CETY 10-K/A
Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (CETY)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Amendment No. 3)
(Mark One)
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For
the fiscal year ended:
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from _______________________ to ____________________________________
Commission
File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Registrant’s telephone number)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| The
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
☐
Yes ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
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Yes ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
☐ Yes ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
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Yes ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
If
securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the
registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate
by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation
received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐
Yes
The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 28, 2024, was $
The number of shares of common stock outstanding on June 4, 2026, was shares, after giving effect to the 1-for-15 reverse stock split effected October 06, 2025.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Accordingly, the Company determined (i) that the impact of the errors was material for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, (ii) to amend the Annual Report and restate the financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 therein to correct those errors, and (iii) to amend the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2025, June 30, 2025, and September 30, 2025, and restate the financial statements in those Quarterly Reports.
The restatement adjustments in this Amendment No. 3 include reclassifications of receivables, recognition of write-offs, adjustments to allowance for credit losses, and present value adjustments related to long-term financing receivables, and warrant issuance and change in fair value of the warrants. as more fully described in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements. Certain portions of the cumulative effect of these adjustments relate to periods prior to January 1, 2023, and have been reflected as prior period adjustments in the accompanying financial statements. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 for additional information and a reconciliation of the previously reported amounts to the restated amounts.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Note about Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time the statements are made and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in this report.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:
| ● | our possible or assumed future results of operations; | |
| ● | our business strategies; | |
| ● | our ability to attract and retain customers; | |
| ● | our ability to sell additional products and services to customers; | |
| ● | our cash needs and financing plans; | |
| ● | our competitive position; | |
| ● | our industry environment; | |
| ● | our potential growth opportunities; | |
| ● | expected technological advances by us or by third parties and our ability to leverage them; | |
| ● | Our inability to predict or anticipate the duration or long-term economic and business consequences of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; | |
| ● | the effects of future regulation; | |
| ● | our ability to protect or monetize our intellectual property; | |
| ● | changes in United States and China trade policies and relations, as well as relations with other countries, and/or changes in regulations and/or sanctions; | |
| ● | actions the Chinese government may take to intervene in or influence our operations; | |
| ● | uncertainties in the Chinese legal system, such as Chinese regulations regarding acquisitions of companies based in mainland China by foreign investors and the ability of our Chinese subsidiaries to make payments to us; and | |
| ● | approval, filing, or procedural requirements imposed by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) or other Chinese regulatory authorities in connection with issuing securities to foreign investors under Chinese law. |
You should read any other cautionary statements made in this Annual Report as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Annual Report. We cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report will prove to be accurate and therefore prospective investors are encouraged not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. You should read this Annual Report completely. Other than as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future. We undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
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Disclosures Relating to Our Chinese Operations
Clean Energy Technologies Inc. is a company incorporated in the State of Nevada with operations in North America, Europe, and Asia, including in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC” or “China”). Our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya, an entity in which we own a 49% equity interest, operate our natural gas trading operations in China to source and supply natural gas to industries and municipalities located in China. Throughout this Annual Report, unless the context requires otherwise, (i) the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. on a consolidated basis with its wholly-owned subsidiaries; (ii) “the PRC Subsidiaries” refers specifically to those wholly-owned subsidiaries of ours located in the People’s Republic of China (including Hong Kong), which include Clean Energy Technologies (H.K.) Limited, Meishan Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., Hainan Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., Element Capital International Limited (H.K.), Sichuan Hunya Jieneng New Energy Co. LTD, and Jiangsu Huanya Jieneng New Energy Co., Ltd.; and (iii) “Shuya” refers to Sichuan Hongzuo Shuya Energy Limited.
We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties due to our operations in China. Our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya could be adversely affected by uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system. Rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice. The interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations involve additional uncertainties. Since administrative and court authorities in China have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and contractual terms, it may be difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy. In addition, the Chinese government exercises significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of the business of our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya and may intervene in or influence their operations as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals, which could result in a material change in their operations in China and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale, including causing the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Furthermore, the Chinese government has recently exerted more oversight and control over overseas securities offerings and other capital markets activities and foreign investment in China-based companies. Any such actions, once taken by the Chinese government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China – The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we conduct our business operations. It may influence or intervene in our operations at any time as part of its efforts to enforce PRC law, which could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of the securities we are offering”; and “— The approval or record filing of the CSRC, CAC, or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our future capital raising activities under the PRC laws.”
The PRC government has initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. We do not believe that we, our PRC Subsidiaries or Shuya are directly subject to these regulatory actions or statements; however, because these statements and regulatory actions are relatively new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative rule making bodies in China will respond to them, or what existing or new laws or regulations will be modified or promulgated, if any, or the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on the daily business operations or ability to accept foreign investments of our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya. On December 24, 2021, nine government agencies jointly issued the Opinions on Promoting the Healthy and Sustainable Development of Platform Economy, which provides that, among others, monopolistic agreements, abuse of dominant market position and illegal concentration of business operators in the field of platform economy will be strictly investigated and punished in accordance with the relevant laws. Neither our PRC Subsidiaries nor Shuya hold a dominant market position in their product markets, and they have not entered into any monopolistic agreement. Neither have they received any inquiry from the relevant governmental authorities. The Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”), together with 12 other Chinese regulatory authorities, released the final version of the Revised Measures for Cybersecurity Review, or the Revised Cybersecurity Measures, in December 2021, which took effect on February 15, 2022. Pursuant to the Revised Cybersecurity Measures, critical information infrastructure operators procuring network products and services and online platform operators carrying out data processing activities, which affect or may affect national security, shall conduct a cybersecurity review pursuant to the provisions therein. In addition, online platform operators possessing personal information of more than one million users seeking to be listed on foreign stock markets must apply for a cybersecurity review. On November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Draft Regulations on the Network Data Security Administration (Draft for Comments) (the “Security Administration Draft”), which provides that data processing operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security must be subject to cybersecurity review by the relevant Cyberspace Administration of the PRC. We do not believe that our PRC Subsidiaries or Shuya are “online platform operators” within the meaning of the Revised Cybersecurity Measures, and neither our PRC Subsidiaries nor Shuya currently possess over one million Chinese users’ personal information and do not anticipate that they will be collecting over one million Chinese users’ personal information in the foreseeable future. In addition, neither our PRC Subsidiaries nor Shuya will be subject to Security Administration Draft if the Security Administration Draft is enacted as proposed, since they currently do not collect data that affects or may affect national security and we do not anticipate that our PRC Subsidiaries or Shuya will be collecting data that affects or may affect national security in the foreseeable future.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and the relevant five guidelines, which became effective on March 31, 2023. The Trial Measures comprehensively reformed the existing regulatory regime for overseas offering and listing of PRC domestic companies’ securities and will regulate both direct and indirect overseas offering and listing of PRC domestic companies’ securities by adopting a filing-based regulatory regime. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, PRC domestic companies that seek to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either in direct or indirect means, are required to fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC and report relevant information. The Trial Measures provides that if the issuer meets both of the following criteria, the overseas securities offering and listing conducted by such issuer will be deemed as indirect overseas offering by PRC domestic companies: (i) 50% or more of any of the issuer’s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent fiscal year is accounted for by domestic companies; and (ii) the principal parts of the issuer’s business activities are conducted in mainland China, or its principal place(s) of business are located in mainland China, or the majority of senior management staff in charge of its business operations and management are PRC citizens or have their usual place(s) of residence located in mainland China. If we ever are required by the CSRC to submit and complete the filing procedures for our future offerings of our securities, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete such filings in a timely manner, or even at all, which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Any failure by us to comply with such filing requirements under the Trial Measures may result in rectification, warnings, and a fine between RMB 1 million and RMB 10 million on our PRC Subsidiaries or Shuya, which could adversely and materially affect our business operations and financial outlook and could cause the value of our common stock to significantly decline or, in extreme cases, become worthless.
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As of the date of this Annual Report, these new laws and guidelines have not impacted the ability of our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya to conduct business and accept foreign investments; however, if (i) we inadvertently conclude that permissions or approvals are not required from applicable PRC authorities or (ii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, our ability to conduct our business in China may be materially impacted, the interest of the investors may be materially and adversely affected and our common stock may significantly decrease in value.
In addition, we face risks associated with the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or HFCAA. Trading in our securities on U.S. markets, including The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Nasdaq”), may be prohibited under the HFCAA if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, determines that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor for two consecutive years. Pursuant to the HFCAA, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report on December 16, 2021, which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong because of positions taken by the authorities in those jurisdictions. In addition, the PCAOB’s report identified the specific registered public accounting firms which are subject to these determinations. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol Agreement with the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance (the “MOF”) of the PRC governing inspections and investigations of audit firms based in China or Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced in the 2022 Determination its determination that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, and the PCAOB Board voted to vacate previous determinations to the contrary. Should the PCAOB again encounter impediments to inspections and investigations in mainland China or Hong Kong as a result of positions taken by any authority in either jurisdiction, including by the CSRC or the MOF, the PCAOB will make determinations under the HFCAA as and when appropriate. Our current auditor, TAAD LLP, is headquartered in the United States, and, as a PCAOB-registered public accounting firm, it is required to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the U.S. and professional standards. TAAD LLP has been subject to PCAOB inspections and is not among the PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in the PRC or Hong Kong that are subject to PCAOB’s determination of having been unable to inspect or investigate completely. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely, if there is any regulatory change or step taken by PRC regulators that does not permit our auditor to provide audit documentations located in China or Hong Kong to the PCAOB for inspection or investigation, or the PCAOB expands the scope of the Determination so that we are subject to the HFCAA, as the same may be amended, you may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Any audit reports not issued by auditors that are completely inspected or investigated by the PCAOB, or a lack of PCAOB inspections of audit work undertaken in China that prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditors’ audits and their quality control procedures, could result in a lack of assurance that our financial statements and disclosures are adequate and accurate, which could result in limitation or restriction to our access to the U.S. capital markets, and trading of our securities, including trading on the national exchange and trading on “over-the-counter” markets, may be prohibited under the HFCAA and our securities may be delisted by an exchange. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China – Recent joint statement by the SEC and the PCAOB, rule changes by Nasdaq, and the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to companies with operations in emerging markets upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our continued listing or future offerings of our securities in the U.S.”
Cash may be transferred within our organization in the following manners: (i) Clean Energy Technologies Inc. may transfer funds to the PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya by way of capital contributions or loans, through intermediate holding subsidiaries or otherwise, as investments or lendings, (ii) the PRC Subsidiaries may make dividends or other distributions to Clean Energy Technologies Inc. through intermediate holding companies or otherwise, and (iii) Shuya may make dividends or other distributions to Clean Energy Technologies Inc., which indirectly owns a 49% equity interest in Shuya, through intermediate holding companies or otherwise. Our abilities to use cash held in PRC or in a PRC entity to fund operations or for other purposes outside of the PRC are subject to restrictions and limitations imposed by the PRC government. Current PRC regulations only permit a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, or WFOE, to pay dividends to its offshore parent company out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the majority of the revenues of our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya are collected in RMB. Thus, foreign exchange shortages and foreign exchange control may also limit their ability to pay dividends or make other payments or otherwise meet our obligations denominated in foreign currencies. Furthermore, we may lose our ability to fund operations or for other uses outside of Hong Kong using cash in Hong Kong or a Hong Kong entity if, in the future, the scope of the current restrictions and limitations applicable to PRC entities were to expand to include Hong Kong or entities based in Hong Kong. Therefore, our ability to transfer cash between PRC entities and entities outside of PRC may be restricted. See “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in China – Our PRC Subsidiary are subject to restrictions on paying dividends or making other payments to us, which may restrict our ability to satisfy our liquidity requirements in the future” and “– PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from making loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC Subsidiaries” for details. As of the date of this Annual Report, (i) we have transferred $2,671,700 in total to our PRC Subsidiaries, and (ii) Jiangsu Huanya Jieneng (“JHJ”), our wholly-owned subsidiary in the PRC, has transferred $730,932 in total to Shuya as a capital contribution for the formation of Shuya. No other cash flows or transfers of other assets have occurred between us, our PRC Subsidiaries, and Shuya. As of the date of this Annual Report, neither any of our PRC Subsidiaries nor Shuya has declared any dividends or made any other distributions to the Company, and no such dividends or distributions are anticipated in the near future.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
General
The Company’s business and operating results are directly affected by changes in overall customer demand, operational costs and performance and leverage of our fixed cost and selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) infrastructure.
Product sales fluctuate in response to several factors including many that are beyond the Company’s control, such as general economic conditions, interest rates, government regulations, consumer spending, labor availability, and our customers’ production rates and inventory levels. Product sales consist of demand from customers in many different markets with different levels of cyclicality and seasonality.
Operating performance is dependent on the Company’s ability to manage changes in input costs for items such as raw materials, labor, and overhead operating costs. Performance is also affected by manufacturing efficiencies, including items such as on time delivery, quality, scrap, and productivity. Market factors of supply and demand can impact operating costs.
Who We Are
We develop renewable energy products and solutions and establish partnerships in renewable energy that make environmental and economic sense. Our mission is to be a segment leader in the Zero Emission Revolution by offering turnkey energy solutions leveraging advanced technologies by delivering eco-friendly green energy solutions, clean energy fuels and alternative electric power for small and mid-sized projects in North America, Europe, and Asia. We target sustainable energy solutions that are profitable for us, profitable for our customers and represent the future of global energy production.
Our principal businesses
Waste Heat Recovery Solutions – we recycle wasted heat produced in manufacturing, waste to energy and power generation facilities using our patented Clean CycleTM generator to create electricity which can be recycled or sold to the grid.
Waste to Energy Solutions - we convert waste products created in manufacturing, agriculture, wastewater treatment plants and other industries to electricity, renewable natural gas (“RNG”), hydrogen and bio char which are sold or used by our customers.
Engineering, Consulting and Project Management Solutions – We provide power generation, waste to energy, and heat recovery Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) services to municipal and industrial customers and to design and incorporate clean energy solutions in their projects.
CETY HK
Clean Energy Technologies (H.K.) Limited (“CETY HK”) consists of two business ventures in mainland China: (i) our natural gas (“NG”) trading operations sourcing and suppling NG to industries and municipalities, operated through our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya. The NG is principally used for heavy truck refueling stations and urban or industrial users. We purchase large quantities of NG from large wholesale NG depots at fixed prices which are prepaid for in advance at a discount to market. We sell the NG to our customers at prevailing daily spot prices for the duration of the contracts; and (ii) our planned joint venture with a large state-owned gas enterprise in China called Shenzhen Gas (Hong Kong) International Co. Ltd. (“Shenzhen Gas”), acquiring natural gas pipeline operator facilities, primarily located in the southwestern part of China. Our planned joint venture with Shenzhen Gas plans to acquire, with financing from Shenzhen Gas, natural gas pipeline operator facilities with the goal of aggregating and selling the facilities to Shenzhen Gas in the future. According to our Framework Agreement with Shenzhen Gas, we will be required to contribute $8 million to the joint venture which plans to raise in future rounds of financing. The terms of the joint venture are subject to the execution of definitive agreements. CETY HK has not commenced business with Shenzhen Gas due to macro-economic factors such as falling NG prices and reduced industrial demand. CETY HK will wait until macro economic factors have improved before commencement of the Shenzhen Gas joint venture.
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Our Business Strategy
Our strategy is focused on further developing our existing Waste Heat Recovery business while expanding into the rapidly growing markets for Waste to Energy Solutions and power generation and integrated clean energy engineering, and project management services.
Our strategy focuses on three main elements:
| ● | Expanding our Waste Heat Recovery product line to include waste heat recovery ORC systems producing over 1 MW of power so we can qualify for midsized and large heat recovery projects in the United States, Europe, and Asia. | |
| ● | Establishing a Waste to Energy business by selling our ablative thermal processing products based on proprietary HTAP technology and building small and mid-sized waste to energy power plants producing electricity and RNG for the grid and methane, hydrogen and biochar. | |
| ● | Leveraging our engineering, procurement and manufacturing experience to assist our customers with turnkey energy solutions leveraging advanced technologies. |
We intend to implement this strategy through:
| ○ | We have added a new ORC system manufactured by Exergy for Heat Recovery applications that will enable us to implement projects in the markets producing between 1 MW and 10 MW of electricity. | |
| ○ | To support the growing energy demands of data centers, we have added power generation capabilities to provide immediate and reliable power. | |
| ○ | Taking advantage of Inflation Reduction act of 2022 federal investment tax credits and state incentives that now include waste heat recover as a recognized clean energy source making our Clean Cycle Generator and ORC systems more profitable to install. On August 2022, Congress passed the Inflation Reduction act offering 30% Investment Tax Credit and technology neutral tax credits offering clean electricity production credit and investment credit. CETY’s products directly benefit from these tax credits. | |
| ○ | Benefiting from lack of energy capacity from the grid and higher energy costs which provide higher returns on our Power Generation, Waste Heat Recovery, and Waste to Energy products and projects. | |
| ○ | Improving our balance sheet and capital position to permit us to invest in more products and projects. | |
| ○ | We are establishing a reliable network of global and domestic supply chain partners to drive scalability and cost efficiency in our solutions. | |
| ○ | Leveraging our existing marketing channels to sell HTAP Waste to Energy products to industrial companies and government agencies. | |
| ○ | We are collaborating with clean energy project development and finance companies to offer solutions that generate RNG, hydrogen, methane, and biochar from biomass, municipal waste, timber waste, and other organic materials. |
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Business and Segment Information
We design, produce and market clean energy products and integrated solutions focused on energy efficiency and renewable energy. Our aim is to become a leading provider of renewable and energy efficiency products and solutions by helping commercial companies and municipalities reduce energy waste and emissions, lower energy costs and generate incremental revenue by providing electricity, renewable natural gas and biochar to the grid.
Segment Information
Our four segments for accounting purposes are:
Clean Energy HRS & CETY Europe – Our Waste Heat Recovery Solutions, converting thermal energy to zero emission electricity.
CETY Renewables Waste to Energy Solutions – Providing Waste to Energy technologies and solutions.
Engineering and Manufacturing Business – providing customers with comprehensive design, manufacturing, and project management solutions.
CETY HK – The parent company of our NG trading operations in China. Prior to the first quarter of 2022 the Company had three reportable segments but added the CETY HK segment to reflect its recent new businesses in China.
Our Clean Energy Solutions Business
Waste Heat Recovery Solutions
We provide our customers with power plants that capture wasted heat energy and produce electricity using a unique Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system containing our Clean CycleTM generator. Our magnetic bearing Integrated Power Modules is at the heart of our Clean CycleTM generator which can fit into a standard cargo container we call our Containerized System Module, producing 140KW per Clean Cycle generator and can be linked together for projects generating up to 1MW of power.
Our recent agreement with Enertime now permits us to install midsized and large ORC systems (between 1 MW and 10 MW) in the United States, allowing us to offer a full range of ORC systems to our customers. We believe this new capacity will enable us to expand our product offerings into larger scale waste recovery products in the United States. Enertime is a leader in producing ORC systems in Europe.
ORC waste heat recycling systems use pressurized working fluids that have a lower boiling point than water which make them ideal to repurpose waste heat into electricity. While most manufacturing processes do not produce enough heat to turn water into steam, there is enough heat to generate pressurized refrigerant in our ORC systems which is used to turn a turbine at high speeds to generate electricity.
We can link up to 10 Clean Cycle Generators together which can generate up to 10 GWh of electricity per year from waste heat which we estimate would reduce up to 5000 metric tons of CO2 production per year in an industrial heat recovery system or the annual equivalent of the CO2 emissions of approximately 2000 cars per year.
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We believe the most important component in any ORC system is the turbine generator because it converts the steam heat into electricity and accounts for approximately 60% of the cost of the system. The more efficiently the turbine generator works, the better the ORC power plant operates. The remaining components consisting of the low boiling point fluid, condensers, which cool the fluids, the feed pumps, which pressurize the fluids to reduce boiling points and the heat exchangers, which extract the heat from the heat sources. These are more commoditized products and tend to perform at similar levels of efficiencies at similar price points.
We believe our Clean CycleTM generator is the most efficient turbine generator in it’s class and size available in the market for ORC systems generating up to 1 MW. We estimate that the Clean CycleTM generator has higher efficiency of approximately 15% than our competitors and its magnetic design eliminates the use of oils and lubricants, significantly reducing down time, repairs and operating costs. Our Integrated Power Module is compact and fit into a standard cargo container that can be delivered on a turnkey basis resulting in lower installation and implementation costs than on-site assembly.
We believe these features and benefits give us an important competitive advantage when building heat recovery power plants for our customers and provide us with the opportunity to compete with and obtain market share from the dominant industrial waste heat to power systems.
Over 121 Clean CycleTM generators have been deployed to date with 88 units used in biomass and waste to energy projects, 4 with diesel electric generators, 3 with turbine electric generators and 26 in industrial electric production applications. We expect to raise additional funds to expand our capacity to install 6-8 units per year which should approximately double our sales on a year-to-year basis.
The patented technology used in Clean CycleTM generator was purchased from General Electric International, together with over 100 installation sites, making us one of the leading provider of small-scale industrial waste heat to power systems. We have an exclusive license from Calnetix to use their magnetic turbine for heat waste recovery applications.
| Our Integrated Power Module | Our Clean Cycle TM Generator |
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A complete ORC System with Integrated Power Module housed in a Containerized System Module (CSM)
Waste to Energy Solutions
We are adding a new business line in our clean energy solutions segment consisting of Waste to Energy processing equipment, engineering services and Waste to Energy processing power plant joint ventures where we expect to retain an ownership interest in the project.
Waste-to-Energy technologies that process non-renewable waste can reduce environmental and health damages while generating sustainable energy. Waste-to-Energy technologies consist of waste treatment process that creates energy in the form of electricity, heat or fuels from a waste source. These technologies can be applied to several types of waste: from the biomass (e.g. woodchips) to semi-solid (e.g. thickened sludge from effluent treatment plants) to liquid (e.g. domestic sewage) and gaseous (e.g. refinery gases) waste.
Waste to Energy Solutions can be used:
| ● | In any town, city or province with established waste management and collection. | |
| ● | Where there is a consistent supply of solid waste. | |
| ● | Places where treatment costs increase with shortages of space to store waste. | |
| ● | In areas with high energy prices to allow for cost of recovery from waste. |
Waste to Energy Solutions have many benefits:
| ● | Electricity from Waste to Energy plants can be generated from small amounts up to 30 MW providing for a wide range of opportunities to sell it back to the grid. | |
| ● | The synthetic renewable fuel gas produced from waste can be used for various production recyclable energy such as hot water, thermo-oil or steam, renewable natural gas or hydrogen. | |
| ● | Landfill waste is reduced and so is leachate and methane released from decomposing landfills. | |
| ● | Waste is a reliable source of energy and production is typically predictable and low cost whereas fossil fuel prices can fluctuate dramatically. |
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But Traditional Incineration Methods Have Significant Downsides:
| ● | Air pollution can increase because scrubbing technologies are very expensive to install. | |
| ● | Many industrial, agricultural, and mixed municipal solid wastes have high moisture content at source and direct incineration of such waste requires burning fossil fuel. | |
| ● | to maintain thermal conversion process. | |
| ● | Carbon is released into the air which would otherwise be stored in landfill. | |
| ● | Ash and flue gas cleaning residues from incineration can also cause poisonous leachate problems if not properly disposed of which is costly and causes downstream environmental issues. | |
| ● | Generating electricity from incineration releases more CO2, SO2, NOx and mercury than natural gas. |
(Source: https://www.energyforgrowth.org/memo/waste-to-energy-one-solution-for-two-problems/)
The most common form of waste to energy systems are based on incinerators which simply burn waste using air. The Thermal Treatment on Grate is the most widespread technology being used by large waste landfills to generate electricity and heat. These systems produce substantial amounts of ash, heavy metals and carbon dioxide which need to be treated and disposed of to minimize its impact on the environment. They also require substantial amounts of pre-treatments prior to burning.
The Thermal on Grate incineration process, while wide-spread, is too expensive and complex for smaller and mid-sized waste to energy projects creating, what we believe, a significant market opportunity in small and mid-sized waste processing applications to create not only electricity but valuable renewable natural gas, bio diesel oil, hydrogen, methane, and biochar.
Our solution is a patented High Temperature Ablative Pyrolysis (HTAP) Biomass Reactor as viable commercial solution to the costs and environmental problems posed by traditional incarnation methods. We have the exclusive license and right to sell the HTAP10 and HTAP5 and related products manufactured by Enex which has a proven installed commercial base of customers using its waste to energy solutions. We believe this is an ideal solution to process waste for small to mid-sized waste to energy generation applications needed for processing industrial and municipality solid waste, agriculture waste, and forestry waste.
Pyrolysis systems decompose waste without the use of oxygen under varying pressurized conditions and at temperatures ranging from 300 degrees Celsius and 1,300 degrees Celsius. The major advantage of pyrolysis is that it is a cost-effective technology and helps curb environmental pollution. Pyrolysis systems are gradually replacing traditional incineration and gaining momentum in the waste to energy processing market addresses many of the pre-treatment issues and, when using high temperature and high-pressure, substantially reduce or eliminates pollutant. (Source: “Life Cycle Assessment of Waste-to-Bioenergy Processes: a Review” Pooja Ghosh,... Arunaditya Sahay, in Bioreactors, 2020)
Pyrolysis systems can produce hydrogen, renewable natural gas, bio-diesel oil, charcoal, and biochar which are used to power hydrogen, diesel, and natural gas engines or electrical turbines which can be sold and often are eligible for substantial tax and pricing benefits. When compared with the conventional incineration plant that runs in the capacity of kilotons per day, the scale of the pyrolysis plant is more flexible, and the output of pyrolysis can be integrated with other downstream technologies for product upgrading. (Source: Influential Aspects in Waste Management Practices Karthik Rajendran PhD,. Jerry D. Murphy PhD, in Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches, 2019) In addition, BioChar stores and reduces atmospheric CO2 and can be used as a soil conditioner, an organic component of animal feeds, construction materials, wastewater treatment and in textiles. (Source: https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/applications-of-biochar/)
The ablative pyrolysis system is a waste to energy process that largely eliminates pre-treatment and the harmful pollutants and storage waste produced when using standard incineration and other pyrolysis technologies. It uses high pressure to generate fast pyrolysis and is designed so that the heat transferred from a hot reactor wall softens the feedstock under pressure and permits larger feedstock particles to be processed without pre-treatment. These systems create high relative motion between the reactor wall and the feedstock. The process avoids the need of inert gas and hence the processing equipment is small and the reaction system is more intense. (Source: http://biofuelsacademy.org/index.html%3Fp=608.html)
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CETY has licensed proprietary patented ablative pyrolysis system for commercial use that has been installed in 7 sites for use in waste to energy creating applications processing including peat, coal, flax waste, sawdust and wood scrap, straw, buckwheat husks, and cardboard, tapes, films and paper machine sludge. The technology has been implemented over 1,500 onsite power generation projects in Russia working with major energy production companies such as Gazprom, Rosneft, Lukoil and Rostelecom as well as completing several projects for customers in the European Union, Middle East and United States. Due to the conflict in the Ukraine, ENEX is redomiciling and relocating key personnel to Turkey where it will complete an existing project and is expected to wind down its operations. CETY will develop additional ablative technology and expects to manufacture units in the United States. Sales and European distribution will be run out of a CETY office that has been established in Turkey.
CETY has global rights (except Russia and CIS countries) to design, build, manufacture, sell and operate renewable energy and waste recovery facilities HTAP10 and HTAP5 systems and other products and technologies we expect to develop in the future.
The patented HTAP technology utilizes a higher temperature that uses a cleaner gas for the heating process and a more efficient biogas turbine. The units can be customized to produce hydrogen, natural gas, diesel oil and bio char in varying quantities which can be sold or used to produce electricity. We believe that the key benefits of the HTAP Biomass Reactor are:
| ● | Flexibility in waste sourcing and mixing. | |
| ● | Customized outputs of hydrogen, synthetic fuels, natural gas, methane, biochar, carbon black, or construction materials. | |
| ● | Better waste sourcing and mixing flexibility, | |
| ● | Near-zero emissions, | |
| ● | Modular design, | |
| ● | Zero liquid discharge, | |
| ● | Zero solid waste residue waste. | |
| ● | Modular, containerize design reducing implementation costs | |
| ● | Proven commercial implementation. |
We are targeting industrial and municipality solid waste, landfill waste, agriculture waste (straw, stems, plant biomass, manure, crop wastage), and forestry waste from tree cuttings and shredded products.
We are in the process of identifying projects domestically and internationally for the HTAP Biomass Reactor. We believe the first project where we expect to implement the HTAP10 technology with Vermont Renewable Gas to develop a biomass renewable energy processing facility. The project is planned for a location in Lyndon, Vermont to convert forest and agriculture biomass waste products to renewably generated electricity and BioChar fertilizer. We expect to annually deliver up to 18,000 MWh of renewable electricity and 1,500 tons of BioChar. The Vermont Renewable Gas project is one of the many renewable energy processing facilities we plan to commission.
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ENEX HTAP 10 Waste to Energy Processing Plant.
We established a wholly owned subsidiary called CETY Capital that we expect will help us finance our customers renewable energy projects producing low carbon energy. CETY Capital, when implemented, should add flexibility to the capacity CETY offers its customers and fund projects utilizing its products and clean energy solutions. The in-house financing arm is expected to support our sales and build new renewable energy facilities. To date we have conducted no material operations in this subsidiary.
Our Clean Energy Initiatives in China
Natural gas is China’s fastest-growing primary fuel with demand quadrupling in the past decade. Developing the natural gas sector is a critical aspect China’s effort to reduce reliance on coal. According to the International Energy Agency, China is the world’s sixth-largest natural gas producer, the third-largest consumer, and the second-largest importer. In 2050, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) expects China to consume nearly three times as much natural gas as it did in 2018, which was 280.30 b/cm. China’s natural gas consumption accounted for 8.3% of its total energy mix in 2019. China anticipates boosting the share of natural gas as part of total energy consumption to 14% by 2030. Before COVID 19, China was expected to account for a third of global demand growth through 2022, thanks in part to the country’s “Blue Skies” policy and the strong drive to improve air quality. China’s relatively strong economic recovery from the COVID 19 crisis will probably increase that share. Natural gas is imported either through pipelines or as liquefied natural gas (LNG) on ships. https://www.axios.com/2018/06/26/china-largest-natural-gas-importer?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Liquid Natural Gas in the Chinese energy market produces half as much carbon dioxide, less than a third as much nitrogen oxides, and 1 percent as much sulfur oxides at the power plant compared to the average air emissions from coal-fired generation. In addition to reduced air emissions, natural gas has other environmental benefits that make it a smart fuel choice. Natural gas-fired power plants use about 60 percent less water than coal plants and 75 percent less water than nuclear power plants for the same electricity output. (Source: Conoco Phillips)
In 2021, we acquired through our subsidiary, CETY Hong Kong, a liquefied natural gas trading operation called Jiangsu Huanya Jieneng (“JHJ”) which sources LNG from large LNG producers and distributors and sells it to non-state-owned industries and downstream customers in mainland China.
CETY also plans to sell its waste heat recovery and waste to energy products in China as well as provide consulting services relating to the same to projects in China.
The JHJ team has more than 10 years of experience in the natural gas and clean energy industry and has maintained relationships and partners with many natural gas enterprises in China.
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CETY HK
NG Trading Operations
JHJ’s principal service is to source and supply NG to industries and municipalities located in the southern part of Sichuan Province and portions of Yunnan Province. The NG is principally used for heavy truck refueling stations and urban or industrial users in areas that do not have a connection to local NG pipeline systems. We purchase large quantities of NG from large wholesale NG depots at fixed prices which are prepaid for in advance at a discount to market. We sell the NG to our customers at prevailing daily spot prices for the duration of the contracts.
Either our sources or customers arrange for delivery of the NG. Our profitability depends on our ability to purchase NG at volume discounts at the beginning of a season and sell it at a delivered price that is higher than the price we pay.
JHJ traders are experienced NG traders, familiar with the spot and future markets and have relationships with the major users of NG in the areas that we serve. Our customers may be local or may be as far as 700km from each depot.
We compete with other NG trading based on availability and price. We target our discount with our sources to partially hedge against falling spot prices and give us a gross profit targeted at substantially higher rate than our competitors which are approximately 20-30 percent margins compared against what we believe are 1-5 percent margins by our competitors. So long as there are no major fluctuations in the spot market, we can offer more competitive prices due to the discounts we receive from the large volumes purchased and the prepayments for the NG. JHJ has currently established a supply of approximately 8,000 tons of NG for distribution.
We are able to purchase NG at a significant discount from our suppliers because our prepayments offer suppliers more certainty with respect to the sales of their inventory, address their cash flow issues, and allow them to better plan for production. We believe our downstream customers get better prices from us because of our bulk buying power, ease of inventory management and cash flow.
Both our suppliers and customers can reduce costs by using JHJ as a centralized procurement center and establishing professional logistics distribution based on stable supply and downstream demand.
Our convertible note investment in Heze Hongyuan Natural Gas co. is subject to dilution by additional equity investment into HHNG by third parties. We do not expect the project to require additional investment from us, JHJ or HHNG. The project has constructed a portion of the pipelines in the Heze area that links the local industrial users to the national gas pipeline. Certain parts of the pipeline construction has been delayed due to the permitting process. The project is expected to generate cash flow by the end of 2025. We do not expect to make further direct minority investments in other pipeline operators.
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Engineering, Consulting and Project Management Services
Engineering. Our global engineering team supports the design, build, installation, and maintenance of our solutions and supports our technology customers and innovative start-ups with a broad range of electrical, mechanical and software engineering services. CETY has assembled a team of experts from around the globe to assist customers at any point in the design cycle. These services include design processes from electrical, software, mechanical and Industrial design. Utilization of CETY’s design services will provide our customers with a complete end to end solution.
Supply Chain Management. CETY’s supply chain solution provides maximum flexibility and responsiveness through a collaborative and strategic approach with our customers. CETY can assume supply chain responsibility from component sourcing through delivery of finished product. CETY’s focus on the supply chain allows us to build internal and external systems and better our relationships with our customers, which allows us to capitalize on our expertise to align with our partners and customer’s objectives and integrate with their respective processes.
The Market for Our Products.
Waste to Energy.
There are more than 2500 waste-to-energy plants in the world, including almost 500 in Europe. (Source: https://wteinternational.com/news/waste-to-energy-technologies-overview/). The waste-to-energy (WTE) market is expected to register a CAGR of 7.35% during the forecast period of 2021 – 2026, reaching a market size of USD 69.94 billion by 2026, up from USD 43.66 billion in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the market negatively in the form of supply chain disruptions and delays in project implementation. However, the market is expected to recover from 2021, owing to the increasing efforts to promote waste-to-energy plants by various countries across the world.
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Increasing government regulations regarding the waste to energy in various countries is one of the major factors driving the growth of global waste to energy market. For instance, according to Federal Power Act 2019, this act gives federal authority over electric utilities in U.S. Also the acts like Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) and Energy Policy Act are applied by the government to increase the waste to energy and decrease the CO2 emission by fossil fuels. In addition, escalating investments in R&D by different countries is also fostering the growth of global waste to energy market. (Source : https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-energy-policy-act)
Alternative thermal technologies like pyrolysis, gasification and plasma arc gasification are expected to lower carbon emissions and witness the growth in demand. Moreover, a shift in trend towards replacing conventional energy generating from fossil fuels with renewable energy to ensure energy security and reduce carbon emissions are potential factors to drive industry growth. The global waste to energy market size was valued at $35.1 billion in 2019, and is projected to reach $50.1 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 4.6% from 2020 to 2027. https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/waste-to-energy-market
Waste Heat Recovery
A study by Market Research Future in October of 2021 forecasted the waste heat recover market would be worth USD 114 billion by 2028 registering a CAGR of 9.2 per year from a baseline of USD 59.44 billion in 2020. The primary economic driver in the waste heat recovery market are “rising energy use, economic development, and rising electricity prices. The use of energy in many sectors to manufacture products is steadily growing. The need for energy has increased in industrialized regions as industrialization has occurred. Companies are developing numerous strategies to transform waste heat into energy as the demand for energy grows. As a result, it is fueling the growth of the Waste Heat Recovery market. The government has taken various initiatives and enacted rules to save energy, which has promoted the usage of Waste Heat Recovery technologies. Due to environmental concerns, the government is taking steps to save energy; as a result, the Waste Heat Recovery sector is booming. Energy-efficient technology has become critical for industries looking to save money.” (Source: https://www.yahoo.com/now/waste-heat-recovery-market-worth-095200052.html)
In 2020 North America constituted the largest share of the market accounting for approximately 33% of the global total but countries in Asia and the Asia Pacific constitute the fasting growing geographic sectors due to rapid industrial expansion.
Waste heat recovery systems in the United States now qualify for beneficial investment tax credits of up to 26% on the investment driving additional companies to install ORC industrial waste heat to power units. Owners of waste energy recovery property can claim a 26% ITC if construction of such property begins during 2021 or 2022, and a 22% ITC if construction begins during 2023, provided in each case that the property is placed in service by the end of 2025. (Source: https://enervex.com/insights/new-26-federal-investment-tax-credit-promotes-waste-heat-recovery-technology?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a state incentive program that requires a certain percentage of electricity sold by utilities in the state to come from renewable resources. It diversifies the energy portfolio of the state while encouraging economic development. By establishing an RPS a state creates a market for Renewable Energy Credits (RECs). Each utility must obtain and retire a certain number of RECs annually. Several states including Colorado, Wisconsin, Illinois and California among others have now list waste heat to power as an eligible resource in their RPS program.
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LNG Trading and Joint Venture
Since 2012, the National Development and Reform Commission has stressed that “natural gas vehicles, including urban buses, taxis, logistics distribution vehicles, trucks and other natural gas-fueled transportation vehicles” are the most important users of natural gas and require a consistent supply chain. As a result, regions and provinces in the PRC have accelerated the construction of a network of LNG refueling stations and encouraged the expansion of fleets of delivery vehicles. Due to China’s “carbon peak, carbon neutral” goal commitment, China’s environmental protection policies are gradually being tightened resulting in increased utilization rates of natural gas as a clean energy alternative is getting higher and higher. (Source China 13th Renewable Energy Development Five Year Plan https://www.iea.org/policies/6277-china-13th-renewable-energy-development-five-year-plan-2016-2020)
By 2027, analysts forecast spot trade in NG will be $20 billion, more than double its 2020 value. Last year, China’s imports soared by 18% to a record 79 million tons, overtaking Japan as the world’s largest NG buyer. China’s economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic was one factor, but the other was a pipeline reform that allowed more firms to become importers. (Source: Reuters U.S. supplies give China muscle to become major force in global NG trade https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/us-supplies-give-china-muscle-become-major-force-global-lng-trade-2022-02-11/)
Aligning with many policy goals, natural gas will remain a growth engine for energy supply in the 14th FYP period. The policy direction on air pollution reduction, carbon emission control, and gas supply and midstream infrastructure development indicates continued support for higher penetration of gas in the growing energy mix. On the other hand, the focus on supply security and cost reduction from market reforms indicate an expectation of decelerating gas demand growth in the 14th FYP period compared with that in the previous five years. In the current IHS Markit outlook, China’s gas demand will grow 6% compound annual average during 2021-25—compared with the 11% growth in the previous five year—to reach 429 Bcm in 2025. (Source S& P Global. China’s Five Yar Plan’s Review and Expectation: Natural Gas Tick the Box for Many Policy Goals. https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202203/23/WS623a8e24a310fd2b29e52c21.html)
We believe that Southwest China is rich in natural gas resources providing us with a stable source of supply and is an important major natural gas producing area in the country. We estimate that there are 16 LNG production plants with a capacity of more than 300,000 cubic meters per day in Southwest China, with a total design capacity of 11.7 million cubic meters per day. We believe the supply is mainly to satisfy LNG refueling stations and LNG vehicles which are among our primary downstream customers.
We estimate that by the end of 2022, a total of about 240 LNG refueling stations were operating in South Western China, including about 170 in Sichuan, about 30 in Yunnan, and about 40 in Guizhou; the daily consumption of LNG refueling stations that have been put into operation in Yunguichuan is about 7,200 tons per day, which is basically the same as the upstream output, reaching a “balance of production and sales”.
In order to help achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, accelerate the clean and low-carbon transformation of transportation energy, the Sichuan Provincial Development and Reform Commission and Sichuan Provincial Energy Administration issued the “Sichuan Province Natural Gas Vehicle Refueling Station Layout Plan (2021-2025)”, which proposed that by 2025, Sichuan will build 500 new refueling stations (including 141 stations in the expressway service area), including 15 CNG refueling stations, 401 LNG refueling stations, 8 L-CNG refueling stations, and 76 CNG/LNG joint refueling stations.
Based on the development plan for LNG refueling stations in the southwest region we believe that the downstream demand for LNG by our customers will maintain a steady growth rate over the next five years.
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Sales and Marketing
We utilize both a direct sales force and global distribution group with expertise in heat recovery solutions and clean energy markets.
CETY maintains an online presence through our web portal and social media. We also have established cross-sale agreements with synergistic technology providers promoting our solutions to our respective customers. We utilize email campaigns to keep the marketplace abreast of the recent developments with our solutions. We work with the municipalities to identify incentive programs that could utilize our solutions.
Our application engineers assist in converting the opportunities into projects. We provide technical support to our Clean Cycle TM generator clients and recently introduced waste to energy plants through providing maintenance and product support.
Our market focus is segmented by the engine heat recovery, waste to energy plants, engineering & procurement, and renewable energy trade, Wastewater treatment plants and boiler applications with excess heat.
Our experienced team of LNG traders identify producers and customers for the LNG trading business as well as originate acquisition opportunities for our Shenzhen Gas joint venture.
Suppliers
Our heat recovery solutions systems are manufactured primarily from components available from multiple suppliers and to a lesser extend from custom fabricated components available from various sources. We purchase our components from suppliers based on price and availability. Our significant suppliers in the Waste Heat Recovery business include Powerhouse, Concise Instrument, and Grainger.
Our waste to energy components are sourced globally including the US with the exception of the core components originally sourced in Russia and being transitioned to Turkey and US. We are in the process of establishing an inhouse center of competence and technology development based out of Turkey to source these components in Europe and US with the ability to deploy the product globally. Although future impacts cannot be predicted the company does not foresee any negative impact from the Russia and Ukraine conflict.
The natural gas in China is obtained from various local production plants in Southeast China based on price and quality. Deliveries of the NG are made through third party trucking companies. We purchase large quantities of NG from large wholesale NG depots at fixed prices which are discounted and prepaid for in advance at a discount to market.
Competition
ORMAT, Exergy, TAS and Turboden are the leaders in ORC system power plants with more than 75% of installed capacity and plants, Exergy and TAS are following with around 13% and 6% of the market respectively while Turboden has recently penetrated the geothermal market with about 2% of the installed capacity.
The Waste to Energy Market is dominated by Hitachi Zosen Inova AG, Suez, Veolia, Ramboll Group A/S, Covanta Holding Corporation, China Everbright International Ltd., Abu Dhabi National Energy Company PJSC, Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises lnc., Whaleboater Technologies lnc., Xcel Energy lnc. (Source: https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/waste-to-energy-market)
We also compete with numerous companies that are smaller than the major companies who are focused on the smaller to medium sized installations in Waste Heat Recovery and Waste to Energy. We believe our waste to energy products are more efficient for use in small and medium sized operations than our competitors and provide us with a competitive advantage on that basis.
In China, our NG trading operations compete with large state-owned LNG producers and importers such as Sinopec and many smaller local energy trading companies in the PRC. We compete based on price and consistency of services.
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Company Information
We were incorporated in California in July 1995 under the name Probe Manufacturing Industries, Inc. We redomiciled to Nevada in April 2005 under the name Probe Manufacturing, Inc. We manufactured electronics and provided services to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of industrial, automotive, semiconductor, medical, communication, military, and high technology products. On September 11, 2015, Clean Energy HRS, or “CE HRS”, our wholly owned subsidiary, acquired the assets of Heat Recovery Solutions from General Electric International. In November 2015, we changed our name to Clean Energy Technologies, Inc.
Our principal executive offices are located at 1340 Reynolds Avenue Unit 120, Irvine, California, 92614. Our telephone number is (949) 273-4990. Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CETY.”
Our internet website address is www.cetyinc.com, and our subsidiary’s website is www.heatrecoverysolutions.com. The information contained on our websites are not incorporated by reference into this document, and you should not consider any information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this document.
The Company has four reportable segments: Clean Energy HRS (HRS), CETY Europe, the legacy electronic manufacturing services (Electronic Assembly) division, and CETY Hong Kong.
Patents
We hold 16 patents in 6 countries and 28 pending applications in 8 countries, which were acquired from General Electric International relating to our magnetic turbine technology.
Intellectual Property
As part of our asset acquisition from General Electric International, we acquired an exclusive, irrevocable, sublicensable, limited transferable, royalty free, fully paid, worldwide perpetual license to develop, improve and commercialize Calnetix’s magnetic turbine in any Organic Rankine Cycle based application where heat is sourced from a reciprocating combustion engine of any type, except marine vessels, any gas or steam turbine systems for electrical power generation applications or any type of biomass boiler system.
We have an intellectual property rights purchase and transfer agreement with ENEX for its pyrolysis system.
Facilities
We are headquartered in Irvine, California, and we have a 3,000 sq-ft office in Irvine. Our Heat Recovery Solutions business unit operates from a 6,000 sq-ft state-of-the-art facility in Irvine, California. We have in-house electro-mechanical assembly and testing capabilities. Our products are compliant with American Society of Mechanical Engineers and are UL and CE approved. We also have a 1,000 sq-ft sales and service center located in Treviso, Italy. We also have a 2000 sq-ft R&D center in Antalya, Turkey. Our Asian headquarters is located in Hong Kong and our 3000 sq-ft Engineering consultancy and Natural Gas Trading company is located in Chengdu, China.
Employees
We presently have approximately 33 total employees, including operational, engineering, accounting and marketing personnel. We utilize an extensive number of consultants as well and have never experienced work stoppages, and we are not a party to any collective bargaining agreement. We have 20 employees in JHJ & SHJ in China.
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Government Regulation
Our operations are subject to certain foreign, federal, state and local regulatory requirements relating to environmental, waste management, and health and safety matters. We believe we operate in substantial compliance with all applicable requirements. However, material costs and liabilities may arise from these requirements or from new, modified or more stringent requirements. Material cost may rise due to additional manufacturing cost of raw or made parts with the application of new regulations. Our liabilities may also increase due to additional regulations imposed by foreign, federal, state and local regulatory requirements relating to environmental, waste management, and health and safety matters. In addition, our past, current and future operations and those of businesses we acquire, may give rise to claims of exposure by employees or the public or to other claims or liabilities relating to environmental, waste management or health and safety concerns.
Our markets can be positively or negatively impacted by the effects of governmental and regulatory matters. We are affected not only by energy policy, laws, regulations and incentives of governments in the markets into which we sell, but also by rules, regulations and costs imposed by utilities. Utility companies or governmental entities could place barriers on the installation of our product or the interconnection of the product with the electric grid. Further, utility companies may charge additional fees to customers who install on-site power generation, thereby reducing the electricity they take from the utility, or for having the capacity to use power from the grid for back-up or standby purposes. These types of restrictions, fees or charges could hamper the ability to install or effectively use our products or increase the cost to our potential customers for using our systems in the future. This could make our systems less desirable, thereby adversely affecting our revenue and profitability potential. In addition, utility rate reductions can make our products less competitive which would have a material adverse effect on our future operations. These costs, incentives and rules are not always the same as those faced by technologies with which we compete. However, rules, regulations, laws and incentives could also provide an advantage to our Heat Recovery Solutions as compared with competing technologies if we are able to achieve required compliance at a lower cost when our Clean Cycle TM generators are commercialized. Additionally, reduced emissions and higher fuel efficiency could help our future customers combat the effects of global warming. Accordingly, we may benefit from increased government regulations that impose tighter emission and fuel efficiency standards.
Due to our operations in China, we are subject to additional regulations that apply to companies doing business in mainland China. See “Disclosures Relating to Our Chinese Operations” for more information.
Research and Development
We had no expenses in Research and Development costs during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
WHERE YOU CAN GET ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy our reports or other filings made with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room, located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. You can obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You can also access these reports and other filings electronically on the SEC’s web site, www.sec.gov.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item. We reserve the right not to provide risk factors in our future filings.
An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding to purchase, hold, or sell our common stock, you should consider carefully the risks described below in addition to the cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere in this Annual Report and in our other filings with the SEC, including our registration statements and reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be seriously harmed. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment.
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RISKS RELATD TO OUR BUSINESS
OUR INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS HAVE ISSUED A GOING CONCERN OPINION AND IF WE CANNOT OBTAIN ADDITIONAL FINANCING AND/OR REDUCE OUR OPERATING COSTS SUFFICIENTLY, WE MAY HAVE TO CURTAIL OPERATIONS AND MAY ULTIMATELY CEASE TO EXIST.
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had a total stockholder’s equity of $1,897,145 and a deficit working capital of $3,478,090 and an accumulated deficit of $28,480,730 as of December 31, 2024 (Restated), and used $3,560,951 in net cash from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024.
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, our company reported a net loss of $4,550,296 compared to a net loss of $5,611,128 for the year 2023. The reduction in net loss for 2024 is primarily attributed to several key factors, including our strategic expansion into higher-margin waste-to-energy business unit, also a reduction in interest and financing fees compared to the previous year. Despite the persistently high interest rates, we are actively exploring more cost-effective financing options moving forward.
Although our financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that we would continue our operations as a going concern, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, based on our financial statements and results of operations at that time. Specifically, as noted above, we have experienced losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities. Although our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, were prepared under the assumption that we would continue our operations as a going concern, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm that accompanies our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, contains a going concern qualification in which such firm expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, based on our financial statements and results at that time.
We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. These prior losses and expected future losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our financial condition. In addition, continued operations and our ability to continue as a going concern may be dependent on our ability to obtain additional financing in the near future and thereafter, and there are no assurances that such financing will be available to us at all or will be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. If we are unable to generate additional funds in the future through sales of our products, financings or from other sources or transactions, we will exhaust our resources and will be unable to continue operations. If we cannot continue as a going concern, our shareholders would likely lose most or all of their investment in us.
WE HAVE AN ACCUMULATED DEFICIT AND MAY INCUR ADDITIONAL LOSSES; THEREFORE, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO OBTAIN THE ADDITIONAL FINANCING NEEDED FOR WORKING CAPITAL, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES AND TO MEET OUR DEBT SERVICE OBLIGATIONS.
As of December 31, 2024, we had current liabilities of $6,658,247 and total current assets of $3,180,157.
Our debt could limit our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, or other purposes in the future, as needed; to plan for, or react to, changes in technology and in our business and competition; and to react in the event of an economic downturn.
We may not be able to meet our debt service obligations. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or obtain funds for required payments, or if we fail to comply with covenants in our revolving lines of credit, we will be in default.
WE MAY ONCE AGAIN IN THE FUTURE RELY ON CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS TO OBTAIN CONTROL OF A VIE, WHICH MAY NOT BE AS EFFECTIVE IN PROVIDING OPERATIONAL CONTROL AS DIRECT OWNERSHIP.
On January 1, 2023, we entered into the CAA with SSET and Xiangyueheng, two other shareholders of Shuya, wherein the three parties agreed to vote in unison at the shareholders’ meeting of Shuya to consolidate the controlling position of the three parties in Shuya. We relied on such contractual arrangement to gain effective control of Shuya and consolidated Shuya into our consolidated financial statements effective on or after January 1, 2023. After the termination of such contractual arrangements on January 1, 2024, we no longer consolidate Shuya into our consolidated financial statements. See “Prospectus Summary – Corporate Information” for details. However, in the event that we once again employ a similar VIE structure in the future, you should be aware that a controlling financial interest through contractual arrangements is not considered as equal to equity interest and this structure involves unique risks to investors. If we had more than 50% equity ownership of the VIE, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the contractual arrangement, we relied on the performance by the other external parties of their obligations under the contract to exercise control over the VIE. The other parties may not perform their obligations under the contract. All of such contractual arrangements are governed by and interpreted in accordance with PRC laws, and disputes arising from these contractual arrangements will be resolved through arbitration or litigation in the PRC. However, the legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in other jurisdictions, such as the United States. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the outcome of arbitration or litigation. These uncertainties could limit our ability to enforce the contractual arrangement. In the event we are unable to enforce the terms of contractual arrangement or we experience significant delays or other obstacles in the process of enforcing such agreement, we may not be able to exert control over the VIE and may lose control over the assets owned by the VIE. Our financial performance may be materially and adversely affected as a result and we may not be eligible to consolidate the financial results of the VIE into our consolidated financial results.
WE ARE NOT CURRENTLY IN COMPLIANCE WITH NASDAQ’S MINIMUM BID PRICE LISTING REQUIREMENT OR NASDAQ’S ANNUAL SHAREHOLDER MEETING LISTING REQUIREMENT; IF WE ARE NOT ABLE TO REGAIN COMPLIANCE WITH THOSE REQUIREMENTS WITHIN THE TIME PERIODS PERMITTED BY NASDAQ, OUR COMMON STOCK MAY BE DELISTED, WHICH WOULD LIKELY IMPAIR OUR ABILITY TO RAISE CAPITAL AND COULD CONSTITUTE AN EVENT OF DEFAULT UNDER OUR OUTSTANDING PROMISSORY NOTES.
On November 5, 2024, the Company received a written notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) indicating that the Company was not in compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). The Nasdaq listing rules require listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, and, based upon the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock for the prior 30 consecutive business days, the Company no longer met this requirement. The Nasdaq rules provided the Company a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the notice (or until May 5, 2025) in which to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.
On January 8, 2025, the Company received a written notice from Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq’s annual shareholder meeting requirement as set forth in Listing Rules 5620(a) and 5810(c)(2)(G) (the “Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement”). The Nasdaq listing rules require the Company to have an annual meeting of shareholders within twelve months of the end of the Company’s fiscal year end, and the Company has not had an annual meeting within twelve months of the Company’s 2023 fiscal year end as required. The Nasdaq rules provided the Company 45 calendar days to submit a plan to regain compliance with the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement. The Company submitted such plan as required, and on February 27, 2025, Nasdaq provided the Company an extension of until June 3, 2025, to regain compliance with the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement.
There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to regain compliance with either the Minimum Bid Price Requirement or the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement. If the Company’s common stock ultimately were to be delisted for any reason, including because the Company cannot regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement or the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement, it could negatively impact the Company by (i) reducing the liquidity and market price of the Company’s common stock; (ii) reducing the number of investors willing to hold or acquire the Company’s common stock, which could negatively impact the Company’s ability to raise equity financing; (iii) limiting the Company’s ability to use a registration statement to offer and sell freely tradable securities, thereby preventing the Company from accessing the public capital markets; and (iv) impairing the Company’s ability to provide equity incentives to its employees. Additionally, delisting of the Company’s common stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market could constitute an event of default under its outstanding convertible promissory notes, resulting in those notes becoming immediately due and payable, and resulting in default penalties being applied to those notes.
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OUR BUSINESS, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY PUBLIC HEALTH EPIDEMICS.
Our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected if a public health epidemic such as COVID-19 interferes with the ability of us, our employees, workers, contractors, suppliers, customers and other business partners to perform our and their respective responsibilities and obligations relative to the conduct of our business. We maintain offices in various countries throughout the world with employees and workers upon whom we rely to, among other things, identify sources of supply, conduct factory inspections, place orders for merchandise, perform factory monitoring with respect to production, quality control and other requirements, and arrange shipping. A public health epidemic, like the coronavirus, poses the risk that we or our employees, workers, contractors, suppliers, customers and other business partners may be prevented from conducting business activities for an indefinite period of time, including due to shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. We face similar risks if a public health epidemic affects other geographic areas where our employees, workers, contractors, suppliers, customers and other business partners are located.
IF DEMAND FOR THE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES THAT THE COMPANY OFFERS SLOWS, OUR BUSINESS WOULD BE MATERIALLY AFFECTED.
Demand for products which it intends to sell depends on many factors, including:
| ● | the economy, and in periods of rapidly declining economic conditions, customers may defer purchases or may choose alternate products; | |
| ● | the cost of oil, gas and solar energy; | |
| ● | the competitive environment in the heat to power sectors may force us to reduce prices below our desired pricing level or increase promotional spending; | |
| ● | our ability to maintain efficient, timely and cost-effective production and delivery of the products and services; and, | |
| ● | All of these factors could result in immediate and longer term declines in the demand for the products and services that we offer, which could adversely affect our sales, cash flows and overall financial condition. |
WE OPERATE IN A HIGHLY COMPETITIVE MARKET. IF WE DO NOT COMPETE EFFECTIVELY, OUR PROSPECTS, OPERATING RESULTS, AND FINANCIAL CONDITION COULD BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED.
The markets for our products and services are highly competitive, with companies offering a variety of competitive products and services. We expect competition in our markets to intensify in the future as new and existing competitors introduce new or enhanced products and services that are potentially more competitive than our products and services. We believe many of our competitors and potential competitors have significant competitive advantages, including longer operating histories, ability to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products and services, larger and broader customer bases, more established relationships with a larger number of suppliers, contract manufacturers, and channel partners, greater brand recognition, and greater financial, research and development, marketing, distribution, and other resources than we do and the ability to offer financing for projects. Our competitors and potential competitors may also be able to develop products or services that are equal or superior to ours, achieve greater market acceptance of their products and services, and increase sales by utilizing different distribution channels than we do. Some of our competitors may aggressively discount their products and services in order to gain market share, which could result in pricing pressures, reduced profit margins, lost market share, or a failure to grow market share for us. If we are not able to compete effectively against our current or potential competitors, our prospects, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected.
WE MAY LOSE OUT TO LARGER AND BETTER-ESTABLISHED COMPETITORS.
The alternative power industry is intensely competitive. Most of our competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and distribution resources as well as greater experience in the industry than we have. Our products may not be competitive with other technologies, both existing at the current time and in the future. If this happens, our sales and revenues will decline, or fail to develop at all. In addition, our current and potential competitors may establish cooperative relationships with larger companies to gain access to greater development or marketing resources. Competition may result in price reductions, reduced gross margins and loss of market share.
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OUR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS SUBJECT US TO RISKS, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
Our international operations are exposed to the following risks, several of which are out of our control:
political and economic instability, international terrorism and anti-American sentiment, particularly in emerging markets;
| ● | preference for locally branded products, and laws and business practices favoring local competition; | |
| ● | unusual or burdensome foreign laws or regulations, and unexpected changes to those laws or regulations; | |
| ● | |import and export license requirements, tariffs, taxes and other barriers; | |
| ● | costs of customizing products for foreign countries; | |
| ● | increased difficulty in managing inventory; | |
| ● | less effective protection of intellectual property; and | |
| ● | difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations. |
Any or all of these factors could adversely affect our ability to execute any geographic expansion strategies or have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
OUR PRODUCTS MAY BE DISPLACED BY NEWER TECHNOLOGY.
The alternative power industry is undergoing rapid and significant technological change. Third parties may succeed in developing or marketing technologies and products that are more effective than those developed or marketed by us, or that would make our technology obsolete or non-competitive. Accordingly, our success will depend, in part, on our ability to respond quickly to technological changes. We may not have the resources to do this.
WE MUST HIRE QUALIFIED ENGINEERING, DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PERSONNEL.
We cannot be certain that we can attract or retain a sufficient number of highly qualified mechanical engineers, industrial technology and manufacturing process developers and professional services personnel. To deploy our products quickly and efficiently, and effectively maintain and enhance them, we will require an increasing number of technology developers. We expect customers that license our technology will typically engage our professional engineering staff to assist with support, training, consulting and implementation. We believe that growth in sales depends on our ability to provide our customers with these services and to attract and educate third-party consultants to provide similar services. As a result, we plan to hire professional services personnel to meet these needs. New technical and professional services personnel will require training and education and it will take time for them to reach full productivity. To meet our needs for engineers and professional services personnel, we also may use costlier third-party contractors and consultants to supplement our own staff. Competition for qualified personnel is intense, particularly because our technology is specialized and only a limited number of individuals have acquired the needed skills. Additionally, we will rely on third-party implementation providers for these services. Our business may be harmed if we are unable to establish and maintain relationships with third-party implementation providers.
WE MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY SHORTAGES OF REQUIRED COMPONENTS. IN ADDITION, WE DEPEND ON A LIMITED NUMBER OF SUPPLIERS TO PROCURE OUR PARTS FOR PRODUCTION WHICH IF AVAILABILITY OF PRODUCTS BECOMES COMPROMISED IT COULD ADD TO OUR COST OF GOODS SOLD AND AFFECT OUR REVENUE GROWTH.
At various times, there have been shortages of some of the components that we use, as a result of strong demand for those components or problems experienced by suppliers. These unanticipated component shortages have resulted in curtailed production or delays in production, which prevented us from making scheduled shipments to customers in the past and may do so in the future. Our inability to make scheduled shipments could cause us to experience a reduction in our sales and an increase in our costs and could adversely affect our relationship with existing customers as well as prospective customers. Component shortages may also increase our cost of goods sold because we may be required to pay higher prices for components in short supply and redesign or reconfigure products to accommodate substitute components.
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OUR PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS, DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, IN THE AGGREGATE, BENEFICIALLY OWN MORE THAN 50% OF OUR OUTSTANDING COMMON STOCK AND THESE SHAREHOLDERS, IF ACTING TOGETHER, WILL BE ABLE TO EXERT SUBSTANTIAL INFLUENCE OVER ALL MATTERS REQUIRING APPROVAL OF OUR SHAREHOLDERS.
Our principal shareholders, directors and executive officers in the aggregate, beneficially own more than 50% our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis as of the date of the filing of this annual report. These shareholders, if acting together, will be able to exert substantial influence over all matters requiring approval of our shareholders, including amendments to our Articles of Incorporation, fundamental corporate transactions such as mergers, acquisitions, the sale of the company, and other matters involving the direction of our business and affairs and specifically the ability to determine the members of our board of directors. (See “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Managements”).
IF WE LOSE KEY SENIOR MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL OUR BUSINESS COULD BE NEGATIVELY AFFECTED. FURTHER, WE WILL NEED TO RECRUIT AND RETAIN ADDITIONAL SKILLED MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL AND IF WE ARE NOT ABLE TO DO SO, OUR BUSINESS AND OUR ABILITY TO CONTINUE TO GROW COULD BE HARMED.
Our success depends to a large extent upon the continued services of our executive officers. We could be seriously harmed by the loss of any of our executive officers. In order to manage our growth, we will need to recruit and retain additional skilled management personnel and if we are not able to do so, our business and our ability to continue to grow could be harmed. Although a number of companies in our industry have implemented workforce reductions, there remains substantial competition for highly skilled employees.
WE ARE SUBJECT TO ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE RISKS AND UNEXPECTED COSTS THAT WE MAY INCUR WITH RESPECT TO ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS MAY RESULT IN ADDITIONAL LOSS CONTINGENCIES, THE QUANTIFICATION OF WHICH CANNOT BE DETERMINED AT THIS TIME.
We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations, including those governing the use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous substances in the ordinary course of our manufacturing process. If more stringent compliance or cleanup standards under environmental laws or regulations are imposed, or the results of future testing and analyses at our current or former operating facilities indicate that we are responsible for the release of hazardous substances, we may be subject to additional remediation liability. Further, additional environmental matters may arise in the future at sites where no problem is currently known or at sites that we may acquire in the future. Currently unexpected costs that we may incur with respect to environmental matters may result in additional loss contingencies, the quantification of which cannot be determined at this time.
OUR SALES AND CONTRACT FULFILLMENT CYCLES CAN BE LONG, UNPREDICTABLE AND VARY SEASONALLY, WHICH CAN CAUSE SIGNIFICANT VARIATION IN REVENUES AND PROFITABILITY IN A PARTICULAR QUARTER.
The timing of our sales and related customer contract fulfillment is difficult to predict. Many of our customers are large enterprises, whose purchasing decisions, budget cycles and constraints and evaluation processes are unpredictable and out of our control. Further, the timing of our sales is difficult to predict. The length of our sales cycle, from initial evaluation to payment for our products and services, can range from several months to well over a year and can vary substantially from customer to customer. Our sales efforts involve significant investment in resources in field sales, marketing and educating our customers about the use, technical capabilities and benefits of our products and services. Customers often undertake a prolonged evaluation process. As a result, it is difficult to predict exactly when, or even if, we will make a sale to a potential customer or if we can increase sales to our existing customers. Large individual sales have, in some cases, occurred in quarters subsequent to those we anticipated, or have not occurred at all. In addition, the fulfillment of our customer contracts is partially dependent on other factors related to our customers’ businesses that are not in our control. as with the sales cycle, this can also cause revenues and earnings to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. If our sales and/or contract fulfillment cycles lengthen or our substantial upfront investments do not result in sufficient revenue to justify our investments, our operating results could be adversely affected.
We have experienced seasonal and end-of-quarter concentration of our transactions and variations in the number and size of transactions that close in a particular quarter, which impacts our ability to grow revenue over the long term and plan and manage cash flows and other aspects of our business and cost structure. Our transactions vary by quarter, with the fourth quarter typically being our largest. If expectations for our business turn out to be inaccurate, our revenue growth may be adversely affected over time and we may not be able to adjust our cost structure on a timely basis and our cash flows may suffer.
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OUR OPERATING MARGINS MAY DECLINE AS A RESULT OF INCREASING PRODUCT COSTS.
Our business is subject to significant pressure on pricing and costs caused by many factors, including competition, the cost of components used in our products, labor costs, constrained sourcing capacity, inflationary pressure, pressure from customers to reduce the prices we charge for our products and services, and changes in consumer demand. Costs for the raw materials used in the manufacture of our products are affected by, among other things, energy prices, consumer demand, fluctuations in commodity prices and currency, and other factors that are generally unpredictable and beyond our control. Increases in the cost of raw materials used to manufacture our products or in the cost of labor and other costs of doing business in the United States and internationally could have an adverse effect on, among other things, the cost of our products, gross margins, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.
OUR SALES AND PROFITABLITY OF OPERATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AND IN THE PRC ARE DEPENDANT ON THE PRICE OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS.
Our Waste Heat Recovery products and Waste Recovery products are dependent on the prices of traditional energy sources. Our products reuse wasted heat and create electricity or reusable fuel. As the price of energy increases, the economic justification for our products increases. At the same time, as the price for traditional fuel decreases, there is less incentive for customers to purchase our products and it may impair our ability to sell our products.
IF THE SPOT PRICE OF NG IN CHINA DROPS BELIOW THE PURCHASE PRICE OUR TRADERS NETOTIATE WITH OUR SUPPLIERS, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SELL OUR LNG OR MAY HAVE TO SELL IT AT A LOSS.
Our traders at JHJ purchase NG at a fixed price in large volumes. If the spot prices for NG drop below our purchase price, we may not be able to sell our NG to our customers or may have to sell the NG at a substantial loss. We do not purchase a sufficient volume of LNG to be able to hedge against price declines of this commodity. If we believe that NG prices are too high and we are unable to purchase because we believe that prices will drop, we will not have sufficient supply of NG to conduct trading operations until the market pricing returns to a level at which we can conduct operations.
WE MAY NOT HAVE SUFFICENT FUNDS TO CONDUCT OUR TRADING OPERATIONS IN THE PRC.
We are funding our trading operations through cash flow generated by JHJ and from funds provided by our parent. If we or JHJ does not have sufficient funds, we may not be able to conduct trading operations.
OUR WASTE TO ENERGY PRODUCTS FROM ENEX HAVE NOT BEEN TESTED IN THE UNITED STATES AND DEPEND ON DATA OBTAINED FROM OPERATIONS IN THE UKRAINE AND RUSSIA.
ENEX’s HTAP 5 and 10 have not been installed in the United States. In order to commence sales, our purchasers will need to accept data from Russia or the Ukraine that they may not deem reliable. We cannot give any assurances that we will be able to finance the bonds or find an EPC willing to guaranty performance.
THE IMPLEMENTAION OF OUR WASTE TO ENERGY JOINT VENTURES DEPENDS ON US FINDING FUNDING FO THE PROJECTS.
In order to implement the ENEX system in our waste to energy joint ventures, we will need to finance directly or obtain third party financing for these projects. We cannot give any assurances that we will be able to directly finance these projects or be able to find a third party to provide financing to them. If we are not able to finance the projects we will not be able to implement our business plan in this sector.
FLUCTUATIONS IN EXCHANGE RATES COULD HAVE A AN EFFECT ON THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF OUR HONG KONG AND CHINA SUBSIDIARIES.
The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions in China and by China’s foreign exchange policies. Since June 2010, the Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and unpredictably. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Renminbi has depreciated significantly in the backdrop of a surging U.S. dollar and persistent capital outflows of China. This depreciation halted in 2017, and the RMB appreciated approximately 7% against the U.S. dollar during this one-year period. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate system, and we cannot assure you that the Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future which may impact the profitability of our operations in China.
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WE MAY NEED TO RAISE ADDITIONAL CAPITAL REQUIRED TO GROW OUR BUSINESS, AND WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO RAISE CAPITAL ON TERMS ACCEPTABLE TO US OR AT ALL.
Growing and operating our business will require significant cash outlays and capital expenditures and commitments. We have utilized cash on hand and cash generated from operations as sources of liquidity. If cash on hand and cash generated from operations are not sufficient to meet our cash requirements, we will need to seek additional capital, potentially through equity or debt financing, to fund our growth. Our ability to access the credit and capital markets in the future as a source of liquidity, and the borrowing costs associated with such financing, are dependent upon market conditions.
In addition, any equity securities we issue, including any preferred stock, may be on terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our stockholders, and the prices at which new investors would be willing to purchase our securities may be lower than the offering price per share of our Common Stock. The holders of any equity securities we issue, including any preferred stock, may also have rights, preferences or privileges which are senior to those of existing holders of Common Stock. If new sources of financing are required, but are insufficient or unavailable, we will be required to modify our growth and operating plans based on available funding, if any, which would harm our ability to grow our business.
NATURAL DISASTERS AND OTHER CATASTROPHIC EVENTS BEYOND OUR CONTROL COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE.
The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, such as fires, hurricanes, tornados, tsunamis, floods and earthquakes; geo-political events, such as civil unrest in a country in which our suppliers are located or terrorist or military activities disrupting transportation, communication or utility systems; or other highly disruptive events, such as nuclear accidents, pandemics, unusual weather conditions or cyber-attacks, could adversely affect our operations and financial performance. Such events could result, among other things, in operational disruptions, physical damage to or destruction or disruption of one or more of our properties or properties used by third parties in connection with the supply of products or services to us, the lack of an adequate workforce in parts or all of our operations and communications and transportation disruptions. These factors could also cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease or result in increased volatility in the United States and global financial markets and economy. Such occurrences could have a material adverse effect on us and could also have indirect consequences such as increases in the costs of insurance if they result in significant loss of property or other insurable damage.
WE HAVE ISSUED A SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES WHICH IF CONVERTED WILL SUBSTANTIALLY DILUTE ALL OF OUR STOCKHOLDERS.
We have issued a substantial number of convertible securities which, if converted, would result in substantial dilution to our stockholders. We also have outstanding other convertible securities, including shares of preferred stock, warrants and other equity instruments convertible into shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2024, these convertible securities include the following and retroactively adjusted to reflect the 1-for-15 reverse stock split effective October 6, 2025.
| Convertible Notes - and Approximate common share equivalents | 206,305 | |||
| Series E preferred shares | 50,400 | |||
| Warrants and Common Stock equivalent’s | 16,901 | |||
| Total Convertible Common Stock equivalents | 273,606 |
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OUR ISSUANCE OF ADDITIONAL CAPITAL STOCK IN CONNECTION WITH FINANCINGS, ACQUISITIONS, INVESTMENTS, OUR EQUITY INCENTIVE PLANS, OR OTHERWISE WILL DILUTE ALL OTHER STOCKHOLDERS.
We expect to issue additional capital stock in the future that will result in dilution to all other stockholders. We expect to grant equity awards to employees, directors, and consultants under our equity incentive plans. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products, or technologies, and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition or investment. Any such issuances of additional capital stock may cause stockholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our common stock to decline.
WE MAY MAKE ACQUISITIONS THAT ARE DILUTIVE TO EXISTING STOCKHOLDERS. IN ADDITION, OUR LIMITED EXPERIENCE IN ACQUIRING OTHER BUSINESSES, PRODUCT LINES AND TECHNOLOGIES MAY MAKE IT DIFFICULT FOR US TO OVERCOME PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN CONNECTION WITH ANY ACQUISITIONS WE MAY UNDERTAKE.
We intend to evaluate and explore strategic opportunities as they arise, including business combinations, strategic partnerships, and the purchase, licensing or sale of assets. In connection with any such future transaction, we could issue dilutive equity securities, incur substantial debt, reduce our cash reserves or assume contingent liabilities.
Our experience in acquiring other businesses, product lines and technologies is limited. Our inability to overcome problems encountered in connection with any acquisitions could divert the attention of management, utilize scarce corporate resources and otherwise harm our business. Any potential future acquisitions also involve numerous risks, including:
| ● | problems assimilating the purchased operations, technologies or products; | |
| ● | costs associated with the acquisition; | |
| ● | adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers; | |
| ● | risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; | |
| ● | potential loss of key employees of purchased organizations; and | |
| ● | potential litigation arising from the acquired company’s operations before the acquisition. |
Furthermore, acquisitions may require material charges and could result in adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation, deferred compensation charges, in-process research and development charges, the amortization of amounts related to deferred compensation and identifiable purchased intangible assets or impairment of goodwill, any of which could negatively affect our results of operations.
WE MAY BE SUBJECT TO GOVERNMENT LAWS AND REGULATIONS PARTICULAR TO OUR OPERATIONS WITH WHICH WE MAY BE UNABLE TO COMPLY.
We may not be able to comply with all current and future government regulations which are applicable to our business. Our business operations are subject to all government regulations normally incident to conducting business (e.g., occupational safety and health acts, workmen’s compensation statutes, unemployment insurance legislation, income tax, and social security laws and regulations, environmental laws and regulations, consumer safety laws and regulations, etc.) as well as to governmental laws and regulations applicable to small public companies and their capital formation efforts. Although we will make every effort to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we can provide no assurance of our ability to do so, nor can we predict the effect of those regulations on our proposed business activities. Our failure to comply with material regulatory requirements would likely have an adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and could result in our cessation of active business operations.
COMPLIANCE WITH CHANGING REGULATION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC DISCLOSURE WILL RESULT IN ADDITIONAL EXPENSES.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related SEC regulations, have created uncertainty for public companies and significantly increased the costs and risks associated with accessing the public markets and public reporting. Our management team will need to invest significant management time and financial resources to comply with both existing and evolving standards for public companies, which will lead to increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue generating activities to compliance activities.
OUR REVENUE GROWTH RATE DEPENDS PRIMARILY ON OUR ABILITY TO EXECUTE OUR BUSINESS PLAN.
We may not be able to identify and maintain the necessary relationships within our industry. Our ability to execute our business plan also depends on other factors, including the ability to:
1. Negotiate and maintain contracts and agreements with acceptable terms;
2. Hire and train qualified personnel;
3. Maintain marketing and development costs at affordable rates; and,
4. Maintain an affordable labor force.
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WE MAY BE SUBJECT TO SECURITIES LITIGATION, WHICH IS EXPENSIVE AND COULD DIVERT MANAGEMENT ATTENTION.
The market price of the shares of our common stock may be volatile, and in the past companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, which requires us to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share. If our stock trades below this threshold for 30 consecutive trading days, we may receive a non-compliance notice from Nasdaq. Failure to regain compliance within the specified grace period could result in delisting, which may negatively impact our liquidity and ability to raise capital.
Additionally, Nasdaq listing requirements mandate that we hold an annual shareholder meeting to maintain compliance with corporate governance rules. Failure to do so may also result in delisting proceedings. We are actively working to address these issues and remain in good standing with Nasdaq.
CETY faces the risk of Nasdaq delisting due to a price deficiency, meaning its stock price has fallen below the minimum bid requirement. To maintain compliance, the company must regain the required price threshold within the allotted grace period. Additionally, successfully holding an annual shareholder meeting is crucial to meeting Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements and maintaining its listing status.
CETY faces the risk of Nasdaq delisting due to the Company’s failure to hold an annual meeting within 12 months of the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. As a result, as of January 8, 2025, the Company has 45 calendar days, or until February 24, 2025, to submit a plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance.
The Company intends to hold its annual meeting as soon as practicable. In that regard, the Company plans to complete and file its Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, on or about by the end of March 2025. Subsequently, the Company plans to file a preliminary proxy on about April 17, 2025 and hold its annual meeting before June 3, 2025. As such, Staff has determined to grant the Company an extension until June 3, 2025, to regain compliance with the Rule.
RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINA
Due to our operations in China, we face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to being based in and having significant operations in China, and therefore are subject to risks associated with doing business in China generally. Risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China could result in a material adverse change in our operations in China and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale, and may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Such risks and uncertainties include the following:
THERE ARE UNCERTAINTIES REGARDING THE INTERPRETATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF PRC LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS.
The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past four decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investment in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to various degrees of interpretation and discretion by PRC regulatory agencies. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the nonbinding nature of such decisions, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and are not always uniform and predictable. These uncertainties may affect our judgment on the relevance of legal requirements and our ability to enforce our contractual rights or tort claims. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and which may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until some time after the occurrence of the violation.
Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have different degrees of discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
THE PRC GOVERNMENT EXERTS SUBSTANTIAL INFLUENCE OVER THE MANNER IN WHICH WE CONDUCT OUR BUSINESS OPERATIONS. IT MAY INFLUENCE OR INTERVENE IN OUR OPERATIONS AT ANY TIME AS PART OF ITS EFFORTS TO ENFORCE PRC LAW, WHICH COULD RESULT IN A MATERIAL ADVERSE CHANGE IN OUR OPERATIONS AND THE VALUE OF THE SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING.
A portion of our business is conducted in the PRC, and is governed by PRC laws, rules and regulations. The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we conduct our business, and it may intervene in or influence our operations at any time. The PRC government has recently published new policies that substantially affected certain industries. We cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies that directly or indirectly affect our industry or require us to seek additional permission to continue our operations, which could result in a material adverse change in our operation in China and/or the value of our securities. Therefore, investors of our company and our business face potential uncertainty from actions taken by the PRC government affecting our business.
The Chinese government has exerted more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers. Such actions could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. For more details, see “— The approval or record filing of the CSRC, CAC, or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our future capital raising activities under the PRC laws.”
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A RECENT JOINT STATEMENT BY THE SEC AND THE PCAOB, RULE CHANGES BY NASDAQ, AND THE HOLDING FOREIGN COMPANIES ACCOUNTABLE ACT ALL CALL FOR ADDITIONAL AND MORE STRINGENT CRITERIA TO BE APPLIED TO COMPANIES WITH OPERATIONS IN EMERGING MARKETS UPON ASSESSING THE QUALIFICATION OF THEIR AUDITORS, ESPECIALLY THE NON-U.S. AUDITORS WHO ARE NOT INSPECTED BY THE PCAOB. THESE DEVELOPMENTS COULD ADD UNCERTAINTIES TO OUR CONTINUED LISTING OR FUTURE OFFERINGS OF OUR SECURITIES IN THE U.S.
On April 21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D. Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or having substantial operations in emerging markets including China. The joint statement emphasized the risks associated with lack of access for the PCAOB to inspect auditors and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets.
On May 18, 2020, Nasdaq filed three proposals with the SEC to (i) apply minimum offering size requirement for companies primarily operating in “Restrictive Market”, (ii) adopt a new requirement relating to the qualification of management or board of directors for Restrictive Market companies, and (iii) apply additional and more stringent criteria to an applicant or listed company based on the qualifications of the company’s auditors.
On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company’s auditors for three consecutive years, the issuer’s securities are prohibited to trade on a national exchange. On December 2, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. On December 18, 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act was signed into law.
On March 24, 2021, the SEC announced the adoption of interim final amendments to implement the submission and disclosure requirements of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. In the announcement, the SEC clarified that before any issuer will have to comply with the interim final amendments, the SEC must implement a process for identifying covered issuers. The announcement also stated that the SEC staff was actively assessing how best to implement the other requirements of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, including the identification process and the trading prohibition requirements.
On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act from three years to two. On December 29, 2022, a legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (the “Consolidated Appropriations Act”), was signed into law by President Biden. The Consolidated Appropriations Act contained, among other things, an identical provision to HFCAA, which reduces the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA from three years to two.
On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, whether the board of directors of a company is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction.
On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions. The final amendments were effective on January 10, 2022. The SEC began to identify and list Commission-Identified Issuers on its website shortly after registrants began filing their annual reports for 2021.
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On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB announced the PCAOB Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act determinations (the “PCAOB determinations”) relating to the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in China of the PRC or Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region and dependency of the PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in the PRC or Hong Kong.
On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China governing inspections and investigations of audit firms based in China and Hong Kong.
On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced in the 2022 Determination its determination that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, and the PCAOB Board voted to vacate previous determinations to the contrary.
Should the PCAOB again encounter impediments to inspections and investigations in mainland China or Hong Kong as a result of positions taken by any authority in either jurisdiction, including by the CSRC or the MOF, the PCAOB will make determinations under the HFCAA as and when appropriate. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in PRC makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of PRC that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in our Common stock to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.
Our auditor, TAAD LLP, is headquartered in the United States, and, as a PCAOB-registered public accounting firm, it is required to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the U.S. and professional standards. TAAD LLP has been subject to PCAOB inspections and is not among the PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in the PRC or Hong Kong that are subject to the PCAOB’s determination of having been unable to inspect or investigate completely. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely, if there is any regulatory change or step taken by PRC regulators that does not permit our auditor to provide audit documentations located in China or Hong Kong to the PCAOB for inspection or investigation, or the PCAOB expands the scope of the Determination so that we are subject to the HFCAA, as the same may be amended, our common stock may be delisted from or prohibited from trading on a national securities exchange, including the Nasdaq, the exchange on which our common stock is currently listed.
The recent developments would add uncertainties to our offering and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us. Furthermore, the Consolidated Appropriations Act reduces the period for foreign companies to comply with PCAOB audits to two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period for triggering the prohibition on trading, and this ultimately could result in our common stock being delisted by an exchange.
THE APPROVAL OR RECORD FILING OF THE CSRC, CAC, OR OTHER PRC GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES MAY BE REQUIRED IN CONNECTION WITH OUR FUTURE CAPITAL RAISING ACTIVITIES UNDER THE PRC LAWS.
Recent statements by the Chinese government have indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investments in PRC based issuers. The PRC has recently promulgated new rules that require companies collecting or holding large amounts of data to undergo a cybersecurity review prior to listing in foreign countries, a move that will significantly tighten oversight over PRC-based internet giants. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version) was promulgated on December 28, 2021 and became effective on February 15, 2022. These measures specify that any “online platform operators” controlling the personal information of more than one million users which seek to list on a foreign stock exchange are subject to prior cybersecurity review.
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On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”) published the Draft Regulations on the Network Data Security Administration (Draft for Comments) (the “Security Administration Draft”), which provides that data processing operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security must be subject to cybersecurity review by the relevant Cyberspace Administration of the PRC. According to the Security Administration Draft, data processing operators shall apply for a cybersecurity review by the relevant Cyberspace Administration of the PRC under certain circumstances, such as (i) mergers, restructurings, and divisions of Internet platform operators that hold large amount of data relating to national security, economic development, or public interest which affects or may affect the national security, (ii) overseas listings of data processors that process personal data for more than one million individuals, (iii) Hong Kong listings of data processors that affect or may affect national security, and (iv) other data processing activities that affect or may affect the national security. The deadline for public comments on the Security Administration Draft was December 13, 2021.
The PRC Data Security Law, which was promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (the “SCNPC”) on June 10, 2021 and took effect on September 1, 2021, requires data collection to be conducted in a legitimate and proper manner, and stipulates that, for the purpose of data protection, data processing activities must be conducted based on data classification and hierarchical protection system for data security.
On August 20, 2021, the SCNPC promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the Personal Information Protection Law, which integrates the scattered rules with respect to personal information rights and privacy protection and took effect on November 1, 2021.
Our business in China does not involve the collection of user data, implicate cybersecurity, or involve any other type of restricted industry. Based on our understanding of currently applicable PRC laws and regulations, our registered public offering in the U.S. is not subject to the review or prior approval of the CAC. As of the date of this Annual Report, we have not received any notice from any authorities identifying the operating entities as CIIOs or requiring us to go through cybersecurity review or network data security review by the CAC. Uncertainties still exist, however, due to the possibility that laws, regulations, or policies in the PRC could change rapidly in the future. Any future action by the PRC government expanding the categories of industries and companies whose foreign securities offerings are subject to review by the CAC could significantly limit our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies with five interpretive guidelines (the “Trial Measures”), which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, a PRC domestic company that seeks to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either in direct or indirect overseas offering, shall fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC and report relevant information to the CSRC. Direct overseas offering and listing by domestic companies refers to such overseas offering and listing by a joint-stock company incorporated domestically. Any overseas offering and listing made by an issuer that meets both the following conditions will be deemed an indirect offering and listing in an overseas market and, therefore, be subject to filing requirement: (i) 50% or more of the issuer’s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent accounting year is accounted for by domestic companies; and (ii) the main parts of the issuer’s business activities are conducted in the Mainland China, or its main places of business are located in the Mainland China, or the senior managers in charge of its business operation and management are mostly Chinese citizens or domiciled in the Mainland China. The determination as to whether or not an overseas offering and listing by domestic companies is indirect shall be made on substance over form basis. If we ever are required by the CSRC to submit and complete the filing procedures for our future offerings of our securities, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete such filings in a timely manner, or even at all, which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Any failure by us to comply with such filing requirements under the Trial Measures may result in rectification, warnings, and a fine between RMB 1 million and RMB 10 million on our PRC Subsidiaries or Shuya, which could adversely and materially affect our business operations and financial outlook and could cause the value of our common stock to significantly decline or, in extreme cases, become worthless.
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On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, together with other PRC government authorities, released the Provisions on Strengthening the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Related to the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises (the “Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions”), which come into effect on March 31, 2023. The Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions require, among others, that PRC domestic enterprises seeking to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either directly or indirectly, shall establish the confidentiality and archives system, and shall complete approval and filing procedures with competent authorities, if such PRC domestic enterprises or their overseas listing entities provide or publicly disclose documents or materials involving state secrets and work secrets of PRC government agencies to relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals. It further stipulates that providing or publicly disclosing documents and materials which may adversely affect national security or public interests, and accounting files or copies of important preservation value to the state and society shall be subject to corresponding procedures in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. As of the date of this Annual Report, we are not subject to the approval to the competent authorities since we do not possess any documents or materials involving state secrets and work secrets of PRC government agencies.
We have been closely monitoring regulatory developments in the PRC regarding any necessary approvals from the CSRC or other PRC governmental authorities required for overseas listings. However, there remains significant uncertainty as to the enactment, interpretation and implementation of regulatory requirements related to overseas securities offerings and other capital markets activities, which could materially and adversely impact our business and financial outlook and may impact our ability to accept foreign investments, or continue to list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange.
CHINA’S ANTI-MONOPOLY LAW, M&A RULES AND CERTAIN OTHER PRC LAWS AND REGULATIONS ALSO ESTABLISH COMPLEX PROCEDURES FOR ACQUISITIONS CONDUCTED BY FOREIGN INVESTORS THAT COULD MAKE IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR US TO GROW THROUGH ACQUISITIONS IN CHINA.
A number of regulations also established additional procedures and requirements that are expected to make merger and acquisition activities in China by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex. For example, the M&A rules require that the Ministry of Commerce, or the MOFCOM, be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise if (i) any important industry is concerned, (ii) such transaction involves factors that have or may have impact on the national economic security, or (iii) such transaction will lead to a change in control of a domestic enterprise which holds a famous trademark or PRC time-honored brand.
The approval from the MOFCOM shall be obtained in circumstances where overseas companies established or controlled by PRC enterprises or residents acquire affiliated domestic companies. Mergers, acquisitions or contractual arrangements that allow one market player to take control of or to exert decisive impact on another market player must also be notified in advance to the anti-monopoly authority under the State Council when the threshold under the Provisions on Thresholds for Prior Notification of Concentrations of Undertakings, or the Prior Notification Rules, issued by the State Council in August 2008 and amended in September 2018, is triggered. In addition, the Rules of the Ministry of Commerce on Implementation of Security Review System of Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the Security Review Rule issued by the MOFCOM that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOFCOM, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement.
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Furthermore, on December 19, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, and MOFCOM promulgated the Measures for Security Review of Foreign Investment, or the Foreign Investment Security Review Measures, which took effect on January 18, 2021. Under the Foreign Investment Security Review Measures, investment in certain key areas which results in acquiring the actual control of the assets is required to obtain approval from designated governmental authorities in advance. We may grow our business in part by acquiring other companies operating in our industry. Complying with the requirements of the new regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including approval from the MOFCOM, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and other governmental authorities, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share. It is unclear whether our business would be deemed to be in an industry that raises “national defense and security” or “national security” concerns. However, MOFCOM or other government agencies may publish explanations in the future determining that our business is in an industry subject to the security review, in which case our future acquisitions in China may be closely scrutinized or prohibited. Our ability to expand our business or maintain or expand our market share through future acquisitions would as such be materially and adversely affected.
OUR PRC SUBSIDIARIES AND SHUYA ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON PAYING DIVIDENDS OR MAKING OTHER PAYMENTS TO US, WHICH MAY RESTRICT OUR ABILITY TO SATISFY OUR LIQUIDITY REQUIREMENTS IN THE FUTURE.
We may need dividends and other distributions on equity from our PRC Subsidiaries or Shuya to satisfy our liquidity requirements. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, such companies are required to set aside at least 10% of their accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital. Our PRC Subsidiaries or Shuya may also, at the respective subsidiary’s discretion, allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on its articles of association and PRC accounting standards to certain reserve funds. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our PRC Subsidiaries or Shuya incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC Subsidiaries or Shuya to distribute dividends or to make payments to us may restrict our ability to satisfy our future liquidity requirements.
In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by PRC companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC-resident enterprises are incorporated. If we are deemed by the PRC tax authorities as a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our non-PRC resident shareholders may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result, may be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10.0%. Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement, the 10% withholding tax rate may be reduced to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns no less than 25% of a PRC entity. However, the 5% withholding tax rate does not automatically apply and certain requirements must be satisfied, including, without limitation, that (a) the Hong Kong entity must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends; and (b) the Hong Kong entity must directly hold no less than 25% share ownership in the PRC entity during the 12 consecutive months preceding its receipt of the dividends. In practice, a Hong Kong entity must obtain a tax resident certificate from the Hong Kong tax authority to apply for the 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. As the Hong Kong tax authority will issue such a tax resident certificate on a case-by-case basis, we cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the Double Taxation Arrangement with respect to any dividends to be paid by our subsidiaries in mainland China to our Hong Kong subsidiary, Clean Energy Technologies (H.K.) Limited.
We can give no assurance that we will declare dividends of any amounts, at any rate or at all in the future. The declaration of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements, general financial conditions, legal and contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
PRC REGULATION OF LOANS TO AND DIRECT INVESTMENT IN PRC ENTITIES BY OFFSHORE HOLDING COMPANIES AND GOVERNMENTAL CONTROL OF CURRENCY CONVERSION MAY DELAY OR PREVENT US FROM MAKING LOANS OR ADDITIONAL CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR PRC SUBSIDIARIES OR SHUYA.
We are a U.S. based company conducting a portion of our operations in China. We may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries or Shuya subject to the approval, registration, and filing with governmental authorities and limitation of amount, or we may make additional capital contributions to our subsidiaries in China and Hong Kong. Any loans to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in mainland China, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC law, are subject to foreign exchange loan registrations. In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals or filings on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya or with respect to future capital contributions by us to our PRC Subsidiaries and Shuya. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds from securities offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our Chinese operations may be negatively affected.
FLUCTUATIONS IN EXCHANGE RATES COULD HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF OUR PRC SUBSIDIARIES AND SHUYA.
The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions in China and by China’s foreign exchange policies. Since June 2010, the Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and unpredictably. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate system, and we cannot assure you that the Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future which may impact the profitability of our operations in China.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity.
As one of the critical elements of our overall ERM approach, our cybersecurity efforts are focused on the following key areas:
| ● | Governance: | |
| ● | Collaborative Approach: We have implemented a cross-functional approach to identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats and incidents, while also implementing controls and procedures that provide for the prompt escalation of certain cybersecurity incidents so that decisions regarding the public disclosure and reporting of such incidents can be made by management in a timely manner. | |
| ● | Technical Safeguards: We deploy technical safeguards that are designed to protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats, including firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality and access controls, which are evaluated and improved through vulnerability assessments and cybersecurity threat intelligence. |
Third
parties also play a role in our cybersecurity. We engage
While we have experienced cybersecurity threats in the past in the normal course of business and expect to continue to experience such threats from time to time, to date, none have had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Even with the approach we take to cybersecurity, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on us.
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WE ARE NOT CURRENTLY IN COMPLIANCE WITH NASDAQ’S LISTING REQUIREMENTS; IF WE ARE NOT ABLE TO REGAIN COMPLIANCE WITH THOSE REQUIREMENTS WITHIN THE TIME PERIODS PERMITTED BY NASDAQ, OUR COMMON STOCK MAY BE DELISTED, WHICH WOULD LIKELY IMPAIR OUR ABILITY TO RAISE CAPITAL AND COULD CONSTITUTE AN EVENT OF DEFAULT UNDER OUR OUTSTANDING PROMISSORY NOTES.
On November 5, 2024, the Company received a written notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) indicating that the Company was not in compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). The Nasdaq listing rules require listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, and, based upon the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock for the prior 30 consecutive business days, the Company no longer met that requirement. The Nasdaq rules initially provided the Company a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the notice (or until May 5, 2025) in which to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. On May 7, 2025, Nasdaq granted the Company an additional 180-day extension (or until November 3, 2025) to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. On October 20, 2025, Nasdaq notified the Company that the Company had regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, and the matter was closed.
On January 8, 2025, the Company received a written notice from Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq’s annual shareholder meeting requirement as set forth in Listing Rules 5620(a) and 5810(c)(2)(G) (the “Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement”). The Nasdaq listing rules require the Company to have an annual meeting of shareholders within twelve months of the end of the Company’s fiscal year end, and the Company has not had an annual meeting within twelve months of the Company’s 2023 fiscal year end as required. The Nasdaq rules provided the Company 45 calendar days to submit a plan to regain compliance with the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement. The Company submitted such plan as required, and on February 27, 2025, Nasdaq provided the Company an extension of until June 3, 2025, to regain compliance with the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement. On April 30, 2025, the Company held its annual meeting of shareholders, and the Company regained compliance with the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement.
On April 17, 2026, the Company received a written notice Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) because the Company had not yet filed its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. That rule requires listed companies to timely file all required periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Under Nasdaq rules, the Company has 60 calendar days from receipt of the notice to submit a plan to regain compliance. If Nasdaq accepts the Company’s plan, then Nasdaq may grant an exception of up to 180 calendar days from the due date of the Form 10-K, or until October 12, 2026, to regain compliance.
On May 26, 2026, the Company received a written notice Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) because the Company had not yet filed its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2026. That rule requires listed companies to timely file all required periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Under Nasdaq rules, the Company has 60 calendar days from receipt of the notice to submit a plan to regain compliance. If Nasdaq accepts the Company’s plan, then Nasdaq may grant an exception of up to 180 calendar days from the due date of the Form 10-Q, or until November 16, 2026, to regain compliance.
The Company intends to submit a plan to Nasdaq regarding regaining compliance with Nasdaq’s rules. However, there can be no assurance that Nasdaq will accept the Company’s plan to regain compliance or that the Company will be able to regain compliance within any extension period granted by Nasdaq. If Nasdaq does not accept the Company’s plan, then the Company will have the opportunity to appeal that decision to a Nasdaq hearings panel.
If the Company’s common stock ultimately were to be delisted for any reason, it could negatively impact the Company by (i) reducing the liquidity and market price of the Company’s common stock; (ii) reducing the number of investors willing to hold or acquire the Company’s common stock, which could negatively impact the Company’s ability to raise equity financing; (iii) limiting the Company’s ability to use a registration statement to offer and sell freely tradable securities, thereby preventing the Company from accessing the public capital markets; and (iv) impairing the Company’s ability to provide equity incentives to its employees. Additionally, delisting of the Company’s common stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market could constitute an event of default under its outstanding convertible promissory notes, resulting in those notes becoming immediately due and payable, and resulting in default penalties being applied to those notes.
Item 2. Properties.
Our corporate headquarters was located at 2990 Redhill Unit A, Costa Mesa, CA., which ended in November 2023. On March 10, 2016, the Company signed a lease agreement for a 18,200-square foot CTU Industrial Building. Lease term were seven years and two months beginning July 1, 2017. In October of 2018 we signed a sublease agreement with our facility in Italy with an indefinite term that may be terminated by either party with a 60-day notice for 1,000 Euro per month. Due to the short termination clause, we are treating this as a month-to-month lease.
We have relocated our corporate offices to 1340 Reynolds Avenue, Unit 120, Irvine, CA 92614. On December 1, 2023, the Company signed a lease agreement for a 3000-square foot of office space with Metro Creekside California, LLC. Lease term is thirty-eight months beginning December 1, 2023 and expiring on January 31, 2027. This location is used as CETY’s headquarters and coordination center for all domestic and global business units. On October 16 of 2023 we signed a sublease agreement to relocate the HRS operations from Costa Mesa to Irvine, California for one year and 7 months commencing December 1, 2023 and ending June 30, 2025. This location is used for Heat Recovery Solutions design, manufacturing, testing, and support. We also signed a temporary storage lease and Due to the short termination clause, we are treating this as a month-to-month lease. The lease payments for the years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023, are:
| Year | Lease Payment | |||
| 2024 | $ | 173,931 | ||
| 2023 | $ | 275,281 | ||
Our lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 was $250,267 and $310,004 respectively, which also included common area maintenance.
We also operate offices in Chengdu, China, which serve as operational bases for our NG trading business and a gas storage and pumping station in Chengdu, China as well.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we may be party to litigation matters occurring in the ordinary course of our business. As of the date of this Annual Report, however, there are no material pending legal or governmental proceedings relating to our Company to which we are a party, and to our knowledge there are no material proceedings to which any of our directors, executive officers or affiliates are a party adverse to us or which have a material interest adverse to us.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
All share and per-share information in this section has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 1-for-15 reverse stock split effectively on October 06, 2025.
Bid and ask quotations for our common shares are routinely submitted by registered broker dealers who are members of the National Association of Securities Dealers on the NASD Over-the-Counter Electronic Bulletin Board. These quotations reflect inner-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not represent actual transactions. The high and low bid information for our shares for each quarter for the last two years, so far as information is reported, through the year ended December 31, 2024, as reported by the Nasdaq Markets, are as follows:
| 2024 FISCAL YEAR | High | Low | ||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 1.53 | $ | 0.50 | ||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 1.74 | $ | 1.13 | ||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 1.29 | $ | 0.88 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 1.05 | $ | 0.53 | ||||
| 2023 FISCAL YEAR | High | Low | ||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 3.66 | $ | 3.27 | ||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 1.93 | $ | 1.72 | ||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 1.93 | $ | 1.82 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 1.59 | $ | 1.44 | ||||
Record Holders
As of April 09, 2025, there were 3,168,229 shares of the registrant’s $0.001 par value common stock issued and outstanding, which shares were owned by approximately 5000 holders of record, based on information provided by our transfer agent and NOBO.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared a cash dividend on our common stock and our Board of Directors does not anticipate that we will pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, restrictions contained in our agreements and other factors which our Board of Directors deems relevant.
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Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
During the period covered by this annual report (the fiscal year ended 2024) the company issued the following unregistered equity securities that were not already disclosed in a quarterly report on a form 10Q or in a current report on a form 8K:
On June 21, 2024, the Company issued 2,667 shares to a consultant at fair value of $52,800.
In the second quarter of 2024, the Company issued 52,140 shares for conversion of Series E Preferred share valued at $756,435.
In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company issued 26,667 shares for conversion of Series E Preferred share valued at $219,176.
On October 20, 2024, the Company entered into a subscription agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell up to 10,677 units to the Subscribers for an aggregate purchase price of $102,500.
On November 8, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Coventry. As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer 2,667 shares of Common Stock as commitment shares.
On November 18, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mast Hill Fund, L.P. As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer 3,333 shares of Common Stock as commitment shares.
On November 29, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement as a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer 2,667 shares of Common Stock.
On December 23, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement as a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued 33,333 shares of Common Stock to the Buyer.
As of the filing date in 2025, the Company has issued 137,720 shares for the conversion of Series E Preferred shares, with a total value of $756,139 year-to-date.
On January 27, 2025, the Company issued 3,740 shares as the final payment of a note to Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund LLC.
On February 11, 2025, the Company entered into a consulting agreement as a condition to the agreement, the Company issued 1,667 shares of Common Stock to the consultant.
On April 04, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement as a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer 3,000 shares of Common Stock.
These securities were issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and/or Rule 506 promulgated thereunder. The holders represented their intention to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view towards distribution. The investors were given adequate information about us to make an informed investment decision. We did not engage in any general solicitation or advertising. We directed our transfer agent to issue the stock certificates with the appropriate restrictive legend affixed to the restricted stock.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item. We reserve the right not to provide the Selected Financial Data in our future filings.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
You should read this section together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, adopted pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are not purely historical may be forward-looking. For example, statements in this Annual Report regarding our plans, strategy and focus areas are forward-looking statements. You can identify some forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “goal,” “plan,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties regarding events, conditions and financial trends that may affect our future plans of operation, business strategy, results of operations and financial position.
A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those included within or contemplated by such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to risks relating to pandemics, the ongoing war in Ukraine and the conflict in Israel and their impact on the global economy, trade tariffs and threats of trade tariffs and their impact on localized economies, our history of losses, our dependence on key members of our management and development team, and our ability to generate and/or obtain adequate capital to fund future operations.
For a discussion of these and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those contemplated in the forward-looking statements, please see the discussion under “Risk Factors” in our other publicly available filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements reflect our analysis only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Because actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. We do not undertake responsibility to update or revise any of these factors or to announce publicly any revision to forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Company Information
We were incorporated in California in July 1995 under the name Probe Manufacturing Industries, Inc. We redomiciled to Nevada in April 2005 under the name Probe Manufacturing, Inc. We manufactured electronics and provided services to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of industrial, automotive, semiconductor, medical, communication, military, and high technology products. On September 11, 2015 Clean Energy HRS, or “CE HRS”, our wholly owned subsidiary acquired the assets of Heat Recovery Solutions from General Electric International. In November 2015, we changed our name to Clean Energy Technologies, Inc.
Our principal executive offices are located at 1340 Reynolds Avenue Unit 120, Irvine, California 92614. Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Markets under the symbol “CETY.”
Our internet website address is www.cetyinc.com. The information contained on our websites are not incorporated by reference into this document, and you should not consider any information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this document.
The Company has four reportable segments: Clean Energy HRS (HRS), CETY Renewables waste to energy solutions, engineering, procurement, construction and program management services, and CETY HK natural gas trading business.
We offer turnkey energy solutions leveraging our technologies and solutions to provide green energy solutions, clean energy fuels and alternative electricity. We were incorporated in California in July 1995 under the name Probe Manufacturing Industries, Inc. We redomiciled to Nevada in April 2005 under the name Probe Manufacturing, Inc. We provided engineering and manufacturing electronics services to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of clean energy, industrial, automotive, semiconductor, medical, communication, military, and high technology products.
With the vision to combat climate change and creating a better, cleaner and environmentally sustainable future, we formed Clean Energy HRS, LLC a wholly owned subsidiary of Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. and acquired the assets of Heat Recovery Solutions from General Electric International on September 11, 2015. In November 2015, we changed our name to Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 1340 Reynolds Avenue Unit 120, Irvine, CA 92614. We have 22 full-time employees. All employees and overhead are shared between Clean Energy Technologies, Inc, Clean Energy HRS, LLC, waste to energy business unit, engineering solutions, and our natural gas trading business.
Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. established a new company, CETY Europe, SRL (CETY Europe) as a wholly owned subsidiary. CETY Europe is a Sales and Service Center in Silea (Treviso), Italy established in 2017. The service center became operational in November 2018. Their offices are located at Alzaia Sul Sile, 26D, 31057 Silea (TV) and the have 1 full time employee.
Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. established a wholly owned subsidiary called CETY Capital, a financing arm of CETY to fund captive renewable energy projects producing low carbon energy. CETY Capital will add flexibility to the capacity CETY offers its customers and fund projects utilizing its products and clean energy solutions.
CETY Capital retains 49% ownership interest in Vermont Renewable Gas LLC established to develop a biomass plant in Vermont utilizing CETY’s High Temperature Ablative Pyrolysis system.
Clean Energy Technologies (H.K.) Limited., a wholly owned subsidiary of Clean Energy Technologies Inc. acquired 100% ownership of Leading Wave Limited a natural gas trading company in China.
The Company has four reportable segments: Clean Energy HRS (HRS) and CETY Europe, CETY Renewables, CETY HK and CETY engineering solution services division. During the reporting period, the Company made the strategic decision to discontinue its involvement in the Shuya operations, which was previously aligned under the CETY HK segment. This decision reflects a broader effort to sharpen the Company’s focus on its core competencies and highest-value opportunities in waste-to-energy, heat recovery, and eco-friendly energy solutions.
Business Overview
General
The Company’s business and operating results are directly affected by changes in overall customer demand, operational costs and performance and leverage of our fixed cost and selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) infrastructure.
Product sales fluctuate in response to several factors including many that are beyond the Company’s control, such as general economic conditions, interest rates, government regulations, consumer spending, labor availability, and our customers’ production rates and inventory levels. Product sales consist of demand from customers in many different markets with different levels of cyclicality and seasonality.
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Operating performance is dependent on the Company’s ability to manage changes in input costs for items such as raw materials, labor, and overhead operating costs. Performance is also affected by manufacturing efficiencies, including items such as on time delivery, quality, scrap, and productivity. Market factors of supply and demand can impact operating costs
Who We Are
We provide turnkey energy solutions leveraging our technologies, including power generation, heat recovery, and waste to energy to deliver green energy solutions, clean energy fuels, and alternative electricity to small and midsize projects in North America, Europe, and ASEAN markets that make environmental and economic sense. Our mission is to be a segment leader in the Zero Emission Revolution by offering eco-friendly energy solutions for a sustainable future. We target sustainable energy solutions that are profitable for us, profitable for our customers and represent the future of global energy production.
Our principal businesses
Waste Heat Recovery Solutions – we recycle wasted heat produced in manufacturing, waste to energy and power generation facilities using our patented Clean CycleTM generator to create electricity which can be recycled or sold to the grid.
Waste to Energy Solutions - we convert waste products created in manufacturing, agriculture, wastewater treatment plants and other industries to electricity, renewable natural gas (“RNG”), hydrogen and bio char which are sold or used by our customers.
Engineering, Consulting and Project Management Solutions – we bring a wealth of experience in developing clean energy projects for municipal and industrial customers and Engineering, Project Development companies so they can identify, design, and incorporate clean energy solutions in their projects.
CETY HK
Clean Energy Technologies (H.K.) Limited (“CETY HK”) consists of a ventures in mainland China: (i) our natural gas (“NG”) trading operations sourcing and suppling NG to industries and municipalities. The NG is principally used for heavy truck refueling stations and urban or industrial users. We purchase large quantities of NG from large wholesale NG depots at fixed prices which are prepaid for in advance at a discount to market. We sell the NG to our customers at prevailing daily spot prices for the duration of the contracts.
Business and Segment Information
We design, produce and market clean energy products and integrated solutions focused on energy efficiency and renewable energy. Our aim is to become a leading provider of renewable and energy efficiency products and solutions by helping commercial companies and municipalities reduce energy waste and emissions, lower energy costs and generate incremental revenue by providing electricity, renewable natural gas, hydrogen and biochar to the grid.
Segment Information
Our four segments for accounting purposes are:
Clean Energy HRS & CETY Europe – Our Waste Heat Recovery Solutions, converting thermal energy to zero emission electricity.
CETY Renewables Waste to Energy Solutions – Providing Waste to Energy technologies and solutions.
Engineering and Manufacturing Business – Providing customers with comprehensive design, manufacturing, and project management solutions.
CETY HK – The parent company of our NG trading operations in China. Prior to the first quarter of 2022, the Company had three reportable segments but added the CETY HK segment to reflect its recent new businesses in China.
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Summary of Operating Results for the year ended December 31, 2024 (Restated), Compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 (Restated)
Going Concern
The financial statements have been prepared on a basis, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had a total stockholder’s equity of $1,897,145 and a working capital deficit of $3,478,090 and an accumulated deficit of $28,480,730 as of December 31, 2024 and used $3,560,951 in net cash from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024. CETY has a clear strategy in place and has the capability to successfully restructure its existing debt and secure additional financing. With its current strategic approach and diversification of its products and solutions, the management has created a favorable environment for the company to transition towards profitability.
For the fiscal year closing on December 31, 2024, our company reported a net loss amounting to $4,550,296, to the net loss of $5,734,071 before non-controlling interest and tax we achieved during the equivalent period in 2023. CETY’s net loss was impacted by a shift in our revenue mix, with lower business from China, which historically had lower margins, and an increasing focus on higher-margin opportunities from our waste-to-energy business. Additionally, while interest and financing fees were lower compared to previous periods, they remained high due to delays in our registration becoming effective. These factors contributed to the overall financial performance for the period.
Following the close of the 2024 fiscal year, CETY’s equity saw a significant decrease, dropping from $4,208,460 to $1,897,145, as reflected in our quarterly financials. This decline was primarily driven by ongoing investments in our waste-to-energy business, the impact of lower-margin revenue from China, and continued financing costs. Despite this, our strategic focus on higher-margin opportunities positions us for stronger long-term growth and improved financial performance.
The financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had stockholders’ equity of $1,897,145, a working capital deficit of $3,478,090, and an accumulated deficit of $28,480,730. The Company also reported net cash used in operating activities of $3,560,951 for the year ended December 31, 2024. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.
During 2024 and continuing into 2025, the Company’s financial condition and operating results were adversely impacted by several factors, including continued financing and interest-related costs, delays associated with financing and registration effectiveness, lower-margin revenue contributions from certain operations, ongoing investments in strategic waste-to-energy initiatives, and accounting adjustments and restatement-related impacts associated with prior period activities and financial reporting reviews.
Management has implemented and continues to pursue multiple initiatives intended to improve liquidity and operating performance. These initiatives include restructuring certain existing obligations, pursuing additional equity and strategic financing opportunities, reducing operating costs where appropriate, focusing on higher-margin waste-to-energy and heat recovery opportunities, advancing strategic commercial projects, and pursuing operational efficiencies across the organization. Management is also actively evaluating strategic partnerships, project-level financing opportunities, and other capital formation initiatives intended to support the Company’s long-term business objectives.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported a net loss of $4,550,296 compared to a net loss of $5,734,071 for the prior year period. While management believes the actions presently being taken provide a path toward improving liquidity and operating performance, such plans are subject to various risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that such efforts will be successful or sufficient to alleviate substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Accordingly, the accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
See note 12 to the notes to the financial statements for a discussion on related party transaction
Results for the year ended December 31, 2024 (Restated), compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 (Restated).
Net Sales
For the year ending December 31, 2024, our total revenue was $2,424,659 compared to $6,693,844 for the same period in 2023. The Company has four reportable segments: CETY Renewables division, Clean Energy HRS (HRS) and CETY Europe, the engineering and program management services division, and CETY HK.
Segment Breakdown
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, our revenue from Engineering and Manufacturing amounted to $9,341, a decrease from $47,091 for the corresponding period in 2023. This decline is due to the gradual shutdown of our legacy manufacturing operations and the strategic reallocation of resources towards becoming a turnkey provider of technology energy solutions, thus enhancing support for our other advanced technology segments. Going forward, our power generation site design and integration for data centers and industrial operations will be assigned to this segment.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our revenue from HRS was $158,141 compared to $497,584 for the same period in 2023. The decrease in revenue for Heat Recovery Solutions (HRS) and ORC systems in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily due to project delays and longer sales cycles associated with supply chain disruptions and extended customer decision-making processes. Additionally, some key contracts that were expected to close in 2024 were pushed into 2025 due to permitting and financing challenges faced by customers. The lower revenue also reflects a strategic shift toward larger-scale projects, which have longer development timelines but are expected to generate higher future revenues.
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, our revenue from CETY Renewables, our newly launched waste-to-energy business, amounted to $1,064,757 compared to $429,999 for the same period in 2023. The increase in revenue from CETY Renewables in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily driven by the continued development and progress of the VRG project, which advanced through critical permitting and early-stage construction design phases. The rise in revenue also aligns with our strategic efforts to scale operations and establish a stronger market presence in the renewable energy sector.
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, our revenue from the NG business reached $1,192,420, a significant drop from $5,719,170 in the corresponding period of 2023. The decline in revenue from our NG business in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily due to lower demand in China, driven by economic factors and shifts in energy consumption patterns. Additionally, increased competition and more competitive pricing in the market pressured margins, leading to a significant drop in revenue. These factors contributed to a slower sales cycle and reduced order volume compared to the previous year.
Gross Profit
For the year ending December 31, 2024, our gross profit increased to $846,555 compared to $460,835 for the same period in 2023. This growth was achieved despite a significant decline in revenue, primarily due to the slowdown in CETY HK’s natural gas business. The increase in gross profit reflects improved operational efficiencies and a stronger revenue mix from higher-margin segments, including CETY Renewables. However, the overall gross margin percentage declined, largely due to the lower-margin nature of the China natural gas business and increased competition in that market. Moving forward, we remain focused on expanding our higher-margin renewable energy and waste-to-energy solutions to drive sustainable profitability.
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Segment Breakdown
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our gross profit from HRS was $19,206 compared to $157,178 for the same period in 2023; This decrease was primarily due to delays in booking and shipping products, as customers were evaluating their sites and waiting for clarity on economic factors driven by the U.S. government’s pending tax incentive programs and the release of new guidelines at the end of 2024, compounded by the election year uncertainties.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our gross profit from CETY Renewables increased to $829,784, compared to $355,234 for the same period in 2023. This growth reflects the expansion of our higher-margin waste-to-energy business, which in 2024 consisted of engineering, project development, and services with minimal material costs. The strong profitability of this segment underscores our strategic focus on delivering turnkey renewable energy solutions that generate long-term value while maintaining a lean cost structure.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our gross profit from CETY HK improved to $(6,195), compared to $(35,378) for the same period in 2023. While overall market conditions for the natural gas business in China remained challenging, we were able to mitigate some losses through operational efficiencies and pricing adjustments.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our gross profit from PMI amounted to $7,806, compared to $(16,199) for the same period in 2023. This segment is a recent addition to CETY’s portfolio, currently serving as a support for our ongoing internal projects. Nevertheless, it is anticipated to expand notably as CETY shifts its focus towards providing comprehensive end-to-end power generation and integrated solutions.
Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) Expenses
For the year ending December 31, 2024, our Selling, General, and Administrative (SG&A) expenses increased to $1,015,102, compared to $679,004 in 2023. This increase was primarily driven by expanded investments in Media and Investor Relations, marketing efforts, and sales initiatives aimed at supporting business growth. Increased spending on subscription services and IT infrastructure. Furthermore, the rise in SG&A includes expenses related to inducement shares issued in connection with inducement shares for various notes, contributing to the overall increase in administrative costs.
Salary Expense
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, our total salaries increased to $1,906,701, compared to $1,570,909 in 2023. This increase was primarily driven by the expansion of our CETY Renewables team to support the growth of our waste-to-energy business, as well as salary increases in our China operations. These strategic investments in personnel were necessary to strengthen our capabilities, drive project execution, and support long-term business expansion.
Travel Expense
For the year ending December 31, 2024, our travel expenses totaled $185,876, compared to $247,124 for the same period in 2023. This reduction in expenditure is primarily due to a decrease in travel costs from both the US and Europe.
Facility Lease Expense
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, our Facility Lease expense amounted to $285,823, a slight decrease from $310,004 in 2023. This reduction reflects our ongoing efforts to lower lease costs through renegotiations and our focus on more efficient operations. We have continuously worked to optimize our space utilization and streamline processes, contributing to this modest reduction in lease expenses.
Consulting Expense
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, our total expenses for Investor Relations (IR), marketing, and contractors related to the VRG project were $195,640, compared to $196,301 for the same period in 2023. This represents a very slight decrease in expenses, reflecting our continued focus on cost management while maintaining efforts to support the VRG project.
Bad Debt
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our bad debt expense was $217,584 compared to $0 for the same period in 2023.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our depreciation and amortization expense was $8,907 compared to $26,692 for the same period in 2024.
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Professional fees legal and accounting
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, our Professional Fees expense amounted to $578,937, up from $356,785 in the same period of 2023. This increase was primarily due to higher costs associated with engaging a new auditor, as well as the increased expenses tied to our status as a Nasdaq-listed company and expenses associated with our SEC filings.
Net (Loss) from operations
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, our net loss from operations totaled $3,330,431, an increase compared to the net loss of $2,925,984 for the same period in 2023. This rise in loss is primarily due to the expansion of our team, our uplisting to Nasdaq, and the growth of our global business operations, as well as a decline in revenue from our NG business. Although revenue dropped substantially, our net loss remained relatively close to the losses incurred in 2023, reflecting our efforts to manage costs despite the challenges.
Change in Derivative Liability
For the year ended December 31, 2024, we had $0 compared to loss on derivative liability of $326,539 for the same period in 2023. The decrease in loss on derivative liability was due to maturity date and expiration of the notes.
Change in FV of warrant liability
For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $26,596 and nil gain on warrant liability related to Equity Line of Credit Agreement entered December 5, 2024.
Gain on debt settlement and write off
For the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded gain of $8,135, compared to a loss of $1,124,654 for the same period in 2023. The loss in 2024 was primarily attributable to the deconsolidation of Shuya, while the 2023 loss was due to the fair market valuation of preferred shares.
Interest Income
For the year ended December 31, 2024, interest income from Florya associated with long-term financing receivable totaled $53,153 compared to $48,595 for the same period in 2024.
Interest and Finance Fees
For the year ended December 31, 2024, interest and finance fees totaled $1,199,042, compared to $2,137,649 for the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in convertible notes, bridge financing fees, and interest. However, we still incurred significant financing fees and higher interest costs due to delays in our registration statement becoming effective, delays in funding, and the need to rely on more expensive debt during the year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flow Summary
For the years ended December 31,
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Net Cash used in operating activities | $ | (3,560,951 | ) | $ | (4,783,077 | ) | ||
| Cash flows used in investing activities | 161,240 | (318,602 | ) | |||||
| Cash flows provided by financing activities | 3,373,903 | 5,096,483 | ||||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (27,525 | ) | $ | 25,580 | |||
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Capital Requirements for long-term obligations
The following table presents the Company’s material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2024:
| Contractual Obligations | Total | Less than 1 year | 1–3 years | |||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | $ | 168,608 | $ | 130,483 | $ | 38,125 | ||||||
| $ | 168,608 | $ | 130,483 | $ | 38,125 | |||||||
None.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements. A complete summary of these policies is included in the notes to our financial statements. In general, management’s estimates are based on historical experience, on information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates made by management.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue under ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” (“ASC 606”).
Performance Obligations Satisfied Over Time
FASB ASC 606-10-25-27 through 25-29, 25-36 through 25-37, 55-5 through 55-10
An entity transfers control of a good or service over time and satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time if one of the following criteria is met:
a. The customer receives and consumes the benefits provided by the entity’s performance as the entity performs (as described in FASB ASC 606-10-55-5 through 55-6).
b. The entity’s performance creates or enhances an asset (for example, work in process) that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced (as described in FASB ASC 606-10-55-7).
c. The entity’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the entity (see FASB ASC 606-10-25-28), and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date (as described in FASB ASC 606-10-25-29).
The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle for our business:
| ● | Identify the contract with the customer | |
| ● | Identify the performance obligations in the contract | |
| ● | Determine the transaction price | |
| ● | Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract | |
| ● | Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation |
Performance Obligations Satisfied at a Point in Time
FASB ASC 606-10-25-30
If a performance obligation is not satisfied over time, the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time. To determine the point in time at which a customer obtains control of a promised asset and the entity satisfies a performance obligation, the entity should consider the guidance on control in FASB ASC 606-10-25-23 through 25-26. In addition, it should consider indicators of the transfer of control, which include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. The entity has a present right to payment for the asset
b. The customer has legal title to the asset
c. The entity has transferred physical possession of the asset
d. The customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset
e. The customer has accepted the asset
The core principle of the revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods and services transferred to the customer. In addition a) the company also does not have an alternative use for the asset if the customer were to cancel the contract, and b) has a fully enforceable right to receive payment for work performed (i.e., customers are required to pay as various milestones and/or timeframes are met)
| 43 |
The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle for our HRS and CETY Europe Divisions:
| ● | Identify the contract with the customer | |
| ● | Identify the performance obligations in the contract | |
| ● | Determine the transaction price | |
| ● | Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract | |
| ● | Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation |
The following steps are applied to our legacy engineering and manufacturing division:
| ● | We generate a quotation | |
| ● | We receive Purchase orders from our customers. | |
| ● | We build the product to their specification | |
| ● | We invoice at the time of shipment | |
| ● | The terms are typically Net 30 days |
The following step is applied to our CETY HK business unit:
| ● | CETY HK is primarily responsible for fulfilling the contract / promise to provide the specified good or service. |
A principal obtains control over any one of the following (ASC 606-10-55-37A):
| a. | A good or another asset from the other party which the entity then transfers to the customer. Note that momentary control before transfer to the customer may not qualify. | |
| b. | A right to a service to be performed by the other party, which gives the entity the ability to direct that party to provide the service to the customer on the entity’s behalf. | |
| c. | A good or service from the other party that it then combines with other goods or services in providing the specified good or service to the customer. |
If the entity obtains control over one of the above before the good or service is transferred to a customer, the entity could be considered a principal.
During the project development and engineering phase of our CETY Renewable projects such as VRG, we employ the input method of revenue recognition to estimate revenue based on projected costs. This approach involves forecasting future costs and revenues to determine the amount of revenue we recognize in the current period. It’s important to understand, however, that these recognized revenue figures are not final and are subject to adjustments. Changes may occur as we gain more clarity on actual costs compared to our initial projections, affecting the revenue recognized accordingly.
The projected costs of the VRG project is based on estimates and profitability will be impacted depending on actual costs. Using the input method for revenue recognition, the amount of recorded revenue is also affected depending on the estimated total costs. The purchase price allocation for Shuya was also based on estimates and comparable data selected by the Company. The inputs for the valuation of the Series E preferred shares were also based on estimates and comparable data selected by the Company.
Additionally, the above five steps are applied to achieve core principle for our CETY Renewables Division:
Because the CETY Renewables division is presently engaged in the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) of biomass power facilities, CETY Renewables has developed a process of executing EPC Agreements with customers for this work. In contracting these engagements, CETY Renewables recognizes revenue according to accounting standards in accordance with ASC 606.
In recognizing this revenue, CETY Renewables first identifies the relevant contract with its customer according to 606-10-25-1.
| ● | The entities, together known as the Parties, approved the contract in writing, through signatures and commitment to the performance of permitting, design, procurement, construction, and commissioning. |
| ● | CETY’s work product includes permits, engineering designs, equipment, and full balance of plant specific to permitting, design, procurement, construction, and commissioning. |
| ● | CETY and customer agree to a total EPC Contract price. |
| ● | The contract has commercial substance. The risk associated with this EPC Agreement is that payment of the EPC contract price. |
| ● | Per the EPC Agreement, CETY expects to collect substantially all of the consideration for its goods and services. |
Secondly, CETY identifies the performance obligations of the Parties in performance of the EPC Agreement in accordance with 606-10-25-14. At contract inception, CETY assesses the goods and services necessary to deliver the facility in accordance with the agreement with its clients. The agreement specifically laid out all deliverables necessary to achieve the permitting, design, procurement, construction, and commissioning.
CETY also looks at 606-10-25-14(A). A bundle of goods or services is also present, in that CETY is delivering all work products associated with permitting, design, procurement, construction and commissioning of a commercially operable biomass power plant. A biomass power plant is a distinct bundle of goods or services, so the individual goods or services on their own do not lend themselves to a fully integrated or functional system.
CETY in accordance with 606-10-32-1, CETY reviews measurement of the performance obligations. There are no exclusion of any amount of the Contract Price due to constraints associated with 606-10-31-11 through 606-10-32-13.
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In review of 606-10-32-2A, CETY did not exclude measurement from the measurement of the transaction price any taxes assessed by a government authority as no such taxes will be due.
In reviewing 606-10-32-3, CETY evaluated the nature, timing, and amount of consideration promised, and whether it impacts the estimate of the transaction price.
Finally, in identifying a single method of measuring progress for each performance obligation satisfied over time, in accordance with 606-10-25-32, CETY applies the methodology of 606-10-25-36. CETY adopted and implemented the input method for revenue recognition in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-33. The company adopts the input method for implementation. CETY recognizes revenue for performance obligations on the basis of the entity’s efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of a performance obligation per 606-10-55-20.
For CETY, the contracts with clients for the construction of biomass power plants are the basis for revenue recognition. In each separate EPC Agreement, the performance obligations include permitting, design, procurement, construction, and commissioning of the plant. All of these work products satisfy Section 606-10-25-27(b) as these work products create or enhance an asset under customer’s control. Upon delivery of the work product, the customer takes control of the work products and has full right and ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the assets. We recognize revenue over time, using timeline and milestone methods to measure progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation.
During the complexity and duration of the biomass power plant construction projects, CETY will recognize revenue over time, consistent with the criteria for over-time recognition under ASC 606. This approach reflects the continuous transfer of documents, permits, and the equipment over to the customer, which is characteristic of long-term construction contracts.
We have a list of appropriate measures of progress: This is based on milestones achieved, among other measures.
Given the long-term nature of the projects, CETY regularly reviews and, if necessary, updates its estimates of progress towards completion, transaction price, and the allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations.
Also, from time-to-time, our contracts state that the customer is not obligated to pay a final payment until the units are commissioned, i.e. a final payment of 10%. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 we had $33,000 and $33,000 of deferred revenue, which is expected to be recognized in the second quarter of year 2025.
Also, from time-to-time, we require upfront deposits from our customers based on the contract. As of December 31, 2024 (Restated) and 2023, we had outstanding customer deposits of $172,061 and $307,236, respectively.
Change from fair value or equity method to consolidation
In July 2022, JHJ and other three shareholders agreed to form and make total capital contribution of RMB 20 million ($2.81 million) with latest contribution due date in February 2066 into Sichuan Hongzuo Shuya Energy Limited (“Shuya”), JHK owns 20% of Shuya. In August 2022, JHJ purchased 100% ownership of Sichuan Shunengwei Energy Technology Limited (“SSET”) for $0, who owns 29% of Shuya; Shunengwei is a holding company and did not have any operations nor made any capital contribution into Shuya as of the ownership purchase date by JHJ; right after the ownership purchase of SSET, JHJ ultimately owns 49% of Shuya.
Shuya was set up as the operating entity for pipeline natural gas (PNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) trading business, while the other two shareholders of Shuaya have large supply relationships.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company has determined that Shuya was not a VIE and has evaluated its consolidation analysis under the voting interest model. Because the Company does not own greater than 50% of the outstanding voting shares, either directly or indirectly, it has accounted for its investment in Shuya under the equity method of accounting. Under this method, the investor (“JHJ”) recognizes its share of the profits and losses of the investee (“Shuya”) in the periods when these profits and losses are also reflected in the accounts of the investee. Any profit or loss recognized by the investing entity appears in its income statement. Also, any recognized profit increases the investment recorded by the investing entity, while a recognized loss decreases the investment.
JHJ made a investment of RMB 3.91 million ($0.55 million) into Shuya during the 12 months ended December 31, 2022 recorded in accordance with ASC 323. Shuya had a net loss of approximately $10,750 during the year ending December 31, 2022, of which approximately $5,000 was allocated to the company, reducing the investment by that amount.
However, effective January 1, 2023, JHJ, SSET and Chengdu Xiangyueheng Enterprise Management Co., Ltd (“Xiangyueheng), who is the 10% shareholder of Shuya, entered a Three-Parties Consistent Action Agreement, wherein these three shareholders (or three parties) will guarantee that the voting rights will be expressed in the same way at the shareholders’ meeting of Shuya to consolidate the controlling position of the three parties in Shuya. The three parties agree that within the validity period of this agreement, before the party intends to propose the motions to the shareholders or the board of directors on the major matters related to the voting rights of the shareholders or the board of directors, the three parties internally will discuss, negotiate and coordinate the motion topics for consistency; in the event of disagreement, the opinions of JHJ shall prevail.
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As a result of Consistent Action Agreement, the Company re-analyzed and determined that Shuya is the variable interest entity (“VIE”) of JHJ because 1) the equity investors at risk, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, and 2) Shuya is structured with disproportionate voting rights, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights. Under ASC 810, a reporting entity has a controlling financial interest in a VIE, and must consolidate that VIE, if the reporting entity has both of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance; and (b) the obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company concluded JHJ is deemed the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Shuya effective on January 1, 2023.
The change of control interest was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, referred to as ASC, 805, Business Combinations. The management determined that the Company was the acquiror for financial accounting purposes. In identifying the Company as the accounting acquiror, the companies considered the structure of the transaction and other actions contemplated by the Three-Parties Consistent Action Agreement, relative outstanding share ownership and market values, the composition of the combined company’s board of directors, the relative size of Shuya, and the designation of certain senior management positions of the combined company.
In accordance with ASC 805, the Company recorded the acquisition based on the fair value of the consideration transferred and then allocated the purchase price to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values as of the Acquisition Date. The excess of the value of consideration transferred over the aggregate fair value of those net assets was recorded as goodwill. Any identified definite lived intangible assets will be amortized over their estimated useful lives and any identified intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and goodwill will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment at least annually. All intangible assets and goodwill will be tested for impairment when certain indicators are present. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenues and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. The valuation of purchase considerations was based on preliminary estimates that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances.
As the Consistent Action Agreement did not quantify any considerations to gain the control, the deemed consideration paid is the fair value of 51% non-controlling interest as of January 1, 2023. The following table summarizes the fair value of the consideration paid and the fair value of assets acquired, and liabilities assumed on January 1, 2023, the acquisition date.
| Fair value of non-controlling interests | $ | 650,951 | ||
| Fair value of previously held equity investment | 556,096 | |||
| Subtotal | $ | 1,207,047 | ||
| Recognized value of 100% of identifiable net assets | (1,207,047 | ) | ||
| Goodwill Recognized | $ | - | ||
| Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed (preliminary): | ||||
| Inventories | $ | 516,131 | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 50,346 | |||
| Trade and other receivables | 952,384 | |||
| Advanced deposit | 672,597 | |||
| Net fixed assets | 6,704 | |||
| Trade and other payables | (1,021,897 | ) | ||
| Advanced payments | (5,317 | ) | ||
| Salaries and wages payables | (4,692 | ) | ||
| Other receivable | 40,791 | |||
| Total identifiable net assets | $ | 1,207,047 |
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Under ASC-805-10-50-2, initial consolidation of an investee previously reported using fair value or the equity method should be accounted for prospectively as of the date the entity obtained a controlling financial interest. Therefore, the Company should provide pro forma information as if the consolidation had occurred as of the beginning of each of the current and prior comparative reporting period per
On January 1, 2024, and effective on the same date, JHJ, SSET and Xiangyueheng entered into the Agreement on the Termination of the Concerted Action Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”), pursuant to which the parties released each other from any and all obligations under the CAA. Due to the Termination Agreement, the Company now holds less than 50% of the voting rights in Shuya. The Company analyzed whether Shuya should be consolidated under ASC 810 and determined Shuya is no longer required to be consolidated on January 1, 2024 after the execution of the Termination Agreement. Accordingly, the Company will not consolidate Shuya into its consolidated financial statements on or after January 1, 2024.
Series E Valuation
Additionally, the inputs for the valuation of the Series E preferred shares were also based on estimates and comparable data selected by the Company and fair value measurements, furthermore, the purchase price allocation was based on estimates of fair market values.
Future Financing
We will continue to rely on equity sales of our common shares to continue to fund our business operations. Issuances of additional shares will result in dilution to existing stockholders. There is no assurance that we will achieve any additional sales of the equity securities or arrange for debt or other financing to fund planned acquisitions and exploration activities.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangement
We have no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to stockholders.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies that are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations upon adoption.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplemental Data.
CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2024
FINANCIAL STATEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Clean Energy Technologies, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 (as restated) and 2023 (as restated), and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 (as restated) and 2023 (as restated), and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements, as restated, have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, as restated, the Company has an accumulated deficit and negative cash flows from operations. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements as restated do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Restatement of the 2024 and 2023 financial statements
As discussed in Note 19 to the financial statements, the Company has restated its previously issued financial statement as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 to correct misstatements. The accompanying financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 reflect the correction of those misstatements. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
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Revenue Recognition for Performance Obligations Satisfied Over Time
Description of the Critical Audit Matter: As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, recognizing revenue from Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) agreement(s) is based on reasonable measures of progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit: The related audit effort in evaluating management’s judgments in determining revenue recognition for these agreements was extensive and required a high degree of auditor judgment.
Our audit procedures related to evaluating the Company’s accounting for revenue recognized from these revenue agreements, among others:
| ● | We reviewed the contract terms and evaluated that the agreement has commercial substance, given the related party nature of the transaction, and that all of the considerations have a reasonable probability to be substantially collected based on supporting evidence. |
| ● | We reviewed and verified the performance obligation(s) in the contract to be a series of distinct goods and services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. |
| ● | We confirmed the transaction price with the related party and evaluated the reasonableness of the gross profit margin and budgeted costs allocated to the completion of the performance obligation. |
| ● | We evaluated whether billing methods were aligned with the satisfaction of performance obligations guidance under revenue recognition accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. |
| ● | We verified whether costs under the input method directly contributed to the completion of the performance obligation based on audit evidence. |
| ● | We tested the accuracy and completeness of management’s calculations based on supporting data and audit evidence. |
Deconsolidation of Shuya and Change to Equity Method to Consolidation in 2024
Description of the Critical Audit Matter: As described in Note 15, effective January 1, 2024, the Company determined that Shuya is no longer a variable interest entity of JHJ as a result of the removal of Consistent Action Agreements so we begin to deconsolidate Shuya on January 1, 2024 and change from consolidation in 2023 to equity method in 2024.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit: We identified the Company’s enterprise value and consideration paid as a critical audit matter because of the significant estimates and assumptions management used in the estimate of the acquisition date fair value, including forecasts of future revenues and expenses and the selection of the discount rates. Auditing management’s forecasts of future revenues and expenses as well as the selection of the discount rates involved a high degree of auditor judgment and increased audit effort, including the use of our valuation specialists, as changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on the value of the purchase consideration.
Our audit procedures consisted of the following, among others:
| ● | We read the termination of the Consistent Action Agreements to understand and evaluate the terms of the transaction to determine that the Company no longer has control and change from consolidation in 2023 to equity method in 2024. |
| ● | We obtained the Company’s third-party expert valuation report to gain an understanding of the processes and key assumptions for estimating the fair value of the equity investment based on the business enterprise value and fair value of non-controlling interest on January 1, 2024 to calculate the gain and loss from the deconsolidation. |
| ● | We utilized our internal valuation specialists to evaluate the adequacy and appropriateness of the methodologies and assumptions, including the weighted-average cost of capital, the discount rate, the discounted cash flows method used by the Company’s third-party valuation expert in developing the estimated fair value of the equity investment as of January 1, 2024, fair value of non-controlling interest, and to calculate the gain and loss from the deconsolidation. |
| 50 |
| ● | We assessed the reasonableness of management’s cash flow forecasts based on historical results, revenue growth assumptions and expected inflation. |
| ● | We performed independent calculations to test the reasonableness and mathematical accuracy of the fair values concluded by the Company. |
| ● | We evaluated the qualifications of the Company’s third-party valuation expert based on credentials, reputation and experience. |
| ● | We assessed the appropriateness of the disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. |
Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Assets
Description of the Critical Audit Matter: As described in Note 2 and further in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements, indefinite-lived assets are reviewed for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. For the Company’s intangible assets, the Company performed a quantitative assessment which involved determining the fair value of the asset and comparing that amount to the asset’s carrying value. At December 31, 2024, the total carrying value of the Company definite and indefinite-lived intangible asset was approximately $ 1.8 million.
How the Critical Audit Matter was Addressed in the Audit: We determined the assessment of the fair values of the Goodwill and LWL Intangibles as a critical audit matter due to complex and highly judgmental due to the significant estimation required in determining the fair value of the asset. The fair value estimate was sensitive to significant assumptions such as forecasted revenues, margin and an overall discount rate, each of which is affected by expectations about future market or economic conditions. As a result of the subjectivity of the assumptions, adverse changes to management’s estimates could reduce the underlying cash flows used to estimate fair value and trigger impairment charges.
Our audit procedures consisted of the following, among others:
| ● | We specifically tested the estimated fair value of the Company’s China intangible asset (LWL Intangibles), we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing the fair value methodology used by management and evaluating the significant assumptions used in the valuation model including forecasted cash flow, profit and loss, growth rate, and margin. |
| ● | We compared significant assumptions to current industry, market and economic trends, and to the Company’s historical results. |
| ● | We assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates and performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in the fair value of the China intangible asset that would result from changes in assumptions. |
| ● | We also involved an internal valuation specialist to assist in our evaluation of the Company’s consultant report and legal due diligence report. |
| /s/
| |
| We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023. | |
| April 14, 2025, except for Note 18, as to which the date is June 6, 2025; and Note 2 and Note 19 as to which the date is June 04, 2026 | |
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Clean Energy Technologies, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2024 (Restated) | December 31, 2023 (Restated) | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable - net | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable – related party | ||||||||
| Advance to Supplier | ||||||||
| Deferred Offering Costs | ||||||||
| Due from related party | ||||||||
| Loan Receivables | ||||||||
| Inventory | ||||||||
| Total Current Assets | ||||||||
| Property and Equipment - Net | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| LWL Intangibles | ||||||||
| Investment Heze Hongyuan Natural Gas co. | ||||||||
| Long Term Investment - Shuya | ||||||||
| Investment to Guangyuan Shuxin New Energy Co. | ||||||||
| Long-term financing receivables - net | ||||||||
| Contract assets | ||||||||
| Advance to Supplier - Prepayment | ||||||||
| License | ||||||||
| Patents | ||||||||
| Right of use asset - long term | ||||||||
| Other Assets | ||||||||
| Total Non Current assets | ||||||||
| Assets from discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts payable – related party | ||||||||
| Accrued Expenses | ||||||||
| Customer Deposits | ||||||||
| Warranty Liability | ||||||||
| Warrant Liability | ||||||||
| Deferred Revenue | ||||||||
| Derivative Liability | ||||||||
| Facility Lease Liability - current | ||||||||
| Line of Credit | ||||||||
| Convertible Notes Payable (net of discount of $ | ||||||||
| Notes payables | ||||||||
| Related Party Notes Payable | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Long-Term Debt: | ||||||||
| Facility Lease Liability - long term | ||||||||
| Accrued Dividend | ||||||||
| Total Long-Term Debt | ||||||||
| Liabilities from discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Common stock, $par value; shares authorized; and shares issued and outstanding as of
December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively (retroactively adjusted to reflect the | ||||||||
| 15% Series E Convertible preferred stock, $ par value; shares authorized; and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively | 756 | 2,199 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated Other Comprehensible Income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity attributable to Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | ||||||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these financial statements
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Clean Energy Technologies, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
for the years ended December 31,
| 2024 Restated | 2023 Restated | |||||||
| Sales | $ | $ | ||||||
| Sales -related party | ||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||
| Cost of Goods Sold | ||||||||
| Gross Profit | ||||||||
| General and Administrative | ||||||||
| General and Administrative expense | ||||||||
| Salaries | ||||||||
| Travel | ||||||||
| Professional Fees | ||||||||
| Facility lease and Maintenance | ||||||||
| Consulting | ||||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization | ||||||||
| Total Expenses | ||||||||
| Net Loss from Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other Income | ||||||||
| Change in derivative liability | ||||||||
| Change in FV of warrant liability | ||||||||
| Investment loss from Shuya | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on debt settlement and write down | ( | ) | ||||||
| Interest Income | ||||||||
| Interest and Financing fees | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income Tax Expense | - | - | ||||||
| Net loss before non-controlling interest from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net income before non-controlling interest from discontinued operation | ||||||||
| Net loss before non-controlling interest from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income Tax Expense | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulative other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Foreign Currency Translation Loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Comprehensible Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Per Share Information: | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding | ||||||||
| Net Loss per common share basic and diluted | ) | ) | ||||||
| Reflected the |
The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these financial statements
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Clean Energy Technologies, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity
December 31, 2024 (Restated) and 2023 (Restated)
| Common Stock .001 Par | Preferred Stock Shares | Common Stock to be issued | Additional Paid in | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Accumulated Deficit | Non - Controlling | Stock holders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Amount | Capital | Loss | (Restated) | Interest | Totals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 (reported)* | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Correction of errors Beginning Balance | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 (restated) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants issued in conjunction for debt | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants issued for services | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for S-1 Registration | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Offering cost | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for rounding |
| - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares for Pacific Pier and Firstfire conversion | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for Debt Conversion | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of NCI from acquisition of Shuya | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for warrant conversion | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of derivative liabilities due to note repayment | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares based compensation | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for Series E preferred | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series E preferred dividend | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2023 (restated) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for stock compensation | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for debt inducement | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for subscription | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for series E preferred conversion | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value of the warrants issued for Mast Hill | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated Comprehensive | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deconsolidation of Shuya | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued Series E preferred dividend | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 (restated) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these financial statements
| 54 |
Clean Energy Technologies, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for the years ended December 31,
| 2024 Restated | 2023 Restated | |||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||
| Net loss including non-controlling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Income from discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | ||||||||
| Noncash investment income from Shuya | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on deconsolidation of Shuya | ||||||||
| Loss (gain) on debt settlement | ||||||||
| Bad debt expense | ||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount | ||||||||
| Deferred offering expense | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in derivative liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in FV of warrant liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| (Increase) decrease in right of use asset | ( | ) | ||||||
| (Increase) decrease in lease liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| (Increase) decrease in accounts receivable | ||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in accounts receivable – related party | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| (Increase) decrease in prepayments | ( | ) | ||||||
| (Increase) decrease in contract asset | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| (Increase) decrease in other assets | ||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in inventory | ( | ) | ||||||
| (Decrease) increase in accounts payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| (Decrease) increase in accrued interest | ||||||||
| Other (Decrease) increase in accrued expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other (Decrease) increase in other payables - related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other (Decrease) increase in customer deposits | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Cash Used In Operating Activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ||||||||
| Investment to Guangyuan Shuxin New Energy Co. | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchase of intangible assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchase of fixed assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loan receivables | ||||||||
| Net cash used in continuing operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ||||||||
| Proceeds from notes payable and lines of credit | ||||||||
| Proceeds from warrants exercised | ||||||||
| Due from related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loan to Rongjun | ||||||||
| Payments on notes payable and line of credit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Stock issued for cash | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by continuing operations | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Cash Flows Provided By Financing Activities | ||||||||
| Foreign Currency Transaction | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period | ||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period | ||||||||
| Analysis of balances of cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||
| Cash and Cash equivalents | ||||||||
| Cash and equivalents included in discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Supplemental Cashflow Information: | ||||||||
| Interest Paid | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental Non-Cash Disclosure | ||||||||
| Discount on new notes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Shares issued for warrants | $ | $ | ||||||
| Shares issued for preferred conversions | $ | $ | ||||||
| Shares issued for debt conversions | $ | $ | ||||||
| Warrants issued in conjunction for convertible notes payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Dividend accrued | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these financial statements
| 55 |
Clean Energy Technologies, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 –GENERAL
Corporate History
We were incorporated in California in July 1995 under the name Probe Manufacturing Industries, Inc. We redomiciled to Nevada in April 2005 under the name Probe Manufacturing, Inc. We manufactured electronics and provided services to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of industrial, automotive, semiconductor, medical, communication, military, and high technology products. On September 11, 2015, Clean Energy HRS, or “CE HRS”, our wholly owned subsidiary acquired the assets of Heat Recovery Solutions from General Electric International. In November 2015, we changed our name to Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Markets under the symbol “CETY.”
Our internet website address is www.cetyinc.com. The information contained on our websites are not incorporated by reference into this document, and you should not consider any information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this document.
The Company has four reportable segments: Clean Energy HRS (HRS) and CETY Europe, CETY Renewables waste to energy business unit, the Engineering and Manufacturing services division and CETY Hong Kong.
Going Concern
The financial statements have been prepared assuming
the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal
course of business. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had stockholders’ equity of $
During 2024 and continuing into 2025, the Company’s financial condition and operating results were adversely impacted by several factors, including continued financing and interest-related costs, delays associated with financing and registration effectiveness, lower-margin revenue contributions from certain operations, ongoing investments in strategic waste-to-energy initiatives, and accounting adjustments and restatement-related impacts associated with prior period activities and financial reporting reviews.
Management has been implemented and continues to pursue multiple initiatives intended to improve liquidity and operating performance. These initiatives include restructuring certain existing obligations, pursuing additional equity and strategic financing opportunities, reducing operating costs where appropriate, focusing on higher-margin waste-to-energy and heat recovery opportunities, advancing strategic commercial projects, and pursuing operational efficiencies across the organization. Management is also actively evaluating strategic partnerships, project-level financing opportunities, and other capital formation initiatives intended to support the Company’s long-term business objectives.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the Company
reported a net loss of $
Accordingly, the accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Plan of Operation
Our mission is to be a leader in the zero-emission revolution by providing eco-friendly energy solutions, clean energy fuels, and alternative electric power for small to mid-sized projects across North America, Europe, and Asia. The company harnesses the power of heat and biomass to produce electricity with zero emissions and minimal cost. Additionally, the company offers Waste to Energy Solutions, converting waste materials from manufacturing, agriculture, and wastewater treatment plants into electricity and biochar. Clean Energy Technologies also provides engineering, consulting, and project management solutions, leveraging its expertise to develop clean energy projects for both municipal and industrial customers, as well as Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) companies.
Our principal businesses
Heat Recovery Solutions – Clean Energy Technologies patented frictionless, lubricant and maintenance free magnetic bearing turbine Clean Cycle Generator (CCG) is a heat recovery system that captures waste heat from various sources and converts it into electricity. This system can be integrated into various industrial processes, helping to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions.
Waste to Energy Solutions – Clean Energy Technologies’ waste to energy solutions involve decomposing organic waste materials, such as agricultural waste and food waste at high temperatures into clean energy through its proprietary gasification technology that produce a range of products, including electricity, heat, and biochar.
Engineering, Consulting and Project Management Solutions – Clean Energy Technologies offers engineering and manufacturing services to help clients bring their sustainable energy products to market. This includes design, prototyping, testing, and production services. Clean Energy Technologies’ expertise in engineering and manufacturing enables it to provide customized solutions to meet clients’ specific needs.
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CETY HK
Clean
Energy Technologies (H.K.) Limited (“CETY HK”) consists of two business ventures in mainland China:(i) our natural gas (“NG”)
trading operations sourcing and suppling NG to industries and municipalities. NG is principally used for heavy truck refueling stations
and urban or industrial users. We purchase large quantities of NG from large wholesale NG depots at fixed prices which are prepaid for
in advance at a discount to market. We sell the NG to our customers at prevailing daily spot prices for the duration of the contracts;
and (ii) our planned joint venture with a large state-owned gas enterprise in China called Shenzhen Gas (Hong Kong) International Co.
Ltd. (“Shenzhen Gas”),, acquiring natural gas pipeline operator facilities, primarily located in the southwestern part of
Sichuan Province and portions of Yunnan Province. Our planned joint venture with Shenzhen Gas plans to acquire, with financing from Shenzhen
Gas, natural gas pipeline operator facilities with the goal of aggregating and selling the facilities to Shenzhen Gas in the future.
According to our Framework Agreement with Shenzhen Gas, we will be required to contribute $
NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
A summary of significant accounting policies of Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (formerly Probe Manufacturing, Inc.) is presented to assist in the understanding of the Company’s financial statements. The financial statements and notes are representations of the Company’s management, who is responsible for their integrity and objectivity.
The consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates may be materially different from actual financial results. Significant estimates include the recoverability of long-lived assets, the collection of accounts receivable and valuation of inventory and reserves.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We
maintain most of our cash accounts at a commercial bank. The total cash balance is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(“FDIC”) up to $
Credit losses
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The adoption of the credit loss accounting standard has no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of January 1, 2023.
The Company’s account receivables, prepayments, other receivables and other current assets in the balance sheet are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. As the Company has limited customers and debtors, the Company uses the loss-rate method to evaluates the expected credit losses on an individual basis. When establishing the loss rate, the Company makes the assessment on various factors, including historical experience, creditworthiness of customers and debtors, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect its ability to collect from the customers and debtors. The Company also provides specific provisions for allowance when facts and circumstances indicate that the receivable is unlikely to be collected.
Expected credit losses are recorded as allowance for credit losses on the consolidated statements of operations. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. In the event the Company recovers amount that is previously reserved for, the Company will reduce the specific allowance for credit losses.
Accounts Receivable
Our
ability to collect receivables is affected by economic fluctuations in the geographic areas and industries served by us. Reserves
for uncollectable amounts are provided, based on past experience and a specific analysis of the accounts. Although we expect to
collect amounts due, actual collections may differ from the estimated amounts. As of December 31, 2024 (Restated), and December 31,
2023 (Restated), we had a reserve for potentially un-collectable accounts receivable of and
. Our policy for reserves for our
long-term financing receivables is determined on a contract-by-contract basis and considers the length of the financing arrangement.
As of December 31, 2024 (Restated), and December 31, 2023 (Restated), we had a reserve for potentially un-collectable long-term financing
receivables of $
Seven
(7) customers accounted for approximately
| 57 |
Inventory
Inventories
are valued at the lower of weighted average cost or market value. Our industry experiences changes in technology, changes in market
value and availability of raw materials, as well as changing customer demand. We make provisions for estimated excess and obsolete
inventories based on regular audits and cycle counts of our on-hand inventory levels and forecasted customer demands and at times
additional provisions are made. Any inventory write offs are charged to the reserve account. As of December 31, 2024 we had a
reserve of $
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Assets held under capital leases are recorded at lease inception at the lower of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair market value of the related assets. The cost of ordinary maintenance and repairs is charged to operations. Depreciation and amortization are computed on the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives of the related assets:
Furniture
and fixtures
Equipment
Long – Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite lives, and operating lease right-of-use assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable.
The
Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying
amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, “Impairment
or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which
identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against
the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable,
an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group asset group exceeds its fair value based
on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. There was
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue under ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” (“ASC 606”).
Performance Obligations Satisfied Over Time
FASB ASC 606-10-25-27 through 25-29, 25-36 through 25-37, 55-5 through 55-10
An entity transfers control of a good or service over time and satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time if one of the following criteria is met:
a. The customer receives and consumes the benefits provided by the entity’s performance as the entity performs (as described in FASB ASC 606-10-55-5 through 55-6).
b. The entity’s performance creates or enhances an asset (for example, work in process) that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced (as described in FASB ASC 606-10-55-7).
c. The entity’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the entity (see FASB ASC 606-10-25-28), and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date (as described in FASB ASC 606-10-25-29).
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Performance Obligations Satisfied at a Point in Time
FASB ASC 606-10-25-30
If a performance obligation is not satisfied over time, the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time. To determine the point in time at which a customer obtains control of a promised asset and the entity satisfies a performance obligation, the entity should consider the guidance on control in FASB ASC 606-10-25-23 through 25-26. In addition, it should consider indicators of the transfer of control, which include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. The entity has a present right to payment for the asset
b. The customer has legal title to the asset
c. The entity has transferred physical possession of the asset
d. The customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset
e. The customer has accepted the asset
The core principle of the revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods and services transferred to the customer. In addition, a) the company also does not have an alternative use for the asset if the customer were to cancel the contract, and b) has a fully enforceable right to receive payment for work performed (i.e., customers are required to pay as various milestones and/or timeframes are met)
The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle for our HRS and CETY Europe Divisions:
| ● | Identify the contract with the customer | |
| ● | Identify the performance obligations in the contract | |
| ● | Determine the transaction price | |
| ● | Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract | |
| ● | Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation |
The following steps are applied to our legacy engineering and manufacturing division:
| ● | We generate a quotation | |
| ● | We receive Purchase orders from our customers. | |
| ● | We build the product to their specification | |
| ● | We invoice at the time of shipment | |
| ● | The terms are typically Net 30 days |
The following step is applied to our CETY HK business unit:
| ● | CETY HK is primarily responsible for fulfilling the contract / promise to provide the specified good or service. |
A principal obtains control over any one of the following (ASC 606-10-55-37A):
| a. | A good or another asset from the other party which the entity then transfers to the customer. Note that momentary control before transfer to the customer may not qualify. | |
| b. | A right to a service to be performed by the other party, which gives the entity the ability to direct that party to provide the service to the customer on the entity’s behalf. | |
| c. | A good or service from the other party that it then combines with other goods or services in providing the specified good or service to the customer. |
If the entity obtains control over one of the above before the good or service is transferred to a customer, the entity could be considered a principal.
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Additionally, the above five steps are applied to achieve core principle for our CETY Renewables Division:
Because the CETY Renewables division is presently engaged in the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) of biomass power facilities, CETY Renewables has developed a process of executing EPC Agreements with customers for this work. In contracting these engagements, CETY Renewables recognizes revenue according to accounting standards in accordance with ASC 606.
In recognizing this revenue, CETY Renewables first identifies the relevant contract with its customer according to 606-10-25-1.
| ● | The entities, together known as the Parties, approved the contract in writing, through signatures and commitment to the performance of permitting, design, procurement, construction, and commissioning. |
| ● | CETY’s work product includes permits, engineering designs, equipment, and full balance of plant specific to permitting, design, procurement, construction, and commissioning. |
| ● | CETY and customer agree to a total EPC Contract price. |
| ● | The contract has commercial substance. The risk associated with this EPC Agreement is that payment of the EPC contract price. |
| ● | Per the EPC Agreement, CETY expects to collect substantially all of the consideration for its goods and services. |
Secondly, CETY identifies the performance obligations of the Parties in performance of the EPC Agreement in accordance with 606-10-25-14. At contract inception, CETY assesses the goods and services necessary to deliver the facility in accordance with its agreement with clients. The agreement specifically laid out all deliverables necessary to achieve the permitting, design, procurement, construction, and commissioning.
CETY also looks at 606-10-25-14(A). A bundle of goods or services is also present, in that CETY is delivering all work products associated with permitting, design, procurement, construction and commissioning of a commercially operable biomass power plant. A biomass power plant is a distinct bundle of goods or services, so the individual goods or services on their own do not lend themselves to a fully integrated or functional system.
CETY in accordance with 606-10-32-1, CETY reviews measurement of the performance obligations. There is no exclusion of any amount of the Contract Price due to constraints associated with 606-10-31-11 through 606-10-32-13.
In review of 606-10-32-2A, CETY did not exclude measurement from the measurement of the transaction price any taxes assessed by a government authority as no such taxes will be due.
In reviewing 606-10-32-3, CETY evaluated the nature, timing, and amount of consideration promised, and whether it impacts the estimate of the transaction price.
Finally, in identifying a single method of measuring progress for each performance obligation satisfied over time, in accordance with 606-10-25-32, CETY applies the methodology of 606-10-25-36. CETY adopted and implemented the input method for revenue recognition in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-33. The company adopts the input method for implementation. CETY recognizes revenue for performance obligations on the basis of the entity’s efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of a performance obligation per 606-10-55-20.
For CETY, the contracts with clients for the construction of biomass power plants are the basis for revenue recognition. In each separate EPC Agreement, the performance obligations include permitting, design, procurement, construction, and commissioning of the plant. All of these work products satisfy Section 606-10-25-27(b) as these work products create or enhance an asset under customer’s control. Upon delivery of the work product, the customer takes control of the work products and has full right and ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the assets. We recognize revenue over time, using timeline and milestone methods to measure progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation.
During the complexity and duration of the biomass power plant construction projects, CETY will recognize revenue over time, consistent with the criteria for over-time recognition under ASC 606. This approach reflects the continuous transfer of documents, permits, and the equipment over to the customer, which is characteristic of long-term construction contracts.
We have a list of appropriate measures of progress: This is based on milestones achieved, among other measures.
Given the long-term nature of the projects, CETY regularly reviews and, if necessary, updates its estimates of progress towards completion, transaction price, and the allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations.
Also,
from time to time our contracts state that the customer is not obligated to pay a final payment until the units are commissioned, i.e.
a final payment of
Also
from time to time we require upfront deposits from our customers based on the contract. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had outstanding
customer deposits of $
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Fair Value of Financial instruments
The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC (Accounting Standards Codification) 820-10 (SFAS No. 157), “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” for financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820-10 provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. FASB ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC 820-10 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available. The following summarizes the three levels of inputs required by the standard that the Company uses to measure fair value:
| ● | Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. | |
| ● | Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities. | |
| ● | Level 3: Unobservable inputs
that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The Company’s
derivative liabilities have been valued as Level 3 instruments. We value the derivative liability using a lattice model, with a volatility
of |
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, prepaid expenses, inventory, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and convertible notes payable. The estimated fair value of cash, prepaid expenses, investments, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible notes payable approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
We have no material components of other comprehensive income (loss) and accordingly, net loss is equal to comprehensive loss in all periods. The accounts of the Company’s Chinese entities are maintained in RMB. The accounts of the Chinese entities were translated into USD in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 830 “Foreign Currency Matters.” All assets and liabilities were translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date; stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and the statements of operations and cash flows are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income.” Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are reflected in the statements of operations.
The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 220-10, “Comprehensive Income (loss).” Comprehensive income (loss) comprises net income (loss) and all changes to the statements of changes in stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in additional paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders.
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Change from fair value or equity method to consolidation.
In
July 2022, JHJ, a wholly owned subsidiary of CETY HK and other three shareholders agreed to form and make total capital contribution
of RMB million ($ million) with latest contribution due date in February 2066 into Sichuan Hongzuo Shuya Energy Limited (“Shuya”),
JHK owns
Shuya was set up as the operating entity for pipeline natural gas (PNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) trading business, while the other two shareholders of Shuya have large supply relationships.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company has determined that Shuya is not a VIE and has evaluated its consolidation analysis under the voting interest model. Because the Company does not own greater than 50% of the outstanding voting shares, either directly or indirectly, it has accounted for its investment in Shuya under the equity method of accounting. Under this method, the investor (“JHJ”) recognizes its share of the profits and losses of the investee (“Shuya”) in the periods when these profits and losses are also reflected in the accounts of the investee. Any profit or loss recognized by the investing entity appears in its income statement. Also, any recognized profit increases the investment recorded by the investing entity, while a recognized loss decreases the investment.
JHJ
made an investment of RMB
However,
effective January 1, 2023, JHJ, SSET and Chengdu Xiangyueheng Enterprise Management Co., Ltd (“Xiangyueheng), who is the
As a result of Consistent Action Agreement, the Company re-analyzed and determined that Shuya is the variable interest entity (“VIE”) of JHJ because 1) the equity investors at risk, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, and 2) Shuya is structured with disproportionate voting rights, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights. Under ASC 810, a reporting entity has a controlling financial interest in a VIE, and must consolidate that VIE, if the reporting entity has both of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance; and (b) the obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company concluded JHJ is deemed the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Shuya effective on January 1, 2023.
The change of control interest was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, referred to as ASC, 805, Business Combinations. The management determined that the Company was the acquiror for financial accounting purposes. In identifying the Company as the accounting acquiror, the companies considered the structure of the transaction and other actions contemplated by the Three-Parties Consistent Action Agreement, relative outstanding share ownership and market values, the composition of the combined company’s board of directors, the relative size of Shuya, and the designation of certain senior management positions of the combined company.
In accordance with ASC 805, the Company recorded the acquisition based on the fair value of the consideration transferred and then allocated the purchase price to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values as of the Acquisition Date. The excess of the value of consideration transferred over the aggregate fair value of those net assets was recorded as goodwill. Any identified definite lived intangible assets will be amortized over their estimated useful lives and any identified intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and goodwill will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment at least annually. All intangible assets and goodwill will be tested for impairment when certain indicators are present. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenues and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. The valuation of purchase considerations was based on preliminary estimates that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances.
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As
the Consistent Action Agreement did not quantify any considerations to gain the control, the deemed consideration paid is the fair value
of
| Fair value of non-controlling interests | $ | |||
| Fair value of previously held equity investment | ||||
| Subtotal | $ | |||
| Recognized value of 100% of identifiable net assets | ( | ) | ||
| Goodwill Recognized | $ | |||
| Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed (preliminary): | ||||
| Inventories | $ | |||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||
| Trade and other receivables | ||||
| Advanced deposit | ||||
| Net fixed assets | ||||
| Trade and other payables | ( | ) | ||
| Advanced payments | ( | ) | ||
| Salaries and wages payables | ( | ) | ||
| Other receivable | ||||
| Total identifiable net assets | $ |
Under ASC-805-10-50-2, initial consolidation of an investee previously reported using fair value or the equity method should be accounted for prospectively as of the date the entity obtained a controlling financial interest. Therefore, the Company should provide pro forma information as if the consolidation had occurred as of the beginning of each of the current and prior comparative reporting period per
Under ASC-805-10-50-2, initial consolidation of an investee previously reported using fair value or the equity method should be accounted for prospectively as of the date the entity obtained a controlling financial interest. Therefore, the Company should provide pro forma information as if the consolidation had occurred as of the beginning of each of the current and prior comparative reporting period per
On
January 1, 2024, and effective on the same date, JHJ, SSET and Xiangyueheng entered into the Agreement on the Termination of the Concerted
Action Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”), pursuant to which the parties released each other from any and all obligations
under the CAA. Due to the Termination Agreement, the Company now holds less than
The Company computes basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share in accordance with ASC 260-10-45, Earnings Per Share, as amended by ASU 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity.
Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period.
Diluted earnings (loss) per share includes the impact of potentially dilutive securities and is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding plus the weighted-average number of common stock equivalents and other potentially dilutive securities during the period.
At December 31, 2024, we had outstanding common shares of used in the calculation of basic earnings per share. Basic weighted average common shares for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were and , respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had convertible notes, convertible into approximately (pre-reverse of additional common shares, and common stock warrants, and preferred shares. Fully diluted weighted average common shares outstanding were the same as basic weighted average common shares for the year ended December 31, 2024, as potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation because they were anti-dilutive.
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Research and Development
We
had
Segment Disclosure
FASB
Codification Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting financial and descriptive information about an
enterprise’s reportable segments. The Company has
An operating segment’s performance is evaluated based on its pre-tax operating contribution, or segment income. Segment income is defined as net sales less cost of sales, and segment selling, general and administrative expenses, and does not include amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation, other charges (income), net and interest and other, net.
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 (Restated) | 2023 (Restated) | |||||||
| Net Sales | ||||||||
| Manufacturing and Engineering | $ | $ | ||||||
| Heat Recovery Solutions | ||||||||
| NG Trading | ||||||||
| Waste to Energy | ||||||||
| Discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Total Sales | $ | $ | ||||||
| Segment income and reconciliation before tax | ||||||||
| Manufacturing and Engineering | ( | ) | ||||||
| Heat Recovery Solutions | ||||||||
| LNG Trading | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Waste to Energy | ||||||||
| Discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Total Segment income | ||||||||
| Less: operating expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: operating expense from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Less: other income and expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Less: other income and expenses from discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Net (loss) before income tax | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| December 31, 2024 (Restated) | December 31, 2023 (Restated) | |||||||
| Total Assets | ||||||||
| Manufacturing and Engineering | $ | $ | ||||||
| Heat Recovery Solutions | ||||||||
| Waste to Energy | ||||||||
| LNG Trading | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
The following table represents revenue by geographic area based on the sales location of our products and solutions:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| United States | ||||||||
| China include discontinued operation: $ | ||||||||
| Other international | ||||||||
| Total Sales | ||||||||
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Share-Based Compensation
The Company has adopted the use of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS No. 123R) (now contained in FASB Codification Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation), which supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and its related implementation guidance and eliminates the alternative to use Opinion 25’s intrinsic value method of accounting that was provided in Statement 123 as originally issued. This Statement requires an entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of an equity instruments, which includes grants of stock options and stock warrants, based on the fair value of the award, measured at the grant date (with limited exceptions). Under this standard, the fair value of each award is estimated on the grant date, using an option-pricing model that meets certain requirements. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of our equity awards, including stock options and warrants. The Black-Scholes model meets the requirements of SFAS No. 123R; however, the fair values generated may not reflect their actual fair values, as it does not consider certain factors, such as vesting requirements, employee attrition and transferability limitations. The Black-Scholes model valuation is affected by our stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. We estimate the expected volatility and estimated life of our stock options at grant date based on historical volatility. For the “risk-free interest rate,” we use the Constant Maturity Treasury rate on 90-day government securities. The term is equal to the time until the option expires. The dividend yield is not applicable, as the Company has not paid any dividends, nor do we anticipate paying them in the foreseeable future. The fair value of our restricted stock is based on the market value of our free trading common stock, on the grant date calculated using a 20-trading-day average. At the time of grant, the share-based compensation expense is recognized in our financial statements based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest using historical employee attrition rates and the expense is reduced accordingly. It is also adjusted to account for the restricted and thinly traded nature of the shares. The expense is reviewed and adjusted in subsequent periods if actual attrition differs from those estimates.
We re-evaluate the assumptions used to value our share-based awards on a quarterly basis and, if changes warrant different assumptions, the share-based compensation expense could vary significantly from the amount expensed in the past. We may be required to adjust any remaining share-based compensation expense, based on any additions, cancellations or adjustments to the share-based awards. The expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award—the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). No compensation cost is recognized for equity instruments for which employees do not render the requisite service. As of December 31, 2024, we had no further non-vested expense to be recognized.
Leases
The Company adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases, or ASC 842, using the modified retrospective transition method with a cumulative effect adjustment to be accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2019, and accordingly, modified its policy on accounting for leases as stated below. As described under “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements,” below, the primary impact of adopting ASC 842 for the Company was the recognition in the consolidated balance sheet of certain lease-related assets and liabilities for operating leases with terms longer than 12 months.
The Company’s leases primarily consist of facility leases which are classified as operating leases. The Company assesses whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. The Company recognizes a lease liability to make contractual payments under all leases with terms greater than twelve months and a corresponding right-of-use asset, representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term using the collateralized incremental borrowing rate since the implicit rate is unknown. Options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such an option. The right-of-use asset is initially measured as the contractual lease liability plus any initial direct costs and prepaid lease payments made, less any lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Leased right-of-use assets are subject to impairment testing as a long-lived asset at the asset-group level. The Company monitors its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment. As the Company’s leased right-of-use assets primarily relate to facility leases, early abandonment of all or part of facility as part of a restructuring plan is typically an indicator of impairment. If impairment indicators are present, the Company tests whether the carrying amount of the leased right-of-use asset is recoverable including consideration of sublease income, and if not recoverable, measures impairment loss for the right-of-use asset or asset group.
Income Taxes
Federal Income taxes are not currently due since we have had losses since inception of Clean Energy Technologies.
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Income taxes are provided based upon the liability method of accounting pursuant to ASC 740-10-25 Income Taxes – Recognition. Under this approach, deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end. A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred tax assets if management does not believe the Company has met the “more likely than not” standard required by ASC 740-10-25-5.
Deferred income tax amounts reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax reporting purposes.
As
of December 31, 2024 (Restated), we had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $
On
February 13, 2018, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Registrant” or “Corporation”)
entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (“Stock Purchase Agreement”) by and between MGW Investment I Limited (“MGWI”)
and the Corporation. The Corporation received $
On
February 13,2018 the Corporation and Confections Ventures Limited. (“CVL”) entered into a Convertible Note Purchase Agreement
(the “Convertible Note Purchase Agreement,” together with the Stock Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated
thereunder, the “Financing”) pursuant to which the Corporation issued to CVL a convertible promissory Note (the “CVL
Note”) in the principal amount of $
This resulted in a change in control, which limited the net operating to that date forward. We are subject to taxation in the U.S. and the states of California. Further, the Company currently has no open tax years’ subject to audit prior to December 31, 2018. The Company is current on its federal and state tax returns.
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Reverse Stock Split
On October 6, 2025, the Company effected a
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The Company’s management reviewed all recently issued ASU’s not yet adopted by the Company and does not believe the future adoptions of any such ASU’s may be expected to cause a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or the results of its operations.
Deferred Stock Issuance Costs
Deferred
stock issuance costs represent amounts paid for legal, consulting, and other offering expenses in conjunction with the future
raising of additional capital to be performed within one year. These costs are netted against additional paid-in capital as a cost
of the stock issuance upon closing of the respective stock placement. During the year ended December 31, 2024, $
NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTS AND NOTES RECEIVABLE
| December 31, 2024 (Restated) | December 31, 2023 (Restated) | |||||||
| Accounts Receivable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts Receivable - RP | ||||||||
| Less reserve for uncollectable accounts | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Our Accounts Receivable is pledged to Nations Interbanc, our line of credit.
| December 31, 2024 (Restated) | December 31, 2023 (Restated) | |||||||
| Long-term receivables | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less reserve for uncollectable accounts | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Long-term receivables | ||||||||
The Company is currently modifying the assets subject to lease to meet the provisions of the agreement, and as of December 31, 2024 any collection on the lease payments was not yet considered probable, resulting in no derecognition of the underlying asset and no net lease investments recognized on the sales-type lease pursuant to ASC 842-30-25-3.
On a contract-by-contract basis or in response to certain situations or installation difficulties, the Company may elect to allow non-interest bearing repayments in excess of 1 year.
Our long - term financing Receivable are pledged to Nations Interbanc, our line of credit.
NOTE 4 – INVENTORY
Inventories by major classification were comprised of the following at:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Inventory | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less reserve for obsolescence parts | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Our Inventory is pledged to Nations Interbanc, our line of credit.
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NOTE 5 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment were comprised of the following at:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Property and Equipment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accumulated Depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Fixed Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
Our
Depreciation Expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $
Our Property Plant and Equipment is pledged to Nations Interbanc, our line of credit.
NOTE 6 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets were comprised of the following at:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Goodwill | $ | $ | ||||||
| LWL Intangibles | ||||||||
| License | ||||||||
| Patents | ||||||||
| Accumulated Amortization-Patents | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Intangible Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
As
of December 31, 2024, the Company reports intangible assets totaling $
As
of both December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, goodwill amounted to $
The
LWL Investment balance of $
The
License balance remained unchanged at $
The Patents balance, after amortization, was $
Our
Amortization Expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $
Based on the foregoing analysis of the facts surrounding the Company’s acquisition of LWL, it is the Company’s position that the Company is the acquirer of LWL, under the acquisition method of accounting.
As such, as of November 8, 2021 (the acquisition date), the Company recognized, separately from goodwill, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in the Business combination.
The following table presents the purchase price allocation:
| Consideration: | ||||
| Total purchaser consideration – cash paid | $ | |||
| Assets acquired: | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | |||
| Prepayment | $ | |||
| Other receivable | $ | |||
| Trading Contracts | $ | |||
| Shenzhen Gas Relationship | $ | |||
| Total assets acquired | $ | |||
| Liabilities assumed: | ||||
| Advance Receipts | $ | ( | ) | |
| Taxes Payable | $ | ( | ) | |
| Net Assets Acquired: | $ |
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NOTE 7 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE RECEIVABLE
Effective
January 10, 2022, JHJ (“note holder”) entered a convertible note agreement with Chengdu Rongjun Enterprise Consulting
Co., Ltd (“Rongjun” or “the borrower”) with maturity on
NOTE 8 – ACCRUED EXPENSES
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Accrued Wages | $ | $ | ||||||
| Sales tax payable | ||||||||
| Accrued Taxes and other | ||||||||
| Total Accrued Expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
NOTE 9 – WARRANT LIABILITY
On December 5, 2024, the Company entered into an Equity
Line of Credit Agreement with Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (the “Investor”), pursuant to which the Investor committed to provide up
to $
In connection with the agreement, the Company issued
a purchase warrant to the Investor to purchase up to shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $
The warrant contains a down-round provision whereby the exercise price will be reduced if the Company issues common stock, options, or convertible securities at a price below the then-current exercise price of the warrant.
The warrant was classified as a liability and initially
recorded at fair value of $
The following table presents a reconciliation of the credit line warrant liability measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Fair value-beginning of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Change in fair value | ( | ) | ||||||
| Fair value-end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
NOTE 10 – NOTES PAYABLE
All
share and per-share information presented in this Note relating to the periods presented has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the
On
November 11, 2013, we entered into an accounts receivable financing agreement with American Interbanc (now Nations Interbanc). Amounts
outstanding under the agreement bear interest at the rate of
On
April 1, 2021, we entered into an amendment to the purchase order financing agreement with DHN Capital, LLC dba Nations Interbanc.
Nations Interbanc has lowered the accrued fees balance by $
During the year, the Company entered into several “sale of future receipts” / merchant cash-advance arrangements with Reliance Financial FL LLC, as well as a subordinated business loan with Agile Lending, LLC and a purchase order financing facility with Nations Interbanc. Although certain contracts are legally structured as non-recourse “sales” of future business receipts, management concluded that these arrangements do not involve the transfer of discrete existing financial assets that would qualify for derecognition under ASC 860. Instead, the Company continues to generate and collect its operating cash receipts and remits amounts to the lenders until the contractual repayment amounts have been satisfied.
Accordingly, the Reliance, Agile, and Nations Interbanc arrangements are accounted for as interest-bearing financing liabilities within the scope of ASC 470 and ASC 835. The Company records the net proceeds received as short-term debt and recognizes the excess of the total contractual repayment amounts (including any origination fees, daily fees and make-whole or prepayment charges) over the net proceeds as debt discounts or financing costs, which are amortized to interest expense using the simple interest method over the expected repayment periods. Legal and other third-party costs that are directly attributable to obtaining these financings are capitalized as debt issuance costs and presented as a direct deduction from the related liabilities.
On
or about October 31, 2024, and December 24, 2024, the Company borrowed approximately $
On
or about July 15, 2024, August 6, 2024, and October 10, 2024, the Company borrowed approximately $
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Convertible Notes Payable, Net
On
May 6, 2022, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Mast Hill, L.P. (“Mast Hill”) pursuant to which the Company issued
to Mast Hill a $
On
September 16, 2022, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Mast Hill pursuant to which the Company
issued to Mast Hill a $
On
December 26, 2022, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Mast Hill pursuant to which the Company
issued to Mast Hill a $
On
January 19, 2023, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Mast Hill pursuant to which the Company
issued to Mast Hill a $
On
March 8, 2023, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Mast Hill pursuant to which the Company
issued to Mast Hill a $
On
July 20, 2023, the Company closed the transactions contemplated by
the Securities Purchase Agreement with Mast Hill, dated July 18, 2023,
pursuant to which the Company issued to Mast Hill a $
On
October 13, 2023, the company entered into a promissory note with Diagonal in the amount of $
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On
November 17, 2023, the Company entered into a promissory note with Diagonal in the amount of $
On
November 30, 2023, the Company entered into a promissory note with Diagonal in the amount of $
On
December 19, 2023, the Company entered into a promissory note in the amount of $
On
January 3, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement
with FirstFire, pursuant to which the
Company agreed to issue and sell to FirsFire the promissory note of the Company in the principal amount of $
On
February 2, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Coventry Enterprises LLC, a Delaware limited
liability company Coventry pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Buyer the promissory note of the Company in
the principal amount of $
On
March 4, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement
with FirstFire, pursuant to which the
Company agreed to issue and sell to the FirstFire the promissory note of the Company in the principal amount of $
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On
June 21, 2024, Vermont Renewable Gas LLC (“VRG”), a Vermont limited liability company in which the Company retains
On
August 22, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Diagonal Lending LLC, a Virginia limited liability company (“Diagonal”), pursuant
to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to Diagonal a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount of $
On
September 2, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with Coventry
pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to Coventry a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount
of $
On
September 10, 2024, the Company, and Mast Hill Fund, L.P., a Delaware
limited partnership (“Mast”), entered into (i) an amendment to the promissory note that was issued by the Company to Mast
on May 6, 2022, in the original principal amount of $
On
September 10, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mast pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue
and sell to Mast a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount of $
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On
September 30, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with Diagonal,
pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to Diagonal a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount
of $
On
October 15, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement
with Diagonal, pursuant to which the Company agreed to
issue and sell to Diagonal a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount of $
On
November 8, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement
with Coventry, pursuant to which the Company agreed to
issue and sell to Coventry a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount of $101,000
for a purchase price of $
On
November 18, 2024, as stated in the 3rd quarter of 2024 10Q filed on November 19, 2024, the Company and Mast, entered into
an amendment to that certain promissory note originally issued by the Company to Mast on September 9, 2024, in the original principal
amount of $
On
November 29, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lucas Ventures, LLC, a Arizona limited liability company,
pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to Lender (i) a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount
of $
| 73 |
On
December 5, 2024, the Company, entered into an equity purchase agreement (the “Equity Line of Credit Agreement”) with
Mast, pursuant to which the Investor agreed to provide an equity line of up to Five Million Dollars ($
On December 11, 2024, the Company and
Mast Hill entered into an amendment to that certain promissory note originally issued by the Company to Mast on September 10, 2024, in
the original principal amount of $
On
December 12, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Diagonal, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue
and sell to Diagonal a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount of $
Total due to Convertible Notes
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Total convertible notes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued Interest | ||||||||
| Debt Discount | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
NOTE 11 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Rental Leases
ASB ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” – In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which requires lessees to recognize almost all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. For income statement purposes, the FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance. Classification will be based on criteria that are largely similar to those applied in current lease accounting, but without explicit bright lines. Lessor accounting is similar to the current model but has been updated to align with certain changes to the lessee model and the new revenue recognition standard. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted the above ASU as of January 1, 2019. The right of use asset and lease liability have been recorded at the present value of the future minimum lease payments, utilizing an average borrowing rate and the company is utilizing the transition relief and “running off” on current leases.
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As
of May 1, 2017, our corporate headquarters were located at 2990 Redhill Unit A, Costa Mesa, CA. On March 10, 2017, the Company signed
a lease agreement for an 18,200-square foot CTU Industrial Building. Lease term is seven years and two months beginning July 1, 2017.
This lease ended as of November 30, 2023.
We have relocated our corporate office to 1340 Reynolds Avenue Unit 120, Irvine, CA 92614. On December 1, 2023, the Company signed a lease agreement for a 3000-square foot of office space with Metro Creekside California, LLC. Lease term is thirty-eight months beginning December 1, 2023 and expiring on January 31, 2027. On October 16 of 2023, we signed a sublease agreement to relocate the HRS operations from Costa Mesa to Irvine, California for one year and 7 months commencing December 1, 2023 and ending June 30, 2025. We also signed a temporary storage lease and Due to the short termination clause, we are treating this as a month-to-month lease.
The components of lease costs, lease term and discount rate with respect of these two leases with an initial term of more than 12 months are as the following:
Balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating leases:
As of December 31, 2024 |
As of December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Right-of-used assets | $ | |||||||
| Lease liabilities – current | $ | |||||||
| Lease liabilities – non-current | ||||||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | |||||||
The weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate of the above two leases are as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2024 | ||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | ||||
| Weighted average discount rate | % | |||
The following is a schedule, by year of lease payment for above two leases as of December 31, 2024:
| For the 12 months ending | Lease Payment | |||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| Total undiscounted cash flows | ||||
| Imputed Interest | ( | ) | ||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | |||
Our
lease expense ASC 842 lease for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $
Severance Benefits
Mr. Mahdi will receive a severance benefit consisting of a single lump sum cash payment equal the salary that Mr. Mahdi would have been entitled to receive through the remainder or the Employment Period or One (1) year, whichever is greater.
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NOTE 12 – CAPITAL STOCK TRANSACTIONS
On
January 6, 2023, our board of directors and majority shareholders approved a
On
September 26, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Change Pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.209 with the Secretary of
State of the State of Nevada effecting a
Common Stock Transactions
On
January 19, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement and a warrant agreement with Mast Hill pursuant to which the
Company issued to Mast Hill the Company issued Mast Hill a
On January 27, 2023 we issued shares of our common stock due to rounding post the reverse stock split.
On
March 23, 2023 we sold shares of our common stock in an underwritten offering to R.F. Lafferty & CO and
Phillip US. The initial public offering price per share is $ per share. Net proceeds from
this offering was $
In
the second quarter of 2023, the Company issued
shares to a consultant at fair value of $
On
March 8, 2023 the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement and a warrant agreement with Mast Hill, L.P. (Mast Hill”)
pursuant to which the Company issued to Mast Hill the Company issued Mast Hill a five-year warrant to purchase
On
April 18, 2023 Mast Hill exercised the right to purchase
On
May 10, 2023 Mast Hill exercised the right to purchase
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On
June 14, 2023 Mast Hill exercised the right to purchase
On
June 23, 2023 Mast Hill exercised the right to purchase
On
September 12, 2023 Mast Hill exercised the right to purchase
On
September 13, 2023 Mast Hill exercised the right to purchase
On
October 27, 2023 Mast Hill exercised the right to purchase
On January 3, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with FirstFire, As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer shares of Common Stock.
On February 2, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Coventry Enterprises LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Buyer”). As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer shares of Common Stock.
On February 24, 2024, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Hudson Global Ventures, LLC. As a condition to the agreement, the Company issued shares of Common Stock to the consultant.
On March 4, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with FirstFire. As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer shares of Common Stock.
On
March 15, 2024, the Company and certain Subscribers
entered into a subscription agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell up to units to the Subscribers for an aggregate purchase price of $
On
June 18, 2024, the Company and certain Subscribers
entered into a subscription agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell approximately units to the Subscribers for an aggregate purchase price of $
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued shares of common stock for conversion of Series E Preferred share and of common stock for conversion of zero Series E Preferred share.
On September 2, 2024, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Coventry Enterprises LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Buyer”). As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer shares (the “Commitment Shares”) of Common Stock.
On
October 20, 2024, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., a Nevada corporation, (the “Company”) and certain individual investors
(“Subscribers”) entered into a subscription agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell approximately
units (each a “Unit” and together the “Units”) to the Subscribers for an aggregate purchase price of $
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On November 8, 2024, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement with Coventry Enterprises LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Buyer”). As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer shares (the “Commitment Shares”) of Common Stock.
On November 18, 2024, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Mast Hill Fund LP, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Buyer”). As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer (pre-reverse split) shares (the “Commitment Shares”) of Common Stock.
On November 29, 2024, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Lucas Ventures, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Buyer”). As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer shares (the “Commitment Shares”) of Common Stock.
On December 23, 2024, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Coventry Enterprises LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Buyer”). As a condition to the sale of the Note, the Company issued to the Buyer (pre-reverse split) shares (the “Commitment Shares”) of Common Stock.
Common Stock
Our
Articles of Incorporation authorize us to issue
shares of common stock, par value $
per share. As of December 31, 2024, there were
shares of common stock outstanding. All outstanding shares
of common stock are, and the common stock to be issued will be fully paid and non-assessable.
The holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally in dividends and other distributions that our Board of Directors may declare from time to time out of funds legally available for that purpose, if any, after the satisfaction of any prior rights and preferences of any outstanding preferred stock. If we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, the holders of common stock shares will be entitled to share ratably in the distribution of all of our assets remaining available for distribution after satisfaction of all our liabilities and our obligations to holders of our outstanding preferred stock.
Preferred Stock
Our
Articles of Incorporation authorize us to issue
shares of preferred stock, par value $
per share. The
Unless
our Board of Directors provides otherwise, the shares of all series of preferred stock will rank on parity with respect to the payment
of dividends and to the distribution of assets upon liquidation. Any issuance by us of shares of our preferred stock may have the effect
of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of our control or an unsolicited acquisition proposal.
We previously authorized shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, and shares Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. As of August 20, 2006, all series A, B, and C preferred had been converted into common stock.
Effective August 7, 2013, our
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The
following are primary terms of the Series D Preferred Stock.
On
October 31, 2023, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) filed with the Nevada Secretary of State a certificate
of designation designating shares of the undesignated and authorized preferred stock of the Company, par value $ per share,
as the
The
Series E Preferred Stock has a stated value of $ (the “Stated Value”) per share.
On
November 8, 2023, the Company entered into an exchange agreement
with Mast Hill, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to
the Holder shares of the newly designated
The
Company has designated the rights of the Holder with respect to its shares of Series E Preferred Stocks pursuant to that certain Certificate
of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designation”). Additionally,
$
Warrants
All share and per-share information presented below has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the
A summary of warrant activity for the periods is as follows:
On
May 6, 2022, we issued
On
August 5, 2022, we issued
On
August 17, 2022, we issued
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On
September 1, 2022, we issued
On
September 16, 2022, we issued
On
November 10, 2022 we issued
On
November 21, 2022 we issued
On
December 26, 2022, we issued
On
January 19, 2023 we issued
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On
February 13, 2023 we issued
On
March 8, 2023 we issued
On
March 2023, the company issued Craft Capital Management, L.L.C. and R.F. Lafferty & Co. Inc. a
On
October 25, 2023 Mast Hill exercised the right to purchase
of the shares of Common Stock (“Warrant
Shares”) of Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., because of the Common Stock Purchase Warrant (the “Warrant”) issued on
March 08, 2023. The exercise price is $
On
March 15, 2024, we issued
On
June 18, 2024, we issued
On
December 5, 2024, we issued
| Warrants - Common Share Equivalents | Weighted Average Exercise price | Weighted Average Contract life (years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Expired | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Additions | - | |||||||||||||||
| Additions | - | |||||||||||||||
| Additions | - | |||||||||||||||
| Exercised | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Outstanding December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
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Stock Options
We currently have no outstanding stock options
NOTE 13 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On
May 13, 2021, the Company formed CETY Capital LLC a wholly owned subsidiary of CETY. In addition, the company established VRG with our partner, Synergy Bioproducts Corporation (“SBC”) The purpose of the joint venture is
the development of a pyrolysis plant established to convert wood feedstock into electricity and BioChar by using high temperature ablative
fast pyrolysis reactor for which Clean Energy Technology, Inc. holds the license for. The VRG is in Lyndon, Vermont. Based upon the terms
of the members’ agreement, CETY Capital LLC owns a
On June 2, 2023, CETY Renewables executed a turnkey agreement with VRG
for the design, construction, and delivery of an organics-to-energy plant. As a result of this agreement, CETY invoiced VRG $
CETY Renewables currently has $
On
June 21, 2024, VRG, a Vermont limited liability company in which the Company retains
The Lender is currently in default and has been served notice of default. The Lender has failed to disburse the first and second Tranche as outlined in the Milestone Schedule of the Agreement. While the Lender has communicated that they are working to cure this default, the company retains the right to amend the agreement once the cure is completed.
NOTE 14 - WARRANTY LIABILITY
For
the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 there was change in our warranty liability. We estimate our warranty liability based on
past experiences and estimated replacement cost of material and labor to replace the critical turbine in the units that are still under
warranty. The outstanding balance as of December 31, 2024, and 2023 was $
NOTE 15 – NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST
On
June 24, 2021 the Company formed CETY Capital LLC a wholly owned subsidiary of CETY. In addition, on or about the same time the
company established CETY Renewables Ashfield LLC (“CRA”) a wholly owned subsidiary of Ashfield Renewables Ag Development
LLC(“ARA”) with our partner, Ashfield AG (“AG”). The purpose of the joint venture was the development of a
pyrolysis plant established to convert woody feedstock into electricity and BioChar by using high temperature ablative fast
pyrolysis reactor for which Clean Energy Technology, Inc. holds the license for. The CRA was located in Ashfield, Massachusetts.
Based upon the terms of the members’ agreement, the CETY Capital LLC owned
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The
consolidated financial statements have deconsolidated the CRA business unit. The Liabilities of CRA has been transferred to VRG, a newly formed entity. CETY retains
On
April 2, 2023 the Company formed CETY Capital LLC a wholly owned subsidiary of CETY. In addition, the company established VRG with our partner, SBC. The purpose of the joint venture is
the development of a pyrolysis plant established to convert wood feedstock into electricity and BioChar by using high temperature ablative
fast pyrolysis reactor for which Clean Energy Technology, Inc. holds the license for. The VRG is in Lyndon, Vermont. Based upon the terms
of the members’ agreement, CETY Capital LLC owns a
The Company analyzed the transaction under ASC 810 Consolidation, to determine if the joint venture classifies as a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”). The Company analyzed the transaction under ASC 810 Consolidation, to determine if the joint venture classifies as a VIE. The Joint Venture qualifies as a VIE based on the fact the JV does not have sufficient equity to operate without financial support from both parties. According to ASC 810-25-38, a reporting entity shall consolidate a VIE when that reporting entity has a variable interest (or combination of variable interests) that provides the reporting entity with a controlling financial interest on the basis of the provisions in paragraphs 810-10-25-38A through 25-38J. The reporting entity that consolidates a VIE is called the primary beneficiary of that VIE. According to the JV operating agreement, the ownership interests are 49/51 and the agreement provides for a Management Committee of 3 members. Two of the three members are from Synergy Bioproducts Corporation, and one is from CETY. Both parties do not have substantial capital at risk and CETY does not have voting interest. However, SBC has controlling interest and more board votes therefore SBC is the beneficiary of the VIE and as a result we record it as an equity investment. Accordingly, the Company has elected to account for the joint venture as an equity method investment in accordance with ASC 323 Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. This decision is a result of the company’s evaluation of its involvement with potential variable interest entities and their respective risk and reward scenarios, which collectively affirm that the conditions necessitating the application of the variable interest model are not present.
In
July 2022 JHJ and other three shareholders agreed to form and make total capital contribution of RMB million ($ million) with
latest contribution due date in February 2066 into Sichuan Hongzuo Shuya Energy Limited (“Shuya”), JHJ owns % of Shuya.
In August 2022 JHJ purchased
On January 1, 2024 and effective on the same date., JHJ, SSET and Xiangyueheng entered into the Agreement on the Termination of the Concerted Action Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”), pursuant to which the parties release each other from any and all obligations under the CAA. Due to the Termination Agreement, the Company now holds less than 50% of the voting rights in Shuya. The Company has determined that Shuya no longer constitutes a VIE and the Company will not consolidate Shuya into its consolidated financial statements on or after January 1, 2024.
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NOTE 16 – DECONSOLIDATION OF SUBSIDIARY
On
January 1, 2024 and effective on the same date., JHJ, SSET and Xiangyueheng entered into the Agreement on the Termination of the Concerted
Action Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”), pursuant to which the parties release each other from any and all obligations
under the CAA. Due to the Termination Agreement, the Company now holds less than 50% of the voting rights in Shuya. The Company has determined
that Shuya no longer constitutes a VIE and the Company will not consolidate Shuya into its consolidated financial statements on or after
January 1, 2024. Accordingly, starting January 1, 2024, the Company deconsolidated Shuya. Under ASC 810-10-40-5, deconsolidation
of a VIE generally results in recognition of a gain or loss in the income statement. In addition, any retained equity interest or investment
in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value as of the date of deconsolidation. The consideration for deconsolidating Shuya
is $
The
Company recalculated the fair value of Shuya as of January 1, 2024 using the income approach at $
The following table summarizes the carrying value of the assets and liabilities of Shuya at December 31, 2023.
| Cash | $ | |||
| Accounts receivable | ||||
| Advance to supplier-prepayment | ||||
| Advance to supplier-related party | ||||
| Due from related party | ||||
| Inventory | ||||
| Total current assets | ||||
| Fixed assets, net | ||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||
| Right of use assets | ||||
| Total non-current assets | ||||
| Total assets | ||||
| Accounts payable | $ | |||
| Accounts payable-related party | ||||
| Tax payable | ||||
| Due to related party-existing companies | ||||
| Customer deposits | ||||
| Accrued expense | ||||
| Facility lease liability-current | ||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||
| Facility lease liability-long term | ||||
| Total liabilities |
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The following table shows the results of operations relating to discontinued operations Shuya for the years ended December 31, 2023, respectively.
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, No discontinued operations included | ||||
| 2023 | ||||
| Revenues | $ | |||
| Cost of goods sold | ||||
| Gross profit | ||||
| Operating expenses | ||||
| Selling | ||||
| General and administrative | ||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||
| Income from operations | ||||
| Other income | ||||
| Income before income tax | ||||
| Income tax | ||||
| Income before noncontrolling interest | ||||
| Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interest | ||||
| Net gain to the Company | $ | |||
NOTE 17 – INCOME TAX
CETY Europe
CETY
Europe is one of the Company’s subsidiaries in Italy, and is subject to
Hong Kong
CETY
HK is incorporated in Hong Kong and is subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial
statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. The applicable tax rate for the first HKD
CETY HK did not make any provisions for Hong Kong profit tax as there were no assessable profits derived from or earned in Hong Kong since inception.
PRC
Under
the Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law of the PRC, domestic enterprises and Foreign Investment Enterprises (the “FIE”)
are usually subject to a unified
The current PRC EIT Law imposes a 10% withholding income tax for dividends distributed by foreign invested enterprises to their immediate holding companies outside the PRC. A lower withholding tax rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty arrangement between the PRC and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding company. Distributions to holding companies in Hong Kong that satisfy certain requirements specified by the PRC tax authorities, for example, will be subject to a 5% withholding tax rate. There were no provisions for income tax for CETY HK.
| 85 |
The provision for income tax consisted of the following:
| For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Current income tax expense | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred income tax expense | ||||||||
| Total income tax expense | $ | $ | ||||||
The following table reconciles the statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate:
| For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||
2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Federal statutory tax expense (benefit) | ( | )% | ( |
)% | ||||
| State Statutory | ( | )% | ( |
)% | ||||
| Tax rate difference | % | % | ||||||
| Permanent difference | % | % | ||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | % | % | ||||||
| Effective tax rate | % | % | ||||||
The components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
2024 (Restated) | 2023 (Restated) | |||||||
| Deferred tax: | ||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | ||||||||
| Net operating loss (“NOL”) carrying forwards | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of right of use assets | ||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets, net | ||||||||
| Less: valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( |
) | ||||
| Total deferred tax assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred tax liability: | ||||||||
| License and Patents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of right of use assets | 4,394 |
|||||||
| Deferred tax liability, net of deferred tax assets | $ | $ | ||||||
The Company evaluates its valuation
allowance requirements at the end of each reporting period by reviewing all available evidence, both positive and negative, and
considering whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. When circumstances cause a change in
management’s judgement about the realizability of deferred tax assets, the impact of the change on the valuation allowance is
generally reflected in income from operations. The future realization of the tax benefit of an existing deductible temporary
difference ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carry forward
period available under applicable tax law. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s PRC operating entities had $
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions that qualify for either recognition or disclosure in the financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to significant uncertain income tax positions in other expense if any; however, there were no such interest and penalties as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
NOTE 18 – THE STATUTORY RESERVES
The Company’s ability to pay dividends primarily depends on it receiving funds from its subsidiaries. PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Company’s PRC subsidiaries only out of the subsidiary’s retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The results of operations reflected in the financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries.
In
accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment and their articles of association, a foreign-invested enterprise
(“FIE”) established in the PRC is required to provide statutory reserves, which are appropriated from net profit as reported
in the FIE’s PRC statutory accounts. An FIE is required to allocate at least
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Additionally,
in accordance with the Company Laws of the PRC, a domestic enterprise is required to provide surplus reserve at least 10% of its annual
after-tax profit until such reserve has reached
As
a result of these PRC laws and regulations that require annual appropriations of
In
addition, according to Administrative Measures for the Collection and Utilization of Enterprise Work Safety Funds issued by the PRC Ministry
of Finance and the State Administration of Work Safety, for the companies with dangerous goods production or storage, the company is
required to make a special reserve for the use of enhancing and improving its safe production conditions. Under PRC GAAP, the reserve
is recorded as selling expense; however, under US GAAP, since the expense has not been incurred and the Company will record cost of sales
for safety related expenses when it is actually happened or incurred, this special reserve was recorded as an appropriation of its after-tax
income. The reserve is calculated at a rate of
NOTE 19 – RESTATEMENT
During the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, the Company determined that historical accounting errors existed related primarily to the classification, valuation, and collectability assessment of long-term receivables and contract assets, as well as the timing of revenue recognition and related interest income under U.S. GAAP. In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 99, Materiality, and SAB 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Period Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Period Financial Statements, the Company evaluated the materiality of the errors from qualitative and quantitative perspectives, individually and in aggregate, and concluded that the impact of the errors was material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company has restated the financial statements for those periods and presented the effects of the restatement adjustments to the financial statements below.
The restatement adjustments
relate to the following items: (i) the reclassification of certain long-term receivables to contract assets in the amount of $
Certain of the revenue recognition adjustments described above were reflected through the reclassification and valuation of contract assets and long-term receivables and therefore are not separately presented as standalone revenue line-item adjustments within the reconciliation tables below.
For
the year ended December 31, 2024, the restatement resulted in an increase of $
The following table presents the effects of the restatement to the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2024:
| As Previously Reported | Restated | Net Adjustment | ||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||
| Deferred offering costs | ||||||||||||
| Long-term financing receivables-net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Contract assets | ||||||||||||
| Total Assets | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Customer Deposits | ||||||||||||
| Warrant Liability | ||||||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total stockholders’ Equity | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total Liabilities and stockholders’ Equity | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||
The following table presents the effects of the restatement to the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023:
| As Previously Reported | Restated | Net Adjustment | ||||||||||
| Accounts receivable - net | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||
| Long-term financing receivables - net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Contract assets | ||||||||||||
| Total Assets | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Customer Deposits | ||||||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||
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The following table presents the effects of the restatement to the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2024:
| As Previously Reported | Restated | Net Adjustment | ||||||||||
| General and Administrative expense | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net Loss from Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in FV of warrant liability | ||||||||||||
| Interest Income | ||||||||||||
| Net Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss attributable to Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total Comprehensible Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
The following table presents the effects of the restatement to the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2023:
| As Previously Reported | Restated | Net Adjustment | ||||||||||
| Interest Income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total Comprehensible Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
The following table presents the effects of the restatement ton the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024:
| As Previously Reported | Restated | Net Adjustment | ||||||||||
| Net loss before discontinued operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Bad debt expense | ||||||||||||
| Change in FV of warrant liability | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in contract asset | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other (Decrease) increase in accrued expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
The following table presents the effects of the restatement to the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023:
| As Previously Reported | Restated | Net Adjustment | ||||||||||
| Net loss before discontinued operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| (Increase) decrease in contract asset | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
NOTE 20 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued. The Company has determined that there are no other such events that warrant disclosure or recognition in the financial statements, except as noted below.
Nasdaq Deficiencies
On November 5, 2024, the Company received a written notice from the Listing
Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) indicating that the Company was not in compliance with the
$
On January 8, 2025, the Company received a written notice from Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq’s annual shareholder meeting requirement as set forth in Listing Rules 5620(a) and 5810(c)(2)(G) (the “Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement”). The Nasdaq listing rules require the Company to have an annual meeting of shareholders within twelve months of the end of the Company’s fiscal year end, and the Company has not had an annual meeting within twelve months of the Company’s 2023 fiscal year end as required. The Nasdaq rules provided the Company 45 calendar days to submit a plan to regain compliance with the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement. The Company submitted such plan as required, and on February 27, 2025, Nasdaq provided the Company an extension of until June 3, 2025, to regain compliance with the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement. On April 30, 2025, the Company held its annual meeting of shareholders, and the Company regained compliance with the Annual Shareholder Meeting Requirement.
On May 26, 2026, the Company received a written notice Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) because the Company had not yet filed its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2026. That rule requires listed companies to timely file all required periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Under Nasdaq rules, the Company has 60 calendar days from receipt of the notice to submit a plan to regain compliance. If Nasdaq accepts the Company’s plan, then Nasdaq may grant an exception of up to 180 calendar days from the due date of the Form 10-Q, or until November 16, 2026, to regain compliance.
The Company intends to submit a plan to Nasdaq regarding regaining compliance with Nasdaq’s rules. However, there can be no assurance that Nasdaq will accept the Company’s plan to regain compliance or that the Company will be able to regain compliance within any extension period granted by Nasdaq. If Nasdaq does not accept the Company’s plan, then the Company will have the opportunity to appeal that decision to a Nasdaq hearings panel.
| 88 |
Notes Payable
On or about November 6, 2025, and December
31, 2025, the Company borrowed approximately $
On January 10, 2025, May 22, 2025 the
Company borrowed approximately $
On June 30, 2025, May 12, 2026, and May 27, 2026, the Company borrowed approximately $
Convertible Notes
Effective
January 16, 2025, the Company, entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (“Mast Hill”), pursuant
to which the Company sold, and Mast Hill purchased, (i) a junior secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
Effective
February 28, 2025, the Company, entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mast Hill, pursuant to which the Company sold, and
Mast Hill purchased, (i) a junior secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
On
April 4, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Pacific Pier Capital II, LLC (“Pacific Pier”),
pursuant to which the Company sold, and Pacific Pier purchased, (i) a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
Effective
April 23, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Pacific Pier, pursuant to which the Company sold, and Pacific
Pier purchased, (i) a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
On
May 8, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (“1800 Diagonal”), pursuant
to which the Company sold, and 1800 Diagonal purchased, a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
| 89 |
On
May 19, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lucas Ventures, LLC (“Lucas Ventures”), pursuant
to which the Company sold, and Lucas Ventures purchased, (i) a convertible promissory note in the original principal amount of $
Effective
June 4, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mast Hill, pursuant to which the Company sold, and Mast Hill
purchased, (i) a junior secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
Effective
July 18, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund LLC (“Firstfire”),
pursuant to which the Company sold, and Firstfire purchased, (i) a junior secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount
of $
On
July 30, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 1800 Diagonal, pursuant to which the Company sold, and 1800
Diagonal purchased, a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
Effective
August 15, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mast Hill, pursuant to which the Company sold, and Mast
Hill purchased, (i) a junior secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
On
or about March 4, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with 1800 Diagonal Lending, pursuant to which the Company
sold, and 1800 Diagonal purchased, a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
On
or about March 6, 2026, in consideration of (i) $
Effective
April 22, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “PPC SPA”) with Pacific Pier Capital II, LP,
pursuant to which the Company sold, and Pacific Pier purchased, a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
On January 8, 2026, Pacific Pier Capital II, LLC issued
a forgiveness letter to the Company confirming that the remaining unpaid balance of $
Effective April 23,
2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Pacific Pier, pursuant to which the Company sold, and Pacific Pier
purchased, (i) a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $
Additionally,
subsequent to year-end, Noblebear Capital acquired from Mast Hill Fund the Company’s existing convertible note originally issued on August
15, 2025, in the principal amount of $
As a result of these assignments, Noblebear Capital became the holder of both debt obligations. Other than the change in creditor, the Company’s obligations under the notes remained substantially unchanged unless subsequently modified by agreement between the Company and Noblebear Capital.
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Issuances of Common Stock
On
January 16, 2025, the Company issued
On January 20, 2025, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Hudson Global Ventures, LLC. As a condition to the agreement, the Company issued shares of Common Stock to the consultant.
On
February 28, 2025, we issued
On
March 4, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with FirstFire. Pursuant to the agreement, FirstFire accepted
shares of the Company’s common stock as final payment on the loan. As of December 30, 2025, the outstanding balance of the
loan was $
On or about April 7, 2025, pursuant to the securities purchase agreement with Pacific Pier dated April 4, 2025, described above, the Company issued shares of Company common stock to Pacific Pier.
On or about April 23, 2025, pursuant to the securities purchase agreement with Pacific Pier dated April 23, 2025, described above, the Company issued shares of Company common stock to Pacific Pier.
On
May 6, 2025, the Company entered into a Subscription Agreement with various investors, pursuant to which the purchasers acquired in the
aggregate
On May 7, 2025, the Company received a letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, granting the Company an additional 180-day period, or until November 3, 2025, to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum $ bid price per share requirement.
On
or about May 9, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On or about May 19, 2025, pursuant to the securities purchase agreement with Lucas Ventures dated May 19, 2025, described above, the Company issued shares of Company common stock to Lucas Ventures.
On
or about May 23, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about May 23, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about May 23, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about May 23, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of the remaining $
On or about June 4, 2025, pursuant to the securities purchase agreement with Mast Hill dated June 3, 2025, described above, the Company issued shares of Company common stock to Mast Hill.
On
or about June 10, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
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On
or about June 17, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about June 20, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to 1800 Diagonal pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about June 23, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to 1800 Diagonal pursuant to its conversion of $
On or about June 23, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Lucas Ventures as true-up shares under the securities purchase agreement with Lucas Ventures dated November 29, 2024.
On
or about July 8, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about July 11, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about July 18, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On or about July 18, 2025, pursuant to the securities purchase agreement with First Fire dated July 18, 2025, described above, the Company issued shares of Company common stock to First Fire.
On
or about July 21, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about August 1, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about August 1, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about August 6, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On or about August 18, 2025, pursuant to the securities purchase agreement with Mast Hill dated August 15, 2025, described above, the Company issued shares of Company common stock to Mast Hill.
On
or about September 12, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
September 26, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Change Pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.209 with the Secretary of
State of the State of Nevada effecting a
On
or about October 6, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about October 8, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about October 10, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about October 13, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Pacific Pier pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about October 14, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about October 16, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about October 23, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Pacific Pier pursuant to its notice of conversion of $
On
or about November 3, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
On
or about November 10, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Pacific Pier pursuant to its notice of conversion of
$
On
or about November 21, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its notice of conversion of $
On
or about November 25, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its notice of conversion of $
On
or about November 25, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its conversion of $
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On
or about November 26, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its notice of conversion of
$
On
or about December 1, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its notice of conversion of $
On
or about December 1, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its notice of conversion of $
On
or about December 1, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Pacific Pier pursuant to its notice of conversion of
$
On
or about December 5, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its notice of conversion of $
On
or about December 11, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock to Mast Hill pursuant to its notice of conversion of $
On or about December 19, 2025, the Company issued True-up shares of common stock to Lucas Ventures, LLC pursuant to a security purchase agreement dated May 19, 2025.
On
or about December 24, 2025, the Company issued shares of Company common stock with an investor pursuant to a subscription agreement
for $
On
or about December 24, 2025, the Company issued shares of Company common stock with an investor pursuant to a subscription agreement
for $
On
or about December 29, 2025, the Company issued shares of Company common stock with an investor pursuant to a subscription agreement
for $
As
of December 31, 2025, the Company has issued shares for the conversion of Series E Preferred shares, with a total value of $
On
January 2, 2026, the Company issued shares of common stock to Pacific Pier pursuant to its conversion of $
On January 16, 2026, the Company issued shares
of common stock to Pacific Pier pursuant to its conversion of $
On January 21, 2026, the Company issued shares
of common stock to First Fire pursuant to its conversion of $
On January 29, 2026, the Company issued
shares of common stock to Pacific Pier pursuant to its conversion of $
Related Party Transactions
On
or about July 1, 2025, Company subsidiary Herbert YF Global Holding Limited entered into a Consulting Agreement (the “Linkage Consulting
Agreement”) with Linkage International Limited (the “Consultant”), a Hong Kong company and one of the Company’s
investors from the Company’s May 6, 2025, private placement, pursuant to which the Company had sold in the aggregate shares
of Company common stock at a price of $ per share (on a split-adjusted basis), for aggregate gross proceeds of $
In
July 2022, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Jiangsu Huanya Jieneng New Energy Co., Ltd. (“JHJ”), acquired
a
The RMB
Note Purchase
On
January 12, 2026, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Filled Purchase Agreement”) with Filled Converge
Limited, a limited liability company formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Filled”) and Li Xiaoguang (collectively
the “Sellers”), pursuant to which the Company would acquire from the Sellers a HK$
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act, of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to us, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by Rules 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, an evaluation as of December 31, 2024 was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2024.
(b) Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management including our of our chief executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the 2013 framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO.
Based on our evaluation under the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2024 due to the following material weaknesses:
● a lack of sufficient in-house qualified accounting staff with the appropriate level of knowledge and experience in the application of U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements;
● inadequate controls and segregation of duties due to limited resources and number of employees;
● material purchase price allocation of Shuya transactions which are heavily dependent upon the use of estimates and assumptions and require us using consultants; and
● ineffective controls over the review and presentation of financial statement disclosures, including stockholders’ equity account balances, roll forwards, and related disclosures, which resulted in errors requiring restatement and amendments to previously issued financial statements.
Management has implemented and continues to enhance controls and review procedures relating to the preparation and review of financial statements and related disclosures, including additional review controls over stockholders’ equity rollforwards, account reconciliations, cross-referencing of financial statement disclosures, and financial statement presentation. In response to the errors identified in connection with the restatement and amendments to previously issued financial statements, the Company has implemented enhanced multi-level review procedures designed to improve the accuracy and consistency of stockholders’ equity balances and related disclosures included in its filings with the SEC.
The Company also plans to strengthen its accounting and financial reporting function by hiring additional qualified accounting personnel with relevant U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting experience and continuing to engage external accounting professionals and consultants with technical accounting expertise. In addition, the Company intends to formalize accounting policies and procedures and provide additional training relating to financial reporting and disclosure requirements.
Management is currently in the process of implementing and testing these enhanced controls and remediation measures and expects to continue remediation efforts throughout fiscal year 2025. However, the material weaknesses cannot be considered remediated until the applicable controls have operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.
Management continues to perform monitoring and oversight activities as part of the remediation process; however, such activities are not considered sufficient to remediate the identified material weaknesses.
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than the enhanced review procedures and remediation efforts described above, there have been no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
(a) Information Required to Be Disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K But Not Reported.
None.
(b) Director and Officer 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements.
During
the fourth quarter of 2024, none of the Company’s directors or officers
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
None. See “Disclosures Relating to Our Chinese Operations” for more information.
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PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Our officers and directors are the individuals listed below as of December 31, 2024:
| Name | Age | Position | ||
| Kambiz Mahdi | 59 | President, CEO, Director | ||
| Calvin Pang | 40 | CFO, Director | ||
| Lauren Morrison | 69 | Independent Director | ||
| Xiaotian Xiao | 40 | Independent Director | ||
| Ted Hsu | 65 | Independent Director |
There are no family relationships among any of the directors or the executive officer.
Biographical Information.
Mr. Kambiz Mahdi, served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company from 1996 until December of 2005 and again from July 2009 until present. Mr. Mahdi also started Billet Electronics a global supply chain provider of products, services and solutions in the technology sector in 2007. Mr. Mahdi has a BS degree in Electrical Engineering from California State University of Northridge. Mr. Mahdi has not served on any other boards of public companies in the past five years.
Our Board of Directors selected Mr. Mahdi to serve as a director because he is our Chief Executive Officer and has served in various executive roles with our company for 15 years, with a focus on electrical design & manufacturing, sales and operations and his insight into the development, marketing, finance, and operations aspects of our company. He has expansive knowledge of engineering and manufacturing industry and relationships with chief executives and other senior management at technology companies. Our Board of Directors believes that Mr. Mahdi brings a unique and valuable perspective to our Board of Directors.
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Mr. Calvin Pang has served as our Chief Financial Officer since March 9, 2020. Since 2015 Mr. Pang has been the Managing Director of Megawell Capital Limited. From 2007 to 2015, he was a banker at UBS AG managing portfolios of Hong Kong and China based investors. Mr. Pang graduated from the Olin School of Business at Washington University in St. Louis with a bachelor’s degree in business and finance. We believe that Mr. Pang is well qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors due to his extensive experience in U.S. and Asian corporate finance and may assist us in developing relationships with financial institutions.
Mr. Ted Hsu has almost 3 decades of experience as a commercial banker. He joined Preferred Bank in 1992 and currently serves as the bank’s Executive Vice President. Preferred Bank is one of the largest independent commercial banks in California. He has extensive experience in servicing clients in various sectors including real estate, construction, commercial and industrial. Recently, Mr. Hsu began to cover companies in the renewable energy sector as it is the growing trend. We believe Mr. Hsu is well qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors due to his experience in commercial lending.
Ms. Lauren Morrison is an international business development consultant whose career has had a major focus in the clean energy, smart building, and sustainability sectors. She has worked with companies of all sizes and areas of specialization, from concept to early-stage and maturity, on global growth strategies, branding, and product development. Lauren is interested in the integration and optimization of technologies that measurably increase energy efficiency, and the application of monitoring and data analysis that iteratively improves building processes, practices, and net functionality. As part of a leading-edge model smart city development in Asia, Lauren saw first-hand the critical imperative for global collaboration to address climate challenges as they rapidly eclipse geographic boundaries. She is passionate about expanding the conversation on this topic to include the widest possible audience of stakeholders. Our Board of Directors believes that Ms. Morrison brings a unique and valuable international perspective and clean energy experience to our Board of Directors
Mr. Xiaotian Xiao currently serves as an equity investment partner at Goldendeavor Capital covering investments in the new energy and robotic/automobile industry. Prior to that, he was the special assistant to the chairman at Hybrid Kinetic Motors (1188.HK) from May 2015 to August 2020, and the chief operation officer at Yegiaro Group, a subsidiary of Hybrid Kinetic Motors, from May 2015 to August 2020. Mr. Xiao received his Master of Business Administration degree from the Marshal School of Business, University of Southern California in 2015.
Each director holds office until the earlier of his or her death, resignation, removal from office by the stockholders, or his or her respective successor is duly elected and qualified. There are no arrangements or understandings between any of our nominees or directors and any other person pursuant to which any of our nominees or directors have been selected for their respective positions. No nominee or director is related to any executive officer or any other nominee or director.
Board Diversity Matrix (As of December 31, 2024)
| Did Not | ||||||
| Female | Male | Disclose | ||||
| Gender Identity | ||||||
| Directors | 1 | 4 | 0 | |||
| Demographic Background | ||||||
| Asian | 0 | 3 | 0 | |||
| White | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Corporate Governance
Director Attendance at Meetings of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors held two meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and executed multiple written consents to action without a meeting. Each of our incumbent directors attended at least 75.0% of the aggregate total number of meetings of our Board of Directors held during the period for which they served as a director.
Director Attendance at Annual Meetings of the Shareholders
Although we have no policy with regard to attendance by the members of our Board of Directors at our annual meetings, we invite and encourage the members of our Board of Directors to attend our annual meetings to foster communication between Shareholders and our Board of Directors.
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Stockholder Communication with the Board of Directors
Any stockholder who desires to contact members of our Board of Directors, or a specified committee of our Board of Directors, may do so by writing to: Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., Board of Directors, 1340 Reynolds Avenue, Irvine, California 92614, Attention: Secretary. Communications received will be distributed by our Secretary to such member or members of our Board of Directors as deemed appropriate by our Secretary, depending on the facts and circumstances outlined in the communication received.
Director Independence
We had five members of our Board of Directors as of December 31, 2024, of which three members are considered independent.
Committees of our Board of Directors
Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Lauren Morrison, Xiaotian Xiao and Ted Hsu. Lauren Morrison is the chairperson of the audit committee. We have determined that Lauren Morrison, Xiaotian Xiao and Ted Hsu each satisfy the “independence” requirements of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(a)(2) and meets the independence standards under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. We have determined that Ted Hsu qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things: (a) representing and assisting the Board in its oversight responsibilities regarding the Company’s accounting and financial reporting processes, the audits of the Company’s financial statements, including the integrity of the financial statements, and the independent auditors’ qualifications and independence; (b) overseeing the preparation of the report required by SEC rules for inclusion in the Company’s annual proxy statement; (c) retaining and terminating the Company’s independent auditors; (d) approving in advance all audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by the independent auditors; and (e) approving related person transactions.
Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Lauren Morrison and Ted Hsu. Ted Hsu is the chairperson of our compensation committee. We have determined that Lauren Morrison and Ted Hsu are “independent,” as such term is defined for directors and compensation committee members in the listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC. Additionally, each qualify as “non-employee directors” for purposes of Rule 16b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and as “outside directors” for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Committee has been established to: (a) assist the Board in seeing that a proper system of long-term and short-term compensation is in place to provide performance oriented incentives to attract and retain management, and that compensation plans are appropriate and competitive and properly reflect the objectives and performance of management and the Company; (b) assist the Board in discharging its responsibilities relating to compensation of the Company’s executive officers; (c) evaluate the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and set his or her remuneration package; and (d) make recommendations to the Board with respect to incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Lauren Morrison and Ted Hsu. Lauren Morrison is the chairperson of our nominating and corporate governance committee. We have determined that each of Lauren Morrison and Ted Hsu qualify as “independent” as that term is defined by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(a)(2). The Committee is responsible for: (a) assisting the Board in determining the desired experience, mix of skills and other qualities to provide for appropriate Board composition, taking into account the current Board members and the specific needs of the Company and the Board; (b) identifying qualified individuals meeting those criteria to serve on the Board; (c) proposing to the Board the Company’s slate of director nominees for election by the shareholders at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders and nominees to fill vacancies and newly created directorships; (d) reviewing candidates recommended by shareholders for election to the Board and shareholder proposals submitted for inclusion in the Company’s proxy materials; (e) advising the Board regarding the size and composition of the Board and its committees; (f) proposing to the Board directors to serve as chairpersons and members on committees of the Board; (g) coordinating matters among committees of the Board; (h) proposing to the Board the slate of corporate officers of the Company and reviewing the succession plans for the executive officers; (i) recommending to the Board and monitoring matters with respect to governance of the Company; and (j) overseeing the Company’s compliance program.
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Term of Office
Our directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders of the Company and until their successors have been elected and qualified. Our officers are elected by the board of directors and serve at the discretion of the board of directors.
Family Relationships
There are no other family relationships between any of our directors or executive officers. There are no arrangements or understandings between our directors and directors and any other person pursuant to which they were appointed as an officer and director of the Company.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
During the past ten years no current director, executive officer, promoter or control person of the Company has been involved in the following:
(1) A petition under the Federal bankruptcy laws or any state insolvency law which was filed by or against, or a receiver, fiscal agent or similar officer was appointed by a court for the business or property of such person, or any partnership in which he was a general partner at or within two years before the time of such filing, or any corporation or business association of which he was an executive officer at or within two years before the time of such filing;
(2) Such person was convicted in a criminal proceeding or is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);
(3) Such person was the subject of any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining him from, or otherwise limiting, the following activities:
i. Acting as a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, floor broker, leverage transaction merchant, any other person regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or an associated person of any of the foregoing, or as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker or dealer in securities, or as an affiliated person, director or employee of any investment company, bank, savings and loan association or insurance company, or engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice in connection with such activity;
ii. Engaging in any type of business practice; or
iii. Engaging in any activity in connection with the purchase or sale of any security or commodity or in connection with any violation of Federal or State securities laws or Federal commodities laws;
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(4) Such person was the subject of any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any Federal or State authority barring, suspending or otherwise limiting for more than 60 days the right of such person to engage in any activity described in paragraph (f)(3)(i) of this section, or to be associated with persons engaged in any such activity;
(5) Such person was found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Commission to have violated any Federal or State securities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the Commission has not been subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated;
(6) Such person was found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated any Federal commodities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has not been subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated;
(7) Such person was the subject of, or a party to, any Federal or State judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of:
i. Any Federal or State securities or commodities law or regulation; or
ii. Any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order; or
iii. Any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or
(8) Such person was the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(26))), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1(a)(29))), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.
Shareholder Communications to the Board
Shareholders who are interested in communicating directly with members of the Board, or the Board as a group, may do so by writing directly to the individual Board member c/o Secretary, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., 1340 Reynolds Avenue, Irvine, CA 92614. The Company’s Secretary will forward communications directly to the appropriate Board members. If the correspondence is not addressed to the particular member, the communication will be forwarded to a Board member to bring to the attention of the Board. The Company’s Secretary will review all communications before forwarding them to the appropriate Board member.
Director Nomination Procedures and Diversity
As outlined above, in selecting a qualified nominee, our Board of Directors considers such factors as it deems appropriate, which may include: the current composition of our Board of Directors; the range of talents of a nominee that would best complement those already represented on our Board of Directors; the extent to which a nominee would diversify our Board of Directors; a nominee’s standards of integrity, commitment and independence of thought and judgment; a nominee’s ability to represent the long-term interests of our shareholders as a whole; a nominee’s relevant expertise and experience upon which to be able to offer advice and guidance to management; a nominee who is accomplished in his or her respective field, with superior credentials and recognition; and the need for specialized expertise. While we do not have a formal diversity policy, we believe that the backgrounds and qualifications of our directors, considered as a group, should provide a significant composite mix of experience, knowledge and abilities that will allow our Board of Directors to fulfill its responsibilities. Applying these criteria, our Board of Directors considers candidates for membership on our Board of Directors suggested by its members, as well as by our Shareholders. Members of our Board of Directors annually review our Board of Directors’ composition by evaluating whether our Board of Directors has the right mix of skills, experience and backgrounds.
Our Board of Directors may also consider an assessment of its diversity, in its broadest sense, reflecting, but not limited to, age, geography, gender and ethnicity.
Our Board of Directors identifies nominees by first evaluating the current members of our Board of Directors willing to continue in service. Current members of our Board of Directors with skills and experience relevant to our business and who are willing to continue in service are considered for re-nomination. If any member of our Board of Directors does not wish to continue in service or if our Board of Directors decides not to nominate a member for re-election, our Board of Directors will review the desired skills and experience of a new nominee in light of the criteria set forth above.
Our Board of Directors also considers nominees for our Board of Directors recommended by Shareholders. Notice of proposed stockholder nominations for our Board of Directors must be delivered in accordance with the requirements set forth in our bylaws and SEC Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Nominations must include the full name of the proposed nominee, a brief description of the proposed nominee’s business experience for at least the previous five years and a representation that the nominating stockholder is a beneficial or record owner of our common stock. Any such submission must be accompanied by the written consent of the proposed nominee to be named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected. Nominations should be delivered to: Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., Board of Directors, 1340 Reynolds Avenue, Unit 120, Irvine, CA 92614, Attention: Chief Executive Officer.
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Our Board of Directors will recommend the slate of directors to be nominated for election at the annual meeting of shareholders. We have not and do not currently employ or pay a fee to any third party to identify or evaluate, or assist in identifying or evaluating, potential director nominees.
Board of Directors Role in Risk Oversight
Our Board of Directors oversees our shareholders’ interest in the long-term success of our business strategy and our overall financial strength.
Our Board of Directors is actively involved in overseeing risks associated with our business strategies and decisions. It does so, in part, through its approval of all acquisitions and business-related investments and all assumptions of debt, as well as its oversight of our executive officers pursuant to annual reviews. Our Board of Directors is also responsible for overseeing risks related to corporate governance and the selection of nominees to our Board of Directors.
In addition, the Board reviews the potential risks related to our financial reporting. The Board meets with our Chief Financial Officer and communicates with representatives of our independent registered public accounting firm on a quarterly basis to discuss and assess the risks related to our internal controls. Additionally, material violations of our Code of Ethics and related corporate policies are reported to our Board of Directors.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted our Code of Ethics, which contains general guidelines for conducting our business and is designed to help our directors, employees and independent consultants resolve ethical issues in an increasingly complex business environment. Our Code of Ethics applies to our Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, and persons performing similar functions and all members of our Board of Directors. Our Code of Ethics covers topics including, but not limited to, conflicts of interest, confidentiality of information, and compliance with laws and regulations. Shareholders may request a copy of our Code of Ethics, which will be provided without charge, by writing to: Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., Board of Directors, 1340 Reynolds Avenue, Unit 120, Irvine California 92614; Attention: Chief Executive Officer.
Compensation of Directors
The key objective of our non-employee directors’ compensation program is to attract and retain highly qualified directors with the necessary skills, experience and character to oversee our management. We currently use equity-based compensation to compensate our directors due to our restricted cash flow position; however, we may in the future provide cash compensation to our directors. The use of equity-based compensation is designed to recognize the time commitment, expertise and potential liability relating to active Board service, while aligning the interests of our Board of Directors with the long-term interests of our shareholders.
In addition to any compensation provided to our non-employee directors, which is detailed below, each non-employee director is reimbursed for any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending in-person meetings of the Board of Directors and Board committees, as well for any fees incurred in attending continuing education courses for directors.
Fiscal years 2024 and 2023 Annual Cash Compensation
We currently do not provide cash compensation to our directors and as such did not provide any cash compensation during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
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Fiscal years 2024 and 2023 Equity Compensation
Yearly Restricted Share Awards
Under the terms of the discretionary restricted share unit grant provisions of our 2006 Incentive Stock Plan and our 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the 2006 Plan and 2011 Plan, respectively, each non-employee director is eligible to receive grants of restricted common stock share awards at the discretion of our Board of Directors. These yearly restricted share unit awards vest in full on the grant date.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, there were no stock options granted.
Discretionary Grants
Under the terms of the discretionary option grant provisions of the 2006 Plan and the 2011 Plan, non-employee directors are eligible to receive stock options or other stock awards granted at the discretion of the Board of Directors. No director received stock awards pursuant to the discretionary grant program during fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.
Director Summary Compensation in fiscal years 2024 and 2023
None.
Change of Control and Termination Provisions
None.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of change in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent stockholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely upon a review of Forms 3 and 4 and amendments thereto furnished to us under Rule 16a-3(e) during the year ended December 31, 2024, Forms 5 and any amendments thereto furnished to us with respect to the year ended December 31, 2024, and the representations made by the reporting persons to us, we believe that during the year ended December 31, 2024, our executive officers and directors and all persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities complied with all Section 16(a) filing requirements, except that Xiaotian Xiao has not yet filed a Form 3.
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Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The following discussion and analysis of compensation arrangements should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures that follow. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans and expectations regarding future compensation programs. Actual compensation programs that we adopt may differ materially from the programs summarized in this discussion. The following discussion may also contain statements regarding corporate performance targets and goals. These targets and goals are disclosed in the limited context of our compensation programs and should not be understood to be statements of management’s expectations or estimates of results or other guidance. We specifically caution investors not to apply these statements to other contexts.
Summary Compensation Table – Years Ended December 31, 2024, and 2024
The following table sets forth information concerning all cash and non-cash compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to the named persons for services rendered in all capacities during the noted periods. No other executive officers received total annual salary and bonus compensation in excess of $100,000.
Summary Compensation Table
| Name and Principal | Salary | Bonus | Stock Awards | Option Awards | Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation | Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings | All Other Compensation | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Position | Year | ($)(1) | ($)(2) | ($)(3) | ($)(4) | ($) | ($) | ($)(5) | ($) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kambiz Mahdi (6) | 2023 | $ | 275,000 | $ | 137,500 | $ | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 18,000 | $ | 430,500 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | 2024 | $ | 275,000 | $ | 137,500 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 18,000 | $ | 430,500 | |||||||||||||||||
| Calvin Pang (7) Chief Financial Officer | 2023 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 75,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 225,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | $ | 150,000 | $ | 75,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 225,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lance Woolley(8) | 2023 | 142,500 | 7,641 | $ | 150,141 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dir. Of operations | 2024 | 190,284 | 7,988 | $ | 198,272 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jamie Burrows(9) | 2023 | 180,244 | 6,880 | $ | 187,124 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dir. Of manufacturing | 2024 | 180,244 | 6,880 | $ | 187,124 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | The dollar value of salary (cash and non-cash) earned. |
| (2) | The dollar value of bonus (cash and non-cash) earned. |
| (3) | The value of the shares of common stock issued as compensation for services computed in accordance with ASC 718 on the date of grant. |
| (4) | The value of all stock options computed in accordance with ASC 718 on the date of grant. |
| (5) | All other compensation received that could not be properly reported in any other column of the table; consists of (i) $750.00 per month for health insurance and $750.00 per month for a car allowance for Mr. Mahdi, (ii) $316 per month for health insurance and $350 per month for a car allowance for Mr. Wooley, and (iii) $463 per month for health insurance and $110 per month for a phone allowance for Mr. Burrows. |
| (6) | On or about October 18, 2018, we entered into an at-will employment agreement with Mr. Mahdi, providing Mr. Mahdi an annual salary of $275,000, and a 50% cash bonus upon approval by the board of directors. The agreement may be terminated at any time. |
| (7) | On or about March 24, 2023, we entered into an at-will employment agreement with Mr. Pang, providing Mr. Pang an annual salary of $150,000, and a 50% cash bonus upon approval by the board of directors. The agreement may be terminated at any time. |
| (8) | Non-executive officer of the Company (disclosure for Mr. Wooley included per Item 402(a)(3)(iv) of Regulation S-K). On or about March 30, 2023, we entered into an at-will employment with Mr. Woolley as the director of operations, providing Mr. Woolley an annual salary of $190,284. |
| (9) | Non-executive officer of the Company (disclosure for Mr. Burrows included per Item 402(a)(3)(iv) of Regulation S-K). On or about December 17, 2015, we entered into an at-will employment with Mr. Burrows as the director of manufacturing, providing Mr. Burrows an annual salary of $165,000. On or about August 29, 2022, Mr. Burrows received a salary increase to $180,244. |
Outstanding Equity Awards at 2023 Fiscal Year-End
There are no outstanding options or stock awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2024.
Executive Employment Agreements
On October 18, 2018, we entered into an at-will employment agreement with Mr. Mahdi, with an annual salary of $275,000, a payment of 50% cash bonus upon approval by the board of directors, and $750.00 per month for health insurance, and $750.00 for a car allowance. This agreement may be terminated at any time. In addition, as part of the agreement Mr. Mahdi was issued 833 shares of our common stock, as additional compensation.
On March 24, 2023, we entered into an at-will employment agreement with Mr. Pang, with an annual salary of $150,000. This agreement may be terminated at any time.
Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control
Severance Benefits
Mr. Mahdi will receive a severance benefit consisting of a single lump sum cash payment equal the salary that Mr. Mahdi would have been entitled to receive through the remainder or the Employment Period or One (1) year, whichever is greater.
Mr. Pang will receive a severance benefit consisting of a single lump sum cash payment equal the salary that Mr. Pang would have been entitled to receive through the remainder or the Employment Period or One (1) year, whichever is greater.
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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock and voting preferred stock as of March 31, 2025, for (i) each of our named executive officers and directors; (ii) all of our named executive officers and directors as a group; and (iii) each other shareholder known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding common stock. The following table assumes that the underwriters have not exercised the over-allotment option.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with SEC rules and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. For purposes of this table, a person or group of persons is deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of any shares of common stock that such person or any member of such group has the right to acquire within sixty (60) days thereafter. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares of our common stock held by each person or group of persons named above, any shares that such person or persons has the right to acquire within sixty (60) days are deemed to be outstanding for such person, but not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The inclusion herein of any shares listed as beneficially owned does not constitute an admission of beneficial ownership by any person.
The percentages below are calculated based on 3,165,229 shares of our common stock, and 0 shares of our series E preferred stock, issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025. We do not have any outstanding options, warrants exercisable for, or other securities convertible into shares of our common stock within the next 60 days which are deemed beneficially owned by the holder thereof, which are required to be disclosed below. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is care of our company, Clean Energy Technologies, Inc., 1340 Reynolds Avenue, Unit 120, Irvine, California, 92614.
| Name of Beneficial Owners (1) | Number of Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned | Percentage | ||||||
| 5% Holders | ||||||||
| Calvin Pang (1) | 1,602,940 | 50.64 | ||||||
| Officers and Directors | ||||||||
| Calvin Pang(1) | 1,602,940 | 50.64 | % | |||||
| Kambiz Mahdi (2) | 154,503 | 4.88 | % | |||||
| All directors and officers as a group | 1,757,443 | 55.52 | % | |||||
| (1) | Consists of 1,602,940 shares of common stock held by MGW Investment I Limited (“MGWI”). Our CFO and director, Calvin Pang, has voting and investment power with respect to common stock held by MGW Investment I Limited |
| (2) | Consists of 154,503 shares of common stock held by the Kambiz and Bahareh Mahdi Living Trust, and deemed to be beneficially owned by our CEO and director, Kambiz Mahdi, and his spouse, Bahareh Mahdi, as trustees of the trust. |
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Director Independence
We have five members of our Board of Directors, of which three members qualify as “independent” under the listing rules of the Nasdaq.
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Review of Related Person Transactions
Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics provides guidance for addressing actual or potential conflicts of interests, including those that may arise from transactions and relationships between us and our executive officers or directors, such as:
| ● | Business transaction between the company and any executive are prohibited, unless otherwise approved by the Board; | |
| ● | Activities that may interfere with an executive’s performance in carrying out company responsibilities; | |
| ● | Activities that call for the use of the company’s influence, resources or facilities; and | |
| ● | Activities that may discredit the name or reputation of the company. |
We have various procedures in place to identify potential related person transactions, and the Board of Directors and a separate compliance committee work together in reviewing and considering whether any identified transactions or relationships are covered by the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.
Transactions with Related Persons
Please see note 10 in the notes to the financial statement for a discussion on transactions with related parties.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The aggregate fees billed to us by our principal accountant (TAAD LLP) for services rendered during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are set forth in the table below:
| Services: | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Audit Fees (1) | $ | 307,611 | $ | 231,815 | ||||
| Audit Related Fees (2) | - | |||||||
| Tax Fees (3) | - | |||||||
| All Other fees | - | - | ||||||
| Total | $ | 307,611 | $ | 231,815 | ||||
| (1) | Audit fees billed in 2024 and 2023 consisted of fees related to the audit of our annual financial statements, reviews of our quarterly financial statements, and statutory and regulatory audits, consent and other services related to filings with the SEC. |
| (2) | Audit-related fees related to financial accounting and reporting consultations, assurance and related services. |
| (3) | Tax services consist of tax compliance and tax planning and advice. |
The Board of Directors pre-approves all auditing services and permitted non-audit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed for us by our independent registered public accounting firm, subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in Section 10A(i)(1)(b) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC. All services rendered by our principal auditor for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, were pre-approved in accordance with the policies and procedures described above.
Auditor Independence
The Board of Directors has considered whether the provision of the above noted services is compatible with maintaining our independent registered public accounting firm’s independence and has concluded that the provision of such services has not adversely affected the independent registered public accounting firm’s independence.
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Board of Directors Audit Report to Shareholders
Since we do have a standing Audit Committee our full Board of Directors oversees our financial reporting process. Our management has the primary responsibility for our financial statements as well as our financial reporting process, principles and internal controls. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for performing an audit of our financial statements and expressing an opinion as to the conformity of such financial statements with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
In this context, the Board of Directors has reviewed and discussed our audited financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, with management and the independent registered public accounting firm. The Board of Directors has discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the matters required to be discussed by the Statement on Auditing Standards No. 61, Professional Standards, as amended. In addition, the Board of Directors has received the written disclosures and the letter from the independent registered public accounting firm required by Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1, Independence Discussions with Audit Committees, as currently in effect, and it has discussed their independence with us.
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)(1) Financial Statements:
The consolidated financial statements and the related notes are included in Item 8 herein.
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule:
All schedules have been omitted as the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.
(a)(3) Exhibits:
The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index (following the signatures section of this report) are included, or incorporated by reference, in this annual report.
(b) Exhibits:
See Item 15(a)(3) above.
(c) Financial Statement Schedule:
All schedules have been omitted as the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| REGISTRANT | ||
| CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Kambiz Mahdi | |
| Kambiz Mahdi | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Date: June 4, 2026 | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
| Signature | Title | ||
| /s/ Kambiz Mahdi | Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| By: | Kambiz Mahdi | (principal executive officer) | |
| Date: | June 4, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Calvin Pang | Chief Financial Officer and Director | ||
| By: | Calvin Pang | (principal financial and accounting officer) | |
| Date: | June 4, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Lauren Morrison | Director | ||
| By: | Lauren Morrison | ||
| Date: | June 4, 2026 | ||
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EXHIBIT INDEX
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* Filed herewith
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