Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp 10-K for FY2024
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp. (HSPOF)
About this 10-K
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp filed this 10-K on March 28, 2025, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (FY2024).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Net income
- $2.11M
- down 27.4% from net income of $2.91M a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
For the fiscal year ended
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
At June 28, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the ordinary shares of the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $
As of March 27, 2025, there were
HORIZON SPACE ACQUISITION I CORP.
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CERTAIN TERMS
References to the “Company,” “HSPO,” “our Company,” “our,” “us” or “we” refer to Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp., a blank check company incorporated on June 14, 2022 as a Cayman Islands exempted corporation and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses, which we refer to throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K as our “initial business combination.” References to our “sponsor” refer to Horizon Space Acquisition I Sponsor Corp. References to “equity-linked securities” are to any securities of the Company which are convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, equity securities of the Company, including any securities issued by the Company which are pledged to secure any obligation of any holder to purchase equity securities of the Company. References to the “SEC” are to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. References to our “initial public offering” refer to our initial public offering, which closed on December 27, 2022. References to “public shares” are to shares of our ordinary shares sold as part of the units in our initial public offering. References to “public shareholders” are to the holders of our public shares.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report” or “Annual Report”) may constitute “forward looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Our forward looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future and the statements under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,”, “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward looking. Forward looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may include, for example, statements about:
| ● | our ability to select an appropriate target business or businesses; |
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| ● | our ability to complete our initial business combination; |
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| ● | our expectations around the performance of the prospective target business or businesses; |
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| ● | our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors following our initial business combination; |
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| ● | our officers and directors allocating their time to other businesses and potentially having conflicts of interest with our business or in approving our initial business combination; |
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| ● | our potential ability to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination; |
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| ● | our pool of prospective target businesses; |
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| ● | the ability of our officers and directors to generate a number of potential acquisition opportunities; |
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| ● | our public securities’ potential liquidity and trading; |
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| ● | the lack of a market for our securities; |
| ● | the use of proceeds not held in the trust account described below or available to us from interest income on the trust account balance; |
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| ● | the trust account not being subject to claims of third parties; |
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| ● | our financial performance; or |
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| ● | the other risk and uncertainties discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the SEC. |
The forward looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
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PART I
Item 1. Business Overview.
We are a blank check exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on June 14, 2022 with limited liability (meaning our public shareholders have no liability, as shareholders of the Company, for the liabilities of the Company over and above the amount paid for their shares) to serve as a vehicle to effect a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more target businesses. Our efforts to identify a prospective target business will not be limited to a particular industry or geographic location. We intend to utilize cash derived from the proceeds of our initial public offering (the “IPO”), our securities, debt or a combination of cash, securities and debt, in effecting a business combination.
Initial Public Offering and Private Placement
On June 14, 2022, we issued 10,000 ordinary shares of a par value of $0.0001 each (the “Ordinary Shares”) to Horizon Space Acquisition I Sponsor Corp. (the “Sponsor”). On August 30, 2022, (1) we issued 1,725,000 Ordinary Shares to the Sponsor for a purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.0145 per share, and (2) the Sponsor surrendered 10,000 Ordinary Shares. On September 12, 2022, the Sponsor entered into a securities transfer agreement, pursuant to which the Sponsor transferred to our independent directors, Messrs. Angel Colon, Mark Singh, and Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres, 8,000, 5,000 and 5,000 Ordinary Shares, respectively, at the original purchase price, immediately prior to the closing of the IPO. We refer to these Ordinary Shares throughout as the “Founder Shares.”
On December 27, 2022, we consummated the IPO of 6,900,000 units (the “Public Units”), which included 900,000 Public Units issued upon the full exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. Each Public Unit consists of one Ordinary Share, one redeemable warrant (the “Warrants”), each whole Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, and one right (the “Right”), each one Right entitling the holder thereof to exchange for one-tenth of one Ordinary Share upon the completion of the initial business combination. The Public Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per Public Unit, generating gross proceeds of $69.0 million.
On December 27, 2022, simultaneously with the consummation of the IPO, we completed the private sale (the “Private Placement”) of 385,750 units (the “Private Units”) to the Sponsor, at a purchase price of $10.00 per Private Unit, generating gross proceeds to us of $3,857,500.
The proceeds of $70,207,500 ($10.175 per Public Unit) in the aggregate from the IPO and the Private Placement, were placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”) established for the benefit of our public shareholders and the underwriter of the IPO with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee.
Our management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the proceeds of the IPO and the Private Placement that are held out of the Trust Account, although substantially all the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally towards consummating a business combination and working capital.
Since our IPO, our sole business activity has been identifying and evaluating suitable acquisition transaction candidates. We presently have no revenue and have had losses since inception from incurring formation and operating costs. We have relied upon the sale of our securities and loans from the Sponsor and other parties to fund our operations.
On January 23, 2023, we announced that holders of the Company’s Public Units may elect to separately trade the Ordinary Shares, Warrants, and Rights included in its Public Units, commencing on or about January 26, 2023.
The Ordinary Shares, Warrants, and Rights are trading on the Nasdaq Global Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “HSPO,” “HSPOW,” and “HSPOR,” respectively. Public Units not separated will continue to trade on Nasdaq under the symbol “HSPOU”. Holders of Public Units will need to have their brokers contact the Company’s transfer agent, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, in order to separate the holders’ Public Units into Ordinary Shares, Warrants, and Rights.
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Proposed Transactions with Squirrel
Business Combination Agreement
On September 16, 2024, HSPO entered into the business combination agreement and plan of merger (as the same may be amended, restated or supplemented, the “Business Combination Agreement”) with Squirrel Enlivened Technology Co., Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares (“HoldCo”), Squirrel Enlivened International Co., Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares (“PubCo”) and Squirrel Enlivened Overseas Co., Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares (“Merger Sub,” together with HoldCo and PubCo, the “Group Companies,” or each individually, a “Group Company”).
HoldCo, through Shenzhen Squirrel Enlivened Media Group Co., Ltd, a limited liability company established under the laws of China (“Shenzhen Squirrel”), and HoldCo’s other subsidiaries, including Squirrel Enlivened (Hong Kong) Technology Limited (“Squirrel HK”), is in the business of brand marketing and strategy consulting.
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, (a) HoldCo will merge with and into PubCo in accordance with the Companies Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands (the “Cayman Companies Act”), whereupon the separate existence of HoldCo will cease, and PubCo will be the surviving company (the “Reorganization”), and (b) at least one (1) business day after the closing of the Reorganization (the “Reorganization Closing”), Merger Sub will merge with and into HSPO in accordance with the Cayman Companies Act, whereupon the separate existence of Merger Sub will cease, and HSPO will be the surviving company (the “Merger”). As a result of the Reorganization and the Merger, among other things, (a) all of the issued and outstanding securities of HoldCo immediately prior to the filing of the plan of merger with respect to the Reorganization (the “Plan of Reorganization”) to the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands, or such later time as may be specified in the Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Effective Time”) shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled, in exchange for the right of the holders thereof to receive a certain number of securities of PubCo as described below, and (b) all of the issued and outstanding securities of HSPO immediately prior to the filing of the plan of merger with respect to the Merger (the “Plan of Merger”) to the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands, or such later time as may be specified in the Plan of Merger (the “Merger Effective Time”) shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled, in exchange for the right of the holders thereof to receive substantially equivalent securities of PubCo, in each case, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement and in accordance with the provisions of the Cayman Companies Act and other applicable laws. The Reorganization, the Merger, and each of the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement or any of the other relevant Transaction Documents (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) are collectively referred to as “Transactions.”
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, each ordinary share of HoldCo, par value $0.0001 per share (the “HoldCo Ordinary Shares”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Reorganization Effective Time, subject to certain exceptions, shall be cancelled and automatically converted into the right to receive, without interest, such number of the newly issued shares of the ordinary shares of PubCo, par value $0.0001 per share (the “PubCo Ordinary Shares”) that is equal to a ratio, being equal to a fraction: (A) the numerator of which is $200,000,000 divided by $10.00 per share, and (B) the denominator of which is the total number of HoldCo Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Reorganization Effective Time.
Sponsor Support Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, on September 16, 2024, the Sponsor entered into a Sponsor Support Agreement with HSPO, HoldCo and PubCo, pursuant to which the Sponsor agreed to, among other things, (i) to vote all the HSPO Ordinary Shares it holds in favor of each of the shareholder proposals in connection with the Transactions, (ii) waive its redemption rights with respects to Sponsor Subject Shares, and (iii) not to transfer any Sponsor Subject Shares it holds prior to the earlier of the termination of the Business Combination Agreement or the consummation of the Transactions subject to certain exceptions. The Sponsor has further agreed to enter into the Lock-Up Agreement with Parent immediately prior to the Merger Effective Time.
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Shareholder Support Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, on September 16, 2024, HSPO, PubCo, HoldCo, Squirrel Holdings BVI, the controlling shareholder of HoldCo, entered into Shareholder Support Agreement, pursuant to which Squirrel Holdings BVI agreed to, among other things, (i) not to transfer any Shareholder Subject Shares, as applicable, until the Merger Closing without the written consent of other parties thereto subject to certain exceptions, (ii) to vote all the Shareholder Subject Shares in favor of proposals in connection with the Transactions, and (iii) to vote all the Shareholder Subject Shares against the proposals in connection with other alternative business combinations other than the Transactions with HSPO.
Form of Shareholder Lock-up Agreement
Prior to the Merger Effective Time, Parent, the Sponsor and Squirrel Holdings BVI will enter into Shareholder Lock-Up Agreement, pursuant to which each of the Sponsor and Squirrel Holdings BVI will agree not to, among other things, transfer any Lock-up Shares during the Lock-up Period.
The “Lock-up Shares” means, with respect to Squirrel Holdings BVI, PubCo Ordinary Share Squirrel Holdings BVI holds immediately after the Merger Closing, and with respect to the Sponsor, PubCo Ordinary Share issuable to the Sponsor and/or its assignees in exchange of the Founder Shares the Sponsor holds upon the Merger Closing.
The “Lock-up Period” means with respect to 50% of the Lock-up Shares, the period commencing on Merger Closing Date and ending on the date that is the earlier to occur of (A) six months after the Merger Closing Date, or (B) the date on which the closing price of each PubCo Ordinary Share equals or exceeds $12.50 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share dividends, reorganizations and recapitalizations) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing after the Merger Closing Date, and with respect to the remaining 50% of the Lock-up Shares the period commencing on the Merger Closing Date and ending on the date that is six months after the Merger Closing Date.
Form of Registration Rights Agreement
The Business Combination Agreement contemplates that, prior to the Merger Effective Time, PubCo, the Sponsor, and certain other parties thereto will enter into the Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which PubCo will grant certain registration rights with respect to PubCo securities held by such holders following the Merger Closing.
Form of Warrant Assumption Agreement
The Business Combination Agreement contemplates that, immediately prior to or upon the Merger Effective Time, PubCo, HSPO and Continental, as the warrant agent, will enter into the Warrant Assumption Agreement, which amends that certain Existing Warrant Agreement, dated as of December 21, 2022, by and between HSPO and the Warrant Agent, pursuant to which (a) HSPO will assign to PubCo, and PubCo will assume, all of HSPO’s right, title and interest in and to the Existing Warrant Agreement, and (b) each whole HSPO warrant shall be modified to no longer entitle the holder to purchase HSPO Ordinary Shares and instead acquire an equal number of PubCo Ordinary Shares per HSPO warrant, subject to adjustment as described therein.
Nasdaq Noncompliance Letter
On October 3, 2024, the Company received a letter (the “Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying that the Company was not in compliance with Listing Rules 5450(a)(2), which requires the Company to have at least 400 shareholders for continued listing on the Nasdaq Global Market (the “Minimum Total Holders Rule”). The Letter is only a notification of deficiency, not of imminent delisting, and has no current effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s securities on the Nasdaq Global Market.
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The Letter notes that the Company may be eligible to transfer the listing of its securities to the Nasdaq Capital Market, provided that it then satisfies the requirements for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. On October 3, 2024, the Company submitted an application for a transfer from the Nasdaq Global Market to the Nasdaq Capital Market. On November 12, 2024, Nasdaq approved the Company’s application to list its ordinary shares, units, warrants and rights on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Company’s ordinary shares, units, warrants and rights commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market at the opening of business on November 14, 2024.
Shareholder Meetings
As of the date of this Report, we had three shareholder meetings to extend the date by which we must complete our initial business combination and redeemed public shares correspondingly with each meeting.
September 2023 Shareholder Meeting
Following the consummation of our initial public offering, we had until September 27, 2023 to consummate an initial business combination. On September 25, 2023, we held an extraordinary general meeting (the “First Shareholder Meeting”), where the shareholders of the Company approved the proposal to amend Articles 48.7 and 48.8 of the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “Charter”) to provide that the Company must (i) consummate a business combination, or (ii) cease its operations except for the purpose of winding up if it fails to complete such Business Combination and redeem or repurchase 100% of the Company’s public shares included as part of the public units issued in the Company’s initial public offering, by September 27, 2023, and if the Company does not consummate a business combination by September 27, 2023, it may be extended up to six times, each by a one-month extension (the “First Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension”), for a total of up to six months to March 27, 2024, without the need for any further approval of the Company’s shareholders. For each Monthly Extension, the Sponsor and/or its designee will deposit $70,000 (the “First Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension Fee”) for all remaining public shares into the Trust Account. In connection with the First Shareholder Meeting, 562,779 Ordinary Shares were rendered for redemption, and approximately $5.93 million was released from the Trust Account to pay such redeeming shareholders.
March 2024 Shareholder Meeting
On March 22, 2024, we held an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders (the “Second Shareholder Meeting”), where the shareholders of the Company approved the proposals, among the others, to amend Articles 48.7 and 48.8 of the Company’s Charter to provide that the Company must (i) consummate a business combination, or (ii) cease its operations except for the purpose of winding up if it fails to complete such Business Combination and redeem or repurchase 100% of the Company’s public shares included as part of the public units issued in the Company’s initial public offering, by March 27, 2024, and if the Company does not consummate a business combination by March 27, 2024, it may be extended up to nine times, each by a Monthly Extension, for a total of up to nine months to, without the need for any further approval of the Company’s shareholders. For each Monthly Extension, the Sponsor and/or its designee will deposit $60,000 for all remaining public shares into the Trust Account (the “Second Shareholder Meeting Related Extension Fee”). In connection with 2024 Shareholder Meeting, the Company received the redemption requests from its public shareholders to redeem a total of 815,581 Ordinary Shares. In connection with the Second Shareholder Meeting, approximately $8.86 million were released from the Trust Account to pay such redeeming shareholders.
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December 2024 Shareholder Meeting
On December 23, 2024, we held an extraordinary general meeting in lieu of an annual meeting of shareholders (the “Third Shareholder Meeting”), where the shareholders of the Company approved the proposals, among the others, to amend Articles 48.7 and 48.8 of the Company’s Charter to provide that the Company must (i) consummate a business combination, or (ii) cease its operations except for the purpose of winding up if it fails to complete such business combination and redeem or repurchase 100% of the Company’s public shares included as part of the public units issued in the Company’s initial public offering, by December 27, 2024, and if the Company does not consummate a business combination by December 27, 2024, it may be extended up to twelve times, each by a monthly extension (the “Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension”), for a total of up to twelve months to, without the need for any further approval of the Company’s shareholders. For each Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension, the Sponsor and/or its designee shall deposit $120,000 for all remaining public shares into the Trust Account (the “Third Shareholder Meeting Related Extension Fee”). In connection with the Third Shareholder Meeting, the Company received the redemption requests from its public shareholders to redeem a total of 3,663,651 Ordinary Shares and approximately $41.73 million were released from the Trust Account to pay such redeeming shareholders.
Trust Agreement Amendments
At the First Shareholder Meeting, the shareholders of the Company approved, among others, the Company to amend the Investment Management Trust Agreement dated December 21, 2022, (as the same may be amended, restated or supplemented, the “Trust Agreement”), by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the “Trustee”) to provide that the Trustee must commence liquidation of the Trust Account by September 27, 2023, or, if further extended by up to six First Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extensions, up to March 27, 2024. Upon the shareholders’ approval, on September 25, 2023, the Company and the Trustee entered into the amendment to the Trust Agreement.
On October 4, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Trust Agreement. Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, the Company may request the Trustee to distribute up to $100,000 of the amount of interest income earned on the Trust Account of the Company to set aside for future payment for dissolution expenses, if applicable. Upon such amendment, the Company requested the Trustee distribute $100,000 from the Trust Account to the Company’s cash account accordingly.
At the Second Shareholder Meeting, the shareholders of the Company approved, among others, the Company to amend Trust Agreement to provide that the Trustee must commence liquidation of the Trust Account by March 27, 2024, or, if further extended by up to nine Second Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extensions, up to December 27, 2024. Upon the shareholders’ approval, on March 22, 2024, the Company and the Trustee entered into the amendment to the Trust Agreement, pursuant to which the Second Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension Fee was $60,000 per each Second Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension.
At the Third Shareholder Meeting, the shareholders of the Company approved, among other things, that the Trustee must commence liquidation of the Trust Account by December 27, 2024, or, if further extended by up to twelve Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extensions, up to December 27, 2025. Upon the shareholders’ approval, on December 23, 2024, the Company and the Trustee entered into an amendment to the Trust Agreement, pursuant to which the Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension Fee is $120,000 for each Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension.
Extensions and Extension Notes
In connection with the historical extensions, as of the date of this annual report, an aggregate of $1,320,000 extension fees had been deposited into the Trust Account, among which $70,000 was made by the Sponsor and $1,250,000 was made by Shenzhen Squirrel or Squirrel HK, respectively. As of the date of this report, the Company issued a total of 18 unsecured promissory notes to evidence the payment of the extension fees, including 1 note to the Sponsor (the “Sponsor Extension Notes”) and 17 notes to Shenzhen Squirrel or Squirrel HK (the “Squirrel Extension Notes” and together with the Sponsor Extension Note, collectively the “Extension Notes”), respectively.
On September 14, 2024, Shenzhen Squirrel notified HSPO that it has elected not to convert the Squirrel Extension Notes into Conversion Units (as defined below) upon the consummation of the Transactions, and since September 2024, all the subsequent Squirrel Extension Notes were issued without such conversion rights, thus Squirrel Extension Notes will become intercompany notes between PubCo and any other Group Companies, as applicable, upon the Merger Closing.
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Working Capital Loans
On April 12, 2024, October 8, 2024, and February 5, 2025, the Company issued three unsecured promissory notes in the principal amount of $300,000, $400,000 and $300,000 to the Sponsor, respectively (such three unsecured promissory notes, the “Sponsor Working Capital Notes” and, together with the Extension Notes, collectively, the “Notes”). The proceeds of the Sponsor Notes, which may be drawn down from time to time until the Company consummates its initial business combination, will be used for general working capital purposes.
The Notes bear no interest and is payable in full upon the earlier to occur of (i) the consummation of the Company’s business combination or (ii) the date of expiry of the term of the Company (the “Maturity Date”). The following shall constitute an event of default: (i) a failure to pay the principal within five business days of the Maturity Date; (ii) the commencement of a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy action, (iii) the breach of the Company’s obligations thereunder; (iv) any cross defaults; (v) an enforcement proceedings against the Company; and (vi) any unlawfulness and invalidity in connection with the performance of the obligations thereunder, in which case the Extension Notes may be accelerated.
The payee of the Sponsor Extension Notes and the Sponsor Working Capital Notes (collectively, the “Sponsor Notes”) has the right, but not the obligation, to convert the Sponsor Notes, in whole or in part, respectively, into private units (the “Extension Units”) of the Company, each consisting of one Ordinary Share, one warrant, and one right to receive one-tenth (1/10) of one Ordinary Share upon the consummation of a business combination, as described in the IPO prospectus of the Company (File No: 333-268578), by providing the Company with written notice of the intention to convert at least two business days prior to the closing of the business combination. The number of Extension Units to be received by the payees in connection with such conversion shall be an amount determined by dividing (x) the sum of the outstanding principal amount payable to the payees by (y) $10.00.
Effecting the Transactions with Squirrel
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, we have confidentially filed a draft of proxy statement/registration statement in Form F-4 with the SEC to seek shareholder approval of the Transactions. We will consummate the Transactions only if we have net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 upon such consummation and, solely if we seek shareholder approval, a majority of the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares voted are voted in favor of the Transactions.
We currently have until April 27, 2025 (or up to December 27, 2025, if fully extended) to consummate the Transactions. If we are unable to consummate the Transactions, or if the Transactions are terminated, an alternative initial business combination within such time period, unless we extend such period pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, we will, as promptly as possible but not more than ten (10) business days thereafter, redeem 100% of our issued and outstanding public shares for a pro rata portion of the funds held in the Trust Account, including a pro rata portion of any interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to us or necessary to pay our taxes, and then seek to liquidate and dissolve. However, we may not be able to distribute such amounts as a result of claims of creditors which may take priority over the claims of our public shareholders. In the event of our liquidation and subsequent dissolution and the public warrants will expire and will be worthless.
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If we are unable to consummate our initial business combination within this time period, we will liquidate the Trust Account and distribute the proceeds held therein to our public shareholders by way of redeeming their shares and dissolve. If we are forced to liquidate, we anticipate that we would distribute to our public shareholders the amount in the Trust Account calculated as of the date that is two (2) days prior to the distribution date (including any accrued interest net of taxes payable). Prior to such distribution, we would be required to assess all claims that may be potentially brought against us by our creditors for amounts they are actually owed and make provision for such amounts, as creditors take priority over our public shareholders with respect to amounts that are owed to them. We cannot assure you that we will properly assess all claims that may be potentially brought against us. As such, our shareholders could potentially be liable for any claims of creditors to the extent of distributions received by them as an unlawful payment in the event we enter an insolvent liquidation. In the event of our liquidation and subsequent dissolution, the public warrants will expire and will be worthless.
Regulatory Matters Concerning the Transactions with Squirrel
The Business Combination Agreement and the Transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are subject to certain closing condition that necessary regulatory approvals to consummate the Reorganization and the Merger be obtained.
Holders of the securities of PubCo are not holding equity securities of its subsidiaries that have substantive business operations in China but instead are holding equity securities of a Cayman Islands holding company. PubCo is a Cayman Islands holding company that conducts substantially all of its operations in China through its PRC subsidiaries, in particular, Shenzhen Squirrel. The securities registered herein are securities of PubCo, not those of its operating companies. Investments in PubCo’s Ordinary Shares are not purchases of equity securities of these operating subsidiaries in Mainland China but instead are purchases of equity securities of a Cayman Islands holding company with no material operations of its own. Investors may never directly own securities in Shenzhen Squirrel or any of its Chinese operating subsidiaries.
Recent regulatory development in China may exert more oversight and control over listing and offerings that are conducted overseas such as the Transactions. The approval and/or other requirements of PRC governmental authorities may be required in connection with the Transactions or PubCo’s future issuance of securities on Nasdaq under PRC laws, regulations or policies. Squirrel has conducted a substantial portion of its business in China. As such, Shenzhen Squirrel and its subsidiaries are subject to PRC laws relating to, among others, restrictions over foreign investments and data security. The Chinese government has recently sought to exert more control and impose more restrictions on China-based companies raising capital offshore and such efforts may continue or intensify in the future. For instance, the PRC governments initiated various regulatory actions and made various public statements, some of which are published with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. The Chinese government has also imposed more oversight and control over securities offerings and other capital markets activities that are conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based companies like Squirrel, which could result in a material adverse change in Squirrel’s operations, significantly limit or completely hinder PubCo’s ability to offer or continue to offer securities on Nasdaq, and cause the value of PubCo’s securities to significantly decline or be worthless. In particular, on February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies and the supporting guidance documents (collectively, the “Trial Measures”), which came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Measures, any overseas offering and listing made by an issuer will be deemed to be indirect if it meets both the following conditions: (1) 50% or more of the issuer’s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent accounting year is accounted for by domestic companies; and (2) the main parts of the issuer’s business activities are conducted in China, or its main places of business are located in China, or the senior managers in charge of its business operation and management are mostly Chinese citizens or domiciled in China. The Trial Measures require (1) the filing of the overseas offering and listing plan by the PRC domestic companies with the CSRC under certain conditions, and (2) the filing of their underwriters with the CSRC under certain conditions and the submission of an annual report to the CSRC within the required timeline. Since PubCo’s PRC subsidiaries accounted for more than 50% of its consolidated revenues, profit, total assets or net assets as of and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2024, and the key components of its operations are carried out in the PRC, the Transactions will be considered an indirect offering and PubCo will be subject to the filing requirements for the Transactions under the Trial Measures. According to the Trial Measures, initial public offerings or listings in overseas markets are required to be filed with the CSRC within 3 working days after the relevant application is submitted overseas. Guidance for Application of Regulatory Rules — Overseas Offering and Listing No.1, promulgated by CSRC together with the Trial Measures, provides that if a domestic enterprise completes an overseas offering through an overseas special purposes acquisition company, it shall submit the filing materials within three business days after such overseas special purposes acquisition company publicly announces such acquisition transaction. Except for such CSRC approval, as confirmed by our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance, Squirrel is not required to obtain permission from the CAC or any other Chinese authorities to issue its securities to foreign investors based on PRC laws and regulations currently in effect. As of the date of the proxy statement/prospectus, we have submitted our application to the CSRC for this offering in connection with the Transactions. The application is currently under review by the CSRC, and we have not yet received their approval. PubCo cannot assure you that the approval or permission or other filings will not be required under PRC laws, regulations or policies, nor can PubCo predict whether or how long it will take to obtain such approval, permission or other filings in connection with the Transactions or future issuance of securities on Nasdaq. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining the requisite governmental approval, permission or other filings for the Transactions or future issuance of securities on Nasdaq or a rescission of such approval, permission or other filings, would subject Squirrel to sanctions imposed by the relevant PRC regulatory authority. In addition, laws, rules and regulations in China can change quickly with very short notice and PubCo cannot predict future developments in the PRC legal system. After the completion of the Transactions, PubCo may need to procure additional permits, authorizations and approvals for its operations, which it may not be able to obtain. PubCo’s inability to obtain such permits or authorizations may materially adversely affect it business, financial condition and results of operations. As a result, PubCo’s securities could significantly decline in value or even become worthless. The legal and operational risks associated with having substantially all of PubCo’s operations in China could result in a material change in its operations and/or the value of the PubCo securities being offered hereby or could significantly limit or completely hinder PubCo’s ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. If we (i) do not receive or maintain required permissions or approvals, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) applicable laws or regulations change and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, we could be subject to fines, legal sanctions, or an order to suspend their relevant services, which may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause our securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless. We have received from PRC authorities all requisite licenses, permissions, and approvals needed to engage in the businesses currently conducted in the PRC. Such licenses, permissions and approvals primarily include the business licenses of Squirrel’s PRC subsidiaries. No licenses, permissions or approvals have been denied or expired. As confirmed by our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance, we are not required to obtain additional permissions or approvals to operate our current business. For details, see the section entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”
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HoldCo, PubCo and its PRC subsidiaries are also subject to certain provisions of existing laws and regulations concerning intercompany fund transfers and foreign exchange supervision and could be subject to additional restrictions under new PRC laws and regulations that may come into effect in the future. For example, PubCo’s PRC subsidiaries may pay dividends only out of their accumulated after-tax profits upon satisfaction of relevant statutory conditions and procedures, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations; each of the PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital; the PRC subsidiaries are required to comply with certain procedural requirements related to foreign exchange supervision in order to make dividend payments in foreign currencies; a withholding tax, at the rate of 10% or lower, is payable by the PRC subsidiaries upon dividend remittance; and approval from or registration with competent PRC government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of Mainland China to pay capital expenses, such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. Any determination to pay dividends in the future post-Transactions will be at the discretion of PubCo’s board of directors. In particular, cash will be transferred among PubCo, its offshore subsidiaries and its PRC subsidiaries, in the following manner: (i) funds are transferred to its PRC subsidiaries from PubCo as needed through PubCo’s subsidiaries outside China in the form of capital contributions or shareholder loans, as the case may be; and (ii) dividends or other distributions may be paid by its PRC subsidiaries to PubCo through its subsidiaries outside China. PubCo’s PRC subsidiaries generate and retain cash generated from operating activities and re-invest in their business. PubCo’s PRC subsidiaries will pay dividends to their offshore shareholder to meet the capital needs of PubCo’s business operations out of the PRC. PubCo’s ability to pay dividends, if any, to its shareholders and warrant holders and to service any debt it may incur will depend upon dividends paid by its subsidiaries. None of PubCo’s subsidiaries has made any transfers, dividends, or distributions to any shareholders, including HoldCo and PubCo. PubCo’s cash proceeds raised from overseas financing activities may be transferred by PubCo through its subsidiaries outside China to its PRC subsidiaries via capital contribution and shareholder loans, as the case may be. In the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2024, neither of HoldCo nor PubCo made any transfers to any of its PRC subsidiaries or investors. In summary, there was not any cash flow or transfer of other assets by type between HoldCo or PubCo and any of their subsidiaries, regardless of whether the subsidiaries are inside or outside of the PRC. For details about the applicable PRC regulations and rules relating to such cash transfers through Squirrel and the associated risks, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulation on loans to, and direct investment in, our PRC subsidiaries by offshore holding companies and governmental supervision of currency conversion may delay us from using the proceeds of the Business Combination to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business” and “Selected Historical Financial Data of Squirrel.” PubCo’s finance department supervises cash management, following the instructions of PubCo’s management. PubCo’s finance department is responsible for establishing cash operation plan and coordinating cash management matters among PubCo’s subsidiaries and departments. Each subsidiary and department initiates a cash request by putting forward a cash demand plan, which explains the specific amount and timing of cash requested, and submits it to PubCo’s finance department. The finance department reviews the cash demand plan and prepares a summary for PubCo’s management. Management examines and approves the allocation of cash based on the sources of cash and the priorities of the needs. Other than the above, PubCo currently does not have other cash management policies or procedures that dictate how funds are transferred. To the extent cash or assets in PubCo’s business are in the PRC/Hong Kong or PubCo’s PRC/Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC/Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of PubCo’s subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets.
Enforceability of Civil Liability
The Company’s management consists of one director located in China, who is also the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, two directors located in the United States and one director located in Republic of Columbia. Further, there is uncertainty if any officers and directors of the post-combination entity will be located outside the Unites States. As a result, it may be difficult, or in some cases not possible, for investors in the United States to enforce their legal rights, to effect service of process upon those officers and directors (prior to or after the business combination) located outside the United States, to enforce judgments of United States courts predicated upon civil liabilities and criminal penalties on them under United States securities laws.
In particular, the PRC does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the United States and many other countries and regions, and you may have to incur substantial costs and contribute significant time to enforce civil liabilities and criminal penalties in reliance on legal remedies under PRC laws. Therefore, recognition and enforcement in the PRC of judgement of United States courts in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible.
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Recent PCAOB Developments
We are a blank check company incorporated in Cayman Islands with our office located in the United States. We have no operations or subsidiaries in China.
Our auditor, UHY LLP, headquartered in New York City, is an independent registered public accounting firm registered with the United States Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess UHY LLP’s compliance with applicable professional standards. The PCAOB currently has access to inspect the working papers of our auditor. Our auditor is not headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified in any report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination.
Developments in U.S. laws may restrict our ability or willingness to complete certain business combinations with companies. For instance, the enacted Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”) would restrict our ability to consummate a business combination with a target business unless that business met certain standards of the PCAOB and would require delisting of a company from U.S. national securities exchanges if the PCAOB is unable to inspect its public accounting firm for three consecutive years. The HFCAA also requires public companies to disclose, among other things, whether they are owned or controlled by a foreign government, specifically, those based in China.
We may not be able to consummate a business combination with a favored target business due to these laws. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“AHFCAA”), which, if signed into law, would amend the HFCAA and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three consecutive years.
The documentation we may be required to submit to the SEC proving certain beneficial ownership requirements and establishing that we are not owned or controlled by a foreign government in the event that we use a foreign public accounting firm not subject to inspection by the PCAOB or where the PCAOB is unable to completely inspect or investigate our accounting practices or financial statements because of a position taken by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction could be onerous and time consuming to prepare. The HFCAA mandates the SEC to identify issuers of SEC-registered securities whose audited financial reports are prepared by an accounting firm that the PCAOB is unable to inspect due to restrictions imposed by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction where the audits are performed. If such identified issuer’s auditor cannot be inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, the trading of such issuer’s securities on any U.S. national securities exchanges, as well as any over-the-counter trading in the U.S., will be prohibited.
On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCAA. An identified issuer will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies it as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC.
On November 5, 2021, the SEC approved the PCAOB’s Rule 6100, Board Determinations Under the HFCAA. Rule 6100 provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction.
On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCAA. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions.
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On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (i) mainland China, and (ii) Hong Kong. Our auditor, UHY LLP, headquartered in New York City, is an independent registered public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess UHY LLP’s compliance with applicable professional standards. The PCAOB currently has access to inspect the working papers of our auditor. Our auditor is not headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified in this report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination.
On August 26, 2022, the CSRC, the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, and PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol, or the Protocol, governing inspections and investigations of audit firms based in China and Hong Kong. Pursuant to the Protocol, the PCAOB has independent discretion to select any issuer audits for inspection or investigation and has the unfettered ability to transfer information to the SEC. However, uncertainties still exist whether this new framework will be fully complied with. According to the PCAOB, its December 2021 determinations under the HFCAA remain in effect. The PCAOB is required to reassess these determinations by the end of 2022. Under the PCAOB’s rules, a reassessment of a determination under the HFCAA may result in the PCAOB reaffirming, modifying or vacating the determination.
On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB determined that it has secured complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and voted to vacate its December 2021 determinations to the contrary. To ensure ongoing access for inspections and investigations, the PCAOB will determine annually whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong. Additionally, the PCAOB has also identified numerous deficiencies at audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, as has been the case in other jurisdictions in the first year of PCAOB inspection. The PCAOB intends to release inspection reports in the first half of next year detailing findings from their inspections of these audit firms.
On December 29, 2022, a legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (the “Consolidated Appropriations Act”), was signed into law by President Biden. The Consolidated Appropriations Act contained, among other things, an identical provision to AHFCAA, which reduces the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act from three years to two.
However, in the event that we complete a business combination with a PRC Target Company and PCAOB is not able to fully conduct inspections of the post-combination entity’s auditor’s work papers in mainland China or Hong Kong, it could cause us to fail to be in compliance with U.S. securities laws and regulations, we could cease to be listed on a U.S. securities exchange, and U.S. trading of our shares could be prohibited under the HFCAA. Any of these actions, or uncertainties in the market about the possibility of such actions, could adversely affect our prospects to successfully complete a business combination with a PRC Target Company, our access to the U.S. capital markets and the price of our shares.
Future developments in respect of increased U.S. regulatory access to audit information are uncertain, as the legislative developments are subject to the legislative process and the regulatory developments are subject to the rule-making process and other administrative procedures.
Other developments in U.S. laws and regulatory environment, including but not limited to executive orders such as Executive Order (E.O.) 13959, “Addressing the Threat from Securities Investments That Finance Communist Chinese Military Companies,” may further restrict our ability to complete a business combination with certain China-based businesses.
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U.S. Foreign Investment Regulations
Mr. Mingyu (Michael) Li, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chairman, is the sole director and the sole member of our sponsor and as such is deemed to have sole voting and investment discretion with respect to our shares held by our sponsor. Mr. Li is not a U.S. person, and as of the date hereof, our sponsor owns approximately 50.20% of our issued and outstanding shares. Controlling or non-controlling investments in U.S. businesses that produce, design, test, manufacture, fabricate or develop one or more critical technologies in one of 27 identified industries — including aviation, defense, semiconductors, telecommunications and biotechnology — are subject to a mandatory filing with the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. (“CFIUS”). In addition, CFIUS is an interagency committee authorized to review certain transactions involving foreign investment in the United States by foreign persons in order to determine the effect of such transactions on the national security of the United States. Because we may be considered a “foreign person” under such rules and regulations, any proposed business combination between us and a U.S. business engaged in a regulated industry or which may affect national security, we could be subject to such foreign ownership restrictions and/or CFIUS review. The scope of CFIUS was expanded by the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018 (“FIRRMA”) to include certain non-passive, non-controlling investments in sensitive U.S. businesses and certain acquisitions of real estate even with no underlying U.S. business. FIRRMA, and subsequent implementing regulations that are now in force, also subject certain categories of investments to mandatory filings. If our potential initial Business Combination with a U.S. business falls within the scope of foreign ownership restrictions, we may be unable to consummate a business combination with such business. In addition, if our potential business combination falls within CFIUS’s jurisdiction, we may be required to make a mandatory filing or determine to submit a voluntary notice to CFIUS, or to proceed with the initial business combination without notifying CFIUS and risk CFIUS intervention, before or after closing the initial business combination. CFIUS may decide to block or delay our initial business combination, impose conditions to mitigate national security concerns with respect to such initial business combination or order us to divest all or a portion of a U.S. business of the combined company if we had proceeded without first obtaining CFIUS clearance. The foreign ownership limitations, and the potential impact of CFIUS, may limit the attractiveness of a transaction with us or prevent us from pursuing certain initial business combination opportunities that we believe would otherwise be beneficial to us and our shareholders. As a result, the pool of potential targets with which we could complete an initial business combination may be limited and we may be adversely affected in terms of competing with other special purpose acquisition companies which do not have similar foreign ownership issues.
Moreover, the process of government review, whether by CFIUS or otherwise, could be lengthy. Because we have only a limited time to complete our initial business combination our failure to obtain any required approvals within the requisite time period may require us to liquidate. If we liquidate, our public shareholders may only receive $10.175 per share initially, and our warrants and rights will expire worthless. This will also cause you to lose any potential investment opportunity in a target company and the chance of realizing future gains on your investment through any price appreciation in the combined company.
Facilities
Our executive offices are located at 1412 Broadway, 21st Floor, Suite 21V, New York, NY 10018 and our telephone number is (646) 257-5537. We consider our current office space adequate for our current operations.
Employees
We currently have Mr. Mingyu (Michael) Li as both the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. He is not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters but he intends to devote as much of his time as he deems necessary to our affairs until we have completed our initial business combination. The amount of time he will devote in any time period will vary based on whether a target business has been selected for our initial business combination and the stage of the initial business combination process we are in. We do not intend to have any full time employees prior to the completion of our initial business combination.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to include risk factors in this Annual Report.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
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We are a special purpose acquisition company with no business operations. Since our IPO, our sole business activity has been identifying and evaluating suitable acquisition transaction candidates. Therefore, we do not consider that we face significant cybersecurity risk.
We have not adopted any cybersecurity risk management program or formal processes for assessing cybersecurity risk. Our management is generally responsible for assessing and managing any cybersecurity threats. If and when any reportable cybersecurity incident arises, our management shall promptly report such matters to our board of directors for further actions, including regarding the appropriate disclosure, mitigation, or other response or actions that the board deems appropriate to take.
As of the date of this report, we have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents since our IPO.
Item 2. Properties.
We do not own or lease any real estate or other physical properties materially important to our operations. We maintain our principal executive offices are located 1412 Broadway, 21st Floor, Suite 21V, New York, NY 10018, and our telephone number is (646) 257-5537.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We are not currently a party to any material litigation or other legal proceedings brought against us. We are also not aware of any legal proceeding, investigation or claim, or other legal exposure that has a more than remote possibility of having a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market Information.
Our Public Units, Ordinary Shares, Warrants, and Rights are each traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “HSPOU,” “HSPO” “HSPOW,” and “HSPOR,” respectively.
Holders
As of the date hereof, we had 2 holders of record of our units, 5 holders of record of our separately traded Ordinary Shares, 1 holder of record of our separately traded Warrants, and 1 holder of record of our separately traded Rights. The number of record holders was determined from the records of our transfer agent.
Dividends
We have not paid any cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares to date and do not intend to pay cash dividends prior to the completion of our initial business combination. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition subsequent to completion of our initial business combination. The payment of any cash dividends subsequent to our initial business combination will be within the discretion of our board of directors at such time. In addition, our board of directors is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring any share dividends in the foreseeable future. Further, if we incur any indebtedness in connection with our initial business combination, our ability to declare dividends may be limited by restrictive covenants we may agree to in connection therewith.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
None.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Offerings
On June 14, 2022, we issued 10,000 Ordinary Shares to the Sponsor. On August 30, 2022, (1) we issued 1,725,000 Ordinary Shares to the Sponsor for a purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.0145 per share, and (2) the Sponsor surrendered 10,000 Ordinary Shares. On September 12, 2022, the Sponsor entered into a securities transfer agreement, pursuant to which the Sponsor transferred to our independent directors, Messrs. Angel Colon, Mark Singh, and Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres, 8,000, 5,000 and 5,000 Ordinary Shares, respectively, at the original purchase price, immediately prior to the closing of the IPO. The issuance of such Founder Shares to the Sponsor was made pursuant to the exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
On December 27, 2022, we consummated the IPO of 6,900,000 Public Units at a price of $10.00 per Public Unit, generating gross proceeds of $69,000,000. Network 1 Financial Securities, Inc. (“Network 1”) acted as the representatives of the underwriters of the IPO. The securities sold in the IPO were sold pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No.: 333-268578). The registration statement became effective on December 21, 2022.
Substantially concurrently with the closing of the IPO, we completed the Private Placement of 385,750 Private Units to the Sponsor, at a purchase price of $10.00 per Private Unit, generating gross proceeds to the Company of $3,857,500. The Private Units are identical to the Public Units sold in the IPO, except that the Sponsor agreed not to transfer, assign or sell any of the Private Units and the underlying securities (except to certain permitted transferees) until the completion of the Company’s initial business combination. The issuance of the Private Units was made pursuant to the exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
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Substantially concurrently with the closing of the IPO, we also issued 200,000 Ordinary Shares (the “Representative Shares”) to Network 1 and/or its designees as part of representative compensation. Network 1 has agreed (i) to waive its redemption rights with respect to such shares in connection with the completion of our initial business combination and (ii) to waive its rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such shares if we fail to complete our initial business combination within the prescribed timeline. The representative shares have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to a lock-up for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of the commencement of sales of this offering pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 (e)(1). Pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1), these securities will not be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of the commencement of sales of the IPO, nor may they be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of the commencement of sales of the IPO except to any underwriter and selected dealer participating in the IPO and their officers, partners, registered persons or affiliates. The issuance of the Representative Shares was made pursuant to the exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
A total of $70,207,500 ($10.175 per Public Unit) from the IPO and the Private Placement were placed in a U.S.-based Trust Account maintained by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. We paid a total of $1,380,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions and $581,124 for other offering cost.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.
Item 6. Reserved.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
References to the “Company,” “HSPO,” “us,” “our,” or “we” refer to Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and related notes herein.
The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the notes related thereto which are included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are a blank check company formed under the laws of Cayman Island on June 14, 2022, for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses. On September 16, 2024, we entered into a Business Combination Agreement (defined below) with Group Companies (defined below) and contemplating the Transactions (defined below) thereunder.
We expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of consummation of the Transactions. We cannot assure you that our plans to raise capital or to complete the Transactions will be successful.
Initial Public Offering and Private Placement
On June 14, 2022, we issued 10,000 ordinary shares of a par value of $0.0001 each (the “Ordinary Shares”) to Horizon Space Acquisition I Sponsor Corp. (the “Sponsor”). On August 30, 2022, (1) we issued 1,725,000 Ordinary Shares to the Sponsor for a purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.0145 per share, and (2) the Sponsor surrendered 10,000 Ordinary Shares. On September 12, 2022, the Sponsor entered into a securities transfer agreement, pursuant to which the Sponsor transferred to our independent directors, Messrs. Angel Colon, Mark Singh, and Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres, 8,000, 5,000 and 5,000 Ordinary Shares, respectively, at the original purchase price, immediately prior to the closing of the IPO. We refer to these Ordinary Shares throughout as the “Founder Shares.”
On December 27, 2022, we consummated the IPO of 6,900,000 units (the “Public Units”), which included 900,000 Public Units issued upon the full exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. Each Public Unit consists of one Ordinary Share, one redeemable warrant (the “Warrants”), each whole Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, and one right (the “Right”), each one Right entitling the holder thereof to exchange for one-tenth of one Ordinary Share upon the completion of the initial business combination. The Public Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per Public Unit, generating gross proceeds of $69.0 million.
On December 27, 2022, simultaneously with the consummation of the IPO, we completed the private sale (the “Private Placement”) of 385,750 units (the “Private Units”) to the Sponsor, at a purchase price of $10.00 per Private Unit, generating gross proceeds to us of $3,857,500.
The proceeds of $70,207,500 ($10.175 per Public Unit) in the aggregate from the IPO and the Private Placement, were placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”) established for the benefit of our public shareholders and the underwriter of the IPO with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee.
Our management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the proceeds of the IPO and the Private Placement that are held out of the Trust Account, although substantially all the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally towards consummating a business combination and working capital.
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Proposed Transactions with Squirrel
On September 16, 2024, HSPO entered into the business combination agreement and plan of merger (as the same may be amended, restated or supplemented, the “Business Combination Agreement”) with Squirrel Enlivened Technology Co., Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares (“HoldCo”), Squirrel Enlivened International Co., Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares (“PubCo”) and Squirrel Enlivened Overseas Co., Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares (“Merger Sub,” together with HoldCo and PubCo, the “Group Companies,” or each individually, a “Group Company”).
HoldCo, through Shenzhen Squirrel Enlivened Media Group Co., Ltd, a limited liability company established under the laws of China (“Shenzhen Squirrel”), and HoldCo’s other subsidiaries, including Squirrel Enlivened (Hong Kong) Technology Limited (“Squirrel HK”), is in the business of brand marketing and strategy consulting.
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, (a) HoldCo will merge with and into PubCo in accordance with the Companies Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands (the “Cayman Companies Act”), whereupon the separate existence of HoldCo will cease, and PubCo will be the surviving company (the “Reorganization”), and (b) at least one (1) business day after the closing of the Reorganization (the “Reorganization Closing”), Merger Sub will merge with and into HSPO in accordance with the Cayman Companies Act, whereupon the separate existence of Merger Sub will cease, and HSPO will be the surviving company (the “Merger”). As a result of the Reorganization and the Merger, among other things, (a) all of the issued and outstanding securities of HoldCo immediately prior to the filing of the plan of merger with respect to the Reorganization (the “Plan of Reorganization”) to the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands, or such later time as may be specified in the Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Effective Time”) shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled, in exchange for the right of the holders thereof to receive a certain number of securities of PubCo as described below, and (b) all of the issued and outstanding securities of HSPO immediately prior to the filing of the plan of merger with respect to the Merger (the “Plan of Merger”) to the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands, or such later time as may be specified in the Plan of Merger (the “Merger Effective Time”) shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled, in exchange for the right of the holders thereof to receive substantially equivalent securities of PubCo, in each case, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement and in accordance with the provisions of the Cayman Companies Act and other applicable laws. The Reorganization, the Merger, and each of the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement or any of the other relevant Transaction Documents (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) are collectively referred to as “Transactions.”
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, each ordinary share of HoldCo, par value $0.0001 per share (the “HoldCo Ordinary Shares”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Reorganization Effective Time, subject to certain exceptions, shall be cancelled and automatically converted into the right to receive, without interest, such number of the newly issued shares of the ordinary shares of PubCo, par value $0.0001 per share (the “PubCo Ordinary Shares”) that is equal to a ratio, being equal to a fraction: (A) the numerator of which is $200,000,000 divided by $10.00 per share, and (B) the denominator of which is the total number of HoldCo Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Reorganization Effective Time.
Shareholder Meetings
September 2023 Shareholder Meeting
Following the consummation of our initial public offering, we had until September 27, 2023 to consummate an initial business combination. On September 25, 2023, we held an extraordinary general meeting (the “First Shareholder Meeting”), where the shareholders of the Company approved the proposal to amend Articles 48.7 and 48.8 of the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “Charter”) to provide that the Company must (i) consummate a business combination, or (ii) cease its operations except for the purpose of winding up if it fails to complete such Business Combination and redeem or repurchase 100% of the Company’s public shares included as part of the public units issued in the Company’s initial public offering, by September 27, 2023, and if the Company does not consummate a business combination by September 27, 2023, it may be extended up to six times, each by a one-month extension (the “First Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension”), for a total of up to six months to March 27, 2024, without the need for any further approval of the Company’s shareholders. For each Monthly Extension, the Sponsor and/or its designee will deposit $70,000 (the “First Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension Fee”) for all remaining public shares into the Trust Account. In connection with the First Shareholder Meeting, 562,779 Ordinary Shares were rendered for redemption, and approximately $5.93 million was released from the Trust Account to pay such redeeming shareholders.
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March 2024 Shareholder Meeting
On March 22, 2024, we held an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders (the “Second Shareholder Meeting”), where the shareholders of the Company approved the proposals, among the others, to amend Articles 48.7 and 48.8 of the Company’s Charter to provide that the Company must (i) consummate a business combination, or (ii) cease its operations except for the purpose of winding up if it fails to complete such Business Combination and redeem or repurchase 100% of the Company’s public shares included as part of the public units issued in the Company’s initial public offering, by March 27, 2024, and if the Company does not consummate a business combination by March 27, 2024, it may be extended up to nine times, each by a Monthly Extension, for a total of up to nine months to, without the need for any further approval of the Company’s shareholders. For each Monthly Extension, the Sponsor and/or its designee will deposit $60,000 for all remaining public shares into the Trust Account (the “Second Shareholder Meeting Related Extension Fee”). In connection with 2024 Shareholder Meeting, the Company received the redemption requests from its public shareholders to redeem a total of 815,581 Ordinary Shares. In connection with the Second Shareholder Meeting, approximately $8.86 million were released from the Trust Account to pay such redeeming shareholders.
December 2024 Shareholder Meeting
On December 23, 2024, we held an extraordinary general meeting in lieu of an annual meeting of shareholders (the “Third Shareholder Meeting”), where the shareholders of the Company approved the proposals, among the others, to amend Articles 48.7 and 48.8 of the Company’s Charter to provide that the Company must (i) consummate a business combination, or (ii) cease its operations except for the purpose of winding up if it fails to complete such business combination and redeem or repurchase 100% of the Company’s public shares included as part of the public units issued in the Company’s initial public offering, by December 27, 2024, and if the Company does not consummate a business combination by December 27, 2024, it may be extended up to twelve times, each by a monthly extension (the “Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension”), for a total of up to twelve months to, without the need for any further approval of the Company’s shareholders. For each Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension, the Sponsor and/or its designee shall deposit $120,000 for all remaining public shares into the Trust Account (the “Third Shareholder Meeting Related Extension Fee”). In connection with the Third Shareholder Meeting, the Company received the redemption requests from its public shareholders to redeem a total of 3,663,651 Ordinary Shares and approximately $41.73 million were released from the Trust Account to pay such redeeming shareholders.
Trust Agreement Amendments
At the First Shareholder Meeting, the shareholders of the Company approved, among others, the Company to amend the Investment Management Trust Agreement dated December 21, 2022, (as the same may be amended, restated or supplemented, the “Trust Agreement”), by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the “Trustee”) to provide that the Trustee must commence liquidation of the Trust Account by September 27, 2023, or, if further extended by up to six First Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extensions, up to March 27, 2024. Upon the shareholders’ approval, on September 25, 2023, the Company and the Trustee entered into the amendment to the Trust Agreement.
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On October 4, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Trust Agreement. Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, the Company may request the Trustee to distribute up to $100,000 of the amount of interest income earned on the Trust Account of the Company to set aside for future payment for dissolution expenses, if applicable. Upon such amendment, the Company requested the Trustee distribute $100,000 from the Trust Account to the Company’s cash account accordingly.
At the Second Shareholder Meeting, the shareholders of the Company approved, among others, the Company to amend Trust Agreement to provide that the Trustee must commence liquidation of the Trust Account by March 27, 2024, or, if further extended by up to nine Second Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extensions, up to December 27, 2024. Upon the shareholders’ approval, on March 22, 2024, the Company and the Trustee entered into the amendment to the Trust Agreement, pursuant to which the Second Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension Fee was $60,000 per each Second Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension.
At the Third Shareholder Meeting, the shareholders of the Company approved, among other things, that the Trustee must commence liquidation of the Trust Account by December 27, 2024, or, if further extended by up to twelve Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extensions, up to December 27, 2025. Upon the shareholders’ approval, on December 23, 2024, the Company and the Trustee entered into an amendment to the Trust Agreement, pursuant to which the Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension Fee is $120,000 for each Third Shareholder Meeting Related Monthly Extension.
Extensions and Extension Notes
In connection with the historical extensions, as of the date hereof, an aggregate of $1,320,000 extension fees had been deposited into the Trust Account, among which $70,000 was made by the Sponsor and $1,250,000 was made by Shenzhen Squirrel or Squirrel HK, respectively. The Company issued a total of 18 unsecured promissory notes to evidence the payment of the Monthly Extension Fees, including 1 note to the Sponsor (the “Sponsor Extension Notes”) and 17 notes to Shenzhen Squirrel or Squirrel HK (the “Squirrel Extension Notes,” together with the Sponsor Extension Note, collectively the “Extension Notes”), respectively.
On September 14, 2024, Shenzhen Squirrel notified HSPO that it has elected not to convert the Squirrel Extension Notes into Conversion Units upon the consummation of the Transactions, and since September 2024, all the subsequent Squirrel Extension Notes were issued without such conversion rights, thus Squirrel Extension Notes will become intercompany notes between PubCo and any other Group Companies, as applicable, upon the Merger Closing.
Working Capital Loans
As of the date hereof, HSPO has issued three (3) Sponsor Working Capital Notes to the Sponsor on April 12, 2024, October 8, 2024 and February 5, 2025, respectively, in connection with the Working Capital Loans in a total amount of $1,000,000 provided by the Sponsor (such three unsecured promissory notes, the “Sponsor Working Capital Notes” and, together with the Extension Notes, collectively, the “Notes”). The proceeds of the Sponsor Notes, which may be drawn down from time to time until the Company consummates its initial business combination, will be used for general working capital purposes.
The Notes bear no interest and is payable in full upon the earlier to occur of (i) the consummation of the Company’s business combination or (ii) the date of expiry of the term of the Company (the “Maturity Date”). The following shall constitute an event of default: (i) a failure to pay the principal within five business days of the Maturity Date; (ii) the commencement of a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy action, (iii) the breach of the Company’s obligations thereunder; (iv) any cross defaults; (v) an enforcement proceedings against the Company; and (vi) any unlawfulness and invalidity in connection with the performance of the obligations thereunder, in which case the Extension Notes may be accelerated.
The payee of the Sponsor Extension Notes and the Sponsor Working Capital Notes (collectively, the “Sponsor Notes”) has the right, but not the obligation, to convert the Sponsor Notes, in whole or in part, respectively, into private units (the “Extension Units”) of the Company, each consisting of one Ordinary Share, one warrant, and one right to receive one-tenth (1/10) of one Ordinary Share upon the consummation of a business combination, as described in the IPO prospectus of the Company (File No: 333-268578), by providing the Company with written notice of the intention to convert at least two business days prior to the closing of the business combination. The number of Extension Units to be received by the payees in connection with such conversion shall be an amount determined by dividing (x) the sum of the outstanding principal amount payable to the payees by (y) $10.00.
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Results of Operations and Known Trends or Future Events
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities since inception have been organizational activities and those necessary to prepare for the IPO, search for a target and prepare the Transactions. Following the IPO, we have not generated any operating revenues until after completion of our initial business combination. We will generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on cash and cash equivalents after the IPO. There has been no significant change in our financial or trading position and no material adverse change has occurred since the date of our audited financial statements. After the IPO, we incur increased expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for expenses associated with the search for target opportunities.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, we had a net income of $2,112,351 which consisted of interest and dividend income of $3,171,545 on investments held in Trust Account which was offset by operating cost of $1,059,194.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had a net income of $2,911,033 which consisted of interest and dividend income of $3,471,188 on investments held in Trust Account which was offset by operating cost of $560,155.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2024, we had $7,815 of cash held outside of the Trust Account, after payment of costs related to the IPO, and available for working capital purposes.
We intend to use substantially all of the net proceeds of the IPO, including the funds held in the Trust Account, to acquire a target business or businesses and to pay our expenses relating thereto, including deferred underwriting commissions of $2,415,000 payable to Network 1. To the extent that our share capital is used in whole or in part as consideration to effect our initial business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account as well as any other net proceeds not expended will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business. Such working capital funds could be used in a variety of ways including continuing or expanding the target business’ operations, for strategic acquisitions and for marketing, research and development of existing or new products. Such funds could also be used to repay any operating expenses or finders’ fees which we had incurred prior to the completion of our initial business combination if the funds available to us outside of the Trust Account were insufficient to cover such expenses.
Over the next 12 months (assuming a business combination is not consummated prior thereto), we will be using the funds held outside of the Trust Account to consummate the Transactions with Squirrel or if the Transactions is terminated, to complete an alternative business combination.
As of the date of this report, we have been relied on the loans from the Sponsor or Squirrel in support of our operations, contemplating the Transactions or the Third Shareholder Meeting Related Extensions. We may need to obtain additional financing either to consummate our initial business combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon consummation of our initial business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, we would only consummate such financing simultaneously with the consummation of our initial business combination. Following our initial business combination, if cash on hand is insufficient, we may need to obtain additional financing in order to meet our obligations.
As of December 31, 2024, we had cash of $7,815 and a working capital deficiency of $1,974,004. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant professional costs to remain as a publicly traded company and to incur significant transaction costs in pursuit of the consummation of a business combination. In connection with our assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our management’s plan in addressing this uncertainty is through the Working Capital Loans from our Sponsor or its affiliates. In addition, if we are unable to complete a business combination within the Combination Period, our board of directors would proceed to commence a voluntary liquidation and thereby a formal dissolution of us. There is no assurance that our plans to consummate a business combination will be successful within the Combination Period. As a result, management has determined that such additional condition also raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our financial statement does not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
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Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements
We have no obligations, assets or liabilities that would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2024. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2024, we do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities.
We are obligated to pay the underwriters a deferred underwriting fees equal to 3.5% of the gross proceeds of the IPO. Upon completion of the business combination, $2,415,000 will be paid to the underwriters from the funds held in the Trust Account.
The Founder Shares, the Ordinary Shares included in the Private Units, and any Ordinary Shares that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans (and any underlying securities) will be entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration and shareholder rights agreement entered into in connection with the IPO. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that we register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to our completion of our initial business combination. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
In preparing these financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates. We have identified the following critical accounting policies and estimates:
Investments Held in Trust Account
At December 31, 2024, asset held in the Trust Account was $21,320,091. Substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were held in mutual funds with the underlying investments in U.S. Treasury securities. The Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as trading securities. Trading securities are presented on the balance sheet at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Interest and dividend income earned from investments held in Trust Account and gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of investments held in Trust Account are included in interest and dividend income on investments held in Trust Account in the accompanying statements of operations. The estimated fair values of investments held in Trust Account are determined using available market information.
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Warrants
We account for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to our own Ordinary Shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of our control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance. We determined that upon further review of the warrant agreements, we concluded that our warrants qualify for equity accounting treatment.
Offering Costs
Offering costs consisting principally of underwriting, legal, accounting and other expenses that are directly related to the IPO and charged to shareholders’ deficit upon the completion of the IPO. We comply with the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 340-10-S99-1, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs – SEC Materials” (“ASC 340-10-S99”) and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A, “Expenses of Offering”.
Share-Based Compensation Expense
We account for share-based compensation expense in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). Under ASC 718, share-based compensation associated with equity-classified awards is measured at fair value upon the grant date and recognized over the requisite service period. To the extent a share-based award is subject to a performance condition, the amount of expense recorded in a given period, if any, reflects an assessment of the probability of achieving such performance condition, with compensation recognized once the event is deemed probable to occur. Forfeitures are recognized as incurred.
Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption
We account for our Ordinary Shares subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Ordinary shares subject to mandatory redemption (if any) are classified as a liability instrument and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable Ordinary Shares (including ordinary shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, Ordinary Shares are classified as shareholders’ equity. Our public shares of Ordinary Shares feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of our control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, Ordinary Shares included in the Public Units subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ equity section of our balance sheet. We recognize changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable Ordinary Shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable Ordinary Shares are affected by charges against additional paid in capital or accumulated deficit.
Share Compensation Expense
We account for share-based compensation expense in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). Under ASC 718, share-based compensation associated with equity-classified awards is measured at fair value upon the grant date and recognized over the requisite service period. To the extent a share-based award is subject to a performance condition, the amount of expense recorded in a given period, if any, reflects an assessment of the probability of achieving such performance condition, with compensation recognized once the event is deemed probable to occur. Forfeitures are recognized as incurred.
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Net Income (Loss) Per Ordinary Share
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. In order to determine the net income (loss) attributable to both the redeemable shares and non-redeemable shares, the Company first considered the undistributed income (loss) allocable to both the redeemable shares and non-redeemable shares and the undistributed income (loss) is calculated using the total net loss less interest income and dividend income and unrealized gain or loss on investments in trust account less any dividends paid. We then allocated the undistributed income (loss) ratably based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding between the redeemable and non-redeemable shares. Any remeasurement of the accretion to redemption value of the ordinary shares subject to possible redemption was considered to be dividends paid to the public shareholders.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” defines fair value, the methods used to measure fair value and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the buyer and the seller at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, income approach and cost approach shall be used to measure fair value. ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for inputs, which represent the assumptions used by the buyer and seller in pricing the asset or liability. These inputs are further defined as observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are those that buyer and seller would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that the buyer and seller would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
The fair value hierarchy is categorized into three levels based on the inputs as follows:
| ● | Level 1 — based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not being applied. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these securities does not entail a significant degree of judgment. |
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| ● | Level 2 — Valuations based on (i) quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, (ii) quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices for the assets or liabilities, or (iv) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market through correlation or other means. |
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| ● | Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. |
At December 31, 2024, the assets held in the Trust Account were held in mutual funds with the underlying investments in U.S. Treasury securities. All of the Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as trading securities and Level 1 investments.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under ASC740 Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. ASC 740 additionally requires a valuation allowance to be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized.
ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition. We have identified Cayman Islands as its only “major” tax jurisdiction, as defined. Based on our evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in our financial statements. We believe that its income tax positions and deductions would be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change to its financial position. Our policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits is to record such items as a component of income tax expense.
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We may be subject to potential examination by foreign taxing authorities in the area of income taxes. These potential examinations may include questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with foreign tax laws.
Our tax provision was deemed to be de minimis for the period presented. We are considered to be an exempted Cayman Islands Company and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued a new standard (ASU 2020-06) to reduce the complexity of accounting for convertible debt and other equity-linked instruments. For certain convertible debt instruments with a cash conversion feature, the changes are a trade-off between simplifications in the accounting model (no separation of an “equity” component to impute a market interest rate, and simpler analysis of embedded equity features) and a potentially adverse impact to diluted earnings per share by requiring the use of the if-converted method. The new standard will also impact other financial instruments commonly issued by both public and private companies. For example, the separation model for beneficial conversion features is eliminated simplifying the analysis for issuers of convertible debt and convertible preferred stock. Also, certain specific requirements to achieve equity classification and/or qualify for the derivative scope exception for contracts indexed to an entity’s own equity are removed, enabling more freestanding instruments and embedded features to avoid mark-to-market accounting. The new standard is effective for companies that are SEC filers (except for smaller reporting companies) for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods within that year, and two years later for other companies. Companies can early adopt the standard at the start of a fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2020. The standard can either be adopted on a modified retrospective or a full retrospective basis.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our financial statements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
As of December 31, 2024, we were not subject to any market or interest rate risk. Following the consummation of our IPO, the net proceeds of our IPO, including amounts in the Trust Account, have been invested in mutual funds with the underlying investments in U.S. Treasury securities. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, we believe there will be no associated material exposure to market or interest rate risk.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
This information appears following Item 15 of this Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is made aware to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e) under the Exchange Act) were effective.
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
As required by SEC rules and regulations implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
(1) | pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company, |
(2) | provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and |
(3) | provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect errors or misstatements in our financial statements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree or compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2024. In making these assessments, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessments and those criteria, management determined that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of internal controls from our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
None.
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PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Officers, Directors and Director Nominees
Our officers and directors are as follows:
Name |
| Age |
| Position |
Mingyu (Michael) Li |
| 41 |
| Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Director, and Chairman |
Angel Colon |
| 51 |
| Independent Director |
Mark Singh |
| 33 |
| Independent Director |
Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres |
| 53 |
| Independent Director |
Mr. Mingyu (Michael) Li, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Director and Chairman of the board of director. Since August 2023, Mr. Li has served as the Chief Executive Officer of DREAM SPACE HOLDINGS PTE. LTD., a company providing consulting services located in Singapore. Since March 2023, Mr. Li has served the Chief Executive Officer, Director and Chairman of the board of director of Horizon Space Acquisition II Corp. (Nasdaq: HSPT), a special purpose acquisition company listing on Nasdaq. From March 2022 to March 2024, Mr. Li served as a director of Lakeshore Acquisition II Corp. (Former Nasdaq: LBBB), a special purpose acquisition company previously listing on Nasdaq, which completed its business combination with Nature’s Miracle Holding Inc. (Nasdaq: NMHI). Since November 2021, Mr. Li has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Hangzhou Qianhe Mingde Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd., namely Horizon Holdings, a company providing consulting services. Since March 2020, Mr. Li has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Hangzhou Qianhe Mingde Equity Investment Co., Ltd., namely Horizon Capital, a private equity firm focusing renewable and AI-driven manufacturing. In Horizon Capital, he has led a number of private equity fundraisings, managed advisory business for cross-border mergers & acquisitions (“M&A”). Since December 2019, Mr. Li has served as the Chief Executive Officer at Shenzhen Hetai Mingde Capital Management Co., Ltd., a company provide capital management services. From January 2014 to January 2019, Mr. Li served as a Senior Partner at Hejun Capital, a private equity firm specializing in providing capital operation system solutions to high-growth enterprises. During his tenure in Hejun Capital, Mr. Li participated in two M&A transactions and post-merger integration projects involving listed companies in the media sector. From January 2012 to January 2013, Mr. Li served as a Director of Investment Banking in China Minsheng Bank, one of the leading commercial banks in China, where he was responsible for investment banking and financing needs of large energy companies. Mr. Li received his MBA Degree with a major in Finance from Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business in 2012 and a Bachelor Degree in Law from Hebei University in 2007.
Mr. Angel Colon serves as our independent director. Since July 2021, Mr. Colon has also served as an Independent Director of Sentage Holdings Inc. (Nasdaq: SNTG), a holding company providing financial services in the PRC. Since June 2019, he has served as the Managing Director of Entoro Capital LLC, a financial and strategic advisory services firm. From July 2020 to November 2022, Mr. Colon has served as the Chief Compliance Officer of Entoro Wealth LLC since July 2020, an investment advisory and asset management firm. Both Entoro Wealth LLC and Entoro Capital LLC are affiliated with Entoro Securities LLC (CRD#: 35192/SEC#: 8-4663), a registered brokerage firm. Mr. Colon served as a financial advisor and consultant of Andean Farm and Pharma Corp. from December 2018 to June 2021 and Bronson Resource Limited from December 2018 to June 2021, responsible for research-backed support of strategies concerning the mitigation of risk and financial planning. He has served as a Managing Member of Turing Funds, LLC since July 2017, a financial services firm. He has also served as a Managing Member of NY Capital Management Group, LLC, an investment management firm, since January 2017. From October 2018 to February 2020, Mr. Colon served as a Managing Member of Vega Management Advisors, LLC, and Vega Management Investments, LLC, both of which are investment management firms. Mr. Colon received a Bachelor Degree of Science in International Business from St. John Fisher College in 1996. He has passed FINRA Series 6, Series 7, Series 24, Series 63 and Series 65 examinations and is a licensed broker registered with FINRA (CRD#: 2924711).
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Mr. Mark Singh serves as our independent director. Since May 2023, Mr. Singh has served as the associate director of TargetCast LLC, a company providing internet and media advertising services. From January 2021 to April 2023, Mr. Singh served as a Project Manager of NY Capital Management Group, LLC, responsible for marketing and client relations. From September 2020 to December 2020, Mr. Singh served as a Project Manager of Turing Funds, LLC, responsible for administrative matters. From October 2017 to July 2020, Mr. Singh served as the Head of Performance of the U.S. office of Beyond Media Global LLC, a marketing agency company, where he was responsible for digital advertising accounts managements. Mr. Singh received a Bachelor Degree of Arts in History, minor in Government from Harvard College in 2013.
Mr. Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres serves as our independent director. Since June 2018, Mr. Gonzalez Caceres has served as a director of DISTASA S.A. ESP, an electricity transmission utility company in Colombia. Since May 2018, Mr. Gonzalez Caceres has been a self-employed independent consultant to provide consultation services for companies in power generation (solar/small hydro), power transmission and commodities trading industries. From September 2011 to April 2018, Mr. Gonzalez Caceres served as an External Relations Manager of Frontera Energy Corp. (TSE: FEC), a Canadian-based petroleum exploration and production company in the business of heavy crude oil and natural gas in South America, where he was responsible for monitoring the legislative and regulatory agenda related to the company’s business and operations. Mr. Gonzalez Caceres received a Juris Doctor Degree from Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in 1992, a Master Degree in International Law from Tulane University Law School in 1996, and a Certificate in Administrative Law from Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in 2006.
Number and Terms of Office of Officers and Directors
Our board of directors consists of four members. Our board of directors is divided into three classes, with only one class of directors being elected in each year, and with each class (except for those directors appointed prior to our first annual meeting of shareholders) serving a three-year term: Class I, with a term expiring at the 2027 annual general meeting — Angel Colon; Class II, with a term expiring at the 2025 annual general meeting — Mark Singh and Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres; and Class III, with a term expiring at the 2026 annual general meeting — Mingyu (Michael) Li. Prior to the completion of an initial business combination, any vacancies on our board of directors may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present and voting at the meeting of our board of directors. After completion of the business combination, subject to any other special rights applicable to the shareholders, any vacancies on our board of directors may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present and voting at the meeting of our board of directors or by a majority of the holders of our Ordinary Shares.
Our officers are appointed by the board of directors and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, rather than for specific terms of office. Our board of directors is authorized to appoint persons to the offices set forth in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association as it deems appropriate. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provides that our officers may consist of a Chairman, a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, Vice Presidents, a Secretary, Assistant Secretaries, a Treasurer and such other offices as may be determined by the board of directors.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors currently has two standing committees: an audit committee and a compensation committee. Because we are a “controlled company” under applicable Nasdaq rules, we do not have a nominating and governance committee. Subject to phase-in rules and a limited exception, the rules of NASDAQ and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act require that the audit committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent directors, and the rules of NASDAQ require that the compensation committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent directors.
Audit Committee
Messrs. Colon, Singh, and Gonzalez Caceres currently serve as members of our audit committee. Under Nasdaq listing standards and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have three members of the audit committee, all of whom must be independent, subject to the certain phase-in provisions. Our board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Colon, Singh, and Gonzalez Caceres meet the independent director standard under Nasdaq listing standards and under Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the Exchange Act.
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Mr. Colon serves as the Chairman of the audit committee. Each member of the audit committee meets the financial literacy requirements of Nasdaq, and our board of directors has determined that Mr. Colon qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules.
The audit committee’s duties, which are specified in our Audit Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to:
● | reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor the annual audited financial statements, and recommending to the board whether the audited financial statements should be included in our Form 10-K; |
| ● | discussing with management and the independent auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of our financial statements; |
| ● | discussing with management major risk assessment and risk management policies; |
| ● | monitoring the independence of the independent auditor; |
| ● | verifying the rotation of the lead (or coordinating) audit partner having primary responsibility for the audit and the audit partner responsible for reviewing the audit as required by law; |
| ● | reviewing and approving all related-party transactions; |
| ● | inquiring and discussing with management our compliance with applicable laws and regulations; |
| ● | pre-approving all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be performed by our independent auditor, including the fees and terms of the services to be performed; |
| ● | appointing or replacing the independent auditor; |
| ● | determining the compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; |
| ● | establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or reports which raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies; and |
| ● | approving reimbursement of expenses incurred by our management team in identifying potential target businesses. |
The audit committee is governed by a charter that complies with the rules of Nasdaq.
Compensation Committee
We have established a compensation committee of the board of directors, which consists of Messrs. Colon, Singh, and Gonzalez Caceres, each of whom is an independent director under Nasdaq’s listing standards. Mr. Singh is the Chairperson of the compensation committee. The compensation committee’s duties, which are specified in our Compensation Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to:
| ● | reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, evaluating our Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our Chief Executive Officer’s based on such evaluation; |
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| ● | reviewing and approving the compensation of all of our other executive officers; |
| ● | reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans; |
| ● | implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans; |
| ● | assisting management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements; |
| ● | approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our executive officers and employees; |
| ● | if required, producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and |
| ● | reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, as indicated above, no compensation of any kind, including finders, consulting or other similar fees, will be paid to any of our existing shareholders, including our directors or any of their respective affiliates, prior to, or for any services they render in order to effectuate, the consummation of a business combination. Accordingly, it is likely that prior to the consummation of an initial business combination, the compensation committee will only be responsible for the review and recommendation of any compensation arrangements to be entered into in connection with such initial business combination.
Director Nominations
We do not have a standing nominating committee. In accordance with Rule 5605(e)(2) of the NASDAQ Rules, a majority of the independent directors may recommend a director nominee for selection by the board of directors. The board of directors believes that the independent directors can satisfactorily carry out the responsibility of properly selecting or approving director nominees without the formation of a standing nominating committee. As there is no standing nominating committee, we do not have a nominating committee charter in place.
The board of directors will also consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our shareholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to stand for election at the next annual general meeting of shareholders (or, if applicable, a special meeting of shareholders). Our shareholders that wish to nominate a director for election to our board of directors should follow the procedures set forth in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, our board of directors considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and the ability to represent the best interests of our shareholders.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics and business conduct (the “Code of Ethics”) applicable to our directors, officers and employees. You are able to review these documents by accessing our public filings at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Code of Ethics will be provided without charge upon request from us. We intend to disclose any amendments to or waivers of certain provisions of our Code of Ethics in a Current Report on Form 8-K.
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Clawback Policy
We adopted a clawback policy on November 28, 2023 that applies to our executive officers (the “Policy”) in order to comply with Nasdaq rules, which were approved by the SEC in June of 2023. The Policy took effect on November 29, 2023.
The policy gives the Compensation Committee the discretion to require executive officers to reimburse us for any Erroneously Awarded Compensation (as defined in the Policy) that was based on financial results that were subsequently restated as a result of that person’s misconduct.
Conflicts of Interest
Potential investors should be aware of the following potential conflicts of interest:
| · | None of our officers and directors is required to commit their full time to our affairs and, accordingly, they may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time among various business activities. |
|
|
|
| · | In the course of their other business activities, our officers and directors may become aware of investment and business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to our company as well as the other entities with which they are affiliated. Our management has pre-existing fiduciary duties and contractual obligations and may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. As a result, our officers or directors may present a potential target to our competitor that would had been presented to us or devote time to our affairs which may have a negative impact on our ability to complete our initial business combination. |
|
|
|
| · | Our officers and directors may in the future become affiliated with entities, including other blank check companies, engaged in business activities similar to those intended to be conducted by our company. |
|
|
|
| · | The Founder Shares owned by our officers and directors will be released from escrow only if a business combination is successfully completed and subject to certain other limitations. Additionally, our officers and directors will not receive distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any of their Founder Shares if we do not complete a business combination. Furthermore, our insiders have agreed that the Private Units will not be sold or transferred by them until after we have completed our initial business combination. In addition, our officers and directors may loan funds to us and may be owed reimbursement for expenses incurred in connection with certain activities on our behalf which would only be repaid if we complete an initial business combination. For the foregoing reasons, the personal and financial interests of our directors and executive officers may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business, completing a business combination in a timely manner and securing the release of their shares. |
In addition to the above, directors also owe a duty of care which is not fiduciary in nature. This duty has been defined as a requirement to act as a reasonably diligent person having both the general knowledge, skill and experience that may reasonably be expected of a person carrying out the same functions as are carried out by that director in relation to the company and the general knowledge skill and experience which that director has.
As set out above, directors have a duty not to put themselves in a position of conflict and this includes a duty not to engage in self-dealing, or to otherwise benefit as a result of their position. However, in some instances what would otherwise be a breach of this duty can be forgiven and/or authorized in advance by the shareholders provided that there is full disclosure by the directors. This can be done by way of permission granted in the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association or alternatively by shareholder approval at general meetings.
Accordingly, as a result of multiple business affiliations, our officers and directors may have similar legal obligations relating to presenting business opportunities meeting the above-listed criteria to multiple entities. In addition, conflicts of interest may arise when our board evaluates a particular business opportunity with respect to the above-listed criteria. We cannot assure you that any of the above-mentioned conflicts will be resolved in our favor. Furthermore, most of our officers and directors have pre-existing fiduciary obligations to other businesses of which they are officers or directors. To the extent they identify business opportunities which may be suitable for the entities to which they owe pre-existing fiduciary obligations, our officers and directors will honor those fiduciary obligations. Accordingly, it is possible they may not present opportunities to us that otherwise may be attractive to us unless the entities to which they owe pre-existing fiduciary obligations and any successors to such entities have declined to accept such opportunities.
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In order to minimize potential conflicts of interest which may arise from multiple corporate affiliations, each of our officers and directors has contractually agreed, pursuant to a written agreement with us, until the earliest of a business combination, our liquidation or such time as he ceases to be an officer or director, to present to our company for our consideration, prior to presentation to any other entity, any suitable business opportunity which may reasonably be required to be presented to us, subject to any pre-existing fiduciary or contractual obligations he might have.
In connection with the vote required for any business combination, all of our officers and directors, have agreed to vote their respective Founder Shares and private shares in favor of any proposed business combination. In addition, they have agreed to waive their respective rights to participate in any liquidation distribution with respect to the Founder Shares. If they purchase Ordinary Shares in the open market, however, they would be entitled to participate in any liquidation distribution in respect of such shares but have agreed not to convert such shares (or sell their shares in any tender offer) in connection with the consummation of our initial business combination or an amendment to our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association relating to pre-business combination activity.
All ongoing and future transactions between us and any of our officers and directors or their respective affiliates will be on terms believed by us to be no less favorable to us than are available from unaffiliated third parties. Such transactions will require prior approval by our audit committee and a majority of our uninterested “independent” directors, or the members of our board who do not have an interest in the transaction, in either case who had access, at our expense, to our attorneys or independent legal counsel. We will not enter into any such transaction unless our audit committee and a majority of our disinterested “independent” directors determine that the terms of such transaction are no less favorable to us than those that would be available to us with respect to such a transaction from unaffiliated third parties.
To further minimize conflicts of interest, a special committee consisting of independent directors only was formed to review and evaluate the Transactions with Squirrel. The Special Committee obtained an opinion from an independent investment banking firm that the Transactions are fair to our unaffiliated shareholders from a financial point of view and approved the Transactions with the Squirrel. Furthermore, none of our insiders, officers, directors, special advisors or their respective affiliates has been or will be paid any finder’s fee, consulting fee or other similar compensation prior to, or for any services they render in order to effectuate, the Transactions with Squirrel.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, requires our executive officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our shares of Common Stock and other equity securities. These executive officers, directors, and greater than 10% beneficial owners are required by SEC regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms filed by such reporting persons.
Based solely upon a review of such forms furnished to us during the most recent fiscal year, or written representations that no Forms 5 were required, we believe that that all such forms required to be filed pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act were timely filed by the officers, directors, and security holders required to file the same during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
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Item 11. Executive Compensation.
None of our officers or directors has received any cash compensation for services rendered to us, except that our independent directors, Messrs. Angel Colon, Mark Singh, and Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres, held 9,000, 5,000 and 4,000 Founder Shares, respectively. Other than as set forth elsewhere, no compensation of any kind, including finder’s and consulting fees, will be paid to our founders, existing officers, directors and advisors, or any of their respective affiliates, for services rendered prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial business combination although we may consider cash or other compensation to officers or advisors we may hire subsequent to the IPO to be paid either prior to or in connection with our initial business combination. In addition, our officers, directors and advisors, or any of their respective affiliates will be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. Our audit committee will review on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to our founders, officers, directors or advisors, or our or their affiliates, including the extension loan and extension convertible notes.
After the completion of our initial business combination, directors or members of our management team who remain with us may be paid consulting or management fees from the combined company. All of these fees will be fully disclosed to shareholders, to the extent then known, in the tender offer materials or proxy solicitation materials furnished to our shareholders in connection with a proposed business combination. We have not established any limit on the amount of such fees that may be paid by the combined company to our directors or members of management. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of the proposed business combination, because the directors of the post-combination business will be responsible for determining officer and director compensation. Any compensation to be paid to our officers will be determined, or recommended to the board of directors for determination, either by a compensation committee constituted solely by independent directors or by a majority of the independent directors on our board of directors.
Following a business combination, to the extent we deem it necessary, we may seek to recruit additional managers to supplement the incumbent management team of the target business. We cannot assure you that we will have the ability to recruit additional managers, or that additional managers will have the requisite skills, knowledge or experience necessary to enhance the incumbent management.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters.
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary as of the date hereof by:
| ● | each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares; |
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| ● | each of our officers and directors; and |
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| ● | all of our officers and directors as a group. |
Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by them.
The beneficial ownership of our Ordinary Shares is based on an aggregate of 4,168,739 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of the date hereof and the record of beneficial ownership as indicated in the statements filed with the SEC pursuant section 13(d) or 13(g) as of the date hereof.
|
| Number of |
|
| Percentage of |
| ||
|
| Ordinary Shares |
|
| Outstanding |
| ||
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1) |
| Beneficially Owned (2) |
|
| Ordinary Shares |
| ||
Officers and Directors |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Mingyu (Michael) Li |
|
| 2,092,750 |
|
|
| 50.20 | % |
Angel Colon |
|
| 9,000 |
|
| * |
| |
Mark Singh |
|
| 5,000 |
|
| * |
| |
Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres |
|
| 4,000 |
|
| * |
| |
All officers and directors as a group (4 individuals) |
|
| 2,110,750 |
|
|
| 24.41 | % |
5% Holders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Horizon Space Acquisition I Sponsor Corp. (2) |
|
| 2,092,750 |
|
|
| 50.20 | % |
Westchester Capital Management, LLC(3) |
|
| 297,000 |
|
|
| 7.12 | % |
First Trust Merger Arbitrage Fund(4) |
|
| 280,410 |
|
|
| 6.73 | % |
Mizuho Financial Group, Inc.(5) |
|
| 399,500 |
|
|
| 9.58 | % |
WOLVERINE ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC(6) |
|
| 398,712 |
|
|
| 9.56 | % |
* | Less than one percent |
(1) | Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following is c/o Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp., 1412 Broadway, 21st Floor, Suite 21V, New York, NY 10018. |
(2) | Mingyu (Michael) Li is the sole member and sole director of Horizon Space Acquisition I Sponsor Corp., our Sponsor. The person having voting, dispositive or investment powers over the sponsor is Mingyu (Michael) Li, thus Mingyu (Michael) Li is deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held by the Sponsor. |
(3) | According to a Schedule 13G filed on February 14, 2025, jointly filed by Westchester Capital Management, LLC and Virtus Investment Advisers, LLC and The Merger Fund. The principal business address of the Westchester Capital Management, LLC is 100 Summit Drive, Valhalla, NY 10595 and Virtus Investment Advisers, LLC, One Financial Plaza, Hartford, CT 06103 and The Merger Fund, 101 Munson Street, Greenfield, MA 01301-9683. |
(4) | According to a Schedule 13G filed on February 14, 2025, jointly filed by First Trust Merger Arbitrage Fund , First Trust Capital Management L.P., First Trust Capital Solutions L.P., FTCS Sub GP LLC. The principal business address of First Trust Capital Management L.P., First Trust Capital Solutions L.P. and FTCS Sub GP LLC is 225 W. Wacker Drive, 21st Floor, Chicago, IL 60606. The principal business address of First Trust Merger Arbitrage Fund is 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, WI 53212. |
(5) | According to a Schedule 13G filed on February 13, 2025 by Mizuho Financial Group, Inc. The principal business address is 1-5-5, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8176, Japan. |
(2) | According to a Schedule 13G filed on January 31, 2025, jointly filed by WOLVERINE ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC, Wolverine Trading Partners, Inc., Wolverine Holdings, L.P. Christopher L. Gust, Robert R. Bellick. The principal business address of all the reporting persions is c/o Wolverine Asset Management, LLC, 175 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 340, Chicago, IL 60604. |
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Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Working Capital Loans
In order to meet the Company’s working capital needs following the consummation of the IPO, and to extend our life, the Sponsor, officers and directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion (the “Working Capital Loans”). Each loan would be evidenced by a promissory note. The notes would either be paid upon consummation of the Company initial business combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $3,000,000 of the notes may be converted upon consummation of the Company’s business combination into private units at a price of $10.00 per unit (which, for example, would result in the holders being issued units to acquire 330,000 Ordinary Shares (which includes 30,000 Ordinary Shares issuable underlying rights) and warrants to purchase 300,000 Ordinary Shares if $3,000,000 of notes were so converted). These notes would be in addition to any notes we issued in exchange for the funds necessary to extend our life. If the Company does not complete a business combination, the loans would be repaid out of funds not held in the Trust Account, and only to the extent available.
As of the date hereof, HSPO has issued three (3) Sponsor Working Capital Notes to the Sponsor on April 12, 2024, October 8, 2024 and February 5, 2025, respectively, in connection with the Working Capital Loans in a total amount of $1,000,000 provided by the Sponsor.
Extension Loans
As of December 31, 2024, an aggregate of $1,080,000 monthly extension fee had been deposited into the Trust Account, among which $70,000 was made by the Sponsor and $1,010,000 was made by Shenzhen Squirrel or Squirrel HK, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company issued a total of sixteen unsecured promissory notes to evidence the payment of the monthly extension fees, including 1 Sponsor Extension Notes and 15 Shenzhen Squirrel Extension Notes, respectively. If the Company does not complete a business combination, the loans would be repaid out of funds not held in the Trust Account, and only to the extent available.
The Extension Notes bear no interest and is payable in full upon the earlier to occur of (i) the consummation of the Company’s business combination or (ii) the date of expiry of the term of the Company (the “Maturity Date”). The following shall constitute an event of default: (i) a failure to pay the principal within five business days of the Maturity Date; (ii) the commencement of a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy action, (iii) the breach of the Company’s obligations thereunder; (iv) any cross defaults; (v) an enforcement proceedings against the Company; and (vi) any unlawfulness and invalidity in connection with the performance of the obligations thereunder, in which case the Extension Notes may be accelerated.
The payees of the Sponsor Extension Note has the right, but not the obligation, to convert the Sponsor Extension Note, in whole or in part, respectively, into Extension Units of the Company, each consisting of one Ordinary Share, one warrant, and one right to receive one-tenth (1/10) of one Ordinary Share upon the consummation of a business combination, as described in the IPO prospectus of the Company (File No: 333-268578), by providing the Company with written notice of the intention to convert at least two business days prior to the closing of the business combination. The number of Extension Units to be received by the payees in connection with such conversion shall be an amount determined by dividing (x) the sum of the outstanding principal amount payable to the payees by (y) $10.00.
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On September 14, 2024, Shenzhen Squirrel notified HSPO that it has elected not to convert the Squirrel Extension Notes into Conversion Units upon the consummation of the Transactions, and since September 2024, all the subsequent Squirrel Extension Notes were issued without such conversion rights, thus Squirrel Extension Notes will become intercompany notes between PubCo and any other Group Companies, as applicable, upon the Merger Closing.
Policy for Approval of Related Party Transactions
We have not yet adopted a formal policy for the review, approval or ratification of related party transactions. Accordingly, the transactions discussed above were not reviewed, approved or ratified in accordance with any such policy.
We have adopted a code of ethics requiring us to avoid, wherever possible, all conflicts of interests, except under guidelines or resolutions approved by our board of directors (or the appropriate committee of our board) or as disclosed in our public filings with the SEC. Under our code of ethics, conflict of interest situations will include any financial transaction, arrangement or relationship (including any indebtedness or guarantee of indebtedness) involving the company.
In addition, our audit committee, pursuant to a written charter will be responsible for reviewing and approving related party transactions to the extent that we enter into such transactions. An affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the audit committee present at a meeting at which a quorum is present will be required in order to approve a related party transaction. A majority of the members of the entire audit committee will constitute a quorum. Without a meeting, the unanimous written consent of all of the members of the audit committee will be required to approve a related party transaction. We have adopted the audit committee charter. We also require each of our directors and executive officers to complete a directors’ and officers’ questionnaire that elicits information about related party transactions.
These procedures are intended to determine whether any such related party transaction impairs the independence of a director or presents a conflict of interest on the part of a director, employee or officer.
To further minimize conflicts of interest, we have agreed not to consummate an initial business combination with an entity that is affiliated with any of our founders unless we, or a committee of independent directors, have obtained an opinion from an independent investment banking firm which is a member of FINRA, or another independent firm that commonly renders valuation opinions for the type of company we are seeking to acquire, or an independent accounting firm that our initial business combination is fair to our company from a financial point of view. Furthermore, no finder’s fees, reimbursements or cash payments will be made to our founders, existing officers, directors or advisors, or our or their affiliates, for services rendered to us prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial business combination although we may consider cash or other compensation to officers or advisors we may hire subsequent to the IPO to be paid either prior to or in connection with our initial business combination. In addition, the following payments will be made to our founders or their affiliates, none of which will be made from the proceeds of the IPO held in the Trust Account prior to the completion of our initial business combination:
● | reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on our behalf, such as identifying and investigating possible business targets and business combinations; |
● | repayment at the closing of our initial business combination of loans which may be made by our founders or an affiliate of our founders to finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial business combination, the terms of which have not been determined nor have any written agreements been executed with respect thereto. Up to $3,000,000 of such loans (including the extension loans and convertible notes thereunder, if any) may be convertible into working capital units, at a price of $10.00 per unit at the option of the lender. Such working capital units are identical to the Private Units sold in the Private Placement; and |
● | repayment at the closing of our initial business combination of loans which have been made by our Sponsor, its affiliates or designees in connection with our extensions of the time periods to complete an initial business combination, which may be convertible into Extension Units, at a price of $10.00 per unit, such Extension Units are identical to the Private Placement Units sold in the Private Placement. |
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Director Independence
Nasdaq listing standards require that a majority of our board of directors be independent. An “independent director” is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship which in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Our board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Colon, Singh, and Gonzalez Caceres are “independent directors” as defined in the Nasdaq listing standards and applicable SEC rules. Our independent directors will have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The following is a summary of fees paid or to be paid to UHY LLP (“UHY”), for services rendered.
Audit Fees. Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our year-end financial statements and services that are normally provided by UHY in connection with regulatory filings. The aggregate fees billed by UHY for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements, review of the financial information included in our other required filings with the SEC for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $180,396 and $114,402, respectively. The above amounts include interim procedures and audit fees.
Audit-Related Fees. Audit-related services consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” We did not pay UHY for professional services rendered for audit related fees for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Tax Fees. We did not pay UHY for tax planning and tax advice for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
All Other Fees. We did not pay UHY for other services for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Before the establishment of the audit comment in December 2022, the Board of Directors pre-approved all auditing services and any non-audit services that are to be performed for the Company by its independent auditor. After the establishment of the audit committee, the audit committee pre-approves all auditing services and any non-audit services that are to be performed for the Company by its independent auditor.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
1. The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report:
Financial Statements: See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” herein and “Index to Financial Statements” and financial statements incorporated by reference therein commencing below.
2. Exhibits: The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the Inline XBRL Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document | |
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101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
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101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
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101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
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101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
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101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
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104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
* | Previously filed |
** | Furnished herewith |
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
HORIZON SPACE ACQUISITION I CORP. |
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Date: March 27, 2025 |
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| By: | /s/ Mingyu (Michael) Li |
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| Mingyu (Michael) Li |
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Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chairman and Secretary |
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(Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Accounting Officer) |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name |
| Position |
| Date |
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/s/ Mingyu (Michael) Li |
| Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chairman and Director |
| March 27, 2025 |
Mingyu (Michael) Li |
| (Principle Executive Officer, Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) |
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/s/ Angel Colon |
| Director |
| March 27, 2025 |
Angel Colon |
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/s/ Mark Singh |
| Director |
| March 27, 2025 |
Mark Singh |
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/s/ Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres |
| Director |
| March 27, 2025 |
Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres |
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HORIZON SPACE ACQUISITION I CORP
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: |
| F-2 |
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| F-3 |
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| F-4 |
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| F-5 |
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| F-6 |
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| F-7 |
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| F-1 |
| Table of Contents |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period year ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Substantial Doubt about the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared to assume the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company’s cash and working capital as of December 31, 2024, are not sufficient to complete its planned activities to consummate a business combination for the upcoming year. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s evaluation of the events and conditions and management’s plans regarding these matters are also described in Note 1 to the financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified with respect to that matter.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ |
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022. |
|
March 27, 2025 |
| F-2 |
| Table of Contents |
HORIZON SPACE ACQUISITION I CORP
BALANCE SHEETS
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| December 31, 2024 |
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| December 31, 2023 |
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Assets |
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Current assets: |
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Cash |
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Prepaid expenses |
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Total current assets |
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Investments held in Trust Account |
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Total Assets |
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Liabilities, Temporary Equity, and Shareholders' Deficit |
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Current liabilities: |
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Promissory notes |
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Extension loan - related party |
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Working Capital Loan- related party |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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Total current liabilities |
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Deferred underwriters' discount |
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Total Liabilities |
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Commitments and Contingencies |
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Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, |
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Shareholders' Deficit: |
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Preference shares, $ |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Accumulated deficit |
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Total Shareholders' Deficit |
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Total Liabilities, Temporary Equity, and Shareholders' Deficit |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
| F-3 |
| Table of Contents |
HORIZON SPACE ACQUISITION I CORP
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
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Formation and operating costs |
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Loss from operations |
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Other income |
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Net Income |
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Basic and diluted weighted average redeemable ordinary shares outstanding |
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Basic and diluted net income per redeemable ordinary shares |
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Basic and diluted weighted average non-redeemable ordinary shares outstanding |
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Basic and diluted net loss per non-redeemable ordinary share |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. | ||||||||
| F-4 |
| Table of Contents |
HORIZON SPACE ACQUISITION I CORP
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
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Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
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Accretion of carrying value to redemption value |
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Net Income |
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Balance as of December 31, 2024 |
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Balance as of December 31, 2022 |
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Subsequent accretion of carrying value to redemption value |
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Offering cost |
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Net Income |
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Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
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| $ |
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| $ | ( | ) |
| $ | ( | ) | |||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
| F-5 |
| Table of Contents |
HORIZON SPACE ACQUISITION I CORP
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
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| For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 |
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| For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 |
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Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |
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Net income |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Interest and dividend income on investments held in Trust Account |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Prepaid expenses |
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Non-current prepaid expenses |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |
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Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |
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Proceeds from sale of investments in the Trust Account |
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Purchase of investments in the Trust Account |
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Monthly extension fee deposited into Trust Account |
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Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities |
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |
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Ordinary shares redemption |
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Proceeds from working Capital loan - Related party |
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Proceeds from promissory notes- related party |
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Proceeds from promissory notes |
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Net Cash Used in Financing Activities |
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Net Change in Cash |
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Cash, beginning of year |
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Cash, end of year |
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Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: |
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Offering costs included in accrued expenses |
| $ |
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| $ |
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Subsequent accretion of carrying value of public shares to redemption value |
| $ | ( | ) |
| $ | ( | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
| F-6 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
Note 1 — Organization, Business Operation and Going Concern Consideration
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp. (the “Company”) is a blank check company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on June 14, 2022. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, recapitalization, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “Business Combination”). The Company has selected December 31 as its fiscal year end.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had not commenced any operations. For the period from June 14, 2022 (inception) through December 31, 2024, the Company’s efforts have been limited to organizational activities, those necessary to prepare for the IPO, described below, and, after the IPO, identifying a target company for an initial Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of a Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company will generate non-operating income in the form of interest and dividend income from the proceeds derived from the IPO (as defined below).
The registration statement for the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) became effective on December 21, 2022. On December 27, 2022 the Company consummated the IPO of
Substantially concurrently with the closing of the IPO, the Company completed the private sale of
The Company also issued to the underwriter and/or its designees, 200,000 ordinary shares, or the “Representative Shares,” upon the consummation of the IPO. The Representative Shares have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to a lock-up for a period of
Transaction costs amounted to $
Following the closing of the IPO and the issuance and the sale of Private Placement Units on December 27, 2022, $
| F-7 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
The Company’s initial Business Combination must occur with one or more target businesses that together have an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding deferred underwriting commissions and interest income earned on the Trust Account that is released for working capital purposes or to pay taxes) at the time of the agreement to enter the initial Business Combination. However, the Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires an interest in the target sufficient for the post-transaction company not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a Business Combination successfully.
The ordinary shares subject to redemption are being recorded at a redemption value and classified as temporary equity upon the completion of the IPO, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” In such case, the Company will proceed with a Business Combination if the Company has net tangible assets of at least $
On March 22, 2024, the Company held an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders (the “2024 Extraordinary Meeting”) where the shareholders of the Company approved various proposals, including to amend its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to provide that the Company has until March 27, 2024 to complete a Business Combination and may elect to extend the period to consummate a Business Combination up to nine times, each by an additional monthly extension (the “Monthly Extension”), for a total up to nine months to December 27, 2024. For each Monthly Extension, the Sponsor and/or its designee will deposit $
On December 23,2024, the Company held an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders (the “2024 December Extraordinary Meeting”) where the shareholders of the Company approved various proposals, including to amend its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to provide that the Company has until December 27, 2024 to complete a Business Combination and may elect to extend the period to consummate a Business Combination up to nine times, each by an additional monthly extension (the “Additional Monthly Extension”), for a total up to twelve months to December 27, 2025. For each Additional Monthly Extension, the Sponsor and/or its designee will deposit $
| F-8 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
From September 2023 to December 2023, an aggregate of $
From January 2024 to December 2024, twelve Extension Fee in a total of
From January 2025 to March 2025, an aggregate of $
Business Combination Agreement
On September 16, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Business Combination Agreement”) with Squirrel Enlivened Technology Co., Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Squirrel HoldCo”), Squirrel Enlivened International Co., Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Squirrel HoldCo (“Squirrel Cayman” or, upon and following the Reorganization, “Parent”), Squirrel Enlivened Overseas Co., Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Squirrel Cayman (“Merger Sub”).
Squirrel HoldCo, through Shenzhen Squirrel Enlivened Media Group Co., Ltd, a limited liability company established under the laws of China (“Shenzhen Squirrel”), and Squirrel HoldCo’s other subsidiaries, is in the business of brand marketing and strategy consulting.
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, (a) Squirrel HoldCo will merge with and into Squirrel Cayman in accordance with the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands (the “Cayman Companies Act”), whereupon the separate existence of Squirrel HoldCo will cease, and Squirrel Cayman will be the surviving company (the “Reorganization”), and (b) at least one (1) business day after the closing of the Reorganization (the “Reorganization Closing”), Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company in accordance with the Cayman Companies Act, whereupon the separate existence of Merger Sub will cease, and the Company will be the surviving company (the “Merger”). As a result of the Reorganization and the Merger, among other things, (a) all of the issued and outstanding securities of Squirrel HoldCo immediately prior to the filing of the plan of merger with respect to the Reorganization (the “Plan of Reorganization”) to the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands, or such later time as may be specified in the Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Effective Time”) shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled, in exchange for the right of the holders thereof to receive a certain number of securities of Squirrel Cayman as described below, and (b) all of the issued and outstanding securities of the Company immediately prior to the filing of the plan of merger with respect to the Merger (the “Plan of Merger”) to the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands, or such later time as may be specified in the Plan of Merger (the “Merger Effective Time”) shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled, in exchange for the right of the holders thereof to receive substantially equivalent securities of Parent, in each case, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement and in accordance with the provisions of the Cayman Companies Act and other applicable laws.
| F-9 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
Going Concern Consideration
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had cash of $
The Company’s cash and working capital as of December 31, 2024, are not sufficient to complete its planned activities to consummate a Business Combination for the upcoming year. In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In addition, if the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Company’s board of directors would proceed to commence a voluntary liquidation and thereby a formal dissolution of the Company. There is no assurance that the Company’s plans to consummate a Business Combination will be successful within the Combination Period. As a result, management has determined that such additional conditions also raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Emerging Growth Company Status
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart The Company’s Business Startups Act of 2012, (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
| F-10 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had $
Furthermore, recent bank failures, non-performance, or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions could impair the ability of one or more of the banks participating in the credit facility from honoring their commitments. Such events could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
Investments Held in Trust Account
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the assets held in the Trust Account were substantially held in mutual funds. The Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as trading securities. Trading securities are presented on the balance sheets at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Interest and dividend income earned from investments held in Trust Account and gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of investments held in Trust Account are included in interest and dividend income on investments held in Trust Account in the accompanying statements of operations. The estimated fair values of investments held in Trust Account are determined using available market information. Income earned on these investments will be fully reinvested into the investments held in the Trust Account and therefore considered as an adjustment to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities in the condensed statements of cash flows. Such income reinvested will be used to redeem all or a portion of the ordinary shares upon the completion of Business Combination. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were $
| F-11 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
Warrants
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, whether they meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance. As the Company’s warrants meet all the criteria for equity classification, so the Company will classify each warrant as its own equity.
Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company accounts for its ordinary shares subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Ordinary shares subject to mandatory redemption (if any) are classified as a liability instrument and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable ordinary shares (including ordinary shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, ordinary shares are classified as shareholders’ equity. The Company’s public shares feature certain redemption rights that are outside of the Company’s control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023,
Offering Costs
The Company complies with the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 340-10-S99-1, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs – SEC Materials” (“ASC 340-10-S99”) and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A, “Expenses of Offering”. Offering costs were $
Net Income (Loss) Per Ordinary Share
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. In order to determine the net income (loss) attributable to both the redeemable shares and non-redeemable shares, the Company first considered the undistributed income (loss) allocable to both the redeemable shares and non-redeemable shares and the undistributed income (loss) is calculated using the total net income (loss) less interest and dividend income and unrealized gain or loss on investments in the Trust Account less any dividends paid. The Company then allocated the undistributed income (loss) ratably based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding between the redeemable and non-redeemable shares. Any remeasurement of the accretion to redemption value of the ordinary shares subject to possible redemption was considered to be dividends paid to the public shareholders. The conversion feature of promissory note should be considered based on ASU 2020-06. However, the conversion features do not have impact to earnings per share calculation, because company suffered loss in private share as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. As a result, diluted income (loss) per share is the same as basic income (loss) per share for the period presented.
| F-12 |
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Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
The net income (loss) per share presented in the statement of operations is based on the following:
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Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” defines fair value, the methods used to measure fair value and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the buyer and the seller at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, income approach and cost approach shall be used to measure fair value. ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for inputs, which represent the assumptions used by the buyer and seller in pricing the asset or liability. These inputs are further defined as observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are those that buyer and seller would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that the buyer and seller would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
| F-13 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
The fair value hierarchy is categorized into three levels based on the inputs as follows:
· | Level 1 - Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not being applied. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these securities does not entail a significant degree of judgment. |
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· | Level 2 - Valuations based on (i) quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, (ii) quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices for the assets or liabilities, or (iv) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market through correlation or other means. |
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· | Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. |
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying balance sheet, primarily due to their short-term nature.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the assets held in the Trust Account are invested in the BlackRock Liquidity Treasury Trust Fund, a money market mutual fund. All of the Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as trading securities.
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value.
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Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC740 Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. ASC 740 additionally requires a valuation allowance to be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized.
ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition. The Company has identified Cayman Islands as its only “major” tax jurisdiction, as defined. Based on the Company’s evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s financial statements. Since the Company was incorporated on June 14, 2022, the evaluation was performed for both 2022 and 2023 tax years which will be the only periods subject to examination. The Company believes that its income tax positions and deductions would be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change to its financial position. The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits is to record such items as a component of income tax expense.
| F-14 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
Income earned from U.S. debt obligations held in the Trust Account is intended to qualify for the portfolio income exemption or otherwise be exempt from U.S. withholding taxes. Furthermore, shareholders of the Company’s shares may be subject to tax in their respective jurisdictions based on applicable law, for instance, United States persons may be subject to tax on amounts deemed received depending on whether the Company is a passive foreign investment company and whether U.S. persons have made any applicable tax elections permitted under applicable law. The provision for income taxes was deemed to be immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The Company may be subject to potential examination by foreign taxing authorities in the area of income taxes. These potential examinations may include questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with foreign tax laws.
The Company’s tax provision was deemed to be de minimis for the period presented. The Company is considered to be an exempted Cayman Islands Company and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
Note 3 — Initial Public Offering
On December 27, 2022, the Company consummated the IPO of
All of the 6,900,000 public shares sold as part of the Public Units in the IPO contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such public shares if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Business Combination and in connection with certain amendments to the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, or in connection with the Company’s liquidation. In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and its staff’s guidance on redeemable equity instruments, which has been codified in ASC 480-10-S99, redemption provisions not solely within the control of the Company require ordinary shares subject to redemption to be classified outside of permanent equity.
The Company’s redeemable ordinary share is subject to the SEC and its staff’s guidance on redeemable equity instruments, which has been codified in ASC 480-10-S99. If it is probable that the equity instrument will become redeemable, the Company has the option to either accrete changes in the redemption value over the period from the date of issuance (or from the date that it becomes probable that the instrument will become redeemable, if later) to the earliest redemption date of the instrument or to recognize changes in the redemption value immediately as they occur and adjust the carrying amount of the instrument to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. The Company has elected to recognize the changes immediately. The accretion or remeasurement is treated as a deemed dividend (i.e., a reduction to retained earnings, or in absence of retained earnings, additional paid-in capital).
| F-15 |
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Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amounts of ordinary shares reflected on the condensed balance sheets are reconciled in the following table.
Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2022 |
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Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2024 |
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Note 4 — Private Placement
Substantially concurrently with the closing of the IPO, the Company completed the private sale of
Note 5 — Promissory Notes
Pursuant to the non-binding LOI and the Business Combination Agreement, PubCo has agreed to deposit the agreed reasonable amount into the Company’s Trust Account in order to effectuate the extension of the Company’s deadline to consummate a Business Combination. Shenzhen Squirrel and Squirrel HK had deposited a total of fifteen Monthly Extension Fees from October 2023 through December 31,2024, including five payments for the Original Extension Fee each in the amount of $
Among which, (1) the Target Extension Notes from October 2023 to August 2024 bear no interest and are payable in full upon the earlier to occur of (i) the consummation of the Company’s initial Business Combination or (ii) the date of expiration of the term of the Company (the “Maturity Date”). As the payee of the Target Extension Notes, Shenzhen Squirrel, has the right, but not the obligation, to convert the Target Extension Notes, in whole or in part, respectively, into private units (the “Extension Units”) of the Company, each consisting of one ordinary share, one warrant, and one right to receive one-tenth (1/10) of one ordinary share upon the consummation of its initial Business Combination.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had borrowings of $
| F-16 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
Note 6 — Related Party Transactions
Founder Shares
On June 14, 2022, the Company issued
Simultaneously with the effectiveness of the registration statement and prior to the closing of the IPO (including the full exercise of over-allotment option), the Sponsor transferred to the Company’s independent directors, Messrs. Angel Colon, Mark Singh, and Rodolfo Jose Gonzalez Caceres,
The transfer of the Founders Shares to the Company’s independent directors, as described above, is within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). Under ASC 718, share-based compensation associated with equity-classified awards is measured at fair value upon the grant date. The fair value of the
Promissory Notes — Related Party
On August 30, 2022, the Sponsor agreed to loan the Company up to $
On September 26, 2023, in connection with the payment of the Extension Fee, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note in the principal amount of $
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had borrowings of
Working Capital Loans
In addition, in order to finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial Business Combination, or to extend the Combination Period, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor or certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required. Any such loans would be on an interest-free basis and would be repaid only from funds held outside the Trust Account or from funds released to the Company upon completion of the Company’s initial Business Combination. Up to $
| F-17 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
On April 12, 2024 and On October 8, 2024, the Company issued unsecured promissory notes in the total principal amount of $
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $
Note 7 — Commitments & Contingencies
Registration Rights
The holders of the Founder Shares and Private Placement Units (and any securities underlying the Private Placement Units) will be entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement signed on the effective date of the IPO requiring the Company to register such securities for resale. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form registration demands, that the Company registers such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the Company’s completion of its initial Business Combination and rights to require the Company to register for resale such securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Underwriters Agreement
The Underwriter will be entitled to a deferred fee of
Representative Shares
The Company issued to the underwriter and/or its designees,
Note 8 — Shareholder’s Equity
The Company is authorized to issue
On June 14, 2022, the Company issued
| F-18 |
| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were
Ordinary shareholders of record are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters to be voted on by shareholders. Holders of ordinary shares will vote on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s shareholders except as required by law. Unless specified in the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, or as required by applicable provisions of the Companies Act or applicable stock exchange rules, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Company’s ordinary shares that are voted is required to approve any such matter voted on by the Company’s shareholders. Approval of certain actions will require a special resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the Company’s ordinary shares that are voted, and pursuant to the memorandum and articles of association; such actions include amending the memorandum and articles of association and approving a statutory merger or consolidation with another company.
Warrants — Each whole warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one whole ordinary share at a price of $
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023,
The Company has agreed that as soon as practicable after the closing of the initial Business Combination, the Company will use its best efforts to file, and within 60 business days following the closing of the initial Business Combination to have declared effective, a registration statement for the registration, under the Securities Act, of the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants, and to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement and a current prospectus relating to those ordinary shares until the warrants expire or are redeemed, as specified in the warrant agreement; provided that if the Company’s ordinary shares are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at the Company’s option, require holders of public warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company so elects, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, and the Company will use its commercially reasonably efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available. If a registration statement covering the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is not effective by the 60th business day after the closing of the initial Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption, and the Company will use its best efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.
Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding warrants:
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| ● | upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and |
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| ● | if, and only if, the closing price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $ |
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| ● | if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the ordinary shares underlying such warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire |
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| Table of Contents |
Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp.
Notes To Financial Statements
Note 9 — Segment information
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company has adopted the guidance in ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, in the accompanying financial statements using the retrospective method of adoption.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer (“CODM”), who reviews the operating results for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company only has one operating and reportable segment.
When evaluating the Company’s performance and making key decisions regarding resource allocation the CODM reviews several key metrics, which include the following:
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Professional service fee in connection with the Business Combination |
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Other formation and operating costs |
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Total formation and operating costs |
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Interest earned on investment held in Trust Account |
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Net income |
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| $ |
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The key measures of segment profit or loss reviewed by our CODM are interest earned on investment in Trust Account and formation and operating expenses. The CODM reviews interest earned on investment in Trust Account to measure and monitor shareholder value and determine the most effective strategy of investment with the Trust Account funds while maintaining compliance with the trust agreement. Within formation and operating costs, the CODM specifically reviews professional service fees in connection with the business combination, which are a significant segment expense, and include legal fees, and advisory fees, as these represent significant costs affecting the Company’s consummation of the Business Combination. Other formation and operating costs, including accounting expenses, printing expenses, and regulatory filing fees, are reviewed in aggregate to ensure alignment with budget and contractual obligations. These expenses are monitored to manage and forecast cash available to complete a business combination within the required period.
Note 10 — Subsequent Events
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date when the financial statements were issued. Based on this review, management identified the following subsequent events that are required disclosures in the financial statements.
From January to March 2025, an aggregate of $
| F-20 |
EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14A OR 15D-14(A) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS AMENDED, AND ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002.
I, Mingyu (Michael) Li, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 of Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp. (the “registrant”); |
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| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
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| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
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| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
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| a. | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
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| b. | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
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| c. | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
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| d. | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
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| a. | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
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| b. | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: March 27, 2025
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| /s/ Mingyu (Michael) Li |
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| Mingyu (Michael) Li |
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| Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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EXHIBIT 32.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Horizon Space Acquisition I Corp. (the “Company”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mingyu (Michael) Li, in the capacity and on the date indicated below, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
| 1. | the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and |
| 2. | the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
Date: March 27, 2025
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| /s/ Mingyu (Michael) Li |
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| Mingyu (Michael) Li |
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| Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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