights”). The U.S. government also has the right to take title to these inventions if the grant recipient fails to disclose the invention to the government or fails to file an application to register the intellectual property within specified time limits. Intellectual property generated under a government funded program is also subject to certain reporting requirements, compliance with which may require us to expend substantial resources. In addition, the U.S. government requires that any products embodying any of these inventions or produced through the use of any of these inventions be manufactured substantially in the United States. This preference for U.S. industry may be waived by the federal agency that provided the funding if the owner or assignee of the intellectual property can show that reasonable but unsuccessful efforts have been made to grant licenses on similar terms to potential licensees that would be likely to manufacture substantially in the United States or that under the circumstances domestic manufacture is not commercially feasible. This preference for U.S. industry may limit our ability to contract with non-U.S. product manufacturers for products relating to such intellectual property. To the extent any of our future intellectual property is also generated through the use of U.S. government funding, the provisions of the Bayh-Dole Act may similarly apply.
Patent terms may be inadequate to establish our competitive position on our drug candidates for an adequate amount of time.
Patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, if all maintenance fees are timely paid, the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years from its earliest U.S. non-provisional filing date. Various extensions may be available, but the life of a patent, and the protection it affords, is limited. Even if patents directed to our drug candidates are obtained, once the patent life has expired for a drug candidate, we may be open to competition from competitive medications, including generic versions. Given the amount of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of new drug candidates, patents directed towards such drug candidates might expire before or shortly after such drug candidates are commercialized. As a result, our owned and licensed patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing drug candidates similar or identical to ours for a meaningful amount of time, or at all.
Depending upon the timing, duration and conditions of any FDA marketing approval of our drug candidates, one or more of our owned or licensed U.S. patents may be eligible for limited patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Act, and similar legislation in the EU and certain other countries. The Hatch-Waxman Act permits a patent term extension of up to five years for a patent covering an approved product as compensation for effective patent term lost during product development and the FDA regulatory review process. However, we may not receive an extension if we fail to exercise due diligence during the testing phase or regulatory review process, fail to apply within applicable deadlines, fail to apply prior to expiration of relevant patents or otherwise fail to satisfy applicable requirements. Moreover, the length of the extension could be less than we request. Only one patent per approved product can be extended, the extension cannot extend the total patent term beyond 14 years from approval and only those claims for the approved drug, a method for using it or a method for manufacturing it may be extended. If we are unable to obtain patent term extension or the term of any such extension is less than we request, the period during which we can enforce our patent rights for the applicable drug candidate will be shortened and our competitors may obtain approval to market competing products sooner. As a result, our revenue from applicable products could be reduced. Further, if this occurs, our competitors may take advantage of our investment in development and trials by referencing our clinical and nonclinical data and launch their product earlier than might otherwise be the case, and our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially harmed.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
Filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patents on our drug candidates in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and consequently our intellectual property rights in some countries outside the United States may be less extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the United States. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the United States, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patents to develop their own products and may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patents, but enforcement rights are not as strong as those in the United States. These products may compete with our drug candidates and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.
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Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of some countries do not favor the enforcement or protection of patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our intellectual property and proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful.
Many foreign countries, including some EU countries, India, Japan and China, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled under specified circumstances to grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against government agencies or government contractors. In those countries, we may have limited remedies if patents are infringed or if we are compelled to grant a license to a third party, which could materially diminish the value of the applicable patents and limit our potential revenue opportunities. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
In 2012, the European Patent Package, or EU Patent Package, regulations were passed with the goal of providing a single pan-European Unitary Patent and a new European Unified Patent Court (“UPC”), for litigation involving European patents. Implementation of the EU Patent Package occurred in 2023. Under the UPC, all European patents, including those issued prior to ratification of the European Patent Package, will by default automatically fall under the jurisdiction of the UPC. The UPC will provide our competitors with a new forum to centrally revoke our European patents, and allow for the possibility of a competitor to obtain pan-European injunctions. It will be several years before we will understand the scope of patent rights that will be recognized and the strength of patent remedies that will be provided by the UPC. Under the EU Patent Package as currently proposed, we will have the right to opt our patents out of the UPC over the first seven years of the court’s existence, but doing so may preclude us from realizing the benefits of the new unified court.
Changes in patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our drug candidates.
Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry is inherently uncertain, due in part to ongoing changes in the patent laws. For example, in the United States, depending on decisions by Congress, the federal courts, and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents, and interpretation thereof, could change in unpredictable ways that could weaken our and our collaborators’ or licensors’ ability to obtain new patents or to enforce existing or future patents. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. Therefore, there is increased uncertainty with regard to our and our collaborators’ or licensors’ ability to obtain patents in the future, as well as uncertainty with respect to the value of patents once obtained.
Patent reform legislation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our and our collaborators’ or licensors’ patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our or our collaborators’ or licensors’ issued patents. For example, assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, prior to March 2013, in the United States, the first to invent the claimed invention was entitled to the patent, while outside the United States, the first to file a patent application was entitled to the patent. After March 2013, under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (the “Leahy-Smith Act”), enacted in September 2011, the United States transitioned to a first inventor to file system in which, assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, the first inventor to file a patent application will be entitled to the patent on an invention regardless of whether a third party was the first to invent the claimed invention. The Leahy-Smith Act also includes a number of significant changes that affect the way patent applications are prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. These include allowing third-party submission of prior art to the USPTO during patent prosecution and additional procedures to challenge the validity of a patent by USPTO-administered post-grant proceedings, including post-grant review, inter partes review and derivation proceedings. The USPTO has developed regulations and procedures to govern administration of the Leahy-Smith Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith Act, particularly the first inventor-to-file provisions. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of our business. However, the Leahy-Smith Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our or our licensors’ patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our or our licensors’ issued patents. Similarly, statutory or judicial changes to the patent laws of other countries may increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of patent applications and the enforcement or defense of issued patents. Any of the foregoing could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful, and issued patents directed towards our technology and drug candidates could be found invalid or unenforceable if challenged.
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We are not aware that our patents directed to either BIV201 or bezisterim (NE3107), the product candidates we are currently developing, are infringed by third parties. However, there can be no assurance that our patents will not be found in the future to be infringed by others. Any patents we do obtain may be challenged by reexamination or otherwise invalidated or eventually found unenforceable. Both the patent application process and the process of managing patent disputes can be time-consuming and expensive.
Significantly, our pending patent applications cannot be enforced against third parties practicing the technology claimed in such applications unless and until a patent issues from such applications. Our ability to enforce patent rights also depends on our ability to identify infringement. It may be difficult to identify infringers who do not advertise the components or methods that are used in connection with their products and services. Moreover, it may be difficult or impossible to obtain evidence of infringement in a competitor’s or potential competitor’s product or service. Any claims we assert against perceived infringers could provoke these parties to assert counterclaims against us alleging that we infringe their patents or that our patents are invalid or unenforceable. In a patent infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours is invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, construe the patent’s claims narrowly or refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover the technology. An adverse result in any litigation proceeding could put one or more of our owned or licensed patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable or interpreted narrowly. We may find it impractical or undesirable to enforce our intellectual property against some third parties.
If we were to initiate legal proceedings against a third party to enforce a patent directed to our drug candidates, or one of our future drug candidates, the defendant could counterclaim that our patent is invalid or unenforceable. In patent litigation in the United States, defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity or unenforceability are commonplace. Grounds for a validity challenge could be an alleged failure to meet any of several statutory requirements, including lack of novelty, obviousness, non-enablement or insufficient written description. Grounds for a presentability assertion could be an allegation that someone connected with prosecution of the patent withheld material information from the USPTO or made a misleading statement during prosecution. Third parties may also raise similar claims before the USPTO or an equivalent foreign body, even outside the context of litigation. Potential proceedings include reexamination, post-grant review, inter partes review, interference proceedings, derivation proceedings and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (e.g., opposition proceedings). Such proceedings could result in the revocation of, cancellation of, or amendment to our patents in such a way that they no longer cover our technology or any drug candidates that we may develop. The outcome following legal assertions of invalidity and unenforceability is unpredictable. With respect to the validity question, for example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art of which we and the patent examiner were unaware of during prosecution. These assertions may also be based on information known to us or the USPTO. If a defendant were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity or unenforceability, we would lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patent rights directed towards the applicable drug candidates or technology related to the patent rendered invalid or unenforceable. Such a loss of patent rights would materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Interference proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by us or declared by the USPTO may be necessary to determine the priority of inventions with respect to our patents or patent applications. An unfavorable outcome could require us to cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights to it from the prevailing party. Our business could be materially harmed if the prevailing party does not offer us a license on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation.
The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. Moreover, the cost to us of any litigation or other proceeding relating to our patents and other intellectual property rights, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial, and the litigation would divert our management’s efforts. We may not have sufficient resources to bring any such action to a successful conclusion. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could limit our ability to continue our operations and you could lose all of your investment.
Some of our competitors are larger than we are and have substantially greater resources. They are, therefore, likely to be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their greater financial resources and more mature and developed intellectual property portfolios. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating our intellectual property. Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, which could harm our business. In addition, the uncertainties associated with litigation could compromise our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our clinical trials, continue our internal research programs, or in-license needed technology or other drug candidates. There could also be public announcements of the results of the hearing, motions, or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive those results to be negative, it could cause the price of shares of our Common Stock to decline. Any of the foregoing events could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
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We may not identify relevant third-party patents or may incorrectly interpret the relevance, scope or expiration of a third-party patent, which might subject us to infringement claims or adversely affect our ability to develop and market our drug candidates.
We cannot guarantee that any of our or our licensors’ patent searches or analyses, including the identification of relevant patents, the scope of patent claims or the expiration of relevant patents, are complete or thorough, nor can we be certain that we have identified each and every third-party patent and pending patent application in the United States and abroad that is relevant to or necessary for the commercialization of our drug candidates in any jurisdiction. For example, U.S. patent applications filed before November 29, 2000 and certain U.S. patent applications filed after that date that will not be filed outside the United States remain confidential until patents issue. As mentioned above, patent applications in the United States and elsewhere are published approximately 18 months after the earliest filing for which priority is claimed, with such earliest filing date being commonly referred to as the priority date. Therefore, patent applications covering our drug candidates could have been filed by third parties without our knowledge. Additionally, pending patent applications that have been published can, subject to certain limitations, be later amended in a manner that could cover our drug candidates or the use of our drug candidates. The scope of a patent claim is determined by an interpretation of the law, the written disclosure in a patent and the patent’s prosecution history. Our interpretation of the relevance or the scope of a patent or a pending application may be incorrect, which may negatively impact our ability to market our drug candidates. We may incorrectly determine that our drug candidates are not covered by a third-party patent or may incorrectly predict whether a third party’s pending application will issue with claims of relevant scope. Our determination of the expiration date of any patent in the United States or abroad that we consider relevant may be incorrect, which may negatively impact our ability to develop and market our drug candidates. Our failure to identify and correctly interpret relevant patents may negatively impact our ability to develop and market our drug candidates.
In addition, if we fail to identify and correctly interpret relevant patents, we may be subject to infringement claims. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to successfully settle or otherwise resolve such infringement claims. If we fail in any such dispute, in addition to being forced to pay damages, which may be significant, we may be temporarily or permanently prohibited from commercializing any of our drug candidates that are held to be infringing. We might, if possible, also be forced to redesign drug candidates so that they no longer infringe the third-party intellectual property rights. Any of these events, even if we were ultimately to prevail, could require us to divert substantial financial and management resources that we would otherwise be able to devote to our business and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Third parties may initiate legal proceedings alleging that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights, the outcome of which would be uncertain and could negatively impact the success of our business.
Our commercial success depends upon our ability to develop, manufacture, market and sell our drug candidates and use our proprietary technologies without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property and other proprietary rights of third parties. There is considerable intellectual property litigation in the pharmaceutical industry. We may become party to, or be threatened with, future adversarial proceedings or litigation regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our drug candidates and their manufacture and our other technology, including reexamination, interference, post-grant review, inter partes review or derivation proceedings before the USPTO or an equivalent foreign body. Numerous U.S.- and foreign-issued patents and pending patent applications owned by third parties exist in the fields in which we are developing our drug candidates. Third parties may assert infringement claims against us based on existing patents or patents that may be granted in the future, regardless of their merit.
We do not believe that either BIV201 or bezisterim (NE3107), the product candidates we are currently developing, infringe the patents of any third parties. However, there can be no assurance that our technology will not be found in the future to infringe the patents of others. Moreover, patent applications are in some cases maintained in secrecy until patents are issued. The publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature frequently occurs substantially later than the date on which the underlying discoveries were made and patent applications were filed. Because patents can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications of which we are unaware that may later result in issued patents that our products or product candidates infringe. For example, pending applications may exist that provide support or can be amended to provide support for a claim that results in an issued patent that our product infringes.
Even if we believe third-party intellectual property claims are without merit, there is no assurance that a court would find in our favor on questions of claim scope, infringement, validity, enforceability or priority. A court of competent jurisdiction could hold that third-party patents asserted against us are valid, enforceable and infringed, which could materially and adversely affect our ability to commercialize any drug candidates we may develop and any other drug candidates or technologies covered by the asserted third-party patents. In order to successfully challenge the validity of any such U.S. patent in federal court, we would need to overcome a presumption of validity. As this burden is a high one requiring us to present clear and convincing evidence as to the invalidity of any such U.S. patent claim, there is no assurance that a court of competent jurisdiction would invalidate the claims of any such U.S. patent.
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If we are found to infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate a third party’s intellectual property rights, and we are unsuccessful in demonstrating that such rights are invalid or unenforceable, we could be required to obtain a license from such a third party in order to continue developing and marketing our products and technology. However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, it could be or may become non-exclusive, thereby giving our competitors access to the same technologies licensed to us. We could be forced, including by court order, to cease commercializing the infringing technology or product. A finding of infringement could prevent us from commercializing our drug candidates or force us to cease some of our business operations. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees for willful infringement, pay royalties and other fees, redesign our infringing drug candidate or obtain one or more licenses from third parties, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could have a similar negative impact on our business. Any of the foregoing events would harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We may be subject to claims by third parties asserting that we or our employees have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated their intellectual property rights, or claiming ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property.
Many of our employees were previously employed at other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies. Although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants and advisors do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or these individuals have used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of any such individual’s former employer. We may also be subject to claims that patents and applications we have filed to protect inventions made on our behalf by our employees, consultants and advisors, even those related to one or more of our drug candidates, are rightfully owned by their former or concurrent employer. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims
If we fail in prosecuting or defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in prosecuting or defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs, delay development of our drug candidates and be a distraction to management. Any of the foregoing events would harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship of our patents and other intellectual property.
We or our licensors may be subject to claims that former employees, collaborators or other third parties have an interest (including co-ownership or ownership) in our owned or in-licensed patents, trade secrets, or other intellectual property as an inventor or co-inventor. For example, we or our licensors or collaborators may have inventorship disputes arising from conflicting obligations of employees, consultants or others who are involved in developing our drug candidates. While it is our policy to require our employees and contractors who may be involved in the development of intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who in fact develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. Our and their assignment agreements may not be self-executing or may be breached, and litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship or our or our licensors’ or collaborators’ ownership of our owned or in-licensed patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property. If we or our licensors or collaborators fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, intellectual property that is important to our drug candidates. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, these claims may create considerable distraction to management and other employees of the company. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats.
The degree of future protection, if any, afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations and may not adequately protect our business or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. For example:
- others may be able to make products that are similar to any drug candidates we may develop or utilize similar technology but that are not covered by the claims of the patents that we license or may own in the future;
- we, or our current or future licensors or collaborators, might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by the issued patent or pending patent application that we license or may own in the future;
- we, or our current or future licensors or collaborators might not have been the first to file patent applications covering certain of our or their inventions;
- others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies without infringing our owned or licensed intellectual property rights;
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- it is possible that our pending owned or licensed patent applications or those that we may own or license in the future will not lead to issued patents;
- issued patents that we hold rights to may be held invalid or unenforceable, including as a result of legal challenges by our competitors;
- our competitors might conduct R&D activities in countries where we do not have patent rights and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our major commercial markets;
- we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;
- the intellectual property rights of others may harm our business; and
- we may choose not to file a patent in order to maintain certain trade secrets or know-how, and a third party may subsequently file a patent directed to such intellectual property.
Should any of these events occur, they could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Intellectual property litigation may lead to unfavorable publicity that harms our reputation and causes the market price of shares of our Common Stock to decline.
During the course of any intellectual property litigation, there could be public announcements of the initiation of the litigation as well as results of hearings, rulings on motions, and other interim proceedings in the litigation. If securities analysts or investors regard these announcements as negative, the perceived value of our existing products, programs or intellectual property could be diminished. Accordingly, the market price of shares of our Common Stock may decline. Such announcements could also harm our reputation or the market for our future products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
Our stock price is and may continue to be volatile and you may not be able to resell our Common Stock at or above the price you paid.
The market price for our Common Stock is volatile and may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, many of which we cannot control, such as quarterly fluctuations in financial results, the timing and our ability to advance the development of our product candidates or changes in securities analysts’ recommendations could cause the price of our stock to fluctuate substantially. In addition, stock markets generally have recently experienced volatility. Our stock price is likely to experience significant volatility in the future. The price of our Common Stock may decline and the value of any investment in our Common Stock may be reduced regardless of our performance. Further, the daily trading volume of our Common Stock has historically been relatively low. As a result of the historically low volume, our shareholders may be unable to sell significant quantities of Common Stock in the public trading markets without a significant reduction in the price of our shares of Common Stock. Each of these factors, among others, could harm your investment in our Common Stock and could result in your being unable to resell the shares of our Common Stock that you purchase at a price equal to or above the price you paid.
In the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against the issuer. If any of our stockholders were to bring such a lawsuit against us (in addition to the already-filed, consolidated Securities Class Action described above), we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit and the attention of our management would be diverted from the operation of our business.
You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings or if we issue shares subject to options, warrants, stock awards or other arrangements.
In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our Common Stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Common Stock in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the current market price of our securities, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders.
As of July 28, 2026 there were warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 8,282,037 shares (including 380,000 pre-funded warrants) of our Common Stock at exercise prices ranging from $2.50 to $582.00 per share, 2,785,363 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at exercise prices ranging from $1.31 to $774.00 per share and restricted stock units totaling 300. We may also grant additional options, warrants or equity awards. To the extent such shares are issued, the interest of holders of our Common Stock will be diluted.
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Moreover, we are obligated to issue shares of our Common Stock upon achievement of certain clinical, regulatory and commercial milestones with respect to certain of our drug candidates (i.e., bezisterim (NE3107), NE3291, NE3413, and NE3789) pursuant to the asset purchase agreement, dated April 27, 2021, by and among the Company, NeurMedix and Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC (“Acuitas”), as amended on May 9, 2021. The achievement of these milestones could result in the issuance of up to 180,000 shares of our Common Stock, further diluting the interest of holders of our Common Stock.
We may, in the future, issue additional shares of Common Stock, which would reduce investors’ percent of ownership and may dilute our share value.
As of July 28, 2026, our Articles of Incorporation, as amended, authorize the issuance of 800,000,000 shares of Common Stock, and we had 7,545,474 shares of our Common Stock issued and 7,542,638 shares of our Common Stock issued and outstanding. Accordingly, we may issue up to an additional 792,454,526 shares of Common Stock. The future issuance of Common Stock may result in substantial dilution in the percentage of our Common Stock held by our then existing stockholders. We may value any Common Stock in the future on an arbitrary basis. The issuance of Common Stock for future services or acquisitions or other corporate actions may have the effect of diluting the value of the shares held by our investors, might have an adverse effect on any trading market for our Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital in the future through the sale of equity securities.
The market price and trading volume of our Common Stock may be volatile.
The market price and trading volume of our Common Stock has been volatile. We expect that the market price of our Common Stock will continue to fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including in response to the risk factors described in this prospectus or for reasons unrelated to our specific performance. In recent years, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has affected the market prices of securities issued by many companies for reasons unrelated to their operating performance and may adversely affect the market price and trading volume of our Common Stock. Prices for our Common Stock may also be influenced by the depth and liquidity of the market for our Common Stock, investor perceptions about us and our business, our future financial results, the absence of cash dividends on our Common Stock and general economic and market conditions. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and could divert our management and other resources.
Any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could harm us.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Under standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), a deficiency in internal control over financial reporting exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or personnel, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. The PCAOB defines a material weakness as a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected, on a timely basis.
If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or when required in the future, if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our Common Stock could be adversely affected and we could become subject to litigation or investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the Commission or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
There is a limited trading market for our Common Stock, which could make it difficult to liquidate an investment in our Common Stock, in a timely manner.
Our Common Stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Because there is a limited public market for our Common Stock, investors may not be able to liquidate their investment whenever desired. We cannot assure that there will be an active trading market for our Common Stock and the lack of an active public trading market could mean that investors may be exposed to increased risk. In addition, if we failed to meet the criteria set forth in the regulations of the Commission, various requirements would be imposed by law on broker dealers who sell our securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. Consequently, such regulations may deter broker-dealers from recommending or selling our Common Stock, which may further affect its liquidity.
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The lack of public company experience of our management team could adversely impact our ability to comply with the reporting requirements of U.S. securities laws, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
Our officers have limited public company experience, which could impair our ability to comply with legal and regulatory requirements such as those imposed by Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Such responsibilities include complying with federal securities laws and making required disclosures on a timely basis. Any such deficiencies, weaknesses or lack of compliance could have a materially adverse effect on our ability to comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which is necessary to maintain our public company status. If we were to fail to fulfill those obligations, our ability to continue as a U.S. public company would be in jeopardy in which event you could lose your entire investment in the Company.
We are considered a smaller reporting company that is exempt from certain disclosure requirements, which could make our stock less attractive to potential investors.
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act defines a “smaller reporting company” as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that:
- Had a public float of less than $250 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed fiscal quarter, computed by multiplying the aggregate number of worldwide number of shares of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates by the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of common equity, in the principal market for the common equity; or
- In the case of an initial registration statement under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act for shares of its common equity, had a public float of less than $250 million as of a date within 30 days of the date of the filing of the registration statement, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of such shares held by non-affiliates before the registration plus, in the case of a Securities Act registration statement, the number of such shares included in the registration statement by the estimated public offering price of the shares; or
- In the case of an issuer who had annual revenue of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available, had a public float as calculated under paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition that was either zero or less than $700 million.
As a “smaller reporting company” we are not required and may not include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis section in our proxy statements; we provide only 3 years of business development information; and have other “scaled” disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not “smaller reporting companies” which could make our stock less attractive to potential investors, which could make it more difficult for you to sell your shares.
We are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which require us to incur audit fees and legal fees in connection with the preparation of such reports. These additional costs will negatively affect our ability to earn a profit.
We are required to file periodic reports with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. In order to comply with such requirements, our independent registered auditors have to review our financial statements on a quarterly basis and audit our financial statements on an annual basis. Moreover, our legal counsel has to review and assist in the preparation of such reports. Factors such as the number and type of transactions that we engage in and the complexity of our reports cannot accurately be determined at this time and may have a major negative effect on the cost and amount of time to be spent by our auditors and attorneys. However, the incurrence of such costs is an expense to our operations and thus has a negative effect on our ability to meet our overhead requirements and earn a profit.
Because we do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our Common Stock, our stockholders will not be able to receive a return on their shares unless they sell them.
We intend to retain any future earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Unless we pay dividends, our stockholders will not be able to receive a return on their shares unless they sell them. There is no assurance that stockholders will be able to sell shares when desired.
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We are authorized to issue “blank check” preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could adversely impact the rights of holders of our securities.
Our Articles of Incorporation authorize us to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock. Any preferred stock that we issue in the future may rank ahead of our Common Stock in terms of dividend priority or liquidation premiums and may have greater voting rights than our Common Stock. Any preferred stock issued may contain provisions allowing those shares to be converted into shares of Common Stock, which could dilute the value of our Common Stock to current stockholders and could adversely affect the market price, if any, of our Common Stock. The preferred stock could be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying, or preventing a change in control of our company. Although we have no present intention to issue any shares of our authorized preferred stock, there can be no assurance that we will not do so in the future.
Provisions in our Articles of Incorporation, our Bylaws, and Nevada law might discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the trading price of our Common Stock.
Provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, our Bylaws, and Nevada law may have the effect of deterring unsolicited takeovers or delaying or preventing a change in control of our company or changes in our management, including transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices. In addition, these provisions may limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests. These provisions include:
- the inability of stockholders to call special meetings;
- the “business combinations” and “control share acquisitions” provisions of Nevada law, to the extent applicable, could discourage attempts to acquire our stockholders stock even on terms above the prevailing market price; and
- the ability of our board of directors to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could include the right to approve an acquisition or other change in our control or could be used to institute a rights plan, also known as a poison pill, that would dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer, likely preventing acquisitions that have not been approved by our board of directors.
The existence of the foregoing provisions and anti-takeover measures could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our Common Stock. They could also deter potential acquirers of our company, thereby reducing the likelihood that you could receive a premium for your Common Stock in an acquisition.
Risks Relating to this Offering
You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of our Common Stock you purchase in this offering.
The public offering price per Share in this offering may exceed the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Common Stock outstanding prior to this offering. After giving effect to the sale by us of the Shares at an assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share (the last reported sales price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026), and after placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us and assuming full exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants, you will experience immediate dilution of $(0.004) per share, representing the difference between our as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2026 after giving effect to this offering and the assumed public offering price. The exercise of outstanding warrants and stock options may also result in further dilution of your investment. See the section entitled “Dilution” on page 38 for a more detailed illustration of the dilution you may incur if you participate in this offering.
Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering, may invest or spend the proceeds raised in this offering in ways with which you may not agree and the proceeds may not yield a significant return.
Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from this offering. We currently intend to use the net proceeds of this offering as described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.” However, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Accordingly, you are relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds will be used appropriately. The failure by management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, cause the price of our Common Stock to decline, and delay the development of our product candidates. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, interest-bearing instruments. These investments may not yield a favorable return, or any return, to us or our stockholders.
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This is a best efforts offering, no minimum number of securities is required to be sold, and we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our business plans.
The placement agent has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the Shares and the Pre-funded Warrants in this offering. The placement agent has no obligation to buy any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the securities. There is no required minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds that must be sold as a condition to completion of this offering. Because there is no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, placement agent fees and proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth above. We may sell fewer than all of the securities offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a refund in the event that we do not sell all of the securities offered in this offering. Thus, we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our operations in the short term and may need to raise additional funds, which may not be available or available on terms acceptable to us.
Nasdaq may seek to delist our Common Stock if it concludes this offering does not qualify as a public offering as defined under Nasdaq’s stockholder approval rule.
The continued listing of our Common Stock on Nasdaq depends on our compliance with the requirements for continued listing under the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules, including, but not limited to, Market Place Rule 5635, or the stockholder approval rule. The stockholder approval rule prohibits the issuance of shares of our Common Stock (or derivatives) in excess of 20% of our outstanding shares of our Common Stock without stockholder approval, unless those shares are sold at a price that equals or exceeds the “minimum price”, as defined in the stockholder approval rule, or in what Nasdaq deems a “public offering” as defined in the stockholder approval rule (a “Public Offering”). The securities sold in this offering may be sold at a significant discount to the “minimum price” as defined in the stockholder approval rule, and we do not intend to obtain the approval of our stockholders for the issuance of the securities in this offering. Accordingly, we have sought to conduct, and plan to continue to conduct, this offering as a Public Offering as defined in the stockholder approval rule, which is a qualitative analysis based on several factors as determined by Nasdaq, including by broadly marketing and offering these securities on a best efforts basis and registering such securities under the Securities Act. Demand for the securities sold by us in this offering, and the actual public offering price for these securities, will be determined following a broad public marketing effort over several trading days, and final distribution of these securities will ultimately be determined by the placement agent. Nasdaq has also published guidance that an offering of securities that are “deeply discounted” to the “minimum price” (for example a discount of 50% or more) will typically preclude a determination that this offering qualifies as a Public Offering for purposes of the stockholder approval rule. We cannot assure you that Nasdaq will determine that this offering will be deemed a Public Offering under the stockholder approval rule. If Nasdaq determines that this offering was not conducted in compliance with the stockholder approval rule, Nasdaq may cite a deficiency and move to delist our securities from Nasdaq. Upon a delisting from Nasdaq, our stock would likely be traded in the over-the-counter inter-dealer quotation system, more commonly known as the “OTC.” OTC transactions involve risks in addition to those associated with transactions in securities traded on the securities exchanges, such as Nasdaq, or, together, Exchange-listed stocks. Many OTC stocks trade less frequently and in smaller volumes than exchange-listed stocks. Accordingly, our stock would be less liquid than it would be otherwise. Also, the prices of OTC stocks are often more volatile than Exchange-listed stocks. Additionally, institutional investors are usually prohibited from investing in OTC stocks, and it might be more challenging to raise capital when needed.
There is no established public trading market for the Pre-funded Warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop for the Pre-funded Warrants.
There is no established public trading market for the Pre-funded Warrants being offered and sold in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the Pre-funded Warrants on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Pre-funded Warrants will be limited. Further, the existence of the Pre-funded Warrants may act to reduce both the trading volume and the trading price of our Common Stock.
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The Pre-funded Warrants are speculative in nature.
Except as otherwise provided in the Pre-funded Warrants, until holders of Pre-funded Warrants acquire our Common Stock upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants, holders of Pre-funded Warrants will have no rights with respect to our Common Stock underlying such Pre-funded Warrants. Upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants, the holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of a stockholder of our Common Stock only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.
Moreover, following this offering, the market value of the Pre-funded Warrants is uncertain. There can be no assurance that the market price of our Common Stock will ever equal or exceed the price of the Pre-funded Warrants, and, consequently, whether it will ever be profitable for investors to exercise their Pre-funded Warrants.
We will not receive any meaningful additional funds upon the exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants.
Each Pre-funded Warrant will be exercisable until it is fully exercised and by means of payment of the nominal cash purchase price upon exercise or through a “cashless exercise” procedure. Accordingly, we will not receive any meaningful additional funds upon the exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants.
If we do not maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants, holders will only be able to exercise such Pre-funded Warrants on a “cashless basis.”
If we do not maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the shares of our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants at the time that holders wish to exercise such Pre-funded Warrants, they will only be able to exercise them on a “cashless basis,” and under no circumstances would we be required to make any cash payments or net cash settle such warrants to the holders. As a result, the number of shares of our Common Stock that holders will receive upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants will be fewer than it would have been had such holders exercised their Pre-funded Warrants for cash. If we are unable to maintain a current and effective prospectus, the potential “upside” of the holder’s investment in our company may be reduced.
Significant holders or beneficial holders of shares of our Common Stock may not be permitted to exercise the Pre-funded Warrants that they hold.
A holder of the Pre-funded Warrants will not be entitled to exercise any portion of any Pre-funded Warrant that, upon giving effect to such exercise, would cause: (i) the aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by such holder (together with its affiliates) to exceed 9.99% of the number of shares of our Common Stock immediately after giving effect to the exercise; or (ii) the combined voting power of our securities beneficially owned by such holder (together with its affiliates) to exceed 9.99% of the combined voting power of all of our securities outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Pre-funded Warrants. As a result, you may not be able to exercise your Pre-funded Warrants for shares of our Common Stock at a time when it would be financially beneficial for you to do so. In such a circumstance, you could seek to sell your Pre-funded Warrants to realize value, but you may be unable to do so in the absence of an established trading market and due to applicable transfer restrictions.
Since the Pre-funded Warrants are executory contracts, they may have no value in a bankruptcy or reorganization proceeding.
In the event a bankruptcy or reorganization proceeding is commenced by or against us, a bankruptcy court may hold that any unexercised Pre-funded Warrants are executory contracts that are subject to rejection by us with the approval of the bankruptcy court. As a result, holders of the Pre-funded Warrants may, even if we have sufficient funds, not be entitled to receive any consideration for their Pre-funded Warrants or may receive an amount less than they would be entitled to if they had exercised their Pre-funded Warrants prior to the commencement of any such bankruptcy or reorganization proceeding.
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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This prospectus contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements concern our anticipated results and progress of our operations in future periods, planned exploration and, if warranted, development of our properties, plans related to our business and other matters that may occur in the future. These statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable and assumptions of management. All statements contained herein that are not clearly historical in nature are forward-looking, and the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “leading,” “intend,” “contemplate,” “shall” and similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause actual events or results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The sections in this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors,” “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as other sections in this prospectus, discuss some of the factors that could contribute to these differences. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to:
| - | our limited operating history and experience in developing and manufacturing drugs; |
| - | none of our products are approved for commercial sale; |
| - | our substantial capital needs; |
| - | product development risks; |
| - | our lack of sales and marketing personnel; |
| - | regulatory, competitive and contractual risks; |
| - | no assurance that our product candidates will obtain regulatory approval or that the results of clinical studies will be favorable; |
| - | risks related to our intellectual property rights; |
| - | the volatility of the market price and trading volume in our Common Stock; |
| - | the risk that our Common Stock will be delisted from Nasdaq; |
| - | the absence of liquidity in our Common Stock; |
| - | the risk of substantial dilution from future issuances of our equity securities; and |
| - | the other risks set forth herein under the caption “Risk Factors.” |
The foregoing does not represent an exhaustive list of matters that may be covered by the forward-looking statements contained herein or risk factors that we are faced with. The factors set forth above under “Risk Factors” and other cautionary statements made in this prospectus should be read and understood as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this prospectus. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus represent our judgment as of the date of this prospectus. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on such statements. You should read this prospectus and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained above and throughout this prospectus.
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Use of Proceeds
We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $70.0 million, based on an assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share (the last reported sales price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026) after deducting estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. However, this is a best efforts offering with no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds as a condition to closing, and we may not sell all or any of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus; as a result, we may receive significantly less in net proceeds.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. This may include, but is not limited to, capital expenditures, R&D expenditures and acquisitions of new technologies or businesses.
A $0.50 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share, which was the closing price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds from this offering by approximately $28.2 million, assuming that the number of Shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. An increase (decrease) of 5,000,000 Shares in the number of Shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds from this offering by approximately $6.3 million assuming no change in the assumed public offering price per Share and after deducting estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us.
Although we have identified some potential uses of the net proceeds to be received from this offering, we cannot specify these uses with certainty. The allocations of the proceeds of this offering presented above constitute the current estimates of our management and are based on our current plans, assumptions made with respect to the industry in which we currently or, in the future, expect to operate, general economic conditions and our future revenue and expenditure estimates. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Our stockholders may not agree with the manner in which our management chooses to allocate and spend the net proceeds. Moreover, our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not positively impact our results of operations or increase the market value of our securities.
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Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid dividends on our Common Stock and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of cash dividends, if any, in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on applicable law and then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of March 31, 2026 as follows:
| · | on an actual basis; and |
| · | on an as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance by us in this offering of 56,390,977 Shares at an assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share (the last reported sales price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026) after deducting estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. |
You should read this table together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as our financial statements and related notes and the other financial information included herein.
| Actual | As adjusted | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 13,098,976 | 83,098,876 | |||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 1,907,029 | 1,907,029 | |||||
| Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding | - | - | ||||||
| Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2026; 7,544,675 shares issued of which 7,541,839 shares are outstanding at March 31, 2026 | 754 | 6,393 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 384,221,988 | 454,216,249 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (368,615,121 | ) | (368,615,121) | |||||
| Treasury stock | (29 | ) | (29) | |||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 15,607,592 | 85,607,492 | |||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 17,514,621 | 87,514,521 | |||||
The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will be based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. The number of shares of our Common Stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 7,541,839 shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of March 31, 2026, and excludes:
| · | 2,785,363 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $7.62 per share; |
| · | 8,282,037 shares (including 380,000 pre-funded warrants) of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $5.56 per share; and |
| · | 1,099 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units issued under our equity incentive plan. |
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Dilution
If you invest in shares of our Common Stock in this offering, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the assumed public offering price per share of Common Stock and the net tangible book value per share of Common Stock immediately after this offering.
The net tangible book value of our Common Stock as of March 31, 2026 was approximately $15.3 million, or approximately $2.02 per share. The net tangible book value per share of our Common Stock represents our total tangible assets (total assets less intangible assets) less total liabilities divided by the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of that date.
After giving effect to the issuance by us in this offering of 56,390,977 Shares at an assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share (the last reported sales price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026) after deducting estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2026 would have been approximately $85.3 million, or approximately $1.33 per share. This represents an immediate decrease in net tangible book value of approximately $0.69 per share to our existing stockholders, and an immediate dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value of approximately $(0.004) per share to new investors purchasing Shares in this offering. Dilution per share to new investors is determined by subtracting as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2026 after giving effect to this offering from the public offering price per Share paid by new investors.
The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
| Assumed public offering price per Share | $ | 1.33 | ||||||
| Historical net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2026 | $ | 2.02 | ||||||
| Decrease in as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering | $ | 0.69 | ||||||
| As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2026 after giving effect to this offering | $ | 1.33 | ||||||
| Dilution per share to new investors in this offering | $ | 0.004 |
A $0.50 increase in the assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share, which was the closing price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026, would decrease our as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering to approximately $0.25 per Share and would increase the dilution to new investors purchasing Shares in this offering to approximately $0.44 per Share, assuming that the number of Shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses. A $0.50 decrease in the assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share, which was the closing price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026, would decrease our as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering to approximately $1.13 per Share and would decrease the dilution to new investors purchasing Shares in this offering to approximately $0.44 per Share, assuming that the number of Shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses.
The number of shares of our Common Stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 7,541,839 shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of March 31, 2026, and excludes:
| · | 2,785,363 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $7.62 per share; |
| · | 8,282,037 shares (including 380,000 pre-funded warrants) of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $5.56 per share; and |
| · | 1,099 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units issued under our equity incentive plan. |
To the extent that outstanding exercisable options or warrants are exercised, you may experience further dilution.
In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities or convertible debt, your ownership will be further diluted.
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SECURITIES MARKET INFORMATION
Market Information
Our shares of Common Stock are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “BIVI.” On July 28, 2026, the last reported sales price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq was $1.33 per share.
Holders
As of July 28, 2026, there were 70 holders of record of our Common Stock.
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BUSINESS
Overview of the Company
We are a clinical-stage company developing innovative drug therapies for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and advanced liver disease.
Neurodegenerative Disease Programs
The Company acquired the biopharmaceutical assets of NeurMedix, a privately held clinical-stage pharmaceutical company and a related party in June 2021. The acquired assets included bezisterim. Bezisterim, the approved generic name for NE3107 is an investigational, novel, orally administered small molecule that is thought to inhibit inflammation-driven insulin resistance and major pathological inflammatory cascades with a novel mechanism of action. There is emerging scientific consensus that both inflammation and insulin resistance may play fundamental roles in the development of AD and PD, and bezisterim could, if approved by the FDA, represent an entirely new medical approach to treating these devastating conditions affecting an estimated 6 million Americans suffering from AD, 1 million Americans suffering from PD, and approximately 20 million adults in the US suffering from Long COVID, with millions more affected worldwide.
With respect to the mechanism of action, we believe bezisterim inhibits activation of inflammatory ERK and NFκB (including interactions with TNF signaling and other relevant inflammatory pathways) that lead to neuroinflammation and insulin resistance. By binding to ERK and selectively modulating NFκB activation and TNF-α production without interfering with their homeostatic functions (e.g., insulin signaling and neuron growth and survival), we believe that bezisterim may offer clinical improvements in several disease indications, including PD, AD and long COVID.
Chronic neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress are common features in the major neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, PD, frontotemporal lobar dementia, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Bezisterim (NE3107) is an investigational oral small molecule, blood-brain permeable, compound with potential anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitizing, and ERK-binding properties that may allow it to selectively inhibit ERK-, NFκB- and TNF-stimulated inflammation. Bezisterim’s (NE3107) potential to inhibit neuroinflammation and insulin resistance forms the basis for the Company’s work testing the molecule in AD, PD, and long COVID patients. Bezisterim (NE3107) is patented in the United States, Australia, Canada, Europe and South Korea.
Parkinson’s Disease
PD is driven in large part by neuroinflammation and activation of brain microglia, leading to increased proinflammatory cytokines (particularly TNF). Multiple daily administrations of levodopa (converted to dopamine in the brain) is the current standard of care treatment for this movement disorder. However, levodopa effectiveness diminishes over time necessitating increased dosage and prolonged daily administration leads to side effects of uncontrolled movements called levodopa-induced dyskinesia, commonly referred to as LID, which is exacerbated by high dose levodopa. Although levodopa provides symptomatic benefit, it does not slow PD progression.
The Company is conducting a Phase 2b clinical trial of bezisterim as a potential first-line therapy for patients with newly diagnosed PD. The trial is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bezisterim on motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with PD who have not been treated with carbidopa/levodopa. The Phase 2b study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a hybrid decentralized design, and is expected to span approximately 20 weeks from initial screening through safety follow-up for each participant. The trial commenced in April 2025 and completed enrollment of 60 patients in December 2025. The Company currently expects to report topline results from the trial late summer 2026, although the timing of results is subject to change and there can be no assurance that the trial will yield favorable results or support further development.
The Phase 2 study of bezisterim (NE3107) for the treatment of PD (NCT05083260) that we completed in December 2022, was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics study in PD participants treated with carbidopa/levodopa and bezisterim (NE3107). Forty-five patients with a defined L-dopa “off state” were randomized 1:1 to placebo: bezisterim (NE3107) 20 mg twice daily for 28 days. This trial was launched with two design objectives: 1) the primary objective was safety and a drug-drug interaction study as requested by the FDA to measure the potential for adverse interactions of bezisterim (NE3107) with carbidopa/ levodopa; and 2) the secondary objective was to determine if preclinical indications of promotoric activity and apparent enhancement of levodopa activity could be seen in humans. Both objectives were met.
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Long COVID Program
Long COVID is a condition in which symptoms of COVID-19, the acute respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, persist for an extended period, generally three months or more. Common symptoms include lingering loss of smell and taste, extreme fatigue, and “brain fog,” though persistent cardiovascular and respiratory problems, muscle weakness, and neurologic issues have also been documented.
In April 2024, the Company was awarded a clinical trial grant of $13.1 million from the DOW, awarded through the Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs. In August 2024, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, OHRO approved the Company’s plan to evaluate bezisterim for the treatment of neurological symptoms that are associated with long COVID and the FDA authorized our IND application for bezisterim allowing the Company to study a novel, anti-inflammatory approach for the treatment of the debilitating neurocognitive symptoms associated with long COVID. The Phase 2 ADDRESS-LC study is a randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of bezisterim in adult participants with long COVID who have cognitive impairment sequelae and fatigue. The trial commenced in May 2025 and completed enrollment in May 2026. The Company currently expects to report topline results in late summer 2026.
Alzheimer’s Disease
In AD, BioVie has conducted both Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials. Preliminary data from these trials suggest improvements in cognition and biomarkers, supporting further trials to evaluate its potential as a therapy for the six million Americans living with AD.
Results of a Phase 2 investigator-initiated trial (NCT05227820) showing bezisterimtreated patients experienced improved cognition and biomarker levels were presented at the Clinical Trials on Alzheimer’s Disease (CTAD) annual conference in December 2022.
On November 29, 2023, the Company announced the analysis of its unblinded, topline efficacy data from its Phase 3 clinical trial (NCT04669028) of bezisterim in the treatment of mild to moderate AD. The study had co-primary endpoints measuring cognitive impairment using the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Scale (ADAS-Cog 12) and function using the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). Patients were randomly assigned, 1:1 versus placebo, to receive sequentially 5 mg of bezisterim orally twice a day for 14 days, then 10 mg orally twice a day for 14 days, followed by 26 weeks of 20 mg orally twice daily.
Upon trial completion, as the Company began the process of unblinding the trial data, the Company found significant deviation from protocol and cGCP violations at 15 study sites (virtually all of which were from one geographic area). This highly unusual level of suspected improprieties led the Company to exclude all patients from these sites and to refer the sites to the OSI for potential further action. After the patient exclusions, 81 patients remained in the Modified Intent to Treat population, 57 of whom were in the Per-Protocol population which included those who completed the trial and were verified to take study drug from pharmacokinetic data.
The trial was originally designed to be 80% powered with 125 patients in each of the treatment and placebo arms. The unplanned exclusion of so many patients left the trial underpowered for the primary endpoints. In the Per-Protocol population, which included those patients who completed the trial and who were further verified to have taken the study drug (based on pharmacokinetic data), an observed descriptive change from baseline appeared to suggest a slowing of cognitive decline; these same patients experienced an advantage in age deceleration vs. placebo as measured by DNA epigenetic changes. Age deceleration is used by longevity researchers to measure the difference between the patient’s biological age, in this case as measured by the Horvath DNA methylation Skin Blood Clock, relative to the patient’s actual chronological age. This test was a non-primary/secondary endpoint, other-outcome measure, done via blood collected at week 30 (end of study). Additional DNA methylation data continues to be collected and analyzed.
Liver Cirrhosis Program
In liver disease, our investigational drug candidate BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) was granted both FDA Fast Track status and FDA Orphan Drug designation for ascites (due to all etiologies except cancer), which is the most common complication related to liver cirrhosis and represents a significant unmet medical need. BIV201 is being evaluated as a treatment option for patients suffering from life-threatening complications of liver cirrhosis and ascites due to hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholism. U.S. treatment costs for liver cirrhosis, including ascites and other complications, are estimated at more than $5 billion annually and have an estimated 50% mortality rate within 6 to 12 months. The FDA has never approved any drug specifically for treating ascites.
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After receiving guidance from the FDA regarding the design of Phase 3 clinical testing of BIV201 for the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites, the Company is currently finalizing the protocol design for the Phase 3 study of BIV201 with a focus on demonstrating clinical benefit through a composite primary endpoint of complications and disease progression in patients with cirrhosis and ascites who have recently recovered from AKI. Ascites is a common complication of advanced liver cirrhosis involving the accumulation of large volumes of fluid in the abdomen, often exceeding five liters, due to liver and kidney dysfunction. BIV201 is administered in a continuous infusion of terlipressin as a patent-pending liquid formulation with patents issued in the U.S., China, Japan, Chile, Australia, Mexico and India to date. Terlipressin is used in over 40 countries to treat complications of liver cirrhosis, including Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome and bleeding esophageal varices, and was approved in the U.S. in 2022 to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome experiencing a rapid reduction in kidney function; it is not currently approved in Japan.
In June 2021, BioVie initiated a Phase 2 study (NCT04112199) designed to evaluate the efficacy of BIV201 (terlipressin, administered by continuous infusion for two 28-day treatment cycles) combined with standard-of-care (“SOC”), compared to SOC alone, for the treatment of refractory ascites. The primary endpoints of the study were the incidence of ascites-related complications and change in ascites fluid accumulation during treatment compared to a pre-treatment period. By October 12, 2022, there were 15 patients enrolled for treatment and the last patient completed treatment on May 8, 2023. In March 2023, enrollment was paused and that data from the first 15 patients treated with BIV201 plus SOC appeared to show at least a 30% reduction in ascites fluid during the 28 days after treatment initiation compared to the 28 days prior to treatment. The change in ascites volume was significantly different from those patients receiving SOC treatment. Patients who completed the treatment with BIV201 experienced a 53% reduction in ascites fluid, which was sustained (43% reduction) during the three months after treatment initiation as compared to the three-month pre-treatment period. In June 2023 and December 2024, BioVie received guidance from the FDA regarding the design and endpoints for definitive Phase 3 clinical testing of BIV201.
Our proprietary novel liquid formulation of terlipressin is designed to improve convenience for outpatient administration and avoid potential formulation errors when pharmacists reconstitute the current powder version of terlipressin. To date, analytical testing results have confirmed room temperature stability of the prefilled syringe in storage for up to two years. Room temperature storage presents a key product differentiation versus terlipressin products in countries where the drug is approved. To the best of the Company’s knowledge, all other terlipressin products sold globally must be stored under refrigeration and there is no prefilled syringe format of terlipressin available for treating patients in these countries. BioVie has also filed a PCT application covering our novel liquid formulations of terlipressin (international patent application PCT/US2020/034269, published as WO2020/237170) and to date patents have been granted in the U.S. (Patent No. 12,156,898), India (Patent No. 540813), Chile (Patent No. 68965), China (Patent No. ZL 202080050758.X), Australia (Patent No. 2020279395), Mexico (Patent No. 432332) and Japan (Patent No. 7579811).
We believe BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) has the potential to benefit thousands of patients suffering from life-threatening complications of liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholism. The FDA has granted Fast-Track status and Orphan Drug designation for ascites (due to all etiologies except cancer), which is the most common complication related to liver cirrhosis and represents a significant unmet medical need. Patients with cirrhosis and ascites account for an estimated 116,000 U.S. hospital discharges annually, with frequent early readmissions. In an analysis of the 2018 HCUP Nationwide Readmissions Database, patients hospitalized with cirrhosis, ascites, and paracentesis had an average length of stay of 8.0 days and average hospital charges of $89,136 per admission. This translates into a total potentially addressable ascites market size for BIV201 therapy exceeding $650 million based on Company estimates. The FDA has never approved any drug specifically for treating ascites. After receiving guidance from the FDA in 2023 and again in 2025, the Company is currently finalizing the protocol design for a Phase 3 study of BIV201 with a focus on demonstrating clinical benefit through a composite primary endpoint of complications and disease progression in patients with cirrhosis and ascites who have recently recovered from AKI.
The BIV201 development program was initiated by LAT Pharma LLC. On April 11, 2016, BioVie acquired LAT Pharma LLC and the rights to its BIV201 development program and currently owns all development and marketing rights to this drug candidate. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger entered into on April 11, 2016, between predecessor entities, LAT Pharma LLC and NanoAntibiotics, Inc., BioVie is obligated to pay a low single digit royalty on net sales of BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) to be shared among LAT Pharma Members, PharmaIn Corporation, and The Barrett Edge, Inc.
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Intellectual Property
BIV201
BioVie relies on a combination of patent, trade secret, other intellectual property laws (such as FDA data exclusivity), nondisclosure agreements, and other measures to protect our proposed products with layered strategy. We require our employees, consultants, and advisors to execute confidentiality agreements and to agree to disclose and assign to us all inventions conceived during the workday, using our property, or which relate to our business. Despite any measures taken to protect our intellectual property (IP), unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary.
Neither we nor any other company has composition of matter patent protection for terlipressin since, as a chemical compound, it is in the public domain and no longer under a patent. We filed a PCT application covering our novel liquid formulations of terlipressin (international patent application PCT/US2020/034269, published as WO2020/237170) and are seeking patent protection in the U.S., Europe, China, Japan and other jurisdictions. To date patents have been granted in the U.S. (Patent No. 12,156,898), India (Patent No. 540813), Chile (Patent No. 68965), China (Patent No. ZL 202080050758.X), Japan (Patent No. 7579811), Australia (Patent No. 2020279395) and Mexico (Patent No. 432332). Also, we own U.S. Patent Nos. 11,364,277 and 12,685,756, and European Patent No. EP3347032, which are directed to various methods of treating ascites with BIV201, and we are pursuing additional patent coverage in the U.S., Japan, Europe, China and others. The patents and pending patent applications and their projected expiration dates are provided below.
| Patent Family | Country | Application Number | Status / Patent Number |
Expiration Date | Expected Expiration Date | |||||
| Formulation | Australia | 2020279395 | 2020279395 | 5/22/2040 | ||||||
| Brazil | BR112021023274-5 | Published | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| Canada | 3,141,488 | Pending | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| Chile | 202103065 | 68965 | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| China | 202080050758.X | ZL 202080050758.X | 5/21/2040 | |||||||
| European Patent | 20809710.5 | Published | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| Hong Kong | 62022061386.8 | Published | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| India | 202117054216 | 540813 | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| Japan | 2021-569344 | 7579811 | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| Korea, Republic of (KR) | 10-2021-7041832 | Pending | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| Mexico | MX/a/2021/014310 | 432332 | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| United States of America | 17/611,478 | 12,156,898 | 4/22/2041 | |||||||
| United States of America | 18/949,355 | Published | 5/22/2040 | |||||||
| Treatment of Ascites | United States of America | 16/379,446 | 11,364,277 | 6/30/2036 | ||||||
| European Patent | 16818751.6 | 3347032 | 6/30/2036 | |||||||
| Japan | 2025-107051 | Pending | 6/30/2036 | |||||||
| United States of America | 19/236,445 | Published | 6/30/2036 | |||||||
| China | 202510468211.6 | Published | 6/30/2036 | |||||||
| European Patent | 23212473.5 | Published | 6/30/2036 | |||||||
| United States of America | 18/105,293 | 12,685,756 | 3/3/2043 | |||||||
| United States of America | 19/710,871 | Pending | 3/3/2043 | |||||||
| Canada | 3,250,619 | Pending | 3/3/2043 | |||||||
| Europe | 23750193.7 | Published | 3/3/2043 | |||||||
| Japan | 2024-546209 | Published | 3/3/2043 | |||||||
| Korea | 10-2024-7025858 | Pending | 3/3/2043 | |||||||
| Mexico | MX/a/2024/009566 | Pending | 3/3/2043 |
BIV201 was awarded Orphan Drug Designations in the U.S. for the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome on November 21, 2018 and treatment of ascites due to all etiologies except cancer on September 8, 2016. If a drug receives Orphan Drug Designation and subsequently gains FDA approval for the designated rare disease, it earns seven years of market exclusivity in the U.S. (10 years in the EU). During this period, the FDA cannot approve another application for the same drug for the same indication, except under limited circumstances. This exclusivity is independent of patents, meaning even if a patent expires, orphan exclusivity can still block competitors.
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Bezisterim (NE3107) and related compounds
As of July 15, 2026, we have twelve (12) issued U.S. patents, seven (7) pending U.S. patent applications, three (3) pending U.S. PCT applications, four (4) issued foreign patents, and nine (9) pending foreign patent applications directed to protecting NE3107 and related compounds and methods of making and using thereof. The U.S. patents and pending patent applications and their projected expiration dates are provided below.
| Title | Patent Application Number |
Patent Number |
Projected Expiration | |||||
| Solid State Forms of a Pharmaceutical | 12/418,559 | 8,252,947 | * | 4/18/2030 | ||||
| Crystalline Anhydrate Forms of a Pharmaceutical | 14/459,528 | 9,555,046 | 4/3/2029 | |||||
| Crystalline Solvate Forms of a Pharmaceutical | 15/348,107 16/598,694 17/240,728 |
9,850,271 10,995,112 pending |
4/3/2029 4/3/2029 - |
|||||
| Treatment Methods Using Pharmaceutical Solid State Forms | 14/459,493 | 9,877,972 | 4/3/2029 | |||||
| Pharmaceutical Solid State Forms | 12/370,510 | 8,518,922 | 9/24/2031 | |||||
| Methods of Preparing Pharmaceutical Solid State Forms | 13/919,593 | 9,314,471 | 6/28/2029 | |||||
| Steroid Tetrol Solid State Forms | 12/272,767 | 8,486,926 | 1/10/2030 | |||||
| Drug Identification and Treatment Method | 11/941,936 | 8,354,396 | 7/7/2031 | |||||
| Methods for Preparing 17-Alkynyl-7-Hydroxy Steroids and Related Compounds | 12/479626 | 8309746 | 11/02/2030 | |||||
| Methods for Preparing 17-Alkynyl-7-Hydroxy Steroids and Related Compounds-2 | 13/664,304 | 9,163,059 | 6/5/2029 | |||||
| Method for Preparing Substituted 3,7-Dihydroxy Steroids | 14/886,738 | 9,994,608 | 6/5/2029 | |||||
| Compositions for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Conditions | 18/511,027 | pending | - | |||||
| Methods of Treating Long COVID | 19/742590 | pending | - | |||||
| Methods for the Treatment of Biological Aging | 19/190210 | pending | ||||||
| Methods for the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment | 19/055380 | pending | - | |||||
| Assay and Methods for Drug Discovery | 19/265505 | pending | - | |||||
| Bezisterim-Associated Anti-Inflammatory Epigenetic Modulation of Age Acceleration and Alzheimer’s Disease Genes | 63/903509 | pending | - | |||||
| * | Foreign counterparts issued in Australia, Canada, Europe and South Korea projected to expire 4/3/2029. |
Government Regulation
Government authorities in the United States, at the federal, state and local level, and in other countries extensively regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, quality control, approval, labeling, packaging, storage, record-keeping, promotion, advertising, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, marketing and export and import of products such as those we are developing. Any pharmaceutical candidate that we develop must be approved by the FDA before it may be legally marketed in the United States and by the appropriate foreign regulatory agency before it may be legally marketed in foreign countries.
United States Drug Development Process
In the United States, the FDA regulates the development of drugs and biologic products under the FDCA and the Public Health Services Act (“PHSA”), respectively. Drugs, biologics and medical devices are also subject to other federal, state and local statutes and regulations.
Biologics are subject to regulation by the FDA under the FDCA, the PHSA and related regulations, and other federal, state and local statutes and regulations. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and the subsequent compliance with appropriate federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations require the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with the applicable United States requirements at any time during the product development process, approval process or after approval, may subject an applicant to administrative or judicial sanctions. FDA sanctions could include refusal to approve pending applications, withdrawal of an approval, a clinical hold, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, refusals of government contracts, restitution, disgorgement or civil or criminal penalties. Any agency or judicial enforcement action could have a material adverse effect on us.
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The process required by the FDA before a drug or biological product may be marketed in the United States generally involves the following:
- Completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies according to Good Laboratory Practices or other applicable regulations;
- Submission to the FDA of an IND application, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;
- Performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials according to the FDA’s GCPs, to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug or biologic for its intended use;
- Submission to the FDA of an NDA, for a new drug product, or a BLA, for a new biological product;
- Satisfactory completion of FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities where the drug or biologic is to be produced to assess compliance with the FDA’s current good manufacturing practice standards, or cGMP, to assure that the facilities, methods and controls are adequate to preserve the drug’s or biologic’s identity, strength, quality and purity;
- Potential FDA inspections of the nonclinical and clinical trial sites that generated the data in support of the NDA or BLA; and
- FDA review and approval of the NDA or BLA.
The lengthy process of seeking required approvals and the continuing need for compliance with applicable statutes and regulations require the expenditure of substantial resources. There can be no certainty that approvals will be granted.
Clinical trials involve the administration of the drug or biological candidate to healthy volunteers or patients having the disease being studied under the supervision of qualified investigators, generally physicians not employed by or under the trial sponsor’s control. Clinical trials are conducted under protocols detailing, among other things, the objectives of the clinical trial, dosing procedures, subject inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitor subject safety. Each protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the FDA’s cGCP requirements. Further, each clinical trial must be reviewed and approved by an IRB, at or servicing each institution at which the clinical trial will be conducted. An IRB is charged with protecting the welfare and rights of trial participants and considers such items as whether the risks to individuals participating in the clinical trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the informed consent form that must be provided to each clinical trial subject or his or her legal representative and must monitor the clinical trial until it is completed.
Human clinical trials prior to approval are typically conducted in three sequential phases that may overlap or be combined:
- Phase 1. The drug or biologic is initially introduced into healthy human subjects and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion. In the case of some products for severe or life-threatening diseases, especially when the product may be too inherently toxic to ethically administer to healthy volunteers, the initial human testing is often conducted in patients having the specific disease.
- Phase 2. The drug or biologic is evaluated in a limited patient population to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the product for specific targeted diseases and to determine optimal dosage and dosing schedule for patients having the specific disease.
- Phase 3. Clinical trials are undertaken to further evaluate dosage, clinical efficacy and safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites. These clinical trials, which usually involve more subjects than earlier trials, are intended to establish the overall risk/benefit ratio of the product and provide an adequate basis for product labeling. Generally, two adequate and well-controlled Phase 3 clinical trials are required by the FDA for approval of an NDA or BLA.
Post-approval studies, or Phase 4 clinical trials, may be conducted after initial marketing approval. These studies are used to gain additional experience from the treatment of patients in the intended therapeutic indication and may be required by the FDA as part of the approval process.
Progress reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA and written IND safety reports must be submitted to the FDA by the investigators for serious and unexpected adverse events or any finding from tests in laboratory animals that suggests a significant risk for human subjects. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials may not be completed successfully within any specified period, if at all. The FDA or the sponsor or its data safety monitoring board may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Similarly, an IRB can suspend or terminate approval of a clinical trial at its institution if the clinical trial is not being conducted in accordance with the IRB’s requirements or if the drug or biologic has been associated with unexpected serious harm to patients.
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Concurrent with clinical trials, companies usually complete additional animal studies and develop additional information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug or biologic as well as finalize a process for manufacturing the product in commercial quantities in accordance with cGMP requirements. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the drug or biological candidate and, among other things, must include methods for testing the identity, strength, quality and purity of the final drug or biologic. Additionally, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that the drug or biological candidate does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life.
U.S. Review and Approval Processes
The results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials, along with descriptions of the manufacturing process, analytical tests conducted on the chemistry of the drug or biologic, proposed labeling and other relevant information are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA or BLA requesting approval to market the product. The submission of an NDA or BLA is subject to the payment of substantial user fees; a waiver of such fees may be obtained under certain limited circumstances.
The FDA reviews all NDAs and BLAs submitted before it accepts them for filing and may request additional information rather than accepting an NDA or BLA for filing. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review of the NDA or BLA.
After the NDA or BLA submission is accepted for filing, the FDA reviews the NDA to determine, among other things, whether the proposed product is safe and effective for its intended use, and whether the product is being manufactured in accordance with cGMP to assure and preserve the product’s identity, strength, quality and purity. The FDA reviews a BLA to determine, among other things, whether the product is safe, pure and potent and the facility in which it is manufactured, processed, packaged or held meets standards designed to assure the product’s continued safety, purity and potency. In addition to its own review, the FDA may refer applications for novel drug or biological products or drug or biological products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy to an advisory committee, typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review, evaluation and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendations of an advisory committee, but it considers such recommendations carefully when making decisions. During the approval process, the FDA also will determine whether a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, is necessary to assure the safe use of the drug or biologic. If the FDA concludes that a REMS is needed, the sponsor of the NDA or BLA must submit a proposed REMS; the FDA will not approve the NDA or BLA without a REMS, if required.
Before approving an NDA or BLA, the FDA will inspect the facilities at which the product is to be manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications. Additionally, before approving an NDA or BLA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance with cGMP. If the FDA determines the application, manufacturing process or manufacturing facilities are not acceptable it will outline the deficiencies in the submission and often will request additional testing or information.
The NDA or BLA review and approval process is lengthy and difficult and the FDA may refuse to approve an NDA or BLA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied or may require additional clinical data or other information. Even if such data and information is submitted, the FDA may ultimately decide that the NDA or BLA does not satisfy the criteria for approval. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and may be susceptible to varying interpretations, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. The FDA will issue a “complete response” letter if the agency decides not to approve the NDA or BLA. The complete response letter describes all of the specific deficiencies in the NDA or BLA identified by the FDA. The deficiencies identified may be minor, for example, requiring labeling changes, or major, for example, requiring additional clinical trials. Additionally, the complete response letter may include recommended actions that the applicant might take to place the application in a condition for approval. If a complete response letter is issued, the applicant may either resubmit the NDA or BLA, addressing all of the deficiencies identified in the letter, or withdraw the application.
If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be limited to specific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. Further, the FDA may require that certain contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling. In addition, the FDA may require Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a product’s safety and effectiveness and may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products that have been commercialized.
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Orphan Drug Designation
Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan designation to a drug or biological product intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or more than 200,000 individuals in the United States and for which there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and making a drug or biological product available in the United States for this type of disease or condition will be recovered from sales of the product. Orphan product designation must be requested before submitting an NDA or BLA. After the FDA grants orphan product designation, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA. Orphan product designation does not convey any advantage in or shorten the duration of the regulatory review and approval process.
If a product that has Orphan designation subsequently receives the first FDA approval for the disease or condition for which it has such designation, the product is entitled to orphan product exclusivity, which means that the FDA may not approve any other applications to market the same drug or biological product for the same indication for seven years, except in limited circumstances, such as a showing of clinical superiority to the product with orphan exclusivity. Competitors, however, may receive approval of different products for the indication for which the Orphan product has exclusivity or obtain approval for the same product but for a different indication for which the Orphan product has exclusivity. Orphan product exclusivity also could block the approval of one of our products for seven years if a competitor obtains approval of the same drug or biological product as defined by the FDA or if our drug or biological candidate is determined to be contained within the competitor’s product for the same indication or disease. If a drug or biological product designated as an orphan product receives marketing approval for an indication broader than what is designated, it may not be entitled to orphan product exclusivity. Orphan Drug status in the EU has similar but not identical benefits in the EU.
Expedited Development and Review Programs
The FDA has a Fast Track program that is intended to expedite or facilitate the process for reviewing new drug and biological products that meet certain criteria. Specifically, new drug and biological products are eligible for Fast Track designation if they are intended to treat a serious or life-threatening condition and demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs for the condition. Fast Track designation applies to the combination of the product and the specific indication for which it is being studied. Unique to a Fast Track product, the FDA may consider for review sections of the NDA or BLA on a rolling basis before the complete application is submitted, if the sponsor provides a schedule for the submission of the sections of the NDA or BLA, the FDA agrees to accept sections of the NDA or BLA and determines that the schedule is acceptable, and the sponsor pays any required user fees upon submission of the first section of the NDA or BLA.
Any product submitted to the FDA for marketing approval, including those submitted to a Fast Track program, may also be eligible for other types of FDA programs intended to expedite development and review, such as priority review and accelerated approval. Any product is eligible for priority review if it has the potential to provide safe and effective therapy where no satisfactory alternative therapy exists or a significant improvement in the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a disease compared with marketed products. The FDA will attempt to direct additional resources to the evaluation of an application for a new drug or biological product designated for priority review in an effort to facilitate the review. Additionally, a product may be eligible for accelerated approval. Drug or biological products studied for their safety and effectiveness in treating serious or life-threatening illnesses and that provide meaningful therapeutic benefit over existing treatments may receive accelerated approval, which means that they may be approved on the basis of adequate and well-controlled clinical studies establishing that the product has an effect on a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit, or on the basis of an effect on a clinical endpoint other than survival or irreversible morbidity. As a condition of approval, the FDA generally requires that a sponsor of a drug or biological product receiving accelerated approval perform adequate and well-controlled post-marketing clinical studies to establish safety and efficacy for the approved indication. Failure to conduct such studies or conducting such studies that do not establish the required safety and efficacy may result in revocation of the original approval. In addition, the FDA currently requires as a condition for accelerated approval pre-approval of promotional materials, which could adversely impact the timing of the commercial launch or subsequent marketing of the product. Fast Track designation, priority review and accelerated approval do not change the standards for approval but may expedite the development or approval process.
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Post-Approval Requirements
Any drug or biological products for which we receive FDA approvals are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, record-keeping requirements, reporting of adverse experiences with the product, providing the FDA with updated safety and efficacy information on an annual basis or as required more frequently for specific events, product sampling and distribution requirements, complying with certain electronic records and signature requirements and complying with FDA promotion and advertising requirements, which include, among others, standards for direct-to-consumer advertising, prohibitions against promoting drugs and biologics for uses or in patient populations that are not described in the drug’s or biologic’s approved labeling (known as “off-label use”), rules for conducting industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities, and promotional activities involving the internet. Failure to comply with FDA requirements can have negative consequences, including the immediate discontinuation of noncomplying materials, adverse publicity, enforcement letters from the FDA, mandated corrective advertising or communications with doctors, and civil or criminal penalties. Although physicians may prescribe legally available drugs and biologics for off-label uses, manufacturers may not market or promote such off-label uses.
We will need to rely on third parties for the production of our product candidates. Manufacturers of our product candidates are required to comply with applicable FDA manufacturing requirements contained in the FDA’s cGMP regulations. cGMP regulations require among other things, quality control and quality assurance as well as the corresponding maintenance of comprehensive records and documentation. Drug and biologic manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacture and distribution of approved drugs and biologics are also required to register their establishments and list any products made there with the FDA and comply with related requirements in certain states, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliance with cGMP and other laws. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain cGMP compliance. Discovery of problems with a product after approval may result in serious and extensive restrictions on a product, manufacturer, or holder of an approved NDA or BLA, including suspension of a product until the FDA is assured that quality standards can be met, continuing oversight of manufacturing by the FDA under a “consent decree,” which frequently includes the imposition of costs and continuing inspections over a period of many years, and possible withdrawal of the product from the market. In addition, changes to the manufacturing process generally require prior FDA approval before being implemented and other types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications and additional labeling claims, are also subject to further FDA review and approval.
The FDA also may require post-marketing testing, known as Phase 4 testing, risk minimization action plans and surveillance to monitor the effects of an approved product or place conditions on an approval that could otherwise restrict the distribution or use of the product.
Employees
Our business is managed by our officers who consist of Mr. Cuong Do, Chief Executive Officer & President; Dr. Joseph M Palumbo, Executive Vice President - Chief Medical Officer; and Wendy Kim, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary. These individuals devote their full-time efforts to Company activities. The Company has 13 employees which are all full time. We also rely on a team of highly experienced scientific, medical, and regulatory consultants to conduct product development activities.
Properties
The Company pays an annual rent of $2,200 for its headquarters at 680 W Nye Lane, Suite 201, Carson City Nevada 89703. The rental agreement was for a one-year term, that commenced on October 1, 2022, and was subsequently renewed at each annual maturity date at the same rate.
The Company’s San Diego office lease at 5090 Shoreham Place Suite 206, San Diego, CA 92122 was amended on February 12, 2024 for a larger space. The current monthly base rate for the office space is $10,375, with an annual increase of four percent. The term for the office lease is 60 months.
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Legal Proceedings
To our knowledge, other than described below, neither the Company nor any of its officers or directors is a party to any material legal proceeding or litigation and such persons know of no material legal proceeding or contemplated or threatened litigation, other than as described below. There are no judgments against us or our officers or directors. None of our officers or directors has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor relating to securities or performance in corporate office.
On January 19, 2024, a purported securities class action complaint, captioned Eric Olmstead v. BioVie Inc. et al., No. 3:24-cv-00035, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada, naming the Company and certain of its officers as defendants. On February 22, 2024, a second, related putative securities class action was filed in the same court asserting similar claims against the same defendants, captioned Way v. BioVie Inc. et al., No. 2:24-cv-00361. On April 15, 2024, the court consolidated these two actions under the caption In re BioVie Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 3:24-cv-00035 (the “Securities Class Action”), appointed the lead plaintiff, and approved selection of the lead counsel. On June 21, 2024, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, alleging that the defendants made material misrepresentations and/or omissions of material fact relating to the Company’s business, operations, compliance, and prospects, including information related to the NM101 Phase 3 study and trial of bezisterim (NE3107) in mild to moderate probable AD, in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The class action is on behalf of purchasers of the Company’s securities during the period from December 7, 2022 through November 28, 2023, and seeks unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the putative class and an award of costs and expenses, including attorney’s fees. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on August 21, 2024, and on March 27, 2025, the court denied that motion. The parties are now engaged in fact discovery. On February 13, 2026, the plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification and a motion for leave to file a second amended complaint. Defendants opposed the motion for leave to amend. On June 5, 2026, the court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for leave to amend, and the same day the plaintiffs filed their Second Amended Complaint. On June 15, 2026, the defendants filed a Notice of Non-Opposition and Reservation of Rights in response to the motion for class certification, and on June 18, 2026, the Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion and certified the class subject to the defendants’ reservation of rights. The defendants answered the Second Amended Complaint on June 22, 2026.
Three shareholder derivative lawsuits piggy-backing on the Securities Class Action were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada, allegedly on behalf of the Company, by three putative stockholders: Andrew Hulm on December 30, 2024; William Settel on April 28, 2025 and Cline Wilkerson on September 11, 2025, (collectively the “Related Derivative Lawsuits”). Each Related Derivative Lawsuit names the same current and former officers and directors as defendants and alleges essentially the same claims: that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing or failing to prevent the securities violations alleged in the Securities Class Action, and related claims for unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, gross mismanagement, and abuse of control. On September 29, 2025, at the request of the parties, the court consolidated all three Related Derivative Lawsuits under the caption In re BioVie Inc. Derivative Litigation, Case No. 3:24-cv-0602-CSD (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”). On January 27, 2026, at the request of the parties, the court stayed the Consolidated Derivative Action pending resolution of a summary judgment motion by defendants in the Securities Class Action.
The Company believes that the claims are without merit and intends to defend vigorously against them, but there can be no assurances as to the outcome.
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MANAGEMENT’s DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of the Company’s financial condition and the results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We are a clinical-stage company developing innovative drug therapies for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and advanced liver disease.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2026 to the three months ended March 31, 2025
Net loss
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was approximately $5.3 million as compared to the net loss of approximately $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net increase of $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was comprised of a net increase in R&D expenses of approximately $1.9 million, and a net increase in general and administrative expenses of approximately $565,000.
Total operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 were approximately $5.4 million as compared to $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net increase of approximately $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was comprised of a net increase in R&D expenses of approximately $1.9 million and a net increase in general and administrative expenses of approximately $565,000.
Research and Development Expenses
R&D expenses were approximately $3.2 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The net increase of approximately $1.9 million was primarily attributed to the increased activities in our clinical studies of approximately $1.1 million in the sunrise PD Phase 2 study as it became fully enrolled and nearing completion and the Long COVID Phase 2 study of a net increase of approximately $677,000. The net increase in the Long COVID study was caused by the timing of reimbursements as amounts submitted for reimbursement are recorded on a cash basis or when recoverability is determined to be probable.
The table below indicates the approximate cost incurred by study program.
| Three months ended | Three months ended | Increase | ||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | March 31, 2025 | (Decrease) | ||||||||||
| Sunrise PD Phase 2 | $ | 2,060,000 | $ | 973,000 | $ | 1,087,000 | ||||||
| Liver Program Phase 3 | 1,000 | 95,000 | (94,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Long COVID Phase 2 | 2,645,000 | 1,507,000 | 1,138,000 | |||||||||
| Long COVID Phase 2 - reimbursements | (3,056,000 | ) | (2,595,000 | ) | (461,000 | ) | ||||||
| $ | 1,650,000 | $ | (20,000 | ) | $ | 1,670,000 | ||||||
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were approximately $2.2 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The net increase of approximately $565,000 was primarily attributed to increases in the executive team and directors compensation of approximately $313,000 and $401,000, respectively, primarily in the form of stock-based compensation, increased insurance premiums of approximately $20,000 and accounting and auditing fees of approximately $16,000; offset by a decrease in legal fees expense of approximately $123,000, as the Company met its required insurance retention limit for the litigation costs of shareholders class action complaint, other professional and consultancy fees of approximately $38,000 and investor and public relation expense of approximately $24,000.
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Other Income and Expense
Other income, net was approximately $115,000 compared to other income, net of approximately $200,000, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The net decrease in other income of approximately $85,000 was primarily due to a interest income of approximately $76,000.
Comparison of the nine months ended March 31, 2026 to the nine months ended March 31, 2025
Net loss
Net loss for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 was approximately $16.4 million comparable to the net loss of approximately $14.1 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. The net increase of approximately $2.3 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 was comprised of the net increase in operating expenses of approximately $2.5 million offset by the increase in other income, net of approximately $155,000.
Total operating expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 were approximately $16.9 million as compared to $14.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. The net operating expense increase of approximately $2.5 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, was comprised of net increased R&D expenses of approximately $2.4 million attributed to the increased activities in both the Sunrise PD Phase 2 study and Long COVID Phase 2 study and an increase in general and administrative expenses of approximately $189,000.
Research and Development Expenses
R&D expenses were approximately $10.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, an increase of approximately $2.4 million from $8.0 million for nine months ended March 31, 2025. The net increase in R&D expenses is comprised of increased direct study costs of approximately $2.5 million, clinical team compensation of approximately $282,000, abstracts, publications and conferences of approximately $176,000, offset by approximately $619,000 in Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (“CMC”) and Discovery expenses that have been curtailed.
As the table indicates below, the increase in clinical studies of approximately $2.5 million is attributed to increased activity in both our clinical studies. Sunrise PD Phase 2 study costs increased by approximately $3.4 million as the study completed enrollment in January 2026 and the study is currently nearing completion. Long Covid Phase 2 study activities decreased and the net decrease in cost, net of reimbursements totaled approximately $786,000. The net decrease in costs is caused by the timing of reimbursements as amounts submitted for reimbursement are recorded on a cash basis or when recoverability is determined to be probable. As of March 31, 2026, the total cost incurred since inception was approximately $9.4 million and as of May 4, 2026 the total cost reimbursed was $9.4 million.
| Nine months ended | Nine months ended | Increase | ||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | March 31, 2025 | (Decrease) | ||||||||||
| Sunrise PD Phase 2 | $ | 6,055,000 | $ | 2,648,000 | $ | 3,407,000 | ||||||
| Liver Program Phase 3 | 16,000 | 138,000 | (122,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Long COVID Phase 2 | 4,625,000 | 4,233,000 | 392,000 | |||||||||
| Long COVID Phase 2 - reimbursements | (4,098,000 | ) | (2,920,000 | ) | (1,178,000 | ) | ||||||
| $ | 6,598,000 | $ | 4,099,000 | $ | 2,499,000 | |||||||
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were approximately $6.4 million and $6.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The net increase of approximately $189,000 was primarily attributed to increases in the executive team and directors compensation of approximately $78,000 and $214,000, respectively, primarily comprised of stock based compensation; legal expenses of approximately $423,000 primarily attributed to the class action litigation; investor and public relations expenses of $71,000; and insurance premiums of approximately $55,000, offset by a decrease in consultancy fees of approximately $603,000 and a decline in other expenses such as meetings and travel totaling $24,000 and accounting and auditing fees of approximately $14,000.
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Other Income and Expense
Other income, net was approximately $505,000 compared to other income, net of $350,000, for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The net increase in other income of approximately $155,000 was comprised of a reduction in interest expense of approximately $314,000 due to the payoff of the notes payable on December 1, 2024, offset by decline in interest income of approximately $155,000.
Comparison of the Year Ended June 30, 2025 to the Year Ended June 30, 2024
Net loss
The net loss for the year ended June 30, 2025, was approximately $17.5 million as compared to the net loss of $32.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. The net decrease of $14.6 million was primarily attributed to decline in R&D expenses of $13.8 million, and a net increase in other income, net of approximately $465,000.
Total operating expenses for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were approximately $18.1 million and $32.2, respectively. The net decrease of approximately $14.1 million was primarily due to the decrease in R&D expenses as a result of the completion of clinical trials in the prior fiscal year.
Research and Development Expenses
R&D expenses were approximately $9.3 million and $23.1 million for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The $13.8 million reduction was primarily attributed to the completion of the clinical studies in the prior fiscal year and comprised of a declines in direct study costs of approximately $7.4 million, and the related expenses such as the clinical team payroll of approximately $1.4 million, and consultants expenses of approximately $3.0 million, reflecting a declining use of consultants and a reduction in the use of regulatory and other consultants totaling approximately $496,000. Other decreases included a decrease in CMC and new drug discovery totaling approximately $1.2 million, and a decrease in travel & conferences of approximately $123,000, as well as publications of approximately $166,000.
The decrease in clinical studies of approximately $7.4 million represented the net decrease in clinical trial studies expense of approximately $10.8 million due to the completion of the clinical trials in the prior fiscal year offset primarily by the planning, development and launch of the two new clinical studies, Sunrise PD Phase 2 and Long Covid Program, totaling approximately $3.3 million. The table below summarizes the approximate expense amounts for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by study:
| For the Year Ended | For the Year Ended | Increase | ||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | (Decrease) | ||||||||||
| Current Studies | ||||||||||||
| Sunrise PD Phase 2 | $ | 3,343,000 | $ | 181,000 | $ | 3,162,000 | ||||||
| Liver Program Phase 3 | 173,000 | 45,000 | 128,000 | |||||||||
| Long COVID Program, net of $5.3 million reimbursement | 146,000 | 106,000 | 40,000 | |||||||||
| Investigator-Initiated studies | 25,000 | 23,000 | 2,000 | |||||||||
| $ | 3,687,000 | $ | 355,000 | $ | 3,332,000 | |||||||
| Completed Studies | ||||||||||||
| Ascites BIV201 Phase 2b | $ | (63,000 | ) | $ | 554,000 | $ | (617,000 | ) | ||||
| AD mild to moderate pivotal Phase 3 | 18,000 | 7,888,000 | (7,870,000 | ) | ||||||||
| PD NM201 Phase 2 | - | 612,000 | (612,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Investigator-Initiated studies | - | 73,000 | (73,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Other studies in development/canceled | 18,000 | 1,600,000 | (1,582,000 | ) | ||||||||
| $ | (27,000 | ) | $ | 10,727,000 | $ | (10,754,000 | ) | |||||
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended June 30, 2025, was approximately $8.6 million and was comparable to approximately $8.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. The net fluctuations in expenses were primarily comprised of decreases in stock-based compensation for the executive team and directors of approximately $436,000 and $595,000, respectively, and investor and public relation fees of $210,000, offset by increases in directors’ cash compensation of approximately $101,000, other professional and consultancy fees of approximately $582,000, legal fees of approximately $468,000, and audit and accounting fees of approximately $82,000.
Other Income and Expense
Other income, net was approximately $524,000 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to approximately $59,000 for the year ended June 30, 2024. The net increase in other income of approximately $465,000 was comprised of a decrease in the change in fair value of the related derivative liabilities of approximately $1.8 million, offset by the decline in interest expense, net $2.6 million due to the payoff of the notes payable on December 1, 2024 and decline in interest income of approximately $284,000.
Capital Resources and Liquidity
As of March 31, 2026, the Company had working capital of approximately $15.2 million, cash and cash equivalents totaling approximately $13.1 million, stockholders’ equity of approximately $15.6 million, and an accumulated deficit of approximately $368.6 million. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had working capital of approximately $18.4 million, cash and cash equivalents of approximately $17.5 million, stockholders’ equity of approximately $19.0 million, and an accumulated deficit of approximately $352.1 million. Additionally, the Company had a net loss of approximately $17.5 million and net cash used in operating activities of approximately $19.0 million during the year ended June 30, 2025.
For the nine months ended March 31, 2026, the Company used net cash in operations totaling approximately $14.9 million and net cash provided by financing activities was comprised of net proceeds from capital raise activities of approximately $10.5 million.
The Company has not generated any revenue and no revenues are expected in the foreseeable future. The Company’s future operations are dependent on the success of the Company’s ongoing development and commercialization efforts, as well as its ability to secure additional financing. Management expects that future sources of funding may include sales of equity, obtaining loans, or other strategic transactions.
Although management continues to pursue the Company’s strategic plans, there is no assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining sufficient financing on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all, to fund continuing operations. These circumstances raise substantial doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Registered Offerings
On September 25, 2024, the Company closed a best efforts public offering (the “September 2024 Offering”) of 136,080 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, pre-funded warrants (the “September Pre-funded Warrants”) to purchase 60,000 shares of Common Stock, and warrants to purchase up to 196,080 shares of Common Stock (the “September Common Warrants”) at a combined public offering price of $15.30 per share, or September Pre-funded Warrant, and the associated September Common Warrant. 26,500 September Pre-funded Warrants were exercised shortly thereafter and reflected on the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity as a component of proceeds from issuance of common stock. The September Common Warrants have an exercise price of $15.30 per share and were immediately exercisable upon issuance and will expire on the fifth anniversary date of the original issuance date. The gross proceeds to the Company from the September 2024 Offering was approximately $3.0 million, before deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses of approximately $747,000. Additionally, upon closing, the Company issued the placement agent warrants (“September Placement Agent’s Warrants”) to purchase 9,809 shares of Common Stock exercisable at a per share price of $19.10, which was equal to 125% of the public offering price per share. The September Placement Agent’s Warrants are exercisable during a five-year period commencing 180 days from September 25, 2024. Subsequently, 189,630 of common warrants from the September 2024 Offering were exercised at $15.30 per share for proceeds totaling approximately $2.9 million, and 33,500 September Pre-funded Warrants were also exercised. In addition, 667 September Placement Agent’s Warrants were exercised on a cashless exercise basis and 422 common shares were issued.
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In October 2024, the Company closed three registered direct offerings totaling 825,600 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and two concurrent private placements of warrants to purchase up to 711,000 shares of Common Stock (the “October Common Warrants”) priced at-the-market under Nasdaq rules at prices ranging from $15.00 to $28.30 per share (the “October Offerings”). The October Common Warrants have exercise prices ranging from $13.70 to $21.20 per share and are exercisable beginning six months following issuance and will expire on the fifth anniversary date of the original issuance dates. The gross proceeds to the Company from the October Offerings totaled approximately $15.9 million, before deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses of approximately $2.5 million. Additionally, upon closing of the October Offerings, the Company issued placement agent warrants (the “October Placement Agent’s Warrants”) to purchase 41,321 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate exercisable at a per share price ranging from $18.80 to $35.40, which was equal to 125% of the offering price per share in the applicable October Offering. The October Placement Agent’s Warrants are exercisable during a five-year period commencing 180 days from each of the respective closing dates of the October Offerings.
On August 11, 2025, the Company closed an underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) of (i) 5,620,000 units (the “Units”), with each Unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant (the “Warrants”) and (ii) 380,000 pre-funded units (the “Pre-Funded Units”), with each Pre-Funded Unit consisting of one pre-funded warrant and one Warrant. The underwriter also exercised its over-allotment option in part and purchased an additional 667,300 Warrants. The Offering resulted in net proceeds of approximately $10.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses. Each Unit was sold to the public at a price of $2.00 per Unit and each Pre-Funded Unit was sold to the public at a price of $1.9999 per Pre-Funded Unit (which represents the public offering price of each Unit less the $0.0001 per share nominal exercise price for each Pre-Funded Warrant). On August 8, 2025, the Warrants commenced trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BIVIW.” Each Warrant is immediately exercisable, entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $2.50 per share and expires five years from the date of issuance. Each Pre-Funded Warrant is immediately exercisable, entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock and may be exercised at any time until exercised in full. Additionally, upon closing, the Company issued the underwriter warrants to purchase 300,000 shares of Common Stock exercisable at a per share price of $2.50, which was equal to 125% of the public offering price per share. The underwriter’s Warrants are exercisable during a five-year period commencing 180 days from August 11, 2025.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The term “off-balance sheet arrangement” generally means any transaction, agreement or other contractual arrangement to which an entity unconsolidated with the Company is a party, under which the Company has (i) any obligation arising under a guarantee contract, derivative instrument or variable interest; or (ii) a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to such entity or similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support for such assets. The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect or change on the Company’s financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Research and Development
R&D expenses and corresponding accrued expenses, consist primarily of costs associated with the preclinical and/or clinical trials of drug candidates, compensation and other expenses for R&D, personnel, supplies and development materials, costs for consultants and related contract research costs.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company follows the provision of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718 - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires the measurement of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and non-employee director, including employee stock options. Share-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 and is generally recognized as an expense over the requisite service period, net of forfeitures which are recorded as they occur.
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MANAGEMENT
Executive Officers and Directors
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers and directors as of the date of this prospectus.
| Name | Age | Director Since | Position | |||||
| Cuong Do | 60 | 2016 | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director | |||||
| Joanne Wendy Kim | 71 | -- | Chief Financial Officer | |||||
| Joseph M. Palumbo, MD | 66 | -- | Chief Medical Officer | |||||
| Jim Lang | 61 | 2016 | Chairman of the Board | |||||
| Amy S. Chappell, MD, FAAN | 75 | 2025 | Director | |||||
| Kameel D. Farag | 48 | 2025 | Director | |||||
| Sigmund Rogich | 82 | 2020 | Director | |||||
| Michael Sherman | 67 | 2017 | Director |
Mr. Cuong Do has served on the Company’s Board of Directors since 2016 and was appointed the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and President in 2021. He previously served as President, Global Strategy Group at Samsung from 2015 to 2020. Mr. Do helped set the strategic direction for Samsung’s diverse business portfolio. Prior to that, he was the Chief Strategy Officer for Merck from 2011 to 2014, Tyco Electronics from 2009 to 2011, and Lenovo from 2007 to 2009. Mr. Do is a former senior partner at McKinsey & Company, where he spent 17 years and helped build the healthcare, high tech and corporate finance practices. He holds a BA from Dartmouth College, and an MBA from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth.
We believe Mr. Do’s qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors and as the CEO and President are primarily based on his decades of experience as an executive in the pharma, biotech, and other high technology industries and his extensive experience in strategy, corporate finance practice and the development of companies in all stages.
Ms. Joanne Wendy Kim has served as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer since 2018. Ms. Kim previously served as Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) for several companies throughout her career, previously with Landmark Education Enterprises, and prior to that, other public entities in the entertainment and financial services industry sectors. She provided interim CFO services to various organizations through Group JWK from 2016 to 2018. In her various roles, Ms. Kim oversaw corporate finance and operational groups, closed eight acquisitions, secured bank financings, developed and implemented new business strategies, managed risk and implemented new financial policies and procedures. As a CPA professional, she advised on accounting transactions, SEC reporting matters and other regulatory matters to clients serving as a Director at BDO USA, LLP’s National Office SEC Department and sat the US desk in London for BDO LLP UK Firm in 2008-2016 and as a Senior Manager at KPMG in earlier part of her career. She brings more than 35 years of accounting and finance experience to this position. Ms. Kim earned her BSA in accounting and finance at California State University, Long Beach.
Dr. Joseph M. Palumbo has served as our Chief Medical Officer (“CMO”) since 2021. Formerly he served as the CMO at Zynerba Pharmaceuticals from July 2019 to October 2021, responsible for clinical operations, development, regulatory, and medical affairs. Prior to his time at Zynerba, Dr. Palumbo held senior worldwide governance roles at Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma in both the United States and Japan from April 2012 to June 2019, where he led medical science and translational research across multiple therapeutic areas, and guided successful registrational programs for Radicava® (edaravone) for the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. From April 2003 to March 2012, Dr. Palumbo was Global Head and Franchise Medical Leader for Psychiatry, and the Interim Head of Global Neuroscience at Johnson & Johnson, where he led the medical teams who achieved successful global registrations for Risperdal® (risperidone); Concerta® (methylphenidate HCL); and Invega® (paliperidone). He was Head of Psychiatry and Neurology at Pharmanet from April 2002 to April 2003. Dr Palumbo previously held industry positions in European Pharma with Sanofi-Synthelabo from April 1999 to April 2002, Biotech at Cephalon, from April 1997 to April 1998, and from July 1989 to April 2002, he held senior leadership and hospital administration roles at prestigious academic research institutions including Yale, Cornell, and the University of Pennsylvania. He holds a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Pennsylvania and received his Doctor of Medicine at the George Washington University School of Medicine. He was a Biological Sciences Training Program Fellow of the National Institutes of Health and Chief Resident for the Abraham Ribicoff Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit at Yale University. Dr Palumbo has received Board Certification in Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry.
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Dr. Amy Chappell has served as a director of the Company since 2025. Since 2024, she has served as CMO of Solaxa Inc., where she oversees clinical development of novel therapies for ataxia and nerve repair. Prior to that, Dr. Chappell was a clinical trials and neurology consultant for various companies from 2021 to 2024. From 2020 to 2021, she was CMO of Eliem Therapeutics, assisting it through a successful initial public offering and advancing programs in epilepsy and mood disorders. Dr. Chappell has also served over 25 years at Eli Lilly & Co., where she played a central role in developing and gaining US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for multiple central nervous system indications, including for Cymbalta® in fibromyalgia and musculoskeletal pain. Dr. Chappell holds a BA from Antioch College and an MD from Indiana University School of Medicine. She also holds numerous patents, has authored over 100 peer-reviewed publications and presentations, and remains a Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology.
Dr. Chappell’s qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors are primarily based on her decades of experience in clinical neuroscience and drug development.
Mr. James Lang, has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors since 2023 and has served as the Company’s director since 2016. Until 2025, he served as CEO of EVERSANA, the leading commercialization services company for the life sciences industry, where he now serves as a Director. In the five years since he founded EVERSANA, it is now over $1B in revenue, with more than 7,000 employees across 40 global locations. He formerly served as the CEO of Decision Resources Group (DRG), which he transformed into a leading healthcare data and analytics firm. Prior to that, Jim was CEO of IHS Cambridge Energy Research Associates (IHS CERA), a recognized leader in energy industry subscription information products, and formerly the President of Strategic Decisions Group (SDG), a leading global strategy consultancy. Mr. Lang holds a BS summa cum laude in electrical and computer engineering from the University of New Hampshire and an MBA with Distinction from the Tuck School of Business. Jim Lang currently also serves as a Director at OptimizeRX (OPRX), a Nasdaq listed Company, and Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. (HALO), a Nasdaq listed Company.
Jim Lang’s qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors are primarily based on his decades of experience as a strategy consultant, broad industry expertise, and senior-level management experience running several healthcare and information technology companies.
Mr. Kameel Farag has served as a director of the Company since 2025. Since October 2025, he has served as the Interim Chief Financial Officer of Akari Therapeutics, Plc. He formerly served as Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and head of business operations at Aspen Neuroscience from 2021 to 2025, where he oversaw tripling the company’s headcount, secured over $150 million in financing, built manufacturing infrastructure and prepared the company for clinical data and a potential future public offering. Prior to that, he served as Senior Vice President, Finance at Ionis Pharmaceuticals from 2018 to 2021. In addition, Mr. Farag spent over 16 years at Amgen Inc. in a variety of finance and operational roles including Chief Financial Officer of Amgen’s Intercontinental Region from 2013 to 2018 and as its Head of International FP&A and Interim International Chief Financial Officer from 2009 to 2013. Mr. Farag holds a BA from the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Mr. Farag’s qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors are primarily based on his experience as a biotech and global finance executive with a track record of scaling companies through transformational growth.
Mr. Sigmund Rogich has served as a director of the Company since 2020. He is the CEO and President of The Rogich Communications Group and serves on the Board of Keep Memory Alive, a philanthropic organization which raises awareness about brain disorders and Alzheimer’s disease. Keep Memory Alive funds clinical trials to advance new treatments for patients with Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease, as well as multiple sclerosis. Mr. Rogich was formerly the U.S. Ambassador to Iceland. He has served as a senior consultant to Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. Mr. Rogich serves on multiple boards of directors for charitable causes.
Mr. Rogich’s qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors are based on his experience in the Communications sector and philanthropic organization raising awareness about brain disorders, as well as his experience in service as a senior consultant to candidates of the highest office.
Mr. Michael Sherman has served as a director of the Company since 2017. He retired from his position as a Managing Director at Barclays Plc in 2018, where he had worked since 2008. Previously he was a Managing Director at Lehman Brothers, Inc. He has worked in investment banking for 30 years. Mr. Sherman has significant experience in healthcare finance, most recently assisting on a $450 million convertible transaction for Neurocrine Biosciences. He has worked on successful financial transactions for Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Amgen Inc., Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co., and Cardinal Health, among other companies. After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania, Michael Sherman received his JD, cum laude, from the Harvard Law School.
Mr. Sherman’s qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors are primarily based on his decades of finance industry experience and investment banking. Mr. Sherman has significant experience in healthcare finance including having worked on successful financial transactions for several pharmaceutical and healthcare focused companies.
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Role and Composition of the Board of Directors
The Board of Directors, which is elected by the stockholders, is the ultimate decision-making body of the Company, except with respect to those matters reserved to the stockholders. It selects the President and Chief Executive Officer, or person or persons performing similar functions, and other members of the senior management team, and provides an oversight function for the President and Chief Executive Officer’s execution of overall business strategy and objectives. The Board acts as an advisor and counselor to senior management and validates business strategy and direction. The Board’s primary function is to monitor the performance of senior management and facilitate growth and success by providing mentoring and actionable business advice honed by substantial substantive knowledge of the Company’s business and history tempered with significant outside business experience.
Our Amended and Restated Bylaws state that the number of directors shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders and each director shall be elected to serve until his successor shall be elected and shall qualify. In all elections for directors, every stockholder shall have the right to vote the number of shares owned by such stockholders for each director to be elected. A director or the entire Board, may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at the election of directors. Vacancies in the Board may be filled by a majority of the directors or by an election either at an annual meeting or at a special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose. Any directors elected by the stockholders to fill the vacancy shall hold office for the balance of the term for which he or she was elected. A director appointed by the Board to fill the vacancy shall serve until the next meeting of stockholders at which directors are elected.
A director need not be a stockholder. Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as directors or as members of committees, but by resolution of the Board of Directors a fixed fee and expenses of attendance may be allowed for attendance at each meeting. Our Amended and Restated Bylaws shall not be construed to preclude any director from serving the Company in any other capacity as an officer, agent or otherwise, and receiving compensation therefor.
There are no familial relationships among any of our directors or officers. Except as described under “The Nominees” above or “Executive Officers” below, none of our other directors or officers is or has been a director or has held any form of directorship in any other U.S. reporting companies. None of our directors or officers has been affiliated with any Company that has filed for bankruptcy within the last five years. We are not aware of any proceedings to which any of our officers or directors, or any associate of any such officer or director, is a party that are adverse to the Company. We are also not aware of any material interest of any of our officers or directors that is adverse to our own interests.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of conduct and ethics meeting the requirements of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. We believe our code of conduct and ethics is reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and promote honest and ethical conduct; provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in public reports; comply with applicable laws; ensure prompt internal reporting of violations; and provide accountability for adherence to the provisions of the code of conduct and ethics. Our code of conduct and ethics is accessible under the “Investors-Governance” section of our website at www.bioviepharma.com. Disclosure regarding any amendments to, or waivers from, provisions of the code of ethics will be included in a Current Report on Form 8-K that will be filed with the SEC within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver.
Independence of the Board of Directors
Our common stock is traded on Nasdaq. After review of all relevant transactions and relationships between each director, or any of the director’s family members, and the Company, its senior management and its independent auditors, the Board has determined that Ms. Chappell and Messrs. Farag, Lang, Sherman and Rogich are independent under the listing standards of Nasdaq. In making this determination, the Board of Directors considered that there were no new transactions or relationships between its current independent directors and the Company, its senior management and its independent auditors since last making this determination.
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Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors has three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is comprised solely of independent directors, operates under a charter approved by our Board of Directors and has the composition and responsibilities described below. The charter of each committee is available on our website.
Audit Committee
The members of the Audit Committee are Kameel D. Farag, James Lang and Michael Sherman, each of whom is an independent director within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules. Mr. Lang has served as Chairman of the Audit Committee since February 2025 and qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by Item 401(h)(2) of Regulation S-K.
The primary responsibilities of the Audit Committee include:
- assisting board oversight of (1) the integrity of our financial statements, (2) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (3) our independent auditor’s qualifications and independence, and (4) the performance of our internal audit function and independent auditors; the appointment, compensation, retention, replacement, and oversight of the work of the independent auditors and any other independent registered public accounting firm engaged by us;
- pre-approving all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditors or any other registered public accounting firm engaged by us, and establishing pre-approval policies and procedures; reviewing and discussing with the independent auditors all relationships the auditors have with us in order to evaluate their continued independence;
- setting clear policies for audit partner rotation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
- obtaining and reviewing a report, at least annually, from the independent auditors describing (1) the independent auditor’s internal quality-control procedures and (2) any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the audit firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm and any steps taken to deal with such issues;
- meeting to review and discuss our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent auditor, including reviewing our specific disclosures under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”; reviewing and approving any related party transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC prior to us entering into such transaction; and
- reviewing with management, the independent auditors, and our legal advisors, as appropriate, any legal, regulatory or compliance matters, including any correspondence with regulators or government agencies and any employee complaints or published reports that raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies and any significant changes in accounting standards or rules promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.
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Compensation Committee
The members of the Compensation Committee are James Lang, Sigmund Rogich and Michael Sherman. Mr. Sherman has served as Chairman of the Compensation Committee since October 2020.
The primary responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include:
- reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, evaluating our Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our Chief Executive Officer based on such evaluation;
- reviewing and making recommendations to our Board of Directors with respect to the compensation, and any incentive-compensation and equity-based plans that are subject to board approval of all of our other officers;
- reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans;
- implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans; assisting management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements;
- approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our officers and employees; and
- producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors.
The charter also provides that the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of a compensation consultant, independent legal counsel or other adviser and will be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any such adviser. However, before engaging or receiving advice from a compensation consultant, external legal counsel or any other adviser, the Compensation Committee will consider the independence of each such adviser, including the factors required by Nasdaq and the SEC.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the Compensation Committee of any entity that has one or more officers serving on our Board of Directors.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are Amy Chappell, Sigmund Rogich and Michael Sherman. Mr. Rogich has served as Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee since August 2025.
The primary responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee include:
- identifying, screening and reviewing individuals qualified to serve as directors, consistent with criteria approved by the Board of Directors, and recommending to the Board of Directors candidates for nomination for election at the annual meeting of stockholders or to fill vacancies on the Board of Directors;
- developing and recommending to the Board of Directors and overseeing implementation of our corporate governance guidelines;
- coordinating and overseeing the annual self-evaluation of the Board of Directors, its committees, individual directors and management in the governance of the company; and
- reviewing on a regular basis our overall corporate governance and recommending improvements as and when necessary.
The charter also provides that the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of, and terminate, any search firm to be used to identify director candidates, and will be directly responsible for approving the search firm’s fees and other retention terms.
We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, the Board of Directors considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and the ability to represent the best interests of our stockholders.
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth the total compensation paid during the last two fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 to the following executive officers of the Company, who are referred to as our “named executive officers”:
- Cuong Do, our President and Chief Executive Officer
- Joanne Wendy Kim, our Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary
- Joseph Palumbo, our Chief Medical Officer
| Name and Principal Position | Year | Salary | Bonus | Stock Awards (1) | Option Awards (1) | Non-Equity | Nonqualified Deferred | All Other Compensation | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cuong Do | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer and President | 2026 | $ | 640,000 | $ | 96,000 | $ | — | $ | 653,990 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,389,990 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | $ | 618,000 | $ | 92,700 | $ | — | $ | 149,449 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 860,149 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joanne Wendy Kim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary | 2026 | $ | 350,000 | $ | 39,375 | $ | — | $ | 108,228 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 497,603 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | $ | 295,000 | $ | 105,000 | $ | — | $ | 20,621 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 420,621 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joseph Palumbo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Medical Officer | 2026 | $ | 580,000 | $ | 65,250 | $ | — | $ | 129,756 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 775,006 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | $ | 560,000 | $ | 84,000 | $ | — | $ | 22,051 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 666,051 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Narrative Disclosures to Summary Compensation Table
Employment Agreements
All employment arrangements are “at will” agreements.
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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth all outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of June 30, 2026:
| Options | Stock Award | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Grant Date | Number of securities underlying unexercised options exercisable | Number of securities underlying unexercised options unexercisable | Equity incentive plan awards: number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options | Option exercise price | Option expiration date | Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested | Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested | Equity incentive plan awards: number of shares, units or other rights that have not vested | Equity incentive plan awards: market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cuong Do, CEO | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 08/20/21 | 6,258 | — | 1,192 | $ | 774.00 | 08/20/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 06/21/22 | 1,246 | — | — | $ | 169.00 | 06/21/32 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 06/29/23 | 1,170 | — | 585 | $ | 409.00 | 06/29/33 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 06/24/24 | 2,270 | — | — | $ | 47.40 | 06/24/34 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12/20/24 | 6,968 | — | 3,483 | $ | 19.00 | 12/20/34 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 365,915 | — | 299,385 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/36 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joanne W. Kim, CFO | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 08/20/21 | 1,045 | — | 197 | $ | 774.00 | 08/20/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 06/07/23 | 160 | — | 40 | $ | 578.00 | 06/07/33 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 06/24/24 | 990 | — | — | $ | 47.40 | 06/24/34 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12/20/24 | 960 | — | 482 | $ | 19.00 | 12/20/34 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 60,555 | — | 49,545 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/36 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joseph M. Palumbo, CMO | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 02/01/22 | 994 | — | 248 | $ | 320.00 | 02/01/32 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 06/07/23 | 240 | — | 60 | $ | 578.00 | 06/07/33 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 06/24/24 | 1,560 | — | — | $ | 47.40 | 06/24/34 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12/20/24 | 1,028 | — | 514 | $ | 19.00 | 12/20/34 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 72,600 | — | 59,400 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/36 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 523,959 | — | 415,131 | — | — | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Named executive officers held stock options to purchase a total of 939,090 shares of common stock as of June 30, 2026, with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $6.3 million, the last of which vests in 2029. The stock options granted on August 20, 2021 vested 20% on the grant date, with the remaining stock options vesting in five equal annual installments beginning on the first grant date anniversary; the stock options granted on June 7, 2023, vested 25% on the grant date, with the remaining stock options vesting in four equal annual installments beginning on the first grant date anniversary; stock options granted on June 24, 2024, vested 33% on grant date with the remaining in equal installments on the first and second grant date anniversary; the stock options granted on December 20, 2024 vested 33% on grant date with remaining in equal annual installments on the first and second grant date anniversary; the stock options granted on January 5, 2026 vested 55% on grant date with remaining in equal annual installments on first, second and third grant date anniversary; and the stock options and stock awards to the CEO on June 21, 2022 and June 29, 2023 vested in three equal annual installments beginning on the first grant date anniversary.
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Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control
There are no arrangements with the named executive officers or our equity incentive plan or individual award agreements thereunder providing for certain payments to our named executive officers at or following or in connection with a termination of their employment or a change of control of the Company.
Director Compensation
The following table provides information regarding compensation that was earned or paid to the individuals who served as non-employee directors during the year ended June 30, 2026. Except as set forth in the table, during the fiscal year 2026, directors did not earn nor receive cash compensation or compensation in the form of stock awards, options awards or any other form:
| Name | Fees earned or paid in Cash | Stock awards (1) | Option awards(1) | Non-equity incentive plan compensation | Change in pension value and nonqualified deferred compensation | All other compensation | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Jim Lang | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 325,897 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 325,897 | ||||||||||||||
| Michael Sherman | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 326,361 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 326,361 | ||||||||||||||
| Amy Chappell * | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 44,568 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 44,568 | ||||||||||||||
| Kameel Farag* | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 44,568 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 44,568 | ||||||||||||||
| Sigmund Rogich | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 163,610 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 163,610 | ||||||||||||||
| (1) | The aggregate grant date fair value of such awards were computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ASC Topic 718, Stock Compensation (ASC Topic 718), and do not take into account estimated forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions, if any. The valuation assumptions used in calculating these values are discussed in Note 9 of our Notes to Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2025. These amounts do not represent actual amounts paid or to be realized. Amounts shown are not necessarily indicative of values to be achieved, which may be more or less than the amounts shown, as awards may be subject to time-based vesting. |
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Outstanding equity awards held by non-employee directors as of June 30, 2026 were as follows:
| Options (1) | Stock Awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Grant Date | Number of securities underlying unexercised options exercisable | Number of securities underlying unexercised options unexercisable | Equity incentive plan awards: number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options | Option exercise price | Option expiration date | Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested | Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested | Equity incentive plan awards: number of shares, units or other rights that have not vested | Equity incentive plan awards: market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| James Lang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 04/05/22 | 1,279 | — | — | $ | 504.00 | 04/05/27 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11/23/23 | 935 | — | — | $ | 301.00 | 11/23/28 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11/20/24 | 6,160 | — | — | $ | 33.60 | 11/20/29 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12/20/24 | 1,513 | — | 756 | $ | 19.00 | 12/20/29 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 45,000 | — | 45,000 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 247,875 | — | 82,625 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sigmund Rogich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 04/05/22 | 1,234 | — | — | $ | 504.00 | 04/05/27 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11/23/22 | 550 | — | — | $ | 612.00 | 11/23/27 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12/20/24 | 1,471 | — | 736 | $ | 19.00 | 12/20/29 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 35,000 | — | 35,000 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 105,825 | — | 35,275 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Michael Sherman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 04/05/22 | 1,302 | — | — | $ | 504.00 | 04/05/27 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11/23/22 | 750 | — | — | $ | 612.00 | 11/23/27 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11/23/23 | 898 | — | — | $ | 301.00 | 11/23/28 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11/20/24 | 5,690 | — | — | $ | 33.60 | 11/20/29 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12/20/24 | 1,555 | — | 778 | $ | 19.00 | 12/20/29 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 40,000 | — | 40,000 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 255,825 | — | 85,275 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amy Chappell | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 28,750 | — | 28,750 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kameel Farag | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/05/26 | 28,750 | — | 28,750 | $ | 1.31 | 01/05/31 | — | — | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | There were a total of 1,193,307 stock options outstanding to directors as of June 30, 2025, with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $2.8 million, the last of which vest in 2029. Stock Options granted on November 20, 2024 vest in equal quarterly installments on February 8, 2025, May 8, 2025, August 8, 2025 and November 8, 2025. Stock Options granted on December 20, 2024 vested 33% on the grant date and the remaining vest in two equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the grant date. The stock options granted on January 5, 2026 as part of the bonus and retention incentives to James Lang, Sigmund Rogich and Michael Sherman vested 75% on the grant date and the remaining vest in equal annual installments on the first, second and third grant date anniversaries. The stock options granted on January 5, 2026 as part of annual compensation, vest in equal installments on February 11, 2026, May 11, 2026, August 11, 2026 and November 11, 2026. The two new directors, Amy Chappell and Kameel Farag, received additional stock options to purchase 7,500 shares of common stock as compensation for pre-November services, which vested on the grant date. |
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Long-Term Incentive Plans and Awards
Other than the options granted as described above, we do not currently have any long-term incentive plans that provide compensation intended to serve as incentive for performance. Since prior to such grants, no individual grants or agreements regarding future payouts under non-stock price-based plans had been made to any executive officer or any director or any employee or consultant since our inception, no future payouts under non-stock price-based plans or agreements had been granted or entered into or exercised by our officer or director or employees or consultants.
2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
On April 20, 2019, our Board of Directors and our stockholders approved and adopted the 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The 2019 Plan allows us, under the direction of our Board of Directors or a committee thereof, to make grants of stock options, restricted and unrestricted stock and other stock-based awards to employees, including our executive officers, consultants and directors. The 2019 Plan was amended on November 10, 2025 and allowed for the issuance of up to 3.1 million shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2026, there were 399,509 shares of common stock available for issuance of new awards under the 2019 Plan.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides certain aggregate information with respect to the 2019 Plan, the Company’s only equity compensation plan in effect as of June 30, 2026:
| (a) | (b) | ( c) | ||||||||||
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2,785,363 | $ | 7.62 | 399,509 | ||||||||
| Equity compensation not approved by security holders | — | $ | — | — | ||||||||
| Total | 2,785,363 | $ | 7.62 | 399,509 | ||||||||
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
There have been no transactions since July 1, 2025 to which we have been a party in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of (i) $120,000 and (ii) one percent (1%) of the average of our total assets at year-end for the prior two fiscal years, and in which any of our directors, executive officers or beneficial owners of more than 5% of our capital stock or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
Review and Approval of Transactions with Related Persons
Either the audit committee or the Board of Directors approves all related party transactions. The procedure for the review, approval or ratification of related party transactions involves discussing the proposed transaction with management, discussing the proposed transaction with the external auditors, reviewing financial statements and related disclosures, and reviewing the details of major deals and transactions to ensure that they do not involve related party transactions. Members of management have been informed and understand that they are to bring related party transactions to the audit committee or the Board of Directors for pre-approval. These policies and procedures are evidenced in the audit committee charter and our code of ethics.
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Principal Stockholders
Based solely upon information made available to us, the following table sets forth information as of July 28, 2026 regarding the beneficial ownership of our Common Stock by:
- each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock;
- each of our named executive officers and directors; and
- all our executive officers and directors as a group.
The percentage ownership information shown in the table is based upon 7,542,638 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of July 28, 2026.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. Except as otherwise indicated, each person or entity named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our capital shown as beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.
In computing the number and percentage of shares beneficially owned by a person as of a particular date, shares that may be acquired by such person (for example, upon the exercise of options or warrants) within 60 days of such date are counted as outstanding, while these shares are not counted as outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
The address of each holder listed below, except as otherwise indicated, is c/o BioVie Inc., 680 W Nye Lane, Suite 201, Carson City, Nevada 89703.
| . | Number of Common Shares of Beneficial Ownership | Percentage of Beneficial Ownership | ||||||
| James Lang (1) | 325,952 | 4.1 | ||||||
| Sigmund Rogich (2) | 165,423 | 2.1 | ||||||
| Michael Sherman (3) | 326,228 | 4.1 | ||||||
| Amy Chappell (4) | 45,000 | * | ||||||
| Kameel Farag (5) | 45,000 | * | ||||||
| Cuong Do (6) | 402,051 | 5.1 | ||||||
| Joanne Wendy Kim (7) | 64,850 | * | ||||||
| Joseph Palumbo (8) | 77,664 | 1.0 | ||||||
| All directors and executive officers as a group (8) | 1,452,168 | 18.6 | % | |||||
| * Less than 1% | ||||||||
| (1) | Includes 325,262 options to purchase shares of Common Stock, all of which are exercisable within 60 days of July 28, 2026. |
| (2) | Includes options to purchase 161,580 shares of Common Stock which are exercisable within 60 days of July 28, 2026. |
| (3) | Includes options to purchase 326,020 shares of Common Stock, which are exercisable within 60 days of July 28, 2026. 134 shares of Common Stock held of record by Sherman Children’s Trust Brian Krisber, Trustee. All shares of Common Stock and options are deemed to be beneficially owned or controlled by Michael Sherman. |
| (4) | Represents options to purchase 45,000 shares of Common Stock, which are exercisable within 60 days of July 28, 2026. |
| (5) | Represents options to purchase 45,000 shares of Common Stock, which are exercisable within 60 days of July 28, 2026. |
| (6) | Includes warrants to purchase 5,050 shares of Common Stock , options to purchase 385,603 shares of Common Stock which are exercisable within 60 days of July 28, 2026 and 10,491 shares of Common Stock which are held of record by Do & Rickles Investments, LLC, a limited liability company 100% owned by Cuong Do and his wife, and as such, Mr. Do may be deemed to beneficially own or control. |
| (7) | Includes options to purchase 63,909 shares of Common Stock and 100 restricted stock units all which are exercisable within 60 days of July 28, 2026. |
| (8) | Includes options to purchase 76,471 shares of Common Stock which are exercisable within 60 days of July 28, 2026. |
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Description of Securities
The following description is a summary of some of the terms of our securities, our organizational documents and Nevada law. The descriptions in this prospectus of our securities and our organizational documents do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, our organizational documents, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
General
As of July 28, 2026, our authorized capital stock consists of 800,000,000 shares of Common Stock par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), of which 7,545,474 shares were issued and 7,542,638 shares were outstanding, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, none of which were issued and outstanding. The authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock and preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. Unless approval of our stockholders is so required, our board of directors will not seek stockholder approval for the issuance and sale of our Common Stock.
Common Stock
Each holder of Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors. Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting rights. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, the holders of our outstanding shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of legally available funds. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of Common Stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities, subject to the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. Holders of our Common Stock have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of Common Stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future. All of our outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paid and nonassessable.
Our Common Stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “BIVI.” The transfer agent and registrar for our Common Stock is West Coast Stock Transfer, Inc., Encinitas, California.
Pre-funded Warrants
The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Pre-funded Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the Pre-funded Warrant, the form of which will be filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Pre-funded Warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Pre-funded Warrants.
Term
The Pre-funded Warrants will not expire until they are fully exercised.
Exercisability
The Pre-funded Warrants are exercisable at any time until they are fully exercised. The Pre-funded Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and payment of the exercise price. No fractional shares of our Common Stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Pre-funded Warrant. The holder of the Pre-funded Warrant may also satisfy its obligation to pay the exercise price through a “cashless exercise,” in which the holder receives the net value of the Pre-funded Warrants in shares of our Common Stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Pre-funded Warrant.
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Exercise Limitations
Under the terms of the Pre-funded Warrants, the Company may not effect the exercise of any such warrant, and a holder will not be entitled to exercise any portion of any such warrant, if, upon giving effect to such exercise, the aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by the holder (together with its affiliates, any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder’s affiliates, and any other persons whose beneficial ownership of our Common Stock would or could be aggregated with the holder’s for purposes of Section 13(d) or Section 16 of the Exchange Act) would exceed 9.99% of the number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of such warrant, which percentage may be increased or decreased at the holder’s election upon 61 days’ notice to the Company subject to the terms of such warrants, provided that such percentage may in no event exceed 9.99%.
Exercise Price
The exercise price of shares of our Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants is $0.0001 per share. The exercise price of the Pre-funded Warrants and the number of shares of our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our shares of Common Stock, as well as upon any distribution of assets, including cash, stock or other property, to our stockholders.
Transferability
Subject to applicable laws, the Pre-funded Warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.
Exchange Listing
There is no established trading market for the Pre-funded Warrants. We do not intend to list the Pre-funded Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system and do not expect a trading market to develop for the Pre-funded Warrants.
Fundamental Transactions
Upon the consummation of a fundamental transaction (as described in the Pre-funded Warrants, and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our shares of Common Stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of Common Stock), the holders of the Pre-funded Warrants will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants, the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that such holders would have received had they exercised the Pre-funded Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, without regard to any limitations on exercise contained in the Pre-funded Warrants. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a fundamental transaction where the consideration consists solely of cash, solely of marketable securities or a combination of cash and marketable securities, then each Pre-funded Warrant shall automatically be deemed to be exercised in full in a cashless exercise effective immediately prior to and contingent upon the consummation of such fundamental transaction.
No Rights as a Stockholder
Except by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of Common Stock, the holder of a Pre-funded Warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our shares of Common Stock, including any voting rights, until such holder exercises the Pre-funded Warrant.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Nevada Law
Business Combinations
The “business combination” provisions of Sections 78.411 to 78.444, inclusive, of the Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”) generally prohibit a Nevada corporation with at least 200 stockholders, a “resident domestic corporation,” from engaging in various “combination” transactions with any interested stockholder for a period of two years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the transaction is approved by the board of directors prior to the date the interested stockholder obtained such status or the combination is approved by the board of directors and thereafter is approved at a meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of stockholders representing at least 60% of the outstanding voting power held by disinterested stockholders, such prohibition extends beyond the expiration of the two-year period, unless:
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- the combination was approved by the board of directors prior to the person becoming an interested stockholder or the transaction by which the person first became an interested stockholder was approved by the board of directors before the person became an interested stockholder or the combination is later approved by a majority of the voting power held by disinterested stockholders; or
- the combination meets specified statutory requirements.
A “combination” is generally defined to include mergers or consolidations or any sale, lease exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer, or other disposition, in one transaction or a series of transactions, with an “interested stockholder” having: (a) an aggregate market value equal to 5% or more of the aggregate market value of the assets of the corporation, (b) an aggregate market value equal to 5% or more of the aggregate market value of all outstanding shares of the corporation, (c) 10% or more of the earning power or net income of the corporation, and (d) certain other transactions with an interested stockholder or an affiliate or associate of an interested stockholder.
In general, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns (or within two years, did own) 10% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. The statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire the Company even though such a transaction may offer our stockholders the opportunity to sell their stock at a price above the prevailing market price.
A “resident domestic corporation” may opt out of the business combinations provisions of the NRS by making an election to do so in its original articles of incorporation, by adopting an amendment to its articles of incorporation that is approved by the affirmative vote of holders of stock representing a majority of the outstanding voting power of the resident domestic corporation not beneficially owned by interested stockholders or their affiliates, or whose articles of incorporation were amended to contain a provision expressly electing not to be governed by the business combinations statutes before the date the corporation first became a resident domestic corporation. We have not opted out of the business combinations statutes and will be subject to these statutes if we are a resident domestic corporation as defined in the NRS.
Control Share Acquisitions
The “control share” provisions of Sections 78.378 to 78.3793, inclusive, of the NRS apply to “issuing corporations” that are Nevada corporations with at least 200 stockholders, including at least 100 stockholders of record who are Nevada residents, and that conduct business directly or indirectly in Nevada. The control share statute prohibits an acquirer, under certain circumstances, from voting its shares of a target corporation’s stock after crossing certain ownership threshold percentages, unless the acquirer obtains approval of the target corporation’s disinterested stockholders. The statute specifies three thresholds: one-fifth or more but less than one-third, one-third but less than a majority, and a majority or more, of the outstanding voting power. Generally, once an acquirer crosses one of the above thresholds, those shares in an offer or acquisition and acquired within 90 days thereof become “control shares” and such control shares are deprived of the right to vote until disinterested stockholders restore the right. These provisions also provide that if control shares are accorded full voting rights and the acquiring person has acquired a majority or more of all voting power, all other stockholders who do not vote in favor of authorizing voting rights to the control shares are entitled to demand payment for the fair value of their shares in accordance with statutory procedures established for dissenters’ rights.
A corporation may elect to not be governed by, or “opt out” of, the control share provisions by making an election in its articles of incorporation or bylaws, provided that the opt-out election must be in place on the 10th day following the date an acquiring person has acquired a controlling interest, that is, crossing any of the three thresholds described above. We have not opted out of the control share statutes, and will be subject to these statutes if we are an “issuing corporation” as defined in such statutes.
The effect of the Nevada control share statutes is that the acquiring person, and those acting in association with the acquiring person, will obtain only such voting rights in the control shares as are conferred by a resolution of the stockholders at an annual or special meeting. The Nevada control share law, if applicable, could have the effect of discouraging takeovers of the Company.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws contain certain provisions that may have anti-takeover effects, making it more difficult for or preventing a third party from acquiring control of us or changing our board of directors and management. According to our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, neither the holders of our Common Stock nor the holders of any preferred stock we may issue in the future have cumulative voting rights in the election of our directors. The combination of the present ownership by a few stockholders of a significant portion of our issued and outstanding Common Stock and lack of cumulative voting makes it more difficult for other stockholders to replace our board of directors or for a third party to obtain control of us by replacing our board of directors.
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plan of distribution
We have entered into a placement agency agreement dated , 2026 with ThinkEquity LLC, as placement agent, with respect to the securities sold in this offering. Subject to the terms and conditions of the placement agency agreement, the placement agent has agreed to solicit offers to purchase the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants offered by this prospectus. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any such securities, nor is it required to arrange for the purchase and sale of any specific number or dollar amount of such securities, other than to use its “reasonable best efforts” to arrange for the sale of such securities by us. Therefore, we may not sell all of the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants being offered. The terms of this offering are subject to market conditions and negotiations between us, the placement agent and prospective investors. The placement agent will have no authority to bind us by virtue of the placement agency agreement. This is a best efforts offering and there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering. The placement agent may retain sub-agents and selected dealers in connection with this offering.
Delivery of the Shares and the Pre-funded Warrants offered hereby is expected to occur on or about , 2026, subject to satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions.
We have agreed to indemnify the placement agent against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the placement agent may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
Placement Agent Fees and Expenses
Pursuant to the placement agency agreement, we will pay the placement agent and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Financial Advisor”), concurrently with the closing of this offering, an aggregate fee equal to 6.0% of the purchase price paid by each purchaser of securities that are placed in this offering and warrants to purchase 5.0% of the aggregate number of shares sold in the offering. The Financial Advisor’s advisory fee, as part of the overall fee, will equal 12.5% of the total 6.0% placement agent cash fees and 12.5% of the 5.0% Placement Agent’s Warrants.
The following table shows the public offering price, placement agent fees and proceeds, before expenses, to us.
| Per Share | Per Pre-funded Warrant |
Total | ||||||||||
| Public offering price | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Placement agent fees (6.0%) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Proceeds, before expenses, to us | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
In addition, we will also pay the placement agent (a) all filing fees and communication expenses relating to the securities to be sold in this offering with the SEC; (b) all filing fees and expenses associated with the review of this offering by FINRA; (c) all fees and expenses relating to the listing of the securities on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the NYSE or the NYSE American and on such other stock exchanges as the Company and the placement agent together determine, including any fees charged by The Depository Trust Company (DTC) for new securities; (d) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of such Shares under the “blue sky” securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions as the placement agent may reasonably designate; (e) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration, qualification or exemption of such securities offered hereby under the securities laws of such foreign jurisdictions as the placement agent may reasonably designate; (f) the costs of all mailing and printing of the offering documents; (g) the costs and expenses of a public relations firm; (h) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering certificates representing the Shares; (i) fees and expenses of the transfer agent for the Common Stock; (j) stock transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of the securities from the Company to the placement agent; (k) the costs associated with post-Closing advertising this offering in the national editions of the Wall Street Journal and New York Times; (l) [Intentionally Omitted]; (m) the fees and expenses of the Company’s accountants; (n) the fees and expenses of the Company’s legal counsel and other agents and representatives; (o) [Intentionally Omitted]; (p) [Intentionally Omitted]; (q) [Intentionally Omitted]; and (s) [Intentionally Omitted]. Such reimbursement shall be paid at each closing (to the extent not paid at a prior closing) from the gross proceeds of the securities offered hereby.
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The placement agent may also ask other FINRA member broker-dealers that are registered with the SEC to participate as soliciting dealers for this offering.
Our total estimated expenses of this offering, including registration, filing and listing fees and legal and accounting expenses, but excluding placement agent fees, are approximately $450,000.
Placement Agent’s Warrants
Upon closing of this offering, we have agreed to issue the placement agent warrants (“Placement Agent’s Warrants”) to purchase up to 5% of the aggregate number of Shares and Pre-funded Warrants sold. The Placement Agent’s Warrants will be exercisable at an exercise price of $1.66 (representing 125% of the assumed public offering price of $1.33 per Share, the last reported sales price of our Common Stock as reported on Nasdaq on July 28, 2026). The Placement Agent’s Warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire on the four- and one-half year anniversary of the date that is 180 days from the commencement of sales of the securities issued in this offering.
The Placement Agent’s Warrants have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(e)(1)(A) of FINRA. The placement agent (or permitted assignees under Rule 5110(e)(2)) will not sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or hypothecate these warrants or the securities underlying these warrants, nor will they engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the Placement Agent’s Warrants or the underlying shares of Common Stock for a period of 180 days following the commencement of sales of the securities issued in this offering. In addition, the Placement Agent’s Warrants provide for registration rights upon request, in certain cases. The sole demand registration right provided will not be greater than five years from the commencement of sales of the securities issued in this offering in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(C). The piggyback registration rights provided will not be greater than seven years from the commencement of sales of the securities issued in this offering in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(D). We will bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the securities issuable upon exercise of the Placement Agent’s Warrants other than underwriting commissions incurred and payable by the holders. The exercise price and number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Placement Agent’s Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend or our recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the exercise price of the Placement Agent’s Warrants or underlying shares of Common Stock will not be adjusted for issuances of shares of our Common Stock at a price below the exercise price of the Placement Agent’s Warrants.
Lock-Up Agreements
We have agreed that, from the date of this prospectus until the date that is three months from the closing of this offering, we will not (a) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; (b) file or cause to be filed any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; (c) complete any offering of debt securities of the Company, other than entering into a line of credit with a traditional bank or (d) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of capital stock of the Company, whether any such transaction described in clause (a), (b), (c) or (d) above is to be settled by delivery of shares of capital stock of the Company or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, subject to certain exceptions.
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Moreover, pursuant to “lock-up” agreements, our executive officers, directors and certain of our stockholders have agreed that from the date of this prospectus until the date that is three months from the closing of this offering, subject to customary exceptions, without the prior written consent of the placement agent, not to, directly or indirectly (a) offer, sell, agree to offer or sell, solicit offers to purchase, grant any call option or purchase any put option with respect to, pledge, encumber, assign, borrow or otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock, any warrant or option to purchase such shares or any other of our securities or of any other entity that is convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of our Common Stock or any other of our equity securities (each a “Relevant Security” and collectively, “Relevant Securities”), in each case beneficially owned by them or otherwise publicly disclose the intention to do so, or (b) establish or increase any “put equivalent position” or liquidate or decrease any “call equivalent position” with respect to any Relevant Security (in each case within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act with respect to any Relevant Security or otherwise enter into any swap, derivative or other transaction or arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any economic consequence of ownership of a Relevant Security, whether or not such transaction is to be settled by the delivery of Relevant Securities, other securities, cash or other consideration, or otherwise publicly disclose the intention to do so.
Right of First Refusal
We have granted the placement agent an irrevocable right of first refusal (the “Right of First Refusal”), for a period of three (3) months after the closing of this offering, to act, except as set forth below, as sole investment banker, sole book-runner and/or sole placement agent, at the placement agent’s sole discretion, for each and every future public and private equity offering that is not an “at-the-market” offering executed through a broker dealer as sales agent (such future public and private equity offering, a “Future Transaction”), including all equity linked financings, during such three (3) month period for the Company, or any successor to or any subsidiary of the Company, on reasonable and customary terms, provided a Future Transaction shall not be deemed to include, and no Right of First Refusal is granted to the placement agent in connection with, any of the following: (a) any equity securities directly issued by the Company pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions, including as part of any grant funding from a third party, or (b) any offer or sale of equity securities by the Company directly to non-U.S. persons domiciled in the following jurisdictions: China, Korea, Latin America (excluding the Caribbean and the Cayman Islands), Japan, the EU and the Middle East, in each case, in a private placement not otherwise involving a public offering. The placement agent may elect, in its sole and absolute discretion, not to exercise its Right of First Refusal with respect to any Future Transaction; provided that any such election by the placement agent shall not adversely affect the placement agent’s Right of First Refusal with respect to any other Future Transaction during the three (3) month period agreed to above. In accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(6)(A), the Right of First Refusal shall not have a duration of more than three (3) years from the commencement of sales in this offering.
Electronic Distribution
This prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by the placement agent, or by its affiliates. Other than this prospectus in electronic format, the information on the placement agent’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the placement agent is not part of this prospectus, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the placement agent in its capacity as placement agent, and should not be relied upon by investors.
Nasdaq Capital Market Listing
Our Common Stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “BIVI”. We do not intend to list the Pre-funded Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system and do not expect a trading market to develop for the Pre-funded Warrants.
Regulation M Compliance
The placement agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the sale of our securities offered hereby by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. The placement agent will be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of our securities by the placement agent. Under these rules and regulations, the placement agent may not (i) engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and (ii) bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until they have completed their participation in the distribution.
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Other Relationships
From time to time, the placement agent and/or its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking and other financial services for us for which they may receive customary fees. In the course of their businesses, the placement agent and/or its affiliates may actively trade our securities or loans for their own account or for the accounts of customers, and, accordingly, the placement agent and/or its affiliates may at any time hold long or short positions in such securities or loans. Except for services provided in connection with this offering, the placement agent has not provided any investment banking or other financial services to us during the 180-day period preceding the date of this prospectus.
Selling Restrictions
Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the placement agent that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.
European Economic Area
In relation to each member state of the European Economic Area that has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a relevant member state), with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that relevant member state (the relevant implementation date), an offer of securities described in this prospectus may not be made to the public in that relevant member state other than:
- to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Directive;
- to fewer than 100 or, if the relevant member state has implemented the relevant provision of the 2010 PD Amending Directive, 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive), as permitted under the Prospectus Directive, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the relevant Dealer or Dealers nominated by us for any such offer; or
- in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of securities shall require us or any placement agent to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.
For purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer of securities to the public” in any relevant member state means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the securities, as the expression may be varied in that member state by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that member state, and the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC (and amendments thereto, including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the relevant member state) and includes any relevant implementing measure in the relevant member state. The expression 2010 PD Amending Directive means Directive 2010/73/EU.
The sellers of the securities have not authorized and do not authorize the making of any offer of securities through any financial intermediary on their behalf, other than offers made by the placement agent with a view to the final placement of the securities as contemplated in this prospectus. Accordingly, no purchaser of the securities, other than the placement agent, is authorized to make any further offer of the securities on behalf of the sellers or the placement agent.
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United Kingdom
This prospectus is only being distributed to, and is only directed at, persons in the United Kingdom that are qualified investors within the meaning of Article 2(1)(e) of the Prospectus Directive that are also (i) investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the “Order”) or (ii) high net worth entities, and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated, falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (each such person being referred to as a “relevant person”). This prospectus and its contents are confidential and should not be distributed, published or reproduced (in whole or in part) or disclosed by recipients to any other persons in the United Kingdom. Any person in the United Kingdom that is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.
Switzerland
The securities may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (the “SIX”) or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document does not constitute a prospectus within the meaning of and has been prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the securities or this offering may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.
Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to this offering, the Company, the securities have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of securities will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA (the “FINMA”), and the offer of securities has not been and will not be authorized under the Swiss Federal Act on Collective Investment Schemes (the “CISA”). The investor protection afforded to acquirers of interests in collective investment schemes under the CISA does not extend to acquirers of securities.
Canada
The securities may be sold only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the securities must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.
Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.
Israel
The securities offered by this prospectus have not been approved or disapproved by the Israeli Securities Authority (the “ISA”), nor have such securities been registered for sale in Israel. The securities may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in Israel, absent the publication of a prospectus. The ISA has not issued permits, approvals or licenses in connection with this offering or publishing the prospectus; nor has it authenticated the details included herein, confirmed their reliability or completeness, or rendered an opinion as to the quality of the securities being offered. Any resale in Israel, directly or indirectly, to the public of the securities offered by this prospectus is subject to restrictions on transferability and must be effected only in compliance with the Israeli securities laws and regulations.
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United Arab Emirates
Neither this document nor the securities have been approved, disapproved or passed on in any way by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates or any other governmental authority in the United Arab Emirates, nor has the Company received authorization or licensing from the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates or any other governmental authority in the United Arab Emirates to market or sell the securities within the United Arab Emirates. This document does not constitute and may not be used for the purpose of an offer or invitation. No services relating to the securities, including the receipt of applications and/or the allotment or redemption of such securities, may be rendered within the United Arab Emirates by the Company.
No offer or invitation to subscribe for securities is valid or permitted in the Dubai International Financial Centre.
Singapore
This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of our securities may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the securities be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor (as defined under Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the “SFA”)) pursuant to Section 274 of the SFA, (ii) to a relevant person (as defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA) pursuant to Section 275(1) of the SFA, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA, in each case subject to conditions set forth in the SFA.
Where our securities are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 by a relevant person which is a corporation (which is not an accredited investor as defined in Section 4A of the SFA) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor, the securities or securities-based derivatives contracts (each as defined in Section 2(1) of the SFA) of that corporation shall not be transferable for six months after that corporation has acquired our securities under Section 275 except: (a) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the SFA or to a relevant person, (b) where such transfer arises from an offer in that corporation’s securities pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the SFA, and in accordance with the conditions, specified in Section 275 of the SFA; (c) where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer; (d) where such transfer is by operation of law; or (e) as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA.
Where the securities are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an accredited investor, the beneficiaries’ rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferable for six months after that trust has acquired the securities under Section 275 of the SFA except: (1) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the SFA or to a relevant person, (2) where such transfer arises from an offer that is made on terms that such rights or interest are acquired at a consideration of not less than $200,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) for each transaction (whether such amount is to be paid for in cash or by exchange of securities or other assets), (3) where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer, (4) where the transfer is by operation of law, or (5) as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA.
Hong Kong
Our securities may not be offered or sold by means of any document other than (i) in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong), (ii) to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap.571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder or (iii) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong), and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to the securities may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to the securities which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap.571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder.
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Australia
This prospectus is not a disclosure document under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act, has not been lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission and does not purport to include the information required of a disclosure document under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act. Accordingly, (i) the offer of the securities under this prospectus is only made to persons to whom it is lawful to offer the securities without disclosure under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act under one or more exemptions set out in section 708 of the Australian Corporations Act, (ii) this prospectus is made available in Australia only to those persons as set forth in clause (i) above, and (iii) the offeree must be sent a notice stating in substance that by accepting this offer, the offeree represents that the offeree is such a person as set forth in clause (i) above, and, unless permitted under the Australian Corporations Act, agrees not to sell or offer for sale within Australia any of the securities sold to the offeree within 12 months after its transfer to the offeree under this prospectus.
Japan
The securities have not been and will not be registered under Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948), as amended (the “FIEL”), pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements applicable to a private placement of securities to Qualified Institutional Investors (as defined in and in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 3 of the FIEL and the regulations promulgated thereunder). Accordingly, the securities may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan other than Qualified Institutional Investors. Any Qualified Institutional Investor who acquires securities may not resell them to any person in Japan that is not a Qualified Institutional Investor, and acquisition by any such person of securities is conditional upon the execution of an agreement to that effect.
People’s Republic of China
The information in this document does not constitute a public offer of the securities, whether by way of sale or subscription, in the People’s Republic of China (excluding, for purposes of this paragraph, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan). The securities may not be offered or sold directly or indirectly in the PRC to legal or natural persons other than directly to “qualified domestic institutional investors.”
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Legal Matters
McGuireWoods LLP is acting as our counsel regarding securities law matters and has provided an opinion on the validity of the Pre-funded Warrants. Fennemore Craig, P.C. has provided an opinion on the validity of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby (including the Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants). Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP is acting as counsel to the placement agent.
Experts
The balance sheets of BioVie Inc. as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the related statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, have been audited by EisnerAmper LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein, which report includes an explanatory paragraph about the existence of substantial doubt concerning the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Such financial statements have been included herein in reliance on the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
Where You Can Find More Information
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, some of which is contained in exhibits to the registration statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us and our securities, we refer you to the registration statement, including the exhibits filed as a part of the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus concerning the contents of any contract or any other document are not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, please see the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relating to a contract or document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.
We are subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, in accordance with this law, file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information are available on the website of the SEC referred to above. We maintain a website at https://bioviepharma.com/. Information found on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus.
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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
BIOVIE INC.
Audited Financial Statements
Unaudited Financial Statements
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
BioVie, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of BioVie Inc. (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the related statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company’s recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Research and development expenses and related accruals
As described in Note 3 to the accompanying financial statements, research and development expenses consist primarily of costs associated with the preclinical and/or clinical trials of drug candidates, compensation and other expenses for research and development, personnel, supplies and development materials, costs for consultants and related contract research costs. The amounts recorded for clinical trial expenses represent the Company’s estimates of clinical trial expenses based on facts and circumstances known to the Company at that time, and are dependent upon the timely and accurate reporting of contract research organizations and other third-party vendors.
We identified the accounting for the research and development expenses and related accruals to be a critical audit matter due to the degree of management judgement in ensuring they are complete, accurate and classified correctly, their significance, and the risk of material misstatement due to the nature and timing of these costs and accruals. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in applying the procedures related to their accounting.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the financial statements. These procedures included, obtaining an understanding of management’s process and evaluating the design of controls over research and development expense classification and the completeness and accuracy of related accruals, independently researching vendors, testing a selection of research and development expense transactions to determine, based on the underlying supporting documents, the mathematical accuracy of the expense and the appropriateness of the expense classification. In addition, we made inquiries of management and reviewed subsequent payments, invoices and agreements relating to certain research and development expenses to evaluate if the accruals were properly recorded as of June 30, 2025.
/s/ EisnerAmper LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
EISNERAMPER LLP
Iselin, New Jersey
August 15, 2025
F-2
BioVie Inc.
Balance Sheets
| June 30, | June 30, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
Grant receivable | | |||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liability | ||||||||
| Current portion of notes payable, net of financing cost, unearned premium and discount of $ | ||||||||
| Warrant liability | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability, net of current portion | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock; $ par value; shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value; shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024; shares issued of which shares are outstanding at June 30, 2025; and shares issued of which shares outstanding at June 30, 2024 | 7,476 | |||||||
| Additional paid in capital | 371,148,784 | |||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Treasury stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
F-3
BioVie Inc.
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
| Year Ended | Year Ended | |||||||
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES: | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Research and development expenses | ||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES | ||||||||
| LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME): | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||
| Interest income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| TOTAL OTHER INCOME , NET | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| NET LOSS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Deemed dividend related to ratchet adjustment to warrants | ||||||||
| NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE | ||||||||
| - Basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| - Diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING | ||||||||
| - Basic | ||||||||
| - Diluted | ||||||||
| NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Other comprehensive loss | ||||||||
| Reclassification of unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments upon settlement | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ||||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
F-4
BioVie Inc.
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
For the Years Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common | Common | Additional | Treasury | Treasury | Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock | Stock | Paid in | Stock | Stock | Comprehensive | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Shares | Amount | Income | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2023 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock - based compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of costs of $2,908,141 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - issuance of common stock for services rendered | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deemed dividend for ratchet adjustment to warrants | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments upon settlement | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of additional shares for fractional shares effected by the reverse split | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | 621,641 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock - based compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units and restricted shares | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of costs of $3,240,288 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - issuance of common stock for services rendered | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from cashless exercise of warrants | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deemed dividend for ratchet adjustment to warrants | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of additional shares for fractional shares effected by the reverse split | ( | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | 1,917,061 | $ | $ | (2,837 | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
F-5
BioVie Inc.
Statements of Cash Flows
| Year Ended | Year Ended | |||||||
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation - restricted stock units and restricted shares | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation expense - stock options | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation expense - issuance of common stock for services rendered | ||||||||
| Amortization of financing costs | ||||||||
| Accretion of unearned loan discount | ||||||||
| Accretion of loan premium | ||||||||
| Realized gain on maturity of available-for sale | ( | ) | ||||||
| Non-cash lease expense from right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Gain on termination of operating lease | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
Grant receivable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other current liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from U.S. Treasury Bills (available-for-sale) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | ||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | ||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of warrants | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payment of loan premium | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payments of note payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | $ | $ | ||||||
| Reclassification of unrealized gains on U.S. Treasury Bills (available-for-sale investments) upon settlement | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deemed dividend for ratchet adjustment to warrants | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
F-6
BioVie Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
| 1. | Background Information |
BioVie Inc. (the “Company” or “we” or “our”) is a clinical-stage company developing innovative drug therapies for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and advanced liver disease.
Neurodegenerative Disease Programs
The Company acquired the biopharmaceutical assets of NeurMedix, Inc. (“NeurMedix”) a privately held clinical-stage pharmaceutical company and a related party in June 2021. The acquired assets included NE3107 (or “bezisterim”). Bezisterim, the approved generic name for NE3107 is an investigational, novel, orally administered small molecule that is thought to inhibit inflammation-driven insulin resistance and major pathological inflammatory cascades with a novel mechanism of action. There is emerging scientific consensus that both inflammation and insulin resistance may play fundamental roles in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (“AD”) and Parkinson’s disease (“PD”), and bezisterim could, if approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), represent an entirely new medical approach to treating these devastating conditions affecting an estimated 6 million Americans suffering from AD, 1 million Americans suffering from PD and Long COVID affects approximately 20 million adults in the US, and millions more worldwide.
In neurodegenerative disease, the Company’s drug candidate bezisterim is an orally bioavailable, Blood Brain Barrier (“BBB”)-permeable, insulin-sensitizer that is also anti-inflammatory. In addition, it is not immunosuppressive and has a low risk of drug-drug interaction. Bezisterim inhibits activation of inflammatory action extracellular single regulated kinase (“ERK”) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (“NFκB”) (including interactions with tumor necrosis factor (“TNF”) signaling and other relevant inflammatory pathways) that lead to neuroinflammation and insulin resistance. By binding to ERK and selectively modulating NFκB activation and TNF-α production and not interfere with their homeostatic functions, BioVie believes that bezisterim may offer clinical improvements in several disease indications, including PD, AD and long COVID.
Parkinson’s Disease
The Company designed a new Phase 2b study of bezisterim as a potential first line therapy to treat patients with new onset PD. This trial will be evaluating the safety and efficacy of bezisterim on motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with PD who haven’t been treated with carbidopa/levodopa. The PD Phase 2b study, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a hybrid decentralized design will last 20 weeks from the initial screening phase to the safety follow up. In July 2024, the Company submitted the new protocol and received a response from the FDA permitting the Company to proceed with the study. The trial commenced in April 2025.
The Phase 2 study of bezisterim for the treatment of PD (NCT05083260) that completed in December 2022, was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics study in PD participants treated with carbidopa/levodopa and bezisterim. Forty-five patients with a defined L-dopa “off state” were randomized 1:1 to placebo: bezisterim 20 mg twice daily for 28 days. This trial was launched with two design objectives: 1) the primary objective was safety and a drug-drug interaction study as requested by the FDA to measure the potential for adverse interactions of bezisterim with carbidopa/ levodopa; and 2) the secondary objective was to determine if preclinical indications of promotoric activity and apparent enhancement of levodopa activity could be seen in humans. Both objectives were met.
Long COVID Program
Long COVID is a condition in which symptoms of COVID-19, the acute respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, persist for an extended period, generally three months or more. Common symptoms include lingering loss of smell and taste, extreme fatigue, and “brain fog,” though persistent cardiovascular and respiratory problems, muscle weakness, and neurologic issues have also been documented.
In April 2024, the Company was awarded a clinical trial grant of $13.1 million from the U.S. Department of Defense (“DOD”), awarded through the Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs. In August 2024, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of Human Research Oversight (“OHRO”) approved the Company’s plan to evaluate bezisterim for the treatment of neurological symptoms that are associated with long COVID and the FDA authorized our Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application for bezisterim allowing the Company to study a novel, anti-inflammatory approach or the treatment of the debilitating neurocognitive symptoms associated with long COVID.
F-7
The Phase 2 ADDRESS-LC study is a randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of bezisterim in adult participants with long COVID who have cognitive impairment sequelae and fatigue. Individuals who have been diagnosed with long COVID and have neurocognitive dysfunction and self-reported fatigue may meet qualification criteria.
The trial commenced in May 2025. As of June 30, 2025, the total cost incurred was approximately $5.3 million and as of August 4, 2025 approximately $5.3 million was reimbursed.
Alzheimer’s Disease
On November 29, 2023, the Company announced the analysis of its unblinded, topline efficacy data from its Phase 3 clinical trial (NCT04669028) of bezisterim in the treatment of mild to moderate AD. The study had co-primary endpoints looking at cognition using the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Scale (ADAS-Cog 12) and function using the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). Patients were randomly assigned, 1:1 versus placebo, to receive sequentially 5 mg of bezisterim orally twice a day for 14 days, then 10 mg orally twice a day for 14 days, followed by 26 weeks of 20 mg orally twice daily.
Upon trial completion, as the Company began the process of unblinding the trial data, the Company found significant deviation from protocol and current good clinical practices (“cGCPs”) violations at 15 study sites (virtually all of which were from one geographic area). This highly unusual level of suspected improprieties led the Company to exclude all patients from these sites and to refer the sites to the FDA Office of Scientific Investigations (“OSI”) for potential further action. After the patient exclusions, 81 patients remained in the Modified Intent to Treat population, 57 of whom were in the Per-Protocol population which included those who completed the trial and were verified to take study drug from pharmacokinetic data.
The trial was originally designed to be 80% powered with 125 patients in each of the treatment and placebo arms. The unplanned exclusion of so many patients left the trial underpowered for the primary endpoints. In the Per-Protocol population, which included those patients who completed the trial and who were further verified to have taken the study drug (based on pharmacokinetic data), an observed descriptive change from baseline appeared to suggest a slowing of cognitive loss; these same patients experienced an advantage in age deceleration vs. placebo as measured by DNA epigenetic change. Age deceleration is used by longevity researchers to measure the difference between the patient’s biological age, in this case as measured by the Horvath DNA methylation Skin Blood Clock, relative to the patient’s actual chronological age. This test was a non-primary/secondary endpoint, other-outcome measure, done via blood test collected at week 30 (end of study). Additional DNA methylation data continues to be collected and analyzed.
Liver Cirrhosis Program
In liver disease, our investigational drug candidate BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin), which was granted both FDA Fast Track designation status and FDA Orphan Drug Status, is being evaluated as a treatment option for patients suffering from ascites and other life-threatening complications of advanced liver cirrhosis caused by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatitis, and alcoholism. The initial target for BIV201 therapy was refractory ascites. These patients suffer from frequent life-threatening complications, generate more than $5 billion in annual treatment costs, and have an estimated 50% mortality rate within 6 to 12 months.
After receiving guidance from the FDA regarding the design of Phase 3 clinical testing of BIV201 for the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites, the Company is now targeting a broader ascites patient population. The Company is currently finalizing the protocol design for the Phase 3 study of BIV201 with a focus on demonstrating clinical benefit through a composite primary endpoint of complications and disease progression in patients with cirrhosis and ascites who have recently recovered from acute kidney injury (“AKI”). This patient population is not limited to those having refractory ascites. Ascites is a common complication of advanced liver cirrhosis involving the accumulation of large volumes of fluid in the abdomen, often exceeding five liters, due to liver and kidney dysfunction. BIV201 is administered in a continuous infusion of terlipressin as a patent-pending liquid formulation with patents issued in the U.S., China, Japan, Chile and India to date. Terlipressin, the drug is used in over 40 countries to treat related complications of liver cirrhosis (Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome and bleeding esophageal varices) that was approved in the U.S. in 2022 (to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome with rapid reduction in kidney function) but is not approved in Japan.
The BIV201 development program was initiated by LAT Pharma LLC. On April 11, 2016, BioVie acquired LAT Pharma LLC and the rights to its BIV201 development program and currently owns all development and marketing rights to this drug candidate. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger entered into on April 11, 2016, between predecessor entities, LAT Pharma LLC and NanoAntibiotics, Inc., BioVie is obligated to pay a low single digit royalty on net sales of BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) to be shared among LAT Pharma Members, PharmaIn Corporation, and The Barrett Edge, Inc. Pursuant to the separation agreement to be entered into between the Company and BioVie, the Company will assume the royalty agreement and will be obligated to pay 5.0% on net sales of BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) to be shared among LAT Pharma Members, PharmaIn Corporation, and The Barrett Edge, Inc.
F-8
| 2. | Liquidity and Going Concern |
The Company’s operations are subject to
a number of factors that can affect its operating results and financial conditions. Such factors include, but are not limited to: the
results of clinical testing and trial activities of the Company’s products, the Company’s ability to obtain regulatory approval
to market its products; competition from products manufactured and sold or being developed by other companies; the price of, and demand
for, Company products; the Company’s ability to negotiate favorable licensing or other manufacturing and marketing agreements for
its products; and the Company’s ability to raise capital. The Company’s financial statements have been prepared assuming the
Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal
course of business. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had working capital of approximately $
The future viability of the Company is largely dependent upon its ability to raise additional capital to finance its operations. Management expects that future sources of funding may include sales of equity, obtaining loans, or other strategic transactions.
Although management continues to pursue the Company’s strategic plans, there is no assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining sufficient financing on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all, to fund continuing operations. These circumstances raise substantial doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
| 3. | Significant Accounting Policies |
Basis of Presentation
The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented.
Reverse stock split up
The Company effected a
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The amounts of assets and liabilities reported in the Company’s balance sheets and the amounts of expenses reported for each of the periods presented in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss are affected by estimates and assumptions, which are used for, but not limited to, accounting for clinical accruals, share-based compensation, assumptions used in recording leases, the inputs used in the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets in connection with impairment testing and accounting for income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash deposits and money market funds held at a bank and funds held in a brokerage account which included a U.S. treasury money market fund and U.S. Treasury Bills with original maturities of three months or less.
Investments in U.S. Treasury Bills
Investments in U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities greater than three months, are accounted for as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains were included in other comprehensive income in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Concentration of Credit Risk in the Financial Service Industry
As of June 30, 2025, the Company had cash deposited in a certain financial institution in excess of federally insured levels. The Company regularly monitors the financial stability of these financial institutions and believes that it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents. However, if liquidity and financial stability concerns arise with respect to banks and financial institutions, either nationally or in specific regions, the Company’s ability to access cash or enter into new financing arrangements may be threatened, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
F-9
Fair value measurement of assets and liabilities
We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability and establishes that the fair value of an asset or liability shall be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs based on our assumptions.
The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts payable, the carrying value of the operating lease liabilities and notes payable. The carrying amounts of cash and accounts payable approximate their fair value, due to the short-term nature of these items. The carrying amounts of notes payable and operating lease liabilities approximate their fair values since they bear interest at rates which approximate market rates for similar debt instruments.
Prepaid and other assets
Prepaid and other assets consist of prepayments of certain expenses such as cost related to capital raise activities; and a security deposit paid in connection with a lease agreement.
Leases
The Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion on our balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, an incremental borrowing rate is used based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company does not include options to extend or terminate the lease term in its calculation unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise any such options. Rent expense is recognized under the operating leases on a straight-line basis. The Company does not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases, which have a lease term of 12 months or less at inception, and instead will recognize lease payments as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs associated with the preclinical and/or clinical trials of drug candidates, compensation and other expenses for research and development, personnel, supplies and development materials, costs for consultants and related contracted research costs.
Income Taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Deferred income taxes are measured by applying enacted statutory rates to net operating loss carryforwards and to the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced, by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company decided to apply a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the continuing losses.
The Company recognizes uncertainty in income taxes in the financial statements using a recognition threshold and measurement attribute of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company applies the “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold to all tax positions, commencing at the adoption date of the applicable accounting guidance, which resulted in no unrecognized tax benefits as of such date. Additionally, there have been no unrecognized tax benefits subsequent to adoption. The Company has opted to classify interest and penalties that would accrue, if any, according to the provisions of relevant tax law as general and administrative expenses, in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. For the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there was no such interest or penalties.
F-10
Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to Common Stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to Common Stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding and potentially outstanding shares of Common Stock during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through stock options, warrants, and convertible debentures. For the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, such amounts were excluded from the diluted loss since their effect was considered anti-dilutive due to the net loss for the periods presented.
The table below shows the potential shares of common stock, presented based on amounts outstanding at each year end, that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:
| Schedule of dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Number of Shares | Number of Shares | |||||||
| Stock Options | ||||||||
| Warrants | ||||||||
| Restricted Stock Units | ||||||||
| Notes payable conversion option | ||||||||
Stock-based Compensation
The Company has accounted for stock-based compensation under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718 – “Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”) which requires the use of the fair-value based method to determine compensation for all arrangements under which employees and others receive shares of stock or equity instruments (stock options and Common Stock purchase warrants). For employees and non-employees awards, the fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model that uses assumptions for expected volatility, expected dividends, expected term, and the risk-free interest rate, and is generally recognized as an expense over the requisite service period, net of forfeitures which are recorded as they occur. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of peer companies and other factors estimated over the expected term of the stock options. For employee and non-employee awards, the expected term of options granted is derived using the “simplified method” which computes expected term as the average of the sum of the vesting term plus the contract term. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the period of the expected term. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.
Goodwill
Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill and further periodic tests to the extent indicators of impairment develop between annual impairment tests. The Company’s impairment review process compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including the goodwill related to the reporting unit. To determine the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company may use various approaches including an asset or cost approach, market approach or income approach or any combination thereof. These approaches may require the Company to make certain estimates and assumptions including future cash flows, revenue and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are reviewed each time the Company tests goodwill for impairment and are typically developed as part of the Company’s routine business planning and forecasting process. While the Company believes its estimates and assumptions are reasonable, variations from those estimates could produce materially different results. The Company did not recognize any goodwill impairments for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
F-11
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, including intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset.
If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its undiscounted estimated future cash flows, an impairment review is performed. An impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Generally, fair value is determined using valuation techniques such as expected discounted cash flows or appraisals, as appropriate. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated or amortized. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheets. The Company did not recognize any long-lived asset impairments for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Grant program
The Company records expenses related to the DOD Long Covid Program as such expenses are incurred. The reimbursement of such expenses is recognized upon receipt of the reimbursement, or when it is probable the reimbursement will be received, as a credit against the respective expense account.
Segment Reporting
The Company operates as one operating segment with a focus on its efforts to develop drug therapies for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and advanced liver disease. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), as the chief operating decision maker, manages and allocates resources to the operations of the Company based on the line items included within these financial statements. This enables the CEO to assess the overall level of available resources and determine how best to deploy these resources across functions, clinical trials, and development projects in line with the long-term company-wide strategic goals.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU’s”).
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements in Income Tax Disclosures" to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This amendment requires public companies to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Additionally, under the amendment entities are required to disclose the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes, as well as disaggregated by material individual jurisdictions. Finally, the amendment requires entities to disclose income from continuing operations before income tax expense disaggregated between domestic and foreign and income tax expense from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign. The new rules are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The standard will be adopted on a prospective basis and is not expected to have a material impact to our financial statements or disclosures.
ASU 2023-07: Segment Reporting Topic 280 - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This update requires expanded annual and interim disclosures for significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 in the current fiscal year.
F-12
| 4. | Intangible Assets |
The Company’s intangible assets consist of intellectual property acquired from LAT Pharma, Inc. and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The following is a summary of the intangible assets as of June 30, 2025 and 2024:
| Schedule of intangible assets | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Intellectual Property | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: Accumulated Amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Intellectual Property, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Amortization expense amounted to $
| 5. | Related Party Transactions |
Equity Transactions with Acuitas
On July 15, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC (“Acuitas”), the Company’s largest stockholder, pursuant to which Acuitas agreed to purchase from the Company, in a private placement, (i) an aggregate of shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at a price of $165.00 per share (the “PIPE Shares”), and (ii) a warrant to purchase 72,728 shares of Common Stock (“PIPE Warrant Shares”), at an original exercise price of $182.00, with a term of exercise of five years.
As results of the Company’s capital raises
further described in Note 8, the warrants’ down round features (the “rachet adjustment”) resulted in deemed dividends
of $
For the year ended June 30, 2024, the deemed dividend
of $886,423 recognized from the rachet adjustment resulting from the March 6, 2024 capital raise, reduced the exercise price to $100 per
share. The fair value of the PIPE Warrant Shares was estimated using the Black Scholes Method with the following inputs, the stock price
of $, exercise price of $
For the year ended June 30, 2025, the deemed dividend
of $369,465 was recognized based on rachet adjustments from the September 25, 2024 and October 22, 2024 capital raises, that reduced the
exercise prices to $15.30 per share and $13.70 per share, respectively. The fair value of the PIPE Warrant Shares were estimated using
the Black Scholes Method with the following inputs at September 2024, the stock price of $, exercise price of $
Consulting expenses
During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company paid a Director of the Company $50,000 for consulting services which are reflected as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
| 6. | Notes Payable |
On November 30, 2021 (the “Closing Date”),
the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement and the Supplement to the Loan and Security Agreement and Promissory Notes (together,
the “Loan Agreement”) with Avenue Venture Opportunities Fund, L.P. (“AVOPI”) and Avenue Venture Opportunities
Fund II, L.P. (“AVOPII,” and together with AVOPI, “Avenue”) for growth capital loans in an aggregate commitment
amount of up to $20 million (the “Loan”). On the Closing Date, $15 million of the Loan was funded (“Tranche 1”).
The Loan bore interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of (a) the sum of
F-13
The Loan Agreement included a conversion option to convert up to $5.0 million of the principal amount of the Loan outstanding at the option of Avenue, into shares of the Company’s Common Stock at a conversion price of $698.00 per share (the “Conversion Option”).
On the Closing Date, the Company also issued to Avenue warrants to purchase 3,611 shares of Common Stock of the Company (the “Avenue Warrants”) at an exercise price per share equal to $582.00. The Avenue Warrants are exercisable until November 30, 2026.
The amount of the carrying value of the notes
payable was determined by allocating portions of the outstanding principal of the notes, resulting in approximately $
Total interest expense associated with the Loan was approximately $
Total interest expense for the year ended June
30, 2024 was approximately $
The following is a summary of the Notes Payable as of June 30, 2025 and 2024:
| Schedule of note payable | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Current portion of Notes Payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: debt financing costs | ( | ) | ||||||
| Less: unearned discount | ( | ) | ||||||
| Plus: accretion of Loan Premium | ||||||||
| Current portion of Notes Payable, net of financing costs, unearned premium and discount | $ | $ | ||||||
F-14
| 7. | Fair Value Measurements |
At June 30, 2025, there was no value ascribed to the derivative liabilities and as of June 30, 2024 the derivative liability related to warrants that was measured on a recurring basis was a level 3 liability and totaled $3,771.
The following table presents the activity for level 3 liabilities measured at fair value using unobservable inputs for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
| Schedule of derivative liabilities at fair value | ||||||||
| Derivative liability - Avenue Warrants | Derivative liability - Conversion Option | |||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||
| Additions to level 3 liabilities | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of level 3 liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Transfer in and/or out of level 3 | ||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||
| Additions to level 3 liabilities | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of level 3 liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Transfer in and/or out of Level 3 | ||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||
The fair values of derivative liabilities for
the Avenue Warrants and Conversion Option at June 30, 2024 in the accompanying balance sheet, were approximately $3,800 and zero, respectively.
The total change in the fair value of the derivative liabilities totaled approximately $
The assumptions used in the Black Scholes model to value the Avenue Warrants at June 30, 2025 included the closing stock price of $ per share; the exercise price of $, remaining term years, risk free rate of and volatility of .
The Conversion Option was nil as of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 as the corresponding debt matured and was repaid in December 2024.
The assumptions used in the Black Scholes model to value the derivative liabilities at June 30, 2024 included the closing stock price of $ per share; for the Avenue Warrants, the exercise price of $, remaining term years, risk free rate of and volatility of ; and for the Conversion Option, the conversion price of $; remaining term of months, risk free rate of and volatility of .
Financial assets
As of June 30, 2025, investments in U.S. Treasury Bills were valued through use of quoted prices and are classified as Level 1. The following table presents information about our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories.
F-15
| Measured at fair value on a recurring basis | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements at | ||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury Bills due in 3 months or less at purchase | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements at | ||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury Bills due in 3 months or less at purchase | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| 8. | Equity Transactions |
Issuance of common stock for cash
On August 31, 2022, the Company entered into a
Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and B. Riley Securities,
Inc. (collectively, the “Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time-to-time shares of the Company’s
common stock through the Agents, subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement. On April 6, 2023, the Company and B. Riley
Securities, Inc. mutually agreed to terminate B. Riley Securities, Inc.’s role as a sales agent under the Sales Agreement. During
the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company sold shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement for total net proceeds of approximately
$
On March 6, 2024, the Company closed a best efforts
public offering (the “Offering”) of shares (the “Shares”) of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
(the “Common Stock”), pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-funded Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock,
and warrants to purchase up to shares of Common Stock (the “Common Warrants”) at a combined public offering price
of $ per Share, or Pre-funded Warrant, and the associated Common Warrant. The Common Warrants
have an exercise price of $
On September 25, 2024, the Company closed a best
efforts public offering (the “September 2024 Offering”) of shares of its common stock, par value $ per share,
pre-funded warrants (the “September Pre-funded Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock, and warrants to purchase
up to shares of Common Stock (the “September Common Warrants”) at a combined public offering price of $
F-16
In October 2024, the Company closed three registered
direct offerings totaling shares of its common stock, par value $ per share, and two concurrent private placements of warrants
to purchase up to
During the year ended June 30, 2025,
Issuance of common stock for services
On May 10, 2024, the Company awarded shares of Common Stock to a vendor as part of their fees in exchange for services. The fair value of the Common Stock at the date of issuance was $ per share. The stock-based compensation expense related to this Common Stock issuance was $for the year ended June 30, 2024.
On August 12, 2024, the Company awarded shares of Common Stock to a vendor as part of their fees in exchange for services. The fair value of the Common Stock at the date of issuance was $ per share. The stock-based compensation expense related to this Common Stock issuance was $ for the year ended June 30, 2025.
On April 24, 2025, the Company awarded shares of Common Stock to a vendor as part of their fees in exchange for services. The fair value of the Common Stock at the date of issuance was $ per share. The stock-based compensation expense related to this Common Stock issuance was $ for the year ended June 30, 2025.
Stock Options
The following table summarizes the activity relating to the Company’s stock options for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
| Schedule of summarizes the activity relating to the Company’s stock options | ||||||||||||||||
| Options | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Weighted Remaining Average Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding at June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||||||
| Options Expired | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Options Canceled | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding at June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Options Granted | - | |||||||||||||||
| Options Expired | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Options Canceled | ) | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding at June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
F-17
The fair value of each option grant on the date of grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes model. The following weighted-average assumptions were utilized for the years ended:
| Schedule of assumptions used | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Expected life of options (in years) | ||||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Risk free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
| Dividend Yield | % | % | ||||||
On October 3, 2023, the Company granted stock
options to purchase
In June 2024, the Company granted stock options
to purchase
On December 20, 2024, the Company granted to employees
and directors stock options to purchase
The Company recorded stock based compensation expense relating to the vesting of stock options of approximately $ million and $ million for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Issuance and modification of restricted stock units, restricted shares and stock options:
On November 9, 2023, the Company granted equity
awards for the board of directors’ annual compensation. Four directors received
In December 2023, the Company terminated five employees and as part of their severance agreement modified their equity awards that had been granted pursuant to the 2019 Omnibus Plan. The modifications included the acceleration of certain stock option awards to purchase a total of 563 shares of common stock (“Accelerated Options”), effective on the December Separation Date, as defined in severance agreement (“Separation Date”), and extended the expiration date for one year from the Separation Date for both the Accelerated Options and any vested and unexercised stock options held by the terminated employees as of the Separation Date. Accordingly, the Company remeasured the Accelerated Options based on the stock price of $154.00 per share at the close on the Separation Date and a one-year extension of the term. The net adjustment for the modification was a net credit of $127,199 and was recognized as an adjustment to stock compensation expense during the year ended June 30, 2024.
Additionally, 103 vesting RSUs were accelerated as of the Separation date. The modified RSUs were remeasured based on the stock price of $154.00 per share at close on the Separation Date and $15,865, was recorded to additional in stock-based compensation for the year ended June 30, 2024 as a result of the modification.
F-18
On the Separation date, December 2023, the Company canceled 1,840 unvested stock options and 103 unvested RSUs. Additionally, the Company canceled an additional 1,342 unvested stock options for employees that voluntarily left the company.
On June 24, 2024, the Company granted a total
of
On November 20, 2024, the Company granted equity
awards as part of the board of directors’ annual compensation. Two directors received
On January 1, 2025, the Company awarded
shares of restricted common stock as part of a service agreement to a vendor. The restricted common shares fully vest on the first anniversary
of the effective date. The total cost of the award was based on $ per share as of the date of the award and related stock-based compensation
expense for the year ended June 30, 2025 was $
On January 21, 2025, the Company granted a total
of
The following table summarizes vesting of restricted stock units:
| Schedule of vested of restricted stock units | ||||||||
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share | |||||||
| Unvested at June 30, 2023 | $ | |||||||
| Issued | ||||||||
| Vested | ) | |||||||
| Canceled | ) | |||||||
| Unvested at June 30, 2024 | $ | |||||||
| Issued | ||||||||
| Vested | ) | |||||||
| Canceled | ) | |||||||
| Unvested at June 30, 2025 | $ | |||||||
The total stock-based compensation expense from restricted stock units and restricted shares for the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $ million and $ million, respectively.
F-19
Stock Warrants
The following table summarizes the warrants activity during the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
| Summary of warrants activity | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | .00 | |||||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Expired | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The table below shows the expiration of the warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2025:
| Schedule of warrants outstanding | ||||
| Number of Warrants | ||||
| Expiring June 30, | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| 2030 | ||||
| Total outstanding warrants | ||||
| 9. | Leases |
Office Leases
The Company pays an annual rent of $
The Company’s San Diego office lease at
5090 Shoreham Place Suite 212, San Diego, CA 92122 which commenced on March 1, 2022, was for a term of
F-20
Total operating lease expense for the years ended
June 30, 2025 and 2024 of approximately $
The right-of-use asset, net and current and non-current portion of the operating lease liabilities included in the accompanying balance sheets are as follows:
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liability | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease liability, net of current portion | ||||||||
| Total operating lease liability | $ | $ | ||||||
At June 30, 2025, the future estimated minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:
| Schedule of future estimated minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases | ||||
| Year ending June 30 | ||||
| 2026 | $ | |||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| Total minimum lease payments | ||||
| Less amount representing interest | ( | ) | ||
| Present value of future minimum lease payments | ||||
Total cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
were $
The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (Years) | ||||||||
| Operating lease | ||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | ||||||||
| Operating lease | % | % | ||||||
F-21
| 10. | Commitments and Contingencies |
Royalty Agreements
Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger entered into on April 11, 2016, by and between our predecessor entities, LAT Pharma and NanoAntibiotics, Inc., the Company is obligated to pay a low single digit royalty on net sales of BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) to be shared by the members of LAT Pharma Members, PharmaIn Corporation, and The Barrett Edge, Inc.
Pursuant to the Technology Transfer Agreement entered into on July 25, 2016, by and between the Company and the University of Padova (Italy), the Company is obligated to pay a low single digit royalty on net sales of all terlipressin products covered by US patent no. 9,655,645 and any future foreign issuances, capped at a maximum of $200,000 per year.
Shareholder class action complaint and shareholder derivative complaints
On January 19, 2024, a purported shareholder class action complaint, captioned Eric Olmstead v. BioVie Inc. et al., No. 3:24-cv-00035, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada, naming the Company and certain of its officers as defendants. On February 22, 2024, a second, related putative securities class action was filed in the same court asserting similar claims against the same defendants, captioned Way v. BioVie Inc. et al., No. 2:24-cv-00361. On April 15, 2024, the court consolidated these two actions under the caption In re BioVie Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 3:24-cv-00035, appointed the lead plaintiff, and approved selection of the lead counsel. On June 21, 2024, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, alleging that the defendants made material misrepresentations and/or omissions of material fact relating to the Company’s business, operations, compliance, and prospects, including information related to the NM101 Phase 3 study and trial of bezisterim (NE3107) in mild to moderate probable AD, in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The class action is on behalf of purchasers of the Company’s securities during the period from December 7, 2022 through November 28, 2023, and seeks unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the putative class and an award of costs and expenses, including attorney’s fees. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on August 21, 2024, and that motion was fully briefed as of December 5, 2024. On March 27, 2025, the court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss, and the parties are now engaged in the early stages of fact discovery.
On December 30, 2024, a shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada by putative stockholder Andrew Hulm, allegedly on behalf of the Company, that piggy-backs on the securities class action also pending in that court. The derivative complaint names certain current and former officers and directors as defendants, and generally alleges that they breached their fiduciary duties by causing or failing to prevent the securities violations alleged in the securities class action. The derivative complaint also alleges claims for unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, gross mismanagement, and abuse of control as against all defendants. On March 18, 2025, the court ordered the Hulm derivative lawsuit stayed, pending resolution of the motion to dismiss the securities class action described above.
On April 28, 2025, a second shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada by putative stockholder William Settel, allegedly on behalf of the Company, that likewise piggy-backs on the securities class action. The Settel derivative complaint alleges essentially the same claims as the Hulm derivative action against the same defendants based on the same alleged conduct.
The Company believes that the claims are without merit and intends to defend vigorously against them, but there can be no assurances as to the outcome.
| 11. | Employee Benefit Plan |
On August 1, 2021, the Company began sponsoring an employee benefit plan subject to Section 401(K) of the Internal Revenue Service Code (the “401K Plan”) pursuant to which, all employees meeting eligibility requirements are able to participate.
Subject to certain limitations in the Internal Revenue Code, eligible
employees are permitted to make contributions to the 401K Plan on a pre-tax salary reduction basis and the Company will match 5% of the
first 5% of an employee’s contributions to the 401K Plan. The Company made contributions into the plan of approximately $
F-22
| 12. | Income Taxes |
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:
| Schedule of deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets (liabilities): | ||||||||
| Tax loss carryforward | $ | $ | ||||||
| Intangible assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Stock based compensation | ||||||||
| R&D capitalized | ||||||||
| Valuation Allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | $ | ||||||
At June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company has recorded a full valuation
against its net deferred tax assets of approximately $
At June 30, 2025, the Company had a Net Operating
Loss (“NOL”) carryforward of approximately $
The Company has no current tax expense due to its net losses and a full valuation allowance.
Reconciliation of the differences between income tax benefit computed at the federal and state statutory tax rates and the provision for income tax benefit for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:
| Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Income tax expense at federal statutory rate | % | % | ||||||
| State taxes, net of federal benefit | % | % | ||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | ( | %) | ( | %) | ||||
| Effective tax rate | ||||||||
On July 4, 2025, the U.S. enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “Act”), which contains a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses. The Company is currently evaluating the full effects of the Act and does not anticipate a material impact on the financial statements.
| 13. | Segment Reporting |
The Company operates as one operating segment with a focus on its efforts to develop drug therapies for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and advanced liver disease. The Company’s CEO, as the chief operating decision maker, manages and allocates resources to the operations of the Company based on the line items included within these financial statements and segment performance is evaluated based on net loss. This enables the CEO to assess the overall level of available resources and determine how best to deploy these resources across functions, clinical trials, and development projects in line with the long-term company-wide strategic goals. The measurement of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total assets. All of the Company’s tangible assets are held in the United States.
The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment and its significant segment expenses for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
| For the Year Ended | For the Year Ended | |||||||
| June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Clinical studies | $ | $ | ||||||
| Clinical teams | ||||||||
| Chemistry, manufacturing and controls | 834,000 | 2,066,000 | ||||||
| Other research and development expenses | ||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | ||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | | | ||||||
Other income, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
F-23
| 14. | Subsequent Events |
On
August 11, 2025, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of (i) units (the “Units”), with each Unit
consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant (the “Warrants”) and (ii)
F-24
BioVie Inc.
Condensed Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
| March 31, | June 30, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Grant receivable | ||||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liability | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability, net of current portion | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock; $ par value; shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value; shares authorized at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025; shares issued of which shares outstanding at March 31, 2026; and shares issued of which shares are outstanding at June 30, 2025 | ||||||||
| Additional paid in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Treasury stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed financial statements
F-25
BioVie Inc.
Condensed Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | March 31, 2025 | March 31, 2026 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES: | ||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||
| LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE: | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| TOTAL OTHER INCOME, NET | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| NET LOSS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Deemed dividend related to ratchet adjustment to warrants | ||||||||||||||||
| NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE | ||||||||||||||||
| - Basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| - Diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING | ||||||||||||||||
| - Basic | ||||||||||||||||
| - Diluted | ||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed financial statements
F-26
BioVie Inc.
Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Common Stock | Paid in | Treasury Stock | Treasury Stock | Comprehensive | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Shares | Amount | Income | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from vesting of - restricted stock units | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - issuance of common stock for services rendered | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of costs of $747,408 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of additional shares for fractional shares effected by the reverse split | ( | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deemed dividend for ratchet adjustment to warrants | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from vesting of - restricted stock units | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of warrants | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cashless exercise of warrants | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of costs of $2,492,880 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deemed dividend for ratchet adjustment to warrants | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units and restricted shares | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from vesting of - restricted stock units | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock - based compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units and restricted shares | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of costs of $1,543,038 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deemed dividend for ratchet adjustment to warrants | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock - based compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units and restricted shares | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock - based compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units and restricted shares | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed financial statements
F-27
BioVie Inc.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||
| March 31, 2026 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation - restricted stock units and restricted shares | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation expense - stock options | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation expense - issuance of common stock for services rendered | ||||||||
| Amortization of financing costs | ||||||||
| Accretion of unearned loan discount | ||||||||
| Accretion of loan premium | ||||||||
| Non-cash lease expense from right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Grant receivable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | ||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of warrants | ||||||||
| Payment of loan premium | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payment of loan premium | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Deemed dividend for ratchet adjustment to warrants | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed financial statements
F-28
BioVie Inc.
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements
For the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025
(unaudited)
| 1. | Background Information |
BioVie Inc. (the “Company” or “we” or “our”) is a clinical-stage company developing innovative drug therapies for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and advanced liver disease.
Neurodegenerative Disease Programs
The Company acquired the biopharmaceutical assets of NeurMedix, Inc. (“NeurMedix”) a privately held clinical-stage pharmaceutical company and a related party in June 2021. The acquired assets included NE3107 (or “bezisterim”). Bezisterim, the approved generic name for NE3107 is an investigational, novel, orally administered small molecule that is thought to inhibit inflammation-driven insulin resistance and major pathological inflammatory cascades with a novel mechanism of action. There is emerging scientific consensus that both inflammation and insulin resistance may play fundamental roles in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (“AD”) and Parkinson’s disease (“PD”), and bezisterim could, if approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), represent an entirely new medical approach to treating these devastating conditions affecting an estimated 6 million Americans suffering from AD, 1 million Americans suffering from PD, and approximately 20 million adults in the US suffering from Long COVID, with millions more affected worldwide.
With respect to the mechanism of action, we believe Bezisterim inhibits activation of inflammatory action extracellular single regulated kinase (“ERK”) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (“NFκB”) (including interactions with tumor necrosis factor (“TNF”) signaling and other relevant inflammatory pathways) that lead to neuroinflammation and insulin resistance. By binding to ERK and selectively modulating NFκB activation and TNF-α production without interfering with their homeostatic functions, we believe that bezisterim may offer clinical improvements in several disease indications, including PD, AD and long COVID.
Parkinson’s Disease
The Company is conducting a Phase 2b clinical trial of bezisterim as a potential first-line therapy for patients with newly diagnosed PD. The trial is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bezisterim on motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with PD who have not been treated with carbidopa/levodopa. The Phase 2b study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a hybrid decentralized design, and is expected to span approximately 20 weeks from initial screening through safety follow-up for each participant. The trial commenced in April 2025 and completed enrollment of 60 patients in December 2025. The Company currently expects to report topline results from the trial in mid-year 2026, although the timing of results is subject to change and there can be no assurance that the trial will yield favorable results or support further development.
The Phase 2 study of bezisterim for the treatment of PD (NCT05083260) that we completed in December 2022, was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics study in PD participants treated with carbidopa/levodopa and bezisterim. Forty-five patients with a defined L-dopa “off state” were randomized 1:1 to placebo: bezisterim 20 mg twice daily for 28 days. This trial was launched with two design objectives: 1) the primary objective was safety and a drug-drug interaction study as requested by the FDA to measure the potential for adverse interactions of bezisterim with carbidopa/ levodopa; and 2) the secondary objective was to determine if preclinical indications of promotoric activity and apparent enhancement of levodopa activity could be seen in humans. Both objectives were met.
Long COVID Program
Long COVID is a condition in which symptoms of COVID-19, the acute respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, persist for an extended period, generally three months or more. Common symptoms include lingering loss of smell and taste, extreme fatigue, and “brain fog,” though persistent cardiovascular and respiratory problems, muscle weakness, and neurologic issues have also been documented.
F-29
In April 2024, the Company was awarded a clinical trial grant of $13.1 million from the U.S. Department of Defense (“DOD”), awarded through the Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs. In August 2024, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of Human Research Oversight (“OHRO”) approved the Company’s plan to evaluate bezisterim for the treatment of neurological symptoms that are associated with long COVID and the FDA authorized our Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application for bezisterim allowing the Company to study a novel, anti-inflammatory approach for the treatment of the debilitating neurocognitive symptoms associated with long COVID.
The Phase 2 ADDRESS-LC study is a randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of bezisterim in adult participants with long COVID who have cognitive impairment sequelae and fatigue. Individuals who have been diagnosed with long COVID and have neurocognitive dysfunction and self-reported fatigue may meet qualification criteria.
As of March 31, 2026, the total cost incurred
was approximately $
Alzheimer’s Disease
In AD, BioVie has conducted both Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials. Preliminary data from these trials suggest improvements in cognition and biomarkers, supporting further trials to evaluate its potential as a therapy for the six million Americans living with AD.
Liver Cirrhosis Program
In liver disease, our investigational drug candidate BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) was granted both FDA Fast Track status and FDA Orphan Drug designation for ascites (due to all etiologies except cancer), which is the most common complication related to liver cirrhosis and represents a significant unmet medical need. BIV201 is being evaluated as a treatment option for patients suffering from life-threatening complications of liver cirrhosis and ascites due to hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholism. U.S. treatment costs for liver cirrhosis, including ascites and other complications, are estimated at more than $5 billion annually and have an estimated 50% mortality rate within 6 to 12 months.
F-30
After receiving guidance from the FDA regarding the design of Phase 3 clinical testing of BIV201 for the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites, the Company is now targeting a broader ascites patient population. The Company is currently finalizing the protocol design for the Phase 3 study of BIV201 with a focus on demonstrating clinical benefit through a composite primary endpoint of complications and disease progression in patients with cirrhosis and ascites who have recently recovered from acute kidney injury (“AKI”). Ascites is a common complication of advanced liver cirrhosis involving the accumulation of large volumes of fluid in the abdomen, often exceeding five liters, due to liver and kidney dysfunction. BIV201 is administered in a continuous infusion of terlipressin as a patent-pending liquid formulation with patents issued in the U.S., China, Japan, Chile and India to date. Terlipressin is used in over 40 countries to treat complications of liver cirrhosis, including Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome and bleeding esophageal varices, and was approved in the U.S. in 2022 to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome experiencing a rapid reduction in kidney function; it is not currently approved in Japan.
The BIV201 development program was initiated by LAT Pharma LLC. On April 11, 2016, BioVie acquired LAT Pharma LLC and the rights to its BIV201 development program and currently owns all development and marketing rights to this drug candidate. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger entered into on April 11, 2016, between predecessor entities, LAT Pharma LLC and NanoAntibiotics, Inc., BioVie is obligated to pay a low single digit royalty on net sales of BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) to be shared among LAT Pharma Members, PharmaIn Corporation, and The Barrett Edge, Inc.
| 2. | Liquidity and Going Concern |
The Company’s operations are subject to
a number of factors that can affect its operating results and financial conditions. Such factors include, but are not limited to: the
results of clinical testing and trial activities of the Company’s products, the Company’s ability to obtain regulatory approval
to market its products; competition from products manufactured and sold or being developed by other companies; the price of, and demand
for, Company products; the Company’s ability to negotiate favorable licensing or other manufacturing and marketing agreements for
its products; and the Company’s ability to raise capital. The Company’s financial statements have been prepared assuming the
Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal
course of business. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had working capital of approximately $
The future viability of the Company is largely dependent upon its ability to raise additional capital to finance its operations. Management expects that future sources of funding may include sales of equity, obtaining loans, or other strategic transactions.
Although management continues to pursue the Company’s strategic plans, there is no assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining sufficient financing on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all, to fund continuing operations. These circumstances raise substantial doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
| 3. | Significant Accounting Policies |
Basis of Presentation – Interim Financial Information
These unaudited interim condensed financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for Interim Reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed financial statements furnished reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) that are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. The condensed balance sheet at June 30, 2025, was derived from audited annual financial statements but does not contain all the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on August 15, 2025 (the “2025 Form 10-K”). A summary of significant accounting policies can also be found in those audited financial statements in the 2025 Form 10-K.
F-31
Reverse stock split
The Company effected a
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash deposits and money market funds held at a bank and funds held in a brokerage account which included a U.S. treasury money market fund and U.S. Treasury Bills with original maturities of three months or less.
Concentration of Credit Risk in the Financial Service Industry
As of March 31, 2026, the Company had cash deposited in a certain financial institution in excess of federally insured levels. The Company regularly monitors the financial stability of these financial institutions and believes that it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents. However, if liquidity and financial stability concerns arise with respect to banks and financial institutions, either nationally or in specific regions, the Company’s ability to access cash or enter into new financing arrangements may be threatened, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Fair value measurement of assets and liabilities
We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability and establishes that the fair value of an asset or liability shall be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs based on our assumptions.
The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts payable, and the carrying value of the operating lease liabilities. The carrying amounts of cash and accounts payable approximate their fair value, due to the short-term nature of these items. The carrying amounts of operating lease liabilities approximate their fair values since they bear interest at rates which approximate market rates for similar debt instruments.
Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to Common Stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to Common Stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding and potentially outstanding shares of Common Stock during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through stock options, warrants, restricted stock units, and convertible debentures. For the three and nine months ending March 31, 2026 and 2025, such amounts were excluded from the diluted loss since their effect was considered anti-dilutive due to the net loss for the periods presented.
The weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 of and , respectively, includes the weighted average effect of the pre-funded warrants issued in connection with the August 2025 Offering, the exercise of which requires nominal consideration for the delivery of the shares of common stock (see Note 6).
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The table below shows the potential shares of common stock, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, which were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:
| Schedule of dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share | ||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Number of Shares | Number of Shares | |||||||
| Stock Options | ||||||||
| Warrants | ||||||||
| Restricted Stock Units | ||||||||
Grant program
The Company records expenses related to the DOD Long Covid Program as incurred. The reimbursements of such expenses are recognized as a credit against the respective expense account upon receipt, or when it is probable the reimbursement will be received.
Segment Reporting
The Company operates as one operating segment with a focus on its efforts to develop drug therapies for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and advanced liver disease. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), as the chief operating decision maker, manages and allocates resources to the operations of the Company based on the line items included within these financial statements. This enables the CEO to assess the overall level of available resources and determine how best to deploy these resources across functions, clinical trials, and development projects in line with the long-term company-wide strategic goals.
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| 4. | Intangible Assets |
The Company’s intangible assets consist of intellectual property acquired from LAT Pharma, Inc. and are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
The following is a summary of the Company’s intangible assets:
| Schedule of intangible assets | ||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| Intellectual Property | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: Accumulated Amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Intellectual Property, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Amortization expense was $
| 5. | Fair Value Measurements |
Financial assets
As of March 31, 2026, investments in U.S. Treasury Bills were valued through use of quoted prices and are classified as Level 1. The following table presents information about our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories.
| Measured at fair value on a recurring basis | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements at | ||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury Bills due in 3 months or less at purchase | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements at | ||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury Bills due in 3 months or less at purchase | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
F-34
| 6. | Equity Transactions |
Equity Transactions with Acuitas (former related party)
On July 15, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC (“Acuitas”), the Company’s largest stockholder, pursuant to which Acuitas agreed to purchase from the Company, in a private placement, (i) an aggregate of shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at a price of $165.00 per share (the “PIPE Shares”), and (ii) a warrant to purchase 72,728 shares of Common Stock (“PIPE Warrant Shares”), at an original exercise price of $182.00, with a term of exercise of five years.
As a result of the Company’s subsequent capital raises, the warrants’ down round features (the “ratchet adjustment”) resulted in deemed dividends recognized in the accompanying condensed statements of changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
For the three months ended September 30, 2024,
the deemed dividend of $
The October 22, 2024 capital raise further reduced
the exercise prices from $
For the three months ended September 30, 2025,
the deemed dividend of $
Issuance of common stock for cash
On August 11, 2025, the Company closed an underwritten
public offering of (i) units (the “Units”), with each Unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant
(the “Warrants”) and (ii)
F-35
Stock Options
The following table summarizes the activity relating to the Company’s stock options for the nine months ended March 31, 2026:
| Schedule of summarizes the activity relating to the Company’s stock options | ||||||||||||||||
| Options | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Weighted Remaining Average Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding at June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Options Granted | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Options Expired | ) | $ | 0.0 | $ | - | |||||||||||
| Outstanding at March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense relating to the vesting of stock options of approximately $ million and $ for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense relating to the vesting of stock options of approximately $million and $ for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
The fair value of each option on the date of grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The pricing model reflects the following weighted-average assumptions for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Schedule of assumptions used | ||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Expected life of options (in years) | ||||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Risk free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
| Dividend Yield | % | % | ||||||
On January 5, 2026 (the “Grant Date”),
directors’ annual compensation was approved and the directors were granted stock options to purchase a total of shares of
common stock, at an exercise price of $
On January 5, 2026 (the “Grant Date”),
the Company awarded bonus and retention incentive stock options to certain directors and employees to purchase a total of
Restricted stock units:
On September 2, 2025 (the “Grant Date”), the Company awarded a total of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to a consultant at the grant date fair value of $ per RSU. The RSUs vest in five equal installments beginning on the Grant Date and over the following four calendar quarters beginning December 31, 2025.
F-36
The following table summarizes vesting of restricted stock units:
| Schedule of vesting of restricted stock units | ||||||||
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share | |||||||
| Unvested at June 30, 2025 | 7,213 | $ | ||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Vested | ) | |||||||
| Unvested at March 31, 2026 | $ | |||||||
The total stock-based compensation expense from restricted stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was approximately $ and $, respectively. The total stock-based compensation expense from restricted stock units for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was approximately $ and $, respectively.
Stock Warrants
The following table summarizes the warrants activity during the nine months ended March 31, 2026:
| Summary of warrants activity | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||||||
| Canceled | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Expired | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The table below shows the expiration of the warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2026:
| Schedule of expiration of the warrants outstanding | ||||
| Number of Warrants | ||||
| Expiring June 30, | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| 2030 | ||||
| 2031 | ||||
| Total outstanding warrants | ||||
The warrants table excludes
F-37
| 7. | Leases |
Office Leases
The Company pays an annual rent of $
The Company’s San Diego office lease at
5090 Shoreham Place Suite 206, San Diego, CA 92122 was amended on February 12, 2024 for a larger space. The current monthly base rate
for the office space is $
Total operating lease expense for the three months
ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 of approximately $
The right-of-use asset, net and current and long-term portion of the operating lease liabilities included in the accompanying condensed balance sheets are as follows:
| Schedule of operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liability | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease liability, net of current portion | ||||||||
| Total operating lease liability | $ | $ | ||||||
At March 31, 2026, the future estimated minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:
| Schedule of future estimated minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases | ||||
| Year ending June 30, 2026 (Remaining 3 months) | $ | |||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| Total minimum lease payments | ||||
| Less amount representing interest | ( | ) | ||
| Present value of future minimum lease payments | $ |
Total cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
were $
The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025 were as follows:
| Schedule of weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate | ||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (Years) | ||||||||
| Operating lease | ||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | ||||||||
| Operating lease | % | % | ||||||
F-38
| 8. | Commitments and Contingencies |
Royalty Agreements
Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger entered into on April 11, 2016, by and between our predecessor entities, LAT Pharma and NanoAntibiotics, Inc., the Company is obligated to pay a low single digit royalty on net sales of BIV201 (continuous infusion terlipressin) to be shared by the members of LAT Pharma Members, PharmaIn Corporation, and The Barrett Edge, Inc.
Pursuant to the Technology Transfer Agreement entered into on July 25, 2016, by and between the Company and the University of Padova (Italy), the Company was obligated to pay a 5% on net sales (capped at a maximum of $200,000 per year) of all terlipressin products covered by US Patent No. 11364277, expiring in 2036 and the European Patent No. EP3347032, expiring in 2036 and pending patent applications in the U.S., Europe, China and Japan, related to the administration of terlipressin as a continuous infusion for the treatment of ascites.
Pursuant to the Intellectual Property Rights Agreement entered into on April 18, 2019, by and between the Company and DOCUCHEM SLU, the Company is obligated to pay DOCUCHEM SLU $25,000 on the issuance of the U.S. patent for terlipressin and $50,000 each calendar year in which the gross sales in the U.S. of a product covered by a claim of an issued U.S. patent as directed to terlipressin exceeds $10,000,000.
Shareholder class action complaint and shareholder derivative complaints
On January 19, 2024, a purported securities class action complaint, captioned Eric Olmstead v. BioVie Inc. et al., No. 3:24-cv-00035, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada, naming the Company and certain of its officers as defendants. On February 22, 2024, a second, related putative securities class action was filed in the same court asserting similar claims against the same defendants, captioned Way v. BioVie Inc. et al., No. 2:24-cv-00361. On April 15, 2024, the court consolidated these two actions under the caption In re BioVie Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 3:24-cv-00035 (the “Securities Class Action”), appointed the lead plaintiff, and approved selection of the lead counsel. On June 21, 2024, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, alleging that the defendants made material misrepresentations and/or omissions of material fact relating to the Company’s business, operations, compliance, and prospects, including information related to the NM101 Phase 3 study and trial of bezisterim (NE3107) in mild to moderate probable AD, in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The class action is on behalf of purchasers of the Company’s securities during the period from December 7, 2022 through November 28, 2023, and seeks unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the putative class and an award of costs and expenses, including attorney’s fees. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on August 21, 2024, and on March 27, 2025, the court denied that motion. The parties are now engaged in fact discovery. On February 13, 2026, Plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification and a motion for leave to file a second amended complaint. Defendants opposed the motion for leave to amend, and that motion is now fully briefed and pending before the court. Defendants’ opposition to the motion for class certification is due June 15, 2026.
Three shareholder derivative lawsuits piggy-backing on the Securities Class Action were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada, allegedly on behalf of the Company, by three putative stockholders: Andrew Hulm on December 30, 2024; William Settel on April 28, 2025 and Cline Wilkerson on September 11, 2025, (collectively the “Related Derivative Lawsuits”). Each Related Derivative Lawsuit names the same current and former officers and directors as defendants and alleges essentially the same claims: that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing or failing to prevent the securities violations alleged in the Securities Class Action, and related claims for unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, gross mismanagement, and abuse of control. On September 29, 2025, at the request of the parties, the court consolidated all three Related Derivative Lawsuits under the caption In re BioVie Inc. Derivative Litigation, Case No. 3:24-cv-0602-CSD (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”). On January 27, 2026, at the request of the parties, the court stayed the Consolidated Derivative Action pending resolution of a summary judgment motion by defendants in the Securities Class Action.
The Company believes that the claims are without merit and intends to defend vigorously against them, but there can be no assurances as to the outcome.
F-39
| 9. | Employee Benefit Plan |
The Company sponsors an employee benefit plan subject to Section 401(K) of the Internal Revenue Service Code (the “401K Plan”) pursuant to which, all employees meeting eligibility requirements are able to participate.
Subject to certain limitations in the Internal
Revenue Code, eligible employees are permitted to make contributions to the 401K Plan on a pre-tax salary reduction basis and the Company
will match 5% of the first 5% of an employee’s contributions to the 401K Plan. The Company made contributions into the plan of approximately
$
| 10. | Segment Reporting |
The Company operates as one operating segment with a focus on its efforts to develop drug therapies for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and advanced liver disease. The Company’s CEO, as the chief operating decision maker, manages and allocates resources to the operations of the Company based on the line items included within these condensed financial statements and segment performance is evaluated based on net loss. This enables the CEO to assess the overall level of available resources and determine how best to deploy these resources across functions, clinical trials, and development projects in line with the long-term company-wide strategic goals. The measurement of segment assets is reported on the condensed balance sheet as total assets. All of the Company’s tangible assets are held in the United States.
The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment and its significant segment approximated expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Schedule of segment reporting information | ||||||||
| Nine months ended | Nine months ended | |||||||
| March 31, 2026 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Clinical studies | $ | $ | ||||||
| Clinical teams | ||||||||
| Chemistry, manufacturing and controls | ||||||||
| Other research and development expenses | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | ||||||||
| Other income, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
F-40
Up to 56,390,977 Shares of Class A Common Stock
Up to 56,390,977 Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 56,390,977 Shares of Class A Common Stock
Up to 56,390,977 Shares of Class A Common Stock Underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants
BioVie Inc.
| PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS |
ThinkEquity
, 2026
Part II
Information not required in prospectus
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth various expenses being borne by the Company in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered. All of the amounts shown are estimates except for the Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee.
| SEC registration fee | $ | 10,357.50 |
| FINRA filing fee | 11,750.00 | |
| Accounting fees and expenses | 27,892.50 | |
| Legal fees and expenses | 400,000.00 | |
| Total expenses | $ | 450,000.00 |
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
We are a Nevada corporation and generally governed by the Nevada Private Corporations Code, Title 78 of NRS.
Section 78.138(3) of the NRS provides that in deciding upon matters of business, the officers and directors are presumed to act in good faith, on an informed basis, and with a view to the interests of the corporation. Section 78.138(7) further provides, unless the corporation’s articles of incorporation provide otherwise, a director or officer will not be individually liable to the corporation or its stockholders unless it is proven that (a) the presumption established in Section 78.138(3) is rebutted and (b) the director’s or officer’s acts or omissions constituted a breach of his or her fiduciary duties, and (c) such breach involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law.
Section 78.7502 of the NRS permits a Nevada corporation to indemnify its directors and officers against expenses, judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with a threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, except an action by or on behalf of the corporation, if the officer or director (i) is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138, or (ii) acted in good faith and in a manner the officer or director reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, if a criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct of the officer or director was unlawful. Section 78.751 of the NRS also requires a corporation to indemnify its officers and directors if they have been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any claim, issue, or matter resulting from their service as a director or officer.
Section 78.751 of the NRS also permits a Nevada corporation to indemnify its officers and directors against expenses incurred by them in defending a civil or criminal action, suit, or proceeding as they are incurred and in advance of final disposition thereof, upon receipt of an undertaking of the director or officer to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation. The articles of incorporation, the bylaws or an agreement made by the corporation may require the corporation to pay such expenses upon receipt of such an undertaking. Section 78.751 of the NRS further permits the corporation to grant its directors and officers additional rights of indemnification under its articles of incorporation, bylaws or other agreement.
Section 78.752 of the NRS provides that a Nevada corporation may purchase and maintain insurance or make other financial arrangements on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, for any liability asserted against him and liability and expenses incurred by him in his capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation has the authority to indemnify him against such liability and expenses.
| II-1 |
Our Articles of Incorporation and bylaws implement the indemnification and insurance provisions permitted by Chapter 78 of the NRS by providing that:
| · | We shall indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the NRS against expense, liability and loss reasonably incurred or suffered by them in connection with their service as an officer or director; | |
| · | We are required to advance expenses to our directors and officers upon receipt of an undertaking to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified; and |
| · | We may purchase and maintain insurance, or make other financial arrangements, on behalf of any person who holds or who has held a position as a director, officer, or representative against liability, cost, payment, or expense incurred by such person. |
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
The Company has not sold any securities within the past three years which were not registered under the Securities Act except as set forth below. The Company believes that, unless otherwise noted, all of the transactions described below were exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
Placement Agent Warrants Issued in Connection with Offering on March 4, 2024
On March 4, 2024, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, as the placement agent, in connection with the issuance and sale directly to an investor of up to 210,000 shares of Common Stock, at a public offering price of $100.00 per share of Common Stock and/or pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a public offering price of $99.99 per pre-funded warrant, together with warrants to purchase up to 105,000 shares of Common Stock.
In connection with the offering, the Company issued unregistered warrants to the placement agent, exercisable to purchase 10,500 shares of Common Stock, representing 5% of the securities purchased at the closing of the offering, for an aggregate purchase price of $100.00, at an exercise price of $125.00 per share, which is equal to 125% of the public offering price. The warrants are exercisable from 180 days following the date of issuance in accordance with Rule 5110(g)(8)(A) of FINRA and will expire five years following the date of issuance. The holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by making a cash payment equal to the exercise price multiplied by the quantity of shares. The holders of the warrants may also exercise the warrants on a cashless or “net issuance” basis by receiving a net number of shares calculated pursuant to the formula set forth in the warrants. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants, the holders of the warrants are entitled to piggyback registration rights if the Company proposes to file a new registration statement under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations.
Placement Agent Warrants Issued in Connection with Offering on September 23, 2024
On September 23, 2024, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, as the placement agent, in connection with the issuance and sale directly to certain investors of up to 196,080 shares of Common Stock, at a public offering price of $15.30 per share and/or pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, at a public offering price of $15.30 per pre-funded warrant, together with warrants to purchase up to 196,080 shares of Common Stock.
In connection with the offering, the Company issued unregistered warrants to the placement agent, exercisable to purchase 9,804 shares of Common Stock, representing 5% of the securities purchased at the closing of the offering, for an aggregate purchase price of $100.00, at an exercise price of $19.125 per share, which is equal to 125% of the public offering price. The warrants are exercisable from 180 days following the date of issuance in accordance with Rule 5110(g)(8)(A) of FINRA and will expire five years following the date of issuance. The holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by making a cash payment equal to the exercise price multiplied by the quantity of shares. The holders of the warrants may also exercise the warrants on a cashless or “net issuance” basis by receiving a net number of shares calculated pursuant to the formula set forth in the warrants. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants, the holders of the warrants are entitled to piggyback registration rights if the Company proposes to file a new registration statement under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations.
| II-2 |
Private Placement Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants Issued in Connection with Offering on October 21, 2024
On October 21, 2024, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, as the placement agent, in connection with the issuance and sale directly to certain investors of up to 444,300 shares of Common Stock, at a public offering price of $15.00 per share.
In a concurrent private placement, pursuant to the placement agency agreement, the Company issued to the investors unregistered warrants to purchase 444,300 shares of Common Stock, with each warrant exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $13.70 per share. The warrants are exercisable from six months from the date of issuance and will expire five years following the initial exercise date. The holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by making a cash payment equal to the exercise price multiplied by the quantity of shares. The holders of the warrants may also exercise the warrants on a cashless or “net issuance” basis by receiving a net number of shares calculated pursuant to the formula set forth in the warrants. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants, the Company has the obligation to file a registration statement on Form S-1 providing for the resale by the holders of the warrants of the shares of Common Stock issued and issuable upon exercise of the warrants.
In connection with the offering, the Company issued unregistered warrants to the placement agent, exercisable to purchase 22,215 shares of Common Stock, representing 5% of the shares of Common Stock purchased at the closing of the offering, for an aggregate purchase price of $100.00, at an exercise price of $18.75 per share, which is equal to 125% of the public offering price. The holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by making a cash payment equal to the exercise price multiplied by the quantity of shares. The holders of the warrants may also exercise the warrants on a cashless or “net issuance” basis by receiving a net number of shares calculated pursuant to the formula set forth in the warrants. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants, the holders of the warrants are entitled to piggyback registration rights if the Company proposes to file a new registration statement under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations.
Private Placement Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants Issued in Connection with Offering on October 23, 2024
On October 23, 2024, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, as the placement agent, in connection with the issuance and sale directly to certain investors of up to 266,700 shares of Common Stock, at a public offering price of $22.50 per share.
In a concurrent private placement, pursuant to the placement agency agreement, the Company issued to the investors unregistered warrants to purchase 266,700 shares of Common Stock, with each warrant exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $21.20 per share. The warrants are exercisable from six months from the date of issuance and will expire five years following the initial exercise date. The holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by making a cash payment equal to the exercise price multiplied by the quantity of shares. The holders of the warrants may also exercise the warrants on a cashless or “net issuance” basis by receiving a net number of shares calculated pursuant to the formula set forth in the warrants. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants, the Company has the obligation to file a registration statement on Form S-1 providing for the resale by the holders of the warrants of the shares of Common Stock issued and issuable upon exercise of the warrants.
In connection with the offering, the Company issued unregistered warrants to the placement agent, exercisable to purchase 13,335 shares of Common Stock, representing 5% of the shares of Common Stock purchased at the closing of the offering, for an aggregate purchase price of $100.00, at an exercise price of $28.125 per share, which is equal to 125% of the public offering price. The holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by making a cash payment equal to the exercise price multiplied by the quantity of shares. The holders of the warrants may also exercise the warrants on a cashless or “net issuance” basis by receiving a net number of shares calculated pursuant to the formula set forth in the warrants. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants, the holders of the warrants are entitled to piggyback registration rights if the Company proposes to file a new registration statement under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations.
| II-3 |
Placement Agent Warrants Issued in Connection with Offering on October 28, 2024
On October 28, 2024, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, as the placement agent, in connection with the issuance and sale directly to certain investors of up to 114,600 shares of Common Stock, at a public offering price of $28.30 per share.
In connection with the offering, the Company issued warrants to the placement agent, exercisable to purchase 5,730 shares of Common Stock, representing 5% of the shares of Common Stock purchased at the closing of the offering, for an aggregate purchase price of $100.00, at an exercise price of $35.375 per share, which is equal to 125% of the public offering price. The holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by making a cash payment equal to the exercise price multiplied by the quantity of shares. The holders of the warrants may also exercise the warrants on a cashless or “net issuance” basis by receiving a net number of shares calculated pursuant to the formula set forth in the warrants. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants, the holders of the warrants are entitled to piggyback registration rights if the Company proposes to file a new registration statement under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations.
Underwriter Warrants Issued in Connection with Offering on August 7, 2025
On August 7, 2025, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, as the underwriter, in connection with a public offering of shares of Common Stock and warrants.
In connection with the offering, the Company issued warrants to the underwriter to purchase 300,000 shares of Common Stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $2.50 per share. The warrants are immediately exercisable, in whole or in part, and expire on the four- and one-half year anniversary of the date that is one hundred eighty (180) days from the date of the underwriting agreement. The holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by making a cash payment equal to the exercise price multiplied by the quantity of shares. The holders of the warrants may also exercise the warrants on a cashless or “net issuance” basis by receiving a net number of shares calculated pursuant to the formula set forth in the warrants. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants, the holders of the warrants are entitled to piggyback registration rights if the Company proposes to file a new registration statement under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations.
| II-4 |
Item 16. Exhibits
A list of the exhibits filed with this registration statement on Form S-1 is set forth on the Exhibit Index and is incorporated herein by reference.
| II-5 |
| II-6 |
Item 17. Undertakings
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| a. | To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; |
| b. | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) (§ 230.424(b) of this chapter) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Filing Fee Tables” or “Calculation of Registration Fee” table, as applicable, in the effective registration statement; and |
| c. | To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; |
Provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)) that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| (4) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser: |
| a. | Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) (§ 230.424(b)(3) of this chapter) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and |
| II-7 |
| b. | Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) (§ 230.424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) of this chapter) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) (§ 230.415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) of this chapter) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. |
| (5) | That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| a. | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 (§ 230.424 of this chapter); |
| b. | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
| c. | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
| d. | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
| (6) | That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. |
| (7) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| II-8 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Carson City, State of Nevada, on July 31, 2026.
| BIOVIE INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Cuong Do | |
| Cuong Do | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Cuong Do | President and Chief Executive Officer, Director | July 31, 2026 | ||
| Cuong Do | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| * | Chief Financial Officer | July 31, 2026 | ||
| Joanne Wendy Kim | (Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
| * | Chairman of the Board of Directors | July 31, 2026 | ||
| Jim Lang | ||||
| * | Director | July 31, 2026 | ||
| Amy Chappell | ||||
| * | Director | July 31, 2026 | ||
| Kameel Farag | ||||
| * | Director | July 31, 2026 | ||
| Sigmund Rogich | ||||
| * | Director | July 31, 2026 | ||
| Michael Sherman |
| *By: | /s/ Cuong Do | |
| Cuong Do | ||
| Attorney-in-Fact |
| II-9 |
Exhibit 1.1
PLACEMENT AGENCY AGREEMENT
[*], 2026
ThinkEquity LLC
17 State Street, 41st Fl
New York, NY 10004
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Introductory. This Placement Agency Agreement (the “Agreement”) sets forth the terms upon which ThinkEquity LLC (“ThinkEquity” or the “Placement Agent”) shall be engaged by BioVie Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), to act as the exclusive Placement Agent in connection with the offering (hereinafter referred to as the “Offering”) of up to [*] shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) and [*] pre-funded warrants (each, a “Pre-Funded Warrant”, and in the aggregate, the “Pre-Funded Warrants” and together with the Shares, the “Placement Securities”) to purchase up to [*] shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share (the “Pre-Funded Warrant Shares” and together with the Placement Securities, the “Securities”) until such time as the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full, directly to various investors (each, an “Investor” and, collectively, the “Investors”). The purchase price to the Investors for each Share is $[*] (the “Share Offering Price”) and for each Pre-Funded Warrant is $[*], which represents the Share Offering Price less $0.0001.
| 1. | Agreement to Act as Placement Agent; Closing; Placement Agent Compensation. |
1.1
On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements of the Company herein contained, the Placement Agent is appointed as the Company’s exclusive placement agent subject to the terms and conditions contained herein. On the basis of such representations and warranties and subject to such terms and conditions, the Placement Agent hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the services hereunder diligently and in good faith and in a professional and businesslike manner and to use its commercially reasonable efforts to assist the Company in finding subscribers of the Placement Securities and to complete the Offering. The Placement Agent has no obligation to purchase any of the Placement Securities. Unless sooner terminated in accordance with this Agreement, the engagement of the Placement Agent hereunder shall continue until the later of the Termination Date or the Closing (each as defined below). The Offering will be made on a “reasonable best efforts” basis. The Placement Agent may retain other brokers or dealers to act as sub-placement agents or selected-dealers on its behalf in connection with the Offering, with any fees they may be entitled to being paid out of the fee paid to such Placement Agent pursuant to Section 1.5.
1.2
Payment of the aggregate purchase price paid by any and all Investors (the “Purchase Price”) less the Cash Fee (as defined below), and the other accountable expenses payable in accordance with Section 3.10 of this Agreement for, and delivery of, the Placement Securities (the “Closing”) shall be made at the offices of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP (“Placement Agent Counsel”), 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10112, or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Placement Agent and the Company, at 10:00 a.m. (New York City time) on [*], 2026, or such other time not later than ten Business Days after such date as shall be agreed upon by the Placement Agent and the Company (such time and date of payment and delivery being herein called “Closing Date”). The term “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions are authorized or obligated by law to close in New York, New York.
1.3
On the Closing Date, (i) the Purchase Price will be released to the Company either (a) by the Placement Agent on behalf of each Investor for the Placement Securities to be issued and sold to such Investor at the Closing, by wire transfer of immediately available funds in accordance with the flow of funds letter regarding the Closing, or (b) by each Investor wiring its portion of the Purchase Price to the Company by wire transfer to an account designated in writing by the Company, and (ii) the Company shall cause its transfer agent (together with any subsequent transfer agent, the “Transfer Agent”) through the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, to credit such aggregate number of Shares that each Investor is purchasing as set forth in the flow of funds letter regarding the Closing to either (a) the Placement Agent’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian system, or (b) directly to the account of each Investor or its respective nominee(s), at the designated account with DTC as provided on the flow of funds letter (if applicable). All actions taken at the Closing shall be deemed to have occurred simultaneously on the Closing Date. Any Placement Securities for which payment has not been received by the Company, to the extent they have been delivered to the Placement Agent or any such Investor, shall be returned to the Company.
1.4
No Placement Securities which the Company has agreed to sell pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to have been purchased and paid for, or issued and sold by the Company, until the appropriate corresponding number of Placement Securities shall have been delivered to the Investors or the Placement Agent against payment therefor. If the Company shall default in its obligations to deliver the Placement Securities to the Investors or the Placement Agent on behalf of such Investors as per such instructions, the Company shall indemnify and hold the Placement Agent harmless against any loss, claim, damage or liability directly or indirectly arising from or as a result of such default by the Company.
1.5
As compensation for services rendered, on the Closing Date, the Company shall pay to the Placement Agent the following:
1.5.1.
A cash fee (the “Cash Fee”) equal to 6.0% of the aggregate purchase price paid by the Investors in respect of the Placement Securities purchased at the Closing, which fees shall be deducted from the Purchase Price payable at Closing.
1.5.2.
[Intentionally Omitted].
1.5.3.
A warrant (“Placement Agent’s Warrant”) for the purchase of [*] shares of Common Stock, representing 5% of the Placement Securities purchased at the Closing, for an aggregate purchase price of $100.00. The Placement Agent’s Warrant agreement, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Placement Agent’s Warrant Agreement”), shall be exercisable, in whole or in part, commencing on a date which is one hundred eighty (180) days after the date hereof and expiring on the five-year anniversary of the date hereof at an initial exercise price per share of Common Stock of $[*], which is equal to 125% of the Share Offering Price. Subject to the Company’s pre-existing registration rights obligations to third parties, the Placement Agent’s Warrant will provide for registration rights (including a one-time demand registration right and unlimited piggyback rights) and customary anti-dilution provisions consistent with FINRA Rule 5110 and further, the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Placement Agent’s Warrant shall be reduced if necessary to comply with FINRA rules or regulations. The Placement Agent’s Warrant shall not be transferable for one hundred eighty (180) days from the date hereof except as permitted by Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Rule 5110(e)(2). The Placement Agent’s Warrant and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise thereof (the “Placement Agent’s Warrant Shares”) are hereinafter referred to together as the “Placement Agent’s Securities”.
| -1- |
1.6
The Company hereby acknowledges that (i) the Offering, including the determination of the offering price of the Common Stock and any related discounts, commissions and fees, shall be an arm’s- length commercial transaction between the Company and the Investors, (ii) the Placement Agent will be acting as an independent contractor and will not be the agent or fiduciary of the Company or its stockholders, creditors, employees, the Investors or any other party, (iii) the Placement Agent shall not assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company (irrespective of whether the Placement Agent has advised or is currently advising the Company on other matters) and the Placement Agent shall not have any obligation to the Company with respect to the Offering, except as may be set forth expressly herein, (iv) the Placement Agent and its Affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Company and (v) the Placement Agent will not provide any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the Offering, and the Company shall consult its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it deems appropriate.
1.7
The Company is and will be solely responsible for the contents of any and all written or oral communications provided to the Investors regarding the Offering or the Securities; and the Company recognizes that the Placement Agent, in acting pursuant to this Agreement, will be using information provided by the Company and its agents and the Placement Agent assumes no responsibility for, and may rely, without independent verification, on the accuracy and completeness of any such information.
1.8
The Company agrees that any information or advice rendered by the Placement Agent in connection with this engagement is for the confidential use of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) only and the Company will not, and will not permit any third party to, disclose or otherwise refer to such advice or information, in any manner without the Placement Agent’s prior written consent.
2.
Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to the Placement Agent as of the Applicable Time (as defined below) and as of the Closing Date as follows:
2.1
Filing of Registration Statement.
2.1.1
Pursuant to the Securities Act. The Company has filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement, and any amendment or amendments thereto, on Form S-1 (File No. 333-[*]), including any related prospectus or prospectuses, for the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), which registration statement and any amendment or amendments have been prepared by the Company in all material respects in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Securities Act (the “Securities Act Regulations”) and contains and will contain all material statements that are required to be stated therein in accordance with the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations. Except as the context may otherwise require, such registration statement, as amended, on file with the Commission at the time the registration statement became effective (including the Preliminary Prospectus included in the registration statement, financial statements, schedules, exhibits and all other documents filed as a part thereof or incorporated therein and all information deemed to be a part thereof as of the Effective Date (as defined below) pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 430A of the Securities Act Regulations (the “Rule 430A Information”)), is referred to herein as the “Registration Statement.” If the Company files any registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act Regulations, then after such filing, the term “Registration Statement” shall include such registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b). The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission on [___] (the “Effective Date”).
| -2- |
Each prospectus used prior to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, and each prospectus that omitted the Rule 430A Information that was used after such effectiveness and prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, is herein called a “Preliminary Prospectus.” The Preliminary Prospectus, subject to completion, dated [●], 2026, that was included in the Registration Statement immediately prior to the Applicable Time is hereinafter called the “Pricing Prospectus.” The final prospectus in the form first furnished to the Placement Agent for use in the Offering is hereinafter called the “Prospectus.”
“Applicable Time” means [TIME] [a.m./p.m.], Eastern time, on the date of this Agreement.
“Disclosure Package” means any Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, the Pricing Prospectus and the information included on Schedule 1 hereto, all considered together.
“Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 of the Securities Act Regulations (“Rule 433”), including without limitation any “free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act Regulations) relating to the Securities that is (i) required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii) a “road show that is a written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i), whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (iii) exempt from filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Securities or of the Offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g).
“Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors (other than a “bona fide electronic road show,” as defined in Rule 433 (the “Bona Fide Electronic Road Show”)), as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule 2-A hereto.
“Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus.
2.1.2
Pursuant to the Exchange Act. The Company has filed with the Commission a Form 8-A12B (File Number 001-39015) providing for the registration pursuant to Section 12(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), of the shares of Common Stock. The registration of the shares of Common Stock under the Exchange Act has been declared effective by the Commission on or prior to the date hereof. The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the shares of Common Stock under the Exchange Act, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration.
2.2
Stock Exchange Listing. The shares of Common Stock have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Exchange”) and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, delisting the shares of Common Stock from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification that the Exchange is contemplating terminating such listing except as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The Company has submitted the Listing of Additional Shares Notification Form with the Exchange with respect to the Offering of the Securities.
2.3
No Stop Orders, etc. Neither the Commission nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any state regulatory authority has issued any order preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or has instituted or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened to institute, any proceedings with respect to such an order. The Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information.
| -3- |
2.4
Disclosures in Registration Statement.
2.4.1.
Compliance with Securities Act and 10b-5 Representation.
(i)
Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective, complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations. Each Preliminary Prospectus, including the prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement as originally filed or as part of any amendment or supplement thereto, and the Prospectus, at the time each was filed with the Commission, complied or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations. Each Preliminary Prospectus delivered to the Placement Agent for use in connection with this Offering and the Prospectus was or will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T promulgated under the Securities Act (“Regulation S-T”).
(ii)
Neither the Registration Statement nor any amendment thereto, at its effective time, as of the Applicable Time, at the Closing Date, contained, contains or will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
(iii)
The Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time and at the Closing Date, did not, does not and will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and each Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus hereto does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, and each such Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus, as supplemented by and taken together with the Pricing Prospectus as of the Applicable Time, did not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to statements made or statements omitted in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Placement Agent expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto. The parties acknowledge and agree that such information provided by or on behalf of the Placement Agent consists solely of the following disclosure contained in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus: the name of the Placement Agent, the information set forth under the sub-caption “Regulation M Compliance” and the first sentence following the table set forth under the sub-caption “Placement Agent Fees and Expenses” (the “Placement Agent’s Information”);
(iv)
Neither the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto (including any prospectus wrapper), as of its issue date, at the time of any filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), at the Closing Date, included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
| -4- |
(v)
The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, if any, when they became effective or were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, if any, when such documents become effective or are filed with the Commission, as the case may be, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
2.4.2.
Disclosure of Agreements. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof contained or incorporated by reference therein and there are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations to be described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, or to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, that have not been so described or filed or incorporated by reference. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party or by which it is or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, or (ii) is material to the Company’s business, has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company’s knowledge the other parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought. None of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder. To the Company’s knowledge, performance by the Company of the material provisions of such agreements or instruments will not result in a violation of any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, ordinance, judgment, order or decree of any governmental or regulatory agency, body, authority or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its assets or businesses (each, a “Governmental Entity”), including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has no subsidiaries and has no other interest, nominal or beneficial, direct or indirect, in any other corporation, joint venture or other business entity.
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2.4.3.
Prior Securities Transactions. No securities of the Company have been sold by the Company or by or on behalf of, or for the benefit of, any person or persons controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Preliminary Prospectus.
2.4.4.
Regulations. The disclosures in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus concerning the effects of federal, state, local and all foreign regulation on the Offering and the Company’s business as currently contemplated are accurate, correct and complete in all material respects and no other such regulations are required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus which are not so disclosed.
2.4.5.
No Other Distribution of Offering Materials. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, distributed and will not distribute any offering material in connection with the Offering other than any Preliminary Prospectus, the Disclosure Package, the Prospectus and other materials, if any, permitted under the Securities Act and consistent with Section 3.2 below.
2.5
Changes After Dates in Registration Statement.
2.5.1.
No Material Adverse Change. Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except as otherwise specifically stated therein: (i) there has been no material adverse change in the financial position or results of operations of the Company, nor any change or development that, singularly or in the aggregate, would involve a material adverse change or a prospective material adverse change in or affecting the business, general affairs, management, condition (financial or otherwise), stockholders’ equity, results of operations, business, assets, properties or prospects of the Company (a “Material Adverse Change”); (ii) there have been no material transactions entered into by the Company, other than as contemplated pursuant to this Agreement; (iii) no officer or director of the Company has resigned from any position with the Company; and (iv) the Company has not sustained any material loss or interference with its business or properties from fire, explosion, flood, earthquake, hurricane, accident or other calamity.
2.5.2.
Recent Securities Transactions, etc. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and except as may otherwise be indicated or contemplated herein or disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not: (i) issued any securities, other than securities issued pursuant to the Company’s existing equity incentive or stock option plans for shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of then outstanding options, restricted stock units or convertible securities, or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, for borrowed money; or (ii) declared or paid any dividend or made any other distribution on or in respect to its capital stock.
2.6
Disclosure in Commission Filings. Since January 1, 2023, (i) none of the Company’s filings with the Commission contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except to the extent such filings with the Commission were subsequently amended; and (ii) the Company has made all filings with the Commission required under the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder (the “Exchange Act Regulations”).
2.7
Independent Accountants. To the knowledge of the Company, EisnerAmper LLP (the “Auditor”), whose report is filed with the Commission and included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The Auditor has not, during the periods covered by the financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, provided to the Company any non-audit services, as such term is used in Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act.
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2.8
Financial Statements, etc. The financial statements, including the notes thereto and supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, fairly present the financial position and the results of operations of the Company at the dates and for the periods to which they apply; and such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), consistently applied throughout the periods involved (provided that unaudited interim financial statements are subject to year- end audit adjustments that are not expected to be material in the aggregate and do not contain all footnotes required by GAAP); and the supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus present fairly the information required to be stated therein. Except as included or incorporated by reference therein, no historical or pro forma financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus under the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations. The pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information and the related notes, if any, included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus have been properly compiled and prepared in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Securities Act Regulations, the Exchange Act and the Exchange Act Regulations and present fairly the information shown therein, and the assumptions used in the preparation thereof are reasonable and the adjustments used therein are appropriate to give effect to the transactions and circumstances referred to therein. All disclosures contained in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference therein, regarding “non- GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission), if any, comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. Each of the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus discloses all material off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), and other relationships of the Company with unconsolidated entities or other persons that may have a material current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenues or expenses. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (a) neither the Company nor any of its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including each entity disclosed or described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus as being a subsidiary of the Company (each, a “Subsidiary” and, collectively, the “Subsidiaries”), has incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent, or entered into any material transactions other than in the ordinary course of business, (b) the Company has not declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its capital stock, (c) there has not been any change in the capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or, other than in the course of business or any grants under any stock compensation plan, and (d) there has not been any Material Adverse Change in the Company’s long-term or short-term debt.
2.9
Authorized Capital; Options, etc. The Company had, at the date or dates indicated in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the duly authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth therein. Based on the assumptions stated in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company will have on the Closing Date the adjusted stock capitalization set forth therein. Except as set forth in, or contemplated by, the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, on the Effective Date, as of the Applicable Time and on the Closing Date, there was, or will be, no stock options, warrants, or other rights to purchase or otherwise acquire any authorized, but unissued shares of Common Stock of the Company or any security convertible or exercisable into shares of Common Stock of the Company, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell shares of Common Stock or any such options, warrants, rights or convertible securities.
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2.10
Valid Issuance of Securities, etc.
2.10.1.
Outstanding Securities. All issued and outstanding securities of the Company issued prior to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof have no rights of rescission, rights of first refusal, rights of participation or similar rights with respect thereto or put rights, and are not subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; and none of such securities were issued in violation of the preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or rights of participation or similar rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. The authorized shares of Common Stock conform in all material respects to all statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The offers and sales of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were at all relevant times either registered under the Securities Act and the applicable state securities or “blue sky” laws or, based in part on the representations and warranties of the purchasers of such Shares, exempt from such registration requirements.
2.10.2.
Securities Sold Pursuant to this Agreement. The Shares have been duly authorized for issuance and sale and, when issued and paid for pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof are not and will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; the Shares are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company; and all corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Shares has been duly and validly taken. The Securities and the Placement Agent’s Securities conform in all material respects to all statements with respect thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. All corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Placement Agent’s Warrant has been duly and validly taken; the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares and the Placement Agent’s Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and when paid for and issued in accordance with the Pre-Funded Warrant and the Placement Agent’s Warrant Agreement, as the case may be, such Pre-Funded Warrant Shares and Placement Agent’s Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof are not and will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; and such Pre-Funded Warrants, Pre-Funded Warrant Shares, Placement Agent’s Warrant and Placement Agent’s Warrant Shares are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company.
2.11
Registration Rights of Third Parties. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no holders of any securities of the Company or any rights exercisable for or convertible or exchangeable into securities of the Company have the right to require the Company to register any such securities of the Company under the Securities Act or to include any such securities in a registration statement to be filed by the Company.
2.12
Validity and Binding Effect of Agreements. This Agreement, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Placement Agent’s Warrant Agreement have been duly and validly authorized by the Company, and, when executed and delivered, will constitute, the valid and binding agreements of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except: (i) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally; (ii) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws; and (iii) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought.
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2.13
No Conflicts, etc. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Placement Agent’s Warrant Agreement, and all ancillary documents, the consummation by the Company of the transactions herein and therein contemplated and the compliance by the Company with the terms hereof and thereof do not and will not, with or without the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both: (i) result in a material breach of, or conflict with any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a material default under, or result in the creation, modification, termination or imposition of any lien, charge, mortgage, pledge, security interest, claim, equity, trust or other encumbrance, preferential arrangement or restriction of any kind whatsoever upon any portion of any property or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, note, lease, loan agreement or any other agreement or instrument, license or permit to which the Company is a party or as to which any property of the Company is a party or any of its assets are bound, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, Disclosure Package and Prospectus; (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended (as the same may be amended or restated from time to time, the “Charter”) or the amended and restated by-laws of the Company (as the same may be amended or restated from time to time); or (iii) violate any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any Governmental Entity as of the date hereof (including, without limitation, those promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (the “FDA”) or by any foreign, federal, state or local regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA).
2.14
No Defaults; Violations. No material default exists in the due performance and observance of any term, covenant or condition of any material license, contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, note, loan or credit agreement, or any other agreement or instrument evidencing an obligation for borrowed money, or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which the Company may be bound or to which any of the properties or assets of the Company is subject; except for such defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change. The Company is not in violation of any term or provision of its Charter or by-laws, or, in violation of any franchise, license, permit, applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any Governmental Entity.
2.15
Corporate Power; Licenses; Consents.
2.15.1.
Conduct of Business. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has all requisite corporate power and authority, and has all necessary consents, authorizations, approvals, registrations, orders, licenses, certificates, qualifications, registrations and permits of and from all governmental regulatory officials and bodies that it needs as of the date hereof to conduct its business purpose as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except where such failure to have such consents, authorizations, approvals, registrations, orders, license, certificates, qualifications, registrations and permit would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
2.15.2.
Transactions Contemplated Herein. The Company has all corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Placement Agent’s Warrant Agreement, and to carry out the provisions and conditions hereof, and all consents, authorizations, approvals, registrations, orders licenses, certificates, qualifications, registrations and permits required in connection therewith have been obtained. No consent, authorization or order of, and no filing with, any court, government agency or other body is required for the valid issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities, the Placement Agent’s Securities and the consummation of the transactions and agreements contemplated by this Agreement, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Placement Agent’s Warrant Agreement and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except with respect to applicable federal and state securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Exchange and FINRA.
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2.16
D&O Questionnaires. To the Company’s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires (the “Questionnaires”) completed by each of the Company’s directors and officers immediately prior to the Offering (the “Insiders”) as supplemented by all information concerning the Company’s directors, officers and principal stockholders as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, provided to the Placement Agent, is true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in the Questionnaires to become materially inaccurate and incorrect in any respect.
2.17
Litigation; Governmental Proceedings. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry, arbitration, investigation, litigation or governmental proceeding pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against, or involving the Company, or, to the Company’s knowledge, any executive officer or director which has not been disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or in connection with the Company’s listing application for the listing of the Securities on the Exchange and which is required to be disclosed.
2.18
Good Standing. The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation and is in good standing under the laws of the State of Nevada as of the date hereof, and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of business requires such qualification, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, singularly or in the aggregate, would not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
2.19
Insurance. The Company carries or is entitled to the benefits of insurance, with reputable insurers, in such amounts and covering such risks which the Company believes are adequate, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to $5,000,000 and all such insurance is in full force and effect. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Change.
2.20
Transactions Affecting Disclosure to FINRA.
2.20.1.
Finder’s Fees. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no claims, payments, arrangements, agreements or understandings relating to the payment of a finder’s, consulting or origination fee by the Company or any Insider with respect to the sale of the Securities hereunder or any other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its stockholders that may affect the Placement Agent’s compensation, as determined by FINRA.
2.20.2.
Payments Within Twelve (12) Months. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to: (i) any person, as a finder’s fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii) any FINRA member; or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the twelve (12) months prior to the date of this Agreement, other than the payment to the Placement Agent as provided hereunder in connection with the Offering.
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2.20.3.
Use of Proceeds. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein.
2.20.4.
FINRA Affiliation. There is no (i) officer or director of the Company, (ii) beneficial owner of 10% or more of any class of the Company’s securities or (iii) beneficial owner of the Company’s unregistered equity securities which were acquired during the 180-day period immediately preceding the filing of the Registration Statement that is an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA). The Company (i) does not have any material lending or other relationship with any bank or lending affiliate of any Placement Agent and (ii) does not intend to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities to repay any outstanding debt owed to any affiliate of any Placement Agent.
2.21
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. None of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries or any other person acting on behalf of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries, has, directly or indirectly, (i) given or agreed to give any money, gift or similar benefit (other than legal price concessions to customers in the ordinary course of business) to any customer, supplier, employee or agent of a customer or supplier, or official or employee of any governmental agency or instrumentality of any government (domestic or foreign) or any political party or candidate for office (domestic or foreign) or other person who was, is, or may be in a position to help or hinder the business of the Company (or assist it in connection with any actual or proposed transaction) that (a) might subject the Company to any damage or penalty in any civil, criminal or governmental litigation or proceeding, (b) if not given in the past, might have had a Material Adverse Change; (c) if not continued in the future, might adversely affect the assets, business, operations or prospects of the Company; or (d) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) or any applicable non-U.S. anti-bribery statute or regulation; (ii) made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment; or (iii) received notice of any investigation, proceeding or inquiry by any Governmental Entity regarding any of the matters in clauses (i) or (ii) above; and the Company has conducted its business in compliance with the FCPA in all material respects, and has instituted and maintains policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to ensure, that the Company will continue to comply in all material respects with the FCPA. The Company has taken reasonable steps to ensure that its accounting controls and procedures are sufficient to cause the Company to comply in all material respects with the FCPA.
2.22
Compliance with OFAC. None of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries or any other person acting on behalf of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries, is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”), and the Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the Offering hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.
2.23
Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in either the Registration Statement, Disclosure Package or Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.
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2.24
Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Entity (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened.
2.25
Regulatory. All preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company that are material to the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, are or have been adequately described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus in all material respects. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries that are described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus were and, if still ongoing, are being conducted in material compliance with all laws and regulations applicable thereto in the jurisdictions in which they are being conducted and with all laws and regulations applicable to preclinical studies and clinical trials from which data will be submitted to support marketing approval. The descriptions in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus of the results of such studies are accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly present the data derived from such studies, and the Company has no knowledge of, or reason to believe that, any large well- controlled clinical study the aggregate results of which are inconsistent with or otherwise call into question the results of any clinical study conducted by or on behalf of the Company that are described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not received any written notices or statements from the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (the “EMA”) or any other governmental agency or authority imposing, requiring, requesting or suggesting a clinical hold, termination, suspension or material modification for or of any preclinical studies and clinical trials that are described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not received any written notices or statements from the FDA, the EMA or any other governmental agency, and otherwise has no knowledge of, or reason to believe that, (i) any investigational new drug application for any potential product of the Company is or has been rejected or placed on clinical hold; and (ii) any license, approval, permit or authorization to conduct any clinical trial of any potential product of the Company has been, will be or may be suspended, revoked, modified or limited. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has failed to file with the FDA or any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA, any filing, declaration, listing, registration, report or submission that is required to be so filed. All such filings were in material compliance with applicable laws when filed and no deficiencies have been asserted by any applicable regulatory authority (including, without limitation, the FDA or any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA) with respect to any such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, to the knowledge of the Company, there are no facts that would be reasonably likely to result in any warning, untitled or notice of violation letter or Form FDA- 483 from the FDA. The Company is not aware of any studies, tests or trials the results of which the Company believes reasonably call into question (i) the study, test or trial results of any of its products, (ii) the efficacy or safety of any of its products or (iii) any of the Company’s filings with any Governmental Entity.
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2.26
Regulatory Filings and Permits. The Company and its Subsidiaries have such permits, licenses, clearances, registrations, exemptions, patents, franchises, certificates of need and other approvals, consents and other authorizations (“Permits”) issued by the appropriate domestic or foreign regional, federal, state, or local regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct the business of the Company, including, without limitation, any Investigational New Drug Application (an “IND”), Biologics License Application (“BLA”) and/or New Drug Application (an “NDA”), as required by FDA, the Drug Enforcement Administration, or any other Permits issued by domestic or foreign regional, federal, state, or local agencies or bodies engaged in the regulation of pharmaceuticals such as those being developed by the Company and its Subsidiaries (collectively, the “Regulatory Permits”), except for any of the foregoing that would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Change; the Company is in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of the Regulatory Permits, and all of such Regulatory Permits are valid and in full force and effect; the Company has not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation, termination, modification or impairment of rights of any of the Regulatory Permits that, individually or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; the Company has not failed to submit to the FDA any IND, BLA or NDA necessary to conduct the business of the Company, any such filings that were required to be made were in material compliance with applicable laws when filed, and no material deficiencies have been asserted by the FDA with respect to any such filings or submissions that were made.
2.27
Compliance with Health Care Laws. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is, and at all times has been, in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Health Care Laws, and has not engaged in activities which are, as applicable, cause for false claims liability, civil penalties, or mandatory or permissive exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid, or any other state or federal health care program. For purposes of this Agreement, “Health Care Laws” means: (i) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. §§ 301 et seq.), the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. §§ 201 et seq.), and the regulations promulgated thereunder; (ii) all applicable federal, state, local and all applicable foreign health care related fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the U.S. Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)), the U.S. Physician Payment Sunshine Act (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7h), the U.S. Civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. Section 3729 et seq.), the criminal False Claims Law (42 U.S.C. § 1320a- 7b(a)), all criminal laws relating to health care fraud and abuse, including but not limited to 18 U.S.C. Sections 286 and 287, and the health care fraud criminal provisions under the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) (42 U.S.C. Section 1320d et seq.), the exclusion laws (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7), the civil monetary penalties law (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7a), HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (42 U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.), and the regulations promulgated pursuant to such statutes; (iii) Medicare (Title XVIII of the Social Security Act); (iv) Medicaid (Title XIX of the Social Security Act); (v) the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. §§ 801 et seq.) and the regulations promulgated thereunder; and (vi) any and all other applicable health care laws and regulations. Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any subsidiary has received notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in material violation of any Health Care Laws, and, to the Company’s knowledge, no such claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action is threatened. Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any subsidiary is a party to or has any ongoing reporting obligations pursuant to any corporate integrity agreements, deferred prosecution agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, plans of correction or similar agreements with or imposed by any governmental or regulatory authority. Additionally, neither the Company, its Subsidiaries nor any of its respective employees, officers or directors has been excluded, suspended or debarred from participation in any U.S. federal health care program or human clinical research or, to the knowledge of the Company, is subject to a governmental inquiry, investigation, proceeding, or other similar action that could reasonably be expected to result in debarment, suspension, or exclusion.
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2.28
Officers’ Certificate. Any certificate signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to you or to Placement Agent Counsel shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Placement Agent as to the matters covered thereby.
2.29
Subsidiaries. All direct and indirect Subsidiaries of the Company are duly organized and in good standing under the laws of the place of organization or incorporation, and each Subsidiary is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of business requires such qualification, except where the failure to qualify would not have a material adverse effect on the assets, business or operations of the Company taken as a whole. The Company’s ownership and control of each Subsidiary is as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
2.30
Related Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related party transactions involving the Company or any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus that have not been described as required.
2.31
No Relationships with Customers and Suppliers. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company on the one hand, and the directors, officers, 5% or greater stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company or any of the Company’s affiliates on the other hand, which is required to be described in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or a document incorporated by reference therein and which is not so described.
2.32
No Unconsolidated Entities. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no transactions, arrangements or other relationships between and/or among the Company, any of its affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act) and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity that could reasonably be expected to materially affect the Company’s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital resources required to be described in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or a document incorporated by reference therein which have not been described as required.
2.33
Board of Directors. The Board is comprised of the persons disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the board comply with the Exchange Act, the Exchange Act Regulations, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) applicable to the Company and the listing rules of the Exchange. At least one member of the Audit Committee of the Board qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined under Regulation S-K and the listing rules of the Exchange. In addition, at least a majority of the persons serving on the Board qualify as “independent,” as defined under the listing rules of the Exchange.
2.34
Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance.
2.34.1.
Disclosure Controls. The Company has developed and currently maintains disclosure controls and procedures that will comply with Rule 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act Regulations and such controls and procedures are effective to ensure that all material information concerning the Company will be made known on a timely basis to the individuals responsible for the preparation of the Company’s Exchange Act filings and other public disclosure documents.
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2.34.2.
Compliance. The Company is, or at the Applicable Time and on the Closing Date will be, in material compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act applicable to it, and has implemented or will implement such programs and taken reasonable steps to ensure the Company’s future compliance (not later than the relevant statutory and regulatory deadlines therefor) with all of the material provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
2.34.3.
Accounting Controls. The Company and its Subsidiaries maintain systems of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined under Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act Regulations) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed by, or under the supervision of, their respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP, including, but not limited to, internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal controls. The Company’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are known to the Company’s management and that have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud known to the Company’s management, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Disclosure Package, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
2.35
No Investment Company Status. The Company is not and, after giving effect to the Offering and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will not be, required to register as an “investment company,” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
2.36
No Labor Disputes. No labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent.
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2.37
Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries owns or possesses or has valid rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets and similar rights (“Intellectual Property Rights”) necessary for the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently carried on and as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. To the knowledge of the Company, no action or use by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries necessary for the conduct of its business as currently carried on and as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus will involve or give rise to any infringement of, or license or similar fees for, any Intellectual Property Rights of others. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice alleging any such infringement of, license or similar fees for, or conflict with any asserted Intellectual Property Rights of others. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Change (A) to the knowledge of the Company, there is no infringement, misappropriation or violation by third parties of any of the Intellectual Property Rights owned by the Company; (B) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the rights of the Company in or to any such Intellectual Property Rights, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim, that would, individually or in the aggregate, together with any other claims in this Section 2.37, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; (C) the Intellectual Property Rights owned by the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, the Intellectual Property Rights licensed to the Company have not been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity or scope of any such Intellectual Property Rights, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim that would, individually or in the aggregate, together with any other claims in this Section 2.37, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; (D) there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property Rights or other proprietary rights of others, the Company has not received any written notice of such claim and the Company is unaware of any other facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim that would, individually or in the aggregate, together with any other claims in this Section 2.37, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; and (E) to the Company’s knowledge, no employee of the Company is in or has ever been in violation in any material respect of any term of any employment contract, patent disclosure agreement, invention assignment agreement, non-competition agreement, non-solicitation agreement, nondisclosure agreement or any restrictive covenant to or with a former employer where the basis of such violation relates to such employee’s employment with the Company, or actions undertaken by the employee while employed with the Company and could reasonably be expected to result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Change. To the Company’s knowledge, all material technical information developed by and belonging to the Company which has not been patented or disclosed in a patent application has been kept confidential. The Company is not a party to or bound by any options, licenses or agreements with respect to the Intellectual Property Rights of any other person or entity that are required to be set forth in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and are not described therein. The Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus contain in all material respects the same description of the matters set forth in the preceding sentence. None of the technology employed by the Company has been obtained or is being used by the Company in violation of any contractual obligation binding on the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its officers, directors or employees, or otherwise in violation of the rights of any persons. To the Company’s knowledge, all licenses for the use of the Intellectual Property described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are in full force and effect in all material respects and are enforceable by the Company and, to the Company’s knowledge, the other parties thereto, in accordance with their terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought. None of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and the Company, has no knowledge, that any other party is in default thereunder and no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder.
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2.38
Taxes. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has filed all returns (as hereinafter defined) required to be filed with taxing authorities prior to the date hereof or has duly obtained extensions of time for the filing thereof. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has paid all taxes (as hereinafter defined) shown as due on such returns that were filed and has paid all taxes imposed on or assessed against the Company or such respective Subsidiary. The provisions for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement are sufficient for all accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements. Except as disclosed in writing to the Placement Agent, (i) no issues have been raised (and are currently pending) by any taxing authority in connection with any of the returns or taxes asserted as due from the Company or its Subsidiaries, and (ii) no waivers of statutes of limitation with respect to the returns or collection of taxes have been given by or requested from the Company or its Subsidiaries. The term “taxes” means all federal, state, local, foreign and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments or charges of any kind whatever, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term “returns” means all United States returns, declarations, reports, statements and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.
2.39
ERISA Compliance. The Company and any “employee benefit plan” (as defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (collectively, “ERISA”)) established or maintained by the Company or its “ERISA Affiliates” (as defined below) are in compliance in all material respects with ERISA. “ERISA Affiliate” means, with respect to the Company, any member of any group of organizations described in Sections 414(b),(c),(m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the “Code”) of which the Company is a member. No “reportable event” (as defined under ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates. No “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates, if such “employee benefit plan” were terminated, would have any “amount of unfunded benefit liabilities” (as defined under ERISA). Neither the Company, nor any of its ERISA Affiliates has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any material liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any “employee benefit plan” or (ii) Sections 412, 4971, 4975 or 4980B of the Code. Each “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company, or any of its ERISA Affiliates that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and, to the knowledge of the Company, nothing has occurred, whether by action or failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification.
2.40
Compliance with Laws. The Company: (A) is and at all times has been in compliance with all statutes, rules, regulations, ordinances, judgments, orders and decrees of all Governmental Entities applicable to the Company’s business (“Applicable Laws”), except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in or have a Material Adverse Change; (B) has not received any warning letter, untitled letter or other correspondence or notice from any other Governmental Entity alleging or asserting noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, consents, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits, orders and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws (“Authorizations”); (C) possesses all material Authorizations and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and are not in material violation of any term of any such Authorizations; (D) has not received notice of any claim, action, suit, litigation, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, inquiry, arbitration or other action from any Governmental Entity or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and has no knowledge that any such Governmental Entity or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, litigation proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, inquiry, arbitration or other action; (E) has not received notice that any Governmental Entity has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations and has no knowledge that any such Governmental Entity is considering such action; (F) has filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, filings, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and correct on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); and (G) has not, either voluntarily or involuntarily, initiated, conducted, or issued or caused to be initiated, conducted or issued, any recall, market withdrawal or replacement, safety alert, post-sale warning, “dear doctor” letter, or other notice or action relating to the alleged lack of safety or efficacy of any product or any alleged product defect or violation and, to the Company’s knowledge, no third party has initiated, conducted or intends to initiate any such notice or action.
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2.41
Ineligible Issuer. At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) of the Securities Act Regulations) of the Securities and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” as defined in Rule 405, without taking account of any determination by the Commission pursuant to Rule 405 that it is not necessary that the Company be considered an ineligible issuer.
2.42
Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all foreign, federal, state and local rules, laws and regulations relating to the use, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous or toxic substances or waste and protection of health and safety or the environment which are applicable to their businesses (“Environmental Laws”), except where the failure to comply would not, singularly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change. There has been no storage, generation, transportation, handling, treatment, disposal, discharge, emission, or other release of any kind of toxic or other wastes or other hazardous substances by, due to, or caused by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or, to the Company’s knowledge, any other entity for whose acts or omissions the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may otherwise be liable) upon any of the property now or previously owned or leased by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries , or upon any other property, in violation of any law, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, order, judgment, decree or permit or which would, under any law, statute, ordinance, rule (including rule of common law), regulation, order, judgment, decree or permit, give rise to any liability; and there has been no disposal, discharge, emission or other release of any kind onto such property or into the environment surrounding such property of any toxic or other wastes or other hazardous substances with respect to which the Company has knowledge.
2.43
Real Property. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or have valid rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real or personal property which are material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, security interests, claims and defects that do not, singly or in the aggregate, materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; and all of the leases and subleases material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one enterprise, and under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries holds properties described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, are in full force and effect, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of any material claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary under any of the leases or subleases mentioned above, or affecting or questioning the rights of the Company or such Subsidiary to the continued possession of the leased or subleased premises under any such lease or sublease.
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2.44
Contracts Affecting Capital. There are no transactions, arrangements or other relationships between and/or among the Company, any of its affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act Regulations) and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity that could reasonably be expected to materially affect the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ liquidity or the availability of or requirements for their capital resources required to be described or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus which have not been described or incorporated by reference as required.
2.45
Loans to Directors or Officers. There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees or indebtedness by the Company or its Subsidiaries to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company, its Subsidiaries or any of their respective family members, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
2.46
Smaller Reporting Company. As of the time of filing of the Registration Statement, the Company was, and currently is, a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act Regulations.
2.47
Industry Data. The statistical and market-related data included in each of the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate or represent the Company’s good faith estimates that are made on the basis of data derived from such sources.
2.48
Margin Securities. The Company owns no “margin securities” as that term is defined in Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”), and none of the proceeds of Offering will be used, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin security, for the purpose of reducing or retiring any indebtedness which was originally incurred to purchase or carry any margin security or for any other purpose which might cause any of the shares of Common Stock to be considered a “purpose credit” within the meanings of Regulation T, U or X of the Federal Reserve Board.
2.49
Exchange Act Reports. The Company has filed in a timely manner all reports required to be filed pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(e), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (except to the extent that Section 15(d) requires reports to be filed pursuant to Sections 13(d) and 13(g) of the Exchange Act, which shall be governed by the next clause of this sentence); and the Company has filed in a timely manner all reports required to be filed pursuant to Sections 13(d) and 13(g) of the Exchange Act since January 1, 2023, except where the failure to timely file could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Change.
2.50
Minute Books. The minute books of the Company and each Subsidiary have been made available to the Placement Agent and Placement Agent Counsel, and such books (i) contain a complete summary of all meetings and actions of the board of directors (including each board committee) and stockholders of the Company and each Subsidiary (or analogous governing bodies and interest holders, as applicable), and since January 2023 through the date of the latest meeting and action, and (ii) accurately in all material respects reflect all transactions referred to in such minutes. There are no material transactions, agreements, dispositions or other actions of the Company and each Subsidiary that are not properly approved and/or accurately and fairly recorded in the minute books of the Company or its Subsidiary, as applicable.
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2.51
Integration. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause the Offering to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of the Securities Act that would require the registration of any such securities under the Securities Act.
2.52
No Stabilization. Neither the Company nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or stockholders (without the consent of the Placement Agent) has taken or shall take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under Regulation M of the Exchange Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.
2.53
Confidentiality and Non-Competition. To the Company’s knowledge, no director, officer, key employee or consultant of the Company is subject to any confidentiality, non-disclosure, non- competition agreement or non-solicitation agreement with any employer or prior employer that could reasonably be expected to materially affect his ability to be and act in his respective capacity of the Company or be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
2.54
Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not (i) alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communications, other than Testing-the-Waters Communications with the written consent of the Placement Agent and with entities that are qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act and (ii) authorized anyone other than the Placement Agent to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company confirms that the Placement Agent has been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications other than those listed on Schedule 2-B hereto. “Written Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
2.55
Electronic Road Show. The Company has made available a Bona Fide Electronic Road Show in compliance with Rule 433(d)(8)(ii) of the Securities Act Regulations such that no filing of any “road show” (as defined in Rule 433(h) of the Securities Act Regulations) is required in connection with the Offering.
3.
Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees as follows:
3.1
Amendments to Registration Statement. The Company shall deliver to the Placement Agent, prior to filing, any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus proposed to be filed after the date hereof and not file any such amendment or supplement to which the Placement Agent shall reasonably object in writing.
3.2
Federal Securities Laws.
3.2.1.
Compliance. The Company, subject to Section 3.2.2, shall comply with the requirements of Rule 424(b) and Rule 430A of the Securities Act Regulations, and will notify the Placement Agent promptly, and confirm the notice in writing, (i) when any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any Preliminary Prospectus, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus shall have been filed and when any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement shall become effective; (ii) of the receipt of any comments from the Commission; (iii) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any Preliminary Prospectus, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or for additional information; (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes or of any examination pursuant to Section 8(d) or 8(e) of the Securities Act concerning the Registration Statement; and (v) if the Company becomes the subject of a proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act in connection with the Offering of the Securities. The Company shall effect all filings required under Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act Regulations, in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8)), and shall take such steps as it deems necessary to ascertain promptly whether the form of prospectus transmitted for filing under Rule 424(b) was received for filing by the Commission and, in the event that it was not, it will promptly file such prospectus. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order, prevention or suspension and, if any such order is issued, to obtain the lifting thereof at the earliest possible moment.
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3.2.2.
Continued Compliance. The Company shall comply with the Securities Act, the Securities Act Regulations, the Exchange Act and the Exchange Act Regulations so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Securities as contemplated in this Agreement and in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. If at any time when a prospectus relating to the Securities is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172 of the Securities Act Regulations (“Rule 172”), would be) required by the Securities Act to be delivered in connection with sales of the Securities, any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary, in the opinion of counsel for the Placement Agent or for the Company, to (i) amend the Registration Statement in order that the Registration Statement will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) amend or supplement the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order that the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances existing at the time it is delivered to a purchaser or (iii) amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, in order to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations, the Company will promptly (A) give the Placement Agent notice of such event; (B) prepare any amendment or supplement as may be necessary to correct such statement or omission or to make the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus comply with such requirements and, a reasonable amount of time prior to any proposed filing or use, furnish the Placement Agent with copies of any such amendment or supplement and (C) file with the Commission any such amendment or supplement; provided, however, that the Company shall not file or use any such amendment or supplement to which the Placement Agent or counsel for the Placement Agent shall reasonably object. The Company will furnish to the Placement Agent such number of copies of such amendment or supplement as the Placement Agent may reasonably request. The Company has given the Placement Agent notice of any filings made pursuant to the Exchange Act or the Exchange Act Regulations within 48 hours prior to the Applicable Time. The Company shall give the Placement Agent notice of its intention to make any such filing from the Applicable Time until the Closing Date and will furnish the Placement Agent with copies of the related document(s) a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Placement Agent or counsel for the Placement Agent shall reasonably object.
3.2.3.
Exchange Act Registration. For a period of three (3) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall use its best efforts to maintain the registration of the shares of Common Stock under the Exchange Act. The Company shall not deregister the shares of Common Stock under the Exchange Act without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent.
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3.2.4.
Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, it shall not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” or a portion thereof, required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433; provided, however, that the Placement Agent shall be deemed to have consented to each Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus hereto and any “road show that is a written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) that has been reviewed by the Placement Agent. The Company represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each such free writing prospectus consented to, or deemed consented to, by the Placement Agent as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and that it has complied and will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 433 with respect thereto, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. If at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Placement Agent and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.
3.2.5.
Testing-the-Waters Communications. If at any time following the distribution of any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company shall promptly notify the Placement Agent and shall promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication to eliminate or correct such untrue statement or omission.
3.3
Delivery to the Placement Agent of Registration Statements. The Company has delivered or made available or shall deliver or make available to the Placement Agent and Placement Agent Counsel, without charge, signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (including exhibits filed therewith or incorporated by reference therein and documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein) and signed copies of all consents and certificates of experts, and will also deliver to the Placement Agent, without charge, a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) for each of the Placement Agent. The copies of the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto furnished to the Placement Agent will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.
3.4
Delivery to the Placement Agent of Prospectuses. The Company has delivered or made available or will deliver or make available to the Placement Agent, without charge, as many copies of each Preliminary Prospectus as the Placement Agent reasonably requested, and the Company hereby consents to the use of such copies for purposes permitted by the Securities Act. The Company will furnish to the Placement Agent, without charge, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Securities is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act, such number of copies of the Prospectus (as amended or supplemented) as the Placement Agent may reasonably request. The Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto furnished to the Placement Agent will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.
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3.5
Effectiveness and Events Requiring Notice to the Placement Agent. The Company shall use its best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to remain effective with a current prospectus until the later of (i) at least nine (9) months after the Applicable Time and (ii) through and including the expiration date of the Pre-Funded Warrants (or the date that all the Pre-Funded Warrants have been exercised, if earlier), and shall notify the Placement Agent immediately and confirm the notice in writing: (i) of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto; (ii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iii) of the issuance by any state securities commission of any proceedings for the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iv) of the mailing and delivery to the Commission for filing of any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus; (v) of the receipt of any comments or request for any additional information from the Commission; and (vi) of the happening of any event during the period described in this Section 3.5 that, in the judgment of the Company, makes any statement of a material fact made in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus untrue or that requires the making of any changes in (a) the Registration Statement in order to make the statements therein not misleading, or (b) in the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If the Commission or any state securities commission shall enter a stop order or suspend such qualification at any time, the Company shall make every reasonable effort to obtain promptly the lifting of such order.
3.6
Review of Financial Statements. For a period of five (5) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company, at its expense, shall cause its regularly engaged independent registered public accounting firm to review (but not audit) the Company’s financial statements for each of the three fiscal quarters immediately preceding the announcement of any quarterly financial information.
3.7
Listing. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing of the shares of Common Stock (including the Securities) on the Exchange for at least three (3) years from the date of this Agreement.
3.8
Financial Public Relations Firm. The Company has retained a financial public relations firm reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and the Company, which firm shall be experienced in assisting issuers in public offerings of securities and in their relations with their security holders, and shall retain such firm or another firm reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent for a period of not less than two (2) years after the date hereof.
3.9
Reports to the Placement Agent.
3.9.1.
Periodic Reports, etc. For a period of three (3) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall furnish or make available to the Placement Agent copies of such financial statements and other periodic and special reports as the Company from time to time furnishes generally to holders of any class of its securities and also promptly furnish to the Placement Agent: (i) a copy of each periodic report the Company shall be required to file with the Commission under the Exchange Act and the Exchange Act Regulations; (ii) a copy of every press release and every news item and article with respect to the Company or its affairs which was released by the Company; (iii) a copy of each Form 8-K prepared and filed by the Company; (iv) five copies of each registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act; (v) a copy of each report or other communication furnished to stockholders; and (vi) such additional documents and information with respect to the Company and the affairs of any future subsidiaries of the Company as the Placement Agent may from time to time reasonably request; provided, however, the Placement Agent shall sign, if requested by the Company, a Regulation FD compliant confidentiality agreement which is reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and Placement Agent Counsel in connection with the Placement Agent’s receipt of such information. Documents filed with the Commission pursuant to its EDGAR system shall be deemed to have been delivered to the Placement Agent pursuant to this Section 3.9.1.
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3.9.2.
Transfer Agent; Transfer Sheets. For a period of three (3) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall retain a Transfer Agent and shall furnish to the Placement Agent at the Company’s sole cost and expense such transfer sheets of the Company’s securities as the Placement Agent may reasonably request, including the daily and monthly consolidated transfer sheets of the Transfer Agent and DTC. West Coast Stock Transfer, Inc. is acceptable to the Placement Agent to act as Transfer Agent for the shares of Common Stock.
3.9.3.
Trading Reports. During such time as the Securities are listed on the Exchange, the Company shall provide to the Placement Agent, at the Company’s expense, such reports published by Exchange relating to price trading of the Securities, as the Placement Agent shall reasonably request.
3.10
Payment of Expenses. The Company hereby agrees to pay on the Closing Date, to the extent not paid prior to the Closing Date, all expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement, including, but not limited to: (a) all filing fees and communication expenses relating to the registration of the Securities to be sold in the Offering with the Commission; (b) all filing fees and expenses associated with the review of the Offering by FINRA; (c) all fees and expenses relating to the listing of the Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the NYSE or the NYSE American and on such other stock exchanges as the Company and the Placement Agent together determine, including any fees charged by The Depository Trust Company (DTC) for new securities; (d) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of such Shares under the “blue sky” securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions as the Placement Agent may reasonably designate; (e) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration, qualification or exemption of the Securities offered hereby under the securities laws of such foreign jurisdictions as the Placement Agent may reasonably designate; (f) the costs of all mailing and printing of the offering documents; (g) the costs and expenses of a public relations firm; (h) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering certificates representing the Shares; (i) fees and expenses of the transfer agent for the Common Stock; (j) stock transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of the securities from the Company to the Placement Agent; (k) the costs associated with post-Closing advertising the Offering in the national editions of the Wall Street Journal and New York Times; (l) [Intentionally Omitted]; (n) the fees and expenses of the Company’s legal counsel and other agents and representatives; (o) [Intentionally Omitted]; (p) [Intentionally Omitted]; (q) [Intentionally Omitted]; (r) [Intentionally Omitted]; and (s) [Intentionally Omitted]. The Placement Agent may deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date, the expenses set forth herein (less any amounts previously advanced against such actual reimbursable expense) to be paid by the Company to the Placement Agent; provided, however, that in the event that the Offering is terminated, the Company agrees to reimburse the Placement Agent pursuant to Section 7.3.
3.11
Application of Net Proceeds. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the Offering received by it in a manner consistent with the application thereof described under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
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3.12
Delivery of Earnings Statements to Security Holders. The Company shall make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but not later than the first day of the fifteenth (15th) full calendar month following the date of this Agreement, an earnings statement (which need not be certified by independent registered public accounting firm unless required by the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations, but which shall satisfy the provisions of Rule 158(a) under Section 11(a) of the Securities Act) covering a period of at least twelve (12) consecutive months beginning after the date of this Agreement.
3.13
Stabilization. Neither the Company nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or stockholders (without the consent of the Placement Agent) has taken or shall take directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under Regulation M of the Exchange Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.
3.14
Internal Controls. The Company shall maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary in order to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
3.15
Accountants. As of the date of this Agreement, the Company shall continue to retain a nationally recognized independent registered public accounting firm for a period of at least three (3) years after the date of this Agreement. The Placement Agent acknowledges that the Auditor is acceptable to the Placement Agent.
3.16
FINRA. The Company shall advise the Placement Agent (who shall make an appropriate filing with FINRA) if it is or becomes aware that (i) any officer or director of the Company, (ii) any beneficial owner of 10% or more of any class of the Company’s securities or (iii) any beneficial owner of the Company’s unregistered equity securities which were acquired during the 180 days immediately preceding the filing of the Registration Statement is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA).
3.17
No Fiduciary Duties. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent’s responsibility to the Company is solely contractual in nature and that none of the Placement Agent or their affiliates or any selling agent shall be deemed to be acting in a fiduciary capacity, or otherwise owes any fiduciary duty to the Company or any of its affiliates in connection with the Offering and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
3.18
Restriction on Continuous Offerings. Notwithstanding the restrictions contained in Section 3.19, the Company, on behalf of itself and any successor entity, agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, it will not, for a period of ninety (90) days after the date of this Agreement, directly or indirectly in any “at-the-market” or continuous equity transaction, offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company.
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3.19
Company Lock-Up Agreements. The Company, on behalf of itself and any successor entity, agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, it will not for a period of ninety (90) days after the date of this Agreement (the “Lock-Up Period”), (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; (ii) file or cause to be filed any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company other than a registration statement on Form S-4 or Form S-8; (iii) complete any offering of debt securities of the Company, other than entering into a line of credit with a traditional bank or (iv) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of capital stock of the Company, whether any such transaction described in clause (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) above is to be settled by delivery of shares of capital stock of the Company or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The restrictions contained in this Section 3.19 shall not apply to (i) the shares of Common Stock to be sold hereunder, (ii) the issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of a stock option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof, which is disclosed in the Registration Statement, Disclosure Package and Prospectus, provided that such options, warrants, and securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities, excluding the adjustment in the exercise price to $1.00 as a result of the Offering for the warrants issued to Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC, pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 15, 2022, between the Company and Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC, (iii) the issuance by the Company of stock options, shares of capital stock of the Company or other awards under any equity compensation plan of the Company, provided that in each of (ii) and (iii) above, the underlying shares shall be restricted from sale during the entire Lock-Up Period, (iv) the issuance by the Company of restricted shares of Common Stock in connection with mergers, acquisitions or joint ventures, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the Lock-Up Period, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities, and (v) the issuance by the Company of restricted shares of Common Stock to consultants in the Company’s ordinary course of business and not for capital raising transactions and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the Lock-Up Period.
3.20
Blue Sky Qualifications. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts, in cooperation with the Placement Agent, if necessary, to qualify the Securities for offering and sale under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Placement Agent may designate and to maintain such qualifications in effect so long as required to complete the distribution of the Securities; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject.
3.21
Reporting Requirements. The Company, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Securities is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act, will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act within the time periods required by the Exchange Act and Exchange Act Regulations. Additionally, the Company shall report the use of proceeds from the issuance of the Securities as may be required under Rule 463 under the Securities Act Regulations.
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3.22
Press Release. Prior to the Closing Date and for a period of ten (10) days after the Closing Date, the Company shall not issue any press release or other communication directly or indirectly or hold any press conference with respect to the Company, its condition, financial or otherwise, or earnings, business affairs or business prospects (except for routine oral marketing communications in the ordinary course of business and consistent with the past practices of the Company and of which the Placement Agent is notified), without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, unless in the judgment of the Company and its counsel, and after notification to the Placement Agent, such press release or communication is required by law.
3.23
Sarbanes Oxley. The Company shall at all times comply with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes Oxley Act in effect from time to time.
3.24
Reservation of Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the Company has irrevocably reserved, and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of pre-emptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares.
3.25
Board Composition and Board Designations. The Company shall ensure that: (i) the qualifications of the persons serving as members of the Board and the overall composition of the Board comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, with the Exchange Act and with the listing rules of the Exchange or any other national securities exchange, as the case may be, in the event the Company seeks to have its Securities listed on another exchange or quoted on an automated quotation system, and (ii) if applicable, at least one member of the Audit Committee of the Board qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined under Regulation S-K and the listing rules of the Exchange.
4.
Conditions to Closing. The obligations of the Investors to purchase and pay for the Securities, shall be subject to (i) the continuing accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company and the Placement Agent as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date; (ii) the accuracy of the statements of officers of the Company made pursuant to the provisions hereof; (iii) the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder; and (iv) the following conditions:
4.1
Regulatory Matters.
4.1.1.
Commission Actions; Required Filings. At the Closing Date, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued under the Securities Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, contemplated by the Commission. The Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information. The Prospectus containing the Rule 430A Information shall have been filed with the Commission in the manner and within the time frame required by Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8)) or a post-effective amendment providing such information shall have been filed with, and declared effective by, the Commission in accordance with the requirements of Rule 430A under the Securities Act Regulations.
4.1.2.
FINRA Clearance. On or before the date of this Agreement, the Placement Agent shall have received clearance from FINRA as to the amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Placement Agent as described in the Registration Statement.
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4.1.3.
Exchange Clearance. On the Closing Date, the Company’s shares of Common Stock shall have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to official notice of issuance.
4.2
Company Counsel Matters.
4.2.1.
Closing Date Opinion of U.S. Counsel for the Company. On the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received the opinion of McGuireWoods LLP, U.S. counsel to the Company, and a written statement providing certain “10b-5” negative assurances, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Placement Agent, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent.
4.2.2.
Closing Date Opinion of Nevada Counsel for the Company. On the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received the favorable opinion of Fennemore Craig, P.C., Nevada counsel to the Company, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Placement Agent, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent.
4.2.3.
Opinion of Special Intellectual Property Counsels for the Company. On the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received the opinions of Knobbe Martens and Mcdonnell Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff LLP, as special intellectual property counsel for the Company, and a written statement providing certain "10b-5" negative assurances, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Placement Agent, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent.
4.2.4.
Reliance. In rendering such opinions, such counsel may rely: (i) as to matters involving the application of laws other than the laws of the United States and jurisdictions in which they are admitted, to the extent such counsel deems proper and to the extent specified in such opinion, if at all, upon an opinion or opinions (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent) of other counsel reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent, familiar with the applicable laws; and (ii) as to matters of fact, to the extent they deem proper, on certificates or other written statements of officers of the Company and officers of departments of various jurisdictions having custody of documents respecting the corporate existence or good standing of the Company, provided that copies of any such statements or certificates shall be delivered to Placement Agent Counsel if requested.
4.3
Comfort Letters. On the date of this Agreement, the Placement Agent shall have received a cold comfort letter containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants’ comfort letters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained or incorporated by reference or deemed incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, addressed to the Placement Agent and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects to you and to the Auditor, dated as of the date of this Agreement.
4.4
Officers’ Certificates.
4.4.1.
Officers’ Certificate. The Company shall have furnished to the Placement Agent a certificate, dated the Closing Date, of its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer stating that (i) such officers have carefully examined the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and, in their opinion, the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto, as of the Applicable Time and as of the Closing Date did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and the Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time and as of the Closing Date, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus as of its date and as of the Closing Date and the Prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto, as of the respective date thereof and as of the Closing Date, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, (ii) since the effective date of the Registration Statement, no event has occurred which should have been set forth in a supplement or amendment to the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (iii) to the best of their knowledge after reasonable investigation, as of the Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct in all material respects (except for those representations and warranties qualified as to materiality, which shall be true and correct in all respects and except for those representations and warranties which refer to facts existing at a specific date, which shall be true and correct as of such date) and the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date, and (iv) there has not been, subsequent to the date of the most recent audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Disclosure Package, any material adverse change in the financial position or results of operations of the Company, or any change or development that, singularly or in the aggregate, would involve a material adverse change or a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, business, assets or prospects of the Company, except as set forth in the Prospectus.
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4.4.2.
Secretary’s Certificate. At the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of the Company signed by the Secretary of the Company, dated the Closing Date, certifying: (i) that each of the Charter and Bylaws is true and complete, has not been modified and is in full force and effect; (ii) that the resolutions of the Company’s Board of Directors relating to the Offering are in full force and effect and have not been modified; (iii) as to the accuracy and completeness of all correspondence between the Company or its counsel and the Commission; and (iv) as to the incumbency of the officers of the Company. The documents referred to in such certificate shall be attached to such certificate
4.4.3.
Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate. If requested by the Placement Agent, at the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated the Closing Date, with respect to the accuracy of certain information contained in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent.
4.5
No Material Changes. Prior to and on the Closing Date: (i) there shall have been no Material Adverse Change or development involving a prospective Material Adverse Change from the latest dates as of which such condition is set forth in the Registration Statement and no change in the capital stock or debt of the Company, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (ii) no action, suit or proceeding, at law or in equity, shall have been pending or threatened against the Company or any Insider before or by any court or federal or state commission, board or other administrative agency wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding may materially adversely affect the business, operations, properties, assets, prospects or financial condition or income of the Company, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (iii) no stop order shall have been issued under the Securities Act and no proceedings therefor shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; (iv) no action shall have been taken and no law, statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any Governmental Entity which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely affect or potentially materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company; (v) no injunction, restraining order or order of any other nature by any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely affect or potentially materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company; and (vi) the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto shall contain all material statements which are required to be stated therein in accordance with the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations and shall conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations, and neither the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package nor the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
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4.6
Corporate Proceedings. All corporate proceedings and other legal matters incident to the authorization, form and validity of each of this Agreement, the Securities, the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and all other legal matters relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby shall be reasonably satisfactory in all material respects to counsel for the Placement Agent, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel all documents and information that they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.
4.7
Delivery of Agreements.
4.7.1.
Lock-Up Agreements. On or before the date of this Agreement, the Company shall have delivered to the Placement Agent executed copies of the Lock-Up Agreements from each of the persons listed in Schedule 3 hereto.
4.7.2.
Pre-Funded Warrants. On the Closing Date, the Company shall have delivered to the Placement Agent executed copies of the Pre-Funded Warrants.
4.7.3.
Placement Agent’s Warrant Agreement. On the Closing Date, the Company shall have delivered to the Placement Agent an executed copy of the Placement Agent’s Warrant Agreement.
4.8
Additional Documents. At the Closing Date, Placement Agent Counsel shall have been furnished with such documents and opinions as they may require for the purpose of enabling Placement Agent Counsel to deliver an opinion to the Placement Agent, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Placement Agent and Placement Agent Counsel.
5.
Indemnification.
5.1
General. Subject to the conditions set forth below, the Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Placement Agent, its affiliates and each of its and their respective directors, officers, members, employees, representatives, partners, stockholders, affiliates, counsel, and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Placement Agent within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively the “Placement Agent Indemnified Parties,” and each a “Placement Agent Indemnified Party”), against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever (including but not limited to any and all legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, whether arising out of any action between any of the Placement Agent Indemnified Parties and the Company or between any of the Placement Agent Indemnified Parties and any third party, or otherwise) to which they or any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other statute or at common law or otherwise or under the laws of foreign countries (a “Claim”), (i) arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in (A) the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, or in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or in any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication (as from time to time each may be amended and supplemented); (B) any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the Offering, including any “road show” or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically); or (C) any application or other document or written communication (in this Section 5, collectively called “application”) executed by the Company or based upon written information furnished by the Company in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Securities and Placement Agent’s Securities under the securities laws thereof or filed with the Commission, any state securities commission or agency, the Exchange or any other national securities exchange; or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, the Placement Agent’s Information or (ii) otherwise arising in connection with or allegedly in connection with the Offering. The Company also agrees that it will reimburse each Placement Agent Indemnified Party for all fees and expenses (including but not limited to any and all legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, whether arising out of any action between any of the Placement Agent Indemnified Parties and the Company or between any of the Placement Agent Indemnified Parties and any third party, or otherwise) (collectively, the “Expenses”), and further agrees wherever and whenever possible to advance payment of Expenses as they are incurred by a Placement Agent Indemnified Party in investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any Claim.
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5.1.1.
Procedure. If any action is brought against a Placement Agent Indemnified Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought against the Company pursuant to Section 5, such Placement Agent Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the institution of such action and the Company shall assume the defense of such action, including the employment and fees of counsel (subject to the approval of such Placement Agent Indemnified Party) and payment of actual expenses if a Placement Agent Indemnified Party requests that the Company do so. Such Placement Agent Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ its or their own counsel in any such case, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of the Company, and shall be advanced by the Company; provided however, that the Company shall not be obligated to bear the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one firm of attorneys selected by the Placement Agent Indemnified Party (in addition to any local counsel). The Company shall not be liable for any settlement of any action effected without its consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld). In addition, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, settle, compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in or otherwise seek to terminate any pending or threatened action in respect of which advancement, reimbursement, indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not such Placement Agent Indemnified Party is a party thereto) unless such settlement, compromise, consent or termination (i) includes an unconditional release of each Placement Agent Indemnified Party, acceptable to such Placement Agent Indemnified Party, from all liabilities, expenses and claims arising out of such action for which indemnification or contribution may be sought and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any Placement Agent Indemnified Party.
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5.2
Contribution.
5.2.1.
Contribution Rights. If the indemnification provided for in this Section 5 shall for any reason be unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under Section 5.1 or 5.2 in respect of any loss, claim, damage or liability, or any action in respect thereof, referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such loss, claim, damage or liability, or action in respect thereof, (i) in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Agent, on the other, from the Offering of the Securities, or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Agent, on the other, with respect to the statements or omissions that resulted in such loss, claim, damage or liability, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Agent, on the other, with respect to such Offering shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the Offering of the Securities purchased under this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company, as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus, on the one hand, and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Placement Agent with respect to the shares of the Common Stock purchased under this Agreement, as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus, on the other hand. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Placement Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Placement Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 5.2.1 were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, damage or liability, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 5.2.1 shall be deemed to include, for purposes of this Section 5.2.1, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5.2.1 in no event shall the Placement Agent be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Placement Agent with respect to the Offering of the Securities exceeds the amount of any damages that such Placement Agent has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
5.2.2.
Contribution Procedure. Within fifteen (15) days after receipt by any party to this Agreement of notice of the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding, such party will, if a claim for contribution in respect thereof is to be made against another party (“contributing party”), notify the contributing party of the commencement thereof, but the failure to so notify the contributing party will not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any other party other than for contribution hereunder. In case any such action, suit or proceeding is brought against any party, and such party notifies a contributing party of the commencement thereof within the aforesaid 15 days, the contributing party will be entitled to participate therein with the notifying party and any other contributing party similarly notified. Any such contributing party shall not be liable to any party seeking contribution on account of any settlement of any claim, action or proceeding affected by such party seeking contribution without the written consent of such contributing party. The contribution provisions contained in this Section 5.2.2 are intended to supersede, to the extent permitted by law, any right to contribution under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise available.
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6.
Right of First Refusal. The Placement Agent shall have a right of first refusal (the "Right of First Refusal"), for a period of three (3) months after the Closing, to act, except as set forth below, as sole investment banker, sole book-runner and/or sole placement agent, at the Placement Agent’s sole discretion, for each and every future public and private equity offering that is not an “at-the-market” offering (an ATM executed through a broker dealer as sales agent), (such future public and private equity offering, a “Future Offering”), including all equity linked financings, during such three (3) month period for the Company, or any successor to or any subsidiary of the Company, on reasonable and customary terms. If the Company intends to enter into a definitive agreement with a third party for a Future Offering, the Company shall provide the Placement Agent with a written notice (the “ROFR Notice") describing in detail all the material commercial terms and conditions of the proposed agreement, including the scope of the underwriting or placement services, the pricing and payment terms, and the duration and termination rights. The Company shall provide the ROFR Notice to the Placement Agent at least thirty (30) days before the anticipated execution date of the proposed agreement. Within ten (10) days after receiving the ROFR Notice, the Placement Agent may elect, by written notice to the Company, to exercise the ROFR pursuant to which the Placement Agent shall have the right to act as sole investment banker, sole book-runner and/or sole placement agent for such Future Offering on commercial terms that are substantially the same as those set forth in the ROFR Notice and on such other reasonable and customary terms for such Future Offering as the Company and the Placement Agent shall mutually agree. If the Placement Agent exercises the Right of First Refusal, the parties shall negotiate in good faith to execute an underwriting or placement agent agreement for the Future Offering within twenty (20) days after the Placement Agent's notice to the Company exercising the Right of First Refusal, unless otherwise mutually agreed by the Company and the Placement Agent. If the Placement Agent does not exercise the Right of First Refusal within the 10-day period set forth above, the Company shall be free to enter into the proposed agreement with the third party for such Future Offering. The Placement Agent shall have the sole right to determine whether or not any other broker dealer shall have the right to participate in any such offering and the economic terms of any such participation; provided that the Placement Agent shall consider in good faith any broker dealer(s) proposed by the Company. The parties also agree that a Future Offering shall not be deemed to include, and no Right of First Refusal is granted to the Placement Agent in connection with, any of the following: (a) any equity securities directly issued by the Company pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions, including as part of any grant funding from a third party, or (b) any offer or sale of equity securities by the Company directly to non-U.S. persons domiciled in the following jurisdictions: China, Korea, Latin America (excluding Caribbean and the Cayman Islands), Japan, the European Union and Middle East, in each case, in a private placement not otherwise involving a public offering. The Placement Agent may elect, in its sole and absolute discretion, not to exercise its Right of First Refusal with respect to any Future Offering; provided that any such election by the Placement Agent shall not adversely affect the Placement Agent's Right of First Refusal with respect to any other Future Offering during the three (3) month period agreed to above. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Right of First Refusal shall not have a duration of more than three years from the effective date of the Registration Statement in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(6)(A) and the Company has the right to terminate this Agreement for cause in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(5)(B).
7.
Representations and Warranties of the Placement Agent. The Placement Agent represents and warrants to the Company as of the Applicable Time and as of the Closing Date as follows:
7.1
Authority. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Placement Agent, and upon due execution and delivery by the Company, this Agreement will be a valid and binding agreement of the Placement Agent enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by principles of public policy and, as to enforceability, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws relating to or affecting creditor's rights from time to time in effect and subject to general equity principles.
7.2
Compliance with FINRA; Broker-Dealer Registration. The Placement Agent is a member in good standing of FINRA and is registered as a broker-dealer under the Exchange Act. The Placement Agent is in compliance with all applicable rules and regulations of the Commission and FINRA, except to the extent that such noncompliance would not have a material adverse effect on the transactions contemplated hereby.
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8.
Effective Date of this Agreement and Termination Thereof.
8.1
Effective Date. This Agreement shall become effective when both the Company and the Placement Agent have executed the same and delivered counterparts of such signatures to the other party.
8.2
Termination. The term of the Placement Agent’s exclusive engagement will be as set forth in the Engagement Agreement (as defined below). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the provisions concerning confidentiality, indemnification and contribution contained herein and the Company’s obligations contained in the indemnification provisions will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement, and the Company’s obligation to pay fees actually earned and payable and to reimburse expenses actually incurred and reimbursable pursuant to Section 1 hereof and which are permitted to be reimbursed under FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A), will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to limit the ability of the Placement Agent or its Affiliates to pursue, investigate, analyze, invest in, or engage in investment banking, financial advisory or any other business relationship with Persons (as defined below) other than the Company. As used herein (i) “Persons” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind and (ii) “Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
8.3
Expenses. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, in the event that this Agreement shall not be carried out for any reason whatsoever, within the time specified herein or any extensions thereof pursuant to the terms herein, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Placement Agent the expenses related to the transactions contemplated herein then due and payable up to $150,000, and upon demand the Company shall pay the full amount thereof to the Placement Agent; provided, however, that such expense cap in no way limits or impairs the indemnification and contribution provisions of this Agreement.
8.4
Indemnification. Notwithstanding any contrary provision contained in this Agreement, any election hereunder or any termination of this Agreement, and whether or not this Agreement is otherwise carried out, the provisions of Section 5 shall remain in full force and effect and shall not be in any way affected by, such election or termination or failure to carry out the terms of this Agreement or any part hereof.
8.5
Representations, Warranties, Agreements to Survive. All representations, warranties and agreements contained in this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Company submitted pursuant hereto, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Placement Agent or its Affiliates or selling agents, any person controlling the Placement Agent, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Company or (ii) delivery of and payment for the Securities.
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9.
Miscellaneous.
9.1
Notices. All communications hereunder, except as herein otherwise specifically provided, shall be in writing and shall be mailed (registered or certified mail, return receipt requested), personally delivered or sent by electronic mail transmission and confirmed and shall be deemed given when so delivered and confirmed or if mailed, two (2) days after such mailing.
If to the Placement Agent:
ThinkEquity LLC
17 State Street, 41st Floor
New York, New York 10004
Attn: Head of Investment Banking
Email: Notices@think-equity.com
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP
30 Rockefeller Plaza, 39th Floor
New York, New York 10112
Attn: Jeffrey Fessler and Stephen Cohen
e-mail: jfessler@sheppardmullin.com or scohen@sheppardmullin.com
If to the Company:
BioVie Inc.
680 W Nye Lane, Suite 204
Carson City, Nevada 89703
Attention: Cuong Do, CEO
Email: cdo@bioviepharma.com
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
McGuireWoods LLP
1251 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10020
Attention: Stephen Older
Email: solder@mcguirewoods.com and cginley@mcguirewoods.com
9.2
Research Analyst Independence. The Company acknowledges that the Placement Agent’s research analysts and research departments are required to be independent from its investment banking division and are subject to certain regulations and internal policies, and that the Placement Agent’s research analysts may hold views and make statements or investment recommendations and/or publish research reports with respect to the Company and/or the Offering that differ from the views of their investment banking division. The Company acknowledges that the Placement Agent is a full service securities firm and as such from time to time, subject to applicable securities laws, rules and regulations, may effect transactions for its own account or the account of its customers and hold long or short positions in debt or equity securities of the Company; provided, however, that nothing in this Section 9.2 shall relieve the Placement Agent of any responsibility or liability it may otherwise bear in connection with activities in violation of applicable securities laws, rules or regulations.
9.3
Headings. The headings contained herein are for the sole purpose of convenience of reference, and shall not in any way limit or affect the meaning or interpretation of any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement.
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9.4
Amendment. This Agreement may only be amended by a written instrument executed by each of the parties hereto.
9.5
Entire Agreement. This Agreement (together with the other agreements and documents being delivered pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement) constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings of the parties, oral and written, with respect to the subject matter hereof. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Engagement Agreement, dated May 31, 2026 (“Engagement Agreement”), between the Company and the Placement Agent shall continue to be effective and the terms therein shall continue to survive and be enforceable by the Placement Agent in accordance with its terms, provided that, in the event of a conflict between the terms of the Engagement Agreement and this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall prevail.
9.6
Binding Effect. This Agreement shall inure solely to the benefit of and shall be binding upon the Placement Agent, the Company and the controlling persons, directors and officers referred to in Section 5 hereof, and their respective successors, legal representatives, heirs and assigns, and no other person shall have or be construed to have any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of or by virtue of this Agreement or any provisions herein contained. The term “successors and assigns” shall not include a purchaser, in its capacity as such, of securities from any of the Placement Agent.
9.7
Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction; Trial by Jury. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to conflict of laws principles thereof. The Company hereby agrees that any action, proceeding or claim against it arising out of, or relating in any way to this Agreement shall be brought and enforced in the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and irrevocably submits to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be exclusive. The Company hereby waives any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum. Any such process or summons to be served upon the Company may be served by transmitting a copy thereof by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed to it at the address set forth in Section 9.1 hereof. Such mailing shall be deemed personal service and shall be legal and binding upon the Company in any action, proceeding or claim. The Company agrees that the prevailing party(ies) in any such action shall be entitled to recover from the other party(ies) all of its reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses relating to such action or proceeding and/or incurred in connection with the preparation therefor. The Company (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its stockholders and affiliates) and each of the Placement Agent hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
9.8
Execution in Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement, and shall become effective when one or more counterparts has been signed by each of the parties hereto and delivered to each of the other parties hereto. Delivery of a signed counterpart of this Agreement by facsimile or email/pdf transmission shall constitute valid and sufficient delivery thereof.
9.9
Waiver, etc. The failure of any of the parties hereto to at any time enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement shall not be deemed or construed to be a waiver of any such provision, nor to in any way effect the validity of this Agreement or any provision hereof or the right of any of the parties hereto to thereafter enforce each and every provision of this Agreement. No waiver of any breach, non- compliance or non-fulfillment of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument executed by the party or parties against whom or which enforcement of such waiver is sought; and no waiver of any such breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment shall be construed or deemed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment.
[Signature Page Follows]
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If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Placement Agent and the Company, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between us.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| BIOVIE INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
Confirmed as of the date first written above mentioned
THINKEQUITY LLC
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: |
| -37- |
SCHEDULE 1
Terms
Number of Shares:[*]
Number of Pre-Funded Warrants: [*]
Offering Price per share: $[*]
Offering Price per Pre-Funded Warrant: $[*]
Proceeds to Company (before expenses): $[*]
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SCHEDULE 2-A
Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectuses
[Not applicable.]
| -39- |
SCHEDULE 2-B
Written Testing-the-Waters Communications
None.
| -40- |
SCHEDULE 3
List of Lock-Up Parties
Cuong Do
Joanne Wendy Kim
Joseph Palumbo
Jim Lang
Amy Chappell
Kameel Farag
Sigmund Rogich
Michael Sherman
| -41- |
EXHIBIT A
Form of Placement Agent’s Warrant Agreement
THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THIS PURCHASE WARRANT BY ITS ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT SELL, TRANSFER OR ASSIGN THIS PURCHASE WARRANT EXCEPT AS HEREIN PROVIDED AND THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THIS PURCHASE WARRANT AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT SELL, TRANSFER, ASSIGN, PLEDGE OR HYPOTHECATE THIS PURCHASE WARRANT FOR A PERIOD OF ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY DAYS FOLLOWING THE COMMENCEMENT DATE (DEFINED BELOW) TO ANYONE OTHER THAN (I) THINKEQUITY LLC OR A PLACEMENT AGENT OR A SELECTED DEALER IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING, OR (II) A BONA FIDE OFFICER OR PARTNER OF THINKEQUITY LLC OR OF ANY SUCH PLACEMENT AGENT OR SELECTED DEALER.
THIS PURCHASE WARRANT IS NOT EXERCISABLE PRIOR TO [*], 2026. VOID AFTER 5:00 P.M., EASTERN TIME, [*], 2031.
WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK
BIOVIE INC.
| Warrant Shares: [*] | Initial Issuance Date: [*], 2026 |
THIS WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK ( “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after [*], 2026 (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and, in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(A), prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York time) on the date that is five (5) years following the Commencement Date (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from BioVie Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), up to [*] shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Warrant Shares”), as subject to adjustment hereunder. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).
Section 1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Business Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.
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“Commencement Date” means [*], 2026, the date on which sales of the securities issued in the Offering commenced.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Offering” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Placement Agent Agreement.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Placement Agent Agreement” means the placement agency agreement, dated [*], 2026, by and between the Company and the Holder as placement agent set forth therein.
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the Nasdaq Capital Market is open for trading.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of a share of Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on the OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of the Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holder and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
| -43- |
Section 2. Exercise.
a) Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company (or such other office or agency of the Company as it may designate by notice in writing to the registered Holder at the address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company) of a duly executed facsimile copy (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise Form annexed hereto. Within two (2) Trading Days following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within five (5) Trading Days of the date the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise Form within two (2) Business Days of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per share of the Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $[*], subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).
c) Cashless Exercise. In lieu of exercising this Warrant by delivering the aggregate Exercise Price by wire transfer or cashier’s check, at the election of the Holder this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive the number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:
(A) = the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date on which Holder elects to exercise this Warrant by means of a “cashless exercise,” as set forth in the applicable Notice of Exercise;
(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.
| -44- |
If Warrant Shares are issued in such a “cashless exercise,” the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of this Warrant being exercised, and the holding period of this Warrant being exercised may be tacked on to the holding period of the Warrant Shares. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section 2(c).
d) Mechanics of Exercise.
i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by its transfer agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder, or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner- of- sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 and, in either case, the Warrant Shares have been sold by the Holder prior to the Warrant Share Delivery Date (as defined below), and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is one (1) Trading Day after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”) provided that the Company shall not be obligated to deliver the Warrant Shares hereunder unless the Company has received the aggregate Exercise Price on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date. If the Warrant Shares can be delivered via DWAC, the transfer agent shall have received from the Company, at the expense of the Company, any legal opinions or other documentation required by it to deliver such Warrant Shares without legend (subject to receipt by the Company of reasonable back up documentation from the Holder, including with respect to affiliate status) and, if applicable and requested by the Company prior to the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the transfer agent shall have received from the Holder a confirmation of sale of the Warrant Shares (provided the requirement of the Holder to provide a confirmation as to the sale of Warrant Shares shall not be applicable to the issuance of unlegended Warrant Shares upon a cashless exercise of this Warrant if the Warrant Shares are then eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144(b)(1)). The Warrant Shares shall be deemed to have been issued, and Holder or any other person so designated to be named therein shall be deemed to have become a holder of record of such shares for all purposes, as of the date the Warrant has been exercised, with payment to the Company of the Exercise Price (or by cashless exercise, if permitted) and all taxes required to be paid by the Holder, if any, pursuant to Section 2(d)(vi) prior to the issuance of such shares, having been paid. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a proper Notice of Exercise by the first Trading Day following the Warrant Share Delivery Date, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the instance of a cashless exercise) is received by the Company by such date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after the second Trading Day following such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise.
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ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.
iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause its transfer agent to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise; provided, however, that the Holder shall be required to return any Warrant Shares or Common Stock subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to Holder of the aggregate Exercise Price paid to the Company for such Warrant Shares and the restoration of Holder’s right to acquire such Warrant Shares pursuant to this Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).
iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause its transfer agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date (other than any such failure that is solely due to any action or inaction by the Holder with respect to such exercise), and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
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v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.
vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all transfer agent fees required for same- day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.
vii. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.
viii. Signature. This Section 2 and the exercise form attached hereto set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Holder in order to exercise this Purchase Warrant. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original exercise form shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any exercise form be required in order to exercise this Purchase Warrant. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Holder to exercise this Purchase Warrant. The Company shall honor exercises of this Purchase Warrant and shall deliver Warrant Shares underlying this Purchase Warrant in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth herein.
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e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Company’s transfer agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.
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Section 3. Certain Adjustments.
a) Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification. For the purposes of clarification, the Exercise Price of this Warrant will not be adjusted in the event that the Company or any subsidiary of the Company , as applicable, sells or grants any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, at an effective price per share less than the Exercise Price then in effect.
b) [RESERVED]
c) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
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d) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend (other than cash dividends) or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of shares or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a "Distribution"), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.
e) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin- off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable by holders of Common Stock as a result of such Fundamental Transaction for each share of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(e) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.
f) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.
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g) Notice to Holder.
i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder a notice by mail or e-mail setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock (a reverse stock split shall not be deemed a reclassification), any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be mailed a notice to the Holder at its last address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to provide such notice or any defect therein shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the subsidiaries of the Company, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.
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Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.
a) Transferability. Subject to any applicable securities laws and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d), this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.
a) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
b) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.
c) Representation by the Holder. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.
Section 5. Registration Rights.
5.1
Demand Registration.
a)
Grant of Right. The Company, upon written demand (a “Demand Notice”) of the Holder(s) of at least 51% of the Warrants and/or the underlying Warrant Shares, agrees to register, on one occasion, all or any portion of the Warrant Shares underlying the Warrants (collectively, the “Registrable Securities”). On such occasion, the Company will file a registration statement with the Commission covering the Registrable Securities within sixty (60) days after receipt of a Demand Notice and use its reasonable best efforts to have the registration statement declared effective promptly thereafter, subject to compliance with review by the Commission; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to comply with a Demand Notice if the Company has filed a registration statement with respect to which the Holder is entitled to piggyback registration rights pursuant to Section 5.2 hereof and either: (i) the Holder has elected to participate in the offering covered by such registration statement or (ii) if such registration statement relates to an underwritten primary offering of securities of the Company, until the offering covered by such registration statement has been withdrawn or until thirty (30) days after such offering is consummated. The demand for registration may be made at any time beginning on the Initial Exercise Date and expiring on the fifth anniversary of the Commencement Date in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(C). The Company covenants and agrees to give written notice of its receipt of any Demand Notice by any Holder(s) to all other registered Holders of the Warrants and/or the Registrable Securities within ten (10) days after the date of the receipt of any such Demand Notice.
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b)
Terms. The Company shall bear all fees and expenses attendant to the registration of the Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 5.1(a), but the Holders shall pay any and all underwriting commissions and the expenses of any legal counsel selected by the Holders to represent them in connection with the sale of the Registrable Securities. The Company agrees to use its reasonable best efforts to cause the filing required herein to become effective promptly and to qualify or register the Registrable Securities in such States as are reasonably requested by the Holder(s); provided, however, that in no event shall the Company be required to register the Registrable Securities in a State in which such registration would cause: (i) the Company to be obligated to register or license to do business in such State or submit to general service of process in such State, or (ii) the principal stockholders of the Company to be obligated to escrow their shares of capital stock of the Company. The Company shall cause any registration statement filed pursuant to the demand right granted under Section 5.1(a) to remain effective for a period of at least twelve (12) consecutive months after the date that the Holders of the Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement are first given the opportunity to sell all of such securities. The Holders shall only use the prospectuses provided by the Company to sell the Warrant Shares covered by such registration statement, and will immediately cease to use any prospectus furnished by the Company if the Company advises the Holder that such prospectus may no longer be used due to a material misstatement or omission. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5.1(b), the Holder shall be entitled to a demand registration under this Section 5.1(b) on only one (1) occasion and such demand registration right shall terminate on the fifth anniversary of the Commencement Date in accordance with FINRA Rules 5110(g)(8)(B) and 5110(g)(8)(C).
5.2
“Piggy-Back” Registration.
a)
Grant of Right. In addition to the demand right of registration described in Section 5.1 hereof, the Holder shall have the right, for a period of no more than seven (7) years from the Initial Exercise Date in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(D), to include the Registrable Securities as part of any other registration of securities filed by the Company (other than in connection with a transaction contemplated by Rule 145(a) promulgated under the Securities Act or pursuant to Form S-8 or any equivalent form); provided, however, that if, solely in connection with any primary underwritten public offering for the account of the Company, the managing underwriter(s) thereof shall, in its reasonable discretion, impose a limitation on the number of Shares which may be included in the Registration Statement because, in such underwriter(s)’ judgment, marketing or other factors dictate such limitation is necessary to facilitate public distribution, then the Company shall be obligated to include in such Registration Statement only such limited portion of the Registrable Securities with respect to which the Holder requested inclusion hereunder as the underwriter shall reasonably permit. Any exclusion of Registrable Securities shall be made pro rata among the Holders seeking to include Registrable Securities in proportion to the number of Registrable Securities sought to be included by such Holders; provided, however, that the Company shall not exclude any Registrable Securities unless the Company has first excluded all outstanding securities, the holders of which are not entitled to inclusion of such securities in such Registration Statement or are not entitled to pro rata inclusion with the Registrable Securities.
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b)
Terms. The Company shall bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 5.2(a) hereof, but the Holders shall pay any and all underwriting commissions and the expenses of any legal counsel selected by the Holders to represent them in connection with the sale of the Registrable Securities. In the event of such a proposed registration, the Company shall furnish the then Holders of outstanding Registrable Securities with not less than thirty (30) days written notice prior to the proposed date of filing of such registration statement. Such notice to the Holders shall continue to be given for each registration statement filed by the Company during the five (5) year period following the Initial Exercise Date until such time as all of the Registrable Securities have been sold by the Holder. The holders of the Registrable Securities shall exercise the “piggy-back” rights provided for herein by giving written notice within ten (10) days of the receipt of the Company’s notice of its intention to file a registration statement. Except as otherwise provided in this Warrant, there shall be no limit on the number of times the Holder may request registration under this Section 5.2(b); provided, however, that such registration rights shall terminate on the second anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date.
5.3
General Terms
a)
Indemnification. The Company shall indemnify the Holder(s) of the Registrable Securities to be sold pursuant to any registration statement hereunder and each person, if any, who controls such Holders within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against all loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (including all reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any claim whatsoever) to which any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, arising from such registration statement but only to the same extent and with the same effect as the provisions pursuant to which the Company has agreed to indemnify the Placement Agent contained in Section 5.1 of the Placement Agent Agreement. The Holder(s) of the Registrable Securities to be sold pursuant to such registration statement, and their successors and assigns, shall severally, and not jointly, indemnify the Company, against all loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (including all reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any claim whatsoever) to which they may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, arising from information furnished by or on behalf of such Holders, or their successors or assigns, in writing, for specific inclusion in such registration statement to the same extent and with the same effect as the provisions contained in Section 5.1 of the Placement Agent Agreement pursuant to which the Placement Agent has agreed to indemnify the Company.
| -54- |
b)
Exercise of Warrants. Nothing contained in this Warrant shall be construed as requiring the Holder to exercise its Warrants prior to or after the initial filing of any registration statement or the effectiveness thereof.
c)
Documents Delivered to Holders. The Company shall furnish to each Holder participating in any of the foregoing offerings and to each underwriter of any such offering, if any, a signed counterpart, addressed to such Holder or underwriter, of: (i) an opinion of counsel to the Company, dated the effective date of such registration statement (and, if such registration includes an underwritten public offering, an opinion dated the date of the closing under any underwriting agreement related thereto), and (ii) a “cold comfort” letter dated the effective date of such registration statement (and, if such registration includes an underwritten public offering, a letter dated the date of the closing under the underwriting agreement) signed by the independent registered public accounting firm which has issued a report on the Company’s financial statements included in such registration statement, in each case covering substantially the same matters with respect to such registration statement (and the prospectus included therein) and, in the case of such accountants’ letter, with respect to events subsequent to the date of such financial statements, as are customarily covered in opinions of issuer’s counsel and in accountants’ letters delivered to underwriters in underwritten public offerings of securities. The Company shall also deliver promptly to each Holder participating in the offering requesting the correspondence and memoranda described below and to the managing underwriter, if any, copies of all correspondence between the Commission and the Company, its counsel or auditors and all memoranda relating to discussions with the Commission or its staff with respect to the registration statement and permit each Holder and underwriter to do such investigation, upon reasonable advance notice, with respect to information contained in or omitted from the registration statement as it deems reasonably necessary to comply with applicable securities laws or rules of FINRA. Such investigation shall include access to books, records and properties and opportunities to discuss the business of the Company with its officers and independent auditors, all to such reasonable extent and at such reasonable times as any such Holder shall reasonably request.
d)
Underwriting Agreement. The Company shall enter into an underwriting agreement with the managing underwriter(s), if any, selected by any Holders whose Registrable Securities are being registered pursuant to this Section 5, which managing underwriter shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company. Such agreement shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Company, each Holder and such managing underwriters, and shall contain such representations, warranties and covenants by the Company and such other terms as are customarily contained in agreements of that type used by the managing underwriter. The Holders shall be parties to any underwriting agreement relating to an underwritten sale of their Registrable Securities and may, at their option, require that any or all the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company to or for the benefit of such underwriters shall also be made to and for the benefit of such Holders. Such Holders shall not be required to make any representations or warranties to or agreements with the Company or the underwriters except as they may relate to such Holders, their Warrant Shares and their intended methods of distribution.
e)
Documents to be Delivered by Holder(s). Each of the Holder(s) participating in any of the foregoing offerings shall furnish to the Company a completed and executed questionnaire provided by the Company requesting information customarily sought of selling security holders.
| -55- |
f)
Damages. Should the registration or the effectiveness thereof required by Sections 5.1 and 5.2 hereof be delayed by the Company or the Company otherwise fails to comply with such provisions, the Holder(s) shall, in addition to any other legal or other relief available to the Holder(s), be entitled to obtain specific performance or other equitable (including injunctive) relief against the threatened breach of such provisions or the continuation of any such breach, without the necessity of proving actual damages and without the necessity of posting bond or other security.
Section 6. Miscellaneous.
a)
No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i).
b)
Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.
c)
Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Trading Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Trading Day.
d)
Authorized Shares.
The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
| -56- |
Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
e)
Jurisdiction. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Placement Agent Agreement.
f)
Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.
g)
Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant or the Placement Agent Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.
h)
Notices. Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered in accordance with the notice provisions of the Placement Agent Agreement.
i)
Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.
| -57- |
j)
Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.
k)
Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.
l)
Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.
m)
Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.
n)
Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.
********************
| -58- |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.
| BIOVIE INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| -59- |
NOTICE OF EXERCISE
| TO: | BIOVIE INC. |
(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.
(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):
[ ] in lawful money of the United States; or
[ ] if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).
(3) Please register and issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number or by physical delivery of a certificate to:
(4) Accredited Investor. If the Warrant is being exercised via cash exercise, the undersigned is an “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]
| Name of Investing Entity: |
| Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: |
| Name of Authorized Signatory: |
| Title of Authorized Signatory: |
| Date: |
| -60- |
ASSIGNMENT FORM
(To assign the foregoing warrant, execute
this form and supply required information. Do
not use this form to exercise the warrant.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, [ ] all of or [ ] shares of the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to
_________________________________________________________________ whose address is
____________________________________________________________________________________________.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Dated:____________________, __________
| Holder’s Signature: | ||
| Holder’s Address: | ||
|
|
NOTE: The signature to this Assignment Form must correspond with the name as it appears on the face of the Warrant, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever. Officers of corporations and those acting in a fiduciary or other representative capacity should file proper evidence of authority to assign the foregoing Warrant.
| -61- |
Exhibit 4.20
PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT
BIOVIE INC.
| Warrant Shares: |
| Issue Date: , 2026 |
THIS PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the Issue Date and until this Warrant is exercised in full (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from BioVie Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), up to shares of Common Stock (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one Warrant Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).
Section 1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Common Stock” means the Class A common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Placement Agency Agreement” means the placement agency agreement, dated as of , 2026, between the Company and ThinkEquity LLC, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.
“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
“Registration Statement” means the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333- ).
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the OTCQB, OTCQX or Pink Open Market operated by OTC Markets Group, the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transfer Agent” means West Coast Stock Transfer, Inc., 721 N. Vulcan Ave. 1st FL, Encinitas, CA 92024, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“Warrants” means this Warrant and other Pre-Funded Common Stock Purchase Warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement and as disclosed in the Registration Statement.
Section 2. Exercise.
a) Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Issue Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date the Holder delivers the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall deliver to the Company the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased in connection with such partial exercise. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
b) Exercise Price. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded to the Company on or prior to the Issue Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant. The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any circumstance or for any reason whatsoever. The remaining unpaid exercise price per Warrant Share under this Warrant shall be $0.0001, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).
c) Cashless Exercise. This Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares for the deemed surrender of the Warrant in whole or in part equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:
| 2 |
| (A) = | as applicable: (i) the Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b)(68) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (x) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (y) the Bid Price of the Common Stock as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day), or (iii) the Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day; |
| (B) = | the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and |
| (X) = | the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise. |
The issue price for each such Warrant Share to be issued pursuant to the cashless exercise of a Warrant will be equal to (B), as defined above, and the total issue price for the aggregate number of Warrant Shares issued pursuant to the cashless exercise of a Warrant will be deemed paid and satisfied in full by the deemed surrender to the Company of the portion of such Warrant being exercised in accordance with this Section 2(c). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to make any cash payments or net cash settlement to the Holder in lieu of delivery of the Warrant Shares. If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).
“Bid Price” means, for any security as of the particular time of determination, the bid price for such security on the Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg as of such time of determination, or, if the Trading Market is not the principal securities exchange or trading market for such security, the bid price of such security on the principal securities exchange or trading market where such security is listed or traded as reported by Bloomberg as of such time of determination, or if the foregoing does not apply, the bid price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security as reported by Bloomberg as of such time of determination, or, if no bid price is reported for such security by Bloomberg as of such time of determination, the average of the bid prices of any market makers for such security as reported on the Pink Open Market as of such time of determination. If the Bid Price cannot be calculated for a security as of the particular time of determination on any of the foregoing bases, the Bid Price of such security as of such time of determination shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such fair market value shall be determined pursuant to the provisions set forth in clause (d) of the definition of VWAP. All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, share split, share consolidation, reclassification or other similar transaction during the applicable calculation period.
| 3 |
“Closing Sale Price” means, for any security as of any date, the last closing trade price for such security on the Trading Market, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Trading Market begins to operate on an extended hours basis and does not designate the closing trade price, then the last trade price of such security prior to 4:00:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Trading Market is not the principal securities exchange or trading market for such security, the last trade price of such security on the principal securities exchange or trading market where such security is listed or traded as reported by Bloomberg, or if the foregoing do not apply, the last trade price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no last trade price is reported for such security by Bloomberg, the average of the ask prices of any market makers for such security as reported in the OTC Link or on the Pink Open Market. If the Closing Sale Price cannot be calculated for a security on a particular date on any of the foregoing bases, the Closing Sale Price of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such fair market value shall be determined pursuant to the provisions set forth in clause (d) of the definition of VWAP. All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, share split, share consolidation, reclassification or other similar transaction during the applicable calculation period.
“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted for trading on a Trading Market other than the OTCQB, OTCQX or Pink Open Market operated by OTC Markets Group, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the Common Stock is then quoted for trading on the OTCQB or OTCQX operated by OTC Markets Group, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is then quoted for trading on the Pink Open Market operated by OTC Markets Group (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock reported on the Pink Open Market, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
| 4 |
d) Mechanics of Exercise.
| i. | Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (the “DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the Holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date (other than the failure of the Holder to timely deliver the aggregate Exercise Price, unless the Warrant is validly exercised by means of a cashless exercise), the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered to said Holder or the Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a Transfer Agent that is a participant in the Fast Automated Securities Transfer or FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Issue Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Placement Agency Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Issue Date. |
| ii. | Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of the Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant. |
| iii. | Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise. |
| 5 |
| iv. | Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue by (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) and return any amount received by the Company in respect of the Exercise Price for those Warrant Shares or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases shares of Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of Warrants with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof. |
| v. | No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share. |
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| vi. | Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same- day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares. |
| vii. | Closing of Books. The Company shall not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof. |
| e) | Holder’s Exercise Limitations. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, and any such attempted exercise shall be void and of no effect, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates and any other Persons whose beneficial ownership of the Common Stock would or could be aggregated with the Holder’s for purposes of Section 13(d) (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, non-exercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or non-converted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding (the “Reported Outstanding Share Number”). Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two (2) Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. Upon the written request of the Holder, the Company shall notify the Holder in writing of the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant. |
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Section 3. Certain Adjustments.
| a) | Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split or consolidation) outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of Common Stock any shares of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination, re-classification or bonus share issue. |
| b) | Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). |
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| c) | Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). |
| d) | Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger, amalgamation, arrangement or consolidation of the Company (either alone or together with its Subsidiaries) with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of shares of Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which shares of Common Stock are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger, amalgamation, or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant (the “Fundamental Transaction Rights”)), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation or is otherwise the continuing corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of shares of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares or other securities of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of or other securities (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares or securities, such number of shares or securities and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction). Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Fundamental Transaction Rights would result in the Holder and its Attribution Parties, collectively, beneficially owning in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation of the shares of Common Stock that would be issued and outstanding following receipt of such Fundamental Transaction Rights (such excess amount of Common Stock, the “Excess Fundamental Transaction Rights”), then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Fundamental Transaction Rights to the extent of the Excess Fundamental Transaction Rights (and shall not have the right to acquire such Excess Fundamental Transaction Rights). The Excess Fundamental Transaction Rights shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time or times as (1) its right to receive some or all of the Excess Fundamental Transaction Rights would not result in the Holder and its Attribution Parties beneficially owning shares of Common Stock in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation and (2) the Holder so certifies in writing to the Company and specifies the number of shares of Common Stock it is able to receive without exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, at which time or times the Holder shall be granted that portion of the Excess Fundamental Transaction Rights (and any Excess Fundamental Transaction Rights granted, issued or sold on such initial Fundamental Transaction Rights or on any subsequent Fundamental Transaction Rights to be held similarly in abeyance) to the same extent as if there had been no such limitation. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(d) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the date of exercise. |
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| e) | Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding. |
| f) | Notice to Holder. |
i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the shares of Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of the Company or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger, amalgamation or arrangement to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record are to be entitled to such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, amalgamation, arrangement, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, amalgamation, arrangement sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its subsidiaries (the “Subsidiaries”), the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.
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Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.
a) Transferability. This Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. This Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.
b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the original Issue Date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.
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Section 5. Miscellaneous.
a) No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in no event, including if the Company is for any reason unable to issue and deliver Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant as required pursuant to the terms thereof, shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.
b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which shall in no event include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company shall make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.
c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Trading Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Trading Day.
d) Authorized Shares. The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company shall take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed or quoted for trading. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, amalgamation, arrangement, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of the Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company shall (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and non-assessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
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Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
| e) | Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflict of laws thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretation, enforcement and defense of this Warrant shall be commenced in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan (the “New York Courts”). Each party hereto hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the New York Courts for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any provision hereunder), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such New York Courts, or such New York Courts are improper or inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, then the prevailing party in such action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred in the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or Proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this paragraph shall limit or restrict the federal district court in which the Holder may bring a claim under the federal securities laws. |
f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.
g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. No provision of this Warrant shall be construed as a waiver by the Holder of any rights which the Holder may have under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate Proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.
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| h) | Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile or by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 680 W Nye Lane Suite 204, Carson City, NV 89703, Attention: Wendy Kim, email address: wkim@bioviepharma.com or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile, email or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the facsimile number, email address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. |
| i) | Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company. |
j) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.
k) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.
l) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holder on the other hand.
m) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.
| 14 |
n) No Expense Reimbursement. The Holder shall in no way be required to pay, or to reimburse the Company for, any fees or expenses of the Company’s transfer agent in connection with the issuance or holding or sale of the Common Stock, Warrants and/or Warrant Shares. The Company shall solely be responsible for any and all such fees and expenses.
o) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.
(Signature Page Follows)
| 15 |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.
| BIOVIE INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
NOTICE OF EXERCISE
TO: BIOVIE INC.
(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.
(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):
| ☐ | in lawful money of the United States; or |
| ☐ | the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c). |
(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number: __________________
[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]
| Name of Investing Entity: |
| Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: |
| Name of Authorized Signatory: |
| Title of Authorized Signatory: |
| Date: |
ASSIGNMENT FORM
(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute
this form and supply required information.
Do not use this form to purchase shares.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to
| Name: | |
| (Please Print) | |
| Address: | |
| (Please Print) | |
| Phone Number: | |
| Email Address: | |
| Dated:__________________, ________ | |
| Holder’s Signature: | |
| Holder’s Address: |
Exhibit 5.1
|
|
9275 W. Russell Road, Suite 240 PH (702) 692-8026 | FX (702) 692-8075 fennemorelaw.com |
July 31, 2026
BioVie Inc.
680 West Nye Lane, Suite 201
Carson City, Nevada 489703
| Re: | BioVie Inc./Registration Statement on Form S-1 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special Nevada counsel to BioVie Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the registration, offering, issuance, and sale by the Company of: (a) up to 56,390,977 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”); (b) up to 56,390,977 pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 56,390,977 shares of the Company’s Common Stock with an exercise price equal to $0.0001 per share; and (c) up to 56,390,977 shares (the “Pre-Funded Warrant Shares”) issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants. The Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants, and the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.”
The Securities are being offered, sold, and issued under the terms of a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agency Agreement”) to be entered into by and between the Company and ThinkEquity LLC, as the placement agent. The Securities are being registered under a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.333-297552) (the “Registration Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act).
For purposes of these opinions, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of:
(a)
the Registration Statement;
(b)
Placement Agency Agreement;
(c)
form of Pre-Funded Warrant; and
BioVie Inc.
July 31, 2026
Page 2
(d)
resolutions of the Board of Directors and such other matters as relevant related to the (i) issuance and the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act, and (ii) such other matters as relevant.
We have obtained from officers and agents of the Company and from public officials, and have relied upon, such certificates, representations, and assurances as we have deemed necessary and appropriate for purposes of rendering this opinion letter. We have also examined such other corporate documents, records, certificates, and instruments (collectively with the documents identified in (a) through (d) above, the “Documents”) as we deem necessary or advisable to render the opinions set forth herein.
In our examination, we have assumed:
(a)
the legal capacity of all natural persons executing the Documents;
(b)
the genuineness of all signatures on the Documents;
(c)
the authenticity of all Documents submitted to us as originals, and the conformity to original documents of all Documents submitted to us as copies;
(d)
that the parties to such Documents, other than the Company, had the power, corporate or other, to enter into and perform all obligations thereunder;
(e)
other than with respect to the Company, the due authorization by all requisite action, corporate or other, of the Documents;
(f)
the execution, delivery, and performance by all parties of the Documents; and
(g)
that all Documents are valid, binding, and enforceable against the parties thereto.
We have relied upon the accuracy and completeness of the information, factual matters, representations, and warranties contained in such Documents.
We note that the Company has reserved, and assume that it will continue to reserve, sufficient authorized shares of its Common Stock to allow for the issuance of its shares of Common Stock upon sale of the Shares and exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants.
The opinions expressed below are limited to the matters specifically set forth herein and no other opinion shall be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any subsequent changes in the facts stated or assumed for purposes of delivering these opinions expressed herein or any changes in applicable law that may come to our attention after the date the Registration Statement is declared effective.
BioVie Inc.
July 31, 2026
Page 3
On the basis of the foregoing and in reliance thereon, and subject to the assumptions, limitations, and qualifications set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:
| (a) | the Shares have been duly authorized, and when issued against payment in accordance with the terms of the Placement Agency Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable; and |
| (b) | the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares have been duly authorized, and when issued upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants in accordance with the terms thereof, will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable. |
While certain members of this firm are admitted to practice in certain jurisdictions other than Nevada, in rendering the foregoing opinions we have not examined the laws of any jurisdiction other than Nevada. Accordingly, we express no opinion regarding the effect of the laws of any other jurisdiction or state, including any federal laws. The opinions we express herein are limited solely to the laws of the State of Nevada, other than the securities laws and regulations of the State of Nevada as to which we express no opinion.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and we consent to the reference of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving the foregoing consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
|
Very truly yours,
/s/ Fennemore Craig, P.C.
Fennemore Craig, P.C. |
tmor/cdol
Exhibit 5.2
July 31, 2026
BioVie Inc.
680 West Nye Lane, Suite 201
Carson City, Nevada 89703
| Re: | Registration Statement on Form S-1 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special counsel to BioVie Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”) in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (as amended and supplemented from time to time, the “Registration Statement”), initially filed by the Company on July 17, 2026 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and the preliminary prospectus forming part of the Registration Statement (the “Prospectus”). Pursuant to the Registration Statement, the Company is proposing to offer and sell (i) up to 56,390,977 shares (the “Shares”) of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”) and (ii) up to 56,390,977 pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 56,390,977 shares of Common Stock.
This opinion letter is being furnished in accordance with the requirements of Item 16 of Form S-1 and Item 601(b)(5)(i) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
The Shares and the Pre-funded Warrants will be offered to the public in accordance with a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agency Agreement”) to be entered into with ThinkEquity LLC, as placement agent.
Documents Reviewed
In connection with this opinion letter, we have examined the following documents:
(a)
the Registration Statement;
(b)
the Prospectus;
(c)
the form of Placement Agency Agreement, filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement; and
(d)
the form of Pre-funded Warrant, filed as Exhibit 4.20 to the Registration Statement.
In addition, we have examined and relied upon originals, or copies identified to our satisfaction as being true copies, of such other records, documents and instruments as we have deemed necessary for the purposes of this opinion letter.
“Applicable Law” means the laws of the State of New York.
McGuireWoods LLP | www.mcguirewoods.com
Atlanta | Austin | Baltimore | Charlotte | Charlottesville | Chicago | Dallas | Houston | Jacksonville | London | Los Angeles - Century City | New York |
Norfolk | Pittsburgh | Raleigh | Richmond | San Francisco | Seattle | Tysons | Washington, D.C.
BioVie Inc.
July 31, 2026
Page 2
Assumptions Underlying Our Opinion
For all purposes of the opinion expressed herein, we have assumed, without independent investigation, the following:
(a)
Factual Matters. To the extent that we have reviewed and relied upon (i) certificates of the Company or authorized representatives thereof, (ii) representations of the Company as set forth in the Placement Agency Agreement and (iii) certificates and assurances from public officials, all of such certificates, representations and assurances are accurate with regard to factual matters and all official records (including filings with public authorities) are properly indexed and filed and are accurate and complete.
(b)
Authentic and Conforming Documents. All documents submitted to us as originals are authentic, complete and accurate, and all documents submitted to us as copies conform to authentic original documents.
(c)
Signatures; Legal Capacity. The signatures of individuals who will sign the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants are genuine. All individuals who will sign the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants have the legal capacity to execute the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants.
(d)
Organizational Status, Power and Authority of Certain Parties. All parties to the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants (other than any individual) (i) are or will be, as of the date the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants are executed and delivered, validly existing and in good standing in their respective jurisdictions of formation and (ii) have or will have, as of the date the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants are executed and delivered, the power and authority to execute, deliver and perform the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants and the documents required or permitted to be delivered and performed thereunder.
(e)
Authorization, Execution and Delivery. The Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants and the documents required or permitted to be delivered thereunder have been or will be, as of the date the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants are executed and delivered, duly authorized by all necessary corporate, limited liability company, business trust, partnership or other action on the part of the parties thereto and have been or will be, as of the date the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants are executed and delivered, duly executed and delivered by such parties.
(f)
Placement Agency Agreement Binding on Certain Parties. The Placement Agency Agreement and the documents required or permitted to be delivered thereunder are or will be, as of the date the Placement Agency Agreement is executed and delivered, valid and binding obligations enforceable against the parties thereto in accordance with their terms, except that no such assumption is made as to the Company with respect to the Pre-funded Warrants.
(g)
Form and Governing Law of Certain Documents. The Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants, the forms of which are filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement, will be consistent with such respective forms. The Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants will be governed by the laws of the State of New York.
(h)
Noncontravention. Neither the issuance of the Pre-funded Warrants by the Company or the execution and delivery of the Placement Agency Agreement or the Pre-funded Warrants by any party thereto nor the performance by such party of its obligations thereunder will conflict with or result in a breach of (i) the certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws, certificate or articles of organization, operating agreement, certificate of limited partnership, partnership agreement, trust agreement or other similar organizational documents of any such party, (ii) any law or regulation of any jurisdiction applicable to any such party except that no such assumption is made as to the Company as to any Applicable Law as of the date hereof, or (iii) any order, writ, injunction or decree of any court or governmental instrumentality or agency applicable to any such party or any agreement or instrument to which any such party may be a party or by which its properties are subject or bound.
(i)
Governmental Approvals. All consents, approvals and authorizations of, or filings with, all governmental authorities that are required as a condition to the issuance of the Pre-funded Warrants by the Company or to the execution and delivery of the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants by the parties thereto or the performance by such parties of their obligations thereunder have been obtained or made.
BioVie Inc.
July 31, 2026
Page 3
(j)
Registration. The Registration Statement shall have been declared effective under the Securities Act and such effectiveness shall not have been terminated or rescinded.
(k)
No Mutual Mistake, Amendments, etc. There has not been, and will not be, as of the date of the Placement Agency Agreement, any mutual mistake of fact, fraud, duress or undue influence in connection with the issuance of the Pre-funded Warrants as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Placement Agency Agreement. There are and will be no oral or written statements or agreements that modify, amend or vary, or purport to modify, amend or vary, any of the terms of the Placement Agency Agreement or the Pre-funded Warrants.
Our Opinion
Based on and subject to the foregoing and the exclusions, qualifications, limitations and other assumptions set forth in this opinion letter, we are of the opinion that when (i) the Pre-funded Warrants have been executed and delivered by the Company as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Placement Agency Agreement, and (ii) the Company has received the consideration provided for in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Placement Agency Agreement, the Pre-funded Warrants will constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
Matters Excluded from Our Opinion
We express no opinion with respect to the following matters:
(a)
Indemnification and Change of Control. The enforceability of any agreement relating to (i) indemnification, contribution or exculpation from costs, expenses or other liabilities or (ii) changes in the organizational control or ownership of any party, which agreement (in the case of clause (i) or clause (ii)) is contrary to public policy or Applicable Law.
(b)
Jurisdiction, Venue, etc. The enforceability of any agreement to submit to the jurisdiction of any specific federal or state court (other than the enforceability in a court of the State of New York of any such agreement to submit to the jurisdiction of a court of the State of New York), to waive any objection to the laying of the venue, to waive the defense of forum non conveniens in any action or proceeding referred to therein, to waive trial by jury, to effect service of process in any particular manner or to establish evidentiary standards, and any agreement regarding the choice of law governing the Placement Agency Agreement and the Pre-funded Warrants (other than the enforceability in a court of the State of New York or in a federal court sitting in the State of New York and applying New York law to any such agreement that the laws of the State of New York shall govern).
(c)
Remedies. The enforceability of any provision in the Placement Agency Agreement or the Pre-funded Warrants to the effect that rights or remedies are not exclusive, that every right or remedy is cumulative and may be exercised in addition to any other right or remedy, that the election of some particular remedy does not preclude recourse to one or more others or that failure to exercise or delay in exercising rights or remedies will not operate as a waiver of any such right or remedy.
(d)
Exercise Price Adjustments. The validity, legally binding effect or enforceability of any provision in the Pre-funded Warrants that requires or relates to adjustments to the exercise price at a rate or in an amount that a court would determine in the circumstances under Applicable Law to be commercially unreasonable or a penalty or forfeiture.
Qualifications and Limitations Applicable to Our Opinion
The opinion set forth above is subject to the following qualifications and limitations:
(a)
Applicable Law. Our opinion is limited to the Applicable Law, and we do not express any opinion concerning any other law.
BioVie Inc.
July 31, 2026
Page 4
(b)
Bankruptcy. Our opinion is subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency (including, without limitation, laws relating to preferences, fraudulent transfers and equitable subordination), reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally.
(c)
Equitable Principles. Our opinion is subject to the effect of general principles of equity (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing. In applying such principles, a court, among other things, might limit the availability of specific equitable remedies (such as injunctive relief and the remedy of specific performance), might not allow a creditor to accelerate maturity of debt or exercise other remedies upon the occurrence of a default deemed immaterial or for non-credit reasons or might decline to order a debtor to perform covenants in the Placement Agency Agreement or the Pre-funded Warrants.
(d)
Unenforceability of Certain Provisions. Provisions contained in the Placement Agency Agreement or the Pre-funded Warrants which require waivers or amendments to be made only in writing may be unenforceable or ineffective, in whole or in part. The inclusion of such provisions, however, does not render the Placement Agency Agreement or the Pre-funded Warrants invalid as a whole.
(e)
Choice of New York Law and Forum. To the extent that our opinion relates to the enforceability of the choice of New York law or any choice of New York forum provisions of the Placement Agency Agreement or the Pre-funded Warrants, our opinion is rendered in reliance upon N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law §§ 5-1401 and 5-1402 and N.Y. CPLR 327(b) and is subject to the qualification that such enforceability may be limited by principles of public policy, comity and constitutionality. We express no opinion as to whether a United States federal court would have subject-matter or personal jurisdiction over a controversy arising under the Placement Agency Agreement or the Pre-funded Warrants.
Miscellaneous
The foregoing opinion is being furnished only for the purpose referred to in the first paragraph of this opinion letter. Our opinion is based on statutes, regulations and administrative and judicial interpretations which are subject to change. We undertake no responsibility to update or supplement our opinion subsequent to the effective date of the Registration Statement. Headings in this opinion letter are intended for convenience of reference only and shall not affect its interpretation. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement filed on the date hereof, and to the reference to our firm in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus under the caption “Legal Matters.” In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder.
| Very truly yours, | |
| /s/ McGuireWoods LLP |
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the inclusion in this Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement of BioVie Inc. on Form S-1 (No. 333-297552) to be filed on or about July 31, 2026 of our report dated August 15, 2025, on our audits of the financial statements as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 and for each of the years then ended. Our report includes an explanatory paragraph about the existence of substantial doubt concerning the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in this Registration Statement.
/s/ EisnerAmper LLP
EISNERAMPER LLP
Iselin, New Jersey
July 31, 2026