At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero from your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. At this time, it's now my pleasure to introduce your host, Andy Hedberg, Vice President of Investor Relations. Andy, you may now begin.

Thank you. Hello, everyone, and welcome to Ecolab's fourth quarter conference call. With me today are Christophe Beck, Ecolab's chairman and CEO, and Scott Kirkland, our CFO. A discussion of our results, along with our earnings release and the slides referencing the quarter's results, are available on Ecolab's website at ecolab.com slash investors. Please take a moment to read the cautionary statements in these materials, which state that this teleconference and the associated supplemental materials include estimates of future performance. These are forward-looking statements that actual results could differ materially from those projected.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ are described under the risk factors section in our most recent form 10k and in our poster materials we also refer you to the supplemental diluted earnings per share information in the release with that i'd like to turn the call over christoph back for his comment thank you so much andy and welcome to everyone joining us today 2025 was another record year for ecolab with record-breaking sales margins earnings per share and free cash flow this was all enabled by the exception of total value of a team and and technologies delivered to customers, helping them achieve better business outcomes, operational performance, and environmental impact. Thanks to our team's dedication and expertise, we're entering 2026 with strong momentum and are very well positioned to deliver continued high performance with confidence. In Q4, we delivered 15% adjusted EPS growth with quarterly growth strengthening throughout the year. This was driven by accelerating underlying sales growth growth, and continued strong OI margin expansion. Organic sales grew 3%, driven by 3% value pricing and positive volume growth. Volume actually was stronger than it appeared, with performance improving across most of our businesses. Food and beverage accelerated to 5%, pest elimination and life sciences both accelerated to 7%, and specialty continued to drive significant share gains, growing 7% as well. Institutional's underlying sales growth was consistent with prior quarters, excluding the unexpected short-term impact from lower distributor inventories. We also maintain strong double-digit growth in global high-tech and Ecolab Digital. And taken together, this strong momentum lifted Ecolab's underlying volume growth to 2%, driving mid-single-digit underlying organic sales growth when we exclude impact from basic industries, his paper and his lower distributor inventories. In other words, our core businesses and our growth engines are doing very well. We expect the distributor impact to largely normalize in the first quarter of 2026. We also continue to anticipate basic industries and paper's performance to progressively improve in 2026. Combined with strong new business wins and continued momentum across our growth engines, we expect volume growth to get back to 1% as we exit the first quarter, with growth accelerating further as the year progresses. Our strengthening underlying sales drove organic operating income growth of 12% and expanded our organic operating income margin by 140 basis points to 18.5%. This resulted in a fully operating income margin of 18% of 150 basis points versus as last year. We're confident we can continue to expand our OI margin well beyond the 20 percent. Now before I move into our 2026 outlook, I want to take a moment to acknowledge current events in Minnesota. It could have customers in more than 170 countries, but Minnesota has been our home for more than a century. It is where our headquarters sits and where thousands of our colleagues, customers, and communities count on us every single day. In recent weeks, Ecolab along with other business leaders across the state have come together to call for de-escalation and a constructive path forward. As a company that has always believed in doing well by doing good, we stepped in early to help rally business leadership and support the efforts underway. way. I'm proud of the progress we're seeing and encouraged by the positive momentum. As expressed in an open letter signed by 60 Minnesota-based CEOs, the business community has an important role in supporting stability, strengthening local businesses, and helping build a brighter future for Minnesota. We will continue to work together to help ensure Minnesota remains a strong and resilient place to live work now looking ahead to 2026 our priorities are very clear first it's rapidly grow total value delivered to customers across our core businesses second it's to accelerate our one ecolab growth initiative and third is to fuel our growth engines we expect three to four percent organic sales growth this year with growth accelerating as the year progresses driven by strengthening volume gains and continued 2 to 3 percent value price. Total reported sales, including the Avivo Electronics acquisition, is expected to grow up per single digits in 2026. And with this strong growth, OI margin is anticipated to expand 100 to 150 basis points to more than 19 percent, resulting in an OI growth of 14 to 16 percent. Altogether, This is expected to drive strong EPS growth of 12% to 15%, which includes the headwind of additional non-cash amortization from the Avivo acquisition. Our first priority is to rapidly grow total value delivered, or as we call it, TVD. Across our core businesses, TVD is our formal framework for measuring the business outcomes, operational performance, and environmental impact we deliver to customers. When we deliver measurable value across these three dimensions, it not only drives share gains, but it earns Ecolab's ability to value price. And with a strong customer value pipeline heading into 2026, we remain very confident in delivering 2% to 3% pricing this year. What makes our value model so powerful is our best-in-class approach. With our scale, digital intelligence, and global service, Ecolab partners with customers to define what best-in-class looks like and scale it across their operations helping them achieve peak performance. This is how consistently help customers lower costs, reduce risk, and improve performance across their entire enterprise. Innovation is also essential to our best-in-class value model and our 2026 lineup is strong and keeps getting stronger. In global high-tech, we're launching direct-to-chip cooling as a service to the data center market. This brings liquid cooling right where it's needed the most, the chip. By combining our CDO platform with Ecolab 3D Tracer real-time monitoring, advanced coolant technology, and on-site service, we improve uptime, lower cooling costs, and allow more power to be put towards compute. In food and beverage, we're launching CIPIQ, an AI-enabled digital solution that uses real-time analytics for a smarter way to optimize cleaning place. It increases capacity, reduces water and energy use, and improves quality control and product safety, helping customers run more efficiently at a time when every hour of production matters. EARLY INTEREST IS STRONG AND WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO A HEALTHIER ROLLOUT IN 2026. IN INSTITUTIONAL SPECIALTY, WE FOCUSED ON SCALING OUR IQ SUITE, DISH IQ, ACQUA IQ, KITCHEN IQ AND BEVERAGE IQ. THESE SOLUTIONS DIRECTLY ADDRESS LABOR SHORTAGES, GEST SATISFACTION AND RISING OPERATING COSTS, GIVING OPERATORS SMARTER, MORE AUTOMATED WAYS TO RUN THEIR KITCHENS AND FRONT OF THE HOUSE OPERATIONS. We expect strong growth from the suite in 2026 as well. And in pest elimination, we're expanding beyond our rodent-focused smart devices with a new smart solution for cockroaches, extending the reach and impact of our pest intelligence platforms. Moving into our second priority in 2026, expanding the OneEcoLab Growth Initiative. We've demonstrated immense success over the last year. we've aligned our global resources to better serve our top 35 global customers, where there is a 3.5 billion growth opportunity. In 2025, sales growth with this group outpaced total company by approximately 2 percentage points. This year, we're expanding this model to our largest regional customers around the world, leveraging the tools, processes, and sales structures built for our top 35 customers. Within OneEcolab, we've also delivered more than $100 million in SG&A savings as of year-end 2025. We achieved this by consolidating functional work into our global centers of excellence and deploying a number of agentic AI applications as one of the most advanced companies. As we shared at Invest a Day, our initial OneEcolab rollout exceeded expectations, allowing us to increase our savings target from $140 million to $225 million by 2027. And today, we're increasing our savings target again to $325 million by the same year, 2027, due to the continued success of the overall program. Finally, looking at our growth engines, they now represent about 20% of our portfolio, including Arrivo Electronics, which closed earlier than expected. Together, our growth engines have very attractive long-term OI margin profiles, and in 2026, we expect them to collectively grow double digits, lifting Ecolab sales growth. When we look at what's fueling that trajectory, global high-tech is leading the way, as AI expands and every part of its value chain depends on water. The fabs that make the chips, the power plants that fuel the chips, and the data centers that run and cool them. Ecolab is uniquely positioned in all these markets to help enable the AI build-out. With Ovivo Electronics now part of Ecolab, we provide the ultra-pure water essential for semiconductor manufacturing, supporting the fabs producing the world's most advanced chips. As we bring our unmatched capabilities together, we're building a unique circular water offering for the fast-growing microelectronics sector. And Ovivo is off to a strong start in 2026, as we have already secured several new fabs where our leading ultra-fuel water technologies will be deployed. On the data center side, the industry expects unprecedented demand for AI to continue to rapidly expand. Higher rack densities and rising cheap heat make liquid cooling mission critical. Our redirect-to-chip cooling platform, including integrated 3D Tracer monitoring and on-site service, positions us to help data centers improve cooling asset performance, reduce the power required to cool, and return more power to compute. And as the industry increasingly turns to water to cool next-generation chips like NVIDIA's Vera Rubin platform, we're very well positioned, backed by more than a century of experience managing cooling and water systems in complex environments at scale. As strong as that momentum is, it's only part of our growth engine story. Another major contributor is pest elimination. Nearly every Ecolab customer today uses some form of pest elimination. With our one Ecolab selling strategy, we're unlocking a 3 billion cross-sell opportunity by delivering the most compelling outcomes in the industry, targeting 99% pest relocation through a digitally connected pest intelligence platform. We're leaders in deploying digital technologies to this commercial market and expect to have more than 1 million smart devices in the field in 2026. This technology not only drives best-in-class outcomes for our customers, but it also frees our team to spend more time driving strong sales growth while continuing to expand margin. We're also seeing exceptional progress in life sciences. We delivered our best year yet in bioprocessing, with sales up nearly 75% in 2025. Life Sciences has the potential to be one of Ecolab's highest margin businesses, where we target long-term operating margins of 30%. We're investing behind these attractive and significant long-term opportunities with breakthrough biopharma purification innovations, new digital solutions, and capacity expansions. That includes the capacity expansion of our Life Sciences Industrial Water Purification business, which is expected to begin production in the second half of this year, removing a constraint that created a drag in 2025 and positioning us for stronger growth in the years ahead. And the fourth engine powering our growth is Ecolab Digital. We've grown this business to only 400 million in annual sales, increasing more than 20% in 2025, and we're still in the very early days. We're investing heavily to bring market-leading digital solutions to our customers across our portfolio. In 2025, more than 25% of our innovation pipeline was digital, which has grown significantly over the last few years. The strength of Ecolab Digital comes from its focus on solving critical customer challenges and increasing the total value delivered to our customers. With all of this, we enter 2026 confident in our ability to deliver continued strong performance, and we're off to a strong start in the first quarter. For the year, we expect reported sales growth of 7% to 9% and organic sales growth of 3% to 4%, with organic growth accelerating as the year progresses, driven by strengthening volume growth. And with 100% to 150 basis points of OI margin expansion, we expect 14% to 16% OI growth and EPS growth of 12% to 15%, including the impact of Avivo. I'll end where I often do. The best of Ecolab is yet to come. Our ability to improve customers' business outcomes, operational performance, and environmental impact is more relevant than ever, and it's powering consistent double-digit EPS crops. So thanks so much for your interest and your investment in Ecolab. I look forward to your questions. Thanks, Christophe.

That concludes our formal remarks. Operator, would you please begin the question and answer period.

Thank you. We'll now be conducting a question and answer session. We ask you to please limit yourself to one question per caller so those who will have a chance to participate. If you have additional questions, please rejoin the Q&A queue. If you'd like to ask a question at this time, you may press star 1 from your telephone keypad and the confirmation tone will indicate your lines in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment, please, while we poll for questions. Thank you. And our first question is from the line of Tim Mulroney with William Blair. Please receive your question.

Good afternoon, Christoph.

Good afternoon, Tim.

I just wanted to double-click on the—you gave a lot of good color in the prepared remarks, but I just wanted to double-click on that volume cadence as you move through the year, the specifically organic volumes? Because I know you've got a couple of headwinds from paper and basic, and as well the inventory thing with institutional. So how do you think about these headwinds moving through the year, as well as not then on the other side of it, you got that solid momentum and some of these other businesses. Can you walk me through these pieces and taking that all into account, how you're thinking about the trajectory for organic volumes, specifically as you move to the year?

I'd love to, Tim. And our framework remains the same with the 1 to 2 percent volume growth in 223 to get to these 3 to 4, so for the year accelerating in 2026. And when I step back, the truth is that the volume growth in Q4 was almost the same as in Q3, as you know. So we round up or down our volume and the difference versus around zero and around one was actually only a few million dollars so at the end of the day it was almost the same in Q4 as in Q3 which is why earnings were strong and I feel great about where we going but what makes me the most optimistic about our future is that, well, 85% of our businesses are doing great. As mentioned, F&B, which we're building around this F&B United idea of bringing hygiene and water very closely together, that's done in North America. Well, it's accelerated to 5%, life science to 7%, best to 7%, water x paper and basic um to five percent and ins um x this distribution uh inventory story there what was going to say um at four percent with specialty steady um at seven percent so in other words um what i really like is that our portfolio is shifting to higher growth higher margin businesses which is exactly where we want to go um and we deal obviously so um with the uh 15 of the portfolio, that needs work. There will always be something, and I expect paper and basics to kind of get to a much better place as we progress in 2026. So if I put all that together, improving the underperforming businesses of paper and basic, normalization of the distributor, inventory and institutional, and 85% of the company growing very nicely. I expect a Q1 to be pretty similar to Q4 but with acceleration towards the end of the quarter and acceleration continuing in the quarters to come during the year of 2026. So overall a very good trajectory especially from the underlying growth.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Manav Patniak with Barclays. Please just use your question.

Thank you. Christophe, I was hoping you could just double click on the global high-tech piece, the water, the semis, the data center piece, post Avivo, just help us size, what do you think the growth rate is, where the opportunities are, and perhaps if you see any roadblocks to you achieving some of your growth ambitions there.

I'd love to. Thanks for that question. So Global High Tech is kind of a new business for us. Started it three, four years ago. Really focused on data centers and on FABs, which is the short term name for manufacturing of microelectronics chips. And if I step back, as I've mentioned so many times, why are we so interested in that field? On one hand, well, AI demand is booming. Is that going to be a straight line to heaven? Probably not. There's going to be ups and slower ups probably as well going forward, but the trend are clearly up and we see it from an investment perspective. Second, the power and water that's required for that is incredible as mentioned so by 2030 we expect an incremental need of power for the whole of the electrical consumption of India and the incremental needs of the fresh water use of the whole United States so at the end of the day well at the heart of AI is water as mentioned before to produce the chips because they're produced in ultra-pure water to power the chips because power generation is the second largest water user in the world of the agriculture and the third one is to cool chips which is shifting towards water at the same time so high gross market where water is a part of it and especially so on those two key areas of farms and data centers And one might argue that power generation is also part of it. It was kind of a flat market for a very long time. Well, that's changing because we need much more power. That's going to help as well on the side. But it's not part of our global high tech. So the way we're thinking about building it on fabs, since one fab requires the amount of water equivalent to 17 million people. that's an example in Korea for instance there where the solution is to provide technology where you can recirculate water within the farm which is really hard because at the same time the quality of the water that's used to produce the chip is directly correlated to the quality of the advanced chips and that thousand times more pure than water that's used in blood injections by the We saw recycling water that's difficult to recycle at the super high standard. Well, that's exactly what Avivo helps us to do. That was the piece of the puzzle that was missing for us. And now we can provide, so the semiconductor manufacturers with circular water solutions. And we're seeing very high interest from the key players out there. And the second and last I'll mention is data centers. Well, for a long time, they've been air-cooled that required cooling towers with a lot of water that we've been used to manage for a very long time. Now that's shifting to liquid cooling, which means that you reuse the liquid in the data center, a liquid that's coming straight on top of the chip. And that liquid is not water today, but it's getting towards water tomorrow because it's the liquid with the best thermal properties which is what we mastered the most as well at the same time. So liquid cooling in circular mode for data centers and circular water for fabs manufacturing that's the way we're thinking about it. We added Avivo for fabs and we will keep building our capabilities on data center today. Combined these two businesses are roughly a billion dollar growing strong double digits right now at very high margin. And we see many opportunities to make that business way bigger in the years to come.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Ashish Sabhadra with RBC Capital Markets. Please receive your question.

Thanks for taking my question. I just wanted to drill down further on the drivers for the 100 to 150 basis point of margin expansion. You obviously raised the One Ecolab saving targets and talked about 100 million of savings already achieved in 2025. I was wondering if you could provide any incremental color on the savings in 26, but also tailwinds from pricing as well as makeshift in 26. Thanks.

Great, thank you Ashish. I'll pass it to Scott just to stop the answer here.

Yeah, thanks, Ashish. Similar to the targets we set out at Investor Day last fall, this 100 to 150 basis points is anchored on really two things, gross margins, which is at 75 to 100 basis points annually, which we're thinking about that long term, same sort of targets for 2026. And then this 25 to 50 basis points of SG&A leverage annually through 2030. So that's how we get to this 100 to 150 basis points. And then just diving into the gross margin, the drivers of that being the value-based pricing that Christoph referenced, our mix of businesses. As you see, these growth engines being higher margin businesses, but also innovation. And then on the SG&A savings, if you look at over the last five years, we've delivered sales productivity almost 30%, which is sort of sales per head, which is part of that driver. Then on top of that, with that, we're also driving the OneEcolab program, which Christoph announced that we've now increased that savings target to $325. And that $325, as we think about it, about $120 million. So think of sort of a third, a third, a third, a little bit more than a third through the end of $25. and then the remaining $200 million will be sort of equally over the next two years. And so that'll be a driver of that 25 to 50 basis points as well.

Our next question is from the line of John McNulty with BMO Capital Markets. Let's receive your questions.

Yeah, good morning. Thanks for taking, or good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. So I wanted to drill down a little bit into the incremental margins because it looks like what we saw in PEST was kind of a really explosive incremental margin in terms of how much kind of came down to the bottom line. And then when I look at things like the life sciences side, it was dramatically less so. It was probably the weaker of the performers of your businesses. So I guess, can you unpack that a little bit in terms of what some of those dynamics might be, why we're seeing such different results by segment and how we should be thinking about that going forward?

Hey, thank you, John. Looks like Scottie's on a roll, so he's going to take the first part of the answer here.

Yeah, thanks, John. As we've talked about in the past, we don't really think about incremental margins in that way, but I get your point on life sciences and past. The life sciences, you saw the OI growth in low single digits in Q4, but frankly, that was as we expected because we had targeted OI margins in that mid-teen range. It was due to two things. One, as we talked about, we're investing in that business. Underlying margins are actually better. And on top of it, you had a year-on-year comparison, sort of bad comp, if you will, on life sciences, really because of performance-based compensation. And that business, sales accelerate throughout the year, as Christoph talked about, and the OI growth for the full year was 30%. And so they've earned that performance-based compensation. But we really expect that business going forward to increase that OI to increase double digits into 26 and going forward. And then PES, as you mentioned, was sort of the opposite. And again, that was comparing against a comp last year. As you might remember we had a spike in accidents at the end of last year which is creating a a lower base point for them but again that business is doing really well as Christophe said growing seven percent top line and OI margins north of twenty percent and we expect to continue that trajectory.

So maybe a few points here so to build on what Scott just said so not every quarter is treated equal you can have year-on-year visitor comparisons like our accidents are in pest elimination which were unfortunate a year prior obviously that's changing obviously the march profile on a year on your basis it's also investment pacing um by business we all in the spirit of investing the right way at the right time uh it's not always equal um in every quarter and here i'm speaking um about life science um for instance as well but generally is really making sure that we get or beat the 20% OI margin that we've talked about over 2027. We feel really good about it. So we're at 18%. So last year, we're planning to be north of 19% in 26. And I'm already thinking about what's beyond the 20% because many of our businesses are either beyond 20% already or have underlying margins that are already north of it, which is the case of life science.

Our next question is from the line of Chris Parkinson with Wolf Research. Please proceed to your question.

Good afternoon. Christoph, if we could just dig in a little bit to what you're seeing in the global water business. You know, over the last couple quarters there's been a bit of a divergence between light and heavy within water. Mining seems, you know, mixed, perhaps some, you know, life in certain metals. F&B, it seems like it's inflected and papers continue to be a drag. But can you just kind of give the way you're give us some insights on how you're thinking about that business in 2026 you know what you would need to see at the top and the bottom end and forgive me for coming up my own range but you know to the three and a half to four and a half percent range called fourth myth when obviously just how are you thinking about this business and what are you hearing from your teams to kind of confirm or deny the the bottom or the top end of that range thank you I'd love to Chris water is half the company sorry it's a big chunk of it We've built that business since 2011, obviously, when we acquired Malko.

And our ambition was really to create the world's water company. And we've come to that ambition over the last 10 years. And there is that feeling that we're just getting started on that journey. Now, that being said, we're serving many end markets with water. obviously some are growing very fast and some are growing a little bit less but no one has the capabilities that we do have and the reach that we have around the world plus the digital technology that we bring into it in order for our customers so to reuse and recycle water so in a closed circle as mentioned so for the ghd or global high tech example as i described a little bit before so So if we look at the performance of that business, Chris, yes, we grew up 2% organic in Q4 as a whole, but if you exclude basic and paper, which are in a down part of the cycle, well, water was growing 5% in Q4, which is very strong performance, and we still want to get better than that. As I mentioned, so the biggest business in there is food and beverage. We are merging hygiene and water to provide the best solutions for our customers around the world. We've done it in North America. It's led to very good results. 5% for that business is good in an industry that's flat, by the way, and customers that we are serving as well here. And we've only done North America. with F&B United we're going to keep expanding around the world then there is the global high-tech story that I just described before Chris which is close to a billion dollar which is growing so in strong double-digit rates with very high margins as well at the same time and then you have all the businesses in between from manufacturing areas for instance to our institutional water business as well which is providing water services to our institutional businesses as well but bottom line so we end up with a business that underlying growth is close to the mid single so these five percent drag down by basic and paper but those two will recover that's the good and the less good things of a little bit more cyclical businesses and we will deal with that so you bring together strong underlying growth acceleration in global high-tech and recovering of basic and paper industries and you end up in a pretty good place in the business that has strong margins we had a very good quarter in Q4 I think it was the second highest quarter of the last five years from a margin perspective and water will get as well so to the 20 percent and move beyond the 20 percent in the years to come.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Seth Weber with BMP Paribas. Please receive your question.

Christoph, in your prepared remarks in the slide deck, there were a bunch of mentions about new business wins. I'm wondering, can you just give a little bit more color around that? Are these conquests from other providers or or, you know, just new, you know, companies that are new to the space that are kind of just adding suppliers or any color around these new business ones would be helpful.

Yeah. New business is the number one focus of the whole company. We have this mantra of we're all in sales, so no one is not selling in the company. it's either you're dealing with customers every single day or you're supporting someone with serving customers every single day I have this objective myself to meet once a week the CEO of a customer and last year I met close to 100 customers as well so this is where we all collectively spent most of our time now we are focusing first and foremost on our current customers And our largest customers as well. As mentioned earlier, so our top 35 customers have a growth potential of three and a half billion. Well, this is where we want to focus our attention first and foremost, because it's the most obvious growth to get. And that's why we're growing much faster with those customers than everyone else. And it's the most cost-effective way, obviously, so to get new business because we have service people going into those sites already today. So it's expanding the share of wallet. And at the same time, it's helping our customers because we go with end-to-end solutions, helping them get to best-in-class performance. They get better total value delivered, better for their P&L. We get a share of it. So at the same time, we get higher growth, better margin for us, and it's a better deal for our customers. That's the first priority that we have. And second, it's to do the same for our local large customers around the world. And the third priority are more the individual customers around the world. And the last thing I'd say, we had our Global Blitz two weeks ago, which is engaging the whole organization around the world on your business and within one week we managed so to to grow our new business versus the same week um a year ago by over 30 percent uh during that week as well so a very good story our value proposition is very well received by our customers because they need it more than ever either because they don't even have water or they're trying to improve their cost performance because they have price pressure cost pressure and so on this is the value that ecolab provides to them this is the way we sell and this is why our new business is going very well why retention remains very stable as well so across our businesses around the world thank you the next question is from the line of andrew whitman with baird Great.

Excuse me. Thank you. I guess I wanted to ask a couple kind of maybe kind of punch list items here, but usually you all have a view on FX that's included in your guidance. And I didn't see one in this press release. Scott, I was wondering if you could talk about the FX rates that are implicit in your EPS guidance raise. So that was kind of one there. And then I just, Just on the expected volume improvements on the water side, Christoph, are you seeing that – is this just going to be a comps game where the comps get easier, or are you in fact expecting the volumes in some of those more challenged industries to actually improve? And if so, what are you looking at that gives you that indication?

Thank you, Andy. So let me start with the second part, and then I'll pass the FX to Scott. So very different questions, obviously. The new business for the whole company has kept going up in absolute terms. So dollar of net new business, so net of what we might have lost, which is very little usually. This is true for water, and this is true for the challenge businesses as well of basic and paper. They also got to record new business. It's just that the demand then afterwards of those businesses is lower year on year, and that's driving the growth or the slight decline that these two businesses are experiencing as well at the same time. But generally, your business, Andy, is a very strong proposition for us. That's why we focus the whole organization on it, making sure that whatever happens out there, your business is where you need to focus your time, gain share, even in a market that might be declining. So good story, even in our challenged businesses. Now on FX, Scott?

Yeah, happy to answer the mechanical questions, Andy. So on the FX for 26, we're not expecting significant help or hurt. We're sort of thinking it's neutral of the year. Just given the current position of the dollar, probably slightly favorable in the first half, but really assuming neutral in the second half going in. Obviously, the FX is pretty dynamic, you know, the macro environment, so that could change. But that's our going in assumption. But even any upside in the first half, as you look at sort of all items below OI, there's going to be offsets to that, as we had in our guidance that the tax rate is going to go up from the 20.2 we had this year to somewhere between 20.5 to 21.5. And then also, which wasn't in our specific guidance, but other income is going to be a little bit of a headwind. It'll be about $30 million next year. So that's about a $20 million decrease on that other income just due to pension assumptions. So, you know, if you look at as a whole below OI items, they're not a net help to us.

But maybe a point on this FX, because it's always when we think about the next year or the beginning of the year. So what are the assumptions that we've taken when I think a year ago or even all the years prior, Andy, we were almost never right. We thought that FX would be a massive headwind in 2025. Well, it was not. we thought that our delivered product cost would be pretty benign. Okay, the whole tariff situation changed quite a bit during the year as we now, and we adjusted. So we've gotten used to become very agile, to adapt to local conditions, and make absolutely sure that we still deliver our to 15 earnings per share. So we hope or we think that FX is going to be pretty benign in 26. Maybe it's not. And if it's not, we would adjust accordingly as well as we've done in the past few years.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Vincent Andrews with Morgan Stanley. Please review your question.

Thank you, and good afternoon. Just a question on the OneEcolab cost savings, you know, you raised it again, and I'm just wondering if your assessment is that, you know, this will probably be the last raise to it, or if you still think there's opportunity there. Maybe there's some conservatism in the number, because it looks like the cash costs associated with achieving these benefits are still nicely above the benefits themselves. And I often think of those two lines, those two numbers ultimately intersecting. So maybe just your latest thoughts there and how that might carry forward into 27.

You know, maybe a comment before I pass it to Scott. I don't think it's conservatism. It could have been, but it's not. in that case. We're leveraging a business of technology, AI agents, agentic technology as we're here that no one has really done so far. So there's no real benchmark blowprint out there. You've probably seen that we ranked number nine on the Fortune AI list of most prepared companies. So for the age of AI, I really saw encourage the whole team to embrace technology, to stay at the frontier of what's out there and to see how it works. And for the most part, it's been a very good story. It's not a perfect story. There are places where it didn't work, but 80% of the time, it's working really well, where it's driving better outcome for our customers, for our teams, the way we operate, while at the same time driving huge productivity gains.

And my feeling is that it's going to keep improving in the years to come. but we don't know exactly where it's going to come from because the technology in some cases doesn't even exist scott yeah christoph said it very well vincent um you know the savings momentum is better than we expected as you said moving from that 225 to 325 now by 2027 and it's that way as we're learning but also moving up the value chain as we deploy technology and ai and high-touch processes and then leveraging the global coes that christopher referenced before which allows us to deploy that technology at scale but i think as we think about 26 to 27 that incremental 200 million dollars from what we've already realized i would think about that pretty evenly and then long term this is really an abler to this 25 to 50 basis points of sgna leverage which is our long-term target and that's relative to historically what we've done about 20 to 30 basis points so really almost doubling our sgna leverage that we've had historically enabled by the OneEqual app and the scalability that it provides.

Thank you. At this time, we'll go to the next slide. A question is from the line of Patrick Cunningham with Citibank. Please see if there's a question.

Hi, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. Just on the digital sales piece, could you maybe give us an update on, you know, how your ability to monetize these technologies, you know, has evolved in 2025, you know, where you ultimately see it going and where you're getting the best traction with customers?

Thank you, Patrick. Love that question. Well, at Ecolab, we've been for a long time in the business of building great new businesses. And Ecolab Digital, as we know, as you know, is a fairly new business that we started two years ago. It's not that we started digital technology and digital offerings to our customers two years ago. We just did it as part of our offering for 30 years when we invested in 3D Tracer technology and we haven't monetized directly that offering to our customers for 28 years of the last 30 years that we've been in that field. So we're building that new organization, we created a dedicated organization on that opportunity. It is in the early years it's not perfect it's a bit rough on the edges at the beginning but that's always been true when when we build a new businesses but the fact that we are already generating close to 400 million of sales which encompasses only two components of it it's connected hardware and it's software those are the two elements that are driving those 400 million a very high margin and growing obviously knows of 20 percent and I think we grow probably 25 percent in 26 as well here and we really at the beginning of it you know the way we think about digital sales at Ecolab and especially in the future is what we call the 100 100 100 where hundred percent of the customer locations that we serve will have to be connected. 100% of the applications that we provide to each of those locations, think about the hotel where you have a dish machine, a laundry machine, an AC unit, pest elimination, EcoSure audit systems and all that, those are the applications, 100% of them need to be connected. And the third element is 100% of the time where people pay for it. So 100% of the units, 100% of the applications, 100% billable offering. This is the way we think about it. And that's why when I think about the $400 million we have today, we have just scratched the surface of what we can do. We still have a lot of customers using those technologies that do not pay because they're still on the old programs and we have a lot of customers that do not use it new today especially in institutional because it's relatively new that the cost barrier is not the barrier anymore so for most of our customers as well and we have millions of customers out there that can use it that's why ecolab digital is a great story very early in that development and I think it's going to become one of the biggest cross drivers of our company going forward by driving customer benefits ultimately

because our promise is to have them reduce their total operating cost that the TVD that we've always promised to our customers the next questions from the line of David Bakelater with Deutsche Bank please receive your question thank you Christoph back to basic industries and paper is your confidence in a back-end recovery just because of easier comps or are you seeing some underlying improvement in these end markets as we progress through the quarter? Thank you.

Thanks David. It's a combination of both. That industry, so the paper and packaging industry, has had a dual challenge. On one hand, demand that was pretty low and at the same time, related to it, consolidation of the industry. So consolidation means that they were closing paper mills and a paper mill for us is a big chunk. So it can be up to 10 or 15 million of sales in one location. Well, if it happens that that location gets closed, okay, there's not much you can do because you're not going to sell much to that location anymore. So we had to go through that the last 12 to 24 months, and that seems to be behind us. We haven't seen, in our environment, mill closures in the last few months, which obviously is good news for us as we enter 2026. New business is good in that business as well. Innovation is strong as well at the same time. And the margin of that business was, what, 13% last year. It's not Ecolab average, but it's still okay, if I may say. So the combination of both, kind of recovering progressively and pretty good margins, even in a down environment in 2025, makes me a bit more optimistic for 2026, but I'm not even close to declaring victory on this one. the same for basic industries different industries obviously but similar model as well so we're dealing with it making sure we make money in all of those businesses we keep gaining share as well and as those industries recover that's going to help us as well the next question is from

the line of Shlomo Rosenblum with Stiefel please receive your questions hi thank you very much Quick questions.

Christoph, if you normalize for that distributor inventory reductions, again, you know, just looking at a normalized way, what's going on with the volumes? Are the volumes actually going up? Like if you didn't have that surprise, are the volumes going up or you're still, you know, you're kind of at a flattish trajectory? And then there's just a technical question I want to ask afterwards. On slide 13, on the top left, it talks about water's organic operating income growth is expected to something in the first quarter of 2026, and it's blank or there's a word missing. Is that expected to go up, go down, be flat? If someone could just answer that. Thank you.

So, thank you, Shlomo. So, a few questions, obviously, that you have in there. INS, institutional and specialty, basically nothing changed from a demand perspective. And if you normalize, it was 4% organic, so for INS and 3% for the institutional division and 7% for specialty. So generally, nothing to see in INS. In a market that's a difficult market, as you've probably noticed, the restaurant and the hospitality industry is not doing great right now, but we're gaining a lot of share, which is really good. Maybe a comment on this distributor inventory, why did they go down and that's not under our control and so usually it's our customers deciding that. Well, the better we become in our supply chain service, the more reliable, the more accurate we become, well, the less inventory they need to carry from our products. we've seen that in the past a few times already that happens mostly at the end of the year as well well that's exactly what happened in the in the fourth quarter and that takes a few weeks to happen and then it takes a few weeks or a few months so to normalize as well but it's driven by two good things on one hand demand hasn't changed and on the other hand the inventories went down because our service improved okay we don't like the optics but generally it's a good thing as well so going forward and your question so on the the water so for the the slide 13 I had no idea what slide 13 was to be honest so I'm glad I have some help here I think that word was missing and what I'm seeing here it should have said expected to accelerate thank you the next question is from the line of Jeff Stokowskis with JP Morgan please use your question uh thanks very much i have a couple of questions about avivo is avivo roughly 500

million in sales maybe growing to 550 and is the ebit i don't know 75 million the ebitda 100 can you give us an idea about that and oh vivo is a combination i i think of sale of equipment and consumables? What's the balance between equipment sales and consumables? And in the fourth quarter, it seems that you excluded it. That is, you took out the interest costs that were connected with the acquisition and the revenues of Ovivo itself. Why did you treat it that way from an accounting standpoint? And what do you plan to do in the first quarter?

Thank you. Thank you, Jeff. So I've stopped looking at me because I'm not the accountant here in the group there. So he's going to take that question of the December accounting, and I'll cover you other questions after that.

Thanks, Jeff. So as you know, Avivo closed a bit earlier than we expected and wanted to show the Q4, really show the underlying business without the transaction noise, which was very consistent of how we handled both the PureLight and Nalco acquisitions. So if you look at it, because in Q4, the deal closed in the middle of December. In Q4, we had like a half a month of interest expense, but very minimal sales and a live benefit, just given the timing of flows and mixed to the business geographically. So it would have been very noisy and was not part of our guidance that we had for Q4. And again, it's consistent with how we treated PureLight and Nalco.

That's the first part of the question. So I hope it answers your question, Jeff. And so now on Arriva, as a business, it's roughly half a billion. Yes, it's a bit less than that. And it's growing double-digit. The way it looks for the first quarter is double-digit growth as well. I've been very pleased with the new business in that field. It's focused 99% on fabs, as you know, and we've closed a few very interesting deals in Singapore and in the U.S. It's very few customers, as we know, that are producing microelectronics chips, but those are very big every single time. There's no one that can do what Avivo can do, and there's no one that can do what together we can do, which is this circular approach of reusing and recycling ultra-pew water. 95% of the water does not get recycled in microelectronics today, which is a major issue. Our ambition is to get north of 80% recycled, so from 5% to 80% or in some cases even 100% of reuse. Now to your question on equipment and consumables. OVIVO as such is mostly technology and much less consumable. What's important to us is the combination of Ecolab and Avivo, which then becomes very much like an Ecolab business where it's mostly consumables and technology as a secondary growth driver. That's why we really like it. It was a technology that was really hard to develop. No one is even coming close to them, Jeff. We could have developed it ourselves. else, it would have taken years. The second issue is to get the credibility with those microelectronics manufacturers. They're very few and they're not exactly risk takers for technologies that are absolutely critical to the cheap manufacturing. That would have been the second hurdle for us as well. And everything is happening as we speak as well at the same time.

So a great business coming with what we have done for a very long time in terms of water management while it's a typical one plus one equals three i think that for our fabs business it's going to be game changing thank you the next question is from the line of master dale with bank of america please receive your question yeah thanks for taking the call my question uh so i think you're done with year one of one eco lab yeah that you rolled out to like the three largest customers what's the feedback and any wins learnings you can take as you deploy this to i think it's the top 25 customers in 2026 so an incremental 20 so uh so

ads um and when do we see this as more of a top line driver uh you know what what kind of rollout do you ultimately need because it did feel like you have a pretty considerable amount of uh sales opportunity just with that top 35 based on the kind of conversations we've had over time yeah so it's 35 customers so it's uh uh our top 20 largest customers um in the world and what we call our emerging uh 15 so those are not the biggest but the ones are having the potential uh to become some of our biggest microelectronics being a perfect uh example of one of those 15 so you get to 35 that could drive three and a half billion of share increase potential that's why we focus on those ones first and foremost it's simpler because it's fewer customers and it's the biggest potential the three and a half billion in many locations around the world so we've gotten organized behind those 35 customers which are the biggest brands obviously that you know in all industries as well at the same time so that organization component has been done the growth of those 35 as mentioned before so it's two percentage points higher than the rest of the company so facts are demonstrating that it's working and it's probably the second biggest moat that we have as a company our first being our team serving our customers everywhere around the world is delivering best-in-class performance. Basically, we have each of those customers understand what's the best-in-class performance within their own company. If it's a restaurant, what's the best guest satisfaction? What's the best cost performance? What's the best environmental impact? If it's a data center, it's uptime, cost, and impact. You get the system here and we have them drive the performance of all the units towards the best-in-class performing unit within their company and we do the same across the industry not sharing the names uh obviously to have our customers understand our for all day from a best-in-class uh performance so it's been developed based on an idea from a few of our customers a few years back and those customers are ultimately asking even more than what we can deliver today which is kind of a good problem to have because our customers I would say are ahead of us in terms of what they

would like to see from us and what we can deliver well that's a good problem to have and that's where we are our next question is from the line of Mike Harrison with Seaport research please receive your question hi good afternoon um Christophe you mentioned you mentioned the IQ suite I was wondering if you could talk about what penetration looks like today versus where you think penetration could go over the next, say, two to three years. You know, just curious, are you five or 10% of the way to where you hope to be or more like 30, 40, 50%? And I guess as we think about growth in the IQ suite, you know, where would we expect that to show up? Does it show up in digital sales? Does it show up in institutional volume growth or does it show up in margin expansion or all three?

The short answer is all three. Mike, so first your question, penetration, it's in the low single digit. Today, so we're very early here. As mentioned often, this is something we did not exactly do in our institutional and markets because it was too expensive for our customers to embrace that technology. Things have changed dramatically in the last two years, and we have the knowledge and expertise from our water industrial businesses so we kind of very well positioned for that so very early on that journey second question where it comes when our reporting segments are our traditional four reported segments that we have the digital sales that we mentioning are the digital sales of those four segments so they include it in the four segments which is the way so we've presented it in the last 12 or 13 months that we're doing that and last but not least yes it improves the margin because digital sales have a way higher margins because there's no real cost or hardware cost related to it on the software side on the hardware side it's a little bit different, but it's much higher than the average gross margin we have in the company. So it's all three.

Our next question comes from the line of Lawrence Alexander with Jeffries. Please receive your question.

So good afternoon. I just wanted to flesh out a little bit how your thinking is evolving around the interplay between your M&A targets and your margin targets. The 20% margin has been kind of an elusive one over the years, and kind of now it's within reach. You hinted earlier, you may be thinking about moving it higher sooner rather than later. What type of M&A would you consider that would structurally push back the margin target a few years? Or do you see that as, given the types of things you look at, just sort of structurally unnecessary?

To be clear, we're not trying to push back any margin target. um you know 20 by 27 um that that remains the same uh we had 18 last year we get north of 19 um in 2026 and we'll get to 20 um in 27 uh and then we'll keep growing so 100 to 150 basis points as we shared um as well on investor day and mna needs to help getting there uh we will never do an M&A deal that's destroying value for shareholders. So, return on investment needs to be at the right level. It needs to be growth and margin accretive. Those are the plans. Afterwards, whether everything happens as planned, well, that's an execution question, obviously, but we are very disciplined in how we do M&A. We will never do something that's destroying value because what we say inside the company that's buying work and it's dumb for shareholders well those are two reasons for not doing that at least not consciously and we've done 100 deals the last 10 years we have a lot of practice um we've learned a lot and we're very successful in how we do m&a uh in general so no change for the margin targets our next question is in the line of john roberts with mizzou host securities Please just see with your question.

Thank you. Hi, this is Edlin Rodriguez for John. Christophe, just one quick one on the 2026 guide. Can you talk about the factors that could drive the higher end or lower end of that range? What are the swing factors in there?

I guess all the things that we don't know are going to happen. If we look at the last five years, there was not one year that happened, not because of us, but because of what's happening around the world. So we have this range of the 12% to 15%. The fact that we are very agile as a company on how we run our businesses, how we manage value price, how we drive surcharges if we need, getting as well more performance out of one Ecolab, as we discussed before as well. we have a great supply chain and procurement team as well doing unbelievable work in whatever conditions out there so the big questions are the things I don't know but I know that the team knows how to deal with them with everything we know now I feel that the year is very well balanced and I feel

really good about the 12 to 15 our next question this from the line of Jason and Haas with Wells Fargo. Let's just use your question.

Hey, good afternoon, and thanks for taking my question. I'm curious if you could talk about the cadence of the contribution from pricing as we go through 2026. And the reason I ask is because I believe you put in a tariff surcharge that went into effect the second half of 2025. So I'm curious if there's like a go-over effect where you'll have more contribution from price in the first half of 2026 and then less in the second half? Is that the right way to think about it?

The key point is also that surcharge, which was a trade surcharge. We had an energy surcharge in 21 or 22. I'm losing track of the year. We convert all that into structural pricing, and everything has been done as well as we speak. That's why, on one hand, whatever happened on tariffs with the Supreme Court, I'm not worried about that. And on the other hand, well, it's going to drive this 2% to 3% price in 2026 pretty consistently for the quarters to come. That's obviously assuming that nothing else happens in 2026, but that's not at the heart of your question here. So basically, a traditional year in 26 with 2% to 3% value price, which is obviously 100% margin, driven by the total value delivered that we generate for our customers, which is a big growth driver for us and probably one of the best ones that I really like. And we'll keep focusing on that in the future.

Our next question is from the line of Josh Bechter with UBS. Please use your question.

Hi, good afternoon, and thanks for squeezing me in. Just a quick one here. I know you guys were spending a bit more on CapEx the last couple of years to basically grow into some new wins that I think you had in specialty. I guess with specialty growing 7% the last couple of quarters, is that now in the run rate or is there more of that to come? And will CapEx step down into next year as a result or stay at similar levels?

Let me pass it to Scott.

Hi, Josh. On CapEx, as you know, our historical CapEx has been in this 5% to 6% range and about half of that is equipment at customer locations. So, which is why this thing grows in proportion to sales. The 2026 CapEx came in at about 6.5% of sales, to your point, because we're investing in growth like the new business, but also the innovations around Dish IQ, pest intelligence, global high tech, and that will continue to 2027. I expect the CapEx, or sorry, into 26. I expect the CapEx for 26 to be around 7% and probably for the next couple of years because we're continuing to invest in those growth engines really to focus on accelerating sales and expand margins. So we're investing organically and inorganically both to expand margins and drive sales. And at the end of the day, it comes down to ROIC, and we like where we're at in ROIC, continue to expand that in line with our long-term targets.

Our next question is from the line of Kevin McCarthy of Vertical Research Partners. Please receive your question.

Thank you and good afternoon. Christophe, on slide six, you indicate organic sales growth of three to four accelerating through the year. I just wanted to understand that acceleration piece better. Is that to do with the aforementioned normalization or stabilization in basic industries, or are you expecting your higher growth platforms to accelerate as well? And then related to that, would you make a comment on the expected growth in your data center linked businesses this year?

Two questions here. So you're right, the 324s are where we are now, obviously, and so toward the upper range or more of the 324, driven by both, actually. So the normalization of the more challenged industries in paper and basic, and our core and gross engine businesses that are doing extremely well, as we discussed before, our gross engines are growing double digits today. And some of our core businesses like institutional and specialties are at four, F&B, at five. So our core business and growth engines are doing really well at great margins and great margin development as well. So it's a combination of the two. and more specifically the data center which we don't exactly so disclose as such but our global high-tech business is growing pretty strong double digit sales we will publish our exact numbers in the first quarter by the way so I want to make sure I'm not getting ahead of my skis here but we will get more color in the first quarter but it's one of our best businesses that we have here very strong strong margin growing double digits at strong rates and from evil is going to help and all the innovation I mentioned before on the cooling as a service is getting great reception so from our customers that needed more than ever, because chips get more powerful, they get more concentrated on a rack, they create more heat that requires more cooling, and if that doesn't happen, obviously, so the data center stops operating. So it's absolutely essential as a component of the compute offering here. So very good story, and early on that story. I think that that's one of the businesses.

The next question is from the line of Scott Schneeberger with Lappenheimer. Pleased to see you with your question.

Thanks very much. Just a quick one. In life sciences, you had great momentum, a little setback in the fourth quarter on the margin trajectory. Looks like you're doing some investments, some global capability build out. So just curious, is that going to be something that is pressured for multiple quarters, or are we going to get back to Inflect and head higher toward that target? Thanks.

It's going to be a great story. In 26, we've been building that business for years, as you know. I always loved that opportunity. The first few years were more complicated than we were hoping, not because of internal questions, but the market. So, it was a bit in a more challenging place after COVID. It helped us gain share, build further our business, and now we're collecting the fruits of what we've built in life science, and you've seen the growth acceleration, bioprocessing, which is a core part of it, is doing extremely well in there, is really at the forefront of innovation for the biotech industry as well at the same time so we're all gonna really like the growth of that business starting in q1 by the way for life sciences and our objective is to get to 30% margin but we will not reduce our investment in the meantime to get to the margin quicker what we want to make sure is that we get as much share as we can in order to get the returns ultimately, in the long run, that that business deserves. So, overall, a great story that keeps getting stronger.

Thank you. Our final question is from the line of Bob Wiesel with Raymond James. Please issue your question.

Thanks for taking the question. How is your customer retention an institutional specialty?

It hasn't changed. So, it's always in the low to mid-90s in terms of retention attrition is obviously so the reverse of that it stayed very stable over the years we're looking at that very carefully because well we want to make absolutely sure that we do not lose our customers we have this mantra of never ever letting our customers down in institutional and specialty well there's another dimension, it's restaurants closing. There's not much we can do for that. It's very different to my country, obviously, but the customers we have and the numbers I gave you include the closures that we can't do anything against, obviously. So, short answer, very stable. That's why I really like what our institutional is doing, has done over the last five years as well, shifting towards digital technology all those iq platforms that we talked about aqua iq for instance which is a remote service for pools around the world when you think about the work that's required while that's taken over by ai with that application those are game-changing innovations in that business that didn't exist five years ago so institutionally in a very good place specialty that serves some of the quick serve as part of this hospitality business as you've heard so growing very nicely so at seven percent very consistently with great margin as well so i think that ins is in a very good shape so i'll end where i started um the company um is doing well and i especially like um the growth development we have in our core businesses On top of it, the growth engines that are 20% of the company today are growing double-digit with over-average margins as well. So our portfolio is shifting towards higher-growth businesses, higher margins, which is exactly where we want to get to. And that's why I feel as good as I can be in 2026 with everything I know today.

Thank you. That wraps up our fourth-quarter conference call. This conference call and the associated discussion slides will be available for replay on our website. Thank you for your time and participation. Hope everyone has a great rest of the day.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's teleconference. May disconnect your lines at this time and have a wonderful day.