Lifeloc Technologies, Inc 10-K for FY2023
Lifeloc Technologies, Inc (LCTC)
About this 10-K
Lifeloc Technologies, Inc filed this 10-K on April 1, 2024, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (FY2023).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $9.33M
- up 10.0% from $8.48M a year earlier
- Net income
- $205.61K
- compared with a net loss of $455.76K a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $0.08
- compared with -$0.19 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For
the fiscal year ended
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from__________ to __________
Commission
File No.:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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Registrant's
telephone number, including area code: (
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered |
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Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act: None
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by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐
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by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
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by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data
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12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
As
of June 30, 2023 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value,
computed by reference to the price at which the registrant's common equity was last sold, of the 379,692 shares of common stock held
by non-affiliates of the issuer on such date was $
The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common equity, as of March 1, 2024:
| Common Stock, no par value | |
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Documents Incorporated by Reference: Items 10, 11, 13 and 14, and a portion of Item 12 of Part III are incorporated by reference from portions of the registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Shareholders' Meeting, expected to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Table of Contents
| Page | ||
| PART I | ||
| Item 1. | Business | 2 |
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 9 |
| Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 16 |
| Item 1C. | Cybersecurity | 16 |
| Item 2. | Properties | 17 |
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 17 |
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 17 |
| PART II | ||
| Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 17 |
| Item 6. | [Reserved] | 17 |
| Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 18 |
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 23 |
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 24 |
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 39 |
| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 40 |
| Item 9B. | Other Information | 40 |
| Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections. | 40 | |
| PART III | ||
| Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 41 |
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 41 |
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters | 41 |
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 41 |
| Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 41 |
| PART IV | ||
| Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statements Schedules | 42 |
| Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 42 |
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this "Annual Report") include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and involve substantial risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including, among other things, statements about:
| • | our strategies, |
| • | expectations about new and existing products, |
| • | market demand, |
| • | acceptance of new and existing products, |
| • | technologies and opportunities, |
| • | market size and growth, and |
| • | return on investments in products and market, |
as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects, and business strategies. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including without limitation, the following sections: Part I, Item 1 "Business;" Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors;" and Part II, Item 7 "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." These forward-looking statements are based on information available to us on the date of this document, and we assume no obligation to update such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may", "will", "should", "could", "expects", "plans", "intends", "anticipates", "believes", "estimates", "predicts", "potential", or "continue" or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. Readers of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are strongly encouraged to review the section entitled "Risk Factors".
Lifeloc®, Easycal®, Phoenix® and R.A.D.A.R.® are registered trademarks of Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. Sentinel™ is a trademark of Lifeloc Technologies; SpinDx™ is a trademark of Sandia Corporation. This report may also contain trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies' trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
Overview
Lifeloc Technologies, Inc., a Colorado corporation ("Lifeloc" or the "Company"), is a Colorado-based developer, manufacturer and marketer of portable hand-held and fixed station breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies and education. We design, produce and sell fuel-cell based breath alcohol testing equipment. We compete in all major segments of the portable breath alcohol testing instrument market, including law enforcement, workplace, corrections, original equipment manufacturing ("OEM") and consumer markets. In addition, we offer a line of supplies, accessories, services, and training to support customers' alcohol testing programs. We sell globally through distributors as well as directly to users.
We define our business as providing "near and remote sensing and monitoring" products and solutions. Today, the majority of our revenues are derived from products and services for alcohol detection and measurement. We remain committed to growing our breath alcohol testing business. In the future, we anticipate the commercialization of new sensing and measurement products that may allow Lifeloc to successfully expand our business into new growth areas where we do not presently compete or where no satisfactory product solutions exist today.
In addition, with the October 2014 purchase of our corporate headquarters and certain adjacent property, we added a new reporting segment focused on the ownership and rental of real property through existing commercial leases.
Lifeloc incorporated in Colorado in December 1983. We filed a registration statement on Form 10 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which became effective on May 31, 2011. Our fiscal year end is December 31. Our principal executive offices are located at 12441 West 49th Avenue, Unit 4, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033-3338. Our telephone number is (303) 431-9500. Our websites are www.lifeloc.com and www.stsfirst.com. Information contained on our websites does not constitute part of this Form 10-K.
Principal Products and Services and Methods of Distribution
Alcohol Breath Testers
In 1989, we introduced our first breath alcohol tester, the PBA3000. Our Phoenix® Classic was completed and released for sale in1998, superseding the PBA3000. In turn, the Phoenix® Classic has been superseded by our FC Series and Workplace Series of portable breath alcohol testers, which are discussed below. Neither the PBA3000 nor the Phoenix® Classic is actively sold today.
In 2001, we completed and released for sale our new FC Series, designed specifically for domestic and international law enforcement and corrections markets. The portable breath alcohol testers comprising our FC Series are currently being sold worldwide, having contributed to our growth since their introduction. The FC Series is designed to meet the needs of domestic and international law enforcement for roadside drink/drive testing and alcohol offender monitoring. The FC Series is approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation (“DOT”) as an evidential breath tester, making it suitable for sale to state law enforcement agencies for preliminary roadside breath alcohol testing. The FC Series is routinely updated with firmware, software and component improvements as they become available. It is readily adaptable to the specific requirements and regulations of domestic and international markets.
In 2005 and 2006, we introduced two new models, the EV30 and Phoenix® 6.0 Evidential Breath Tester (“Phoenix® 6.0”), which constitute our Workplace Series of testing devices. Like their predecessor, the Phoenix® Classic, and our FC Series, these instruments are DOT approved. The DOT’s specifications support the DOT’s workplace alcohol testing programs, including those applicable to workplace alcohol testing for the federally regulated transportation industry. We also sell component parts used in alcohol testing devices, such as mouthpieces used by our breathalyzers, as well as forms and labels used for record keeping, and calibration products for user re-calibration of our devices. We offer optional service agreements on our equipment, re-calibration services, and spare parts, and we sell supporting instrument training and user certification training to our workplace customers.
In 2006, we commenced selling breath alcohol equipment components that we manufacture to other OEMs for inclusion as subassemblies or components in their breath alcohol testing devices.
In late 2009, Lifeloc released the LifeGuard Personal Breathalyzer (“LifeGuard”), a personal alcohol breath tester that incorporates the same fuel-cell technology used in our professional devices. Intended originally for the global consumer breathalyzer market, LifeGuard was phased out in 2018.
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In 2011 and 2012, Lifeloc introduced Bluetooth wireless keyboard and printer communication options for our Phoenix® 6.0 along with a series of web based workplace training courses. We believe these two product innovations have been key to our success and leadership in workplace breath testing.
In 2013, Lifeloc expanded our FC Series of professional breath alcohol testers targeted at domestic and international law enforcement and corrections markets with the addition of the FC5 Hornet (the “FC5”). The FC5 is a passive (no mouthpieces required) portable handheld alcohol screening device that competes directly with passive alcohol screeners from our competitors in the education, law enforcement, workplace and corrections markets.
In 2013, we also introduced the Sentinel™ zero tolerance alcohol screening station, a fully automated wall mounted screening station for use in safety sensitive industries such as oil and gas and mining. Both devices expand Lifeloc’s products for passive alcohol screening.
In the third quarter of 2014, we received approval from DOT for our EASYCAL® automatic calibration station for use with our Phoenix ® 6.0 Evidential Breath Testers, and we began shipments of the EASYCAL® to our law enforcement, corrections, workplace and international customers. The EASYCAL® calibration station is a first of its kind device that automatically performs breath tester instrument calibration, calibration verification and gas management. As compared to manual instrument calibration, the EASYCAL® reduces the opportunity for human error, saves time and reduces operating costs. In May 2019, we received DOT approval on a second generation EASYCAL® with broader capabilities called the EASYCAL® G2.
In October 2015, we expanded our Sentinel™ line with the Sentinel™ VA alcohol screening station, a fully automated station to control vehicular access to safety critical facilities, such as mines, refineries, power stations and nuclear facilities. The Sentinel™ VA alcohol screening station is intended to allow all drivers entering a secure area to be tested quickly and efficiently without leaving their vehicle.
In March 2017 we acquired substantially all of the assets related to the Real-time Alcohol Detection and Reporting product (“R.A.D.A.R.®”) from Track Group, Inc. (“TRCK”) for $860,000 in cash. The purchased assets included the R.A.D.A.R.® device with cellular reporting for real-time alcohol monitoring, database infrastructure to tabulate and manage subscriber behavior, and biometric methodology and intellectual property to fully automate identity verification. The R.A.D.A.R.® device was designed to be part of an offender supervision program as an alternative to incarceration, and it is assigned to offenders as a condition of parole or probation with random testing throughout the day to demonstrate that they are meeting the conditions of their sentence. We purchased the assets of R.A.D.A.R. 100 in 2017, knowing the product needed significant upgrading, which was essentially completed and released for sale several years later as R.A.D.A.R. 200. This product met with little market acceptance as a result of the underperformance of one feature, namely, the biometric identification confirmation. In order to meet certain SpinDx milepost commitments, and to optimally allocate resources, we withdrew R.A.D.A.R. 200 from the market in 2022. We have outsourced the development of R.A.D.A.R. 300 to a third party, which, if successful, will result in proof of concept showing that the above problem has been resolved.
In November 2019, we received approval from DOT for our LX9 and LT7 base unit alcohol breathalyzers. Both have been updated and both updated versions received DOT approval in December 2021.
Testers for Drugs of Abuse
In August 2016, we entered into an exclusive patent license agreement with Sandia Corporation, Albuquerque, NM, pursuant to which we acquired the exclusive rights to develop, manufacture and market Sandia’s patented SpinDx™ technology for the detection of drugs of abuse. SpinDx™ uses a centrifugal disk with micro fluidic flow paths allowing multiple tests to be carried out on a single small sample. The microfluidics disk with centrifugal concentration achieves a strong signal from trace concentrations in small samples that under best conditions can be quantified. Sandia Corporation developed a prototype using the SpinDx™ technology under our Cooperative Research and Development Agreement. We received the first prototype in 2018, advanced the device for robustness and manufacturability, and are now in the process of commercializing the device. The SpinDx™ platform has the potential to improve real-time screening for a panel of high-abuse drugs, with the ability to efficiently measure relatively low concentrations of drugs such as cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, fentanyl and other high-abuse drugs.
We intend to use the SpinDx™ technology platform, sometimes referred to as "Lab on a Disk", to develop a series of devices and tests that can be used at the roadside, in emergency rooms and in workplace testing to obtain a rapid and quantitative measure for a panel of drugs of abuse. The SpinDx reader is the base product, intended to be capable of reading the current disks and, with firmware updates, to be able to read future disk offerings. We anticipate that firmware updates will be distributed to customers through a subscription model. Because the disks and sample collection kits will be consumables used by the product, we expect them to produce a significant recurring revenue stream. Development of broader drug panels, improved accuracy, and sampling methods according to market demands is ongoing. The first test we intend to offer is the SpinDx device with disks for delta-9-THC detection from a saliva sample collected from a test subject. We anticipate that both quantitative and pass/fail disks will be made available, making this offering the only rapid quantitative test for delta-9-THC available on the market.
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We have improved the detection sensitivity for delta-9-THC as well as the robustness of the device. We are continuing to work on developing this system into a device that can be used for roadside testing, as well as other venues requiring fast response. We have committed additional personnel and new equipment resources to this effort, with the goal of placing beta test units in 2024 with validation partners who have already been identified. We anticipate full commercialization to begin in 2025. Human trials have begun validating SpinDx detection of delta-9-THC at the detection limits of 10 ng/ml in real-world human saliva samples. We intend to prioritize the acceleration of SpinDx even at the expense of short-term profitability, with research and development investments, including substantial validation testing, to be ongoing in 2024.
We intend to expand our drug detection offerings based on the SpinDx technology platform. Following the initial release of the saliva test system, we expect to release a system based on samples collected from blood and breath. The breath sample collection will be accomplished with a collection device coupled with our LX9 breathalyzer. After collection, the blood and breath samples will be analyzed on the SpinDx reader with a disk designed for the specific sample source be it saliva, blood or breath.
Training
Drug and alcohol testing is highly regulated; thus quality training is an important component of our business. Initially, our network of Master Trainers provided classroom training which generated certification fees. This was expanded to include instructor materials, online training modules and direct (live) training via webcam. In 2011, we launched Lifeloc University, a Learning Management System (LMS), defined as "a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of educational courses or training programs." Lifeloc University is a critical component for online training courses since it provides student accountability. The Lifeloc University LMS was updated in 2018 to provide responsive design so it could be viewed on mobile devices and was updated in 2021 to reflect DOT rule and other changes.
In December 2014, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Superior Training Solutions, Inc. (“STS”), a company that develops and sells online drug and alcohol training and refresher courses. We have augmented and updated the assets we acquired from STS to enable mobile device usage. These assets complement our existing drug and alcohol training courses.
Real Property
On October 31, 2014, we purchased the commercial property we use as our corporate headquarters and certain adjacent property in Wheat Ridge, Colorado. The building consists of 22,325 square feet, of which 19,551 square feet are occupied by us and 2,774 square feet are currently leased to one tenant whose lease expires June 30, 2025. We intend to continue to lease the space we are not occupying, but in the future may elect to expand our own operations into space currently leased to the other tenant. Our purchase of the property was partially financed through a term loan in an original principal amount of $1,581,106, secured by a first-priority mortgage on the property. This loan was paid on September 30, 2021 with proceeds from a new term loan, also secured by a first-priority mortgage on the property, in the principal amount of $1,350,000 which matures in September 2031.
Additional Areas of Interest
Consistent with our business goal of providing “near and remote sensing and monitoring” products and solutions, our acquisition strategy involves purchasing companies, development resources and assets that are aligned with our areas of interest and that can further aid in our entry into additional markets. We expect to actively research and engage in the acquisition of resources that can expedite our entrance into new markets or strengthen our position in existing ones.
Competition and Markets
We sell our products in a highly competitive market and we compete for business with both foreign and domestic manufacturers. Most of our competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we do. In addition, there is an ongoing risk that other domestic or foreign companies who do not currently service or manufacture products for our target markets may seek to produce products or services that compete directly with ours.
We believe that considerations regarding competition for sales of alcohol monitoring products and services include regulatory approvals, product performance, product delivery, quality, service, training, price, device reliability, ease of use and speed. We sell certain of our components to customers for incorporation into their own product lines and for resale under their own name. We believe that, while our resources are more limited than those of our competitors, we will continue to compete successfully on the basis of product innovation, quality, reputation and continued customer service excellence.
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One of our leading competitors is Intoximeters, Inc. of St. Louis, Missouri, a long-established company with strong name recognition in the field of alcohol testing. It has well-established sales channels, a large customer base, and a broad product line. CMI, Inc. of Owensboro, Kentucky, another major competitor, also has a well-established name, a strong position in stationary units used in police work, and international market coverage. Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, based in Germany, manufactures safety and gas testing equipment. Its breath alcohol testers are respected for their quality and performance.
Our competition in the development of a marijuana breathalyzer includes Cannabix Technologies, Inc., a developer of marijuana and alcohol breathalyzer technologies for law enforcement, workplaces and laboratories that is working on developing delta-9 THC and alcohol screening devices, and Hound Labs, which is also developing a marijuana breathalyzer. Both competitors in this space have raised significant funds to develop their testing technology.
In addition, other technologies for the measurement of breath alcohol exist and are employed in other market and application segments where the technology may be more suitable or developed to specific requirements. These include:
| • | Infrared devices, which use infrared light absorption to detect breath alcohol. These devices generally lack portability, and are usually found in fixed locations, such as police stations, where subjects are brought for testing. This technology has the advantage of being mandated by law in most states for evidential use in breath testing. |
| • | Semiconductor breath testing technology, which is used primarily in consumer breathalyzers. Its primary advantage is low cost, but the technology is not widely accepted by professional users as being as accurate as fuel cell technology. |
| • | Chemical tests, which are based on urine and saliva testing. This approach to alcohol testing is more invasive, less convenient than breath testing, and may require subsequent analysis for results. |
| • | Blood alcohol tests, which require blood samples. These tests are widely believed to be the most accurate form of alcohol testing because they measure blood alcohol content directly from a sample of the subject's blood. However, the results are not instantaneous, and the tests are more invasive and expensive than breath alcohol testing. |
Marketing
Marketing activities associated with our business include the communication of our value proposition through direct mail, direct and indirect sales channels, trade shows and an information-rich online presence. We sell our products to the workplace and international markets primarily through distributors. We sell our law enforcement, corrections and consumer products directly to the end user and our OEM products directly to manufacturers. Leveraging our installed base is important, as is maintaining a well-trained distributor network. In 2009, we revised our workplace distributor program to place additional emphasis on volume incentives for growth in the form of a rebate program. Under the program, qualifying distributors receive a progressively greater percentage rebate based on the dollar sales they generate. We believe this program helps incentivize our distributors to achieve a higher level of sales than would otherwise be the case.
Domestic Distribution
The majority of our sales into the workplace market are made through distributors. Sales are made by these distributors pursuant to agreements that renew automatically each year unless terminated by either party with advance notice, and such agreements typically grant protected lead generation areas.
International Distribution
Over 90% of our international sales for all product lines are made by local distributors, who are given territories generally pursuant to agreements that renew automatically each year unless terminated by either party with advance notice. Based on reports from our international distributors, we believe that many countries around the world are instituting tougher alcohol abuse prevention laws, strengthening the enforcement of current laws, or both. These laws set limits on the amount of alcohol an individual may have in the blood at specific times (e.g., while driving or during safety-sensitive work activities), or at any time for certain parolees and probationers. Lifeloc has sold instruments to customers in over 65 countries on six continents worldwide.
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Research and Development
Lifeloc defines its business broadly to include "near and remote sensing and monitoring" applications in markets including those outside of traditional alcohol testing. We believe that our future success depends to a large degree on our ability to conceive and develop improved alcohol detection and measurement products, as well as to identify attractive opportunities for growth outside of breath alcohol testing. Accordingly, we expect to continue to invest in research and development. We spent $1,835,164 and $1,385,927 during 2023 and 2022, respectively, on research and development, and on sustaining engineering. The amount spent in 2023 was $449,237 higher than the amount spent in 2022 due primarily to dedicating resources to commercializing SpinDx. We expect to continue to increase our emphasis on new product development efforts for existing and new markets with particular emphasis on developing the SpinDx™ technology.
Raw Materials and Principal Suppliers
A basic component of our instrument product line is the fuel cell, which we obtain from only a few suppliers. We believe that our demand for this component is small relative to the total supply, and that the materials and services required for the production of our products are currently available in sufficient quantities and will be available for the foreseeable future. However, there are relatively few suppliers of the high-quality fuel cells which our breathalyzers require. Any sudden disruption to the supply of our fuel cells would pose a significant risk to our business. New sources of fuel cells are uncertain at this time and changes to our fuel cells require approval by the DOT, which, if not received, could have a material effect on our revenues. While we have traditionally used only one supplier of fuel cells, we completed development of our own fuel cell assembly capability, using purchased sensors, in 2018. These Lifeloc-assembled fuel cells have been incorporated into breathalyzers which have been submitted to and approved by the DOT. Even with the approval of our own assembled fuel cells, we continue to purchase a portion of our total fuel cell requirements from our current supplier as necessary to meet the needs of the Company.
Supply chain disruptions experienced in 2023 have forced us to maintain larger inventories of certain items in order to accommodate longer lead times, particularly components sourced internationally.
Patents, Intellectual Property and Royalties
We rely, in part, upon patents, trade secrets and proprietary knowledge as well as personnel policies and employee confidentiality agreements concerning inventions and other creative efforts (collectively, "Lifeloc IP") to develop and to maintain our competitive position. We do not believe that our business is dependent upon any patent, patent pending or license, although we believe that trade secrets and confidential know-how may be important to our commercial success.
We file for patents, copyrights and trademarks to protect our intellectual property rights to the extent practicable. We hold the rights to four United States patents and have two United States patent applications pending or in preparation for filing, along with international patent applications on our portable breath alcohol testers. These patents have expiration dates ranging from January 2027 to February 2042. In 2017, we acquired seven United States patents and several active international patent applications in connection with our purchase of the R.A.D.A.R.® assets. The R.A.D.A.R.® patents and patent applications provide protection around the biometric identification methods used in the R.A.D.A.R.® devices along with a removable sampling chamber for maximum hygienics. R.A.D.A.R. 200 met with little market acceptance as a result of the underperformance of the biometric identification confirmation. In order to meet certain SpinDx milepost commitments, and to optimally allocate resources, we withdrew R.A.D.A.R. 200 from the market in 2022.
We act to protect our patents from infringement in each instance where we determine that doing so would be economical in light of the expense involved and the level and availability of our financial resources. While we believe that each of our pending applications relate to a patentable device or concept, there is no guarantee that the patents will be issued.
We also enter into royalty and licensing agreements where we license or otherwise confer our intellectual property rights on a licensor in exchange for specified payment terms. In 2012 we entered into a royalty agreement with an OEM customer which provides for the monthly payment of royalties to us on all products containing certain of our software sold by our customer. The agreement is of perpetual duration, but is terminable by the OEM customer upon six months' notice. In 2013 we began receiving royalties from another customer as a result of entering into a second royalty agreement, which provides for the monthly payment of royalties to us on all products containing certain of our software sold by our customer. The agreement is of perpetual duration, but is terminable by the customer upon six months' notice or by us upon 12 months’ notice.
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Employees
As of December 31, 2023, we had 37 full-time employees and 4 part-time employees. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements.
Customers
Revenues from our largest customers, as a percentage of total revenues, for 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||
| Customer A | 9 | % | 6 | % | ||
| Customer B | 4 | % | 6 | % | ||
| Customer C | 2 | % | 3 | % | ||
| All others | 85 | % | 85 | % | ||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||
Environmental Matters
Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise related to the protection of the environment. Lifeloc sells cylinders of ethanol in nitrogen (UN1956, Class 2.2) for use in calibrating breath alcohol testers. The gas mixture is a hazardous material as defined by the DOT (see 49 CFR 172). We believe we are in substantial compliance with the appropriate DOT regulations for the handling and shipment of dry gas containers, as well as all other state or local laws governing the transportation of hazardous materials. The DOT regulations include strict labeling and packaging requirements, as well as requirements pertaining to shipping papers and declaration forms that must be completed by the shipper. In addition, we provide a Safety Data Sheet ("SDS") with every tank, and all employees involved in shipping hazardous materials are required to have appropriate certification. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in, among other things, revocation of required licenses, administrative enforcement actions, fines and civil and criminal liability, which could have a material impact on our business. The cost of complying with these regulations is considered as an ongoing cost of operations, and is not material.
Government Regulation of the Business
In connection with its distribution of cylinders of ethanol in nitrogen for use in calibrating breath alcohol testers (described above under "—Environmental Matters"), Lifeloc has trained on and is following the requirements of OSHA's Hazardous Communications Standard of 2012 (referred to as "HazCom 2012"). Compliance with HazCom 2012 requires providing employee information and training, labeling of chemicals used by Lifeloc and updating MSDS to the new harmonized Safety Data Sheets ("SDS") as they become available. It also requires us to prepare and implement a hazard communication program to follow for workers potentially exposed to hazardous chemicals.
We are also subject to regulation by the United States Department of Transportation ("DOT") and by various state departments of transportation. The Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act of 1991 requires drug and alcohol testing of safety-sensitive transportation employees in aviation, trucking, railroads, mass transit, pipelines, and other transportation industries. The DOT Office of Drug & Alcohol Policy & Compliance ("ODAPC") publishes, implements, and provides authoritative interpretations of these rules. These regulations cover all transportation employers, safety-sensitive transportation employees, and service agents. Manufacturers submit devices to the DOT for testing and approval. Instruments are tested according to their model specifications and, if passed, included on the Conforming Products List of Evidential Breath Alcohol Measurement Devices (the "CPL") published periodically in the Federal Register. Law enforcement applications also require that portable breath testing instruments be included on the CPL. Lifeloc's FC10, FC10Plus, FC20, FC20BT, EV30, and Phoenix® 6.0 and Phoenix®6.0BT are included on the CPL. Lifeloc’s LX9 and LT7 have received conformance letters from the DOT and are expected to appear in the next publication of the CPL.
We believe that we were in substantial compliance with the regulations described above as of December 31, 2023 for our products sold into these markets and states.
See also Item 1A. Risk Factors – "We are subject to a high degree of regulatory oversight and, if we do not continue to receive the necessary regulatory approvals, our revenues may decline."
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International Regulations
Outside of the United States, Lifeloc is subject to applicable regional and foreign regulations. In order to sell our products in the European Union, a CE mark is required, which declares product conformity to relevant directives. Product directives include electromagnetic compatibility and environmental directives which restrict the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic equipment. Lifeloc has a number of CE marked products and we follow other foreign regulations as they apply.
Many countries into which our products are sold recognize the CPL in their selection criteria or have no regulations applicable to the sale of our products. In the case of sales into countries that do not recognize the CPL in their selection criteria, our products conform to in-country developed specifications or are not subject to significant government regulation.
State and Local Regulations
In certain states, the results of portable fuel-cell breath testers are admissible as evidence of intoxication in DUI prosecution. In other states, infra-red technology is considered the standard for evidence of intoxication, because of its ability to perform real-time analysis of the entire breath exhalation thereby giving it the ability to detect interference from mouth alcohol. In those states, portable fuel-cell based breath testers are not admissible as evidence of intoxication, although they may still be used to establish "probable cause."
Insurance
We are covered under comprehensive general liability insurance policies, which have per occurrence and aggregate limits of $1 million and $2 million, respectively, and a $5 million umbrella policy. We maintain customary property and casualty, workers' compensation, employer liability and other commercial insurance policies.
Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2023, we had 37 full-time employees and 4 part-time employees. At Lifeloc Technologies, we promise to expand human possibility within our company and we work to attract and develop highly engaged people who can and want to do their best work. A culture of integrity is fundamental to Lifeloc’s core values, including a code of ethics. That applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and all other directors and management personnel. This code of ethics prohibits corrupt acts, bribery and anticompetitive behavior. Employee training is used to reinforce our values companywide, with participation in trainings related to ethics, environment, health and safety responses at or near 100%. We make the safety and health of our employees a top priority. We strive for zero workplace injuries and illnesses and operate in a manner that recognizes safety as fundamental to Lifeloc being a great place to work. We invest in growth and development of our employees. We take pride in our culture and make every effort to promote from within. We offer workplace benefits to all full-time employees. Our comprehensive benefits include healthcare benefits, disability and life insurance benefits, paid time off, and leave programs. Lifeloc offers plans and resources to help employees meet future savings goals through retirement savings plans. We offer flextime, remote work, and part-time arrangements whenever business conditions permit. Productivity and continuous improvement are important components of our workplace culture.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risk factors described below. If any of the following risk factors actually occur, our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations would likely suffer. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could fall, resulting in the loss of all or part of your investment. You should look at all these risk factors in total. Some risk factors may stand on their own. Some risk factors may affect (or be affected by) other risk factors. You should not assume we have identified these connections. You should not assume that we will always update these and future risk factors in a timely manner. Except as required under applicable securities laws, we are not undertaking any obligation to update these risk factors to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
There is no assurance that our efforts to develop a marijuana breathalyzer will be successful or that significant sales will result from such development if successful.
We are currently investing significant resources in the development of our SpinDx product line, in an effort to be the first viable product to address the potential market opportunity for testers for drugs of abuse. Though we have made significant progress toward commercialization of our first product in this space, there is no assurance that our efforts will ultimately succeed or, if they do, that we will be able to capture a significant amount of market share.
Global economic conditions could have a negative impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our business can be positively or negatively affected by fluctuations in exchange rates and country by country economic conditions. Our international customers increase, reduce, delay or cancel their purchases of our products when exchange rates are unfavorable to importation. Unfavorable economic and currency situations at times force us to adjust prices downward to remain competitive. We incur losses if a customer's business fails and the customer is unable to pay us, or pay us on a timely basis. Likewise, if our suppliers have difficulty in obtaining credit or in operating their businesses, they may not be able to provide us with the materials we use to manufacture our products. Our law enforcement business is dependent on the availability of federal and state grants to fund new equipment purchases. Should this funding be unavailable or delayed, our volume may be negatively affected. Our workplace business may be affected by the health of industries with safety-sensitive jobs such as oil and gas and transportation. Demand for our products may be affected by downturns in these segments. These actions would result in reduced revenues and higher operating costs, and have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We rely on customers who may not consistently purchase our products in the future and if we lose any one of these customers, our revenues may decline.
Fifteen percent of our product sales in 2023 and 2022 were attributable to three customers, with whom we do not have long-term contracts. If orders from those customers are not renewed, our revenues may be adversely affected. Furthermore, at December 31, 2023, our accounts receivable balance included approximately $103,739 or 13% from one customer, $98,412 or 12% from a second customer, and $42,954, or 5%, from a third customer.
In the future, a small number of customers may continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in any given period. These customers may not consistently purchase our products at a particular rate over any subsequent period. A loss of any of these customers could adversely affect our revenues.
We rely heavily upon the talents of our Chief Executive Officer, the loss of whom could severely damage our business.
Our performance depends to a large extent on a small number of key managerial personnel. In particular, we believe our success is highly dependent upon the services and reputation of our Chief Executive Officer and President, Dr. Wayne R. Willkomm. Loss of Dr. Willkomm's services could severely damage our business.
We must continue to be able to attract employees, including employees with the scientific and technical skills that our business requires, and if we are unable to attract and retain such individuals, our business could be severely damaged. Labor shortages across the country threaten to damage our business.
Our ability to attract employees, including employees with a high degree of scientific and technical talent is crucial to the success of our business. There is intense competition for the services of such persons, and we cannot guarantee that we will continue to be able to attract and retain individuals possessing the necessary qualifications. If we cannot attract such individuals, we may not be able to keep our products current, bring new innovation to market or produce our products. As a result, our business could be damaged. Additionally, labor shortages, which have become more common due to COVID-19 impacts, threaten to damage our business.
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Our growth depends in part on the timely development and commercialization, and customer acceptance, of new and enhanced products and services.
If we do not develop innovative new and enhanced products and services on a timely basis, our offerings will become obsolete over time and our business will suffer. Our success depends on several factors, including our ability to:
| • | correctly identify customer needs and preferences and predict future needs and preferences; |
| • | allocate our R&D funding to products and services with higher growth prospects; |
| • | anticipate and respond to our competitors’ development of new products and services and technological innovations; |
| • | differentiate our offerings from our competitors’ offerings and avoid commoditization; |
| • | innovate and develop new technologies and applications; |
| • | obtain adequate intellectual property rights with respect to key technologies before our competitors do; |
| • | successfully commercialize new technologies in a timely manner, price them competitively and cost-effectively manufacture and deliver sufficient volumes of new products of appropriate quality on time; |
| • | obtain necessary regulatory approvals of appropriate scope; and |
| • | stimulate customer demand for and convince customers to adopt new technologies. |
If we fail to accurately predict future customer needs and preferences or fail to produce viable technologies, we may invest heavily in R&D of products and services that do not lead to significant revenue, which would adversely affect our business. Even when we successfully innovate and develop new and enhanced products and services, we often incur substantial costs in doing so, and our profitability may suffer. In addition, promising new offerings may fail to reach the market or realize only limited commercial success because of real or perceived efficacy or safety concerns.
Our ongoing investment in new products, services, and technologies is inherently risky, and could disrupt our ongoing businesses.
We have invested and expect to continue to invest in new products, services, and technologies. Such endeavors involve significant risks and uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, insufficient revenues to offset liabilities assumed and expenses associated with these new investments, inadequate return of capital on our investments, and unidentified issues not discovered in our due diligence of such strategies and offerings. Because these new ventures are inherently risky, sometimes they have been unsuccessful and no assurance can be given that such strategies and offerings will be successful and will not adversely affect our reputation, financial condition, and operating results.
We are subject to a high degree of regulatory oversight, and, if we do not continue to receive the necessary regulatory approvals, our revenues would decline.
We are subject to regulation by the United States Department of Transportation ("DOT") and by various state departments of transportation. The Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act of 1991 requires drug and alcohol testing of safety-sensitive transportation employees in aviation, trucking, railroads, mass transit, pipelines, and other transportation industries. The DOT Office of Drug & Alcohol Policy & Compliance ("ODAPC") publishes, implements, and provides authoritative interpretations of these rules. These regulations cover all transportation employers, safety-sensitive transportation employees, and service agents. Manufacturers submit devices to the DOT for testing and approval. Instruments are tested according to their model specifications and, if passed, included on the CPL. Law enforcement applications also require that portable breath testing instruments be included on the CPL. Lifeloc's FC10, FC10Plus, FC20, FC20BT, EV30, and Phoenix® 6.0 and Phoenix®6.0BT are included on the Conforming Products List of Evidential Breath Alcohol Measurement Devices (“CPL”). Lifeloc’s LX9 and LT7 have received conformance letters from the DOT and are expected to appear in the next publication of the CPL. We believe that we were in substantial compliance with the regulations described above as of December 31, 2023 for our products sold into these markets and states.
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The DOT has approved the alcohol monitoring products we currently sell in the United States. However, further DOT approval may be required before we can domestically market additional alcohol monitoring products that we may develop in the future. We may also seek to sell new drug-related products, or market current products for new uses, either of which could require us to obtain DOT approval to sell such products. We may also be required to obtain regulatory approvals or licenses from other federal, state or local agencies or comparable agencies in other countries.
We may not continue to receive DOT approval of our current products or we may not obtain the necessary regulatory clearance, approvals or licenses for the marketing of any of our future products. Also, we cannot predict the impact on our business of DOT regulations or determinations arising from future legislation or administrative action. If we lose DOT permission to sell our current products or we do not obtain regulatory permission to sell our future products, our revenues would likely decline, harming our business.
Our business in the domestic law enforcement area is susceptible to changes in state policies and DUI laws.
Portable breath testers ("PBTs") are not used to the same degree in each state. Usage is determined by a complex combination of individual state DUI laws, historical practice, and individual state directions for alcohol testing. Some states do not accept breath alcohol testing as evidence. Other states may prefer different breath alcohol testing technology, such as infrared. Lifeloc cannot control the direction or timing of changes to individual state DUI laws, public and political sentiment toward the use of PBTs, or individual state preferences for a specific breath alcohol testing technology. These factors threaten current state contracts and future state contracts and threaten revenue.
Our business relies on state contracts, governed by state contracting policies that are beyond our control.
Many state purchases of PBTs are governed by state contracts with competitive price bids, multiple year terms and without guarantees of purchases. Other states prefer to share PBT usage across several vendors, also without guarantees of volume. These state practices limit Lifeloc's ability to retain current business, forecast volumes and win new business.
Furthermore, a significant amount of our law enforcement business is concentrated in eight states (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Michigan, Idaho, Texas and Nevada). Loss of this business, or delays or cancellations in purchasing by these states, seriously impacts our law enforcement business.
Third parties may infringe on our patents, and as a result, we could incur significant expense in protecting our patents or not have sufficient resources to protect them.
We hold several patents that are important to our business. We plan to protect these patents from infringement and obtain additional patents whenever feasible. To this end, we have obtained confidentiality agreements from our employees and consultants and others who have access to the design of our products and other proprietary information. Protecting and obtaining patents, however, is both time consuming and expensive. We therefore may not have the resources necessary to assert all potential patent infringement claims or pursue all patents that might be available to us. If our competitors or other third parties infringe on our patents, our business may be harmed.
Third parties may claim that we have infringed on their patents and as a result, we could be prohibited from using all or part of any technology used in our products.
Should third parties claim a proprietary right to all or part of any technology that we use in our products, such a claim, regardless of its merit, could involve us in costly litigation. If successful, such a claim could also result in us being unable to freely use the technology that was the subject of the claim, or sell products embodying such technology. If we engage in litigation, our expenses may increase and our business may be harmed. If we are prohibited from using a particular technology in our products, our revenues may decline and our business may be harmed.
Third parties to whom we have licensed our patents may choose to enforce them through litigation, over which we would exert little or no control.
Should third parties who have licensed our intellectual property determine it is in their best interest to pursue litigation based on those patents, we would have no control in the direction of that litigation or the resulting publicity. Litigation may result in unfavorable findings by courts regarding the nature or protectability of our intellectual property. Litigation may result in additional expenditures or harm the business. Additionally, we would have no control over the publicity any such litigation may garner, which could negatively affect the company in the marketplace. In any of these situations, revenues may decline and our business may be harmed.
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We depend on the availability of certain key supplies and services that are available from only a few sources, and if we experience difficulty with a supplier, we may have difficulty finding alternative sources of supply.
We require certain key supplies for our products, particularly fuel cells, that are available from only a few sources. Based upon our ordering experience to date, we believe the materials and services required for the production of our products are currently available in sufficient quantities. However, this does not mean that we will continue to have timely access to adequate supplies of essential materials and services in the future or that supplies of these materials and services will be available on satisfactory terms when the need arises. Our business could be severely damaged if we become unable to procure essential materials and services in adequate quantities and at acceptable prices.
From time to time, subcontractors may produce certain of our products for us, and our business is subject to the risk that these subcontractors may fail to make timely delivery and/or become unable to acquire essential supplies and services from third parties in a timely fashion. If this occurs, we may not be able to deliver our products on a timely basis and our revenues may decline. Our products and services are also from time to time used as components in the products of other manufacturers. We are therefore subject to the risk that manufacturers that integrate our products or services into their own products may change their source of supply to other vendors, may change their product designs in a way that eliminates our components, and/or may choose to have their components manufactured by other means. If this occurs, our sales may decline and our business may be harmed.
We may be exposed to claims of liability.
Like any manufacturer, we are and always have been exposed to liability claims resulting from the use of our products. We maintain product liability insurance to cover us in the event of liability claims, and as of December 31, 2023, no such claims have been asserted or threatened against us. However, our insurance may not be sufficient to cover all possible future product liabilities.
We could be liable if our business operations harmed the environment, and a failure to maintain compliance with environmental laws could severely damage our business.
Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. From time to time, we use hazardous materials in our operations. Although we believe that we are in material compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations, our business could be severely damaged by any failure to maintain such compliance.
Climate change may adversely impact our business.
The impact of continuing climate change could result in increased costs or reduced demand for our products, carbon asset risks, risks due to severe weather events and may result in the need for us to devote additional resources to the management of greenhouse gas emissions which will likely harm our profitability.
Our quarterly financial results vary quarter to quarter, which adversely affects our stock price at times. We cannot predict with any certainty our operating results in any particular fiscal quarter.
Our quarterly operating results may vary significantly depending upon factors such as:
| ▪ | the timing of completion of significant orders; |
| ▪ | the timing and amount of our research and development expenditures; |
| ▪ | the costs of initial production in connection with new products; |
| ▪ | the availability, quality and cost of key components that go into the assembly of our products; |
| ▪ | the timing of new product introductions — both by us and by our competitors; |
| ▪ | changes in the regulatory environment and regulations under which we operate; |
| ▪ | the loss of a major customer; |
| ▪ | the timing and level of market acceptance of new products or enhanced versions of our existing products; |
| ▪ | our ability to retain existing employees, customers and our customers' continued demand for our products and services; |
| ▪ | our customers' inventory levels, and levels of demand for our customers' products and services; and |
| ▪ | competitive pricing pressures. |
We may not be able to grow or sustain revenues or achieve or maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis, and levels of revenue and/or profitability may vary from one such period to another.
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Identification of material weakness in internal control may adversely affect our financial results.
We are subject to the ongoing internal control provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Those provisions provide for the identification of material weaknesses in internal control. If such a material weakness is identified, it could indicate a lack of adequate controls to generate accurate financial statements. We routinely assess our internal controls, but we cannot assure you that we will be able to timely remediate any material weaknesses that may be identified in future periods, or maintain all of the controls necessary for continued compliance.
We may require additional capital in the future, which may not be available or may only be available on unfavorable terms.
We monitor our capital adequacy on an ongoing basis. To the extent that our funds are insufficient to fund future operating requirements, we may need to raise additional funds through corporate finance transactions or curtail our growth and reduce our liabilities. Any equity, hybrid or debt financing, if available at all, may be on terms that are not favorable to us. If we cannot obtain adequate capital on favorable terms or at all, our business, financial condition and operating results would be adversely affected.
We have a number of large, well-financed competitors who have research and marketing capabilities that are superior to ours.
The industry in which we operate is highly competitive. Many of our existing and potential competitors have greater financial resources and manufacturing capabilities, more established and larger marketing and sales organizations and larger technical staffs than we have. Other companies, some with greater experience in the alcohol monitoring industry, produce products and services that compete with our products and services. When our competitors are successful in developing products that are superior to our products, or competing products that sell for lower prices, there is a reduction in the demand for our products and a corresponding reduction in our revenue and our profits.
Our products rely on technology that may become outdated or out of favor.
All of Lifeloc's products use fuel cell technology for the measurement of breath alcohol results. This technology has been developed and refined over many years by Lifeloc and our major competitors. While we expect it to remain as the dominant technology in breath testing devices, other technologies for the measurement of breath alcohol exist and are employed in other market and application segments where the technology is more suitable or developed to the specific requirements. Future development of these technologies pose a risk to Lifeloc's business. See "Item 1. Business – Competition and Markets" for more information about these other technologies.
Natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, and other catastrophic events or other events outside of our control may damage our facilities or the facilities of third parties on which we depend and could impact customer priorities and consumer spending.
We have global third parties upon whom we rely and who are sometimes impacted by events outside of our control. An earthquake or other natural disaster or power shortages or outages could disrupt operations or impair sales. In addition, if any facilities of our suppliers, third-party service providers, vendors, or customers, is affected by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, power shortages or outages, floods or monsoons, public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics, political crises, such as terrorism, war, political instability or other conflict, or other events outside of our control, our business and operating results could suffer. Any of these disruptions or other events outside of our control would affect our business negatively, harming our operating results.
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Increasingly common data privacy and cybersecurity regulations impact the use of or market for our products.
Information collected with our products may be governed by certain data privacy and cyber security regulations, breach of which could cause negative publicity or otherwise harm the company. As a Company with information stored online, the company may be vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks which may trigger reporting requirements and legal liability. Responding to a cybersecurity threat or breach would require financial resources, would cause a loss of productivity, and would open the Company to legal liability.
Unstable market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and stock price.
Global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruptions in the past several years, including increased inflation, severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability, and the volatility of such market and economic conditions have increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The scope, duration and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion are unknown at this time, so there can be no assurance how significant any deterioration in credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions will be and how long it may continue. Our general business strategy may be adversely affected by any such economic downturn, volatile geopolitical and business environment or continued unpredictable and unstable market conditions. If the current equity and credit markets deteriorate, or do not improve, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult, more costly, and more dilutive. Failure to secure any necessary financing in a timely manner and on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy, financial performance and stock price and could require us to delay or abandon research and development plans. In addition, there is a risk that one or more of our current suppliers or other partners may not survive these difficult economic times, which could directly affect our ability to attain our operating goals on schedule and on budget.
U.S. Trade relations negatively impact the availability of materials or the international market for the Company’s product.
Changes in U.S. trade relations, particularly the impositions of tariffs by the U.S. and China, have had and are expected to continue to have material effects on the performance of many companies. The Company is negatively affected by tariffs on any component materials required for a company product. Trade relations also decrease any potential international market for the Company products, affecting the Company’s potential for growth.
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Risks Related to Our Stock
Shares of our common stock lack a significant trading market.
Shares of our common stock are not eligible for trading on any national securities exchange. Our common stock may be quoted in the over-the-counter market on the OTC Bulletin Board or in what are commonly referred to as "pink sheets." However, these markets are highly illiquid. There is no assurance that an active trading market in our common stock will develop, or if such a market develops, that it will be sustained. In addition, there is a greater chance for market volatility for securities quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board and pink sheets as compared with securities traded on a national exchange. This volatility may be caused by a variety of factors, including the lack of readily available quotations, the absence of consistent administrative supervision of "bid" and "ask" quotations and generally lower trading volume.
Under certain circumstances, shares of our common stock may be sold without registration pursuant to the safe harbor provided in Exchange Act Rule 144 ("Rule 144"). Any sale under Rule 144 or under any other exemption from the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), if available, or pursuant to registration of shares of common stock of present stockholders, may have a depressive effect upon the price of our common stock in any market that may develop.
Additionally, the price of our securities may be volatile as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
| • | our ability to successfully conceive and to develop new products and services to enhance the performance characteristics and methods of manufacture of existing products; |
| • | our ability to retain existing customers and customers' continued demand for our products and services; |
| • | the timing of our research and development expenditures and of new product introductions; |
| • | the timing and level of acceptance of new products or enhanced versions of our existing products; |
| • | price and volume fluctuations in the stock market at large which do not relate to our operating performance; and |
| • | outside news reports which may or may not accurately convey information about us, our products, our prospects and opportunities. |
Our principal stockholder has significant voting power and may take actions that may not be in the best interests of other stockholders.
Vern D. Kornelsen, Chairman of our Board of Directors, Secretary, and Chief Financial Officer, beneficially owned approximately 77% of our outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2023. Through this ownership, Mr. Kornelsen is able to control the composition of our Board and direct our management and policies. Accordingly, Mr. Kornelsen has the direct or indirect power to:
| • | amend our bylaws and some provisions of our articles of incorporation; and |
| • | cause or prevent mergers, consolidations, sales of all or substantially all our assets or other extraordinary transactions. |
Mr. Kornelsen's significant ownership interest could adversely affect investors' perceptions of our corporate governance. In addition, Mr. Kornelsen may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that involve risks to us and you. For example, Mr. Kornelsen could cause us to make acquisitions that increase our indebtedness or to sell revenue generating assets. Mr. Kornelsen may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us.
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Stockholders should not anticipate receiving cash dividends on our stock.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends or distributions on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain future earnings to support operations and to finance expansion and therefore do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
We may issue shares in the future, diluting your interest in us.
We issue options to purchase shares of our common stock to compensate employees, consultants and directors or to raise capital. Any such issuances will have the effect of further diluting the interest of the holders of our securities.
General Risk Factors
Blue Sky considerations limit sales in certain states.
The holders of our securities and persons who desire to purchase them in any trading market that might develop in the future should be aware that there may be significant state law restrictions upon the ability of investors to resell our securities. Investors should consider any secondary market for our securities to be a limited one. The "manual exemption" permits a security to be distributed in a particular state without being registered if the company issuing the security has a listing for that security in a securities manual recognized by the state. However, it is not enough for the security to be listed in a recognized manual. The listing entry must contain (1) the names of issuers, officers, and directors, (2) an issuer's balance sheet, and (3) a profit and loss statement for either the fiscal year preceding the balance sheet or for the most recent fiscal year of operations. Since June 14, 2011, we have been listed in Standard & Poor's. While many states expressly recognize this manual, a smaller number of states declare that they "recognize securities manuals" but do not specify the recognized manuals, making applicability of the manual exemption uncertain in those states. The following states do not have provisions expressly recognizing the manual exemption: Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Montana, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Virginia. While we may, in our discretion, cause our securities to be registered under the state securities laws of these or other states, there is no guarantee that we will do so.
Compliance with changing regulations of corporate governance and public disclosure result in expense.
We are subject to certain federal, state and other rules and regulations, including those required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, new regulations promulgated by the SEC and the rules of the OTC Market. The expense of compliance with these and other laws relating to corporate governance and public disclosure is included in our general and administrative expenses. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, we invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment results in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not required for smaller reporting companies.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
We have not yet developed a cybersecurity risk management program, though we are in the process of assessing the potential risks. As of this time, we have determined that risks from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected and are not reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.
Cybersecurity Governance
Our Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has oversight responsibility for risks to our company, including incidents related to cybersecurity threats.
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Item 2. Properties
On October 31, 2014, we purchased the commercial property we use as our corporate headquarters and certain adjacent property in Wheat Ridge, Colorado. The building consists of 22,325 square feet, of which 19,551 square feet are occupied by us and 2,774 square feet is currently leased to one tenant whose lease expires June 30, 2025. We intend to continue to lease the space we are not occupying, but in the future may elect to expand our own operations into space currently leased to the other tenant. Our purchase of the property was partially financed through a term loan in an original principal amount of $1,581,106, secured by a first-priority mortgage on the property. This loan was paid on September 30, 2021 with proceeds from a new term loan, also secured by a first-priority mortgage on the property, in the principal amount of $1,350,000 which matures in September 2031.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We may be involved from time to time in litigation, negotiation and settlement matters that may have a material effect on our operations or finances. We are not aware of any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business, to which we are a party or of which any of our property is subject.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
As of December 31, 2023, we had 65 shareholders of record. Our common stock is not listed on an established public trading market. Since January 17, 2012, our stock has been quoted by the OTC Markets Group, Inc., in the non-NASDAQ over the counter market. The symbol for our shares is LCTC. Trading in our common stock is limited and sporadic. Subject to the foregoing qualification, the following table sets forth the range of bid quotations for the fiscal quarters indicated, as quoted by OTC Markets Group, Inc., and reflects inter-dealer prices, without retail mark up, mark down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
| Fiscal 2023 | Bid Price | Fiscal 2022 | Bid Price | ||||||||
| 1st Quarter | $1.55 – 2.30 | 1st Quarter | $3.61 – 5.60 | ||||||||
| 2nd Quarter | $1.59 – 2.29 | 2nd Quarter | $3.40 – 5.60 | ||||||||
| 3rd Quarter | $1.60 – 3.35 | 3rd Quarter | $2.75 – 4.00 | ||||||||
| 4th Quarter | $2.21 – 3.15 | 4th Quarter | $2.15 – 3.35 |
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on shares of our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance our operations and expand our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, and other factors the board of directors deems relevant.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Item 6. [Reserved]
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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following is a discussion of our financial condition and results of operations, and should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Certain statements contained in this section are not historical facts, including statements about our strategies and expectations about new and existing products, market demand, acceptance of new and existing products, technologies and opportunities, market and industry segment growth, and return on investments in products and markets. These statements are forward-looking statements and involve substantial risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements in this section are based on information available to us on the date of this document, and we assume no obligation to update such forward-looking statements. Readers of this Form 10-K are strongly encouraged to review the section titled "Risk Factors."
Overview
Lifeloc Technologies, Inc., a Colorado corporation ("Lifeloc" or the "Company"), is a Colorado-based developer, manufacturer and marketer of portable hand-held and fixed station breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies and education. We design, produce and sell fuel-cell based breath alcohol testing equipment. We compete in all major segments of the portable breath alcohol testing instrument market, including law enforcement, workplace, corrections, original equipment manufacturing ("OEM") and consumer markets. In addition, we offer a line of supplies, accessories, services, and training to support customers' alcohol testing programs. We sell globally through distributors as well as directly to users.
We define our business as providing "near and remote sensing and monitoring" products and solutions. Today, the majority of our revenues are derived from products and services for alcohol detection and measurement. We remain committed to growing our breath alcohol testing business. In the future, we anticipate the commercialization of new sensing and measurement products that may allow Lifeloc to successfully expand our business into new growth areas where we do not presently compete or where no satisfactory product solutions exist today.
In addition, with the October 2014 purchase of our corporate headquarters and certain adjacent property, we added a new reporting segment focused on the ownership and rental of real property through existing commercial leases.
Lifeloc incorporated in Colorado in December 1983. We filed a registration statement on Form 10 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which became effective on May 31, 2011. Our fiscal year end is December 31. Our principal executive offices are located at 12441 West 49th Avenue, Unit 4, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033-3338. Our telephone number is (303) 431-9500. Our websites are www.lifeloc.com and www.stsfirst.com. Information contained on our websites does not constitute part of this Form 10-K.
Outlook
Installed Base of Breathalyzers. We believe the installed base of our breathalyzers will increase as the inherent risks associated with drinking while driving or while working in safety sensitive jobs become more widely acknowledged and as our network of distributors and our direct sales force grows. We believe that increased marketing efforts, the introduction of new products and the expansion of our sales network may provide the basis for increased sales and continuing profitable operations. However, these measures, or any others that we may adopt or determine not to adopt, may not result in either increased sales or continuing profitable operations.
Possibility of Operating Losses. Over many of the past several years we have operated profitably; however, prior to that, and in 2021 through 2023, we incurred losses. There is no assurance that we will not incur losses in any given quarter or year in the future.
Sales Growth. We expect to increase sales in the U.S. and worldwide as our network of direct customers and distributors grows and becomes more proficient and expands the number of new accounts. Our growth efforts have focused on expanding our global reach and broadening our product offering in alcohol and drug detection. Orders for all of our products, particularly ignition interlock components, are on an intermittent purchase order basis and there is no assurance they will continue at any given rate, or that orders will repeat.
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Sales and Marketing Expenses. We continue our efforts to expand our domestic and international distribution capability, and we believe that sales and marketing expenses will need to be maintained at a healthy level in order to do so. Sales and marketing expenses are expected to increase as we increase our direct sales representatives and marketing efforts.
Research and Development Expenses. We expect to increase our research and development expenses to support refinements to our products, and the development of additional new products.
SpinDx
In August 2016 we entered into an exclusive patent license agreement with Sandia Corporation pursuant to which we acquired the exclusive rights to develop, manufacture and market Sandia's patented SpinDx™ technology for the detection of drugs of abuse. We believe this license agreement represents the beginning of a relationship that will become material to the Company in the near future. A prototype was built by Sandia under our Cooperative Research and Development Agreement and received in 2018, after which we commenced work on commercializing the device.
In 2023 we purchased SpinDx related test and other equipment totaling $0 and in 2022 $23,999. We are optimistic about the results of the work to date and expect market introduction later in 2024 and commercialization in 2025. SpinDx™ uses a centrifugal disk with micro fluidic flow paths allowing multiple tests to be carried out on a single small sample. The SpinDx™ platform has the potential to revolutionize real-time screening for a panel of high abuse drugs, with the ability to quickly and quantitatively measure very low concentrations of drugs such as cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine and others. We intend to use this technology, sometimes referred to as "Lab on a Disk", to develop devices and tests that could be used at roadside, emergency rooms and in workplace testing to get a rapid and quantitative measure for a panel of such drugs of abuse. We have detected delta-9-THC (the primary psychoactive component of marijuana) down to concentrations of 5 nanograms per milliliter in our laboratory. This includes resolving the psychoactive delta-9-THC from its inactive metabolites. Resolving the psychoactive levels from metabolites is an important step in establishing impairment. We completed the upgrade of our base breathalyzer platform in 2019 (the LX9), and we remain committed to combining it with the SpinDx technology. If successful, this combination will result in a marijuana breathalyzer.
R.A.D.A.R.
On March 8, 2017, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the "Asset Purchase Agreement") with Track Group Inc., a Delaware corporation. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Asset Purchase Agreement, we acquired certain assets comprised of: (1) handheld hardware device technology (the "R.A.D.A.R.® Mobile Devices"), designed to measure breath alcohol content of the user; and (2) software technology called R.A.D.A.R.® (Real-time Alcohol Detection and Reporting) Reporting Center designed to allow the Device to be configured and to capture and manage the data being returned from the Device (together with the Device, the "R.A.D.A.R.® Assets"). We purchased the assets of R.A.D.A.R. 100 knowing the product needed significant upgrading, which was essentially completed and released for sale several years later as R.A.D.A.R. 200. This product met with little market acceptance as a result of the underperformance of one feature. We withdrew R.A.D.A.R. 200 from the market and have outsourced the development of R.A.D.A.R. 300 to a third party, which, if successful, will result in proof of concept showing that the above problem has been resolved. Although there is no assurance of market acceptance, widespread adoption of the R.A.D.A.R.® Mobile Devices may provide an alternative to, and thus lower, incarceration rates through better offender monitoring.
Results of Operations
For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.
Supply chain problems caused by Covid-19, as well as the other market impacts of Covid-19, were mostly resolved by the end of 2023, and the perceived need to monitor for the presence of alcohol reverted back to the level experienced previously. We maintained our reduced costs at their 2022 levels where possible, although inflation took its toll, increasing the cost of raw materials, labor, and freight. We continued and intensified our new product development efforts while maintaining the high level of customer service that has led to an excellent reputation for outstanding customer service. With the introduction of new products, we believe Lifeloc will again be profitable.
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Net sales.
Our product sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $9,228,843, an increase of 11% from $8,350,463 for the same period a year ago. This increase is primarily attributable to price increases and satisfying pent up demand. When royalties of $32,299 and rental income of $68,424 are included, total revenues of $9,329,566 increased by $847,573, or 10%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 when compared to the same 12 months a year ago. Rental income decreased by $22,432 due to electing not to renew or replace a lease for a portion of the space formerly occupied by a tenant, and royalties decreased by $8,375 due to a decrease in sales by royalty-paying customers.
Gross profit.
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $4,039,670 represented an increase of 31% from total gross profit of $3,074,951 for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily as a result of recognizing a shorter life for the RADAR assets in 2022 vs. none in 2023, offset in part by decreased royalties in 2023. Cost of product sales decreased from $5,352,862 in the year ended December 31, 2022 to $5,260,338 in the same period in 2023, a decrease of $92,524 (2%). Gross profit margin on products increased to 43% in the year ended December 31, 2023 from 35.9% in the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily as a result of the decrease in costs.
Research and development expenses.
Research and development expenses were $1,835,164 for the year ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of $449,237 (32%) over the $1,385,927 in the same period a year ago. This increase resulted primarily from the addition of personnel, materials and outside contractors needed for our dedication of resources to SpinDx.
Sales and marketing expenses.
Sales and marketing expenses of $1,225,381 for the year ended December 31, 2023 were up by $102,855 (or 9%) from the $1,122,526 spent in the same period a year ago as a result of expanded marketing efforts, including attending trade shows following the decline of the pandemic and resolution of supply chain issues.
General and administrative expenses.
General and administrative expenses of $1,170,260 for the year ended December 31, 2023 versus $1,216,843 for the year ended December 31, 2022 were relatively unchanged as the decrease of $46,583 represented a decrease of 4% from a year ago.
Other income (expense).
We had an employee retention credit of $107,575 in the year ended December 31, 2022 vs. none in the year ended December 31, 2023. Interest income increased from $13,114 a year ago to $70,062 in 2023, as a result of higher yield availability. Interest expense of $41,566 in the year ended December 31, 2023 was down from $43,081 in the previous year as a result of the decrease in the interest rate on our new loan on our building. The total decrease as a result of the above items in the year ended December 31, 2023 was $58,463, or 75%, for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Net income (loss).
We realized net income of $205,614 for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to a net loss of $455,757 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase of $661,371 was the result of the changes in gross profit, operating expenses and other income discussed above, which resulted in a loss before taxes of $162,639, or a decrease of $410,098 from the loss before taxes of $572,737 in 2022. After the benefit from taxes of $368,253 (versus a benefit from taxes of $116,980 a year ago), we realized net income of $205,614 compared to a net loss of $455,757 in 2022. This increased tax benefit resulted from capitalizing qualified research expenses of $1,744,892 in 2023 vs. $1,052,849 in 2022, which resulted in part in an increase in our deferred tax asset from $321,429 at December 31, 2022 to $806,652 at December 31, 2023, or $485,223 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
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Trends and Uncertainties That May Affect Future Results
Revenues in the year 2023 were higher compared to revenues in 2022. We believe that the anticipated slowdown of the pandemic, along with continued increased sales efforts, may result in improved revenues in 2024 and beyond. Inflationary pressures have affected our business in a number of ways, including increasing the cost of raw materials, labor, and freight. Our actions to mitigate the impact of inflation, including pre-ordering components in higher than usual quantities, sourcing new vendors and increasing prices have been somewhat successful.
We expect our quarter-to-quarter revenue fluctuations to continue, due to the unpredictable timing of large orders from customers and the size of those orders in relation to total revenues. Going forward, we intend to focus our development efforts on products we believe offer the best prospects to increase our intermediate and near-term revenues, with particular emphasis on completing SpinDx™.
Our 2023 operating plan is focused on growing sales, increasing gross profits, and increasing research and development efforts on new products, including SpinDx™, for long-term growth. We cannot predict with certainty the expected sales, gross profit, net income or loss, or usage of cash and cash equivalents for 2023. However, we believe that cash resources will be sufficient to fund our operations for the next twelve months under our current operating plan. If we are unable to manage the business operations in line with our budget expectations, it could have a material adverse effect on business viability, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Further, if we are not successful in sustaining profitability and remaining at least cash flow break-even, additional capital may be required to maintain ongoing operations.
Interest expense.
In connection with the financing of our building purchase on October 31, 2014 we obtained a 10-year term loan from Bank of America in an initial principal amount of $1,581,106 bearing interest at 4.45% per annum (which was decreased to 4% in 2016) and secured by a first-priority mortgage in the acquired property, as well as a one-year $250,000 line of credit, which was later increased to $750,000 with a maturity date of September 28, 2021. The Bank of America loan was paid on September 30, 2021 with proceeds from a new term loan from Citywide Banks, also secured by a first-priority mortgage on the property, in the principal amount of $1,350,000. The new loan is payable in monthly installments of $7,453, with interest at 2.95% and a maturity date of September 30, 2031. The revolving line of credit facility expired in accordance with its terms and has not been renewed.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We compete in a highly technical, very competitive and, in most cases, price driven alcohol testing marketplace, where products can take years to develop and introduce to distributors and end users. Furthermore, manufacturing, marketing and distribution activities are regulated by the DOT and other regulatory bodies that, while intended to enhance the ultimate quality and functionality of products produced, can contribute to the cost and time needed to maintain existing products and develop and introduce new products.
Except for normal operating contractual commitments and purchase orders, we do not have any material contractual commitments requiring settlement in the future. See "Note 5 – Commitments and Contingencies" to our Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8.
We have traditionally funded working capital needs through product sales and close management of working capital components of our business. Historically, we have also received cash from private offerings of our common stock, warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, and notes. In our earlier years, we incurred quarter to quarter operating losses to develop current product applications, utilizing a number of proprietary and patent-pending technologies. Although we have been profitable in recent years except 2020 and 2022, we can provide no assurances that operating losses will not occur in the future. Should that situation arise, we may not be able to obtain working capital funds necessary in the time frame needed and at satisfactory terms, if at all.
As of December 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents was $1,766,621, trade accounts receivable were $812,126 and current liabilities were $1,149,337 resulting in net liquid assets of $1,429,410. We believe that the diminishing of the Covid-19 pandemic, the resolution of supply chain issues, and the introduction of several new products during the last several years, along with new and on-going customer relationships will allow Lifeloc to operate profitably. If the revenue levels during the last several years prior to 2020 do not continue to recover in a timely manner, if inflationary pressures are not contained, or if the development of SpinDx takes longer than expected, we may be required to seek additional sources of capital and/or to implement further cost reduction measures, as necessary.
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Equipment expenditures, consisting of updated production equipment and SpinDx related equipment, during FY 23 were $6,811 compared to $213,206 for FY 22, a decrease of $206,395. We incurred patent application costs in preparation for filing of $1,404 in 2023 versus $9,370 in 2022. Expired and fully amortized patents of $13,758 were removed from our financial statements in 2022 vs. none in 2023. As development of SpinDx progresses, and as normal wear and tear of equipment occurs, we expect to incur outlays for equipment and patent filings in 2024 and beyond.
We generally provide a standard one-year limited warranty on materials and workmanship to our customers. We provide for estimated warranty costs at the time product revenue is recognized. Warranty costs are included as a component of cost of goods sold in the accompanying statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022, warranty costs were not deemed significant.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements. In general, management's estimates are based on historical experience, on information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates made by management.
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventories, sales returns, warranty, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.
We have concluded that we have two operating segments, including our primary business which is as a developer, manufacturer and marketer of portable hand-held breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies and education, and a second segment consisting of renting portions of our building to existing tenants.
We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required, which would increase our expenses during the periods in which any such allowances were made. The amount recorded as a provision for bad debts in each period is based upon our assessment of the likelihood that we will be paid on our outstanding receivables, based on customer-specific as well as general considerations. To the extent that our estimates prove to be too high, and we ultimately collect a receivable previously determined to be impaired, we may record a reversal of the provision in the period of such determination.
We reduce inventory for estimated obsolete or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Any write-downs of inventory would reduce our reported net income during the period in which such write-downs were applied.
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Property and equipment are stated at cost, with depreciation computed over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally five years (three years for software and technology licenses). We use the declining method of depreciation for property, including space modifications, and the straight line method for software and technology licenses. We purchased all of the assets of STS, an online education company, in 2014, which consisted of training courses that are amortized over 15 years using the straight line method. In October 2014, we purchased our building. A majority of the cost of the building is depreciated over 39 years using the straight line method. In addition, based on the results of a third party analysis, a portion of the cost was allocated to components integral to the building. Such components are depreciated over 5 and 15 years, using the declining method. The R.A.D.A.R.® software and patents that were purchased in March 2017 were originally set to amortize over 15 years using the straight line method, but in 2022 we accelerated the amortization of the remaining cost to fully amortize the assets by December 31, 2023. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and major additions, replacements and improvements are capitalized.
Revenue from product sales and supplies is generally recorded when we ship the product and title has passed to the customer, or when agreed milestones are met in the case of product developments, provided that we have evidence of a customer arrangement and can conclude that collection is probable. The prices at which we sell our products are fixed and determinable at the time we accept a customer's order. We recognize revenue from sales to stocking distributors when there is no right of return, other than for normal warranty claims, and generally have no ongoing obligations related to product sales, except for normal warranty.
The sales of licenses to our training courses are recognized as revenue at the time of sale. Direct training performed by us is recognized when training is completed by the trainer, with the unearned portion classified as deferred revenue. Training and certification revenues are recognized at the time the training and certification occurs. Data recording revenue is recognized based on each day’s usage of enrolled devices.
Revenues arising from extended warranty contracts are booked as sales over their life on a straight-line basis. We provide customer financing and leasing ourselves, which we recognize as revenue over the applicable lease term. Occasionally, we rent used equipment to customers, and in those cases, we recognize the revenues as they are earned over the life of the contract.
Royalty income is recognized in accordance with agreed upon terms, when performance obligations are satisfied, the amount is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.
Rental income from space leased to our tenants is recognized in the month in which it is due.
On occasion we receive customer deposits for future product orders and for product development. Customer deposits are initially recorded as a liability and recognized as revenue when the product is shipped and title has passed to the customer, or in the case of product development, when agreed milestones are met.
Stock-based compensation is presented in accordance with the guidance of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). Under the provisions of ASC 718, companies are required to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including employee stock options based on estimated fair values on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our statement of operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not required for smaller reporting companies.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The following financial statements are included in this Report:
| Page | |
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 (PCAOB ID: 6580) | 22 |
| Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 | 27 |
| Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 | 28 |
| Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 | 29 |
| Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 | 30 |
| Notes to Financial Statements | 31 |
| 24 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Lifeloc Technologies, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023, and the related statement of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements).
In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2022, were audited by other auditors whose report dated March 10, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those statements.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there were no critical audit matters.
April
1, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.
PCAOB ID Number
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| LIFELOC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
| Balance Sheets |
| ASSETS |
| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Inventories, net | ||||||||
| Employee retention credit receivable | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT | ||||||||
| Land | ||||||||
| Building | ||||||||
| Real-time Alcohol Detection and Recognition equipment and software | ||||||||
| Production equipment, software and space modifications | ||||||||
| Training courses | ||||||||
| Office equipment, software and space modifications | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing equipment and space modifications | ||||||||
| Research and development equipment, software and space modifications | ||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| OTHER ASSETS: | ||||||||
| Patents, net | ||||||||
| Deposits and other | ||||||||
| Deferred taxes | ||||||||
| Total other assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Term loan payable, current portion | ||||||||
| Income taxes payable | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Deferred revenue, current portion | ||||||||
| Reserve for warranty expense | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| TERM LOAN PAYABLE, net of current portion and debt issuance costs | ||||||||
| DEFERRED REVENUE, net of current portion | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: | ||||||||
| Common stock, par value; shares authorized, shares outstanding | ||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes
| 26 |
| LIFELOC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
| Statements of Income |
| Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||
| REVENUES: | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Product sales | $ | $ | ||||||
| Royalties | ||||||||
| Rental income | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| COST OF SALES | ||||||||
| GROSS PROFIT | ||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES: | ||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): | ||||||||
| Employee retention credit | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | ||||||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE PROVISION FOR TAXES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAXES | ||||||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE, BASIC | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE, DILUTED | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES, BASIC | ||||||||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES, DILUTED | ||||||||
See accompanying notes
| 27 |
| LIFELOC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
| Statements of Stockholders' Equity |
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| | ||||||||
| ( | ||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity, beginning balances | $ | $ | ||||||
| Common stock (no shares issued during periods): | ||||||||
| Beginning balances | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation expense related to stock options | ||||||||
| Ending balances | ||||||||
| Retained earnings: | ||||||||
| Beginning balances | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Ending balances | ||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity, ending balances | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes
| 28 |
| LIFELOC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
| Statements of Cash Flows |
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from (used in) operating activities- | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Provision for inventory obsolescence, net change | ||||||||
| Deferred taxes, net change | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Stock based compensation expense related to stock options | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities- | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Employee retention credit and income taxes receivable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Deposits and other | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Customer deposits | ( | ) | ||||||
| Federal and State income taxes payable | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deferred revenue | ||||||||
| Net cash provided from (used in) operating activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Patent filing expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash (used in) investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Principal payments made on term loan | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided from (used in) financing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD | ||||||||
| CASH, END OF PERIOD | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for income tax | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes
| 29 |
LIFELOC TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS
Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. ("Lifeloc" or the "Company") is a Colorado-based developer, manufacturer and marketer of portable hand-held and fixed station breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies and education. We design, produce and sell fuel-cell based breath alcohol testing equipment. We compete in all major segments of the breath alcohol testing instrument market, including law enforcement, workplace, corrections, original equipment manufacturing ("OEM") and consumer markets. In addition, we offer a line of supplies, accessories, services, and training to support customers' alcohol testing programs. We sell globally through distributors as well as directly to users.
We define our business as providing "near and remote sensing and monitoring" products and solutions. Today, the majority of our revenues are derived from products and services for alcohol detection and measurement. We remain committed to growing our breath alcohol testing business. In the future, we anticipate the commercialization of new sensing and measurement products that may allow Lifeloc to successfully expand our business into new growth areas where we do not presently compete or where no satisfactory product solutions exist today.
Lifeloc incorporated in Colorado in December 1983. We filed a registration statement on Form 10 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which became effective on May 31, 2011. Our fiscal year end is December 31. Our principal executive offices are located at 12441 West 49th Avenue, Unit 4, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033-3338. Our telephone number is (303) 431-9500. Our websites are www.lifeloc.com and www.stsfirst.com. Information contained on our websites does not constitute part of this Form 10-K.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as well as disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Debt
Issuance Costs. In 2016, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update
("ASU") No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs ("ASU 2015-03"). This standard
requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from
the carrying amount of debt liability, consistent with debt discounts or premiums. Deferred loan costs are amortized over the 20-year
life of the term loan on a straight line basis, which approximates the effective interest method. Total debt amortization during
the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $
Deferred Taxes. In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”). This standard requires that deferred income tax assets and liabilities be presented as noncurrent assets or liabilities in the balance sheet.
Fair Value Measurement. Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"), provides a comprehensive framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures which are required about fair value measurements. Specifically, ASC 820 sets forth a definition of fair value and establishes a hierarchy prioritizing the inputs to valuation techniques, giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable value inputs. ASC 820 defines the hierarchy as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 1 are highly liquid and actively traded instruments with quoted prices, such as equity securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, but are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The types of assets and liabilities in Level 2 are typically either comparable to actively traded securities or contracts or priced with models using highly observable inputs.
Level 3 - Significant inputs to pricing that are unobservable as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 3 are those with inputs requiring significant management judgment or estimation, such as complex and subjective models and forecasts used to determine the fair value of financial transmission rights.
| 30 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents. For purposes of reporting cash flows, we consider all cash and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Our financial instruments consist of cash, short-term trade receivables, payables and a term loan secured by a first mortgage. The carrying values of cash, short-term receivables, and payables approximate their fair value due to their short term maturities. The carrying value of the term loan approximates its fair value based on interest rates currently obtainable.
Concentration
of Credit Risk. Financial instruments with significant credit risk include cash and accounts receivable. The amount
of cash on deposit with one financial institution exceeded the $
We have no significant off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk such as foreign exchange contracts, options contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements.
Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from transactions with and from entities primarily located in the United States or from international distributors with a proven payment history. Accordingly, we may be exposed to credit risks generally associated with the alcohol monitoring industry. Our credit policy calls for payment in accordance with prevailing industry standards, generally 30 days with occasional exceptions of up to 60 days for large established customers. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. A summary of the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:
| Schedule of allowance for doubtful accounts | ||||||||
| Years Ended December 31 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Provision (reduction) for estimated losses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Recovery (write-off) of uncollectible accounts | ( | ) | ||||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | $ | ||||||
The
net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2023 of $
Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. We reduce inventory for estimated obsolete or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, inventory consisted of the following:
| Schedule of inventories | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Raw materials & deposits | $ | $ | ||||||
| Work-in-process | ||||||||
| Finished goods | ||||||||
| Total gross inventories | ||||||||
| Less reserve for obsolescence | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total net inventories | $ | $ | ||||||
A summary of the activity in our inventory reserve for obsolescence is as follows:
| Schedule of inventory reserve | ||||||||
| Years Ended December 31 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Provision for estimated obsolescence | ||||||||
| Write-off of obsolete inventory | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | $ | ||||||
| 31 |
Property,
Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, with depreciation computed over
the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally five years; three years for software and technology licenses; 15 years for space
modifications and for training courses; 39 years for the cost of the building we purchased in October 2014. The R.A.D.A.R.®
software and patents that were purchased in March 2017 were originally set to amortize over 15 years using the straight line method,
but in 2022 we accelerated the amortization of the remaining cost to fully amortize the assets by December 31, 2023. We
utilize the declining method of depreciation for property, equipment and space modifications, and the straight-line method of
depreciation for software, training courses, and the building, due to the expected usage of these assets over time. These methods
are expected to continue throughout the life of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and major
additions, replacements and improvements are capitalized. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
was $
Long-Lived
Assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. A long-lived asset is considered impaired when estimated future cash flows related
to the asset, undiscounted and without interest, are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the asset. If deemed impaired, the
long-lived asset is reduced to its estimated fair value. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying
amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell.
Patents. The
costs of applying for patents are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the patent's economic or
legal life (20 years for utility patents in the United States, and 14 years for design patents). Amortization expense,
including impairments, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was $
| Schedule of patents | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Patents issued | $ | $ | ||||||
| Patent applications filed and in process | ||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total net patents | $ | $ | ||||||
Deposits and Other Assets. We include equipment not yet placed in service with deposits.
Customer Deposits. We include customer pre-payments on future orders and tenant security deposits in customer deposits, as shown below. Customer pre-payments are reclassified as revenue when orders are shipped. Tenant security deposits are refunded to tenant upon expiration of lease.
| Schedule of customer deposits | ||||||||||||
| Total | Customer Pre-Payments | Tenant Security Deposits | ||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) | ||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Accrued Expenses. We have accrued various expenses in our December 31 balance sheets, as follows.
| Schedule of accrued expenses | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Compensation | $ | $ | ||||||
| Property and other taxes | ||||||||
| Rebates | ||||||||
| Total accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
Product Warranty Reserve. We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time sales are recognized. Our warranty obligation is based upon historical experience and will be affected by product failure rates and material usage incurred in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates or material usage costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. A summary of the activity in our product warranty reserve is as follows:
| Schedule of product warranty reserve | ||||||||
| Years Ended December 31 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Provision for estimated warranty claims | ||||||||
| Claims made | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | $ | ||||||
Income Taxes. We account for income taxes under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). ASC 740 requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future income tax consequences, based on enacted tax laws, of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. ASC 740 also requires recognition of deferred tax assets for the expected future tax effects of all deductible temporary differences, loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are then reduced, if deemed necessary, by a valuation allowance for the amount of any tax benefits which, more likely than not based on current circumstances, are not expected to be realized.
ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in their financial statements, uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, tax positions must initially be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we did not have any significant interest or penalties or any significant uncertain tax positions.
| 32 |
Revenue Recognition. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 retrospectively, with the cumulative effect of initial application (which was zero) recognized in retained earnings on that date.
Revenue from product sales and supplies is generally recorded when we ship the product and title has passed to the customer, or when agreed milestones are met in the case of product developments, provided that we have evidence of a customer arrangement and can conclude that collection is probable. The prices at which we sell our products are fixed and determinable at the time we accept a customer's order. We recognize revenue from sales to stocking distributors when there is no right of return, other than for normal warranty claims, and generally have no ongoing obligations related to product sales, except for normal warranty.
The sales of licenses to our training courses are recognized as revenue at the time of sale. Training and certification revenues are recognized at the time the training and certification occurs. Data recording revenue is recognized based on each day’s usage of enrolled devices.
Revenues arising from extended warranty contracts are booked as sales over their life on a straight-line basis. We have discontinued arranging for customer financing and leasing through unrelated third parties and instead are providing for customer financing and leasing ourselves, which we recognize as revenue over the applicable lease term. Occasionally, we rent used equipment to customers, and in those cases, we recognize the revenues as they are earned over the life of the contract.
Royalty income is recognized in accordance with agreed upon terms, when performance obligations are satisfied, the amount is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.
Rental income from space leased to our tenants is recognized in the month in which it is due, which approximates if it were recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease.
On occasion we receive customer deposits for future product orders and product developments. Customer deposits are initially recorded as a liability and recognized as revenue when the product is shipped and title has passed to the customer, or when agreed milestones are met in the case of product developments.
Topic 606 requires the disaggregation of revenue into broad categories, which we have defined as shown below.
| Schedule of disaggregation of revenue | ||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| Product sales: | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Product sales and supplies | $ | $ | ||||||
| Training, certification and data recording | ||||||||
| Service plans and equipment rental | ||||||||
| Product sales subtotal | ||||||||
| Royalties | ||||||||
| Rental income | ||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
Deferred Revenue. Deferred revenues arise from service contracts and from development contracts. Revenues from service contracts are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract, generally one year, and are included in product revenue in our statements of income. However, there are occasions when they are written for longer terms up to four years. The revenues from that portion of the contract that extend beyond one year are shown in our balance sheets as long term. Deferred revenues also result from progress payments received on development contracts; those revenues are recognized when the contract is complete and are included in product revenue in our statements of income. All development contracts are for less than one year and all deferred revenues from this source are shown in our balance sheets as short term.
Rebates. Our rebate program is available to certain of our North American workplace distributors in good standing who are responsible for sales equaling at least $25,000 in one calendar year. Distributors in good standing who meet the required sales threshold earn a rebate equal to between 1 and 10 percent of that distributor's total sales of the Company's products. We accrue for these rebates monthly; they are shown in our balance sheets as accrued expenses.
| 33 |
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. ASU 2016-13 adds a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model to U.S. GAAP that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Modified retrospective adoption is required with any cumulative-effect adjustment recorded to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. ASU 2016-13 became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, excluding smaller reporting entities, which became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We adopted ASU 2016-13 beginning January 1, 2023 which did not have a significant impact on our allowance for uncollectible amounts for accounts receivable.
Research and Development Expenses. We expense research and development costs for products and processes as incurred.
ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the accompanying statement of income.
Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. We used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model ("Black-Scholes model") to determine fair value. Our determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include but are not limited to our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with ASC 718 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.
Stock-based compensation expense recognized under ASC 718 for years 2023 and 2022 was $ and $ respectively. Stock-based compensation expense related to employee stock options under ASC 718 is allocated to General and Administrative Expense when incurred.
Segment Reporting. We have concluded that we have two operating segments, including our primary business which is as a developer, manufacturer and marketer of portable hand-held breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies and education. As a result of purchasing our building on October 31, 2014, we have a second segment consisting of renting portions of our building to one tenant, whose lease expires on June 30, 2025.
Wholly
Owned Subsidiary. On June 1, 2022, we formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Probation Tracker, Inc., a Colorado corporation
(“PTI”) and capitalized it with $
We report both basic and diluted net income or loss per common share. Basic net income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income or loss per common share is computed by dividing the net income or loss for the period by the weighted average number of common and potential common shares outstanding during the period if the effect of the potential common shares is dilutive. The shares used in the calculation of dilutive potential common shares exclude options to purchase shares where the exercise price was greater than the average market price of common shares for the period.
| 34 |
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share:
| Schedule of basic and diluted net income per common share | ||||||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2022 | |||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weighted average shares-basic | ||||||||
| Effect of dilutive potential common shares | ||||||||
| Weighted average shares-diluted | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share-basic | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Net income (loss) per share-diluted | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Antidilutive employee stock options | ||||||||
4. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Stock Option Plan. In January 2013, we adopted our 2013 Stock Option Plan (the "2013 Plan") to promote the Company's and its stockholders' interests by helping us to attract, retain and motivate our key employees and associates. Under the terms of the 2013 Plan, our Board of Directors (the "Board") can grant either "nonqualified" or "incentive" stock options, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code and related regulations. The purchase price of the shares subject to a stock option is the fair market value of our common stock on the date the stock option is granted. Generally, all stock options must be exercised within five years from the date granted. No common shares are reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan as it has expired. The 2013 Plan was approved by our shareholders at their regular annual meeting on April 1, 2013.
Under ASC 718, the value of each employee stock option was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model for the purpose of financial information in accordance with ASC 718. The use of a Black-Scholes model requires the use of actual employee exercise behavior data and the use of a number of assumptions including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.
On February 3, 2022 we granted 15,000 options to key employees, which have a term of 5 years, and which were immediately and fully vested. Under ASC 718, the value of each stock option was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model for the purpose of financial information in accordance with ASC 718. The use of a Black-Scholes model requires the use of actual employee exercise behavior data and the use of a number of assumptions including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Cumulative compensation cost recognized in net income or loss with respect to options that are forfeited prior to vesting is adjusted as a reduction of compensation expense in the period of forfeiture. The volatility of the stock is based on a comparable public company's historical volatility since our stock is rarely traded. Fair value computations are highly sensitive to the volatility factor; the greater the volatility, the higher the computed fair value of options granted. The Black-Scholes model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the use of assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility.
The factors used to estimate the value of the option grant and the resulting fair market value, were as follows.
| Schedule of option grant and fair market value | |
| Stock price | $ |
| Exercise price per share | $ |
| Original term (years) | |
| Volatility | % |
| Annual rate of quarterly dividends | |
| Risk free interest rate | % |
| Fair market value of options | $ |
The above fair market value of the options was a charge to our statement of income, with an offsetting credit to capital.
Cumulative compensation cost recognized in net income or loss with respect to options that are forfeited prior to vesting is adjusted as a reduction of compensation expense in the period of forfeiture. The volatility of the stock is based on a comparable public company's historical volatility since our stock is rarely traded. Fair value computations are highly sensitive to the volatility factor; the greater the volatility, the higher the computed fair value of options granted.
| 35 |
The Black-Scholes model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the use of assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Because our employee stock options have characteristics significantly different than those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of our employee stock options. A summary of our stock option activity and related information for equity compensation plans approved by security holders for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021 is as follows:
| Schedule of our stock option activity | ||||||||||
STOCK OPTIONS OUTSTANDING | ||||||||||
Number Outstanding | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share | |||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2021 | $ | |||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||
| Exercised | ||||||||||
| Forfeited/expired | ( | ) | ||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2022 | $ | |||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||
| Exercised | ||||||||||
| Forfeited/expired | ( | ) | ||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
The following table summarizes information about employee stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2023:
| Schedule of stock options outstanding and exercisable | |||||||||||||||||
| STOCK OPTIONS OUTSTANDING | STOCK OPTIONS EXERCISABLE | ||||||||||||||||
| Range of Exercise Prices | Number Outstanding |
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share |
Number Exercisable |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share |
||||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
The exercise price of all options granted through December 31, 2023 has been equal to or greater than the fair market value as of the date of grant, as determined by the Board. As of December 31, 2023, options for our common stock remain available for grant under the 2013 Plan as it has expired.
The
provisions of ASC 718-10-55 require the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to
our employees and directors, including employee stock options, based on estimated fair values. Share-based compensation cost for
stock options is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value as calculated by the Black-Scholes-Merton ("BSM") option-pricing
model. The BSM option pricing model requires the use of actual employee exercise behavior data and the application of a number
of assumptions, including expected volatility, risk free interest rate and expected dividends. For the options granted in 2022,
the pricing model assumptions were: risk-free interest rate .88%, expected life years, expected volatility %, expected dividend rate
%. For the options granted in 2021, the pricing model assumptions were: risk-free interest rate .85%, expected life years, expected
volatility %, expected dividend rate %. Applying these assumptions resulted in a fair value of $
No options were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
The total number of authorized shares of common stock continues to be with no change in the par value per share.
5. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Mortgage
Expense. We purchased our facilities in Wheat Ridge, Colorado on October 31, 2014 for $
| 36 |
The
new note is payable in 119 equal monthly installments of $
| Schedule of minimum future lease payments | ||||||
| 2024 | $ | |||||
| 2025 | ||||||
| 2026 | ||||||
| 2027 | ||||||
| 2028 | ||||||
| 2029 – 2031 | ||||||
| Total | ||||||
| Less financing cost | ( | ) | ||||
| Net term loan payable | ||||||
| Less current portion | ( | ) | ||||
| Long term portion | $ | |||||
Employee Severance Benefits. Our obligation with respect to employee severance benefits is minimized by the "at will" nature of the employee relationships. As of December 31, 2023 we had no obligation with respect to contingent severance benefit obligations other than the Company's obligations under the employment agreement with its chief executive officer, Dr. Wayne Willkomm. In the event that Dr. Willkomm's employment is terminated by the Company without Cause (including through a decision by the Company not to renew the employment agreement) or by Dr. Willkomm with Good Reason (as each are defined in the employment agreement), Dr. Willkomm will be eligible, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, for severance equal to two months of salary continuation plus 12 months of health insurance continuation.
Contractual
Commitments and Purchase Orders. Contractual commitments under development agreements and outstanding purchase orders issued to vendors
in the ordinary course of business totaled $
Regulatory Commitments. We are subject to certain regulations of the United States Department of Transportation and various state departments of transportation. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all known applicable regulations.
6. INCOME TAXES
We
account for income taxes under ASC 740, which requires the use of the liability method. ASC 740 provides that deferred tax
assets and liabilities are recorded based on the differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts
for financial reporting purposes, referred to as temporary differences. Deferred tax assets and liabilities at the end of
each period are determined using the currently enacted tax rates applied to taxable income in the periods in which the deferred tax assets
and liabilities are expected to be settled or realized.
Our income tax benefit provision is summarized below:
| Schedule of income tax provision | ||||||||
| Years Ended | December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||
| Current: | ||||||||
| Federal | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
| State | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total current expense | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deferred: | ||||||||
| Federal | ||||||||
| State | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total deferred benefit | ||||||||
| Total benefit | $ | $ | ||||||
The
State provision of $
| 37 |
The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the benefit provision for income taxes consists of the following:
| Schedule of income tax reconciliation | ||||||||
| Years Ended | December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||
| Federal statutory rate | $ | $ | ||||||
| Effect of: | ||||||||
| State taxes, net of federal tax benefit | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deferred tax benefit | ||||||||
| Capitalizing research & development expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Total benefit provision | $ | $ | ||||||
The components of the deferred tax asset are as follows:
| Schedule of components of the deferred tax asset | ||||||||
| Current Deferred Tax Assets: | December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||
| Bad debt reserve | $ | $ | ||||||
| Inventory reserve | ||||||||
| RADAR asset amortization | ||||||||
| R&D capitalized on tax return, not on books | ||||||||
| Accrued vacation | ||||||||
| Deferred income | ||||||||
| Warranty reserve | ||||||||
| Federal and State net operating loss carry forward | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Our income tax returns are no longer subject to Federal or state tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2017.
7. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We were not involved or party to any legal proceedings at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022, and therefore made no accruals for legal proceedings in either 2023 or 2022.
8. MAJOR CUSTOMERS/SUPPLIERS
We depend on sales that are generated from our customers' ongoing usage of alcohol testing instruments.
One
customer contributed
In
2022, we depended upon three vendors for approximately
9. DEFINED CONTRIBUTION EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
We
have adopted a 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan ("401(k) Plan") which covers all full-time employees who have completed 3 months
of full-time continuous service and are age eighteen or older. Participants may defer up to 100% of their gross pay up to 401(k) Plan
limits. Participants are immediately vested in their contributions. We make monthly discretionary matching contributions
of
10. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We currently have two business segments: (i) the sale of physical products, including portable hand-held breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies, education, training ("Product Sales"), and royalties from development contracts with OEM manufacturers ("Royalties" and, together with Product Sales, the "Products" segment), and (ii) rental of a portion of our building (the "Rentals" segment). The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2.
| 38 |
Operating profits for these segments exclude unallocated corporate items. Administrative and staff costs were commonly used by all business segments and were indistinguishable.
The following sets forth information about the operations of the business segments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
| Schedule of operations of business segments | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Product sales | $ | $ | ||||||
| Royalties | ||||||||
| Products subtotal | ||||||||
| Rentals | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| Gross profit: | ||||||||
| Product sales | $ | $ | ||||||
| Royalties | ||||||||
| Products subtotal | ||||||||
| Rentals | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| Interest expense: | ||||||||
| Product sales | $ | $ | ||||||
| Royalties | ||||||||
| Products subtotal | ||||||||
| Rentals | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| Net income (loss) before taxes: | ||||||||
| Product sales | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Royalties | ||||||||
| Products subtotal | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Rentals | ||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
There were no intersegment revenues.
At
December 31, 2023, $
Future
rental income and related expenses will depend on whether existing leases are renewed. Minimum base rents for leases in place at December
31, 2023 are scheduled to be $
11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
We evaluated all of our activity and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in our financial statements or disclosure in the notes to our financial statements.
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
| 39 |
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) (the "Exchange Act"). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's ("SEC") rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
| (a) | Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting |
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the criteria in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in 2014. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the COSO in 2014, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.
| (b) | Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm. |
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC, which permit us to provide only management's report in this Annual Report.
| (c) | Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting |
There were no significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system's objectives will be met. Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, do not expect that the Company's disclosure controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with associated policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Item 9B. Other Information
During
the Company’s fourth quarter, no director or officer
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
Not applicable.
| 40 |
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information in response to this item is incorporated by reference from the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information in response to this item is incorporated by reference from the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
Information in response to this item is incorporated by reference from the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
The following table summarizes certain information regarding our equity compensation plan as of December 31, 2023:
Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 123,000 | $ | 3.80 | — | ||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Total | 123,000 | $ | 3.80 | — | ||||||||
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information in response to this item is incorporated by reference from the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information in response to this item is incorporated by reference from the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
| 41 |
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Documents filed as part of this Annual Report or incorporated by reference:
| (1) | Our financial statements are provided under Item 8 of this Annual Report. |
(b) The following exhibits are filed with this Annual Report or incorporated by reference, as indicated:
(1) Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form 10-12G, filed on March 31, 2011.
(2) Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013.
(3) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 10, 2017.
* Filed herewith.
† Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
| 42 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: April 1, 2024
| LIFELOC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. | |||
| By: | /s/ Wayne R. Willkomm | ||
| Wayne R. Willkomm, Ph.D. | |||
| Chief Executive Officer and President | |||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| /s/ Wayne R. Willkomm | April 1, 2024 | |||
| Wayne R. Willkomm, Ph.D. | ||||
Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer) Director |
||||
| /s/ Vern D. Kornelsen | April 1, 2024 | |||
| Vern D. Kornelsen | ||||
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Director |
||||
| /s/ Michelle Heim | April 1, 2024 | |||
Michelle Heim Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) |
||||
| /s/ Robert Greenlee | April 1, 2024 | |||
Robert Greenlee Director |
||||
| /s/ Michael J. Kornelsen | April 1, 2024 | |||
Michael J. Kornelsen, D.M.A. Director |
||||
| /s/ Donald E. Siecke | April 1, 2024 | |||
Donald E. Siecke Director |
||||
| 43 |
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
(1) Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form 10-12G, filed on March 31, 2011.
(2) Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013.
(3) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 10, 2017.
* Filed herewith.
† Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Wayne R. Willkomm, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Lifeloc Technologies, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Dated: April 1, 2024
| /s/ Wayne R. Willkomm | ||
| Wayne R. Willkomm, Ph.D. | ||
|
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Vern D. Kornelsen, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Lifeloc Technologies, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Dated: April 1, 2024
| /s/ Vern D. Kornelsen | ||
| Vern D. Kornelsen | ||
|
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Wayne R. Willkomm, Chief Executive Officer of Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. (the "Company"), hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:
| ● |
the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and
|
| ● |
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the period covered by the Report.
|
Dated: April 1, 2024
| /s/ Wayne R. Willkomm | ||
| Wayne R. Willkomm, Ph.D. | ||
|
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Vern D. Kornelsen, Chief Financial Officer of Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. (the "Company"), hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:
| ● |
the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and
|
| ● |
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the period covered by the Report.
|
Dated: April 1, 2024
| /s/ Vern D. Kornelsen | ||
| Vern D. Kornelsen | ||
|
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |