Medical Properties Trust Inc S-3ASR, filed Jun 2, 2025
Medical Properties Trust Inc (MPT)
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 2, 2025
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Medical Properties Trust, Inc.
MPT Operating Partnership, L.P.
MPT Finance Corporation
(Exact name of registrant issuer as specified in its charter)
| Maryland | 6798 | 20-0191742 | ||
| Delaware | 6798 | 20-0242069 | ||
| Delaware | 6798 | 45-1537205 | ||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
1000 Urban Center Drive, Suite 501
Birmingham, Alabama 35242
(205) 969-3755
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants’ principal executive offices)
Edward K. Aldag, Jr.
Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer
Medical Properties Trust, Inc.
1000 Urban Center Drive, Suite 501
Birmingham, AL 35242
(205) 969-3755
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Yoel Kranz, Esq.
James P. Barri, Esq.
Goodwin Procter LLP
620 Eighth Avenue
New York, New York 10018
(212) 813-8800
Approximate date of commencement of the proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Medical Properties Trust, Inc.
| Large Accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | |||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ | |||||
MPT Operating Partnership, L.P.
| Large Accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | |||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ | |||||
MPT Finance Corporation
| Large Accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | |||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ | |||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Medical Properties Trust, Inc. ☐
MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. ☐
MPT Finance Corporation ☐
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PROSPECTUS
MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Guarantees
MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.
Debt Securities
MPT FINANCE CORPORATION
Debt Securities
MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”) and MPT Finance Corporation (“MPT Finance Corp.”) may from time to time offer to sell debt securities, which will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Medical Properties Trust, Inc., the sole member of the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership (“Medical Properties” or the “Company”, and together with the Operating Partnership and MPT Finance Corp., “MPT”). The Company and any selling stockholders who may be named from time to time in a supplement to this prospectus may offer and sell common stock and preferred stock, in each case, from time to time in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of these securities. The Company will not receive any proceeds from the sale of its common stock or preferred stock by any selling stockholders.
Each time MPT or any selling stockholders offer and sell securities, MPT and such selling stockholders will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and, if applicable, any such selling stockholders, as well as the amounts, prices and terms of the securities. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement before you invest in any of MPT’s securities.
The specific terms of each series or class of the securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and may include limitations on actual or constructive ownership and restrictions on transfer of the securities, in each case as may be appropriate to preserve the status of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The applicable prospectus supplement will also contain information, where applicable, about certain U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to, and any listing on a securities exchange of, the securities covered by such prospectus supplement.
MPT may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, or through a combination of these methods. In addition, any selling stockholders may offer and sell shares of the Company’s common stock or preferred stock from time to time, together or separately. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus entitled “About this Prospectus” and “Plan of Distribution” for more information. No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.
The Company’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “MPW”. On May 30, 2025, the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE was $4.57 per share.
Investing in our securities involves risks. See “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and in the most recent combined Annual Report on Form 10-K of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P., as updated by our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), to the extent incorporated by reference herein.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is June 2, 2025
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This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf process, we are registering an unspecified amount of any combination of the securities described in this prospectus and we and/or any selling stockholders may sell such securities, at any time and from time to time, in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we and/or any selling stockholders may offer. Each time we and/or any selling stockholders sell securities, we and/or any selling stockholders will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the securities being offered and the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information”.
We have filed or incorporated by reference exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You should read the exhibits carefully for provisions that may be important to you.
Unless the context requires or otherwise indicates, references in this prospectus to:
| • | “Medical Properties” or the “Company” refer to Medical Properties Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation; |
| • | “Operating Partnership” refer to MPT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership and the operating partnership of Medical Properties Trust, Inc.; |
| • | “MPT Finance Corp.” refer to MPT Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership; |
| • | “we”, “us”, “our” or “our company” refer to MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries (including MPT Finance Corporation), together with Medical Properties Trust, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the sole general partner of MPT Operating Partnership, L.P., and Medical Properties Trust, Inc., the sole member of Medical Properties Trust, LLC; |
| • | “selling stockholder” refers to selling stockholders, including successors-in-interest, donees, transferees or others who may later hold any selling stockholder’s interests; and |
| • | “you” refers to a prospective investor in securities covered by this registration statement. |
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ABOUT MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC. AND MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.
Medical Properties is a self-advised, NYSE-listed REIT focused on investing in and owning net-leased healthcare facilities across the United States and selectively in foreign jurisdictions. Medical Properties has operated as a REIT since April 2004 in the United States. We conduct substantially all of our business through the Operating Partnership. We acquire and develop healthcare facilities and lease the facilities to healthcare operating companies under long-term net leases, which require the tenant to bear most of the costs associated with the property. The majority of our leased assets are owned 100%; however, we do own some leased assets through joint ventures with other partners that share our view that healthcare facilities are part of the infrastructure of any community, which we refer to as investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures. We also may make mortgage loans to healthcare operators collateralized by their real estate assets. In addition, we may make noncontrolling investments in our tenants (which we refer to as investments in unconsolidated operating entities) from time-to-time, typically in conjunction with larger real estate transactions with the tenant which may enhance our overall return and provide for certain minority rights and protections. Our business model facilitates acquisitions and recapitalizations, and allows operators of healthcare facilities to unlock the value of their real estate to fund facility improvements, technology upgrades, and other investments in operations.
Medical Properties was incorporated under Maryland law in August 2003, and the Operating Partnership was formed under Delaware law in September 2003. Our principal executive offices are located at 1000 Urban Center Drive, Suite 501, Birmingham, Alabama 35242. Our telephone number is (205) 969-3755 and our Internet address is www.medicalpropertiestrust.com. The information found on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC.
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MPT Finance Corp. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership. MPT Finance Corp. has no assets and does not and will not conduct any operations or have any employees. It was formed for the sole purpose of acting as an issuer or co-issuer of debt securities that the Operating Partnership may issue from time to time solely to allow certain institutional investors that might otherwise not be able to invest in our securities, either because the Operating Partnership is a limited partnership, or by reason of the legal investment laws of their states of organization or their charters, to invest in such debt securities.
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Before investing in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus, you should consider carefully all of the information set forth herein, in any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, and any free writing prospectus we authorize to be delivered to you unless expressly provided otherwise, and, in particular, the risk factors described in the combined Annual Report on Form 10-K of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. for the year ended December 31, 2024 (“2024 10-K”), and all other information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by any subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are incorporated by reference herein, as well as the risk factors and other information contained or incorporated by reference in the applicable prospectus supplement. The risks described in any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business operations. These risks could materially adversely affect, among other things, our business financial condition and results of operations, and could cause the trading price of our securities to decline, resulting in the loss of all or part of your investment.
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We will describe the use of proceeds with respect to a particular offering in the applicable prospectus supplement or other offering material, which may include, among other things, general business purposes, including repayment of debt, acquisitions, capital expenditures and working capital. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock or preferred stock by any selling stockholders.
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CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, the documents we incorporate by reference herein and/or therein and in any free writing prospectus we authorize to be delivered to you constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor from civil liability provided for such statements by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. We make forward-looking statements in this prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, are forward-looking by their nature:
| • | our business strategy; |
| • | our projected operating results; |
| • | our ability to raise funds through disposals of properties and other liquidity transactions, including our ability to dispose of properties on favorable terms or at all; |
| • | our ability to raise funds through offerings of debt and equity securities and joint venture arrangements; |
| • | our ability to obtain future financing arrangements (including refinancing of existing financing arrangements); |
| • | our ability to close on any pending transactions or complete current development projects on the time schedule or terms described or at all; |
| • | our ability to acquire, develop, and/or manage additional facilities in the United States (“U.S.”), Europe, South America, or other foreign locations; |
| • | availability of suitable facilities to acquire or develop; |
| • | our ability to enter into, and the terms of, our prospective leases and loans; |
| • | our ability to re-lease facilities at similar rates as vacancies occur; |
| • | estimates relating to, and our ability to pay, future distributions; |
| • | our ability to service our debt and comply with all of our debt covenants; |
| • | our ability to compete in the marketplace; |
| • | lease rates and interest rates; |
| • | market trends; |
| • | projected capital expenditures; and |
| • | the impact of technology on our facilities, operations, and business. |
Forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions, and expectations of our future performance, taking into account information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions, and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider these risks before you make an investment decision with respect to our securities, along with, among others, the following factors that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:
| • | macroeconomic conditions, including due to geopolitical instability and global trade disruptions, which may lead to a disruption of or lack of access to the capital markets, disruptions and instability in the banking and financial services industries, rising inflation and movements in currency exchange rates, and may negatively impact the financial condition of our tenants; |
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| • | the risk that property sales, loan repayments, and other capital recycling transactions do not occur as anticipated or at all; |
| • | the risk that the outcome and terms of the bankruptcy restructurings of affiliates of Prospect Medical Holdings, Inc. (collectively, “Prospect”) will not be consistent with those we anticipate and the risk that we are unable to recover the value of our real estate and other investments in the Prospect portfolio as a result of the bankruptcy restructuring, within a reasonable timeframe or at all; |
| • | the risk that we are unable to successfully re-tenant or sell the remaining former Steward Health Care System hospitals, on the terms we expect or at all; |
| • | the risk that governments may exercise powers adverse to our ownership and other rights in our properties; |
| • | the risk that we are not able to attain our leverage, liquidity, and cost of capital objectives within a reasonable time period or at all; |
| • | our ability to obtain debt financing on attractive terms or at all (including debt in our joint venture arrangements), as a result of changes in interest rates and other factors, which may adversely impact our ability to pay down, refinance, restructure, or extend our indebtedness as it becomes due, or pursue acquisition and development opportunities; |
| • | our ability to remain in compliance with our financial covenants under our debt facilities and obtain additional debt covenant relief under our credit facility; |
| • | any downgrades in our credit ratings; |
| • | the ability of our tenants, operators, and borrowers (including those of our joint ventures) to satisfy their obligations under their respective contractual arrangements with us; |
| • | the ability of our tenants and operators to operate profitably and generate positive cash flow, remain solvent, comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations in the operation of our properties, to deliver high-quality services, to attract and retain qualified personnel, and to attract patients; |
| • | the cooperation of our joint venture partners, including adverse developments affecting the financial health of such joint venture partners or the joint venture itself; |
| • | the economic, political and social impact of, and uncertainty relating to, the potential impact from epidemics, pandemics or other public health crises (like COVID-19), which may adversely affect our and our tenants’ business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity; |
| • | our success in implementing our business strategy and our ability to identify, underwrite, finance, consummate, and integrate acquisitions and investments; |
| • | the nature and extent of our current and future competition; |
| • | factors affecting the real estate industry generally or the healthcare real estate industry in particular; |
| • | our ability to maintain our status as a REIT for income tax purposes in the U.S. and United Kingdom; |
| • | changes in federal, state, or local tax laws in the U.S., Europe, South America, or other jurisdictions in which we may own healthcare facilities or transact business; |
| • | federal and state healthcare and other regulatory requirements, as well as those in the foreign jurisdictions where we own properties; |
| • | the value of our real estate assets, which may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or obtain or maintain equity or debt financing secured by our properties or on an unsecured basis; |
| • | loss of property owned through ground leases upon breach or termination of the ground leases; |
| • | potential environmental contingencies and other liabilities; |
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| • | our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; |
| • | the risks and uncertainties of litigation or other regulatory proceedings and investigations; |
| • | the accuracy of our methodologies and estimates regarding corporate responsibility metrics and targets, tenant willingness and ability to collaborate towards reporting such metrics and meeting such goals and targets, and the impact of governmental regulation on our and our tenants’ corporate responsibility efforts; and |
| • | factors set forth in the 2024 10-K and in any future filings with the SEC that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any other accompanying prospectus supplement, including those set forth under the sections captioned “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Business.” |
When we use the words “believe”, “expect”, “may”, “potential”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “plan”, “will”, “could”, “intend” or similar expressions, we are identifying forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to update such statements or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, any documents we incorporate by reference herein and/or therein or any free writing prospectus we authorize to be delivered to you to reflect future events or developments.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES AND RELATED GUARANTEES
This prospectus contains a summary of the securities that we may sell pursuant to this prospectus. This summary is not meant to be a complete description of each security. However, this prospectus, together with any applicable accompanying prospectus supplement, will contain the material terms of the securities being offered. When used in this section, the terms “we”, “us”, “our” and “Issuers” refer jointly to the Operating Partnership and MPT Finance Corp., and the term “Parent” refers only to Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and not to any of its subsidiaries.
General
The Operating Partnership may issue senior debt securities in one or more series, and MPT Finance Corp. is expected to be a co-issuer of any such series. MPT Finance Corp. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership. MPT Finance Corp. has no assets and does not and will not conduct any operations or have any employees. It was formed for the sole purpose of acting as an issuer or co-obligor of debt securities that the Operating Partnership may issue from time to time.
If we offer debt securities covered by this registration statement, we will issue them under a base indenture, dated as of October 10, 2013, by and among the Issuers, the Parent, as guarantor, certain subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership party thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, which will be amended and supplemented by a supplemental indenture to create the form and terms of each series of debt securities that may be issued, offered and sold hereunder. The base indenture is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and any supplemental indenture will be filed as an exhibit to a document incorporated by reference herein, in connection with the issuance of any new series of debt securities offered and sold hereunder. We refer to the base indenture, as amended and supplemented by each supplemental indenture applicable to a series of debt securities issued thereunder and offered hereby, as an “indenture.” We urge you to read the base indenture and relevant supplemental indenture because these documents, and not the summary below, will define your rights as a holder of debt securities. Capitalized terms used in the summary have the meanings specified in the indenture.
Specific Terms of Each Series of Debt Securities in the Prospectus Supplement
A prospectus supplement and a supplemental indenture relating to any series of debt securities covered by this registration statement will include specific terms relating to the offering. These terms will include some or all of the following:
| • | whether MPT Finance Corp. will be a co-issuer; |
| • | the guarantors of the debt securities; |
| • | the title of the debt securities; |
| • | the total principal amount of the debt securities; |
| • | the assets, if any, that are pledged as security for the payment of the debt securities; |
| • | whether we will issue the debt securities in individual certificates to each holder in registered form, or in the form of temporary or permanent global securities held by a depository on behalf of holders; |
| • | the prices at which we will issue the debt securities; |
| • | the portion of the principal amount that will be payable if the maturity of the debt securities is accelerated; |
| • | the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities will be payable, if not U.S. dollars; |
| • | the dates on which the principal of the debt securities will be payable; |
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| • | the interest rate that the debt securities will bear and the interest payment dates for the debt securities; |
| • | any optional redemption provisions; |
| • | any sinking fund or other provisions that would obligate us to repurchase or otherwise redeem the debt securities; |
| • | any changes to or additional events of default or covenants; and |
| • | any other terms of the debt securities. |
We may offer and sell debt securities, including original issue discount debt securities, at a substantial discount below their principal amount. The prospectus supplement will describe special U.S. federal income tax and any other considerations applicable to those securities. In addition, the prospectus supplement may describe certain special U.S. federal income tax or other considerations applicable to any debt securities that are denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars.
Guarantees
Parent will guarantee to each holder and the Trustee, on a joint and several basis, the full and prompt payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the debt securities of that series when and as the same become due and payable, whether at stated maturity, upon redemption or repurchase, by declaration of acceleration or otherwise. To the extent and subject to the conditions specified in the prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities, such debt securities may be guaranteed by some or all of Parent’s subsidiaries. The prospectus supplement will describe any limitation on the maximum amount of any particular guarantee and the conditions under which guarantees may be released. The guarantees will be general obligations of the Parent and any such subsidiaries.
Consolidation, Merger or Asset Sale
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement respecting a series of debt securities, each indenture will, in general, allow us to consolidate or merge with or into another entity, and also allow each Issuer to sell, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets to another entity, in each case, subject to certain conditions. If this happens, the remaining or acquiring entity must assume all of such Issuer’s responsibilities and liabilities under the indenture including the payment of all amounts due on the debt securities and performance of such Issuer’s covenants in the indenture.
No Protection in the Event of a Change of Control
Unless otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions that protect the holders of the debt securities in the event of a change of control of us or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction, whether or not such transaction results in a change of control of us.
Modification of Indentures
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement respecting a series of debt securities, the following description will apply to modifications of indentures.
We may supplement or amend the indenture if the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of all series issued under the indenture affected by the supplement or amendment consent to it. Further, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may waive past defaults under the indenture and compliance by us with our covenants with respect to the debt securities of that series only. Those holders may not, however, waive any default in any payment on any debt security of that series or compliance with a provision that cannot be supplemented or amended without the
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consent of each holder affected. Without the consent of each outstanding debt security affected, no modification of the indenture or waiver may:
| • | reduce the principal amount of debt securities whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver; |
| • | reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of any debt security; |
| • | reduce or waive the premium payable upon redemption or alter or waive the provisions with respect to the redemption of the debt securities (except as may be permitted in the case of a particular series of debt securities); |
| • | reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest on any debt security; |
| • | waive a Default or an Event of Default in the payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the debt securities (except a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities by the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration); |
| • | except as otherwise permitted under the indenture, release any security that may have been granted with respect to the debt securities; |
| • | make any debt security payable in currency other than that stated in the debt securities; |
| • | make any change in the provisions of the indenture relating to waivers of past Defaults or the rights of holders of debt securities to receive payments of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the debt securities; |
| • | waive a redemption payment with respect to any debt security (except as may be permitted in the case of a particular series of debt securities); |
| • | except as otherwise permitted in the indenture, release any guarantor from its obligations under its guarantee or the indenture or change any guarantee in any manner that would adversely affect the rights of holders; or |
| • | make any change in the preceding amendment, supplement and waiver provisions (except to increase any percentage set forth therein). |
We may supplement or amend the indenture without the consent of any holders of the debt securities in certain circumstances, including:
| • | to establish the form of terms of any series of debt securities; |
| • | to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency; |
| • | to provide for the assumption of an Issuer’s or guarantor’s obligations to holders of debt securities in the case of a merger or consolidation or disposition of all or substantially all of such Issuer’s or guarantor’s assets; |
| • | to add or release guarantors pursuant to the terms of the indenture; |
| • | to make any changes that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the holders of debt securities or that do not, taken as a whole, adversely affect the rights under the indenture of any holder of debt securities; |
| • | to evidence or provide for the acceptance of appointment under the indenture of a successor Trustee; |
| • | to add any additional Events of Default; or |
| • | to secure the debt securities and/or the guarantees. |
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Events of Default and Remedies
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement respecting a series of debt securities, the following description will apply to Events of Default and remedies under the indenture.
An “Event of Default,” when used in the indenture, will mean any of the following with respect to the debt securities of any series:
| • | failure to pay when due the principal of or any premium on any debt security of that series; |
| • | failure to pay, within 60 days of the due date, interest on any debt security of that series; |
| • | failure to pay when due any sinking fund payment with respect to any debt securities of that series; |
| • | failure on the part of the Issuers to comply with the covenant described under “—Consolidation, Merger or Asset Sale” of the indenture; |
| • | failure to perform any other covenant in the indenture that continues for 30 days after written notice is given to the Issuers; |
| • | certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of an Issuer; or |
| • | any other Event of Default provided under the terms of the debt securities of that series. |
An Event of Default for a particular series of debt securities will not necessarily constitute an Event of Default for any other series of debt securities issued under the indenture. The Trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any default (except in the payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest) if it considers such withholding of notice to be in the best interests of the holders.
If an Event of Default for any series of debt securities occurs and continues, the Trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of the series may declare the entire principal of, and accrued interest on, all the debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately. If this happens, subject to certain conditions, the holders of a majority in the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series can rescind the declaration.
Other than its duties in case of a default, the Trustee is not obligated to exercise any of its rights or powers under either indenture at the request, order or direction of any holders, unless the holders offer the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity. If they provide this reasonable security or indemnification, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of any series of debt securities may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding or any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any power conferred upon the Trustee, for that series of debt securities.
No Limit on Amount of Debt Securities
The indenture will not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue, unless we indicate otherwise in a prospectus supplement.
Registration of Debt Securities
We will issue debt securities of a series only in registered form, without coupons, unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement.
Minimum Denominations
Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, the debt securities will be issued only in principal amounts of $1,000 each or integral multiples of $1,000.
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No Personal Liability
The indenture provides that no recourse for the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any of the debt securities or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, and no recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of the Issuers or the guarantors in the indenture, or in any of the debt securities or guarantees or because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer, director, employee or controlling person of the Issuers or the guarantors or of any successor person thereof. Each holder, by accepting the debt securities, waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the debt securities.
Payment and Transfer
The Trustee will initially act as paying agent and registrar under the indenture. The Issuers may change the paying agent or registrar without prior notice to the holders of debt securities, and the Issuers or any of their subsidiaries may act as paying agent or registrar.
If a holder of debt securities has given wire transfer instructions to the Issuers, the Issuers will make all payments on the debt securities in accordance with those instructions. All other payments on the debt securities will be made at the corporate trust office of the Trustee, unless the Issuers elect to make interest payments by check mailed to the holders at their addresses set forth in the debt security register.
Exchange, Registration and Transfer
Debt securities of any series will be exchangeable for other debt securities of the same series, the same total principal amount and the same terms but in different authorized denominations in accordance with the indenture. Holders may present debt securities for exchange or registration of transfer at the office of the registrar. The registrar will effect the transfer or exchange when it is satisfied with the documents of title and identity of the person making the request. We will not charge a service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange of the debt securities. We may, however, require the payment of any tax or other governmental charge payable for that registration.
We will not be required:
| • | to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange debt securities of a series either during a period beginning 15 business days prior to the selection of debt securities of that series for redemption and ending on the close of business on the day of mailing of the relevant notice of redemption or repurchase, or between a record date and the next succeeding interest payment date; or |
| • | to register the transfer of or exchange any debt security called for redemption or repurchase, except the unredeemed portion of any debt security we are redeeming or repurchasing in part. |
Satisfaction and Discharge; Defeasance
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement respecting a series of debt securities, the following description will apply to the satisfaction and discharge and defeasance of the debt securities.
The indenture will be discharged and will cease to be of further effect as to all outstanding debt securities of any series issued thereunder, when:
| (a) | either |
| (1) | all outstanding debt securities of that series that have been authenticated (except lost, stolen or destroyed debt securities that have been replaced or paid and debt securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust and thereafter repaid to us) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or |
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| (2) | all outstanding debt securities of that series that have not been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation have become due and payable by reason of the giving of a notice of redemption or otherwise or will become due and payable at their stated maturity within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee and in any case we have irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable U.S. Government Obligations or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of interest, to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness of such debt securities not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of debt securities that have been due and payable) or the stated maturity or redemption date; |
| (b) | we have paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable by us under the indenture; and |
| (c) | we have delivered an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel to the Trustee stating that all conditions precedent to satisfaction and discharge have been satisfied. |
The debt securities of a particular series will be subject to legal or covenant defeasance to the extent, and upon the terms and conditions, set forth in the prospectus supplement.
Concerning the Trustee
The indenture provides that, except during the continuance of a Default, the trustee will not be liable, except for the performance of such duties as are specifically set forth in the indenture. If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee will use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise of the rights and powers vested in it under the indenture as a prudent person would exercise under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.
The indenture and provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 incorporated by reference into the indenture contain limitations on the rights of the trustee, should it become a creditor of an Issuer, to obtain payment of claims in certain cases or to realize on certain property received by it in respect of any such claims, as security or otherwise. The trustee is permitted to engage in other transactions; provided, however, that if it acquires any conflicting interest, it must eliminate such conflict or resign.
Governing Law
The indenture and all of the debt securities and guarantees will be governed by the laws of the State of New York.
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The following summary of the material provisions of the Company’s capital stock is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”), and the Company’s charter and bylaws. Copies of the Company’s charter and bylaws are on file with the SEC. We recommend that you review these documents. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”
Authorized Stock
The Company’s charter authorizes the Company to issue up to 750,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of May 30, 2025, the Company had 600,813,634 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding. The Company’s charter authorizes the Company’s board of directors to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares or the number of shares of any class or series without stockholder approval.
Common Stock
The Company may issue common stock from time to time. The Company’s board of directors must approve the amount of stock the Company sells and the price for which it is sold. All shares of the Company’s common stock, when issued, will be duly authorized, fully paid and nonassessable. This means that the full price for the Company’s outstanding common stock will have been paid at the time of issuance and that any holder of the Company’s common stock will not later be required to pay the Company any additional money for the common stock.
Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of the Company’s charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock discussed below under the caption “—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer,” holders of shares of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive dividends on such stock when, as and if authorized by the Company’s board of directors out of funds legally available therefore and declared by the Company and to share ratably in the assets of the Company legally available for distribution to the Company’s stockholders in the event of the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of or adequate provision for all known debts and liabilities of the Company, including the preferential rights on dissolution of any class or classes of preferred stock.
Subject to the provisions of the Company’s charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors and, except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of such shares will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of the Company’s board of directors. In uncontested elections, directors are elected by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes cast “for” and “against” each director nominee. In contested elections, directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Charter and Bylaws—Our Board of Directors.”
Holders of shares of the Company’s common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of the Company. Subject to the provisions of the Company’s charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, shares of the Company’s common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights.
Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside of the ordinary course of business unless approved by the corporation’s board of directors and by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser
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percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the corporation’s charter. The Company’s charter does not provide for a lesser percentage for these matters. However, Maryland law permits a corporation to transfer all or substantially all of its assets without the approval of the stockholders of the corporation to one or more persons if all of the equity interests of the person or persons are owned, directly or indirectly, by the corporation. Because operating assets may be held by a corporation’s subsidiaries, as in the Company’s situation, this may mean that a subsidiary of a corporation can transfer all of its assets without a vote of the corporation’s stockholders.
The Company’s charter authorizes the Company’s board of directors to reclassify any unissued shares of the Company’s common stock into other classes or series of classes of stock and to establish the number of shares in each class or series and to set the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption for each such class or series.
Preferred Stock
The Company’s charter authorizes the Company’s board of directors to classify any unissued shares of preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of any series. The preferred stock, when issued, will be duly authorized, fully paid and nonassessable and will have no preemptive rights. Prior to issuance of shares of each series, the Company’s board of directors is required by the MGCL and the Company’s charter to set the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each such series. Thus, the Company’s board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price for holders of the Company’s common stock or which holders might believe to otherwise be in their best interest.
Power to Increase Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of the Company’s Common Stock and Preferred Stock
The Company believes that the power of the Company’s board of directors, without stockholder approval, to increase the number of authorized shares of stock, issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of the Company’s common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause the Company to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide the Company with flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional classes or series, as well as the common stock, will be available for issuance without further action by the Company’s stockholders, unless stockholder consent is required by applicable law or the rules of any national securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Company’s securities may be listed or traded.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
In order for the Company to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the “Code”, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of the Company’s stock may be owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made by the Company). In addition, if the Company, or one or more owners (actually or constructively) of 10% or more of the Company’s stock, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of a tenant of the Company’s (or a tenant of any partnership in which the Company is a partner), the rent received by the Company (either directly or through any such partnership) from such tenant will not be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests of the Code. The Company’s stock must also be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made by the Company).
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The Company’s charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of the Company’s capital stock that are intended to assist the Company in complying with these requirements and continuing to qualify as a REIT. The relevant sections of its charter provide that, effective upon completion of the Company’s initial public offering and subject to the exceptions described below, no person or persons acting as a group may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than (1) 9.8% of the number or value, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock or (2) 9.8% of the number or value, whichever is more restrictive, of the issued and outstanding preferred or other shares of any class or series of the Company’s stock. We refer to this restriction as the “ownership limit”. The ownership limit in the Company’s charter is more restrictive than the restrictions on ownership of the Company’s common stock imposed by the Code.
The ownership attribution rules under the Code are complex and may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals or entities to be owned constructively by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of the Company’s common stock (or the acquisition of an interest in an entity that owns, actually or constructively, the Company’s common stock) by an individual or entity could nevertheless cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own constructively in excess of 9.8% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and thereby subject the common stock to the ownership limit.
The Company’s board of directors may, in its sole discretion, prospectively or retroactively waive the ownership limit with respect to one or more stockholders if it determines that such ownership in excess of the ownership limit would not result in the Company being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year) or otherwise jeopardize the Company’s status as a REIT (for example, by causing any tenant of the Company to be considered a “related party tenant” for purposes of the REIT qualification rules).
As a condition of the Company’s waiver, the Company’s board of directors may require an opinion of counsel or Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, ruling satisfactory to the Company’s board of directors and representations or undertakings from the applicant with respect to preserving our REIT status.
In connection with the waiver of the ownership limit or at any other time, the Company’s board of directors may decrease the ownership limit for all other persons and entities; provided, however, that the decreased ownership limit will not be effective for any person or entity whose percentage ownership in the Company’s capital stock is in excess of such decreased ownership limit until such time as such person or entity’s percentage of the Company’s capital stock equals or falls below the decreased ownership limit, but any further acquisition of the Company’s capital stock in excess of such percentage ownership of the Company’s capital stock will be in violation of the ownership limit. Additionally, the new ownership limit may not allow five or fewer “individuals” (as defined for purposes of the REIT ownership restrictions under the Code) to beneficially own more than 49.5% of the value of the Company’s outstanding capital stock.
The Company’s charter generally prohibits:
| • | any person from actually or constructively owning shares of the Company’s capital stock that would result in the Company being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code; and |
| • | any person from transferring shares of the Company’s capital stock if such transfer would result in shares of the Company’s stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution). |
Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of the Company’s common stock that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will be required to give notice immediately to the Company and provide the Company with such other information as the Company may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer on the Company’s status as a REIT. The foregoing provisions on transferability and ownership will not apply if the Company’s
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board of directors determines that it is no longer in the Company’s best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
Pursuant to the Company’s charter, if any purported transfer of the Company’s capital stock or any other event would otherwise result in any person violating the ownership limit or the other restrictions in the Company’s charter, then any such purported transfer will be void and of no force or effect with respect to the purported transferee or owner, or the purported owner, as to that number of shares in excess of the ownership limit (rounded up to the nearest whole share). The number of shares in excess of the ownership limit will be automatically transferred to, and held by, a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable organizations selected by the Company. The trustee of the trust will be designated by the Company and must be unaffiliated with the Company and with any purported owner. The automatic transfer will be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the violative transfer or other event that results in a transfer to the trust. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the purported owner, prior to the Company’s discovery that the shares had been automatically transferred to a trust as described above, must be repaid to the trustee upon demand for distribution to the beneficiary of the trust and all dividends and other distributions paid by the Company with respect to such “excess” shares prior to the sale by the trustee of such shares shall be paid to the trustee for the beneficiary. If the transfer to the trust as described above is not automatically effective, for any reason, to prevent violation of the applicable ownership limit, then the Company’s charter provides that the transfer of the excess shares will be void. Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that such excess shares have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall have the authority (at the trustee’s sole discretion and subject to applicable law) (1) to rescind as void any vote cast by a purported owner prior to the Company’s discovery that such shares have been transferred to the trust and (2) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the beneficiary of the trust, provided that if the Company has already taken irreversible action, then the trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote.
Shares of the Company’s capital stock transferred to the trustee are deemed offered for sale to the Company, or the Company’s designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (1) the price paid by the purported owner for the shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares of the Company’s capital stock at market price, the market price on the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares of the Company’s capital stock to the trust) and (2) the market price on the date the Company, or the Company’s designee, accepts such offer. The Company has the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of the Company’s capital stock held in the trust pursuant to the provisions discussed below. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold terminates and the trustee must distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the purported owner and any dividends or other distributions held by the trustee with respect to such capital stock will be paid to the charitable beneficiary.
If the Company does not buy the shares, the trustee must, within 20 days of receiving notice from the Company of the transfer of shares to the trust, sell the shares to a person or entity designated by the trustee who could own the shares without violating the ownership limit. After that, the trustee must distribute to the purported owner an amount equal to the lesser of (1) the net price paid by the purported owner for the shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares at market price, the market price on the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares of our capital stock to the trust) and (2) the net sales proceeds received by the trust for the shares. Any proceeds in excess of the amount distributable to the purported owner will be distributed to the beneficiary.
All persons who own, directly or by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than 5% (or such other percentage as provided in the regulations promulgated under the Code) of the lesser of the number or value of the shares of the Company’s outstanding capital stock must give written notice to the Company within 30 days after the end of each calendar year. In addition, each stockholder will, upon demand, be required to disclose to the Company in writing such information with respect to the direct, indirect and constructive ownership of shares of the Company’s stock as the Company’s board of directors deems reasonably necessary to comply with the
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provisions of the Code applicable to a REIT, to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine any such compliance.
All certificates representing shares of the Company’s capital stock will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
These ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of the Company that might involve a premium price over the then prevailing market price for the holders of some, or a majority, of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock or which such holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interest.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s common stock is Equiniti Trust Company, LLC.
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CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF THE COMPANY’S CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The following summary of certain provisions of the MGCL and of the Company’s charter and bylaws does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, reference to the MGCL and the Company’s charter and bylaws. Copies of the Company’s charter and bylaws are on file with the SEC. We recommend that you review these documents. See “Where You Can Find More Information”.
Board of Directors
The Company’s charter and bylaws provide that the number of the Company’s directors is to be established by the Company’s board of directors but may not be fewer than one nor, under the MGCL, more than 15. Currently, the Company’s board is comprised of nine directors. Any vacancy, other than one resulting from an increase in the number of directors, may be filled, at any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, by a majority of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum. Any vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of the Company’s directors must be filled by a majority of the entire board of directors. A director elected to fill a vacancy is elected to serve until the next election of directors and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies.
Pursuant to the Company’s charter and bylaws, each member of the Company’s board of directors is elected until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Holders of shares of the Company’s common stock have no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders, all of the members of the Company’s board of directors will stand for election and the Company’s directors will be elected by a majority of votes cast in uncontested elections and by a plurality of votes cast in contested elections. Directors may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors.
Business Combinations
Maryland law prohibits “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, certain transfers of assets, certain stock issuances and reclassifications. Maryland law defines an interested stockholder as:
| • | any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s voting stock; or |
| • | an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder if the board of directors approves in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving the transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board of directors.
After the five year prohibition, any business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
| • | 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the then outstanding shares of voting stock; and |
| • | two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the voting stock other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or shares held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. |
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These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are approved by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.
As permitted by Maryland law, the Company’s charter includes a provision excluding the Company from these provisions of the MGCL and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between the Company and any interested stockholder of the Company’s unless the Company later amends its charter, with stockholder approval, to modify or eliminate this exclusion provision. We believe that the Company’s ownership restrictions will substantially reduce the risk that a stockholder would become an “interested stockholder” within the meaning of the Maryland business combination statute. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will not opt into the business combination provisions of the MGCL at a future date, subject to stockholder approval as required under the MGCL and the Company’s charter.
Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that a holder of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” has no voting rights with respect to the control shares, except to the extent approved at a special meeting by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquiror or by officers or directors who are the Company’s employees are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. “Control shares” are voting shares which, if aggregated with all other shares previously acquired by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy, would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (i) one-tenth or more but less than one-third, (ii) one-third or more but less than a majority, or (iii) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay expenses, may compel a corporation’s board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders’ meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by Maryland law, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved, for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders’ meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of a majority of the voting power, then all other stockholders are entitled to demand and receive fair value for their stock, or provided for in the “dissenters” rights provisions of the MGCL may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply (i) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (ii) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
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The Company’s charter contains a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of the Company’s stock. There can be no assurance that the Company will not opt into the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL in the future, subject to stockholder approval as required under the MGCL and the Company’s charter.
Maryland Unsolicited Takeover Act
The Maryland Unsolicited Takeover Act (“MUTA”) also permits Maryland corporations that are subject to the Exchange Act and have at least three outside directors to elect, by resolution of the board of directors or by provision in its charter or bylaws and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to be subject to any or all of the following corporate governance provisions:
| • | the board of directors may classify itself without the vote of stockholders. A board of directors classified in that manner cannot be altered by amendment to the charter of the corporation; |
| • | a special meeting of the stockholders will be called only at the request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting; |
| • | the board of directors may reserve for itself the right to fix the number of directors and to fill vacancies created by the death, removal or resignation of a director; |
| • | a director may be removed only by the vote of the holders of two-thirds of the stock entitled to vote; and |
| • | provide that all vacancies on the board of directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred. |
A board of directors may implement all or any of these provisions without amending the charter or bylaws and without stockholder approval. If implemented, these provisions could discourage offers to acquire a company’s stock and could increase the difficulty of completing an offer. The Company has opted out of MUTA in its charter and may not opt back in without stockholder approval.
Amendment to the Company’s Charter
Pursuant to the MGCL, the Company’s charter may be amended only if declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except that the Company’s board of directors is able, without stockholder approval, to amend the Company’s charter to change the Company’s corporate name or the name or designation or par value of any class or series of stock.
Dissolution of the Company
A voluntary dissolution of the Company must be declared advisable by a majority of the entire board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
The Company’s bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, the only business to be considered and the only proposals to be acted upon will be those properly brought before the annual meeting:
| • | by, or at the direction of, a majority of the Company’s board of directors; or |
| • | by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in the Company’s bylaws or otherwise in accordance with certain related provisions of the Exchange Act. |
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With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in the Company’s notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of stockholders unless otherwise provided by law.
Nominations of persons for election to the Company’s board of directors at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be made only:
| • | by, or at the direction of, the Company’s board of directors; or |
| • | by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in the Company’s bylaws or otherwise in accordance with certain related provisions of the Exchange Act. |
Generally, under the Company’s bylaws, a stockholder seeking to nominate a director or bring other business before the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders must deliver a notice to the Company’s secretary not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice to stockholders for the prior year’s annual meeting. For a stockholder seeking to nominate a candidate for the Company’s board of directors, the notice must describe various matters regarding the nominee, including name, address, occupation and number of shares of common stock held, and other specified matters. For a stockholder seeking to propose other business, the notice must include a description of the proposed business, the reasons for the proposal and other specified matters.
Proxy Access
The Company’s bylaws contain proxy access provisions that permit a stockholder, or group of no more than 20 stockholders, meeting specified eligibility requirements, to include director nominees in the Company’s proxy materials for annual meetings of its stockholders. In order to be eligible to utilize these proxy access provisions, a stockholder, or group of stockholders, must, among other requirements:
| • | have owned shares of common stock equal to at least 3% of the aggregate of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of the Company continuously for at least the prior three (3) years; |
| • | represent that such shares were acquired in the ordinary course of business and not with the intent to change or influence control at the Company and that such stockholder or group does not presently have such intent; and |
| • | provide a notice requesting the inclusion of director nominees in the Company’s proxy materials and provide other required information to the Company not earlier than 120 days nor later than 90 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice for the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders (with adjustments if the date for the upcoming annual meeting of stockholders is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the anniversary date of the prior year’s annual meeting). |
Additionally, all director nominees submitted through these provisions must be independent and meet specified additional criteria, and stockholders will not be entitled to utilize this proxy access right at an annual meeting if the Company receives notice through its traditional advanced notice by-law provisions that a stockholder intends to nominate a director at such meeting. The maximum number of director nominees that may be submitted pursuant to these provisions may not exceed 20% of the number of directors then in office.
Indemnification and Limitation of Directors and Officers Liability
The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. The Company’s charter limits the personal liability of the Company’s directors and officers for monetary damages to the fullest extent
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permitted under current Maryland law, and the Company’s charter and bylaws provide that a director or officer shall be indemnified to the fullest extent required or permitted by Maryland law from and against any claim or liability to which such director or officer may become subject by reason of his or her status as a director or officer of the Company. Maryland law allows directors and officers to be indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements, and expenses actually incurred in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service on those or other capacities, unless the following can be established:
| • | the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| • | the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| • | with respect to any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe his or her act or omission was unlawful. |
The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which the Company’s charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any claim to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity.
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of:
| • | a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and |
| • | a written undertaking by the director or on the director’s behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director did not meet the standard of conduct. |
The Company’s charter authorizes the Company to obligate itself to indemnify and the Company’s bylaws do obligate the Company, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:
| • | any present or former director or officer who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or |
| • | any individual who, while a director or officer of the Company and at the Company’s request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee of such corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. |
The Company’s charter and bylaws also permit the Company to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of the Company’s in any of the capacities described above.
The Company’s stockholders have no personal liability for indemnification payments or other obligations under any indemnification agreements or arrangements. However, indemnification could reduce the legal remedies available to us and the Company’s stockholders against the indemnified individuals.
This provision for indemnification of the Company’s directors and officers does not limit a stockholder’s ability to obtain injunctive relief or other equitable remedies for a violation of a director’s or an officer’s duties to the Company or to the Company’s stockholders, although these equitable remedies may not be effective in some circumstances.
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In addition to any indemnification to which the Company’s directors and officers are entitled pursuant to the Company’s charter and bylaws and the MGCL, the Company’s charter and bylaws provide that, with the approval of the Company’s board of directors, the Company may indemnify other employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted under Maryland law, whether they are serving the Company or, at the Company’s request, any other entity. The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of the Company’s directors and executive officers, and the Company maintains a directors and officers liability insurance policy. Although the form of the indemnification agreement offers substantially the same scope of coverage afforded by provisions in the Company’s charter and bylaws, it provides greater assurance to the directors and officers that indemnification will be available, because, as a contract, it cannot be modified unilaterally in the future by the board of directors or by stockholders to eliminate the rights it provides.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, the Company has been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT OF THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP
We have summarized the material terms and provisions of the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership, as amended (the “partnership agreement”). This summary is not complete. For more detail, you should refer to the partnership agreement itself, a copy of which has previously been filed with the SEC and which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplements. See “Where You Can Find More Information”.
Management of the Operating Partnership
The Operating Partnership was organized as a Delaware limited partnership on September 10, 2003. The initial partnership agreement was entered into on that date and was last amended and restated on July 31, 2007. Pursuant to the partnership agreement, as the sole equity owner of the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, Medical Properties Trust, LLC, the Company has, subject to certain protective rights of limited partners (there were no third-party limited partners at December 31, 2024) described below, full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in the management and control of the Operating Partnership. The Company has the power to cause the Operating Partnership to enter into certain major transactions, including acquisitions, dispositions, refinancings and selection of tenants, and to cause changes in the Operating Partnership’s line of business and distribution policies. However, any amendment to the partnership agreement that would affect the redemption rights of the limited partners or otherwise adversely affect the rights of the limited partners requires the consent of limited partners, other than the Company, holding more than 50% of the units of the Company’s operating partnership held by such partners.
Transferability of Interests
The Company may not voluntarily withdraw from the Operating Partnership or transfer or assign the Company’s interest in the Operating Partnership or engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination, or sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets, in a transaction which results in a change of control of the Company unless:
| • | the Company receives the consent of limited partners holding more than 50% of the partnership interests of the limited partners, other than those held by the Company or its subsidiaries; |
| • | as a result of such transaction, all limited partners will have the right to receive for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal in value to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid in the transaction to a holder of one share of our common stock, provided that if, in connection with the transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, each holder of partnership units shall be given the option to exchange its partnership units for the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property that a limited partner would have received had it (1) exercised its redemption right (described below) and (2) sold, tendered or exchanged pursuant to the offer shares of the Company’s common stock received upon exercise of the redemption right immediately prior to the expiration of the offer; or |
| • | the Company is the surviving entity in the transaction and either (1) the Company’s stockholders do not receive cash, securities or other property in the transaction or (2) all limited partners receive for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities or other property having a value that is no less than the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property received in the transaction by the Company’s stockholders. |
The Company also may merge with or into or consolidate with another entity if immediately after such merger or consolidation (1) substantially all of the assets of the successor or surviving entity, other than partnership units held by the Company, are contributed, directly or indirectly, to the partnership as a capital contribution in exchange for partnership units with a fair market value equal to the value of the assets so
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contributed as determined by the survivor in good faith and (2) the survivor expressly agrees to assume all of the Company’s obligations under the partnership agreement and the partnership agreement shall be amended after any such merger or consolidation so as to arrive at a new method of calculating the amounts payable upon exercise of the redemption right that approximates the existing method for such calculation as closely as reasonably possible.
The Company also may (1) transfer all or any portion of the Company’s general partnership interest to (A) a wholly-owned subsidiary or (B) a parent company, and following such transfer may withdraw as general partner and (2) engage in a transaction required by law or by the rules of any national securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Company’s securities may be listed or traded.
Capital Contribution
The Company contributed the net proceeds of the Company’s April 2004 private placement and subsequent public offerings as capital contributions in exchange for units of the Operating Partnership. The partnership agreement provides that if the Operating Partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of funds available to the Operating Partnership from borrowing or capital contributions, the Company may borrow such funds from a financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to the Operating Partnership on the same terms and conditions as are applicable to the Company’s borrowing of such funds. Under the partnership agreement, the Company is obligated to contribute the proceeds of any offering of shares of the Company’s stock as additional capital to the Operating Partnership. The Company is authorized to cause the Operating Partnership to issue partnership interests for less than fair market value if the Company has concluded in good faith that such issuance is in both the Operating Partnership’s and the Company’s best interests. If the Company contributes additional capital to the Operating Partnership, the Company will receive additional partnership units and the Company’s percentage interest will be increased on a proportionate basis based upon the amount of such additional capital contributions and the value of the Operating Partnership at the time of such contributions. Conversely, the percentage interests of the limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis in the event of additional capital contributions by the Company. In addition, if the Company contributes additional capital to the Operating Partnership, the Company will revalue the property of the Operating Partnership to its fair market value, as determined by the Company, and the capital accounts of the partners will be adjusted to reflect the manner in which the unrealized gain or loss inherent in such property, that has not been reflected in the capital accounts previously, would be allocated among the partners under the terms of the partnership agreement if there were a taxable disposition of such property for its fair market value, as determined by us, on the date of the revaluation. The Operating Partnership may issue preferred partnership interests, in connection with acquisitions of property or otherwise, which could have priority over common partnership interests with respect to distributions from the Operating Partnership, including the partnership interests that the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary owns as general partner.
Redemption Rights
Pursuant to Section 8.04 of the partnership agreement, the limited partners, other than the Company, will receive redemption rights, which will enable them to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem their limited partnership units in exchange for cash or, at the Company’s option, shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment for stock splits, dividends, recapitalization and similar events. Under Section 8.04 of the partnership agreement, holders of limited partnership units will be prohibited from exercising their redemption rights for 12 months after they are issued, unless this waiting period is waived or shortened by the Company’s board of directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a limited partner will not be entitled to exercise its redemption rights if the delivery of common stock to the redeeming limited partner would:
| • | result in any person owning, directly or indirectly, common stock in excess of the stock ownership limit in the Company’s charter; |
| • | result in the Company’s shares of stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution); |
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| • | cause the Company to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant of the Company’s or the partnership’s real property, within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code; or |
| • | cause the acquisition of common stock by such redeeming limited partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of common stock for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act. |
The Company may, in its sole and absolute discretion, waive any of these restrictions.
With respect to the partnership units issuable in connection with the acquisition or development of our facilities, the redemption rights may be exercised by the limited partners at any time after the first anniversary of our acquisition of these facilities; provided, however, unless the Company otherwise agrees:
| • | a limited partner may not exercise the redemption right for fewer than 1,000 partnership units or, if such limited partner holds fewer than 1,000 partnership units, the limited partner must redeem all of the partnership units held by such limited partner; |
| • | a limited partner may not exercise the redemption right for more than the number of partnership units that would, upon redemption, result in such limited partner or any other person owning, directly or indirectly, common stock in excess of the ownership limitation in the Company’s charter; and |
| • | a limited partner may not exercise the redemption right more than two times annually. |
The number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redemption rights will be adjusted to account for stock splits, mergers, consolidations or similar pro rata stock transactions.
The partnership agreement requires that the Operating Partnership be operated in a manner that enables the Company to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT, to avoid any federal income or excise tax liability imposed by the Code (other than any federal income tax liability associated with our retained capital gains) and to ensure that the partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” taxable as a corporation under Section 7704 of the Code.
In addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the Operating Partnership, the Operating Partnership generally will pay all of the Company’s administrative costs and expenses, including:
| • | all expenses relating to the Company’s continuity of existence; |
| • | all expenses relating to offerings and registration of securities; |
| • | all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any of the Company’s periodic reports under federal, state or local laws or regulations; |
| • | all expenses associated with the Company’s compliance with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body; and |
| • | all of the Company’s other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of business on behalf of the Operating Partnership. |
Distributions
The partnership agreement provides that the Operating Partnership will distribute cash from operations, including net sale or refinancing proceeds, but excluding net proceeds from the sale of the Operating Partnership’s property in connection with the liquidation of the Operating Partnership, at such time and in such amounts as determined by the Company in its sole discretion, to the Company and the limited partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the Operating Partnership.
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Upon liquidation of the Operating Partnership, after payment of, or adequate provision for, debts and obligations of the partnership, including any partner loans, any remaining assets of the partnership will be distributed to the Company and the limited partners with positive capital accounts in accordance with their respective positive capital account balances.
Allocations
Profits and losses of the partnership, including depreciation and amortization deductions, for each fiscal year generally are allocated to the Company and the limited partners in accordance with the respective percentage interests in the partnership. All of the foregoing allocations are subject to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder. The Operating Partnership expects to use the “traditional method” under Section 704(c) of the Code for allocating items with respect to contributed property acquired in connection with the offering for which the fair market value differs from the adjusted tax basis at the time of contribution.
Term
The Operating Partnership will have perpetual existence, or until sooner dissolved upon:
| • | the Company’s bankruptcy, dissolution, removal or withdrawal, unless the limited partners elect to continue the partnership; |
| • | the passage of 90 days after the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the partnership; or |
| • | an election by the Company in its capacity as the owner of the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. |
Tax Matters
Through the Company’s ownership of the general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company has authority to make tax elections under the Code on behalf of the Operating Partnership.
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U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
This section summarizes the current material federal income tax consequences to Medical Properties and the Operating Partnership generally resulting from the treatment of Medical Properties as a REIT. Because this section is a general summary, it does not address all of the potential tax issues that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances. Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz, P.C., or Baker Donelson, has acted as our counsel, has reviewed this summary and is of the opinion that the discussion contained herein fairly summarizes the federal income tax consequences that are material to a holder of our common stock. The discussion does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular securityholders in light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types of securityholders that are subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, financial institutions or broker-dealers, partnerships and non-United States individuals and foreign corporations.
The statements in this section of the opinion of Baker Donelson, referred to as the Tax Opinion, are based on the current federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT. We cannot assure you that new laws, interpretations of law or court decisions, any of which may take effect retroactively, will not cause any statement in this section to be inaccurate. You should be aware that opinions of counsel are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), and no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge the conclusions set forth in those opinions.
This section is not a substitute for careful tax planning, nor does it constitute tax advice. We urge you to consult your tax advisors regarding the specific federal, state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences to you, in the light of your particular circumstances, of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock, our election to be taxed as a REIT and the effect of potential changes in applicable tax laws.
Taxation of Our Company
We were previously taxed as a subchapter S corporation. We revoked our subchapter S election on April 6, 2004 and we have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with our taxable year that began on April 6, 2004 and ended on December 31, 2004. In connection with this prospectus, our REIT counsel, Baker Donelson, has opined that, for federal income tax purposes, we are and have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification to be taxed as a REIT under the Code commencing with our initial short taxable year ended December 31, 2004, and that our current and proposed method of operations as described in this prospectus and as represented to our counsel by us satisfies currently, and will enable us to continue to satisfy in the future, the requirements for such qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for future taxable years. This opinion, however, is based on factual assumptions and representations made by us to Baker Donelson concerning our organization, our proposed ownership and operations, and other matters relating to our ability to qualify as a REIT and is expressly conditioned upon the accuracy of such assumptions and representations.
We believe that our proposed future method of operation will enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, no assurances can be given that our beliefs or expectations will be fulfilled, as such qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, for each taxable year, various tests imposed under the Code as discussed below. Those qualification tests involve the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that falls within specified categories, the diversity of our stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Baker Donelson will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, with respect to our current and future taxable years, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operation will satisfy such requirements. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to maintain our qualification as a REIT, see “—Requirements for Qualification—Failure to Qualify”.
The sections of the Code relating to qualification and operation as a REIT, and the federal income taxation of a REIT and its stockholders, are highly technical and complex. The following discussion sets forth only the material aspects of those sections. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions and the related rules and regulations.
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We generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the taxable income that we currently distribute to our stockholders. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids the “double taxation”, or taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that generally results from owning stock in a corporation. However, we will be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:
| • | We are subject to the corporate federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders during, or within a specified time period after, the calendar year in which the income is earned. |
| • | We are subject to tax, at the highest corporate rate, on: |
| • | net gain from the sale or other disposition of property acquired through foreclosure (“foreclosure property”) that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business (provided that we have elected to treat “foreclosure property” as such under the Treasury Regulations), and |
| • | other “non-qualifying” income (as described below) from foreclosure property. |
| • | We are subject to a 100% tax on net income from sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property described above, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, unless the gain is realized in a TRS or such property has been held by us for at least two years an certain other requirements are satisfied. |
| • | If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below under “—Requirements for Qualification—Gross Income Tests”, but nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet other requirements, we will be subject to a 100% tax on: |
| • | the greater of (1) the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test, or (2) the amount by which we fail the 95% gross income test multiplied by |
| • | a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. |
| • | If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum of: (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year and (3) any undistributed taxable income from earlier periods, then we will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of the amount we actually distributed plus the amounts we retained and upon which we paid income tax at the corporate level. |
| • | If we fail any of the assets tests (other than a de minimis failure of the 5% or 10% asset tests) due to reasonable cause, and we maintain our REIT status because of certain cure provisions, we will be required to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest federal corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets that caused us to fail the test. |
| • | If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification during a taxable year, other than a gross income test or an asset test and such failure is due to reasonable cause, we may retain our REIT qualification if we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. |
| • | We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a United States stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to the extent that we make a timely designation of such gain to the stockholder) and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid, with an adjustment made to increase the stockholder’s basis in our stock by the difference between (i) the amount of capital gain included in income and (ii) the amount of tax deemed paid by the stockholder. |
| • | We will be required to pay a 100% tax on any redetermined rents, redetermined deductions, excess interest, and redetermined TRS service income. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of services furnished by one of our TRSs. Redetermined deductions and excess |
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| interest generally represent amounts that are deducted by a TRS that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted by a TRS for amounts paid based on arm’s-length negotiations. |
| • | We may be subject to a 100% excise tax on certain transactions with a taxable REIT subsidiary that are not conducted at arm’s-length. |
| • | If we acquire any asset from a “C corporation” (that is, a corporation generally subject to the full corporate-level tax) in a transaction in which the basis of the asset in our hands is determined by reference to the basis of the asset in the hands of the C corporation, and we recognize gain on the disposition of the asset during the 5-year period beginning on the date that we acquired the asset, then the asset’s “built-in” gain will be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate. |
| • | The earnings of our TRSs will generally be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax. |
No assurance can be given that the amount of any such U.S. federal income taxes will not be substantial. In addition, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes, including payroll taxes and state, local and non-U.S. income, property and other taxes on assets and operations. We could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
Requirements for Qualification
To continue to qualify as a REIT, we must meet various (1) organizational requirements, (2) gross income tests, (3) asset tests, and (4) annual distribution requirements.
Organizational Requirements. A REIT is a corporation, trust or association that meets each of the following requirements:
| (1) | it is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
| (2) | its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable stock, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
| (3) | it would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for its election to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code; |
| (4) | it is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to special provisions of the federal income tax laws; |
| (5) | at least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its stock or ownership certificates (determined without reference to any rules of attribution); |
| (6) | not more than 50% in value of its outstanding stock or ownership certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, which the federal income tax laws define to include certain entities, during the last half of any taxable year; and |
| (7) | it elects to be a REIT or has made such election for a previous taxable year, which election has not been revoked or terminated, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status. |
We must meet requirements one through four during our entire taxable year and must meet requirement five during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining information concerning the ownership of our outstanding stock in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we violated requirement six, we will be deemed to have satisfied requirement six for that taxable year. We did not have to satisfy requirements five and six for our taxable year ending December 31, 2004. After the issuance of common stock pursuant to our April 2004 private placement, we had issued common stock with enough diversity of ownership to satisfy requirements five and six as set forth above. Our charter provides for restrictions regarding the ownership and transfer of our
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shares of common stock so that we should continue to satisfy these requirements. The provisions of our charter restricting the ownership and transfer of our shares of common stock are described in “Description of Capital Stock—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer”.
For purposes of determining stock ownership under requirement six, an “individual” generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An “individual”, however, generally does not include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit-sharing trust under the federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding our shares in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of requirement six.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries and Disregarded Entities. A corporation that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary”, or QRS, is not treated as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a QRS are treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the REIT. A QRS is a corporation other than a “taxable REIT subsidiary” as described below, all of the capital stock of which is owned by the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described herein, any QRS that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction and credit of such subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit.
An unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners that is eligible to elect its tax classification under Treasury Regulation Section 301.7701-3 but does not make such an election is generally treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership that has other partners, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. We treat our operating partnership as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of income of the operating partnership and any other partnership, joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we acquire an interest, directly or indirectly, is treated as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification requirements.
A REIT is permitted to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more “taxable REIT subsidiaries” or TRSs. We have formed and made taxable REIT subsidiary elections with respect to MPT Development Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation formed in January 2004 (“MPT TRS”) and MPT Finance Corporation, Inc., a Delaware corporation formed in April 2011 and other entities taxable as corporations and may from time to time make TRS elections for other entities (all such TRS entities collectively with MPT TRS and MPT Finance Corporation, Inc., our “TRSs”). We have also formed, and may form in the future, limited liability companies or other entities wholly-owned by our TRSs which are disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a fully taxable corporation that may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. Generally, the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly file an election with the IRS to treat the subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary will pay income tax at regular corporate rates on any income that it earns. Further, the rules impose a 100% excise tax on certain types of transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT or the REIT’s tenants that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. We may engage in activities indirectly through a taxable REIT subsidiary as necessary or convenient to avoid obtaining the benefit of income or services that would jeopardize our REIT status if we engaged in the activities directly. In particular, we would likely engage in activities through a taxable REIT subsidiary if we wished to provide services to unrelated parties which might produce income that does not qualify under the gross income tests described below. We might also engage in otherwise prohibited transactions through a taxable REIT subsidiary. See description below under “—Requirements for Qualification—Prohibited Transactions”. A taxable REIT subsidiary may not operate or manage a health care facility, though a health care facility leased to a taxable REIT subsidiary from a REIT may be operated on behalf of the taxable REIT subsidiary by an eligible independent contractor. For purposes of this definition a “health care facility” means a hospital, nursing facility, assisted living facility, congregate care facility, qualified continuing care facility, or
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other licensed facility which extends medical or nursing or ancillary services to patients and which is operated by a service provider which is eligible for participation in the Medicare program under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act with respect to such facility. One of our TRSs which has since been dissolved, MPT Covington TRS, Inc., was formed specifically for the purpose of leasing a health care facility from us, subleasing that facility to an entity in which it owned an equity interest, and having that facility operated by an eligible independent contractor. We obtained a private letter ruling (the “Covington Letter Ruling”), from the IRS holding that ownership of the equity interest and the operation of the facility in accordance with the agreements among the parties would not adversely affect the taxable REIT subsidiary status of MPT Covington TRS. We have structured other transactions in which a TRS owns an indirect equity interest in a tenant entity in a similar manner, including with the operating subsidiaries of Capella Healthcare, Inc. (“Capella”) which we disposed of in 2016, Ernest Health, Inc. (“Ernest”), which we disposed of during 2018, and Springstone Health Opco, LLC (“Springstone”), which we disposed of in 2024. All the health care facilities that were the subject of those leases were operated and managed by an eligible independent contractor in a manner similar to the structure used in the Covington Letter Ruling. We may structure future transactions in a similar manner. In addition, one of our TRSs owns a greater than 10% equity interest in an international joint venture which indirectly owns health care facilities in Colombia and all such facilities are operated and managed by an eligible independent contractor.
Gross Income Tests. We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, discharge of indebtedness and certain other items described below) must consist of defined types of income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or qualified temporary investment income. Qualifying income for purposes of that 75% gross income test generally includes:
| • | rents from real property as described below; |
| • | interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property; |
| • | dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of, shares in other REITs; |
| • | gain from the sale of real estate assets; |
| • | income derived from the temporary investment of new capital that is attributable to the issuance of our shares of common stock or a public offering of our debt with a maturity date of at least five years and that we receive during the one-year period beginning on the date on which we received such new capital; and |
| • | gross income from foreclosure property. |
Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, discharge of indebtedness and certain other items described below) must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of interest and dividends or gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities. Gross income from our sale of any property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is excluded from both the numerator and the denominator in both income tests. In addition, income, and gain from “hedging transactions” that we enter into to hedge certain risks, such as indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, and that are clearly and timely identified as such also will be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of the 95% gross income test and the 75% gross income test provided that all specified requirements are met. Passive foreign exchange gain is excluded from the 95% gross income test and real estate foreign exchange gain is excluded from both the 95% and the 75% gross income tests. The following paragraphs discuss the specific application of the gross income tests to us.
The Secretary of the Treasury is given broad authority to determine whether particular items of gain or income qualify or not under the 75% and 95% gross income tests or are to be excluded from the measure of gross income for such purposes.
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Rents from Real Property. Rent that we receive from our real property will qualify as “rents from real property”, which is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, only if the following conditions are met.
First, the rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. Participating rent, however, will qualify as “rents from real property” if it is based on percentages of receipts or sales and the percentages:
| • | are fixed at the time the leases are entered into; |
| • | are not renegotiated during the term of the leases in a manner that has the effect of basing rent on income or profits; and |
| • | conform with normal business practice. |
More generally, the rent will not qualify as “rents from real property” if, considering the relevant lease and all the surrounding circumstances, the arrangement does not conform with normal business practice, but is in reality used as a means of basing the rent on income or profits. We have represented to Baker Donelson that we intend to set and accept rents which are fixed dollar amounts or a fixed percentage of gross revenue, and not determined to any extent by reference to any person’s income or profits, in compliance with the rules above.
Second, we must not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the stock or the assets or net profits of any tenant, referred to as a related party tenant, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary. Failure to adhere to this limitation would cause the rental income from the related party tenant to not be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. The constructive ownership rules generally provide that, if 10% or more in value of our stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for any person, we are considered as owning the stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for such person. In addition, our charter prohibits transfers of our shares that would cause us to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant. We do not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of any tenant other than a taxable REIT subsidiary. We have represented to counsel that we will not rent any facility to a related-party tenant. We have structured the Ernest, Capella, and Springstone transactions in a manner consistent with the Covington Letter Ruling and may structure future transactions in a similar manner. Prior to our disposition of our investments in the operations of Capella, Ernest, and Springstone our leases with subsidiaries of Capella, Ernest, and Springstone were structured in a similar manner with the management companies Sunergeo Health Partners, LLC (“Sunergeo”), formed by the prior management of Capella and its subsidiaries, Guiding Health Management Group, LLC (“GHMG”) formed by prior management of Ernest and its subsidiaries, and BH EIK Management, LLC (“BH”) formed by the prior management of Springstone and its subsidiaries, as the managers of the Capella, Ernest and Springstone facilities respectively. Sunergeo, GHMG and BH previously operated Capella and its subsidiaries, Ernest and its subsidiaries, and Springstone and its subsidiaries, respectively, as officers and employees. Although certain management personnel remained as officers of Capella, Ernest, and Springstone, they became employees of and were compensated by Sunergeo, GHMG or BH. We believe that during the time in which we held our investments in the operations of Capella, Ernest, and Springstone, each of Sunergeo, GHMG, and BH met the definition of an “eligible independent contractor,” which is any independent contractor if, at the time such contractor enters into an agreement with a taxable REIT subsidiary to operate a qualified health care facility, such contractor is actively engaged in the trade or business of operating such facilities for any person who is not a related person to the REIT or the taxable REIT subsidiary. There is no assurance that the IRS would not take a contrary position with respect to the structuring of these and other such transactions. In addition, our TRSs have and will make loans to tenants to acquire operations and for other purposes. We have structured and will structure these loans as debt and believe that they will be characterized as such, and that our rental income from our tenant borrowers will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. However, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not take a contrary position. If the IRS were to successfully treat a loan to a particular tenant as an equity interest, the tenant could be a related party tenant with respect to us, and if so, the rent that we receive from the tenant would not be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests, and we could lose our REIT status. However, as stated above, we believe that these loans will be treated as debt rather than equity interests.
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Finally, because the constructive ownership rules are broad and it is not possible to monitor continually direct and indirect transfers of our shares, no absolute assurance can be given that such transfers or other events of which we have no knowledge will not cause us to own constructively 10% or more of a tenant other than a taxable REIT subsidiary at some future date.
We currently own 100% of the stock of our TRSs and may in the future own up to 100% of the stock of one or more additional taxable REIT subsidiaries. Under an exception to the related-party tenant rule described in the preceding paragraph, rent that we receive from a taxable REIT subsidiary will qualify as “rents from real property” as long as (1) the taxable REIT subsidiary is a qualifying taxable REIT subsidiary (among other things, it does not operate or manage a health care facility), (2) at least 90% of the leased space in the facility is leased to persons other than taxable REIT subsidiaries and related party tenants, and (3) the amount paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary to rent space at the facility is substantially comparable to rents paid by other tenants of the facility for comparable space. In addition, rents paid to a REIT by a taxable REIT subsidiary with respect to a “qualified health care property” (as defined below under “—Requirements for Qualification—Foreclosure Property”), operated on behalf of such taxable REIT subsidiary by a person who is an “eligible independent contractor” (as defined above), are qualifying rental income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. We have structured leases with our TRSs in a manner consistent with the Covington Letter Ruling.
Third, the rent attributable to the personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property must not be greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease. The rent attributable to personal property under a lease is the amount that bears the same ratio to total rent under the lease for the taxable year as the average of the fair market values of the leased personal property at the beginning and at the end of the taxable year bears to the average of the aggregate fair market values of both the real and personal property covered by the lease at the beginning and at the end of such taxable year (the “personal property ratio”). With respect to each of our leases, we believe that the personal property ratio generally will be less than 15%. Where that is not, or may in the future not be, the case, we believe that any income attributable to personal property will not jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS would not challenge our calculation of a personal property ratio, or that a court would not uphold such assertion. If such a challenge were successfully asserted, we could fail to satisfy the 75% or 95% gross income test and thus lose our REIT status.
Fourth, we cannot furnish or render noncustomary services to the tenants of our facilities, or manage or operate our facilities, other than through an independent contractor who is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive or receive any income. However, we need not provide services through an “independent contractor”, but instead may provide services directly to our tenants, if the services are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not considered to be provided for the tenants’ convenience. In addition, we may provide a minimal amount of “noncustomary” services to the tenants of a facility, other than through an independent contractor, as long as our income from the services does not exceed 1% of our income from the related facility (though any income attributable to such services would not qualify as rent for either the 75% or the 95% gross income tests). Finally, we may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries, which may provide noncustomary services to our tenants without tainting our rents from the related facilities. We do not intend to perform any services other than customary services for our tenants, and services provided through independent contractors or taxable REIT subsidiaries. We have represented to Baker Donelson that we will not perform noncustomary services which would jeopardize our REIT status.
Finally, in order for the rent payable under the leases of our properties to constitute “rents from real property”, the leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and not treated as service contracts, joint ventures, financing arrangements, or another type of arrangement. We generally treat our leases with respect to our properties as true leases for federal income tax purposes; however, there can be no assurance that the IRS would not consider a particular lease a financing arrangement instead of a true lease for federal income tax purposes. In that case, and in any case in which we may intentionally structure a lease as a financing arrangement, our income from that lease would be interest income rather than rent and would be qualifying
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income for purposes of the 75% gross income test to the extent that our “loan” does not exceed the fair market value of the real estate assets associated with the facility. All of the interest income from our loan would be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. We believe that the characterization of a lease as a financing arrangement would not adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
If a portion of the rent we receive from a facility does not qualify as “rents from real property” because the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent for a taxable year, the portion of the rent attributable to personal property will not be qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test. Thus, if rent attributable to personal property, plus any other income that is nonqualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, during a taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT status. By contrast, in the following circumstances, none of the rent from a lease of a facility would qualify as “rents from real property”: (1) the rent is considered based on the income or profits of the tenant; (2) the tenant is a related party tenant and fails to qualify for the exception to the related-party tenant rule for qualifying taxable REIT subsidiaries; (3) we furnish more than a de minimis amount of noncustomary services to the tenants of the facility, other than through a qualifying independent contractor or a taxable REIT subsidiary; or (4) for health care facilities or lodging facilities, we manage or operate the facility, other than through an eligible independent contractor. In any of these circumstances, we could lose our REIT status because we would be unable to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income test.
Tenants may be required to pay, besides base rent, reimbursements for certain amounts we are obligated to pay to third parties (such as a tenant’s proportionate share of a facility’s operational or capital expenses), penalties for nonpayment or late payment of rent or additions to rent. These and other similar payments should qualify as “rents from real property”.
Interest. The term “interest” generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of the amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term “interest” solely because it is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. Furthermore, to the extent that interest from a loan that is based upon the residual cash proceeds from the sale of the property securing the loan constitutes a “shared appreciation provision”, income attributable to such participation feature will be treated as gain from the sale of the secured property.
Fee Income. We may receive various fees in connection with our operations. The fees will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests if they are received in consideration for entering into an agreement to make a loan secured by real property and the fees are not determined by income and profits. Other fees are not qualifying income for purposes of either gross income test. We anticipate that MPT TRS, one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries, will receive most of the management fees, inspection fees and construction fees in connection with our operations. Any fees earned by MPT TRS will not be included as income for purposes of the gross income tests.
Prohibited Transactions. A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. We believe that none of our assets will be held primarily for sale to customers and that a sale of any of our assets will not be in the ordinary course of our business. Whether a REIT holds an asset “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends, however, on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to time, including those related to a particular asset. Nevertheless, we will attempt to comply with the terms of safe-harbor provisions in the federal income tax laws prescribing when an asset sale will not be characterized as a prohibited transaction. Safe-harbor provisions in the Code provide that the sale of properties held for at least two years and meeting certain other requirements will not give rise to prohibited transaction income. We cannot assure you, however, that we can comply with the safe-harbor provisions or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as property that we hold “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business”. We may use a taxable REIT subsidiary to engage in transactions that may not fall within the safe-harbor provisions.
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Foreclosure Property. We will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure property, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with the production of that income. However, gross income from foreclosure property will qualify under the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Foreclosure property is any real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incidental to such real property acquired by a REIT as the result of the REIT’s having bid on the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after actual or imminent default on a lease of the property or on indebtedness secured by the property, or a “Repossession Action”. Property acquired by a Repossession Action will not be considered “foreclosure property” if (1) the REIT held or acquired the property subject to a lease or securing indebtedness for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or (2) the lease or loan was acquired or entered into with intent to take Repossession Action or in circumstances where the REIT had reason to know a default would occur. The determination of such intent or reason to know must be based on all relevant facts and circumstances. In no case will property be considered “foreclosure property” unless the REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property.
Foreclosure property includes any qualified health care property acquired by a REIT as a result of a termination of a lease of such property (regardless of whether such termination relates to a default, or the imminence of a default, on the lease). A “qualified health care property” means any real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incident to such real property which is a “health care facility” (as defined above under “—Requirements for Qualification—Organizational Requirements”) or is necessary or incidental to the use of a health care facility.
However, a REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a property where the REIT takes control of the property as a mortgagee-in-possession and cannot receive any profit or sustain any loss except as a creditor of the mortgagor. Property generally ceases to be foreclosure property at the end of the third taxable year following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the property (or, in the case of a qualified health care property which becomes foreclosure property because it is acquired by a REIT as a result of the termination of a lease of such property, at the end of the second taxable year following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired such property) or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary of the Treasury. This period (as extended, if applicable) terminates, and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day:
| • | on which a lease is entered into for the property that, by its terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test, or any amount is received or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered into on or after such day that will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test; |
| • | on which any construction takes place on the property, other than completion of a building or any other improvement, where more than 10% of the construction was completed before default became imminent; or |
| • | which is more than 90 days after the day on which the REIT acquired the property and the property is used in a trade or business which is conducted by the REIT, other than through an independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive or receive any income. For this purpose, in the case of a qualified health care property, income derived or received from an independent contractor will be disregarded to the extent such income is attributable to (1) a lease of property in effect on the date the REIT acquired the qualified health care property (without regard to its renewal after such date so long as such renewal is pursuant to the terms of such lease as in effect on such date) or (2) any lease of property entered into after such date if, on such date, a lease of such property from the REIT was in effect and, under the terms of the new lease, the REIT receives a substantially similar or lesser benefit in comparison to the prior lease. |
Hedging Transactions. From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase such items, and futures and forward contracts. Income and gain from “hedging
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transactions” is excluded from gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test and the 75% gross income test. For this purpose, a “hedging transaction” will mean any transaction (i) entered into in the normal course of our trade or business primarily to manage the risk of interest rate or price changes with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets; (ii) entered into primarily to manage risks of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% income tests (or any property which generates such income or gain); or (iii) that hedges against transactions described in clause (i) or (ii) and is entered into in connection with the extinguishment of debt or sale of property that is being hedged against by the transaction described in clause (i) or (ii). We are required to clearly identify any such hedging transaction before the close of the day on which it is acquired, originated, or entered into, subject to certain curative provisions. Since the financial markets continually introduce new and innovative instruments related to risk-sharing or trading, it is not entirely clear which such instruments will generate income which will be considered qualifying or excluded income for purposes of the gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging or similar transactions so as not to jeopardize our status as a REIT.
Foreign Currency Gain. Passive foreign exchange gain is excluded from the 95% income test and real estate foreign exchange gain is excluded from the 75% income test. Real estate foreign exchange gain is foreign currency gain (as defined in Code Section 988(b)(1)) which is attributable to (i) any qualifying item of income or gain for purposes of the 75% income test, (ii) the acquisition or ownership of obligations secured by mortgages on real property or interests in real property; or (iii) becoming or being the obligor under obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property. Real estate foreign exchange gain also includes Code Section 987 gain attributable to a qualified business unit (“QBU”) of the REIT if the QBU itself meets the 75% income test for the taxable year and meets the 75% asset test at the close of each quarter of the REIT that has directly or indirectly held the QBU. The QBU is not required to meet the 95% income test in order for this 987 gain exclusion to apply. Real estate foreign exchange gain also includes any other foreign currency gain as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury.
Passive foreign exchange gain includes all real estate foreign exchange gain, and in addition includes foreign currency gain which is attributable to (i) any qualifying item of income or gain for purposes of the 95% income test, (ii) the acquisition or ownership of obligations, (other than foreign currency gains attributable to any item described in clause (i)), (iii) becoming or being the obligor under obligations (other than foreign currency gains attributable to any item described in clause (i)), and (iv) any other foreign currency gain as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury.
Any gain derived from dealing, or engaging in substantial and regular trading, in securities denominated in, or determined by reference to, one or more nonfunctional currencies will be treated as non-qualifying income for both the 75% and 95% gross income tests unless it is excluded under the hedging rules described above. We do not currently, and do not expect to, engage in such trading.
Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for that year if we qualify for relief under certain provisions of the federal income tax laws. Those relief provisions generally will be available if:
| • | our failure to meet those tests is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, and |
| • | following our identification of such failure for any taxable year, a schedule of the sources of our income is filed in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. |
We cannot with certainty predict whether any failure to meet these tests will qualify for the relief provisions. As discussed above in “—Taxation of Our Company”, even if the relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95% gross income tests, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
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Asset Tests. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset tests at the end of each quarter of each taxable year.
First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must consist of:
| • | cash or cash items, including certain receivables; |
| • | government securities; |
| • | real estate assets, which include interests in real property, leaseholds, options to acquire real property or leaseholds, interests in mortgages on real property, shares (or transferable certificates of beneficial interest) in other REITs, and debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs and interests in mortgages on interests in real property; and |
| • | investments in stock or debt instruments attributable to the temporary investment (i.e., for a period not exceeding 12 months) of new capital that we raise through any equity offering or public offering of debt with at least a five-year term. |
If a REIT or its QBU uses any foreign currency as its functional currency (as defined in section 985(b) of the Code), the term “cash” includes such currency to the extent held for use in the normal course of the activities of the REIT or QBU which give rise to items of income or gain qualifying under the 95% and 75% income tests or are directly related to acquiring or holding assets qualifying under the 75% assets test, provided that the currency cannot be held in connection with dealing, or engaging in substantial and regular trading, in securities.
With respect to investments not included in the 75% asset class, we may not hold securities of any one issuer (other than a taxable REIT subsidiary) that exceed 5% of the value of our total assets; nor may we hold securities of any one issuer (other than a taxable REIT subsidiary) that represent more than 10% of the voting power of all outstanding voting securities of such issuer or more than 10% of the value of all outstanding securities of such issuer.
In addition, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, we may not hold securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries that represent in the aggregate more than 25% of the value of our total assets and, for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, we may not hold securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries that represent in the aggregate more than 20% of the value of our total assets, in all cases irrespective of whether such securities may also be included in the 75% asset class (e.g., a mortgage loan issued to a taxable REIT subsidiary). We may not hold debt instruments (other than debt secured by interests in real property) issued by publicly offered REITs that represent in the aggregate more than 25% of the value of our total assets. Furthermore, no more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities that are not included in the 75% asset class, including, among other things, certain securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary such as stock or non-mortgage debt.
For purposes of the 5% and 10% asset tests, the term “securities” does not include stock in another REIT, equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary or taxable REIT subsidiary, mortgage loans that constitute real estate assets, or equity interests in a partnership to the extent that the partnership holds real estate assets. The term “securities”, however, generally includes debt securities issued by a partnership or another REIT, except that for purposes of the 10% value test, the term “securities” does not include:
| • | “Straight debt”, defined as a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money if (1) the debt is not convertible, directly, or indirectly, into stock, and (2) the interest rate and interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the borrower’s discretion, or similar factors. “Straight debt” securities do not include any securities issued by a partnership or a corporation in which we or any controlled TRS (i.e., a TRS in which we own directly or indirectly more than 50% of the voting power or value of the stock) holds non- “straight debt” securities that have an aggregate value of more than 1% of the issuer’s outstanding securities. However, “straight debt” securities include debt subject to the following contingencies: |
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| • | a contingency relating to the time of payment of interest or principal, as long as either (1) there is no change to the effective yield to maturity of the debt obligation, other than a change to the annual yield to maturity that does not exceed the greater of 0.25% or 5% of the annual yield to maturity, or (2) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuer’s debt obligations held by us exceeds $1 million and no more than 12 months of unaccrued interest on the debt obligations can be required to be prepaid; |
| • | a contingency relating to the time or amount of payment upon a default or exercise of a prepayment right by the issuer of the debt obligation, as long as the contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice; |
| • | Any loan to an individual or an estate; |
| • | Any “Section 467 rental agreement”, other than an agreement with a related party tenant; |
| • | Any obligation to pay “rents from real property”; |
| • | Any security issued by a state or any political subdivision thereof, the District of Columbia, a foreign government, or any political subdivision thereof, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, but only if the determination of any payment thereunder does not depend in whole or in part on the profits of any entity not described in this paragraph or payments on any obligation issued by an entity not described in this paragraph; |
| • | Any security issued by a REIT; |
| • | Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes to the extent of our interest as a partner in the partnership; and |
| • | Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes not described in the preceding bullet points if at least 75% of the partnership’s gross income, excluding income from prohibited transactions, is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test described above in “—Requirements for Qualification—Gross Income Tests”. |
For purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of the assets of a partnership is our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership, excluding all securities described above except those securities described in the last two bullet points above.
Our TRSs have made and will make loans to tenants to acquire operations and for other purposes. If the IRS were to successfully treat a particular loan to a tenant as an equity interest in the tenant, the tenant could be a “related party tenant” with respect to our company and if so the rent that we receive from the tenant would not be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. As a result, we could lose our REIT status. In addition, if the IRS were to successfully treat a particular loan as an interest held by our operating partnership rather than by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries, we could fail the 5% asset test, and if the IRS further successfully treated the loan as other than straight debt, we could fail the 10% asset test with respect to such interest. As a result of the failure of either test, we could lose our REIT status.
We have structured transactions in which our TRSs own an indirect equity interest in a tenant entity in a manner consistent with the Covington Letter Ruling, including leases with the subsidiaries of Ernest, Capella and Springstone. If the IRS successfully challenged the taxable REIT subsidiary status of our TRSs, and we were unable to cure as described below, we could fail the 10% asset test with respect to our ownership of MPT TRS and as a result lose our REIT status.
We will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the various asset tests and will manage our portfolio in order to comply at all times with such tests. If we fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT status if:
| • | we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding calendar quarter; and |
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| • | the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of one or more non-qualifying assets. |
If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second item above, we still could avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose.
In the event that, at the end of any calendar quarter, we violate the 5% or 10% test described above, we will not lose our REIT status if (1) the failure is de minimis (up to the lesser of 1% of our assets or $10 million) and (2) we dispose of assets or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identified the failure of the asset test. In the event of a more than de minimis failure of the 5% or 10% tests, or a failure of the other assets test, at the end of any calendar quarter, as long as the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will not lose our REIT status if we (1) file with the IRS a schedule describing the assets that caused the failure, (2) dispose of assets or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identified the failure of the asset test and (3) pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 and tax at the highest corporate rate on the net income from the nonqualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.
Distribution Requirements. Each taxable year, we must distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount not less than:
| • | the sum of: |
| • | 90% of our “REIT taxable income”, computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or our net capital gain or loss; and |
| • | 90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property; |
| • | Minus |
| • | the sum of certain items of non-cash income. |
We must pay such distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if we declare the distribution before we timely file our federal income tax return for the year and pay the distribution on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration.
We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders. In addition, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of a specified required distribution over amounts we actually distribute and the amounts on which we have paid corporate income tax if we distribute an amount less than the required distribution during a calendar year, or by the end of January following the calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year. The required distribution must not be less than the sum of:
| • | 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year; |
| • | 95% of our REIT capital gain income for the year; and |
| • | 100% of any undistributed taxable income from prior periods. |
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain we receive in a taxable year. See “— Requirements for Qualification—Taxation of Taxable United States Stockholders”. If we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of the 4% excise tax described above. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax.
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It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable income. For example, we may not deduct recognized capital losses from our “REIT taxable income”. Further, it is possible that, from time to time, we may be allocated a share of net capital gain attributable to the sale of depreciated property that exceeds our allocable share of cash attributable to that sale. We are required to take certain amounts in income no later than the time such amounts are reflected on certain financial statements. The application of this rule may require the accrual of income with respect to certain debt instruments or mortgage-backed securities, such as original issue discount or market discount, earlier than would be the case under the general tax rules, although the precise application of this rule is unclear at this time. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to distribute all of our taxable income and thereby avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income. In such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or issue additional shares of common or preferred stock to meet the distribution requirements set forth above.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to our stockholders in a later year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay interest based upon the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends.
Recordkeeping Requirements. We must maintain certain records in order to qualify as a REIT. In addition, to avoid paying a penalty, we must request on an annual basis information from our stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our shares of outstanding capital stock. We intend to comply with these requirements.
Failure to Qualify. If we failed to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and no relief provision applied, we would have the following consequences. We would be subject to federal income tax at rates applicable to regular C corporations on our taxable income, determined without reduction for amounts distributed to stockholders. We would not be required to make any distributions to stockholders, and any distributions to stockholders would be taxable to them as dividend income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Corporate stockholders could be eligible for a dividends-received deduction if certain conditions are satisfied. Unless we qualified for relief under specific statutory provisions, we would not be permitted to elect taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT.
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if the failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are relief provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described above in “—Gross Income Tests” and “—Asset Tests”.
Tax Aspects of Our Investments in Our Operating Partnership and Subsidiary Partnerships
The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax considerations applicable to our direct or indirect investment in our operating partnership and any subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies we form or acquire, each individually referred to as a “Partnership” and collectively, as “Partnerships”. The following discussion does not cover state or local tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax laws.
Classification as Partnerships. We are entitled to include in our income our distributive share of each Partnership’s income and to deduct our distributive share of each Partnership’s losses only if each Partnership is classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity has only one owner or member), rather than as a corporation or an association taxable as a corporation. An organization with at least two owners or members will be classified as a partnership, rather than as a corporation, for federal income tax purposes if it:
| • | is treated as a partnership under the Treasury regulations relating to entity classification (the “check-the-box regulations”); and |
| • | is not a “publicly traded” partnership. |
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Under the check-the-box regulations, an unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members may elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a corporation or as a partnership. If such an entity does not make an election, it generally will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. We intend that each Partnership will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes (or else a disregarded entity where there are not at least two separate beneficial owners).
A publicly traded partnership is a partnership whose interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market (or a substantial equivalent). A publicly traded partnership is generally treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes but will not be so treated for any taxable year for which at least 90% of the partnership’s gross income consists of specified passive income, including real property rents, gains from the sale or other disposition of real property, interest, and dividends (the “90% passive income exception”).
Treasury regulations, referred to as PTP regulations, provide limited safe harbors from treatment as a publicly traded partnership. Pursuant to one of those safe harbors, the “private placement exclusion”, interests in a partnership will not be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof if (1) all interests in the partnership were issued in a transaction or transactions that were not required to be registered under the Securities Act, and (2) the partnership does not have more than 100 partners at any time during the partnership’s taxable year. For the determination of the number of partners in a partnership, a person owning an interest in a partnership, grantor trust, or S corporation that owns an interest in the partnership is treated as a partner in the partnership only if (1) substantially all of the value of the owner’s interest in the entity is attributable to the entity’s direct or indirect interest in the partnership and (2) a principal purpose of the use of the entity is to permit the partnership to satisfy the 100-partner limitation.
An unincorporated entity with only one separate beneficial owner generally may elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a corporation or as a disregarded entity. If such an entity is domestic and does not make an election, it generally will be treated as a disregarded entity. A disregarded entity’s activities are treated as those of a branch or division of its beneficial owner.
The operating partnership has as its sole limited partner MPT TRS, Inc., a TRS wholly-owned by us. The operating partnership has not elected to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation. We expect that each Partnership would qualify for the private placement exclusion. Therefore, our operating partnership is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. We intend that our operating partnership will continue to be treated as partnership for federal income tax purposes.
We have not requested, and do not intend to request, a ruling from the IRS that the operating partnership or any other subsidiary entity will be classified as either a partnership or disregarded entity for federal income tax purposes. If for any reason any Partnership were taxable as a corporation, rather than as a partnership or a disregarded entity, for federal income tax purposes, we likely would not be able to qualify as a REIT. See “—Requirements for Qualification—Gross Income Tests” and “—Requirements for Qualification—Asset Tests”. In addition, any change in a Partnership’s status for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case we might incur tax liability without any related cash distribution. See “—Requirements for Qualification—Distribution Requirements”. Further, items of income and deduction of such Partnership would not pass through to its partners, and its partners would be treated as stockholders for tax purposes. Consequently, such Partnership would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net income, and distributions to its partners would constitute dividends that would not be deductible in computing such Partnership’s taxable income.
Partners, Not the Partnerships, Subject to Tax. A partnership is not a taxable entity for federal income tax purposes. If each Partnership is classified as a partnership, we will therefore take into account our allocable share of each such Partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits for each taxable year of each Partnership ending with or within our taxable year, even if we receive no distribution from any Partnership for that year or a distribution less than our share of taxable income. Similarly, even if we receive a distribution, it may not be
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taxable if the distribution does not exceed our adjusted tax basis in our interest in the Partnership. If any Partnership is classified as a disregarded entity, each Partnership’s activities will be treated as if carried on directly by us.
Partnership Allocations. Although a partnership agreement generally will determine the allocation of income and losses among partners, allocations will be disregarded for tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations. If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. Each Partnership’s allocations of taxable income, gain, and loss are intended to comply with the requirements of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations.
Tax Allocations with Respect to Contributed Properties. Income, gain, loss, and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution. Similar rules apply with respect to property revalued on the books of a partnership. The amount of such unrealized gain or unrealized loss, referred to as built-in gain or built-in loss, is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed or revalued property at the time of contribution or revaluation and the adjusted tax basis of such property at that time, referred to as a book-tax difference. Such allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. The United States Treasury Department has issued regulations requiring partnerships to use a “reasonable method” for allocating items with respect to which there is a book-tax difference and outlining several reasonable allocation methods. Our operating partnership generally intends to use the traditional method for allocating items with respect to which there is a book-tax difference.
Basis in Partnership Interest. Our adjusted tax basis in any partnership interest we own generally will be:
| • | the amount of cash and the basis of any other property we contribute to the partnership; |
| • | increased by our allocable share of the partnership’s income (including tax-exempt income) and our allocable share of indebtedness of the partnership; and |
| • | reduced, but not below zero, by our allocable share of the partnership’s loss, the amount of cash and the basis of property distributed to us, and constructive distributions resulting from a reduction in our share of indebtedness of the partnership. |
Loss allocated to us in excess of our basis in a partnership interest will not be taken into account until we again have basis sufficient to absorb the loss. A reduction of our share of partnership indebtedness will be treated as a constructive cash distribution to us and will reduce our adjusted tax basis. Distributions, including constructive distributions, in excess of the basis of our partnership interest will constitute taxable income to us. Such distributions and constructive distributions normally will be characterized as long-term capital gain.
Partnership Audits. In the event of a federal income tax audit the Partnership, rather than the Partnership’s partners, could be liable for the payment of certain taxes, including interest and penalties, or the partners could be liable for the tax but be required to pay interest at a higher rate than would otherwise apply to underpayments. Furthermore, the “partnership representative” of the Partnership will have exclusive authority to bind all partners to any federal income tax proceeding.
Depreciation Deductions Available to Partnerships. The initial tax basis of property is generally the amount of cash and the basis of property given as consideration for the property. Each Partnership’s initial basis in properties acquired solely in exchange for units of each Partnership should be the same as the transferor’s basis
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in such properties on the date of acquisition by the Partnership. A partnership in which we are a partner generally will depreciate property for federal income tax purposes under the modified accelerated cost recovery system of depreciation, referred to as MACRS. Under MACRS, each Partnership generally will depreciate furnishings over a seven-year recovery period and equipment over a five-year recovery period using a 200% declining balance method and a half-year convention. If, however, the Partnership places more than 40% of its furnishings and equipment in service during the last three months of a taxable year, a mid-quarter depreciation convention must be used for the furnishings and equipment placed in service during that year. Under MACRS, the Partnership generally will depreciate buildings and improvements over a 39-year recovery period using a straight-line method and a mid-month convention. Although the law is not entirely clear, each Partnership generally will depreciate such property for federal income tax purposes over the same remaining useful lives and under the same methods used by the transferors. Each Partnership’s tax depreciation deductions will be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective interests in the Partnership, except to the extent that any Partnership is required under the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations to use a method for allocating tax depreciation deductions attributable to contributed or revalued properties that results in our receiving a disproportionate share of such deductions.
Sale of a Partnership’s Property. Generally, any gain realized by a Partnership on the sale of property held for more than one year will be long-term capital gain, except for any portion of the gain treated as depreciation or cost recovery recapture. Any gain or loss recognized by a Partnership on the disposition of contributed or revalued properties will be allocated first to the partners who contributed the properties or who were partners at the time of revaluation, to the extent of their built-in gain or loss on those properties for federal income tax purposes. The partners’ built-in gain or loss on contributed or revalued properties is the difference between the partners’ proportionate share of the book value of those properties and the partners’ tax basis allocable to those properties at the time of the contribution or revaluation. Any remaining gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of contributed or revalued properties, and any gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of other properties, will be allocated among the partners in accordance with the Partnership’s allocation provisions (subject to the restrictions described above).
Our share of any Partnership gain from the sale of inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of each Partnership’s trade or business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction subject to a 100% tax. Income from a prohibited transaction may have an adverse effect on our ability to satisfy the gross income tests for REIT status. See “—Requirements for Qualification—Gross Income Tests”. We do not presently intend to acquire or hold, or to allow any Partnership to acquire or hold, any property that is likely to be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our, or any Partnership’s, trade, or business.
Other Tax Consequences
Subsidiary REITs. We own and may acquire direct or indirect interests in one or more entities that have elected to be taxed as REITs under the Code (“Subsidiary REITs”). Until its dissolution effective December 31, 2024, we owned one hundred percent of the common stock of MPT Australia Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“MPT Australia”) which elected REIT status under the Code and which, through property-owning subsidiaries, owned health care facilities in the country of Australia. We also own one hundred percent of the common stock of MPT Springstone REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“MPT Springstone”), which, through property-owning subsidiaries, owns behavioral health hospital facilities in the United States. From the date of its incorporation until December 31, 2021 MPT Springstone and the Company elected for MPT Springstone to be taxed as a TRS. As of January 1, 2022, MPT Springstone elected to be taxed as a REIT by filing IRS Form 1120-REIT for its taxable year beginning January 1, 2022. From July 1, 2023 until their dissolutions effective December 31, 2024, we owned one hundred percent of the common stock of eleven Subsidiary REITs (named MPT UK Trust Sub REIT 1, Inc., MPT UK Sub REIT 2, Inc., etc.) which each elected to be taxed as a REIT by filing IRS Form 1120-REIT for their taxable years ending December 31, 2023 and which through property-owning subsidiaries owned health care facilities in the United Kingdom. Subsidiary REITs are subject to the various REIT
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qualification requirements and other limitations described herein that are applicable to us. If a Subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT, then (i) that Subsidiary REIT would become subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax, and (ii) that Subsidiary REIT could have an adverse effect on our ability to comply with the REIT assets and income tests, and so could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT unless we could avail ourselves of certain relief provisions.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. As described above, we have formed and have made a timely election to treat our TRSs and certain other entities as taxable REIT subsidiaries and may form or acquire additional taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future. A taxable REIT subsidiary may provide services to our tenants and engage in activities unrelated to our tenants, such as third-party management, development, and other independent business activities.
We and any corporate subsidiary in which we own stock, other than a qualified REIT subsidiary, must make an election for the subsidiary to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary or meet the 5% and 10% asset tests as described above. If a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly owns shares of a corporation with more than 35% of the value or voting power of all outstanding shares of the corporation, the corporation will automatically also be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Prior to our disposition of our investment in the operations of Ernest and Capella, Ernest, Capella, and their respective corporate subsidiaries were automatically treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries under this rule. For tax years beginning before January 1, 2018, no more than 25% of the value of our assets may consist of securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries and for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, no more than 20% of the value of our assets may consist of securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries, irrespective of whether such securities may also qualify under the 75% assets test, and no more than 25% of the value of our assets may consist of the securities that are not qualifying assets under the 75% test, including, among other things, certain securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary, such as stock or non-mortgage debt.
Rent we receive from our taxable REIT subsidiaries will generally qualify as “rents from real property” only if at least 90% of the leased space in the property is leased to persons other than taxable REIT subsidiaries and related party tenants, and the amount paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary to rent space at the property is substantially comparable to rents paid by other tenants of the property for comparable space. Rents paid to a REIT by a taxable REIT subsidiary with respect to a “qualified health care property”, (as defined above under “—Requirements for Qualification—Foreclosure Property”) operated on behalf of such taxable REIT subsidiary by a person who is an “eligible independent contractor”, (as defined above under “—Requirements for Qualification—Organizational Requirements”) are qualifying rental income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. The taxable REIT subsidiary rules impose a 100% excise tax on certain types of transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and us or our tenants that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
A taxable REIT subsidiary may not directly or indirectly operate or manage a “health care facility”, (as defined above under “—Requirements for Qualification—Organizational Requirements”) though a health care facility leased to a taxable REIT subsidiary from a REIT may be operated on behalf of the taxable REIT subsidiary by an eligible independent contractor. We have structured transactions in which our TRSs own an indirect equity interest in a manner consistent with the Covington Letter Ruling and may structure other such transactions in the future.
State and Local Taxes. We and our stockholders may be subject to taxation by various states and localities, including those in which we or a stockholder transact business, own property, or reside. The state and local tax treatment may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above. Consequently, stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws upon an investment in our common stock.
Foreign Taxes. We own properties and have operations in other countries which may impose taxes on our operations within their jurisdictions. We can give no assurance that we will be able to eliminate our non-U.S. tax liability or reduce it to a specified level. Furthermore, as a REIT, both we and our stockholders will derive little or no tax benefit from any foreign tax credits arising from non-U.S. taxes.
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Taxation of Our Stockholders
Taxation of Taxable United States Stockholders. As long as we qualify as a REIT, a taxable “United States stockholder” will be required to take into account as ordinary income distributions made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or retained long-term capital gain. U.S. corporate stockholders will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations. The term “United States stockholder” means a holder of shares of common stock that, for United States federal income tax purposes, is:
| • | a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| • | a corporation or partnership (including an entity treated as a corporation or partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United States or of a political subdivision of the United States; |
| • | an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| • | any trust if (1) a United States court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a United States person. |
In addition, as used herein, the term U.S. stockholder does not include any entity that is subject to special treatment under the Code.
For individuals with taxable income in excess of certain thresholds, the maximum federal income tax rate on ordinary income is 37% and the maximum rate on long-term capital gains and qualified dividend income is 20%. Estates and trusts have separate tax rate schedules.
Distributions. Distributions paid to a United States stockholder will generally not qualify for the maximum 20% tax rate in effect for “qualified dividend income”. Qualified dividend income generally includes dividends paid by domestic C corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations to most United States noncorporate stockholders. As long as we qualify as a REIT, our dividends generally will not be eligible for the current preferred rates on qualified dividend income. As a result, our ordinary REIT dividends will continue to be taxed at the higher tax rate applicable to ordinary income. Currently, the highest marginal individual income tax rate on ordinary income is 37%. However, non-corporate stockholders, including individuals, generally may deduct 20% of dividends from a REIT, other than capital gains dividends and dividends treated as qualified dividend income, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, subject to certain limitations. Furthermore, the 20% maximum tax rate for qualified dividend income will apply to our ordinary REIT dividends, if any, that are (1) attributable to dividends received by us from non-REIT corporations, such as our taxable REIT subsidiaries, and (2) attributable to income upon which we have paid corporate income tax (e.g., to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income). In general, to qualify for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, a stockholder must hold our common stock for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which our common stock becomes ex-dividend.
Capital Gain Dividends. Distributions to a United States stockholder which we designate as capital gain dividends will generally be treated as long-term capital gain, without regard to the period for which the United States stockholder has held its common stock. With certain limitations, capital gain dividends received by an individual U.S. stockholder may be eligible for preferential rates of taxation. U.S. stockholders that are corporations, may, however, be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. In addition, certain net capital gains attributable to depreciable real property held for more than 12 months are subject to a 25% maximum federal income tax rate to the extent of previously claimed real property depreciation. Capital gain dividends are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporations.
The amount of dividends we designate as qualified dividends and capital gain dividends with respect to any taxable year may not exceed the dividends we pay with respect to such year.
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We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain that we receive in a taxable year. In that case, a United States stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain. The United States stockholder would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. The United States stockholder would increase the basis in its shares of common stock by the amount of its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain, minus its share of the tax we paid.
A United States stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of the United States stockholder’s shares. Instead, the distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of the shares, and any amount in excess of both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the adjusted basis will be treated as capital gain, long-term if the shares have been held for more than one year, provided the shares are a capital asset in the hands of the United States stockholder. In addition, any distribution we declare in October, November, or December of any year that is payable to a United States stockholder of record on a specified date in any of those months will be treated as paid by us and received by the United States stockholder on December 31 of the year, provided we actually pay the distribution before the end of January of the following calendar year.
Passive Activity Loss and Investment Interest Limitations. Stockholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. Instead, these losses are generally carried over by us for potential offset against our future income. Taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of shares of common stock will not be treated as passive activity income; stockholders generally will not be able to apply any “passive activity losses,” such as losses from certain types of limited partnerships in which the stockholder is a limited partner, against such income. In addition, taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of common stock generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitations. We will notify stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the portions of the distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital, and capital gain.
Taxation of United States Stockholders on the Disposition of Shares of Common Stock. In general, a United States stockholder who is not a dealer in securities must treat any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of our shares of common stock as long-term capital gain or loss if the United States stockholder has held the stock for more than one year, and otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. However, a United States stockholder must treat any loss upon a sale or exchange of common stock held for six months or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of capital gain dividends and any other actual or deemed distributions from us which the United States stockholder treats as long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss that a United States stockholder realizes upon a taxable disposition of common stock may be disallowed if the United States stockholder purchases other shares of our common stock within 30 days before or after the disposition.
If a U.S. stockholder recognizes a loss upon a subsequent disposition of our capital stock in an amount that exceeds a prescribed threshold, it is possible that the provisions of certain Treasury Regulations involving “reportable transactions” could apply, with a resulting requirement to separately disclose the loss generating transactions to the IRS. While these regulations are directed towards “tax shelters,” they are written quite broadly and apply to transactions that would not typically be considered tax shelters. Significant penalties apply for failure to comply with these requirements. You should consult with your tax advisors concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to the receipt or disposition of our capital stock, or transactions that might be undertaken directly or indirectly by us. Moreover, you should be aware that we and other participants in transactions involving us (including our advisors) might be subject to disclosure or other requirements pursuant to these regulations.
Medicare Tax on Unearned Income. A U.S. stockholder that is an individual is subject to a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (i) the U.S. stockholder’s “net investment income” for the relevant taxable year or (ii) the excess of the U.S. stockholder’s modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold (currently between $125,000 and $250,000 depending on the individual’s circumstances). Estates and trusts that do not fall into a special class of trusts that is exempt from such tax are subject to the same 3.8% tax on the lesser of their
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undistributed net investment income and the excess of their adjusted gross income over a certain threshold. Net investment income generally includes dividends on our capital stock and gain from the sale of our capital stock.
Redemption or Repurchase by Us. A redemption or repurchase of shares of our capital stock will be treated under Section 302 of the Code as a distribution (and taxable as a dividend to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) unless the redemption or repurchase satisfies one of the tests set forth in Section 302(b) of the Code and is therefore treated as a sale or exchange of the redeemed or repurchased shares. The redemption or repurchase generally will be treated as a sale or exchange if:
| • | is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the U.S. stockholder; |
| • | results in “complete redemption” of the U.S. stockholder’s stock interest in us; or |
| • | is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the U.S. stockholder; |
all within the meaning of Section 302(b) of the Code.
In determining whether any of these tests have been met, shares of our capital stock, including common stock and other equity interests in us considered to be owned by the U.S. stockholder by reason of certain constructive ownership rules set forth in the Code, as well as shares of our capital stock actually owned by the U.S. stockholder, generally must be taken into account. Because the determination as to whether any of the alternative tests of Section 302(b) will be satisfied with respect to the U.S. stockholder depends upon the facts and circumstances at the time that the determination must be made, U.S. stockholders are advised to consult their tax advisors to determine such tax treatment.
If a redemption or repurchase of shares of our capital stock is treated as a distribution, the amount of the distribution will be measured by the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received. A U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the redeemed or repurchased shares generally will be transferred to the holder’s remaining shares of our capital stock, if any. If a U.S. stockholder owns no other shares of our capital stock, under certain circumstances, such basis may be transferred to a related person, or it may be lost entirely. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of a redemption or repurchase of our capital stock.
If a redemption or repurchase of the shares of our capital stock is not treated as a distribution, it will be treated as a taxable sale or exchange.
Capital Gains and Losses. The tax-rate differential between capital gain and ordinary income for non-corporate taxpayers may be significant. A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. The highest marginal individual income tax rate is currently 37%. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain applicable to individuals is generally 20%. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from the sale or exchange of “section 1250 property” (i.e., generally, depreciable real property) is 25% to the extent of certain “unrecaptured section 1250 gain”. We generally may designate whether a distribution we designate as a capital gain dividend (and any retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute) is long-term capital gain or “unrecaptured section 1250 gain”.
The characterization of income as capital gain or ordinary income may affect the deductibility of losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct from its ordinary income capital losses not offset by capital gains only up to a maximum of $3,000 annually. A non-corporate taxpayer may carry forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer must pay tax on its net capital gain at corporate ordinary income rates. A corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses only to the extent of capital gains and unused losses may be carried back three years and carried forward five years.
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Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding. We will report to our stockholders and to the IRS the amount of distributions we pay during each calendar year and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. A United States stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of up to 24% with respect to distributions unless the holder:
| • | is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or |
| • | provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies, under penalty of perjury, as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. |
A United States stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholder’s income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholder who fails to certify its non-foreign status to us. United States stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding their qualifications for exemption from backup withholding and the procedure for obtaining an exemption.
Taxation of Tax-exempt Stockholders. Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit-sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, referred to as pension trusts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their “unrelated business taxable income”. While many investments in real estate generate unrelated business taxable income, the IRS has issued a ruling that dividend distributions from a REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not constitute unrelated business taxable income so long as the exempt employee pension trust does not otherwise use the shares of the REIT in an unrelated trade or business of the pension trust. Based on that ruling, amounts we distribute to tax-exempt stockholders generally should not constitute unrelated business taxable income. However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to finance its acquisition of common stock with debt, a portion of the income it received from us would constitute unrelated business taxable income pursuant to the “debt financed property” rules. Furthermore, social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal service plans that are exempt from taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws are subject to different unrelated business taxable income rules, which generally will require them to characterize distributions they receive from us as unrelated business taxable income. Finally, in certain circumstances, a qualified employee pension or profit-sharing trust that owns more than 10% of our outstanding stock must treat a percentage of the dividends it receives from us as unrelated business taxable income. The percentage is equal to the gross income we derive from an unrelated trade or business, determined as if we were a pension trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in which we pay the dividends. This rule applies to a pension trust holding more than 10% of our outstanding stock only if:
| • | the percentage of our dividends which the tax-exempt trust must treat as unrelated business taxable income is at least 5%; |
| • | we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule requiring that no more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock be owned by five or fewer individuals, which modification allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust to be treated as holding shares in proportion to their actual interests in the pension trust; and |
| • | either of the following applies: |
| • | one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our outstanding stock; or |
| • | a group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of the value of our outstanding stock collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our outstanding stock. |
Taxation of Non-United States Stockholders. This section is a summary of the rules governing the U.S. federal income taxation of non-U.S. stockholders. The term “non-U.S. stockholder” means a holder of shares of our common stock that is not a U.S. stockholder, a partnership (or entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal
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income tax purposes) or a tax-exempt stockholder. The rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, other foreign stockholders and partnerships, are complex. We urge non-U.S. stockholders and partnerships that hold our stock to consult their tax advisors to determine the impact of U.S. federal, state, and local income tax laws on the purchase, ownership, and disposition of shares of our common stock, including any reporting requirements.
Distributions to Non-United States Stockholders.
A non-U.S. stockholder that receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of a “United States real property interest,” or USRPI, as defined below, and that we do not designate as a capital gain dividend or retained capital gain will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we pay such distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution ordinarily will apply to such distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. Under some treaties, lower withholding rates on dividends do not apply, or do not apply as favorably, to dividends from REITs.
However, if a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such distribution, and a non-U.S. stockholder that is a corporation also may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax with respect to that distribution. The branch profits tax may be reduced by an applicable tax treaty. We plan to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any such distribution paid to a non-U.S. stockholder unless either:
| • | a lower treaty rate applies, and the non-U.S. stockholder provides us with an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate; |
| • | the non-U.S. stockholder provides us with an IRS Form W-8ECI claiming that the distribution is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business; or |
| • | the distribution is treated as attributable to a sale of a USRPI under FIRPTA (discussed below). |
A non-U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the excess portion of such distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of the non-U.S. stockholder in its shares of our common stock. Instead, the excess portion of such distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of the non-U.S. stockholder in such shares. A non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to tax on a distribution that exceeds both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the adjusted basis of the non-U.S. stockholder in its shares of our common stock, if the non-U.S. stockholder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or disposition of its shares of our common stock, as described below. Because we generally cannot determine at the time, we make a distribution whether the distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold tax on the entire amount of any distribution at the same rate as we would withhold on a dividend. However, a non-U.S. stockholder may claim a refund of amounts that we withhold if we later determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
Under FIRPTA (discussed below), we may be required to withhold 15% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be provided under an applicable tax treaty) on the entire amount of any distribution, to the extent that we do not do so, we will withhold at a rate of 15% on any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a non-U.S. stockholder may incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of a USRPI under FIRPTA. A USRPI includes interests in real property located in the United States or the Virgin Islands and shares in corporations at least 50% by value of
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whose real property interests and assets used or held for use in a trade or business consist of USRPI. Under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder is taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales of USRPIs as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. stockholder. A non-U.S. stockholder thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital gains rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. A non-U.S. corporate stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution. Unless you are a stockholder that owns not more than 10% of our capital stock or are a “qualified shareholder” or a “qualified foreign pension fund” (both as defined below), we must withhold a percentage equal to the highest corporate tax rate of any distribution that we could designate as a capital gain dividend. A non-U.S. stockholder may receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount we withhold.
In addition, distributions to certain non-U.S. publicly traded stockholders that meet certain record-keeping and other requirements (“qualified shareholders”) are exempt from FIRPTA, except to the extent owners of such qualified shareholders that are not also qualified stockholders own, actually or constructively, more than 10% of our capital stock. Furthermore, distributions to “qualified foreign pension funds” or entities all of the interests of which are held by “qualified foreign pension funds” are exempt from FIRPTA. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules.
Although not free from doubt, amounts we designate as retained capital gains in respect of the common stock held by U.S. stockholders generally should be treated with respect to non-U.S. stockholders in the same manner as actual distributions by us of capital gain dividends. Under this approach, a non-U.S. stockholder would be able to offset as a credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability resulting from its proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such retained capital gains, and to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent the non-U.S. stockholder’s proportionate share of such tax paid by us exceeds its actual U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the non-U.S. stockholder furnishes required information to the IRS on a timely basis. We currently do not intend to retain any capital gains.
Dispositions by Non-United States Stockholders.
A non-U.S. stockholder generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain on a sale of shares of common stock as long as, at all times during a specified testing period, non-United States persons hold, directly or indirectly, less than 50% in value of our outstanding stock. We cannot assure you that this test will be met. Even if we meet this test, pursuant to “wash sale” rules under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder may incur tax under FIRPTA to the extent such stockholder disposes of our common stock within a certain period prior to a capital gain distribution and directly or indirectly (including through certain affiliates) reacquires our common stock within certain prescribed periods. In addition, even if we do not meet this “domestically controlled” test, a non-U.S. stockholder that owned, actually or constructively, 10% or less of the outstanding common stock at all times during a specified testing period will not incur tax under FIRPTA on gain from a sale of common stock if the stock is “regularly traded” on an established securities market. An actual or deemed disposition of our capital stock by such stockholders may also be treated as a dividend. Furthermore, dispositions of our capital stock by “qualified foreign pension funds” or entities all of the interests of which are held by “qualified foreign pension funds” are exempt from FIRPTA. Any gain subject to tax under FIRPTA will be treated in the same manner as it would be in the hands of U.S. stockholders subject to a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules.
A non-U.S. stockholder generally will incur tax on gain from the sale of common stock not subject to FIRPTA if:
| • | the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of the non-U.S. stockholder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to the gain; or |
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| • | the non-U.S. stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will incur a 30% tax on capital gains. |
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act for Stockholders.
Under Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and the applicable Treasury Regulations thereunder (which are commonly referred to as “FATCA”), withholding is required at a rate of 30 percent on dividends in respect of our common stock held by certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds) and certain other non-U.S. entities, unless (i) in the case of such financial institutions, such financial institutions enter into an agreement with the Secretary of Treasury to withhold on certain payments and to collect and provide to the U.S. tax authorities information regarding U.S. account holders of such institutions (which includes certain equity and debt holders of such institutions, as well as certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners) and (ii) in the case of such other non-U.S. entities, such entities provide the withholding agent with a certification either certifying that such entity does not have “substantial United States owners” or identifying any direct or indirect “substantial United States owners” of such entity. Non-United States stockholders are encouraged to consult with their tax advisors regarding the possible implication of FATCA on their investment in our common stock.
Global Intangible Low-Tax Income. U.S. corporations, including REITs, are required to include a “global intangible low-income,” or GILTI, earned by certain foreign subsidiary corporations in income regardless of whether the income has been distributed to the U.S. parent corporation. Generally, GILTI is the excess of the U.S. shareholder’s pro rata portion of the income of its foreign subsidiaries over the net deemed tangible income return of such subsidiaries. Unlike other taxpayers, REITs are not allowed to deduct 50% of GILTI in determining the amount of GILTI includable in income. The IRS issued guidance that GILTI constitutes qualifying REIT income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, and thus the inclusion of GILTI earned by our foreign TRSs, if any, in our U.S. taxable income should not influence our ownership structure of these foreign TRSs, but no assurances can be given. The inclusion of such GILTI in our U.S. taxable income, however, could increase our dividend distribution requirement, regardless of whether we receive a corresponding distribution of cash from any foreign TRSs.
Additional Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department and it is possible that there could be future changes that could adversely impact our stockholders. No assurance can be given as to whether, when, or in what form, the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to us and our stockholders may be enacted. Changes to the U.S. federal tax laws and interpretations of U.S. federal tax laws could adversely affect an investment in our capital stock.
State, Local, and Non-U.S. Taxes. We may be subject to state, local and foreign tax in states, localities and foreign countries in which we do business or own property. The tax treatment applicable to us and our stockholders in such jurisdictions may differ from the U.S. federal income tax treatment described above.
Taxation of Noteholders
If the Operating Partnership or MPT Finance Corp. offers debt securities, then there may be tax consequences for the holders of such securities not discussed herein. For a discussion of any such additional consequences, see the applicable prospectus supplement.
THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX SUMMARY SET FORTH ABOVE IS INCLUDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE DEPENDING UPON YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION. YOU ARE URGED TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF THE NOTES, INCLUDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER OTHER FEDERAL TAX LAWS AND STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX LAWS AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN TAX LAWS.
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Selling stockholders include certain persons or entities that, directly or indirectly, have acquired or may from time to time acquire from us, shares of our common stock or preferred stock in various private transactions. Such selling stockholders may be parties to registration rights agreements with us, or we otherwise may have agreed or will agree to register their securities for resale. The initial purchasers of our securities, as well as their transferees, pledges, donees or successors, all of whom we refer to as selling stockholders, may from time to time offer and sell the common stock or preferred stock pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the name of each of the selling stockholders and the number of shares of our common stock or preferred stock beneficially owned by such selling stockholders that are covered by such prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will also disclose whether any of the selling stockholders has held any position or office with us, has been employed by us or otherwise has had a material relationship with us during the three years prior to the date of the prospectus supplement.
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We and/or any selling stockholders may sell the securities in any one or more of the following ways:
| • | to the public through underwriting syndicates led by one or more managing underwriters; |
| • | directly to investors, including through a specific bidding, auction or other process; |
| • | to investors through agents; |
| • | directly to agents; |
| • | to or through brokers or dealers; |
| • | to one or more underwriters acting alone for resale to investors or to the public; |
| • | from time to time at prevailing market prices by the issuer or through a designated agent; or |
| • | through a combination of any such methods of sale. |
The Company’s common stock and preferred stock may be sold domestically or abroad. Selling stockholders to be named in a prospectus supplement may offer and sell, from time to time, common stock and preferred stock up to such amounts as set forth in a prospectus supplement. The Company’s common stock or preferred stock may be issued upon the exchange of the debt securities of the Operating Partnership or in exchange for other securities. We reserve the right to sell securities directly to investors on their own behalf in those jurisdictions where they are authorized to do so.
If we or any selling stockholders sell securities to a dealer acting as principal, the dealer may resell such securities at varying prices to be determined by such dealer in its discretion at the time of resale without consulting with us or any selling stockholders and such resale prices may not be disclosed in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Any underwritten offering may be on a best efforts or a firm commitment basis. We may also offer securities through subscription rights distributed to our stockholders on a pro rata basis, which may or may not be transferable. In any distribution of subscription rights to stockholders, if all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may then sell the unsubscribed securities directly to third parties or may engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to sell the unsubscribed securities to third parties.
Sales of the securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions:
| • | at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
| • | at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; |
| • | at prices related to prevailing market prices; or |
| • | at negotiated prices. |
Any of the prices may represent a discount from the then prevailing market prices.
In the sale of the securities, underwriters or agents may receive compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also receive compensation from purchasers of the securities, for whom they may act as agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Discounts, concessions and commissions may be changed from time to time. Dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act, and any discounts, concessions or commissions they receive from us and any profit on the resale of securities they realize may be deemed to be underwriting compensation under applicable federal and state securities laws.
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The applicable prospectus supplement will, where applicable:
| • | identify any such underwriter, dealer or agent; |
| • | describe any compensation in the form of discounts, concessions, commissions or otherwise received from us by each such underwriter or agent and in the aggregate by all underwriters and agents; |
| • | describe any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers; |
| • | identify the amounts underwritten; and |
| • | identify the nature of the underwriter’s or underwriters’ obligation to take the securities. |
Unless otherwise specified in the related prospectus supplement, each series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than shares of the Company’s common stock, which are listed on the NYSE. Any common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be listed on the NYSE, subject to official notice of issuance. We may elect to list any series of debt securities or preferred stock, on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in the securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of, or the trading market for, any offered securities.
We and/or any selling stockholders may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If disclosed in the applicable prospectus supplement, in connection with those derivative transactions third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and such prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us and/or the selling stockholders, or borrowed from us, the selling stockholders or from others to settle those short sales or to close out any related open borrowings of securities, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivative transactions to close out any related open borrowings of securities. If the third party is or may be deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act, it will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplements.
Until the distribution of the securities is completed, rules of the SEC may limit the ability of any underwriters and selling group members to bid for and purchase the securities. As an exception to these rules, underwriters are permitted to engage in some transactions that stabilize the price of the securities. Such transactions consist of bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the securities.
Underwriters may engage in overallotment. If any underwriters create a short position in the securities in an offering in which they sell more securities than are set forth on the cover page of the applicable prospectus supplement, the underwriters may reduce that short position by purchasing the securities in the open market.
The lead underwriters may also impose a penalty bid on other underwriters and selling group members participating in an offering. This means that if the lead underwriters purchase securities in the open market to reduce the underwriters’ short position or to stabilize the price of the securities, they may reclaim the amount of any selling concession from the underwriters and selling group members who sold those securities as part of the offering.
In general, purchases of a security for the purpose of stabilization or to reduce a short position could cause the price of the security to be higher than it might be in the absence of such purchases. The imposition of a penalty bid might also have an effect on the price of a security to the extent that it were to discourage resales of the security before the distribution is completed.
We do not make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above might have on the price of the securities. In addition, we do not make any representation that underwriters will engage in such transactions or that such transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.
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Under agreements into which we or any selling stockholders may enter, underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of the securities may be entitled to indemnification by us or the selling stockholders against or contribution towards certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the applicable securities laws.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, perform services for us or be our tenants in the ordinary course of business.
If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by particular institutions to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in such prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in such prospectus supplement. Each delayed delivery contract will be for an amount no less than, and the aggregate amounts of securities sold under delayed delivery contracts shall be not less nor more than, the respective amounts stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Institutions with which such contracts, when authorized, may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and others, but will in all cases be subject to our approval. The obligations of any purchaser under any such contract will be subject to the conditions that (a) the purchase of the securities shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the U.S. to which the purchaser is subject, and (b) if the securities are being sold to underwriters, we shall have sold to the underwriters the total amount of the securities less the amount thereof covered by the contracts. The underwriters and such other agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of such contracts.
To comply with applicable state securities laws, the securities offered by this prospectus will be sold, if necessary, in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, securities may not be sold in some states unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.
Underwriters, dealers or agents that participate in the offer of securities, or their affiliates or associates, may have engaged or engage in transactions with and perform services for, Medical Properties Trust, Inc., the Operating Partnership or our affiliates in the ordinary course of business for which they may have received or receive customary fees and reimbursement of expenses.
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Certain legal matters in connection with the securities registered hereby will be passed upon for us by Goodwin Procter LLP, New York, New York. The general summary of U.S. federal income tax considerations contained under the heading “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” (other than “Taxation of Noteholders”) has been passed upon for us by Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz, P.C. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us, any selling stockholders or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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The financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which are included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting) incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been so incorporated in reliance on the reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
Medical Properties and the Operating Partnership are currently subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, and file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the SEC. The registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, such reports and other information will be available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The SEC filings of Medical Properties and the Operating Partnership are also available free of charge at http://www.medicalpropertiestrust.com. The foregoing website address is an inactive textual reference only, meaning that the information contained on the website is not a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated in this prospectus by reference. Information may also be obtained from us at Medical Properties Trust, Inc., 1000 Urban Center Drive, Suite 501, Birmingham, Alabama 35242, Attention: Chief Financial Officer. Medical Properties Trust, Inc.’s telephone number is (205) 969-3755.
We have not authorized anyone to give you any information or to make any representations about us or the transactions we discuss in this prospectus other than those contained in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus we authorize to be delivered to you. If you are given any information or representations about these matters that is not discussed in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus we authorize to be delivered to you, you must not rely on that information. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy securities anywhere or to anyone where or to whom we are not permitted to offer or sell securities under applicable law.
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We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below (other than information furnished pursuant to Item 2.01, Item 7.01 or exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K) and any future filings Medical Properties and the Operating Partnership make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including any filings after the date of this prospectus (other than information furnished pursuant to Item 2.01, Item 7.01 or exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K):
| • | combined Annual Report on Form 10-K of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 3, 2025; |
| • | Definitive Proxy Statement and additional definitive materials on Schedule 14A of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. filed with the SEC on April 17, 2025 (solely to the extent specifically incorporated by reference into the combined Annual Report on Form 10-K of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. for the year ended December 31, 2024); |
| • | combined Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. for the quarter ended March 31, 2025; and |
| • | combined Current Reports on Form 8-K of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. filed on January 29, 2025, January 31, 2025 and February 18, 2025. |
The information incorporated by reference herein is an important part of this prospectus. Any statement in a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent a statement contained in (1) this prospectus, or (2) any other subsequently filed document that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, modifies or supersedes such statement. We will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, on written or oral request of that person, a copy of any or all of the documents we are incorporating by reference into this prospectus other than exhibits to those documents unless those exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into those documents. A written request should be addressed to Investor Relations, Medical Properties Trust, Inc., 1000 Urban Center Drive, Suite 501, Birmingham, Alabama 35242. Telephone: (205) 969-3755.
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PART II. INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
| Item 14. | Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution |
We have and will continue to incur the following expected expenses (other than the underwriting discounts and commissions) in connection with the securities being registered hereby. All amounts, other than the SEC registration fee, are estimated. We expect to incur additional fees in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities registered hereby but the amount of such expenses cannot be estimated at this time as they will depend upon the nature of the securities offered, the form and timing of such offerings and other related matters:
| Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee |
$ | * | ||
| Legal Fees and Expenses |
* | * | ||
| Accounting Fees and Expenses |
* | * | ||
| Printing and Engraving Expenses |
* | * | ||
| Transfer Agent and Trustee Fees |
* | * | ||
| Miscellaneous |
* | * | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Total |
$ | * | * | |
|
|
|
| * | To be deferred pursuant to Rule 456(b) under the Securities Act and calculated in connection with the offering of securities under this registration statement pursuant to Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act. |
| ** | These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. |
| Item 15. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers |
Medical Properties Trust, Inc.
Medical Properties Trust, Inc. maintains a directors and officers liability insurance policy. The company’s charter limits the personal liability of its directors and officers for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted under current Maryland law, and the charter and bylaws provide that a director or officer shall be indemnified to the fullest extent required or permitted by Maryland law from and against any claim or liability to which such director or officer may become subject by reason of his or her status as a director or officer of the company. Maryland law allows directors and officers to be indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements, and expenses actually incurred in any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service on those or other capacities, unless the following can be established:
| • | the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| • | the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| • | with respect to any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe his or her act or omission was unlawful. |
The company’s stockholders have no personal liability for indemnification payments or other obligations under any indemnification agreements or arrangements. However, indemnification could reduce the legal remedies available to the company and the company’s stockholders against the indemnified individuals.
This provision for indemnification of the company’s directors and officers does not limit a stockholder’s ability to obtain injunctive relief or other equitable remedies for a violation of a director’s or an officer’s duties to the company or to the company’s stockholders, although these equitable remedies may not be effective in some circumstances.
In addition to any indemnification to which the company’s directors and officers are entitled pursuant to the charter and bylaws and the Maryland General Corporation Law, the charter and bylaws provide that, with the
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approval of the Company’s board of directors, the company may indemnify other employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted under Maryland law, whether they are serving the company or, at the company’s request, any other entity.
The company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers, which the company refers to in this context as indemnitees. The indemnification agreements provide that the company will, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law, indemnify and defend each indemnitee against all losses and expenses incurred as a result of his current or past service as its director or officer, or incurred by reason of the fact that, while he was the company’s director or officer, he was serving at the company’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of a corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or employee benefit plan. The company has agreed to pay expenses incurred by an indemnitee before the final disposition of a claim provided that he provides the company with a written affirmation that he has met the standard of conduct required for indemnification and a written undertaking to repay the amount the company pays or reimburses if it is ultimately determined that he has not met the standard of conduct required for indemnification. The company is to pay expenses within 20 days of receiving the indemnitee’s written request for such an advance. Indemnitees are entitled to select counsel to defend against indemnifiable claims.
The general effect to investors of any arrangement under which any person who controls the company or any of the company’s directors, officers or agents is insured or indemnified against liability is a potential reduction in distributions to the company’s stockholders resulting from the company’s payment of premiums associated with liability insurance.
MPT Operating Partnership, L.P.
Section 17-108 of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act empowers a Delaware limited partnership to indemnify and hold harmless any partner or other person from and against all claims and demands whatsoever, subject to such standards and restrictions, if any, as are set forth in its partnership agreement.
The limited partnership agreement of MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. provides that the partnership shall indemnify its general partner, Medical Properties Trust, LLC, Medical Properties Trust, Inc., and any director, officer or employee of the partnership, the general partner, or Medical Properties Trust, Inc. from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, that relate to the operations of the limited partnerships as set forth in the limited partnership agreement, in which such indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, unless it is established that: (i) the act or omission of the indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; (ii) the indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
MPT Finance Corporation
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, provides that a corporation may indemnify any person, including an officer or director, who was or is, or is threatened to be made, a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of such corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or
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not opposed to the best interests of such corporation, and, with respect to any criminal actions and proceedings, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
A Delaware corporation may indemnify any person, including an officer or director, who was or is, or is threatened to be made, a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of such corporation, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to such corporation’s best interests except that no indemnification is permitted without judicial approval if such officer or director is adjudged to be liable to such corporation. Where an officer or director of a corporation is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to above, or any claim, issue or matter therein, the corporation must indemnify that person against the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) which such person actually and reasonably incurred in connection therewith.
The certificate of incorporation of MPT Finance Corporation provides that MPT Finance Corporation shall indemnify to the full extent authorized or permitted by law (as now or hereafter in effect) any person made, or threatened to be made a party or witness to any action, suit or proceeding (whether civil or criminal or otherwise) by reason of the fact that he, his testator or intestate, is or was a director or an officer of MPT Finance Corporation or by reason of the fact that such person, at the request of MPT Finance Corporation, is or was serving any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, in any capacity.
| Item 16. | Exhibits |
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| * | To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of the securities. |
| Item 17. | Undertakings |
Each of the undersigned Registrants hereby undertakes:
1. To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by any such registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
2. That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
3. To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
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4. That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
5. That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:
The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
6. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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7. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
8. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the “TIA”) in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)2 of the TIA.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Birmingham, Alabama on June 2, 2025.
| MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ R. Steven Hamner | |
| R. Steven Hamner | ||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Edward K. Aldag, Jr. and R. Steven Hamner, and each of them, with full power to act without the other, such person’s true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this registration statement and any and all amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) and any related registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act and to file the same, with all exhibits and schedules thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and hereby grants to such attorney-in-fact and agent, full power of authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his or her substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
| /s/ Edward K. Aldag, Jr. Edward K. Aldag, Jr. |
Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ R. Steven Hamner R. Steven Hamner |
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial Officer) | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ J. Kevin Hanna J. Kevin Hanna |
Senior Vice President, Controller, Assistant Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ G. Steven Dawson G. Steven Dawson |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ Caterina A. Mozingo Caterina A. Mozingo |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
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| Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
| /s/ Emily W. Murphy Emily W. Murphy |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ Elizabeth N. Pitman Elizabeth N. Pitman |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ D. Paul Sparks, Jr. D. Paul Sparks, Jr. |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ Michael G. Stewart Michael G. Stewart |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ C. Reynolds Thompson, III C. Reynolds Thompson, III |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Birmingham, Alabama on June 2, 2025.
| MPT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. | ||
| BY: MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, LLC, ITS GENERAL PARTNER | ||
| BY: MEDICAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC., ITS SOLE MEMBER | ||
| By: | /s/ R. Steven Hamner | |
| R. Steven Hamner | ||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Edward K. Aldag, Jr. and R. Steven Hamner, and each of them, with full power to act without the other, such person’s true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this registration statement and any and all amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) and any related registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act and to file the same, with all exhibits and schedules thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and hereby grants to such attorney-in-fact and agent, full power of authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his or her substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated, on behalf of Medical Properties Trust, Inc., the sole member of Medical Properties Trust, LLC, the sole general partner of MPT Operating Partnership, L.P.
| Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
| /s/ Edward K. Aldag, Jr. Edward K. Aldag, Jr. |
Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ R. Steven Hamner R. Steven Hamner |
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial Officer) | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ J. Kevin Hanna J. Kevin Hanna |
Senior Vice President, Controller, Assistant Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | June 2, 2025 | ||
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| Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
| /s/ G. Steven Dawson G. Steven Dawson |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ Caterina A. Mozingo Caterina A. Mozingo |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ Emily W. Murphy Emily W. Murphy |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ Elizabeth N. Pitman Elizabeth N. Pitman |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ D. Paul Sparks, Jr. D. Paul Sparks, Jr. |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ Michael G. Stewart Michael G. Stewart |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ C. Reynolds Thompson, III C. Reynolds Thompson, III |
Director | June 2, 2025 | ||
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Birmingham, Alabama on June 2, 2025.
| MPT FINANCE CORPORATION | ||
| By: | /s/ R. Steven Hamner | |
| R. Steven Hamner | ||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Edward K. Aldag, Jr. and R. Steven Hamner, and each of them, with full power to act without the other, such person’s true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this registration statement and any and all amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) and any related registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act and to file the same, with all exhibits and schedules thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and hereby grants to such attorney-in-fact and agent, full power of authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his or her substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
| /s/ Edward K. Aldag, Jr. Edward K. Aldag, Jr. |
Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ R. Steven Hamner R. Steven Hamner |
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial Officer) | June 2, 2025 | ||
| /s/ J. Kevin Hanna J. Kevin Hanna |
Senior Vice President, Controller, Assistant Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | June 2, 2025 | ||
Exhibit 5.1
[Goodwin Procter Letterhead]
June 2, 2025
Medical Properties Trust, Inc.
MPT Operating Partnership, L.P.
MPT Finance Corporation
1000 Urban Center Drive, Suite 501
Birmingham, AL 35242
| Re: | Securities Being Registered under Registration Statement on Form S-3 |
We have acted as counsel to you in connection with your filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (as amended or supplemented, the “Registration Statement”) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the issuance and/or sale from time to time of any combination of (i) common stock, par value $0.001 per share ( “Common Stock”), of Medical Properties Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), (ii) preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (“Preferred Stock”), (iii) debt securities ( “Debt Securities”) of MPT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), and MPT Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“MPT Finance” and, together with the Operating Partnership, the “Issuers”), and (iv) guarantees of Debt Securities (“Guarantees”) by the Company. The Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities and Guarantees are referred to collectively herein as the “Securities.” The Securities may be issued in an unspecified number (with respect to Common Stock and Preferred Stock) or in an unspecified principal amount (with respect to Debt Securities and Guarantees). The Registration Statement provides that the Securities may be offered separately or together, in separate series, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more prospectus supplements (each a “Prospectus Supplement”) to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement.
We have reviewed such documents and made such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinions set forth below. We have relied, without independent verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinions set forth below, on certificates of officers of the Issuers and the Company.
The opinions set forth below are limited to the Maryland General Corporation Law (which includes reported judicial decisions interpreting the Maryland General Corporation Law), the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act and the law of New York.
For purposes of the opinions set forth below, without limiting any other exceptions or qualifications set forth herein, we have assumed that (i) after the issuance of any Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement, the total number of issued shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, together with the total number of shares of such stock issuable upon the exercise, exchange, conversion or settlement, as the case may be, of any exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security, as the case may be, then outstanding, will not exceed the total number of authorized shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, then available for issuance under the Company’s articles of incorporation as then in effect (the “Charter”), and (ii) each of the Debt Securities, Guarantees, indentures and other agreements governing the Debt Securities and Guarantees offered pursuant to the Registration Statement will be governed by the internal law of New York.
For purposes of the opinions set forth below, we refer to the following as the “Future Approval and Issuance” of Securities:
| • | with respect to any of the Securities, (a) the approval by the Issuers or the Company, as applicable, of the amount, terms and issuance, as applicable, of such Securities (the “Approval”) and (b) the issuance of such Securities in accordance with the Approval upon the receipt by the Issuers or the Company, as applicable, of the consideration (which, in the case of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, is not less than the par value of such shares) to be paid in accordance with the Approval; |
| • | with respect to Preferred Stock, (a) the establishment of the terms of such Preferred Stock by the Company in conformity with the Charter and applicable law and (b) the execution, acknowledgement and filing with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation, and the effectiveness of, a certificate of designations to the Charter setting forth the terms of such Preferred Stock in accordance with the Charter and applicable law; |
| • | with respect to Debt Securities, (a) the approval, execution and delivery of the indenture or a supplemental indenture relating to such Debt Securities by the Issuers and the trustee thereunder and/or (b) the establishment of the terms of such Debt Securities by the Issuers in conformity with the applicable indenture or supplemental indenture and applicable law, and (c) the execution, authentication and issuance of such Debt Securities in accordance with the applicable indenture or supplemental indenture and applicable law; and |
| • | with respect to the Guarantees, (a) the approval by the Company of the terms and issuance of the Guarantees (the “Company Approval”) and (b) the issuance of such Guarantees in accordance with the Company Approval. |
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the additional qualifications set forth below, we are of the opinion that:
| 1. | Upon the Future Approval and Issuance of shares of Common Stock, such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. |
| 2. | Upon the Future Approval and Issuance of shares of Preferred Stock, such shares of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. |
| 3. | Upon the Future Approval and Issuance of Debt Securities, such Debt Securities will be valid and binding obligations of the Issuers. |
| 4. | Upon the Future Approval and Issuance of Guarantees, such Guarantees will be valid and binding obligations of the Company. |
The opinions expressed above are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and to general principles of equity.
This opinion letter and the opinions it contains shall be interpreted in accordance with the Core Opinion Principles as published in 74 Business Lawyer 815 (Summer 2019).
We hereby consent to the inclusion of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the references to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving our consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
| Very truly yours, |
| /S/ GOODWIN PROCTER LLP |
| GOODWIN PROCTER LLP |
Exhibit 8.1
|
1901 SIXTH AVENUE NORTH | |||
| SUITE 2600 | ||||
| BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 35203
| ||||
| PHONE: | 205.328.0480 | |||
| FAX: | 205.322.8007 | |||
| www.bakerdonelson.com | ||||
June 2, 2025
Medical Properties Trust, Inc.
1000 Urban Center Drive, Suite 501
Birmingham, Alabama 35242
| Re: | Medical Properties Trust, Inc. |
Qualification as a Real Estate Investment Trust
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Medical Properties Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the preparation of the registration statement on Form S-3 ASR (the “Registration Statement”) and Prospectus (the “Prospectus”) dated June 2, 2025 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You have requested our opinion regarding certain United States federal income tax matters.
The Company, through MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and its subsidiary limited liability companies and partnerships (collectively the “Subsidiaries”), owns interests in healthcare facilities. The Operating Partnership owns MPT Development Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation, MPT Finance Corporation, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and other entities taxable as corporations which have made joint elections with the Company to be taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal income tax purposes under Section 856(l) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
In giving the opinions rendered below, we have examined the following documents:
| 1. | The Company’s Articles of Incorporation filed on August 27, 2003 with the Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland, as amended and restated by Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement filed on March 29, 2004 and as corrected by the Certificate of Correction to the Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement filed on January 3, 2005, as further amended by Articles of Amendment to the Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement filed October 20, 2005, Articles of Amendment filed January 9, 2009, Articles of Amendment filed January 30, 2012, Articles of Amendment filed June 23, 2015 and Articles of Amendment filed August 4, 2015 and Articles of Amendment dated November 4, 2019; |
| 2. | The Company’s Second Amended and Restated Bylaws; |
| ALABAMA • FLORIDA • GEORGIA • LOUISIANA • MARYLAND • MISSISSIPPI • NOR5TH CAROLINA• SOUTH CAROLINA • TENNESSEE • TEXAS • VIRGINIA • WASHINGTON, D.C. |
| Medical Properties Trust, Inc. June 2, 2025 Page 2
|
| 3. | The Registration Statement; |
| 4. | The Prospectus; |
| 5. | The First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership dated February 29, 2004 and all amendments thereto and the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership dated July 31, 2007 (the “Operating Partnership Agreement”), as amended; and |
| 6. | Such other documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate. |
In connection with the opinions rendered below, we have assumed, with your consent, that:
| 1. | each of the documents referred to above has been duly authorized, executed, and delivered; is authentic, if an original, or is accurate, if a copy; and has not been amended; |
| 2. | except for the Company, for which no assumption is made, each partner of the Operating Partnership (a “Partner”) that is a corporation or other entity has a valid legal existence; and |
| 3. | each Partner has full power, authority, and legal right to enter into and to perform the terms of the Operating Partnership Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby. |
In connection with the opinions rendered below, we also have relied upon the correctness of the factual representations and covenants contained in that certain certificate dated June 2, 2025 executed by R. Steven Hamner as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company (the “Officer’s Certificate”). To the extent such representations and covenants speak to the intended ownership or operations of the Company, we assume that the Company will in fact be owned and operated in accordance with such stated intent.
Based on the documents and assumptions set forth above and the factual representations set forth in the Officer’s Certificate, we are of the opinion that:
| (a) | The Company is and has been qualified to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) pursuant to Sections 856 through 860 of the Code commencing with its initial taxable year ended December 31, 2004, and the Company’s current and proposed method of operations as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and as represented to us by the Company satisfies currently, and will enable the Company to continue to satisfy in the future, the requirements for such qualification and taxation as a real estate investment trust under the Code; and |
| (b) | The descriptions of the law and the legal conclusions contained in the Registration Statement and Prospectus under the caption “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” under the subheadings “Taxation of Our Company,” “Requirements for Qualification,” “Tax Aspects of Our Investments in Our Operating Partnership and Subsidiary Partnerships,” “Other Tax Consequences,” and “Taxation of Our Stockholders” are correct in all material respects, and the discussion thereunder fairly summarizes the federal income tax considerations that are likely to be material to a holder of the common stock of the Company. |
| Medical Properties Trust, Inc. June 2, 2025 Page 3
|
We will not review on a continuing basis the Company’s compliance with the documents or assumptions set forth above, or the representations set forth in the Officer’s Certificate. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of the Company’s operations for any given taxable year will satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
The foregoing opinions are based on current provisions of the Code and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Regulations”), published administrative interpretations thereof, and published court decisions. The Internal Revenue Service has not issued Regulations or administrative interpretations with respect to various provisions of the Code relating to REIT qualification. No assurance can be given that the law will not change in a way that will prevent the Company from qualifying as a REIT.
The foregoing opinions are limited to the United States federal income tax matters addressed herein, and no other opinions are rendered with respect to other federal tax matters or to any issues arising under the tax laws of any other country, or any state or locality. We undertake no obligation to update the opinions expressed herein after the date of this letter. This opinion letter is solely for the information and use of the addressee and the purchasers of the securities of the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (except as provided in the next paragraph), and it speaks only as of the date hereof. Except as provided in the next paragraph, this opinion letter may not be distributed, relied upon for any purpose by any other person, quoted in whole or in part or otherwise reproduced in any document, or filed with any governmental agency without our prior express written consent.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz, P.C. under the captions “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations” and “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of the persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the SEC.
| Very truly yours, |
| /s/ Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz, P.C. |
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. of our reports dated March 3, 2025 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedules and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Medical Properties Trust, Inc. and MPT Operating Partnership, L.P. for the year ended December 31, 2024. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Birmingham, Alabama
June 2, 2025
Exhibit 25.1
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM T-1
| ☐ | Check if an Application to Determine Eligibility of a Trustee Pursuant to Section 305(b)(2) |
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
(Exact name of trustee as specified in its charter)
16-1486454
(I.R.S. employer identification no.)
1100 North Market Street
Wilmington, DE 19890-0001
(Address of principal executive offices)
Kyle Barry
Senior Vice President
Wilmington Trust Company
285 Delaware Ave.
Buffalo, NY 14202
(716) 839-6909
(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)
Medical Properties Trust, Inc.
MPT Operating Partnership, L.P.
MPT Finance Corporation
(Exact name of obligor as specified in its charter)
| Maryland Delaware Delaware |
20-0191742 20-0242069 45-1537205 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1000 Urban Center Drive, Suite 501
Birmingham, Alabama 35242
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
Debt Securities
(Title of the indenture securities)
ITEM 1. GENERAL INFORMATION.
Furnish the following information as to the trustee:
| (a) | Name and address of each examining or supervising authority to which it is subject. |
Comptroller of Currency, Washington, D.C.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C.
| (b) | Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers. |
The trustee is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.
ITEM 2. AFFILIATIONS WITH THE OBLIGOR.
If the obligor is an affiliate of the trustee, describe each affiliation:
Based upon an examination of the books and records of the trustee and information available to the trustee, the obligor is not an affiliate of the trustee.
ITEM 3 – 15. Not applicable.
ITEM 16. LIST OF EXHIBITS.
Listed below are all exhibits filed as part of this Statement of Eligibility and Qualification.
| 1. | A copy of the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association. |
| 2. | The authority of Wilmington Trust, National Association to commence business was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 above. |
| 3. | The authorization to exercise corporate trust powers was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 above. |
| 4. | A copy of the existing By-Laws of Trustee, as now in effect, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4of this Form T-1. |
| 5. | Not applicable. |
| 6. | The consent of Wilmington Trust, National Association as required by Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, attached hereto as Exhibit 6 of this Form T-1. |
| 7. | Current Report of the Condition of Wilmington Trust, National Association, published pursuant to law or the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, attached hereto as Exhibit 7 of this Form T-1. |
| 8. | Not applicable. |
| 9. | Not applicable. |
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, the trustee, Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, has duly caused this Statement of Eligibility to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of Wilmington and State of Delaware on the 2nd day of June, 2025.
| WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | ||
| By: | /s/ Michael H. Wass | |
| Name: Michael H. Wass | ||
| Title: Vice President | ||
EXHIBIT 1
CHARTER OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
OF
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
For the purpose of organizing an association to perform any lawful activities of national banks, the undersigned do enter into the following articles of association:
FIRST. The title of this association shall be Wilmington Trust, National Association.
SECOND. The main office of the association shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The general business of the association shall be conducted at its main office and its branches.
THIRD. The board of directors of this association shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five persons, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Each director shall own common or preferred stock of the association or of a holding company owning the association, with an aggregate par, fair market or equity value $1,000. Determination of these values may be based as of either (i) the date of purchase or (ii) the date the person became a director, whichever value is greater. Any combination of common or preferred stock of the association or holding company may be used.
Any vacancy in the board of directors may be filled by action of a majority of the remaining directors between meetings of shareholders. The board of directors may not increase the number of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which:
| 1) | exceeds by more than two the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 15 or less; or |
| 2) | exceeds by more than four the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 16 or more, but in no event shall the number of directors exceed 25, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. |
Directors shall be elected for terms of one year and until their successors are elected and qualified. Terms of directors, including directors selected to fill vacancies, shall expire at the next regular meeting of shareholders at which directors are elected, unless the directors resign or are removed from office. Despite the expiration of a director’s term, the director shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until there is a decrease in the number of directors and his or her position is eliminated.
Honorary or advisory members of the board of directors, without voting power or power of final decision in matters concerning the business of the association, may be appointed by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors, or by resolution of shareholders at any annual or special meeting. Honorary or advisory directors shall not be counted to determine the number of directors of the association or the presence of a quorum in connection with any board action, and shall not be required to own qualifying shares.
FOURTH. There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may be brought before the meeting. It shall be held at the main office or any other convenient place the board of directors may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the bylaws, or, if that day falls on a legal holiday in the state in which the association is located, on the next following banking day. If no election is held on the day fixed, or in the event of a legal holiday on the following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the day fixed, to be
designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the day, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares issued and outstanding. In all cases at least 10 days advance notice of the time, place and purpose of a shareholders’ meeting shall be given to the shareholders by first class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. The sole shareholder of the bank is permitted to waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting.
In all elections of directors, the number of votes each common shareholder may cast will be determined by multiplying the number of shares such shareholder owns by the number of directors to be elected. Those votes may be cumulated and cast for a single candidate or may be distributed among two or more candidates in the manner selected by the shareholder. If, after the first ballot, subsequent ballots are necessary to elect directors, a shareholder may not vote shares that he or she has already fully cumulated and voted in favor of a successful candidate. On all other questions, each common shareholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him or her.
Nominations for election to the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for election of directors. Nominations other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management shall be made in writing and be delivered or mailed to the president of the association not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nominations shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:
| 1) | The name and address of each proposed nominee. |
| 2) | The principal occupation of each proposed nominee. |
| 3) | The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee. |
| 4) | The name and residence address of the notifying shareholder. |
| 5) | The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder. |
Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such nominee. No bylaw may unreasonably restrict the nomination of directors by shareholders.
A director may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the board of directors, its chairperson, or to the association, which resignation shall be effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.
A director may be removed by shareholders at a meeting called to remove the director, when notice of the meeting stating that the purpose or one of the purposes is to remove the director is provided, if there is a failure to fulfill one of the affirmative requirements for qualification, or for cause; provided, however, that a director may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect the director under cumulative voting is voted against the director’s removal.
FIFTH. The authorized amount of capital stock of this association shall be ten thousand shares of common stock of the par value of one hundred dollars ($100) each; but said capital stock may be increased or decreased from time to time, according to the provisions of the laws of the United States.
No holder of shares of the capital stock of any class of the association shall have any preemptive or preferential right of subscription to any shares of any class of stock of the association, whether now or hereafter authorized, or to any obligations convertible into stock of the association, issued, or sold, nor any right of subscription to any thereof other than such, if any, as the board of directors, in its discretion, may from time to time determine and at such price as the board of directors may from time to time fix. Preemptive rights also must be approved by a vote of holders of two-thirds of the bank’s outstanding voting shares. Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, (1) all matters requiring shareholder action, including amendments to the articles of association, must be approved by shareholders owning a majority voting interest in the outstanding voting stock, and (2) each shareholder shall be entitled to one vote per share.
Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, all shares of voting stock shall be voted together as a class, on any matters requiring shareholder approval. If a proposed amendment would affect two or more classes or series in the same or a substantially similar way, all the classes or series so affected must vote together as a single voting group on the proposed amendment.
Shares of one class or series may be issued as a dividend for shares of the same class or series on a pro rata basis and without consideration. Shares of one class or series may be issued as share dividends for a different class or series of stock if approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the class or series to be issued, unless there are no outstanding shares of the class or series to be issued. Unless otherwise provided by the board of directors, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a share dividend shall be the date authorized by the board of directors for the share dividend.
Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting is the close of business on the day before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than 70 days before the meeting.
If a shareholder is entitled to fractional shares pursuant to a stock dividend, consolidation or merger, reverse stock split or otherwise, the association may: (a) issue fractional shares; (b) in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares, issue script or warrants entitling the holder to receive a full share upon surrendering enough script or warrants to equal a full share; (c) if there is an established and active market in the association’s stock, make reasonable arrangements to provide the shareholder with an opportunity to realize a fair price through sale of the fraction, or purchase of the additional fraction required for a full share; (d) remit the cash equivalent of the fraction to the shareholder; or (e) sell full shares representing all the fractions at public auction or to the highest bidder after having solicited and received sealed bids from at least three licensed stock brokers; and distribute the proceeds pro rata to shareholders who otherwise would be entitled to the fractional shares. The holder of a fractional share is entitled to exercise the rights for shareholder, including the right to vote, to receive dividends, and to participate in the assets of the association upon liquidation, in proportion to the fractional interest. The holder of script or warrants is not entitled to any of these rights unless the script or warrants explicitly provide for such rights. The script or warrants may be subject to such additional conditions as: (1) that the script or warrants will become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date; and (2) that the shares for which the script or warrants are exchangeable may be sold at the option of the association and the proceeds paid to scriptholders.
The association, at any time and from time to time, may authorize and issue debt obligations, whether or not subordinated, without the approval of the shareholders. Obligations classified as debt, whether or not subordinated, which may be issued by the association without the approval of shareholders, do not carry voting rights on any issue, including an increase or decrease in the aggregate number of the securities, or the exchange or reclassification of all or part of securities into securities of another class or series.
SIXTH. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members president of this association, and one of its members chairperson of the board and shall have the power to appoint one or more vice presidents, a secretary who shall keep minutes of the directors’ and shareholders’ meetings and be responsible for authenticating the records of the association, and such other officers and employees as may be required to transact the business of this association.
A duly appointed officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws.
The board of directors shall have the power to:
| 1) | Define the duties of the officers, employees, and agents of the association. |
| 2) | Delegate the performance of its duties, but not the responsibility for its duties, to the officers, employees, and agents of the association. |
| 3) | Fix the compensation and enter into employment contracts with its officers and employees upon reasonable terms and conditions consistent with applicable law. |
| 4) | Dismiss officers and employees. |
| 5) | Require bonds from officers and employees and to fix the penalty thereof. |
| 6) | Ratify written policies authorized by the association’s management or committees of the board. |
| 7) | Regulate the manner in which any increase or decrease of the capital of the association shall be made, provided that nothing herein shall restrict the power of shareholders to increase or decrease the capital of the association in accordance with law, and nothing shall raise or lower from two-thirds the percentage required for shareholder approval to increase or reduce the capital. |
| 8) | Manage and administer the business and affairs of the association. |
| 9) | Adopt initial bylaws, not inconsistent with law or the articles of association, for managing the business and regulating the affairs of the association. |
| 10) | Amend or repeal bylaws, except to the extent that the articles of association reserve this power in whole or in part to shareholders. |
| 11) | Make contracts. |
| 12) | Generally perform all acts that are legal for a board of directors to perform. |
SEVENTH. The board of directors shall have the power to change the location of the main office to any other place within the limits of Wilmington, Delaware, without the approval of the shareholders, or with a vote of shareholders owning two-thirds of the stock of such association for a relocation outside such limits and upon receipt of a certificate of approval from the Comptroller of the Currency, to any other location within or outside the limits of Wilmington Delaware, but not more than 30 miles beyond such limits. The board of directors shall have the power to establish or change the location of any branch or branches of the association to any other location permitted under applicable law, without approval of shareholders, subject to approval by the Comptroller of the Currency.
EIGHTH. The corporate existence of this association shall continue until termination according to the laws of the United States.
NINTH. The board of directors of this association, or any one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than 50 percent of the stock of this association, may call a special meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or the laws of the United States, a notice of the time, place, and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall be given at least 10 days prior to the meeting by first-class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. If the association is a wholly-owned subsidiary, the sole shareholder may waive notice of the shareholders’ meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or these articles, any action requiring approval of shareholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting.
TENTH. For purposes of this Article Tenth, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).
Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.
Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these articles of association and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum
consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.
In the event that a majority of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.
In the event that all of the members of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.
To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these articles of association, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these articles of association with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.
The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in these articles of association, the bylaws, a resolution of stockholders, a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.
If this Article Tenth or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Article Tenth shall remain fully enforceable.
The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these articles of association; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage to pay or reimburse any institution-affiliated party for the cost of any judgment or civil money penalty assessed against such person in an administrative proceeding or civil action commenced by any federal banking agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution-affiliated parties.
ELEVENTH. These articles of association may be amended at any regular or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of this association, unless the vote of the holders of a greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the holders of such greater amount. The association’s board of directors may propose one or more amendments to the articles of association for submission to the shareholders.
EXHIBIT 4
BY-LAWS OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
(Effective as of March 7, 2024)
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
ARTICLE I
Meetings of Shareholders
Section 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of shareholders shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated by the chair of the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer, the president, the chief operating officer, the secretary, or the Board of Directors for the purpose of the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting, except such date shall not be a legal holiday in Delaware. Notice of the meeting shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 10 days and no more than 60 days prior to the date thereof, addressed to each shareholder at his or her address appearing on the books of the association. If, for any cause, an election of directors is not made on that date, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the date fixed, to be designated by the Board of Directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the date, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares. In these circumstances, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first class mail to shareholders.
Section 2. Special Meetings. The chair of the Board of Directors, the president, the chief executive officer, the secretary, or the Board of Directors may call a special meeting of the shareholders. A special meeting shall be called to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of shareholders upon the written request of shareholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at the meeting. Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be called by mailing, postage prepaid, not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting, to each shareholder at the address appearing on the books of the association a notice stating the purpose of the meeting.
The Board of Directors may fix a record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice and to vote at any meeting, in reasonable proximity to the date of giving notice to the shareholders of such meeting. The record date for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting is the date the first shareholder signs a demand for the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held.
Section 3. Adjournment. If an annual or special shareholders’ meeting is adjourned to a different date, time, or place, notice need not be given of the new date, time or place, if the new date, time or place is announced at the meeting before adjournment, unless any additional items of business are to be considered, or the association becomes aware of an intervening event materially affecting any matter to be voted on more than 10 days prior to the date to which the meeting is adjourned. If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed, however, notice of the adjourned meeting must be given to persons who are shareholders as of the new record date. If, however, the meeting to elect the directors is adjourned before the election takes place, at least ten days’ notice of the new election must be given to the shareholders by first-class mail.
- 1 -
Section 4. Nominations of Directors. Nominations for election to the Board of Directors may be made by the Board of Directors or by any shareholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for the election of directors. Nominations, other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management of the association, shall be made in writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the president of the association, not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days’ notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:
| (1) | The name and address of each proposed nominee; |
| (2) | The principal occupation of each proposed nominee; |
| (3) | The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee; |
| (4) | The name and residence of the notifying shareholder; and |
| (5) | The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder |
Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chair of the meeting, and upon his/her instructions, all votes cast for each such nominee may be disregarded.
Section 5. Proxies. Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing, but no officer or employee of this association shall act as proxy. A director or an attorney of the association may act as proxy for shareholders voting if they are not also employed as an officer of the association. Proxies shall be valid only for one meeting, to be specified therein, and any adjournments of such meeting. Proxies shall be dated and filed with the records of the meeting. Proxies with facsimile signatures may be used and unexecuted proxies may be counted upon receipt of a written confirmation from the shareholder. Proxies meeting the above requirements submitted at any time during a meeting shall be accepted.
Section 6. Quorum. A majority of the outstanding capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by law, but less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. A majority of the votes cast shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting, unless otherwise provided by law or by the articles of association. If a meeting for the election of directors is not held on the fixed date, at least 10 days’ notice must be given by first-class mail to the shareholders.
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ARTICLE II
Directors
Section 1. Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall have the power to manage and administer the business and affairs of the association. Except as expressly limited by law, all corporate powers of the association shall be vested in and may be exercised by the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Number. The Board of Directors shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five members, unless the OCC has exempted the association from the 25-member limit. The exact number within such minimum and maximum limits is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full Board of Directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any meeting thereof. The Board of Directors may not increase the number of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which: (a) exceeds by more than 2 the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 15 or less; or (b) exceeds by more than 4 the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 16 or more, but in no event shall the number of directors exceed 25, unless the OCC has exempted the association from the 25-member limit.
Section 3. Qualifications. Each director must be a citizen of the United States and must own in his or her own right either shares of the capital stock of the association or a company that controls the association that has not less than an aggregate par value of $1,000, an aggregate shareholders’ equity of $1,000, or an aggregate fair market value of $1,000. The value of the common or preferred stock held by a director is valued as of the date purchased or the date on which the individual became a director, whichever is greater.
Section 4. Organization Meeting. After each annual meeting of shareholders at which directors shall have been elected, the Board of Directors shall meet as soon as practicable for the purpose of organization and the transaction of other business. Such first regular meeting shall be held at any place as may be designated by the chair, the president or the Board of Directors for such first regular meeting or, in default of such designation, where the immediately preceding meeting of shareholders was held.
Section 5. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held on such dates and at such places as may be designated from time to time by the chair. No notice of regular meetings shall be necessary.
Section 6. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called at any time by the chair, the chief executive officer, the president or by a majority of the then- acting directors by vote at a meeting or in writing, or by a majority of the members of the executive committee, if one is constituted, by vote at a meeting or in writing. A special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held on such date and at any place as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. In the absence of such designation, such meeting shall be held at such place as may be designated in the call. Each member of the Board of Directors shall be given notice stating the date, time and place, by letter, electronic delivery or in person, of each special meeting not less than one day before the meeting. Such notice need not specify the purpose for which the meeting is called, unless required by the Articles of Association or the bylaws.
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Section 7. Quorum. A majority of the entire Board then in office shall constitute a quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by law or these Bylaws, but a lesser number may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. If the number of directors present at the meeting is reduced below the number that would constitute a quorum, no business may be transacted, except selecting directors to fill vacancies in conformance with Article II, Section 11. If a quorum is present, the board of directors may take action through the vote of a majority of the directors who are in attendance. No director may vote by proxy.
Section 8. Attendance by Electronic, Telephonic or Similar Means. Any one or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a regular or special meeting of such board or committee by, or conduct the meeting through the use of, conference telephone or other communications equipment by which all directors or committee members participating may simultaneously hear each other during the meeting. Participation in a meeting by these means constitutes presence in person at a meeting.
Section 9. Procedures. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of the Board of Directors may be determined by the person presiding at the meeting.
Section 10. Removal of Directors. Any director may be removed for cause at any meeting of shareholders, notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of the shareholders. Any director may be removed without cause at any meeting of shareholders, notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the association entitled to vote. Any director may be removed for cause at any meeting of the directors, notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors.
Section 11. Vacancies. When any vacancy occurs among the directors, a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors may appoint a director to fill such vacancy until the next election at any regular meeting of the Board of Directors, or at a special meeting called for that purpose at which a quorum is present, or if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the Board of Directors, by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors remaining in office, or by shareholders at a special meeting called for that purpose in conformance with Section 2 of Article I. A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date (by reason of a resignation effective at a later date) may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.
Section 12. Consent of Directors without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken by all members of the Board. The action may be evidenced by one or more written consents signed by each director before or after such action, describing the action taken, and included in the minutes or filed with the corporate records. A director’s consent to action taken without a meeting may be in electronic form and delivered by electronic means.
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Section 13. Ratification. The board of directors may ratify and make binding on the association any action or inaction by the association or its officers to the extent that the Board of Directors or the shareholders could have originally authorized the matter and as permitted by law. Moreover, any action or inaction questioned in any shareholders’ derivative proceeding or any other proceeding on the ground of lack of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of a director, officer or shareholder, non-disclosure, miscomputation, the application of improper principles or practices of accounting or otherwise, may be ratified, before or after judgment, by the Board of Directors or by the shareholders, and if so ratified, shall have the same force and effect as if the questioned action or inaction had been originally duly authorized, and such ratification shall be binding upon the shareholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any judgment in respect of such questioned action or inaction.
ARTICLE III
Committees
Section 1. Executive Committee. The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee, which shall have and may exercise, during the intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors, all the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business, properties and affairs of the association except as prohibited by law, the Articles of Association or these Bylaws. All acts done and powers conferred by the Executive Committee shall be deemed to be and may be certified as being, done or conferred under authority of the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Trust Audit Committee. Unless delegated pursuant to Section 5 of this Article III, there shall be a Trust Audit Committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the Board of Directors, which shall, at least once during each calendar year make suitable audits of the association’s fiduciary activities or cause suitable audits to be made by auditors responsible only to the Board, and at such time shall ascertain whether fiduciary powers have been administered according to law, Part 9 of the Regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, and sound fiduciary principles. Such committee: (1) must not include any officers of the association or an affiliate who participate significantly in the administration of the association’s fiduciary activities; and (2) must consist of a majority of members who are not also members of any committee to which the Board of Directors has delegated power to manage and control the fiduciary activities of the bank.
Section 3. Examining Committee. Unless delegated pursuant to Section 5 of this Article III, there shall be an examining committee composed of not less than 2 directors, exclusive of any active officers, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The duty of that committee shall be to examine at least once during each calendar year and within 15 months of the last examination the affairs of the association or cause suitable examinations to be made by auditors responsible only to the board of directors and to report the result of such examination in writing to the board of directors at the next regular meeting thereafter. Such report shall state whether the association is in a sound condition, and whether adequate internal controls and procedures are being maintained and shall recommend to the board of directors such changes in the manner of conducting the affairs of the association as shall be deemed advisable.
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Section 4. Other Committees. The Board of Directors may from time to time by resolution adopted by affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, appoint other committees of the Board of Directors which shall have such powers and duties as the Board of Directors may properly determine. No such other committee of the Board of Directors shall be composed of fewer than three (3) directors. The Board of Directors may also appoint one or more directors as alternative members of a committee. All acts done and powers conferred by the Board of Directors on committees of the Board of Directors shall be deemed to be and may be certified as being, done or conferred under that authority of the Board of Directors.
Section 5. Delegation of Responsibility and Authority. The responsibility, authority and constitution of any committee under this Article III may, if authorized by law, be given over to a duly constituted committee of the association’s parent corporation by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IV
Officers and Employees
Section 1 Officers. The Board of Directors shall annually, at the Annual Reorganization Meeting of the Board of Directors following the annual meeting of shareholders, appoint or elect a chair of the Board, a chief executive officer, a president, one (1) or more senior executive vice presidents, a corporate secretary, a treasurer, a chief auditor, and such other officers as it may determine, each to hold office until the next Annual Reorganization meeting.
The officers below the level of senior executive vice president may be elected as follows: the head of the Human Resources Department of M&T Bank, or his or her designee, may appoint officers up to and including (without limitation as to title or number) one (1) or more executive vice presidents, senior vice presidents, vice presidents, assistant vice presidents, assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers, and assistant auditors, and any other officer positions as they deem necessary and appropriate, except the chair of the board, chief executive officer, president, any “Executive Officer” of the association for the purposes of Regulation O (codified at 12 C.F.R. §215.2(e)(1)), and any “Senior Executive Officer” within the meaning of 12 C.F.R.
§5.51(c)(4) may only be appointed by the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Chair of the Board. The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members to be the chair of the Board to serve at its pleasure. Such person shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors. The chair of the Board shall supervise the carrying out of the policies adopted or approved by the Board of Directors; shall have general executive powers, as well as the specific powers conferred by these Bylaws; and shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned by the Board of Directors.
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Section 3. President. The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members to be the president of the association. The president shall be a member of the Board of Directors. In the absence of the chair, the president shall preside at any meeting of the Board of Directors. The president shall have general executive powers and shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation, or practice to the office of president, or imposed by these Bylaws. The president shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred or assigned by the Board of Directors.
Section 4. Vice President. The Board of Directors may appoint one or more vice presidents. Each vice president shall have such powers and duties as may be assigned by the Board of Directors. One vice president shall be designated by the Board of Directors, in the absence of the president, to perform all the duties of the president.
Section 5. Secretary. The Board of Directors shall appoint a secretary or other designated officer who shall be secretary of the Board of Directors and of the association and who shall keep accurate minutes of all meetings. The secretary shall attend to the giving of all notices required by these Bylaws; shall be custodian of the corporate seal, records, documents and papers of the association; shall provide for the keeping of proper records of all transactions of the association; shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation or practice, or imposed by these bylaws; and shall also perform such other duties as may be assigned from time to time, by the Board of Directors.
Section 6. Other Officers. The Board of Directors may appoint one or more assistant vice presidents, one or more trust officers, one or more officers, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, one or more managers and assistant managers of branches and such other officers and attorneys in fact as from time to time may appear to the Board of Directors to be required or desirable to transact the business of the association. Such officers shall respectively exercise such powers and perform such duties as pertain to their several offices, or as may be conferred upon or assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the chair of the Board, or the president. The Board of Directors may authorize an officer to appoint one or more officers or assistant officers.
Section 7. Resignation. An officer may resign at any time by delivering notice to the association. A resignation is effective when the notice is given unless the notice specifies a later effective date.
ARTICLE V
Stock and Stock Certificates
Section 1. Transfers. Shares of stock shall be transferable on the books of the association, and a transfer book shall be kept in which all transfers of stock shall be recorded. Every person becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall in proportion to such shareholder’s shares, succeed to all rights of the prior holder of such shares. The Board of Directors may impose conditions upon the transfer of the stock reasonably calculated to simplify the work of the association with respect to stock transfers, voting at shareholder meetings and related matters and to protect it against fraudulent transfers.
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Section 2. Stock Certificates. Certificates of stock shall bear the signature of the president (which may be engraved, printed or impressed) and shall be signed manually, by facsimile process, or electronic means by the secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or any other officer appointed by the Board of Directors for that purpose, to be known as an authorized officer, and the seal of the association shall be engraved thereon. Each certificate shall recite on its face that the stock represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the association properly endorsed and otherwise comply with the requirements of 12 U.S.C. 52 and 12 C.F.R. §7.2016(b).
Section 3. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. In case any certificate representing shares shall be lost, stolen or destroyed, the Board of Directors, in its discretion, or any officer or officers thereunder duly authorized by the Board of Directors, may authorize the issue of a substitute certificate or substitute shares in uncertificated form in the place of the certificate so lost, stolen or destroyed.
Section 4. Fixing of Record Date. The Board of Directors may set, in advance, a record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or determining shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any other rights, in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, shall be the close of business on the day before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than 10 days before the meeting.
ARTICLE VII
Corporate Seal
Section 1. Seal. The seal of the association shall be in such form as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. The president, the treasurer, the secretary or any assistant treasurer or assistant secretary, or other officer thereunto designated by the Board of Directors shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any document requiring such seal and to attest the same. The seal on any corporate obligation for the payment of money may be facsimile.
ARTICLE VIII
Miscellaneous Provisions
Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the association shall be the calendar year.
Section 2. Execution of Instruments. All agreements, indentures, mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts, discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies and other instruments or documents may be signed, executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association by any officer elected or appointed pursuant to Article IV of these Bylaws. Any such instruments may also be executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association in such other manner and by such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time direct. The provisions of this Section 2 are supplementary to any other provision of these Bylaws.
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Section 3. Records. The Articles of Association, the Bylaws and the proceedings of all meetings of the shareholders, the Board of Directors, and standing committees of the Board of Directors shall be recorded in appropriate minute books provided for that purpose. The minutes of each meeting shall be signed by the secretary, treasurer or other officer appointed to act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 4. Corporate Governance Procedures. To the extent not inconsistent with federal banking statutes and regulations, or safe and sound banking practices, the association may follow the Delaware General Corporation Law, Del. Code Ann. tit. 8 (1991, as amended 1994, and as amended thereafter) with respect to matters of corporate governance procedures.
Section 5. Indemnification. For purposes of this Section 5 of Article VIII, the term “institution-affiliated party” shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).
Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors.
Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the Board of Directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the association in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by
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or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under the Articles of Association may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution- affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these Bylaws and (b) approval by the Board of Directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by shareholders. To the extent permitted by law, the Board of Directors or, if applicable, the shareholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.
In the event that a majority of the members of the Board of Directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members of the Board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the Board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the Board of Directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.
In the event that all of the members of the Board of Directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the Board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the Board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the Board of Directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.
To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in the Articles of Association (a) shall be available with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these Bylaws, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these Bylaws with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.
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The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these Bylaws shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in the association’s Articles of Association, these Bylaws, a resolution of shareholders, a resolution of the Board of Directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these Bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.
If this Section 5 of Article VIII or any part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Section 5 of Article VIII shall remain fully enforceable.
The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority of its Board of Directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification is allowed in these Bylaws; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage for a final order assessing civil money penalties against such persons by a bank regulatory agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution- affiliated parties.
ARTICLE IX
Inspection and Amendments
Section 1. Inspection. A copy of the bylaws of the association, with all amendments, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the main office of the association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders during banking hours.
Section 2. Amendments. The Board of Directors shall have the power, at any regular or special meeting thereof, to amend, alter or repeal the bylaws of the association, or to make and adopt new bylaws. These Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed and new bylaws may be adopted by the shareholders of the association to the extent and as permitted in the Articles of Association or applicable law.
EXHIBIT 6
Section 321(b) Consent
Pursuant to Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, Wilmington Trust, National Association hereby consents that reports of examinations by Federal, State, Territorial or District authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon requests therefor.
| WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | ||||||
| Dated: June 2, 2025 | By: | /s/ Michael H. Wass | ||||
| Name: Michael H. Wass | ||||||
| Title: Vice President | ||||||
EXHIBIT 7
R E P O R T O F C O N D I T I O N
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
As of the close of business on December 31, 2024
| ASSETS |
Thousands of Dollars | |||
| Cash and balances due from depository institutions: |
581,398 | |||
| Securities: |
1,100 | |||
| Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreement to resell: |
0 | |||
| Loans and leases held for sale: |
0 | |||
| Loans and leases net of unearned income, allowance: |
31,590 | |||
| Premises and fixed asset |
31,309 | |||
| Other real estate owned: |
0 | |||
| Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies: |
0 | |||
| Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures: |
0 | |||
| Intangible assets: |
0 | |||
| Other assets: |
64,330 | |||
| Total Assets: |
709,727 | |||
| LIABILITIES |
Thousands of Dollars | |||
| Deposits |
5,688 | |||
| Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
0 | |||
| Other borrowed money: |
0 | |||
| Other Liabilities: |
88,648 | |||
| Total Liabilities |
94,336 | |||
| EQUITY CAPITAL |
Thousands of Dollars | |||
| Common Stock |
1,000 | |||
| Surplus |
355,412 | |||
| Retained Earnings |
258,980 | |||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income |
(1 | ) | ||
| Total Equity Capital |
615,391 | |||
| Total Liabilities and Equity Capital |
709,727 | |||