Nbt Bancorp Inc Q1 FY2026 Earnings Call

Good day, everyone. Welcome to the conference call covering NBT Bancorp's First Quarter 2026 Financial Results. This call is being recorded and has been made accessible to the public in accordance with the SEC Regulation FD. Corresponding presentation slides can be found on the company's website at nbtbancorp.com. Before the call begins, NBT's management would like to remind listeners that, as noted on Slide 2, today's presentation may contain forward-looking statements as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Actual results may differ from those projected. In addition, certain non-GAAP measures will be discussed. Reconciliations for these numbers are contained within the appendix of today's presentation. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. As a reminder, this call is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to NBT Bancorp President and CEO, Scott Kingsley, for his opening remarks. Mr. Kingsley, please begin.

Thank you. Good morning, and thank you for joining us for this earnings call covering NBT Bancorp's First Quarter 2026 Results. With me today are Annette Burns, NBT's Chief Financial Officer; Joe Stagliano, President of NBT Bank; and Joe Ondesko, our Treasurer. Our solid operating performance for the first quarter was driven by disciplined balance sheet management, the growth of our diversified revenue streams and the continued benefits of integrating Evans Bancorp into our franchise following the merger in May 2025. These factors have contributed to productive gains in operating leverage. Operating return on assets was 1.29% for the first quarter with a return on tangible equity of 15.50%. These metrics represent meaningful improvement over the first quarter of last year and have provided incremental capital flexibility. Our tangible book value per share of $27.05 at quarter end was more than 9% higher than a year ago. The continued remix of earning assets, diligent management of funding costs and the addition of the Evans balance sheet resulted in a 28 basis point improvement in net interest margin year-over-year. We got off to a slow start in January and February with the very difficult winter weather conditions, and we experienced a higher-than-expected level of commercial real estate payoffs. With that said, activity since then has been quite good and we are very pleased with the types of customer opportunities we are seeing across our footprint as well as our current pipeline levels. Growth in noninterest income continues to be positive, highlighted by a new all-time high in quarterly revenue generation from our retirement plan administration business. Our capital utilization priorities remain focused on supporting organic growth while continuing our long-standing commitment to annual dividend growth. In addition, our strong capital levels continue to allow us to evaluate a variety of M&A opportunities. Another component of our capital planning is to return capital to shareholders through opportunistic share repurchases. Consistent with that approach, we repurchased 250,000 of our own shares again in the first quarter of 2026. One year in, the integration of our Evans Bank colleagues has gone smoothly and validated the strong cultural alignment we saw from the outset. Their customer and community-focused approach continues to enhance our franchise, and we remain excited about the opportunities ahead in the Western region of New York. Momentum across Upstate New York semiconductor corridor continues to build. Since Micron's groundbreaking late last year and the completion of its site acquisition from Onondaga County in the first quarter development activity has accelerated. Site development and infrastructure build-out for the first fabrication facility are now underway and we are already seeing tangible benefits with more than a dozen of our customers securing contracts tied to the project. Stepping back more broadly, across our 7-state footprint, we continue to see encouraging activity tied to advanced manufacturing, infrastructure investment, housing development and workforce-driven economic initiatives. These dynamics are evident across our core markets, including manufacturing and defense activity in New England as well as construction and community revitalization efforts throughout our legacy regions. While activity levels can vary quarter-to-quarter, the depth and diversity of these initiatives reinforce our confidence in the markets we serve. We believe NBT is well positioned to support this activity through our relationship-driven model, significant balance sheet capacity and a diversified set of financial solutions. I will now turn over the meeting to Annette to review our first quarter results with you in detail. Annette?

Thank you, Scott, and good morning. Turning to the results overview page of our earnings presentation. For the first quarter, we reported net income of $51.1 million or $0.98 per diluted common share. We have improved earnings 27% from the first quarter of 2025 with growth in our balance sheet, net interest margin improvement and a 4.5% year-over-year growth in our fee-based income as well. Earnings were modestly lower than the prior quarter, consistent with seasonal expectations, 2 fewer days in the quarter and a normalized effective tax rate. The next page shows trends in outstanding loans. Total loans at $11.5 billion were down $50.9 million from December 31, 2025, with other consumer and residential solar portfolios in a planned runoff status, representing half of that decline. In addition, we continue to experience an elevated level of commercial payoffs, similar to the prior 2 quarters. Our total loan portfolio remains purposely diversified and is comprised of 56% commercial relationships and 44% consumer loans. On Page 6, total deposits were up $244 million from December 2025, primarily due to the inflow of seasonal municipal deposits during the quarter, along with increases in consumer and commercial customer account balances. Generally, in most of our markets, municipal tax collections are concentrated in the first and third quarters of each year. We experienced a favorable change in our mix of deposits out of higher cost time deposits and into checking, savings and money market products. 59% or $8 billion of our deposit portfolio consists of no and low-cost checking and savings accounts at a cost of 38 basis points. The next slide highlights the detailed changes in our net interest income and margin. Our net interest margin in the first quarter increased 7 basis points to 3.72% compared with the prior quarter, as the 9 basis point decrease in the cost of funds more than offset the 2 basis point decline in earning asset yields. Loan yields decreased 4 basis points from the prior quarter to 5.66%, primarily due to the repricing of variable rate loans following the prior quarter's federal funds rate decreases. We were able to actively manage our funding costs downward to more than offset that impact as evidenced by the 10 basis point decline in our total cost of deposits to 1.34% for the quarter. Net interest income for the first quarter was $134.3 million, a decrease of $1 million compared to the prior quarter but more than 25% above the first quarter of 2025. The decrease in net interest income from the prior quarter was driven by 2 fewer days in the first quarter of 2026. The opportunity for further upward movement in earning asset yields and net interest margin will depend largely on the shape of the yield curve and how we reinvest loan and investment portfolio cash flows. The trends in noninterest income are outlined on Page 8. Excluding securities gains, our fee income was $49.7 million consistent with the prior quarter and increased 4.5% from the first quarter of 2025. Our combined revenues from retirement plan services, wealth management and insurance services exceeded $32 million in quarterly revenues. Noninterest income represented 27% of total revenues in the first quarter and reflects the strength of our diversified revenue base. Total operating expenses were $112 million for the quarter, a 0.5% increase from the prior quarter. Salaries and employee benefit costs were $68.8 million, an increase of $2.8 million from the prior quarter. This increase was primarily driven by seasonally higher payroll taxes and stock-based compensation, partially offset by lower medical expenses. In addition, annual merit increases occurred in March at an average rate of 3.3%. The quarter-over-quarter increase in occupancy expenses was expected, driven by increase in seasonal costs, including utilities and higher maintenance costs. The effective tax rate for the first quarter was higher than the prior quarter at 23.3% primarily due to the finalization of the deductibility of last year's merger-related expenses and the associated impact on the full year effective tax rate in 2025. Slide 10 provides an overview of key asset quality metrics. Provision expense for the 3 months ended March 31, 2026, was $5.6 million compared to $3.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2025. The increase in provision for loan losses was primarily due to a slightly higher level of net charge-offs and nonperforming loans resulting in a higher level of allowance for loan losses. Reserves were 1.2% of total loans and covered more than 2x the level of nonperforming loans. In closing, we believe the strength of our franchise positions us well for growth opportunities as they arise. We continue to see productive engagement across our markets reflecting our ongoing investment in our people and communities. Thank you for your interest in our results. At this time, we welcome any questions you may have.

The floor is now open for questions. Our first question comes from the line of Mark Shutley with KBW.

So expenses came in a little bit better than we were expecting despite some seasonal factors there. I was wondering if you could maybe update us on your outlook there and what's an appropriate run rate for the year?

Sure. I'll take that, Mark. So yes, there was some seasonality in our first quarter expenses, primarily higher levels of salaries and benefit costs related to payroll taxes and stock-based compensation as well as some higher occupancy costs. As we look into the next quarter, and we think about salaries and benefit costs, we'll probably see some increased costs related to our merit increases as well as an additional payroll day. Our occupancy expense seasonal increase will probably be offset in the second quarter by increases in productivity across our markets like higher travel, training as well as technology initiatives. So with all that being said, our run rate in the first quarter was right around $112 million. That will probably be a good place to be in the second quarter. And we still think our run rate or overall operating expense increase typically runs between 3% and 4% annually. We still think that that is kind of where we're landing for 2026.

And Mark, we had some costs in the third and the fourth quarter of last year on the operating expense side that were a little bit higher than the standard run rate. Some specific initiatives or some specific costs that we incurred in those quarters. So not unusual for the other expense line to be a little bit lower in the first quarter with, as Annette mentioned, the costs associated with stock-based compensation and payroll taxes to be the higher ones.

Great. That's helpful. And then maybe just looking to the NIM, the deposit costs are really strong. But given the current rate environment, maybe seemingly more flat. I was wondering if you're seeing increased deposit competition in your markets and what you expect for deposit costs from here.

So if I think about the margin over the past two quarters, I think as we expected with the federal funds rate cuts, our loan repricing was going to happen almost immediately, and then we were going to have a little bit of time to work through our deposit rate changes. So we actively managed that, and I think we were successful through the first quarter of 2026. So our margin right now stands today at 3.72%. We think that's a really great place to be and throwing off some really meaningful earnings as we look forward. When we look at our funding costs, I think they're stabilized; there's probably a little bit of opportunity to work that down a little bit, but that will probably be offset by some of our deposit growth initiatives as well. So I would say stabilized there. And then as we look at our earning asset yields, there's probably some repricing opportunities as we primarily look at our investment securities book as well as our residential mortgage book. And really the shape of the yield curve will influence margin improvements over the next couple of quarters, particularly where we reprice our assets in the 2- to 5-year range of that yield curve, which had seen some improvements and is positively sloped starting in March. So I think as we look forward, it's stabilization as well as maybe a few basis points of improvement depending on that yield curve. We think about deposit pricing, I think there is competition for deposits, but it's fairly disciplined; we don't see anything terribly crazy, maybe a few pockets here and there.

I'd add to that, Annette, to your point, in most of our markets, and we've got some pretty diverse markets. But in most of them, deposit gathering has not been focused on additional share grab. Most of the people we compete with find that even the large banks that the cost of funding in our markets where we compete with them is probably lower than some of the larger metropolitan areas that they do business in. What we have seen on the asset pricing side is a competitive landscape. I think as people look for yielding assets, there's been a little bit of give-up in spread whether that's on the commercial side or business banking. And in the first quarter, we thought that there were some people that mispriced indirect auto. So we chose not to participate in that at the same level that historically we might have from a growth standpoint. So in a difficult quarter for pure auto sales, I think there were certain other people out there that were trying to sustain their portfolios. We think we're really good at that portfolio from a total operational management standpoint and remember, the duration of that portfolio is somewhere between 24 and 28 months. So reengaging in that when the economics make a little bit more sense is kind of how we look at that.

Our next question comes from the line of Feddie Strickland with Hovde Group.

I think to address this in your opening comments, but I just wondered if you could talk generally about sentiment among commercial customers. Are you seeing clients pull back at all on some of the economic uncertainty and interest rate uncertainty or are the trends in the footprint like the chip manufacturing facilities still kind of pulling the local economies forward regardless?

Yes. Thanks for that opportunity. So across the markets, customers are feeling pretty good about themselves. I don't think that we started the year thinking that they could possibly have more uncertainty than they went through in 2025, but we appear to have topped that in early 2026. And we've said this before that uncertainty doesn't inspire action. But I don't think things have been held up. So I don't think we have customers who have said I'm going to pass on fulfilling capital expenditure projects that I had planned, either for capacity improvement in their businesses or just general recurring costs associated with being technically better. So we haven't seen any of that. I will say this, in the first quarter, we had a number of really exciting and really robust construction projects that did not get underway in the timeline we expected. But most of them, as the grass is turning a little greener, they're finding their way to get out and start to work on some of that stuff. So we think there was probably a little bit of a backup in the first quarter that will get taken care of here in the second quarter. But nothing that we have seen is falling away. I do think that some of our very astute customers who use our capable treasury management tools, in some cases, are paying down some of their leverage because there are opportunities to earn yield that is not at the same level that it was 18 or 24 months ago. So I think much like our balance sheet, there's a lot of tactical management going on with our customers today. Sentiment is quite good across the franchise.

All right. That's great to hear Scott. And just if you could also give us an update on M&A conversations. It sounds like those are ongoing. I'm just curious on a similar question whether current conditions are making that a little bit of a priority for some potential partners or whether that's a headwind?

Yes. Let me check that in a couple of different ways. We have ongoing conversations with like-minded smaller community banks across our 7-state footprint. Our priority is to try to do some fill-in work and whether that's a practical M&A transaction to build out concentration in some of our markets. If I was to hit that really quick, I would tell you that our strategy in greater Rochester, New York and into the Finger Lakes is a build-out strategy. We recognize that we don't have the market coverage that we needed. So getting closer into the city of Rochester and maybe in the western and southern suburbs is a priority for us. So something you'll see us act on in the next 12 to 18 months. I feel a little bit similar to that in Southern New Hampshire and Southern Maine where our concentration in terms of spots in the market is not that concentrated. We've got great commercial lending teams in both markets. So giving them a little bit more to work with. We opened another branch in Bayside in Portland during the quarter. We're going to make a commitment in Scarborough going into the second half of the year or early next year. And we'd like to find a couple more spots in Southern New Hampshire, again, just to give our folks some opportunity for enhanced branding. I think if you look at the rest of our franchise, there are spots where we're still missing some participation in markets that we think we would thrive in. And it doesn't require us to move our geography another 100 or 200 miles. These are things that are either next door or within the existing footprint. So that's where we've been spending our time. To your point about priority for certain other people and maybe some people who are not necessarily experienced acquirers, there's been a handful of transactions in our marketplace that we think presents a disruption opportunity. There was a substantive transaction in the Mohawk Valley outside in the greater Utica area. We think that will present some opportunities for us, a handful of things going on in Western New England, Western Massachusetts and Connecticut, a couple of large transactions, but then a couple of small transactions where a couple of small community banks are getting together. So we've got some very specific and pointed initiatives attached to that from a disruption standpoint. And we're pretty confident given past results that we'll see some productive gains from that.

Super helpful color. Just one more quick one for Annette. I apologize if I missed it somewhere, but did you have the loan discount accretion number for the quarter? I think I saw it was up, but not by how much and maybe what expectations might be for that number going forward?

Sure. Our loan accretion for the quarter was right around $6.5 million; that's a little bit down from what we had in the fourth quarter. And I would expect it to run somewhere in the $6 million to $6.5 million range that corresponds with our intangible asset amortization around $3.5 million a quarter, so aligned with that. As we think about accretion where we mark those loans, we think we're capable of getting pretty close to those rates as we reinvest those cash flows in our loan book as well.

Yes. I would reinforce Annette's comment on that, that the size of the marks in either our residential mortgage portfolio or commercial portfolio, from both Salisbury and Evans, don't leave us with yields that are above current market yields.

Our next question comes from the line of Manuel Navas with Piper Sandler.

Can you just speak to loan growth this year and the makeup of the loan pipeline? Just wondering how things look with the runoff portfolios, the pullback in indirect auto, just kind of level set things as we move across the year?

Sure. Let's see if I can accomplish this efficiently from those four subsets. Runoff portfolio, primarily residential solar. We've said before, that's roughly $100 million a year. That's exactly what we incurred in the first quarter, so $25 million in the quarter. And our expectation is that continues on; the prepayment patterns in that portfolio are more similar to the prepayment patterns of home mortgage, probably not a really unexpected outcome since the equipment sits on top of the house. And so from a practical standpoint, that's kind of going according to plan. I think to the extent that we're incurring some losses in that portfolio from customers not paying us back timely, it's as expected, not outside of that. And just as a reminder, we carry reserves around 4% of that portfolio. So I think we're really well covered relative to the expectation of future results as that portfolio runs off. Indirect auto is an interesting one for us. Again, as I said before, we're really good at this portfolio. We really like the short duration of the portfolio. We like the asset because the customers in our market actually need that asset. And so our performance from a quality standpoint has been really, really solid. As a matter of fact, sub-30 basis point charge-off levels for quite a while now in that portfolio. In that portfolio, though, if people are trying to get share to build their book, in the first quarter, we saw a handful of institutions, probably more dominated by credit unions, that had really low rates. Rates that made no sense, rates barely above Fed funds rates, and that's not where we're going to participate and add to our portfolio. From the rest of the pipeline standpoint, nice mix of commercial real estate and C&I in our current portfolio and pipeline, like the construction projects that are out there. And as I said before, a couple of them have probably got underway a little bit later than we would have hoped, but there's a lot of infrastructure build going on in our markets, not just Central New York, but across the footprint. So opportunities for our contracting clients and people who service those industries to move forward. We really think that the first quarter historically is not our most robust quarter of growth, and that was evidenced in this quarter. We think we start to get back to more of that low to mid-single-digit growth rates for the balance of the year.

I thought that was a pretty fulsome answer. Can you remind me and level set a little bit on fee growth expectations, where the largest opportunities are and where you'd like to see better growth, for example? Just thoughts on that year-over-year.

Sure. Our fee-based income does have some seasonality with the first and third quarters usually being the most robust and second and fourth being a little lighter. I think we're really excited about the growth opportunities in our fee-based income. Most excited about the performance of retirement plan services. They really had some great wins in the first quarter of 2026, and that's evident in their numbers. So really good trajectory there. But we also feel that wealth and insurance have some really good opportunities as well, particularly as we bring the whole bank to some of our markets like the Western New York region as an example. So feeling good about the trajectory there. I think as we think about full year growth expectations, I think we can look back to our historical performance over the past couple of years, which is mid-single-digit growth rates for our fee-based businesses. I think we still continue to expect that's achievable for us. And deposit service charges and banking fees generally are a little lighter in the first quarter seasonally, and that will continue to build as we get into the next few quarters.

I appreciate that. My last question is could you give any extra color on some of the NPL build here, just anything we can disclose on that?

Sure. I'll take that. Nonperforming loans: the majority of our increase during the quarter was related to a C&I relationship in the Western New York region. We're actively working through that. It's really a specific customer circumstance. So we have a handful of other nonperforming loans that we're continuing to actively engage and work through as well, which are primarily commercial real estate based. We feel pretty good about our capacity to work through those and feel very good where we are from a positioning as far as our allowance associated with those. And I would just add that our consumer delinquencies have performed kind of in line with our expectations and in some cases better than our expectations. So those are really looking good through the first quarter as well.

Yes. And just where we are, and this is not just us, but we're coming off such a low base that one relationship or a couple of relationships can actually make a difference relative to the size of that nonperforming. But I think the important comment that Annette made was we think we have the capacity to work through these. Not only do we have the stamina to work through them, but we have a really good job at identifying a customer that may be just going through a really difficult period of time. We like everything about what they do. So this doesn't have to be us moving really quickly to sell assets and remove them from our portfolio. We have the capacity to work through these situations.

Our next question comes from the line of Steve Moss with Raymond James.

Scott, maybe just most of my questions asked and answered here. Just following up, I'm not sure I caught this, but on the deposit cost side here, definitely a healthy step down. Just kind of curious: is this a good bottom to deposit costs? Or as you're entering maybe a little more relatively suburban markets and Upstate New York, do we see a little bit more upward pressure if that holds flat here?

It's a decent question, Steve. If you think about the fourth quarter where there were three Fed funds changes in the last four months of the year, and the impact that had on our interest-earning assets, we knew that we had a responsibility to cover that and maybe a little bit more. But it was difficult to get all that in the same quarter that all of those happened. I would really focus on sort of the month of December. We had active management across all deposit portfolios and achieved that lower rate in the first quarter, arguably in January, to get back to levels of beta performance that we think are sustainable for us. So your question is a good one relative to if we end up in a little bit more suburban or light metro markets with some of our growth plans: will the cost of interest be a little bit higher? It might be. But again, if you think about the product we're really leading with, we're leading with the checking product. So if it's necessary for some larger commercial customers or even municipal customers for us to have a higher rate to secure the win of that customer, long term, it's total cost of funds in the relationship. So I don't think we think it's going to be outside of the norm that we can't handle. And if you kind of think about a growth rate of just pick a number, 4% or 5% on a $13.5 billion base, that's $0.5 billion of new deposit balances on an annual basis. Even if those are a little bit above the blended cost of our existing deposit portfolio, we can probably handle that small dilution.

Okay. That's helpful. And then just in terms of the securities side, maybe I missed it in the deck, but what's the amount of cash flows that you guys have for the upcoming 12 months for securities?

Securities cash flows probably run somewhere in the $20 million to $25 million a month, pretty consistently, maybe out in '27 and '28 there might be a little bit more lumpiness to it, but pretty consistent over the next several quarters.

Okay. And then on auto loans, I think I wanted to ask about competition with regard to pricing. Just curious, was it just incrementally tighter that you guys weren't willing to put it on this quarter? Or was it a meaningful step down and maybe we see that extend for a little bit here?

In the first quarter, and I think we're actually seeing a little bit of rationality here in the second quarter already. In the first quarter, there were offerings out there that were 150 to 200 basis points below ours.

Our next question comes from the line of Matthew Breese with Stephens.

A few from me. First, Annette, maybe you could help me out with new loan yield originations this quarter and what's some of the roll-on versus roll-off dynamics to what extent is that positive still?

Sure. So if we look at our book, our residential mortgage probably still has somewhere around 120 to 125 basis points to reprice. Our commercial yields have come in a little bit, particularly with the 75 basis point drop in the yield curve over the past 12 months. But there was probably still somewhere in the 20 to 25 basis point range of repricing opportunities in our commercial book. If you look at our indirect auto book, our new origination rates are actually a little bit below where our portfolio yields are. So they're completely repriced and a little bit underwater at this point. And then I spoke about our investment securities portfolio that's probably somewhere in the $150 million to $175 million from a repricing opportunity.

Perfect. And then if loan growth remains subdued, might we see some tactical changes? Do we see more consistent or even more aggressive buybacks? Or do we see you perhaps lead with lending to drive some better growth in disrupted geographies like Connecticut? I'm curious as you play this out, what might we see you do?

So I don't think the strategy holistically changes by a lot. Will there be tactical opportunities in markets with disruption where it exists? Definitely faster to lead with the asset product from a loan standpoint for sure. Whether that's Northwest, North Central Connecticut, the Berkshires or in spots in Central New York, we're not wrong about that. I don't think we'll think that it's a holistic change in strategy. What we are experiencing is an opportunity to hire some very high-quality people in several of our markets today, either coming from some of our larger bank competitors or people that have been displaced in disruption. So that has been an opportunity, and we've probably added half a dozen people to our mix in the last six months that two years ago we weren't sure we'd ever get access to. That's a net positive. Has that shown up on the balance sheet? Yes, probably not yet. But on a going-forward basis, we expect some opportunities to come out of that. Tactically, we prove we're pretty adept at moving with situations, and as logical opportunities present themselves in the markets we'll be there and in a position to win those opportunities. Should there be pricing dynamics that don't make sense for us on a long-term basis, we're unlikely to chase those.

Should we think about consistent buybacks here? It's been $250,000 the last couple of quarters. Is that something we should model in for one or two more quarters?

Here's how I look at that, Matt: generating and retaining capital is hard—you work really hard to get to the privilege to generate capital to use for future opportunities. So we are not opposed to share buybacks. We don't think that's the top of our priority list. But we can certainly fund what we've done for the last two quarters because our earnings generation has been so robust. So I don't think we need to think about that as a major shift; we're probably never going to start one of our conference calls with we bought 9% of our shares this quarter. That's not us. But a practical mechanism that says if the market is not recognizing our value, we want to be participatory in that—absolutely.

Last one: an update on chip manufacturing, not just Micron but GLOBALFOUNDRIES and others. Curious in terms of activity, what's going on and when do we start to see that translate into a bit more loan growth than we're currently seeing?

Really decent question. The build-out of GLOBALFOUNDRIES in Saratoga is a great model to watch relative to what one might expect in the future with other fabrication facilities coming online. The total vendor environment they had to create to service that facility has watched housing developments and demographic improvement exist in that area for a number of years now. That ought to continue. We're engaged in lending tied to these projects. The activity generates ancillary benefits. It's a very important economic stimulator for future development. All in all, from these very large project bases, I wouldn't say we're disappointed that the pace has been a little bit slower than we might have initially expected, but remember the sheer size of these projects. When you think about what's important, we keep coming back to the sponsor. GLOBALFOUNDRIES is doing very well. Micron is doing exceptionally well. The strength of the sponsor is really important, and I think they're committed to these build-outs on a long-term basis.

Our next question comes from the line of Jacob Civiello with Davidson.

Just two quick questions. I apologize if I missed this, but did you have a spot NIM for the month of March that you provided?

It's pretty consistent with where we landed for the quarter.

And then you talked about the commercial payoffs in the quarter being relatively consistent with the past couple of quarters. As you look ahead, you mentioned loan growth being back to that low to mid-single-digit trajectory—are the payoffs and paydowns factored into that? Are they slowing? Can you give any perspective there?

Sure, Jacob. To give you a framing reference, in the first quarter of last year, we had about $45 million or $50 million worth of early payoffs. That was pretty consistent with the second quarter. Starting in the third quarter, the number went above $100 million. For the first quarter of this year, about $125 million. A lot of that has to do with the valuation of some of our customers' assets, whether it's the holistic business they're doing or a piece of real estate that they own. As people look for yield from performing assets, those considerations have been in play. I don't think that early payoffs are going to go back to zero, but I also think we're seeing signs that our production levels are capable of handling a higher level of payoffs and still demonstrating balance sheet growth. And I think we're already in that phase.

Any particular geographies or customer types driving the payoffs?

Widespread. A couple of very attractive operating businesses and some real estate projects where the owner probably thought they were going to be the holder for five to seven years and were able to move into an agency instrument earlier than expected. So it's a wide variety and a wide variety of geographies. There's not a geography today where we're not seeing good growth attributes or good opportunities coming through. So balance that—the payoffs are widespread and the growth opportunities are widespread as well.

I will now turn the call back to Scott Kingsley for his closing remarks.

Thanks. In closing, I want to thank everyone on the call for participating today, and thanks for your continued interest in NBT. Talk to you next time.

Thank you, Mr. Kingsley. This concludes our program. You may disconnect. Have a great day.