Covista Inc 8-K, filed Nov 29, 2023
Covista Inc. (CVSA)
8-K
2023-11-29
For: 2023-11-27
View Original
Added on
April 10, 2026
About this 8-K
Covista Inc filed this 8-K on November 29, 2023, reporting on events of November 27, 2023.
Items reported
- Item 5.03: Charter or bylaw amendment, or fiscal year change
- Item 9.01: Financial statements and exhibits
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): November 27, 2023
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
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(Commission
File Number)
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(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
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(312 ) (651-1400 )
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the
following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class
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Trading Symbol |
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Name of each exchange on which registered
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or
Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
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Item 5.03
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Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.
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Effective as of November 27, 2023, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Adtalem Global Education Inc. (“Adtalem” or “the Company”) adopted Amended and
Restated By-Laws that are filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K (the “Amended By-Laws”). A copy of the Amended By-Laws marked to show changes to the prior By-Laws is filed as Exhibit 3.2 hereto. The Amended By-Laws were adopted as
part of a periodic review and update of the bylaws, but also partially in connection with revisions to address the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules regarding universal proxy cards.
Among other things, the Amended By-Laws:
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Address matters relating to SEC Rule 14a-19 (the “Universal Proxy Rules”), including: (i) providing that stockholders delivering a notice of nomination certify to
the Company in writing that they have complied with the Universal Proxy Rules requirements, (ii) providing the Company a remedy if a stockholder fails to satisfy the Universal Proxy Rules requirements, (iii) requiring that a stockholder
providing notice pursuant to the advance notice provisions of the Amended Bylaws to inform the Company if a stockholder no longer plans to solicit proxies in accordance with the Universal Proxy Rules, and (iv) requiring stockholders
intending to use the Universal Proxy Rules to provide reasonable evidence of the satisfaction of the requirements under the Universal Proxy Rules at least five business days before the meeting;
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Require that a stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders use a proxy card color other than white; and
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Revise the procedural requirements set forth in the “advance notice” provisions of the Amended Bylaws to require notice of matters proposed to be brought before a
stockholders’ meeting to be delivered to the Company not less than 120 nor more than 150 days prior to the anniversary date of the prior year’s annual meeting (rather than simply not less than 90 days prior to the date of the prior year’s
annual meeting).
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Item 9.01
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Financial Statements and Exhibits
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
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ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC.
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By:
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/s/ Douglas G. Beck
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Douglas G. Beck
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Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
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Date: November 29, 2023
Exhibit 3.1
AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS
OF
ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC.
(as amended November 27, 2023)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. The registered office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware and the name and
address of its registered agent is The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801. When the registered agent is not a natural person, the Corporation shall designate a natural person to receive communications from the
registered agent. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Time and Place of Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the stockholders for the purpose of electing Directors or for the
transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting shall be held on such date, time and place (or may not be held at any place, but instead be held solely by means of remote communications) as may be fixed by resolution of the
Board of Directors adopted at least ten days prior to the date so fixed, for the purpose of electing Directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting. If, in any year, the Board of Directors shall not
fix an annual meeting date, then the date, place and time of the annual meeting in such year shall be the second Tuesday of November at the principal office of the Corporation at the hour of 11:00 A.M. (Chicago time). If the date of the annual
meeting shall be a legal holiday in the State where such meeting is to be held, such meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day.
Section 2. Time and Place of Special Meetings. Except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders may be called only in
accordance with the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and shall be held at the date, time and place (or may not be held at any place, but instead may be held by means of remote communication) fixed by the Board or the Board Chair.
Section 3. Notice of Meetings. Written notice of each meeting of the stockholders stating the place, if any (or the means of remote
communication, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting), date and time of the meeting shall be given not less than ten (or less than twenty days if a merger or consolidation of the Corporation, or
a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation's property or assets, is to be acted upon at the meeting) nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The
notice of any special meeting of stockholders shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
Section 4. Quorum. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented
by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business, except as otherwise provided by law. If a quorum is not present or represented, the presiding officer at the meeting or the holders of the stock
present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereat, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of such stock, shall have power to adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place, if any, or the means of
remote communication, if any, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the subsequent withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a
quorum. At such adjourned meeting, at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the
adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
Section 5. Voting.
(a) Except as may otherwise be required by law or these By-Laws, or permitted by the rules of any stock exchange on which the Corporation's shares
are listed and traded, any question brought before any meeting of the stockholders, other than the election of Directors, shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of votes of the Corporation's capital stock
represented and entitled to vote on such question at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present, voting as a single class.
(b) Directors of the Corporation in a contested election (i.e., where the number of nominees for Director exceeds the number of Directors to be
elected) shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the Corporation's capital stock represented and entitled to vote in the election of Directors at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present. However, in an uncontested election
(i.e., where the number of nominees for Director is the same as the number of Directors to be elected), Directors shall be elected by the vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of votes of the Corporation's capital stock represented
and entitled to vote in the election of Directors at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present. In the event that a nominee for re-election as a Director fails to receive the requisite majority vote at an annual or special meeting held
for the purpose of electing Directors where the election is uncontested, such Director must, promptly following certification of the stockholder vote, tender his or her resignation to the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary, subject to
acceptance by the Board of Directors. The Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors, or such other group of independent members of the Board of Directors as is determined by the entire Board of Directors (excluding the Director
who tendered the resignation) will evaluate any such resignation in light of the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders and will make a recommendation to the entire Board of Directors as to whether to accept or reject the resignation,
or whether other action should be taken. In reaching its decision, the Board of Directors may consider any factors it deems relevant, including the Director's qualifications, the Director's past and expected future contributions to the Corporation,
the overall composition of the Board of Directors and whether accepting the tendered resignation would cause the Corporation to fail to meet any applicable law, rule or regulation (including the listing requirements of any securities exchange). The
Board of Directors shall complete this process within 90 days after the certification of the stockholder vote and shall report its decision to the stockholders in the Corporation's filing following such Board decision.
Section 6. Informal Action By Stockholders. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be
effected at a duly called annual or special meetings of such holders and may not be effected by a consent in writing by any such holders.
Section 7. Voting Procedures and Inspectors of Elections.
(a) The Corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written
report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall
appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the
best of his or her ability.
(b) The inspectors shall (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, (ii) determine the shares represented at a
meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their
determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting, and their count of all votes and ballots. The inspectors may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the inspectors in the performance of the duties of the inspectors.
(c) The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be
announced at the meeting. No ballot, proxies or votes, nor any revocations thereof or changes thereto, shall be accepted by the inspectors after the closing of the polls unless the Court of Chancery upon application by a stockholder shall determine
otherwise.
(d) In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots, the inspectors shall be limited to an examination of the proxies, any
envelopes submitted with those proxies, any information provided in accordance with Sec. 212(c)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, ballots and the regular books and records of the Corporation, except that the inspectors may consider other
reliable information for the limited purpose of reconciling proxies and ballots submitted by or on behalf of banks, brokers, their nominees or similar persons which represent more votes than the holder of a proxy is authorized by the record owner to
cast or more votes than the stockholder holds of record. If the inspectors consider other reliable information for the limited purpose permitted herein, the inspectors at the time they make their certification pursuant to subsection (b)(v) of this
Section 7 shall specify the precise information considered by them including the person or persons from whom they obtained the information, when the information was obtained and the basis for the inspectors' belief that such information is accurate
and reliable.
(e ) If the presiding officer of an annual or special meeting determines that any business proposed by a stockholder is not properly brought
before such meeting, or any nomination by a stockholder was not properly made (including satisfying the information requirements set forth herein with accurate and complete information), he or she will so declare to the meeting and any such business
will not be conducted or considered and any such nomination will be disregarded (and any proposed nominee shall be disqualified). Additionally, if a stockholder provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act and
subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) and Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act, including the provision to the Corporation of notices required thereunder in a timely manner (as modified pursuant to
these By-laws), then the Corporation shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for such nominees (and any such nominees shall be disqualified). Proxies received for disqualified or withdrawn nominees will be treated as abstentions rather than
disregarded votes.
Section 8. Advance Notification of Proposals at Stockholders Meeting.
(a) If a stockholder desires to submit a proposal for consideration at an annual stockholders meeting, or to nominate persons for election as
Directors at any stockholders meeting duly called for the election of Directors, written notice of such stockholder's intent to make such a proposal or nomination must be given and received by the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation either by personal delivery or by United States mail by 5 P.M. (Chicago Time) not later than (i) with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, not less than 120 nor more than 150 days prior to the
anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders, and (ii) with respect to a special meeting of stockholders duly called for the election of Directors, on the tenth day following the date on which notice of such meeting is
first sent or given to stockholders. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of a stockholders' meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described above. Each notice shall
describe the proposal, nomination or nominations in sufficient detail for the proposal, nomination or nominations to be summarized on the agenda for the meeting and shall set forth:
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as to the stockholder giving the notice and any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), (A) the name and address, as it appears on the books of the Corporation, of
the stockholder and such Stockholder Associated Person and, if different, their current names and addresses and (B) the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person and a copy of the
prospectus, offering memorandum or similar document, if any, provided to investors or potential investors in such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person;
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a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the
meeting to present such proposal or nomination;
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as to the stockholder giving the notice and any Stockholder Associated Person, (A) the class and number of all shares of the Corporation which are owned of record by such
stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person, if any, (B) the class and number of, and the nominee holder for, any shares of the Corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person,
if any; and (C) a description of all Derivative Transactions (as defined below) by such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person during the previous 12-month period, including the date of the transactions and the class and number of
securities involved in, and the material economic terms of, the transactions, such description also to include all information that such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person would be required to report on an Insider Report (as defined
below) if such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person were a Director of the Corporation or the beneficial owner of more than ten percent of the shares of the Corporation at the time of the transactions;
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a statement whether or not the stockholder will deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy (in which case the stockholder must use a proxy card
color other than white, which shall be reserved for the Board of Directors) to holders of at least the percentage of voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of
directors required under applicable law to carry such proposal; and
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to the extent known by the stockholder giving the notice, the name and address of any other person who owns, beneficially or of record, any shares of stock of the Corporation
and who supports the proposal of such business, the nomination or the nominations on the date of such stockholder's notice.
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(b) In addition to the requirements in clause (a) above, in the case of a stockholder proposal, the notice shall set forth the reasons for
conducting such proposed business at the meeting and any material interest of the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person in such business.
(c) In addition to the requirements in clause (a) above, in the case of a nomination or the nominations of any person for election as a Director,
the notice shall set forth: (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of any person to be nominated; (ii) the principal occupation or employment of such person; (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings, including all
compensation and financial arrangements, between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder; (iii) such other
information required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"); and (iv) the consent of each nominee to serve as a Director of the Corporation if so
elected.
(d) The procedures set forth in this Section 8 shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to bring business before an annual stockholders
meeting, or to nominate persons for election as Directors at any stockholders meeting duly called for the election of Directors; provided, however, that, once business has been properly brought before an annual meeting or a special meeting duly
called for the election of Directors in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 8 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. The presiding officer of the annual or special meeting shall, if the
facts warrant, refuse to acknowledge a proposal or nomination not made in compliance with the foregoing procedure, or if the stockholder has violated Section 11 of Article II of the By-laws, and any such proposal or nomination not properly brought
before the meeting shall not be considered.
(e) If information submitted pursuant to this Section 8 shall be inaccurate to any material extent, such information may be deemed not to have
been provided in accordance with this Section 8. Any information previously submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 8 shall be supplemented by such stockholder and Stockholder Associated Person, if any, not later than ten days after
the record date for the annual meeting or special meeting duly called for the election of Directors in order to disclose any material change in such information as of the record date. If a stockholder fails to provide such written update within such
period, the information as to which written update was required may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 8.
(f) To be eligible to be a nominee for election as a Director of the Corporation, an individual must additionally deliver (in accordance with the
time periods for delivery of notice prescribed above) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (i) a completed written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such nominee (which questionnaire
shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request), (ii) a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (A) is not and will not become a party to (x) any agreement,
arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a "Voting Commitment") that has
not been disclosed to the Corporation or (y) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person's ability to comply, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, with such person's fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not
and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action
as a Director that has not been disclosed therein, (C) in such person's individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, and
will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation, (iii) a written representation (in the form provided by the
Secretary upon written request) that such person intends to serve as Director of the Corporation for the term for which such person is nominated for election; and (iv) such other information the Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish
to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.
(g) For purposes of this Section 8:
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a "Stockholder Associated Person" of any stockholder shall mean (A) any person controlling, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with, such stockholder, (B) any
beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder and (C) any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such stockholder or a Stockholder Associated Person as
defined in the foregoing clauses (A) and (B);
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(ii) "Derivative Transaction" by a person shall mean any (A) transaction in, or arrangement, agreement or understanding with
respect to, any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right or similar right with an exercise, conversion or exchange privilege, or settlement payment or mechanism related to, any security of the Corporation, or any similar
instrument with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of a security of the Corporation, in any such case whether or not it is subject to settlement in a security of the Corporation or otherwise and (B) any transaction, arrangement,
agreement or understanding which included or includes an opportunity for such person, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of any security of the Corporation, to mitigate any
loss or manage any risk associated with any increase or decrease in the value of any security of the Corporation or to increase or decrease the number of securities of the Corporation which such person was, is or will be entitled to vote, in any
case whether or not it is subject to settlement in a security of the Corporation or otherwise; and
(iii) "Insider Report" shall mean a statement required to be filed pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act (or any
successor provisions), by a person who is a Director of the Corporation or who is directly or indirectly the beneficial owner of more than ten percent of the shares of the Corporation.
(h) This Section 8 is expressly intended to constitute an “advance notice provision” for annual meeting for purposes of Exchange Act Rule
14a-4(c)(1) and to apply to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting or a special meeting of stockholders duly called for the election of Directors other than any proposal made pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. In
addition to the requirements of this Section 8 with respect to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, each stockholder submitting
such business before an annual meeting of stockholders shall comply with all applicable requirements of state law and of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 8. Nothing in
this Section 8 shall be deemed to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation's proxy statement pursuant to
Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
Section 9. Record Dates.
(a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any
adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty
nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting (or less than twenty days if a merger or consolidation of the Corporation, or a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation's property or assets, is to be acted upon at
the meeting). If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the next day preceding the day on
which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
(b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment
of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not
precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall not be more than sixty days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose
shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
(c) Only those who shall be stockholders of record on the record date so fixed as aforesaid shall be entitled to such notice of, and to vote at,
such meeting and any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of such dividend or other distribution, or to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding the transfer of any stock on the books of
the Corporation after the applicable record date.
Section 10. Lists of Stockholders. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days
before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Nothing in this
Section 10 shall require the Corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of
at least ten days prior to the meeting, either on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting or, during ordinary business hours, at the
principal place of business of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then a list of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and
may be examined by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then such list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably
accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may
take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation.
Section 11. Use and Solicitation of Proxies.
(a) Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of the stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy, but no proxy shall be valid after three years from
its date unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Such proxy shall be in writing or remote communication and shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation before or at the time of the meeting or the giving of such written consent, as the
case may be.
(b) If a stockholder providing notice under Section 8 of Article II of these By-laws intends to engage in proxy solicitation with respect to any business proposed to be brought before a
stockholders meeting (including a nomination of a person to serve on the Board of Directors), that stockholder shall advise the Secretary of that intention at the time of requesting a special meeting or at the time of submitting notice under
Section 8 of Article II of these By-laws and, if applicable, at the time of any update(s) or correction(s) to information that previously has been provided to the Secretary. If a stockholder does intend to solicit proxies, the stockholder shall
provide: (1) a statement disclosing the name of each participant in such solicitation (as defined in Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act); (2) in the case of a proposal other than the nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors, a
representation whether such stockholder intends (or is part of a group that intends) to deliver a proxy statement or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s voting shares required under applicable law to approve the
proposal; and (3) in the case of a nomination, a representation in accordance with Exchange Act Rule 14a-19 that such stockholder intends to solicit and deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to the holders of shares representing at least 67%
of the voting power of
the shares entitled to vote on the election of directors in support of director nominees other than the Corporation’s nominees. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a stockholder no longer plans to solicit proxies in accordance with its
representation pursuant to either clause (2) or (3) of the preceding sentence, the stockholder shall promptly inform the Corporation of this change through delivering a statement to that effect to the Secretary.
(c) With respect to the solicitation of proxies for any business to be brought before a stockholders meeting, a stockholder must comply in
all respects with the requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and, specifically, in the case of a proposal for the nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors, shall comply, if
applicable, with the requirements of Exchange Act Rule 14a-19 (as such rule and regulations may be amended from time to time by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including any SEC Staff interpretations relating thereto). In connection
therewith, any stockholder who conducts a proxy solicitation subject to Rule 14a-19 shall deliver to the Secretary, no later than five (5) business days prior to the stockholders meeting or any adjournment, rescheduling, postponement or other delay
thereof, reasonable evidence that it has complied with such requirements. In the case of a proposal for the nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors, the Board of Directors or an executive officer designated thereby shall
determine whether the stockholder has satisfied the requirements of Section 8 of Article II of these By-laws and shall so advise the presiding officer of the meeting so that the appropriate action, if any, may be taken by that officer pursuant to
Section 7 of Article II of these By-laws.
(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11, unless otherwise required by law, no stockholder shall solicit proxies in
support of director nominees other than the Corporation’s nominees unless such stockholder has complied with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act in connection with the solicitation of such proxies, including the provision to the
Corporation of notices required thereunder in a timely manner (as modified pursuant to these By-laws.)
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 8 and 14 of Article II of these By-laws, a stockholder must also comply with all applicable
requirements of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8 and 14 of Article II of these By-laws, including, for the avoidance of doubt, but not limited to, Rule 14a-19
of the Exchange Act with respect to nominations. Nothing in Sections 8 or 14 of Article II of these By-laws will be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement in accordance with
the provisions of Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Exchange Act.
(f) Any stockholder (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any stockholder providing notice under Section 8 of Article II of these By-laws) directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from
other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the exclusive use by the Board of Directors.
Section 12. Voting by Ballot. Any question or any election at a meeting of the stockholders may be decided by voice vote unless the presiding
officer shall order that voting be by ballot or unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or required by statute.
Section 13. Meetings by Remote Communication. If authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines
and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication, participate in the meeting and be deemed present in person and vote at the
meeting of stockholders, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (a) the Corporation shall
implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxyholder, (b) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such
stockholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such
proceedings and (c) if any stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation.
Section 14. Proxy Access for Director Nominations.
(a) Inclusion in Proxy Statement. The Corporation shall include in its proxy statement for an annual meeting of stockholders the name, together
with the Required Information (as defined below), of any person nominated for election (a “Stockholder Nominee”) to the Board of Directors by a stockholder that satisfies, or by a group of no more than twenty stockholders that, collectively, satisfy,
the requirements of this Section 14 (an “Eligible Stockholder”), and that expressly elects at the time of providing the notice required by this Section 14 (the “Nomination Notice”) to have its nominee or nominees included in the Corporation’s proxy
materials pursuant to this Section 14.
(b) Timeliness. To be timely, a stockholder’s Nomination Notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary of the Corporation at
the principal executive offices of the Corporation either by personal delivery or by United States mail by 5 P.M. (Chicago Time) not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting
of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting date established is not within thirty days before or after the anniversary date of the prior annual meeting, in order to be timely the Nomination Notice must be so received
by 5 P.M. (Chicago Time) not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs. In
addition to the other requirements of this Section 14, the Nomination Notice must include the name and address of the Eligible Stockholder (including each stockholder whose stock ownership is counted for purposes of qualifying as an Eligible
Stockholder).
(c) Required Information. For purposes of this Section 14, the “Required Information” that the Corporation will include in its proxy statement is
(i) the information concerning the Stockholder Nominee and the Eligible Stockholder that the Corporation determines is required to be disclosed in the Corporation’s proxy statement by the regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act; and (ii) if
the Eligible Stockholder so elects, a Statement (as defined in Section 14(g)). To be timely, the Required Information must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary of the Corporation within thirty days after the deadline for Nomination
Notices set forth in Section 14(b).
(d) Number of Stockholder Nominees. The number of Stockholder Nominees (including Stockholder Nominees that were submitted by an Eligible
Stockholder for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 14 but are subsequently withdrawn or nominated as a Board of Directors’ nominee) appearing in the Corporation’s proxy materials with respect to an annual meeting
of stockholders shall not exceed the greater of (i) two or (ii) twenty percent of the number of Directors in office as of the last day on which a Nomination Notice may be delivered pursuant to this Section 14, or if such amount is not a whole number,
the closest whole number below twenty percent (the “Permitted Number”); provided that (A) if one or more vacancies for any reason occurs on the Board of Directors at any time after the deadline for Nomination Notices set forth in Section 14(b) and
before the date of the applicable annual meeting of stockholders and the Board of Directors resolves to reduce the size of the Board of Directors in connection therewith, the Permitted Number shall be calculated based on the number of Directors in
office as so reduced and (B) the Permitted Number shall be reduced by (1) any nominees who were previously elected to the Board of Directors as Stockholder Nominees at any of the preceding three annual meetings and who are nominated for election at
such annual meeting by the Board of Directors as a Board of Directors’ nominee and (2) any Directors in office or Director candidates that in either case will be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials with respect to such an annual meeting as
an unopposed (by the Corporation) nominee pursuant to an agreement, arrangement or other understanding between the Corporation and a stockholder or group of stockholders (other than any such agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into in
connection with an acquisition of capital stock, by such stockholder or group of stockholders, from the Corporation). If the number of Stockholder Nominees submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section 14 exceeds the Permitted Number,
each Eligible Stockholder shall select one of its Stockholder Nominees for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials, with preference provided based on the amount (largest to smallest) of shares of the capital stock of the Corporation each
Eligible Stockholder disclosed as owned in its respective Nomination Notice submitted to the Corporation, until the Permitted Number is reached, and all remaining Stockholder Nominees in excess of the Permitted Number shall be excluded from the
Corporation’s proxy materials.
(e) Ownership for Purposes of Section 14. For purposes of this Section 14, an Eligible Stockholder shall be deemed to “own” only those outstanding
shares of the capital stock of the Corporation as to which the stockholder possesses both (i) the full voting and investment rights pertaining to the shares and (ii) the full economic interest in (including the opportunity for profit and risk of loss
on) such shares; provided that the number of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (i) and (ii) shall not include any shares (A) sold by such stockholder or any of its affiliates in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, (B)
borrowed by such stockholder or any of its affiliates for any purposes or purchased by such stockholder or any of its affiliates pursuant to an agreement to resell or (C) subject to any option, warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale, or
other derivative or similar agreement entered into by such stockholder or any of its affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of shares of outstanding capital
stock of the Corporation, in any such case which instrument or agreement has, or is intended to have, the purpose or effect of (1) reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in the future, such stockholder’s or its affiliates’ full right to
vote or direct the voting of any such shares, and/or (2) hedging, offsetting or altering to any degree gain or loss arising from the full economic ownership of such shares by such stockholder or affiliate. A stockholder shall “own” shares held in the
name of a nominee or other intermediary so long as the stockholder retains the right to instruct how the shares are voted with respect to the election of Directors and possesses the full economic interest in the shares. A person’s ownership of shares
shall be deemed to continue during any period in which (i) the person has loaned such shares, provided that the person has the power to recall such loaned shares on not more than five business days’ notice, or (ii) the person has delegated any voting
power by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement that is revocable at any time by the person. The terms “owned,” “owning” and other variations of the word “own” shall have correlative meanings. Whether outstanding
shares of the capital stock of the Corporation are “owned” for these purposes shall be determined by the Board of Directors, which determination shall be conclusive and binding on the Corporation and its stockholders. For purposes of this Section 14,
the term “affiliate” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act. An Eligible Stockholder shall include in its Nomination Notice the number of shares it is deemed to own for the purposes of this Section
14.
(f) Eligible Stockholder. An Eligible Stockholder must have owned (as defined in Section 14(e)) continuously for at least three years that number
of shares of capital stock as shall constitute three percent or more of the outstanding capital stock of the Corporation (the “Required Shares”) as of both (i) a date within seven calendar days prior to the date of the Nomination Notice and (ii) the
record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting. For purposes of satisfying the ownership requirements under this Section 14, (i) the shares of the capital stock of the Corporation owned by one or more stockholders, or
by the person or persons who own shares of the capital stock of the Corporation and on whose behalf any stockholder is acting, may be aggregated, provided that the number of stockholders and other persons whose ownership of shares of capital stock of
the Corporation is aggregated for such purpose shall not exceed twenty, and (ii) two or more related funds will be treated as one stockholder or person for this purpose if such funds are (A) under common management and investment control, or (B)
under common management and funded by a single employer, or (C) a “group of investment companies” as such term is defined in section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. No person may be a member of more than one group
of persons constituting an Eligible Stockholder under this Section 14. Within the time period specified in this Section 14 for providing the Nomination Notice, an Eligible Stockholder must provide the following information in writing to the Secretary
of the Corporation:
| (i) |
one or more written statements from each record holder of the shares (and from each intermediary through which the shares are or have been held during the requisite
three-year holding period) verifying that, as of a date within seven calendar days prior to the date of the Nomination Notice, the Eligible Stockholder owns, and has owned continuously for the preceding three years, the Required Shares, and
the Eligible Stockholder’s agreement to provide, within three business days after the record date for the annual meeting, written statements from the record holder and intermediaries verifying the Eligible Stockholder’s continuous ownership
of the Required Shares through the record date and, in the case of loaned shares, a written statement to the effect that the person will recall such loaned shares prior to the record date for the annual meeting and hold such shares on the
record date or will revoke delegated voting authority with respect to such shares and vote such shares at the annual meeting, and, in the case of shares held by two or more related funds, documentation that demonstrates to the reasonable
satisfaction of the Corporation that the funds are (A) under common management and investment control, or (B) under common management and funded by a single employer, or (C) a “group of investment companies” as such term is defined in
section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
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| (ii) |
the written consent of each Stockholder Nominee to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected;
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| (iii) |
a copy of the Schedule 14N that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Rule 14a-18 under the Exchange Act, as such rule may be amended;
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| (iv) |
a representation that the Eligible Stockholder (including each member of any group of stockholders that together is an Eligible Stockholder under this Section 14) (A) acquired
the Required Shares in the ordinary course of business and not with the intent to change or influence control at the Corporation, and does not presently have such intent, (B) has not nominated and will not nominate for election to the Board
of Directors at the annual meeting any person other than the Stockholder Nominee(s) being nominated pursuant to this Section 14, (C) has not engaged and will not engage in, and has not and will not be a “participant” in another person’s,
“solicitation” within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a Director at the annual meeting other than its Stockholder Nominee or a nominee of the Board of Directors, (D) will not
distribute to any stockholder any form of proxy for the annual meeting other than the form distributed by the Corporation, (E) intends to own the Required Shares through the date of the annual meeting, (F) will provide facts, statements and
other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders that are or will be true and correct in all material respects and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and (G) otherwise will comply with all applicable laws, rules, regulations and listing standards in connection with any actions taken pursuant to this Section 14;
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| (v) |
in the case of a nomination by a group of stockholders that together is an Eligible Stockholder, the designation by all group members of one group member that is authorized to
act on behalf of all members of the nominating stockholder group with respect to the nomination and matters thereto, including withdrawal of the nomination; and
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| (vi) |
an undertaking that the Eligible Stockholder (including each member of any group of stockholders that together is an Eligible Stockholder) agrees to (A) assume all liability
stemming from any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the Eligible Stockholder’s communications with the stockholders of the Corporation or out of the information that the Eligible Stockholder provided to the Corporation, (B)
indemnify and hold harmless the Corporation and each of its Directors, officers and employees individually against any liability, loss or damages in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding, whether legal,
administrative or investigative, against the Corporation or any of its Directors, officers, or employees arising out of any nomination submitted by the Eligible Stockholder pursuant to this Section 14, (C) comply with all other laws, rules,
regulations and listing standards applicable to any solicitation in connection with the annual meeting, and (D) provide to the Corporation prior to the annual meeting such additional information as necessary with respect thereto, including
prompt notice if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to own any of the Required Shares prior to the date of the annual meeting of stockholders and if any information or communications provided by the Eligible Stockholder to the Corporation ceases
to be true and correct in any respect or omits a fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, each Eligible Stockholder shall promptly notify the Secretary of the
Corporation of any such inaccuracy or omission in such previously provided information and of the information that is required to make such information or communication true and correct.
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(g) Statement. The Eligible Stockholder may provide to the Secretary of the Corporation, within the time period specified in this Section 14 for
providing the Nomination Notice, a written statement for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy statement for the annual meeting, not to exceed five hundred words (excluding biographical and other information required to be disclosed in the
corporation’s proxy statement by the regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act), in support of the candidacy of all Stockholder Nominees nominated by the Eligible Stockholder (the “Statement”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in this Section 14, the Corporation may omit from its proxy materials any information or Statement (or portion thereof) that it, in good faith, believes would violate any applicable law, rule, regulation or listing standard. Nothing in this Section
14 shall limit the corporation’s ability to solicit against and include in its proxy materials its own statements relating to any Stockholder Nominee.
(h) Representation and Agreement; Additional Information. At the time the Eligible Stockholder delivers the Nomination Notice, the Stockholder
Nominee must deliver to the Secretary of the Corporation a completed written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such nominee (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written
representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such Stockholder Nominee (i) is not and will not become a party to (A) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment
or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such Stockholder Nominee, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (B) any Voting
Commitment that could limit or interfere with such Stockholder Nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, with such Stockholder Nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (ii) is not and will not become a party to
any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a Director that has not
been disclosed therein, and (iii) in such Stockholder Nominee’s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, and will
comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation, as well as any applicable law, rule or regulation or listing
requirement. The Corporation may request such additional information as necessary to permit the Board of Directors to determine if each Stockholder Nominee is independent under the listing standards of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the
Corporation’s capital stock is listed, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence of the corporation’s Directors
(the “Applicable Independence Standards”) and the qualifications of the Stockholder Nominee to serve on the Corporation’s Audit and Finance Committee and Compensation Committee, and the Stockholder Nominee must respond to any such request within five
business days after receipt. If any information or communications provided by the Stockholder Nominee to the corporation ceases to be true and correct in any respect or omits a fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading, each Stockholder Nominee shall promptly notify the Secretary of the Corporation of any such inaccuracy or omission in such previously provided information and of the information that is required to make
such information or communication true and correct. If the Board of Directors determines that the Stockholder Nominee is not independent under the Applicable Independence Standards, or if the Stockholder Nominee fails to provide requested information
on a timely basis, the Stockholder Nominee will not be eligible for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials.
(i) Eligibility for Nomination at Subsequent Meetings. Any Stockholder Nominee who is included in the Corporation’s proxy materials for a
particular annual meeting of stockholders but either (i) withdraws from or becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the annual meeting, or (ii) does not receive at least twenty-five percent of the votes cast “for” the Stockholder Nominee’s
election, will be ineligible to be a Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this Section 14 for the next two annual meetings of stockholders. Any Eligible Stockholder (including each stockholder whose stock ownership is counted for purposes of qualifying as
an Eligible Stockholder) whose Stockholder Nominee is elected as a Director at the annual meeting of stockholders will not be eligible to nominate or participate in the nomination of a Stockholder Nominee for the next two annual meetings of
stockholders other than the nomination of such previously elected Stockholder Nominee, unless the Board of Directors nominates such previously elected Stockholder Nominee at a subsequent annual meeting.
(j) Disqualification. The corporation shall not be required, pursuant to this Section 14, to include in its proxy materials for any meeting of
stockholders a Stockholder Nominee (i) if the Secretary of the Corporation receives a notice that any stockholder has nominated a person for election to the Board of Directors pursuant to the Advance Notification of Proposals at Stockholders Meeting
provisions set forth in Section 8 of Article II of these By-Laws, (ii) if the Eligible Stockholder who has nominated such Stockholder Nominee has engaged in or is currently engaged in, or has been or is a “participant” in another person’s,
“solicitation” within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a Director at the annual meeting other than its Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors, (iii) who is not
independent under the Applicable Independence Standards, as determined by the Board of Directors, (iv) whose election as a member of the Board of Directors would cause the corporation to be in violation of these By-Laws, the Certificate of
Incorporation, the listing standards of the principal exchange upon which the Corporation’s capital stock is traded, or any applicable state or federal law, rule or regulation, (v) who is or has been, within the past three years, an officer or
director of a competitor, as defined in Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, (vi) who is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses) or has been convicted in such a criminal
proceeding within the past ten years, (vii) who is subject to any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (viii) if such Stockholder Nominee or the Eligible Stockholder who
has nominated such Stockholder Nominee shall have provided information to the Corporation with respect to such nomination that was untrue in any material respect or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in
light of the circumstances under which it was made, not misleading, as determined by the Board of Directors, (ix) if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to be an Eligible Stockholder for any reason, including but not limited to not owning the Required
Shares through the date of the applicable annual meeting, or (x) if the Eligible Stockholder or applicable Stockholder Nominee otherwise contravenes any of the agreements or representations made by such Eligible Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee or
fails to comply with its obligations pursuant to this Section 14. For the purposes of this Section 14(j), if an Eligible Stockholder is subject the conditions in clause (i), (ii), (viii), or (x), the corporation may exclude from its proxy materials
all Stockholder Nominees nominated by such Eligible Stockholder or, if the proxy statement has already been filed, may declare all such Stockholder Nominees ineligible to stand for election or serve as a Director; and if a Stockholder Nominee is
subject to the conditions in clause (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) (viii), (ix), or (x), the Corporation may declare such Stockholder Nominee ineligible and exclude such Stockholder Nominee from the proxy materials, or, if the proxy statement has
already been filed, may declare the Stockholder Nominee ineligible to stand for election or serve as a Director.
(k) Invalidity. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Board of Directors or the person presiding at the meeting shall
declare a nomination by an Eligible Stockholder to be invalid, and such nomination shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation, if (i) the Stockholder Nominee(s) and/or the
applicable Eligible Stockholder shall have breached its or their obligations, agreements or representations under this Section 14, as determined by the Board of Directors or the person presiding at the annual meeting of stockholders, (ii) the
Stockholder Nominee(s) are determined to be ineligible to stand for election or serve as a Director pursuant to Section 14(j), or (iii) the Eligible Stockholder (or a qualified representative thereof) does not appear at the annual meeting of
stockholders to present any nomination pursuant to this Section 14.
(l) Filing of Solicitations and Other Communications. The Eligible Stockholder (including any person who owns shares of capital stock of the
corporation that constitute part of the Eligible Stockholder’s ownership for purposes of satisfying Section 14(f) hereof) shall file with the Securities and Exchange Commission any solicitation or other communication with the Corporation’s
stockholders relating to the meeting at which the Stockholder Nominee will be nominated, regardless of whether any such filing is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act or whether any exemption from filing is available for such
solicitation or other communication under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed and controlled by or under the direction of a Board of
Directors, which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
Section 2. Number, Qualification and Tenure. The Board of Directors shall consist of thirteen (13) members. However, the number of Directors
may not be increased above, but may be decreased below, that number from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. The Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 3 of this article,
and each Director elected shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Directors need not be residents of the State of Delaware or stockholders of the Corporation.
Section 3. Vacancies. Any vacancy on the Board of Directors that results from an increase in the number of Directors shall be filled only by a
majority of the Directors then in office, provided a quorum is present, and any other vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled by a majority of the Directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining
Director, and each Director so chosen shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. If there are no Directors in office, then an election of Directors may be held in the
manner provided by law.
Section 4. Place of Meetings. The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of
Delaware.
Section 5. Regular Meetings. The Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting, to be known as the annual meeting, immediately following each
annual meeting of the stockholders. Other regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board. No notice of regular meetings need be given.
Section 6. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Board Chair or the Chief Executive Officer. Special meetings
shall be called by the Secretary on the written request of any two Directors. Two days' written or telephonic notice of special meetings need be given. Such notice may be given personally, by telephone, by mail (effective when the same shall be
deposited in the United States mail), by express delivery service (so that the scheduled delivery time of the notice is at least twenty-four hours in advance of the meeting) or by electronic communication (effective when directed to the Director).
Section 7. Quorum. At all meetings of the Board a majority of the total number of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business, and the act of a majority of the Directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law. If a quorum shall not be present at any
meeting of the Board of Directors, the Directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Section 8. Organization. The Board of Directors may elect one of its members Board Chair. The Board Chair, if elected, shall act as chair at
all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders, and shall have such other functions, authority and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may also elect one or more of its members as a Board
Lead Independent Director, who shall have such functions, authority and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. If a Board Chair is not elected or, if elected, is not present, the Lead Independent Director or, in the absence of the
Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer, or if the Chief Executive Officer is not present, a Director chosen by a majority of the Directors present, shall act as Chair at meetings of the Board of Directors.
Section 9. Executive Committee. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, may designate one or more
Directors to constitute an Executive Committee, to serve as such, unless the resolution designating the Executive Committee is sooner amended or until their respective successors are designated. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a
majority of the whole Board, may also designate additional Directors as alternate members of the Executive Committee to serve as members of the Executive Committee in the place and stead of any regular member or members thereof who may be unable to
attend a meeting or otherwise unavailable to act as a member of the Executive Committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member and all alternate members who may serve in the place and stead of such member, the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another Director to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.
Except as expressly limited by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the Certificate of Incorporation, the Executive Committee
shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation between the meetings of the Board of Directors. The Executive Committee shall keep a record of its
acts and proceedings, which shall form a part of the records of the Corporation in the custody of the Secretary, and all actions of the Executive Committee shall be reported to the Board of Directors at the next meeting of the Board.
Meetings of the Executive Committee may be called at any time by the Board Chair, the Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer or
any two of its members. Two days' notice of meetings need be given. Such notice may be given by the methods described in Section 6 of this article. A majority of the members of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction
of business and, except as expressly limited by this section, the act of a majority of the members present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Executive Committee. Except as expressly provided in this Section, the
Executive Committee shall fix its own rules of procedure.
Section 10. Other Committees. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, may designate one or more other
committees, each such committee to consist of one or more Directors. Except as expressly limited by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the Certificate of Incorporation, any such committee shall have and may exercise such powers
as the Board of Directors may determine and specify in the resolution designating such committee. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, also may designate one or more additional Directors as alternate
members of any such committee to replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, and at any time may change the membership of any committee or amend or rescind the resolution designating the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of alternate member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another
Director to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member, provided that the Director so appointed meets any qualifications stated in the resolution designating the committee. Each committee shall keep a record of
proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors to such extent and in such form as the Board of Directors may require. Unless otherwise provided in the resolution designating a committee, a majority of all of the members of any such
committee may select its Chair, fix its rules or procedure, fix the time and place of its meetings and specify what notice of meetings, if any, shall be given.
Section 11. Action without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action required or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the
writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and in electronic form if the minutes
are maintained in electronic form.
Section 12. Attendance by Telephone or Similar Communications Equipment. Members of the Board of Directors, or of any committee designated by
the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and
such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
Section 13. Compensation. The Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of Directors, which may include their
expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. Enumeration. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall include a Chief Executive Officer,
a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. Upon consultation with the Chief Executive Officer, the Board of Directors may also elect one or more Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant
Treasurers and such other officers and agents as it shall deem appropriate. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.
Section 2. Term of Office. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected at the annual meeting of the Board of Directors and shall hold
office until their successors are elected and qualified. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation required by this
article shall be filled by the Board of Directors, and any vacancy in any other office may be filled by the Board of Directors.
Section 3. Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general supervision, direction and control of the business and
affairs of the Corporation, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, and shall have such other functions, authority and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. In the absence of the Board Chair, or if no Board Chair has been
elected, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside, when present, at all meetings of stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall see that all directives and resolutions of stockholders and the Board
of Directors are carried into effect.
Section 4. President. During any period when there shall be a Chief Executive Officer who is not also serving as the President, the President
shall have such functions, authority and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.
Section 5. Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall have general supervision of the financial operations of the
Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall also perform such duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President.
Section 6. Vice President. The Executive, Senior and other Vice Presidents shall perform such duties and have such other powers as may from
time to time be prescribed to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President.
Section 7. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all sessions of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and keep a record
of all proceedings of the stockholders of the Corporation and of the Board of Directors, and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice, if any, of all meetings of the
stockholders and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and the Secretary, or in the
absence of the Secretary any Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may
give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest such affixing of the seal. The Secretary shall also keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the
Secretary by such stockholder, sign with the Chief Executive Officer or President or any Vice President, in the case of certificated shares, certificates for shares of the Corporation, the issuance of which shall be authorized by resolution of the
Board of Directors, and have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation.
Section 8. Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the
Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary's inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the
Secretary and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary.
Section 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of
receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The
Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chief Executive Officer, the President and the Board of Directors, at its
regular meetings or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the
Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Chief Financial Officer.
Section 10. Assistant Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined
by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer's inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers
of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Treasurer.
Section 11. Controller. The Board of Directors may elect a Controller who shall be responsible for all accounting and auditing functions of the
Corporation and who shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be required of him or her by the Board of Directors.
Section 12. Other Officers. The Chief Executive Officer or Board of Directors may appoint other officers and agents for any Group, Division or
Department into which this Corporation may be divided by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, with titles as the Chief Executive Officer or Board of Directors may from time to time deem appropriate. All such officers and agents
shall receive such compensation, have such tenure and exercise such authority as the Chief Executive Officer or Board of Directors may specify. All appointments made by the Chief Executive Officer hereunder and all the terms and conditions thereof
must be reported to the Board of Directors.
In no case shall an officer or agent of any one Group, Division or Department have authority to bind another Group, Division or Department of the
Company or to bind the Company except as to the business and affairs of the Group, Division or Department of which he or she is an officer or agent.
Section 13. Salaries. The salaries of the elected officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors, and no officer shall be
prevented from receiving such salary by reason of the fact that he or she is also a Director of the Corporation.
Section 14. Duties of Officers May Be Delegated. In case any officer is absent, or for any other reason that the Board of Directors may deem
sufficient, the Chief Executive Officer or the President or the Board of Directors may delegate for the time being the powers or duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director.
ARTICLE V
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK; UNCERTIFICATED SHARES
Section 1. Form. The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, except that the Board of Directors may provide by
resolution that some, all, or any classes or series of shares shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Notwithstanding the
adoption of such a resolution by the Board, every holder of stock represented by certificates, and upon request every holder of uncertificated shares, shall be entitled to have a certificate (representing the number of shares registered in
certificate form) signed by or in the name of the Corporation by the Board Chair or the Chief Executive Officer or the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
Corporation. Where a certificate is countersigned by a transfer agent, other than the Corporation or an employee of the Corporation, or by a registrar, the signatures of the Board Chair, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or a Vice
President and the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall
have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, the certificate may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such officer, transfer agent or registrar were such officer, transfer agent or
registrar at the date of its issue.
Section 2. Transfer. Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or
accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, in the case of certificated shares, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in place of any certificate
therefor issued by the Corporation to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction on its books. The Board may make such additional rules and regulations concerning the issue, transfer, and registration of
certificates for shares or uncertificated shares as it may deem necessary and are not inconsistent with these By-Laws.
Section 3. Replacement. In case of the loss, destruction or theft of a certificate for any stock of the Corporation, a new certificate of stock
or uncertificated shares in place of any certificate therefor issued by the Corporation may be issued upon satisfactory proof of such loss, destruction or theft and upon such terms as the Board of Directors or the Secretary may prescribe. The Board
of Directors or the Secretary may in its discretion require the owner of the lost, destroyed or stolen certificate, or his or her legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond, in such sum and in such form and with such surety or sureties as
it may direct, to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it with respect to a certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed or stolen.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Section 1. The Corporation shall indemnify any Director or officer of the Corporation, and may, upon the act of the Board of Directors,
indemnify any other person whom it shall have the power to indemnify under Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was acting in his or her official capacity as a Director, officer, employee
or agent of the Corporation, as the case may be, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses
(including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding
by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
Section 2. The Corporation shall indemnify any Director or officer of the Corporation and may, upon the act of the Board of Directors, indemnify
any other person whom it shall have the power to indemnify under Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the
right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he or she is or was acting in his or her official capacity as a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, as the case may be, or is or was serving
at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in
connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and except that no indemnification shall
be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable in the performance of his or her duty to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which
such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the
Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
Section 3. To the extent that a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense
of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Sections 1 and 2 of this article, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by
him or her in connection therewith.
Section 4. Any indemnification under Sections 1 and 2 of this article (unless ordered by a Court) shall be made by the Corporation only as
authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the Director, officer employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 1 and 2 of this
article. Such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) by a committee of such Directors designated by majority
vote of such Directors, even though less than a quorum, or (3) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested Directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) by the stockholders.
Section 5. Expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in defending a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or
proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding as authorized by the Board of Directors in the manner provided in Section 4 of this article upon receipt of an undertaking by or on
behalf of the Director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation under this article.
Section 6. The Corporation shall indemnify any Director or officer of the Corporation and may, upon the act of the Board of Directors, indemnify
any other person whom it shall have power to indemnify under Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, (i) arising under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act or 1974 or regulations promulgated thereunder, or under any other law or regulation of the United States or any agency or
instrumentality thereof or law or regulation of any state or political subdivision or any agency or instrumentality of either, or under the common law of any of the foregoing, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, penalties,
taxes and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonable incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a fiduciary, disqualified person or party in interest with respect
to an employee benefit plan covering employees of the Corporation or of a subsidiary corporation, or is or was serving in any other capacity with respect to such plan, or has or had any obligations or duties with respect to such plan by reason of
such laws or regulations, provided that such person was or is a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or (ii) under revenue or taxation laws or regulations, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, penalties,
taxes, amounts paid in settlement and amounts paid as penalties or fines necessary to contest the imposition of such penalties or fines, actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding by reason of
the fact that he or she is or was acting in his or her official capacity as a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, as the case may be, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or
agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise and had responsibility for or participated in activities relating to compliance with such revenue or taxation laws and regulations; provided, however, that such
person did not act dishonestly or in willful or reckless violation of the provisions of the law or regulation under which such suit or proceeding arises. Unless the Board of Directors determines that under the circumstances then existing, it is
probable that such Director, officer, employee or agent will not be entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation under this section, expenses incurred in defending such suit or proceeding, including the amount of any penalties or fines necessary to
be paid to contest the imposition of such penalties or fines, shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Director, officer, employee or agent
to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation under this section.
Section 7. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, and granted pursuant to, this article shall not be deemed exclusive of
any other rights to which those indemnified or advanced expenses may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested Directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in his or
her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a Director or officer who has ceased to be a Director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators
of the Director or officer, and may, upon such act of the Board of Directors, continue as to such other persons and inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such other persons.
Section 8. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Director, officer, employee or agent of
the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and
incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not he or she would be entitled to indemnity against such liability under the provisions of this article.
Section 9. The provisions of this article shall be deemed to be a contract between the Corporation and each person who serves as such officer or
director in any such capacity at any time while this article and the relevant provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law or other applicable laws, if any, are in effect, and any repeal or modification of any such law or of this article shall
not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts then or theretofore existing or any action, suit or proceeding theretofore or thereafter brought or threatened based in whole or in part upon any such state of
facts.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall be in such form as may be approved from time to time by the Board of Directors. The seal
may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.
Section 3. Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under law or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or
these By-Laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent to notice.
Section 4. Resignations. Any Director, whenever elected or appointed, may resign at any time by serving notice in writing or by electronic
transmission of such resignation on the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. Any such resignation by a Director shall take effect at the time specified in the notice of resignation or, if no time is specified, immediately upon receipt of the
notice. Any officer, whenever elected or appointed, may resign at any time by serving written notice of such resignation on the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary, and such resignation shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of
business on the date said notice is received by the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary. No formal action shall be required of the Board of Directors or the stockholders to make any such resignation effective.
Section 5. Shares of Other Corporations. Any shares in any other corporation which may from time to time be held by this Corporation may be
represented and voted at any meeting of shareholders of such corporation by the Chief Executive Officer, President, an Executive, Senior or other Vice President, or the Secretary of this Corporation, or by any other person or persons thereunto
authorized by the Board of Directors, or by any proxy designated by written instrument of appointment executed in the name of this Corporation by its Chief Executive Officer, President, or an Executive, Senior or other Vice President and attested by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary.
Section 6. Electronic Transmissions. For purposes of these By-Laws, "electronic transmission" means any form of communication, not directly
involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such recipient through an automated process.
Section 7. Forum for Adjudication of Disputes. (a) Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the
sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any Director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the
Corporation or the Corporation's stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a
state or federal court located within the state of Delaware, in all cases subject to the court's having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in
shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 7(a).
(b) Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of
America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the
Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 7(b).
Section 8. Conflict with Applicable Law or Certificate of Incorporation. These By-laws are adopted subject to any applicable law and the
Certificate of Incorporation. Whenever these By-laws may conflict with any applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, such conflict shall be resolved in favor of such law or the Certificate of Incorporation.
ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENTS
These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new By-Laws may be adopted by the Board of Directors. The fact that the power to amend,
alter, repeal or adopt the By-Laws has been conferred upon the Board of Directors shall not divest the stockholders of the same powers.
ARTICLE IX
SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
These By-Laws and the provisions hereof are subject to the terms and conditions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (including
any certificates of designations filed thereunder).
Exhibit 3.2
AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS
OF
ADTALEM GLOBAL EDUCATION INC.
(as amended November 2710, 20231)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. The registered office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware and the name and
address of its registered agent is The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801. When the registered agent is not a natural person, the Corporation shall designate a natural person to receive communications from the
registered agent. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Time and Place of Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the stockholders for the purpose of electing Directors or for the
transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting shall be held on such date, time and place (or may not be held at any place, but instead be held solely by means of remote communications) as may be fixed by resolution of the
Board of Directors adopted at least ten days prior to the date so fixed, for the purpose of electing Directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting. If, in any year, the Board of Directors shall not
fix an annual meeting date, then the date, place and time of the annual meeting in such year shall be the second Tuesday of November at the principal office of the Corporation at the hour of 11:00 A.M. (Chicago time). If the date of the annual
meeting shall be a legal holiday in the State where such meeting is to be held, such meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day.
Section 2. Time and Place of Special Meetings. Except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders may be called only in
accordance with the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and shall be held at the date, time and place (or may not be held at any place, but instead may be held by means of remote communication) fixed by the Board or the Board Chair.
Section 3. Notice of Meetings. Written notice of each meeting of the stockholders stating the place, if any (or the means of remote
communication, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting), date and time of the meeting shall be given not less than ten (or less than twenty days if a merger or consolidation of the Corporation, or
a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation's property or assets, is to be acted upon at the meeting) nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The
notice of any special meeting of stockholders shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
Section 4. Quorum. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented
by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business, except as otherwise provided by law. If a quorum is not present or represented, the presiding officer at the meeting or the holders of the stock
present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereat, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of such stock, shall have power to adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place, if any, or the means of
remote communication, if any, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the subsequent withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a
quorum. At such adjourned meeting, at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the
adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
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Section 5. Voting.
(a) Except as may otherwise be required by law or these By-Laws, or permitted by the rules of any stock exchange on which the Corporation's shares
are listed and traded, any question brought before any meeting of the stockholders, other than the election of Directors, shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of votes of the Corporation's capital stock
represented and entitled to vote on such question at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present, voting as a single class.
(b) Directors of the Corporation in a contested election (i.e., where the number of nominees for Director exceeds the number of Directors to be
elected) shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the Corporation's capital stock represented and entitled to vote in the election of Directors at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present. However, in an uncontested election
(i.e., where the number of nominees for Director is the same as the number of Directors to be elected), Directors shall be elected by the vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of votes of the Corporation's capital stock represented
and entitled to vote in the election of Directors at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present. In the event that a nominee for re-election as a Director fails to receive the requisite majority vote at an annual or special meeting held
for the purpose of electing Directors where the election is uncontested, such Director must, promptly following certification of the stockholder vote, tender his or her resignation to the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary, subject to
acceptance by the Board of Directors. The Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors, or such other group of independent members of the Board of Directors as is determined by the entire Board of Directors (excluding the Director
who tendered the resignation) will evaluate any such resignation in light of the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders and will make a recommendation to the entire Board of Directors as to whether to accept or reject the resignation,
or whether other action should be taken. In reaching its decision, the Board of Directors may consider any factors it deems relevant, including the Director's qualifications, the Director's past and expected future contributions to the Corporation,
the overall composition of the Board of Directors and whether accepting the tendered resignation would cause the Corporation to fail to meet any applicable law, rule or regulation (including the listing requirements of any securities exchange). The
Board of Directors shall complete this process within 90 days after the certification of the stockholder vote and shall report its decision to the stockholders in the Corporation's filing following such Board decision.
Section 6. Informal Action By Stockholders. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be
effected at a duly called annual or special meetingmeetings of such holders and may not be effected by a consent
in writing by any such holders.
Section 7. Voting Procedures and Inspectors of Elections.
(a) The Corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written
report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall
appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the
best of his or her ability.
(b) The inspectors shall (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, (ii) determine the shares represented at a
meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their
determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting, and their count of all votes and ballots. The inspectors may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the inspectors in the performance of the duties of the inspectors.
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(c) The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be
announced at the meeting. No ballot, proxies or votes, nor any revocations thereof or changes thereto, shall be accepted by the inspectors after the closing of the polls unless the Court of Chancery upon application by a stockholder shall determine
otherwise.
(d) In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots, the inspectors shall be limited to an examination of the proxies, any
envelopes submitted with those proxies, any information provided in accordance with Sec. 212(c)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, ballots and the regular books and records of the Corporation, except that the inspectors may consider other
reliable information for the limited purpose of reconciling proxies and ballots submitted by or on behalf of banks, brokers, their nominees or similar persons which represent more votes than the holder of a proxy is authorized by the record owner to
cast or more votes than the stockholder holds of record. If the inspectors consider other reliable information for the limited purpose permitted herein, the inspectors at the time they make their certification pursuant to subsection (b)(v) of this
Section 7 shall specify the precise information considered by them including the person or persons from whom they obtained the information, when the information was obtained and the basis for the inspectors' belief that such information is accurate
and reliable.
(e) If the presiding officer of an
annual or special meeting determines that any business proposed by a stockholder is not properly brought before such meeting, or any nomination by a stockholder was not properly made (including satisfying the information requirements set forth
herein with accurate and complete information), he or she will so declare to the meeting and any such business will not be conducted or considered and any such nomination will be disregarded (and any proposed nominee shall be disqualified).
Additionally, if a stockholder provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act and subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) and Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act,
including the provision to the Corporation of notices required thereunder in a timely manner (as modified pursuant to these By-laws), then the Corporation shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited
for such nominees (and any such nominees shall be disqualified). Proxies received for disqualified or withdrawn nominees will be treated as abstentions rather than disregarded votes.
Section 8. Advance Notification of Proposals at Stockholders Meeting.
(a) If a stockholder desires to submit a proposal for consideration at an annual stockholders meeting, or to nominate persons for election as
Directors at any stockholders meeting duly called for the election of Directors, written notice of such stockholder's intent to make such a proposal or nomination must be given and received by the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation either by personal delivery or by United States mail by 5 P.M. (Chicago Time) not later than (i) with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, 90not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders, and (ii) with respect to a special meeting of stockholders duly called for the election of Directors, on the tenth day following the date on which notice of such
meeting is first sent or given to stockholders. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of a stockholders' meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described above. Each
notice shall describe the proposal, nomination or nominations in sufficient detail for the proposal, nomination or nominations to be summarized on the agenda for the meeting and shall set forth:
| (i) |
as to the stockholder giving the notice and any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), (A) the name and address, as it appears on the books of the Corporation, of
the stockholder and such Stockholder Associated Person and, if different, their current names and addresses and (B) the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person and a copy of the
prospectus, offering memorandum or similar document, if any, provided to investors or potential investors in such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person;
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| (ii) |
a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the
meeting to present such proposal or nomination;
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| (iii) |
as to the stockholder giving the notice and any Stockholder Associated Person, (A) the class and number of all shares of the Corporation which are owned of record by such
stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person, if any, (B) the class and number of, and the nominee holder for, any shares of the Corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person,
if any; and (C) a description of all Derivative Transactions (as defined below) by such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person during the previous 12-month period, including the date of the transactions and the class and number of
securities involved in, and the material economic terms of, the transactions, such description also to include all information that such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person would be required to report on an Insider Report (as defined
below) if such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person were a Director of the Corporation or the beneficial owner of more than ten percent of the shares of the Corporation at the time of the transactions;
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| (iv) |
a statement whether or not the stockholder will deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy (in which case the stockholder must use a
proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the Board of Directors) to holders of at least the percentage of voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the
election of directors required under applicable law to carry such proposal; and
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| ( |
to the extent known by the stockholder giving the notice, the name and address of any other person who owns, beneficially or of record, any shares of stock of the Corporation
and who supports the proposal of such business, the nomination or the nominations on the date of such stockholder's notice.
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(b) In addition to the requirements in clause (a) above, in the case of a stockholder proposal, the notice shall set forth the reasons for
conducting such proposed business at the meeting and any material interest of the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person in such business.
(c) In addition to the requirements in clause (a) above, in the case of a nomination or the nominations of any person for election as a Director,
the notice shall set forth: (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of any person to be nominated; (ii) the principal occupation or employment of such person; (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings, including all
compensation and financial arrangements, between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder; (iii) such other
information required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"); and (iv) the consent of each nominee to serve as a Director of the Corporation if so
elected.
(d) The procedures set forth in this Section 8 shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to bring business before an annual stockholders
meeting, or to nominate persons for election as Directors at any stockholders meeting duly called for the election of Directors; provided, however, that, once business has been properly brought before an annual meeting or a special meeting duly
called for the election of Directors in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 8 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. The presiding officer of the annual or special meeting shall, if the
facts warrant, refuse to acknowledge a proposal or nomination not made in compliance with the foregoing procedure, or if the stockholder has
violated Section 11 of Article II of these By-laws, and any such proposal or nomination not properly brought before the meeting shall not be considered.
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(e) If information submitted pursuant to this Section 8 shall be inaccurate to any material extent, such information may be deemed not to have
been provided in accordance with this Section 8. Any information previously submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 8 shall be supplemented by such stockholder and Stockholder Associated Person, if any, not later than ten days after
the record date for the annual meeting or special meeting duly called for the election of Directors in order to disclose any material change in such information as of the record date. If a stockholder fails to provide such written update within such
period, the information as to which written update was required may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 8.
(f) To be eligible to be a nominee for election as a Director of the Corporation, an individual must additionally deliver (in accordance with the
time periods for delivery of notice prescribed above) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (i) a completed written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such nominee (which questionnaire
shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request), (ii) a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (A) is not and will not become a party to (x) any agreement,
arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a "Voting Commitment") that has
not been disclosed to the Corporation or (y) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person's ability to comply, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, with such person's fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not
and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action
as a Director that has not been disclosed therein, (C) in such person's individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, and
will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation, (iii) a written representation (in the form provided by the
Secretary upon written request) that such person intends to serve as Director of the Corporation for the term for which such person is nominated for election; and (iv) such other information the Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish
to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.
(g) For purposes of this Section 8
| (i) |
a "Stockholder Associated Person" of any stockholder shall mean (A) any person controlling, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with, such stockholder, (B) any
beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder and (C) any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such stockholder or a Stockholder Associated Person as
defined in the foregoing clauses (A) and (B);
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(ii) "Derivative Transaction" by a person shall mean any (A) transaction in, or arrangement, agreement or understanding with
respect to, any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right or similar right with an exercise, conversion or exchange privilege, or settlement payment or mechanism related to, any security of the Corporation, or any similar
instrument with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of a security of the Corporation, in any such case whether or not it is subject to settlement in a security of the Corporation or otherwise and (B) any transaction, arrangement,
agreement or understanding which included or includes an opportunity for such person, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of any security of the Corporation, to mitigate any loss
or manage any risk associated with any increase or decrease in the value of any security of the Corporation or to increase or decrease the number of securities of the Corporation which such person was, is or will be entitled to vote, in any case
whether or not it is subject to settlement in a security of the Corporation or otherwise; and
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(iii) "Insider Report" shall mean a statement required to be filed pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act (or any
successor provisions), by a person who is a Director of the Corporation or who is directly or indirectly the beneficial owner of more than ten percent of the shares of the Corporation.
(h) This Section 8 is expressly intended to constitute an “advance notice provision” for annual meeting for purposes of Exchange Act Rule 14a-4(c)(l) and to apply to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting or a special meeting of stockholders duly
called for the election of Directors other than any proposal made pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. In addition to the requirements of this Section 8 with respect to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, each stockholder submitting such business before an annual meeting of stockholders shall comply with all applicable requirements of state law and of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 8. Nothing in this Section 8 shall be deemed
to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation's proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
Section 9. Record Dates.
(a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any
adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty
nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting (or less than twenty days if a merger or consolidation of the Corporation, or a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation's property or assets, is to be acted upon at
the meeting). If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the next day preceding the day on
which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
(b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment
of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not
precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall not be more than sixty days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose
shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
(c) Only those who shall be stockholders of record on the record date so fixed as aforesaid shall be entitled to such notice of, and to vote at,
such meeting and any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of such dividend or other distribution, or to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding the transfer of any stock on the books of
the Corporation after the applicable record date.
Section 10. Lists of Stockholders. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days
before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Nothing in this Section 10 shall require the Corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such
list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the
information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting or, during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then a list of
stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be examined by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote
communication
then such list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network,
and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to
ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation.
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Section 11. Use and Solicitation of Proxies.
(a) Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of the stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy, but no
proxy shall be valid after three years from its date unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Such proxy shall be in writing or remote communication and shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation before or at the time of the meeting or
the giving of such written consent, as the case may be.
(b) If a stockholder providing notice under Section 8 of Article II of these By-laws intends to engage in
proxy solicitation with respect to any business proposed to be brought before a stockholders meeting (including a nomination of a person to serve on the Board of Directors), that stockholder shall advise the Secretary of that intention at the
time of requesting a special meeting or at the time of submitting notice under Section 8 of Article II of these By-laws and, if applicable, at the time of any update(s) or correction(s) to information that previously has been provided to the
Secretary. If a stockholder does intend to solicit proxies, the stockholder shall provide: (1) a statement disclosing the name of each participant in such solicitation (as defined in Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act); (2) in the case of a
proposal other than the nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors, a representation whether such stockholder intends (or is part of a group that intends) to deliver a proxy statement or form of proxy to holders of at least the
percentage of the Corporation’s voting shares required under applicable law to approve the proposal; and (3) in the case of a nomination, a representation in accordance with Exchange Act Rule 14a-19 that such stockholder intends to solicit and
deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to the holders of shares representing at least 67% of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote on the election of directors in support of director nominees other than the Corporation’s nominees.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a stockholder no longer plans to solicit proxies in accordance with its representation pursuant to either clause (2) or (3) of the preceding sentence, the stockholder shall promptly inform the Corporation of this
change through delivering a statement to that effect to the Secretary.
(c) With respect to the solicitation of proxies for any business to be brought before a stockholders
meeting, a stockholder must comply in all respects with the requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and, specifically, in the case of a proposal for the nomination of persons for election to the
Board of Directors, shall comply, if applicable, with the requirements of Exchange Act Rule 14a-19 (as such rule and regulations may be amended from time to time by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including any SEC Staff
interpretations relating thereto). In connection therewith, any stockholder who conducts a proxy solicitation subject to Rule 14a-19 shall deliver to the Secretary, no later than five (5) business days prior to the stockholders meeting or any
adjournment, rescheduling, postponement or other delay thereof, reasonable evidence that it has complied with such requirements. In the case of a proposal for the nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors, the Board of
Directors or an executive officer designated thereby shall determine whether the stockholder has satisfied the requirements of Section 8 of Article II of these By-laws and shall so advise the presiding officer of the meeting so that appropriate
action, if any may be taken by that officer pursuant to Section 7 of Article II of these By-laws.
(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11, unless otherwise required by law, no
stockholder shall solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Corporation’s nominees unless such stockholder has complied with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act in connection with the solicitation of such proxies,
including the provision to the Corporation of notices required thereunder in a timely manner (as modified pursuant to these By-laws).
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of
Sections 8 and 14 of Article II of these By-laws, a stockholder must also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8 and
14 of Article II of these By-laws, including, for the avoidance of doubt, but not limited to, Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act with respect to nominations. Nothing in Sections 8 or 14 of Article II of these By-laws will be deemed to affect any
rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement in accordance with the provisions of Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Exchange Act.
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(f) Any stockholder (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any stockholder providing notice under Section 8
of Article II of these By-laws) directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the exclusive use by the Board of Directors.
Section 12. Voting by Ballot. Any question or any election at a meeting of the stockholders may be decided by voice vote unless the presiding
officer shall order that voting be by ballot or unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or required by statute.
Section 13. Meetings by Remote Communication. If authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines
and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication, participate in the meeting and be deemed present in person and vote at the
meeting of stockholders, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (a) the Corporation shall
implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxyholder, (b) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such
stockholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such
proceedings and (c) if any stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation.
Section 14. Proxy Access for Director Nominations.
(a) Inclusion in Proxy Statement., The Corporation shall include in its proxy statement for an annual meeting of stockholders the name, together
with the Required Information (as defined below), of any person nominated for election (a “Stockholder Nominee”) to the Board of Directors by a stockholder that satisfies, or by a group of no more than twenty stockholders that, collectively, satisfy,
the requirements of this Section 14 (an “Eligible Stockholder”), and that expressly elects at the time of providing the notice required by this Section 14 (the “Nomination Notice”) to have its nominee or nominees included in the Corporation’s proxy
materials pursuant to this Section 14.
(b) Timeliness. To be timely, a stockholder’s Nomination Notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary of the Corporation at
the principal executive offices of the Corporation either by personal delivery or by United States mail by 5 P.M. (Chicago Time) not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting
of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting date established is not within thirty days before or after the anniversary date of the prior annual meeting, in order to be timely the Nomination Notice must be so received
by 5 P.M. (Chicago Time) not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs. In
addition to the other requirements of this Section 14, the Nomination Notice must include the name and address of the Eligible Stockholder (including each stockholder whose stock ownership is counted for purposes of qualifying as an Eligible
Stockholder).
(c) Required Information. For purposes of this Section 14, the “Required Information” that the Corporation will include in its proxy statement is
(i) the information concerning the Stockholder Nominee and the Eligible Stockholder that the Corporation determines is required to be disclosed in the Corporation’s proxy statement by the regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act; and (ii) if
the Eligible Stockholder so elects, a Statement (as defined in Section 14(g)). To be timely, the Required Information must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary of the Corporation within thirty days after the deadline for Nomination
Notices set forth in Section 14(b).
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(d) Number of Stockholder Nominees. The number of Stockholder Nominees (including Stockholder Nominees that were submitted by an Eligible
Stockholder for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 14 but are subsequently withdrawn or nominated as a Board of Directors’ nominee) appearing in the Corporation’s proxy materials with respect to an annual meeting
of stockholders shall not exceed the greater of (i) two or (ii) twenty percent of the number of Directors in office as of the last day on which a Nomination Notice may be delivered pursuant to this Section 14, or if such amount is not a whole number,
the closest whole number below twenty percent (the “Permitted Number”); provided that (A) if one or more vacancies for any reason occurs on the Board of Directors at any time after the deadline for Nomination Notices set forth in Section 14(b) and
before the date of the applicable annual meeting of stockholders and the Board of Directors resolves to reduce the size of the Board of Directors in connection therewith, the Permitted Number shall be calculated based on the number of Directors in
office as so reduced and (B) the Permitted Number shall be reduced by (1) any nominees who were previously elected to the Board of Directors as Stockholder Nominees at any of the preceding three annual meetings and who are nominated for election at
such annual meeting by the Board of Directors as a Board of Directors’ nominee and (2) any Directors in office or Director candidates that in either case will be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials with respect to such an annual meeting as
an unopposed (by the Corporation) nominee pursuant to an agreement, arrangement or other understanding between the Corporation and a stockholder or group of stockholders (other than any such agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into in
connection with an acquisition of capital stock, by such stockholder or group of stockholders, from the Corporation). If the number of Stockholder Nominees submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section 14 exceeds the Permitted Number,
each Eligible Stockholder shall select one of its Stockholder Nominees for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials, with preference provided based on the amount (largest to smallest) of shares of the capital stock of the Corporation each
Eligible Stockholder disclosed as owned in its respective Nomination Notice submitted to the Corporation, until the Permitted Number is reached, and all remaining Stockholder Nominees in excess of the Permitted Number shall be excluded from the
Corporation’s proxy materials.
(e) Ownership for Purposes of Section 14. For purposes of this Section 14, an Eligible Stockholder shall be deemed to “own” only those outstanding
shares of the capital stock of the Corporation as to which the stockholder possesses both (i) the full voting and investment rights pertaining to the shares and (ii) the full economic interest in (including the opportunity for profit and risk of loss
on) such shares; provided that the number of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (i) and (ii) shall not include any shares (A) sold by such stockholder or any of its affiliates in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, (B)
borrowed by such stockholder or any of its affiliates for any purposes or purchased by such stockholder or any of its affiliates pursuant to an agreement to resell or (C) subject to any option, warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale, or
other derivative or similar agreement entered into by such stockholder or any of its affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of shares of outstanding capital
stock of the Corporation, in any such case which instrument or agreement has, or is intended to have, the purpose or effect of (1) reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in the future, such stockholder’s or its affiliates’ full right to
vote or direct the voting of any such shares, and/or (2) hedging, offsetting or altering to any degree gain or loss arising from the full economic ownership of such shares by such stockholder or affiliate. A stockholder shall “own” shares held in the
name of a nominee or other intermediary so long as the stockholder retains the right to instruct how the shares are voted with respect to the election of Directors and possesses the full economic interest in the shares. A person’s ownership of shares
shall be deemed to continue during any period in which (i) the person has loaned such shares, provided that the person has the power to recall such loaned shares on not more than five business days’ notice, or (ii) the person has delegated any voting
power by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement that is revocable at any time by the person. The terms “owned,” “owning” and other variations of the word “own” shall have correlative meanings. Whether outstanding
shares of the capital stock of the Corporation are “owned” for these purposes shall be determined by the Board of Directors, which determination shall be conclusive and binding on the Corporation and its stockholders. For purposes of this Section 14,
the term “affiliate” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act. An Eligible Stockholder shall include in its Nomination Notice the number of shares it is deemed to own for the purposes of this Section
14.
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(f) Eligible Stockholder. An Eligible Stockholder must have owned (as defined in Section 14(e)) continuously for at least three years that number
of shares of capital stock as shall constitute three percent or more of the outstanding capital stock of the Corporation (the “Required Shares”) as of both (i) a date within seven calendar days prior to the date of the Nomination Notice and (ii) the
record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting. For purposes of satisfying the ownership requirements under this Section 14, (i) the shares of the capital stock of the Corporation owned by one or more stockholders, or
by the person or persons who own shares of the capital stock of the Corporation and on whose behalf any stockholder is acting, may be aggregated, provided that the number of stockholders and other persons whose ownership of shares of capital stock of
the Corporation is aggregated for such purpose shall not exceed twenty, and (ii) two or more related funds will be treated as one stockholder or person for this purpose if such funds are (A) under common management and investment control, or (B)
under common management and funded by a single employer, or (C) a “group of investment companies” as such term is defined in section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. No person may be a member of more than one group
of persons constituting an Eligible Stockholder under this Section 14. Within the time period specified in this Section 14 for providing the Nomination Notice, an Eligible Stockholder must provide the following information in writing to the Secretary
of the Corporation:
| (i) |
one or more written statements from each record holder of the shares (and from each intermediary through which the shares are or have been held during the requisite
three-year holding period) verifying that, as of a date within seven calendar days prior to the date of the Nomination Notice, the Eligible Stockholder owns, and has owned continuously for the preceding three years, the Required Shares, and
the Eligible Stockholder’s agreement to provide, within three business days after the record date for the annual meeting, written statements from the record holder and intermediaries verifying the Eligible Stockholder’s continuous ownership
of the Required Shares through the record date and, in the case of loaned shares, a written statement to the effect that the person will recall such loaned shares prior to the record date for the annual meeting and hold such shares on the
record date or will revoke delegated voting authority with respect to such shares and vote such shares at the annual meeting, and, in the case of shares held by two or more related funds, documentation that demonstrates to the reasonable
satisfaction of the Corporation that the funds are (A) under common management and investment control, or (B) under common management and funded by a single employer, or (C) a “group of investment companies” as such term is defined in
section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
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| (ii) |
the written consent of each Stockholder Nominee to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected;
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| (iii) |
a copy of the Schedule 14N that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Rule 14a-18 under the Exchange Act, as such rule may be amended;
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| (iv) |
a representation that the Eligible Stockholder (including each member of any group of stockholders that together is an Eligible Stockholder under this Section 14) (A) acquired
the Required Shares in the ordinary course of business and not with the intent to change or influence control at the Corporation, and does not presently have such intent, (B) has not nominated and will not nominate for election to the Board
of Directors at the annual meeting any person other than the Stockholder Nominee(s) being nominated pursuant to this Section 14, (C) has not engaged and will not engage in, and has not and will not be a “participant” in another person’s,
“solicitation” within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a Director at the annual meeting other than its Stockholder Nominee or a nominee of the Board of Directors, (D) will not
distribute to any stockholder any form of proxy for the annual meeting other than the form distributed by the Corporation, (E) intends to own the Required Shares through the date of the annual meeting, (F) will provide facts, statements and
other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders that are or will be true and correct in all material respects and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and (G) otherwise will comply with all applicable laws, rules, regulations and listing standards in connection with any actions taken pursuant to this Section 14;
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| (v) |
in the case of a nomination by a group of stockholders that together is an Eligible Stockholder, the designation by all group members of one group member that is authorized to
act on behalf of all members of the nominating stockholder group with respect to the nomination and matters thereto, including withdrawal of the nomination; and
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| (vi) |
an undertaking that the Eligible Stockholder (including each member of any group of stockholders that together is an Eligible Stockholder) agrees to (A) assume all liability
stemming from any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the Eligible Stockholder’s communications with the stockholders of the Corporation or out of the information that the Eligible Stockholder provided to the Corporation, (B)
indemnify and hold harmless the Corporation and each of its Directors, officers and employees individually against any liability, loss or damages in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding, whether legal,
administrative or investigative, against the Corporation or any of its Directors, officers, or employees arising out of any nomination submitted by the Eligible Stockholder pursuant to this Section 14, (C) comply with all other laws, rules,
regulations and listing standards applicable to any solicitation in connection with the annual meeting, and (D) provide to the Corporation prior to the annual meeting such additional information as necessary with respect thereto, including
prompt notice if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to own any of the Required Shares prior to the date of the annual meeting of stockholders and if any information or communications provided by the Eligible Stockholder to the Corporation ceases
to be true and correct in any respect or omits a fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, each Eligible Stockholder shall promptly notify the Secretary of the
Corporation of any such inaccuracy or omission in such previously provided information and of the information that is required to make such information or communication true and correct.
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(g) Statement. The Eligible Stockholder may provide to the Secretary of the Corporation, within the time period specified in this Section 14 for
providing the Nomination Notice, a written statement for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy statement for the annual meeting, not to exceed five hundred words (excluding biographical and other information required to be disclosed in the
corporation’s proxy statement by the regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act), in support of the candidacy of all Stockholder Nominees nominated by the Eligible Stockholder (the “Statement”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in this Section 14, the Corporation may omit from its proxy materials any information or Statement (or portion thereof) that it, in good faith, believes would violate any applicable law, rule, regulation or listing standard. Nothing in this Section
14 shall limit the corporation’s ability to solicit against and include in its proxy materials its own statements relating to any Stockholder Nominee.
(h) Representation and Agreement; Additional Information. At the time the Eligible Stockholder delivers the Nomination Notice, the Stockholder
Nominee must deliver to the Secretary of the Corporation a completed written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such nominee (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written
representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such Stockholder Nominee (i) is not and will not become a party to (A) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment
or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such Stockholder Nominee, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (B) any Voting
Commitment that could limit or interfere with such Stockholder Nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, with such Stockholder Nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (ii) is not and will not become a party to
any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a Director that has not
been disclosed therein, and (iii) in such Stockholder Nominee’s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a Director of the Corporation, and will
comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation, as well as any applicable law, rule or regulation or listing
requirement. The Corporation may request such additional information as necessary to permit the Board of Directors to determine if each Stockholder Nominee is independent under the listing standards of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the
Corporation’s capital stock is listed, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence of the corporation’s Directors
(the “Applicable Independence Standards”) and the qualifications of the Stockholder Nominee to serve on the Corporation’s Audit and Finance Committee and Compensation Committee, and the Stockholder Nominee must respond to any such request within five
business days after receipt. If any information or communications provided by the Stockholder Nominee to the corporation ceases to be true and correct in any respect or omits a fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading, each Stockholder Nominee shall promptly notify the Secretary of the Corporation of any such inaccuracy or omission in such previously provided information and of the information that is required to make
such information or communication true and correct. If the Board of Directors determines that the Stockholder Nominee is not independent under the Applicable Independence Standards, or if the Stockholder Nominee fails to provide requested information
on a timely basis, the Stockholder Nominee will not be eligible for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials.
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(i) Eligibility for Nomination at Subsequent Meetings. Any Stockholder Nominee who is included in the Corporation’s proxy materials for a
particular annual meeting of stockholders but either (i) withdraws from or becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the annual meeting, or (ii) does not receive at least twenty-five percent of the votes cast “for” the Stockholder Nominee’s
election, will be ineligible to be a Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this Section 14 for the next two annual meetings of stockholders. Any Eligible Stockholder (including each stockholder whose stock ownership is counted for purposes of qualifying as
an Eligible Stockholder) whose Stockholder Nominee is elected as a Director at the annual meeting of stockholders will not be eligible to nominate or participate in the nomination of a Stockholder Nominee for the next two annual meetings of
stockholders other than the nomination of such previously elected Stockholder Nominee, unless the Board of Directors nominates such previously elected Stockholder Nominee at a subsequent annual meeting.
(j) Disqualification. The corporation shall not be required, pursuant to this Section 14, to include in its proxy materials for any meeting of
stockholders a Stockholder Nominee (i) if the Secretary of the Corporation receives a notice that any stockholder has nominated a person for election to the Board of Directors pursuant to the Advance Notification of Proposals at Stockholders Meeting
provisions set forth in Section 8 of Article II of these By-Laws, (ii) if the Eligible Stockholder who has nominated such Stockholder Nominee has engaged in or is currently engaged in, or has been or is a “participant” in another person’s,
“solicitation” within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a Director at the annual meeting other than its Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors, (iii) who is not
independent under the Applicable Independence Standards, as determined by the Board of Directors, (iv) whose election as a member of the Board of Directors would cause the corporation to be in violation of these By-Laws, the Certificate of
Incorporation, the listing standards of the principal exchange upon which the Corporation’s capital stock is traded, or any applicable state or federal law, rule or regulation, (v) who is or has been, within the past three years, an officer or
director of a competitor, as defined in Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, (vi) who is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses) or has been convicted in such a criminal
proceeding within the past ten years, (vii) who is subject to any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (viii) if such Stockholder Nominee or the Eligible Stockholder who
has nominated such Stockholder Nominee shall have provided information to the Corporation with respect to such nomination that was untrue in any material respect or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in
light of the circumstances under which it was made, not misleading, as determined by the Board of Directors, (ix) if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to be an Eligible Stockholder for any reason, including but not limited to not owning the Required
Shares through the date of the applicable annual meeting, or (x) if the Eligible Stockholder or applicable Stockholder Nominee otherwise contravenes any of the agreements or representations made by such Eligible Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee or
fails to comply with its obligations pursuant to this Section 14. For the purposes of this Section 14(j), if an Eligible Stockholder is subject the conditions in clause (i), (ii), (viii), or (x), the corporation may exclude from its proxy materials
all Stockholder Nominees nominated by such Eligible Stockholder or, if the proxy statement has already been filed, may declare all such Stockholder Nominees ineligible to stand for election or serve as a Director; and if a Stockholder Nominee is
subject to the conditions in clause (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) (viii), (ix), or (x), the Corporation may declare such Stockholder Nominee ineligible and exclude such Stockholder Nominee from the proxy materials, or, if the proxy statement has
already been filed, may declare the Stockholder Nominee ineligible to stand for election or serve as a Director.
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(k) Invalidity. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Board of Directors or the person presiding at the meeting shall
declare a nomination by an Eligible Stockholder to be invalid, and such nomination shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation, if (i) the Stockholder Nominee(s) and/or the
applicable Eligible Stockholder shall have breached its or their obligations, agreements or representations under this Section 14, as determined by the Board of Directors or the person presiding at the annual meeting of stockholders, (ii) the
Stockholder Nominee(s) are determined to be ineligible to stand for election or serve as a Director pursuant to Section 14(j), or (iii) the Eligible Stockholder (or a qualified representative thereof) does not appear at the annual meeting of
stockholders to present any nomination pursuant to this Section 14.
(l) Filing of Solicitations and Other Communications. The Eligible Stockholder (including any person who owns shares of capital stock of the
corporation that constitute part of the Eligible Stockholder’s ownership for purposes of satisfying Section 14(f) hereof) shall file with the Securities and Exchange Commission any solicitation or other communication with the Corporation’s
stockholders relating to the meeting at which the Stockholder Nominee will be nominated, regardless of whether any such filing is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act or whether any exemption from filing is available for such
solicitation or other communication under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed and controlled by or under the direction of a Board of
Directors, which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
Section 2. Number, Qualification and Tenure. The Board of Directors shall consist of thirteen (13) members. However, the number of Directors
may not be increased above, but may be decreased below, that number from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. The Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 3 of this article,
and each Director elected shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Directors need not be residents of the State of Delaware or stockholders of the Corporation.
Section 3. Vacancies. Any vacancy on the Board of Directors that results from an increase in the number of Directors shall be filled only by a
majority of the Directors then in office, provided a quorum is present, and any other vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled by a majority of the Directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining
Director, and each Director so chosen shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. If there are no Directors in office, then an election of Directors may be held in the
manner provided by law.
Section 4. Place of Meetings. The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of
Delaware.
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Section 5. Regular Meetings. The Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting, to be known as the annual meeting, immediately following each
annual meeting of the stockholders. Other regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board. No notice of regular meetings need be given.
Section 6. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Board Chair or the Chief Executive Officer. Special meetings
shall be called by the Secretary on the written request of any two Directors. Two days' written or telephonic notice of special meetings need be given. Such notice may be given personally, by telephone, by mail (effective when the same shall be
deposited in the United States mail), by express delivery service (so that the scheduled delivery time of the notice is at least twenty-four hours in advance of the meeting) or by electronic communication (effective when directed to the Director).
Section 7. Quorum. At all meetings of the Board a majority of the total number of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business, and the act of a majority of the Directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law. If a quorum shall not be present at any
meeting of the Board of Directors, the Directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Section 8. Organization. The Board of Directors may elect one of its members Board Chair. The Board Chair, if elected, shall act as chair at
all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders, and shall have such other functions, authority and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may also elect one or more of its members as a Board
Lead Independent Director, who shall have such functions, authority and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. If a Board Chair is not elected or, if elected, is not present, the Lead Independent Director or, in the absence of the
Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer, or if the Chief Executive Officer is not present, a Director chosen by a majority of the Directors present, shall act as Chair at meetings of the Board of Directors.
Section 9. Executive Committee. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, may designate one or more
Directors to constitute an Executive Committee, to serve as such, unless the resolution designating the Executive Committee is sooner amended or until their respective successors are designated. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a
majority of the whole Board, may also designate additional Directors as alternate members of the Executive Committee to serve as members of the Executive Committee in the place and stead of any regular member or members thereof who may be unable to
attend a meeting or otherwise unavailable to act as a member of the Executive Committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member and all alternate members who may serve in the place and stead of such member, the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another Director to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.
Except as expressly limited by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the Certificate of Incorporation, the Executive Committee
shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation between the meetings of the Board of Directors. The Executive Committee shall keep a record of its
acts and proceedings, which shall form a part of the records of the Corporation in the custody of the Secretary, and all actions of the Executive Committee shall be reported to the Board of Directors at the next meeting of the Board.
Meetings of the Executive Committee may be called at any time by the Board Chair, the Lead Independent Director, the Chief Executive Officer or
any two of its members. Two days' notice of meetings need be given. Such notice may be given by the methods described in Section 6 of this article. A majority of the members of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction
of business and, except as expressly limited by this section, the act of a majority of the members present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Executive Committee. Except as expressly provided in this Section, the
Executive Committee shall fix its own rules of procedure.
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Section 10. Other Committees. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, may designate one or more other
committees, each such committee to consist of one or more Directors. Except as expressly limited by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the Certificate of Incorporation, any such committee shall have and may exercise such powers
as the Board of Directors may determine and specify in the resolution designating such committee. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, also may designate one or more additional Directors as alternate
members of any such committee to replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, and at any time may change the membership of any committee or amend or rescind the resolution designating the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of alternate member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another
Director to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member, provided that the Director so appointed meets any qualifications stated in the resolution designating the committee. Each committee shall keep a record of
proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors to such extent and in such form as the Board of Directors may require. Unless otherwise provided in the resolution designating a committee, a majority of all of the members of any such
committee may select its Chair, fix its rules or procedure, fix the time and place of its meetings and specify what notice of meetings, if any, shall be given.
Section 11. Action without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action required or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the
writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and in electronic form if the minutes
are maintained in electronic form.
Section 12. Attendance by Telephone or Similar Communications Equipment. Members of the Board of Directors, or of any committee designated by
the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and
such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
Section 13. Compensation. The Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of Directors, which may include their
expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. Enumeration. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall include a Chief Executive Officer,
a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. Upon consultation with the Chief Executive Officer, the Board of Directors may also elect one or more Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant
Treasurers and such other officers and agents as it shall deem appropriate. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.
Section 2. Term of Office. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected at the annual meeting of the Board of Directors and shall hold
office until their successors are elected and qualified. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation required by this
article shall be filled by the Board of Directors, and any vacancy in any other office may be filled by the Board of Directors.
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Section 3. Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general supervision, direction and control of the business and
affairs of the Corporation, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, and shall have such other functions, authority and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. In the absence of the Board Chair, or if no Board Chair has been
elected, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside, when present, at all meetings of stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall see that all directives and resolutions of stockholders and the Board
of Directors are carried into effect.
Section 4. President. During any period when there shall be a Chief Executive Officer who is not also serving as the President, the President
shall have such functions, authority and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.
Section 5. Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall have general supervision of the financial operations of the
Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall also perform such duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President.
Section 6. Vice President. The Executive, Senior and other Vice Presidents shall perform such duties and have such other powers as may from
time to time be prescribed to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President.
Section 7. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all sessions of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and keep a record
of all proceedings of the stockholders of the Corporation and of the Board of Directors, and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice, if any, of all meetings of the
stockholders and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and the Secretary, or in the
absence of the Secretary any Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may
give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest such affixing of the seal. The Secretary shall also keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the
Secretary by such stockholder, sign with the Chief Executive Officer or President or any Vice President, in the case of certificated shares, certificates for shares of the Corporation, the issuance of which shall be authorized by resolution of the
Board of Directors, and have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation.
Section 8. Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the
Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary's inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the
Secretary and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary.
Section 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of
receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The
Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chief Executive Officer, the President and the Board of Directors, at its
regular meetings or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the
Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Chief Financial Officer.
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Section 10. Assistant Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined
by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer's inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers
of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Treasurer.
Section 11. Controller. The Board of Directors may elect a Controller who shall be responsible for all accounting and auditing functions of the
Corporation and who shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be required of him or her by the Board of Directors.
Section 12. Other Officers. The Chief Executive Officer or Board of Directors may appoint other officers and agents for any Group, Division or
Department into which this Corporation may be divided by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, with titles as the Chief Executive Officer or Board of Directors may from time to time deem appropriate. All such officers and agents
shall receive such compensation, have such tenure and exercise such authority as the Chief Executive Officer or Board of Directors may specify. All appointments made by the Chief Executive Officer hereunder and all the terms and conditions thereof
must be reported to the Board of Directors.
In no case shall an officer or agent of any one Group, Division or Department have authority to bind another Group, Division or Department of the
Company or to bind the Company except as to the business and affairs of the Group, Division or Department of which he or she is an officer or agent.
Section 13. Salaries. The salaries of the elected officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors, and no officer shall be
prevented from receiving such salary by reason of the fact that he or she is also a Director of the Corporation.
Section 14. Duties of Officers May Be Delegated. In case any officer is absent, or for any other reason that the Board of Directors may deem
sufficient, the Chief Executive Officer or the President or the Board of Directors may delegate for the time being the powers or duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director.
ARTICLE V
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK; UNCERTIFICATED SHARES
Section 1. Form. The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, except that the Board of Directors may provide by
resolution that some, all, or any classes or series of shares shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Notwithstanding the
adoption of such a resolution by the Board, every holder of stock represented by certificates, and upon request every holder of uncertificated shares, shall be entitled to have a certificate (representing the number of shares registered in
certificate form) signed by or in the name of the Corporation by the Board Chair or the Chief Executive Officer or the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
Corporation. Where a certificate is countersigned by a transfer agent, other than the Corporation or an employee of the Corporation, or by a registrar, the signatures of the Board Chair, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or a Vice
President and the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall
have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, the certificate may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such officer, transfer agent or registrar were such officer, transfer agent or
registrar at the date of its issue.
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Section 2. Transfer. Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or
accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, in the case of certificated shares, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in place of any certificate
therefor issued by the Corporation to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction on its books. The Board may make such additional rules and regulations concerning the issue, transfer, and registration of
certificates for shares or uncertificated shares as it may deem necessary and are not inconsistent with these By-Laws.
Section 3. Replacement. In case of the loss, destruction or theft of a certificate for any stock of the Corporation, a new certificate of stock
or uncertificated shares in place of any certificate therefor issued by the Corporation may be issued upon satisfactory proof of such loss, destruction or theft and upon such terms as the Board of Directors or the Secretary may prescribe. The Board
of Directors or the Secretary may in its discretion require the owner of the lost, destroyed or stolen certificate, or his or her legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond, in such sum and in such form and with such surety or sureties as
it may direct, to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it with respect to a certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed or stolen.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Section 1. The Corporation shall indemnify any Director or officer of the Corporation, and may, upon the act of the Board of Directors,
indemnify any other person whom it shall have the power to indemnify under Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was acting in his or her official capacity as a Director, officer, employee
or agent of the Corporation, as the case may be, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses
(including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding
by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
Section 2. The Corporation shall indemnify any Director or officer of the Corporation and may, upon the act of the Board of Directors, indemnify
any other person whom it shall have the power to indemnify under Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the
right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he or she is or was acting in his or her official capacity as a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, as the case may be, or is or was serving
at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in
connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and except that no indemnification shall
be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable in the performance of his or her duty to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which
such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the
Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
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Section 3. To the extent that a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense
of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Sections 1 and 2 of this article, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by
him or her in connection therewith.
Section 4. Any indemnification under Sections 1 and 2 of this article (unless ordered by a Court) shall be made by the Corporation only as
authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the Director, officer employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 1 and 2 of this
article. Such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) by a committee of such Directors designated by majority
vote of such Directors, even though less than a quorum, or (3) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested Directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) by the stockholders.
Section 5. Expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in defending a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or
proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding as authorized by the Board of Directors in the manner provided in Section 4 of this article upon receipt of an undertaking by or on
behalf of the Director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation under this article.
Section 6. The Corporation shall indemnify any Director or officer of the Corporation and may, upon the act of the Board of Directors, indemnify
any other person whom it shall have power to indemnify under Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, (i) arising under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act or 1974 or regulations promulgated thereunder, or under any other law or regulation of the United States or any agency or
instrumentality thereof or law or regulation of any state or political subdivision or any agency or instrumentality of either, or under the common law of any of the foregoing, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, penalties,
taxes and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonable incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a fiduciary, disqualified person or party in interest with respect
to an employee benefit plan covering employees of the Corporation or of a subsidiary corporation, or is or was serving in any other capacity with respect to such plan, or has or had any obligations or duties with respect to such plan by reason of
such laws or regulations, provided that such person was or is a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or (ii) under revenue or taxation laws or regulations, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, penalties,
taxes, amounts paid in settlement and amounts paid as penalties or fines necessary to contest the imposition of such penalties or fines, actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding by reason of
the fact that he or she is or was acting in his or her official capacity as a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, as the case may be, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or
agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise and had responsibility for or participated in activities relating to compliance with such revenue or taxation laws and regulations; provided, however, that such
person did not act dishonestly or in willful or reckless violation of the provisions of the law or regulation under which such suit or proceeding arises. Unless the Board of Directors determines that under the circumstances then existing, it is
probable that such Director, officer, employee or agent will not be entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation under this section, expenses incurred in defending such suit or proceeding, including the amount of any penalties or fines necessary to
be paid to contest the imposition of such penalties or fines, shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Director, officer, employee or agent
to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation under this section.
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Section 7. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, and granted pursuant to, this article shall not be deemed exclusive of
any other rights to which those indemnified or advanced expenses may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested Directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in his or
her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a Director or officer who has ceased to be a Director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators
of the Director or officer, and may, upon such act of the Board of Directors, continue as to such other persons and inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such other persons.
Section 8. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Director, officer, employee or agent of
the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and
incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not he or she would be entitled to indemnity against such liability under the provisions of this article.
Section 9. The provisions of this article shall be deemed to be a contract between the Corporation and each person who serves as such officer or
director in any such capacity at any time while this article and the relevant provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law or other applicable laws, if any, are in effect, and any repeal or modification of any such law or of this article shall
not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts then or theretofore existing or any action, suit or proceeding theretofore or thereafter brought or threatened based in whole or in part upon any such state of
facts.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall be in such form as may be approved from time to time by the Board of Directors. The seal
may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.
Section 3. Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under law or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or
these By-Laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent to notice.
Section 4. Resignations. Any Director, whenever elected or appointed, may resign at any time by serving notice in writing or by electronic
transmission of such resignation on the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. Any such resignation by a Director shall take effect at the time specified in the notice of resignation or, if no time is specified, immediately upon receipt of the
notice. Any officer, whenever elected or appointed, may resign at any time by serving written notice of such resignation on the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary, and such resignation shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of
business on the date said notice is received by the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary. No formal action shall be required of the Board of Directors or the stockholders to make any such resignation effective.
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Section 5. Shares of Other Corporations. Any shares in any other corporation which may from time to time be held by this Corporation may be
represented and voted at any meeting of shareholders of such corporation by the Chief Executive Officer, President, an Executive, Senior or other Vice President, or the Secretary of this Corporation, or by any other person or persons thereunto
authorized by the Board of Directors, or by any proxy designated by written instrument of appointment executed in the name of this Corporation by its Chief Executive Officer, President, or an Executive, Senior or other Vice President and attested by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary.
Section 6. Electronic Transmissions. For purposes of these By-Laws, "electronic transmission" means any form of communication, not directly
involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such recipient through an automated process.
Section 7. Forum for Adjudication of Disputes. (a) Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the
sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any Director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the
Corporation or the Corporation's stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a
state or federal court located within the state of Delaware, in all cases subject to the court's having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in
shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 7(a).
(b) Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of
America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the
Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 7(b).
Section 8. Conflict with Applicable Law or Certificate of Incorporation. These By-laws are adopted subject to any applicable law and the
Certificate of Incorporation. Whenever these By-laws may conflict with any applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, such conflict shall be resolved in favor of such law or the Certificate of Incorporation.
ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENTS
These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new By-Laws may be adopted by the Board of Directors. The fact that the power to amend,
alter, repeal or adopt the By-Laws has been conferred upon the Board of Directors shall not divest the stockholders of the same powers.
ARTICLE IX
SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
These By-Laws and the provisions hereof are subject to the terms and conditions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (including
any certificates of designations filed thereunder).
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