NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd F-3, filed Oct 28, 2025
NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd. (NRSN)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2025.
Registration No. 333-
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM F-3
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Not
Applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
| State of Israel | 2834 | Not Applicable | ||
| (State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation or Organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
11
HaMenofim Street, Building B
Herzliya 4672562 Israel
+972-9-7996183
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
Cogency
Global Inc.
122 East 42nd Street,
18th Floor, New York, NY 10168
(212) 947-7200
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)
Copies to:
Robert L. Grossman, Esq. Gary Emmanuel, Esq. David Huberman, Esq. Greenberg Traurig, P.A. One Azrieli Center Round Tower, 30th Floor 132 Menachem Begin Rd Tel Aviv, Israel 6701101 +1 212 801 9337 |
Perry Wildes
Goldfarb Gross Seligman & Co. One Azrieli Center Tel Aviv 6702100, Israel +972 (3) 607-4444 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
| † | The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
| PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION DATED OCTOBER 28, 2025 |
333,334 Ordinary Shares
This prospectus relates to the resale, from time to time, by the selling shareholder identified in this prospectus under the section “Selling Shareholder,” (the “selling shareholder”) of NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd. (“NeuroSense,” “we,” “us” or the “Company”) of 333,334 of our ordinary shares, no par value per share (the “Shares”) issued to the selling shareholder under a securities purchase agreement, dated September 4, 2025 (the “Purchase Agreement”), by and between us and the purchaser named therein. The Shares were offered pursuant to the exemptions provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
The selling shareholder will receive all of the proceeds from any sales of the resale of Shares offered hereby. We will not receive any of the proceeds, but we will incur expenses in connection with such offering.
The selling shareholder may sell the Shares covered by this prospectus through public or private transactions at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at negotiated prices or such other prices as such selling shareholder may determine. The timing and amount of any sale are within the sole discretion of such selling shareholder. Our registration of the Shares for resale covered by this prospectus does not mean that the selling shareholder will offer or sell any of the Shares. For further information regarding the possible methods by which the Shares may be distributed, see “Plan of Distribution.”
We are an “emerging growth company” and a “foreign private issuer”, each as defined under federal securities laws, and, as such, have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” and “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer” for additional information.
Our ordinary shares and warrants to purchase our ordinary shares are listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “NRSN” and “NRSNW.” On October 27, 2025, the closing price for our ordinary shares was $1.14 and the closing price for the warrants to purchase our ordinary shares was $0.3592.
Investing in our securities is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8 to read about factors you should consider before buying the Shares.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the disclosures in this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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This prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form F-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for the offering of the Shares by the selling shareholder.
You should not assume that the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, even though this prospectus is delivered or the Shares covered by this prospectus are sold or otherwise disposed of on a later date. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you under the caption “Where You Can Find Additional Information” in this prospectus.
Neither we nor the selling shareholder have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representation other than those contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any of our securities other than the securities covered hereby, nor does this prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any of our securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
This prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference herein, contains forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. See “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADENAMES
The NeuroSense Therapeutics logo and other trademarks and service marks of NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd. appearing in this prospectus or the information incorporated by reference herein are the property of the Company. Solely for convenience, some of the trademarks, service marks, logos and trade names referred to in this prospectus are presented without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks, service marks and trade names. This prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference herein, contains additional trademarks, service marks and trade names of others. All trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus or the information incorporated by reference herein are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trademarks, service marks, copyrights or trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.
This prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference herein, contains industry, market and competitive position data that are based on industry publications and studies conducted by third parties as well as our own internal estimates and research. These industry publications and third-party studies generally state that the information that they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe that each of these publications and third-party studies is reliable, we have not independently verified the market and industry data obtained from these third-party sources. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements included in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus. While we believe our internal research is reliable and the definition of our market and industry are appropriate, neither such research nor these definitions have been verified by any independent source.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and certain information incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and other securities laws. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “should,” “target,” “would” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.
Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Such statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, those identified under the section titled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus or the documents incorporated herein. These risks and uncertainties include factors relating to:
| ● | our ability to maintain the listing of our ordinary shares on Nasdaq; | |
| ● | the going concern reference in our financial statements and our need for substantial additional financing to achieve our goals; |
| ● | our limited operating history and history of incurring significant losses and negative cash flows since our inception, which we anticipate will continue for the foreseeable future; |
| ● | our dependence on the success of our lead product candidate, PrimeC, including our obtaining of regulatory approval to market PrimeC in the United States (“U.S.”); |
| ● | our limited experience in conducting clinical trials and reliance on clinical research organizations and others to conduct them; |
| ● | our ability to advance our preclinical product candidates into clinical development and through regulatory approval; |
| ● | the results of our clinical trials, which may fail to adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidates; |
| ● | our ability to achieve the broad degree of physician adoption and use and market acceptance necessary for commercial success; |
| ● | our reliance on third parties in marketing, producing or distributing products and research materials for certain raw materials, compounds and components necessary to produce PrimeC for clinical trials and to support commercial scale production of PrimeC, if approved; |
| ● | our receipt of regulatory clarity and approvals for our therapeutic candidates and the timing of other regulatory filings and approvals; |
| ● | estimates of our expenses, revenues, capital requirements and our needs for additional financing; |
| ● | our efforts to obtain, protect or enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights related to our product candidates and technologies; |
| ● | the impact of the public health, political and security situation in Israel, the U.S. and other countries in which we may obtain approvals for our products or our business; |
| ● | the impacts on our ongoing and planned trials and manufacturing as a result of the war in Israel; and |
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| ● | those factors referred to in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F incorporated by reference herein in “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors,” “Item 4. Information on the Company,” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” as well as in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F generally, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. |
The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our risks and uncertainties. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this prospectus or the documents incorporated herein or therein will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus or any document incorporated herein or therein, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information.
Unless otherwise required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to update them in light of new information or future developments or to release publicly any revisions to these statements in order to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
You should read this prospectus, the documents incorporated herein and therein, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
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This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus that we consider important. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our securities. Before you decide to invest in our securities, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section and the financial statements and related notes incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which are described under “Incorporation by Reference” before making an investment in our securities.
Company Overview
We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on discovering and developing treatments for people living with neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). We believe these diseases represent some of the most significant unmet medical needs of our time, with limited effective therapeutic options available. The burden of these diseases on both patients and society is substantial. For example, the average annual cost of ALS alone is $180,000 per patient, and its estimated annual burden on the U.S. healthcare system is greater than $1 billion. Due to the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases, our strategy is utilizing a combined therapeutic approach to target multiple disease-related pathways.
Our lead therapeutic candidate, PrimeC, is a novel extended-release oral formulation, fixed-dose combination of two FDA-approved drugs, ciprofloxacin and celecoxib. PrimeC is designed to treat ALS by modulating microRNA synthesis, iron accumulation, and neuroinflammation, all of which are hallmarks of ALS pathology. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA and the European Medicines Agency, or the EMA have granted PrimeC orphan drug designation for the treatment of ALS. In addition, the EMA has granted PrimeC the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise, or SME, status, which offers significant potential benefits leading up to and following drug regulatory approval. We believe PrimeC’s multifunctional mechanism of action has the potential to significantly prolong lifespan and improve ALS patients’ quality of life, thereby reducing the burden of this debilitating disease on both patients and healthcare systems.
PrimeC was evaluated in PARADIGM, a Phase 2b randomized, multi-center, multinational, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, to evaluate safety, tolerability, and efficacy of PrimeC in 68 people living with ALS. Participants were being administered PrimeC or placebo at a 2:1 ratio, respectively, for the six-month double-blind part. Study participants were allowed to continue standard of care treatment of approved products. The primary endpoints of the study are an evaluation of ALS-biomarkers as well as safety and tolerability assessment. Secondary and exploratory endpoints are the evaluation of clinical efficacy (ALS Functional Rating Scale — Revised, or ALSFRS-R, and slow vital capacity), survival, and improvement in quality of life. All subjects who completed the six-month double-blind, placebo-controlled dosing period had the opportunity to be transferred to the PrimeC active arm for a 12-month open label extension. The study completed enrollment in May 2023, enrolling 69 participants, in which 68 are living with ALS and one participant who was misdiagnosed for ALS and was excluded from the evaluations. Four ALS clinical centers participated in the study in three territories: Israel, Italy, and Canada. In December 2023, we reported that we met the primary safety and tolerability endpoints and achieved secondary clinical efficacy endpoints in the top-line results of our 6-month double-blind phase of PARADIGM. In May 2024, we announced new positive data analysis from PARADIGM clinical trial demonstrating statistically significant slowing of disease progression in high-risk ALS patients. In July 2024, we announced results from the 12-month analysis of the PARADIGM clinical trial which showed a significant improvement in the rate of decline of ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) scores and survival rates for subjects who received PrimeC from the start of the trial compared to those who started on placebo. In August 2024, we announced positive 12-month biomarker data from the PARADIGM clinical trial, which showed a significant decrease in ferritin levels and a corresponding increase in transferrin levels, both indicating alleviation of the pathology. In October 2024, we completed the full 18-month dosing in PARADIGM, and in December 2024, we announced results from the 18-month analysis of the PARADIGM clinical trial which showed statistically significant positive results from the 18-month data analysis of the PARADIGM study, evaluating the efficacy of PrimeC in the treatment of ALS. In February 2025, we announced additional findings from an 18-month analysis of the PARADIGM clinical trial showing improvements in two additional endpoints, complication-free survival (analysis which includes death from any cause or respiratory insufficiency or hospitalization due to ALS-related complications) and Slow Vital Capacity (SVC), measuring respiratory function. In September 2025, we announced a new analysis of 18-month data of the PARADIGM clinical confirming that the observed benefit of initiating PrimeC early in disease progression is consistent after accounting for patient variability. Such results highlighted the potential of PrimeC to meaningfully extend survival in ALS.
Following the FDA’s recommendation for additional non-clinical data to support long term use of Ciprofloxacin (as PrimeC is intended for long-term administration in treating ALS) a long-term tox study was initiated.
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In September 2024, we announced the successful completion of the in-life phase of the study, as we move towards the initiation of a Phase 3 study in the U.S.
In December 2024, we concluded a productive Type C meeting with the FDA. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the design of a proposed Phase 3 clinical study and the plan for submission of an eventual 505(b)(2) marketing application. In light of the FDA’s feedback, we plan to submit a final protocol to the FDA during the first half of 2025 and approach the EMA, with the aim of commencing enrollment of the pivotal Phase 3 study in the second half of 2025, which would include approximately 300 patients divided by a ratio of 2:1, PrimeC to placebo. The Phase 3 study is expected to be a randomized, multi-center, multinational, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, with an open label extension (OLE), to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PrimeC in people living with ALS. Following 12 months of treatment, it is expected that all participants will transition to PrimeC for a 12-month open label extension.
In December 2024, we entered into a binding term sheet with a leading global pharmaceutical company to advance the development and commercialization of PrimeC, in certain key territories. The closing of this transaction is subject to finalization of a definitive agreement and there can be no assurance as to the timing of, or whether, such an agreement will ultimately be executed, and if executed, what would be the final terms of such an agreement.
PrimeC was previously evaluated in a Phase 2a clinical trial, or NST002, in 15 people living with ALS, conducted at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel. The primary endpoint of the NST002 trial, which was safety and tolerability, was met. In this trial, the safety profile observed was consistent with known safety profiles of ciprofloxacin and celecoxib. Side effects were mild and transient in nature. There were no new or unexpected safety signals detected during the trial.
Additionally, we observed positive clinical signals in comparison to virtual controls, and a serum biomarker analysis showed significant changes following treatment, indicating biological activity of the drug in comparison to untreated matched ALS patients. All 12 patients who completed the NST002 trial elected to continue into an extension study with PrimeC, that was conducted as an Investigator Initiated Study. To date, we are still supporting the drug supply for a few of the participants in this study, which is over than 40 months since NST002 was initiated.
We completed three additional studies in 2022 as part of our drug development program to further support our future regulatory submissions. In April 2022, we initiated a pharmacokinetic, or PK, study, or NCT05232461, of PrimeC. The PK open-label, randomized, single-dose, three-treatment, three-period crossover study evaluated the effect of food on the bioavailability of PrimeC as compared to the bioavailability of co-administered ciprofloxacin tablets and celecoxib capsules in adult subjects in the U.S. under an FDA cleared IND protocol.
In August 2022, we completed enrollment and dosing of all subjects in a multi-dose PK study, or NCT05436678. On September 28, 2022, we released the results of the NCT05436678 study. Based on results, we believe the PK profile of PrimeC supports the formulation’s extended-release properties, as the concentrations of the active components have been synchronized, aiming to potentially maximize the synergism between the two compounds. In June 2022, we reported the successful completion of the “in-life” phase of its 90-day GLP toxicology study. In this study, the components of PrimeC, celecoxib and ciprofloxacin, were administered to rodents at doses 4x the maximal clinical dose. All animals appeared normal, with no significant findings observed. We intend to present the data from these studies to the FDA as part of PrimeC’s drug development plan.
We believe we have a strong patent estate, including patents on method of use, combination, and formulation. We have secured U.S. Patent 10,980,780 relating to methods for treatment of ALS using ciprofloxacin and celecoxib, the components of PrimeC, which expires in 2038. Equivalent patents also have been issued in the European Patent Office, Canada, Australia, Israel and Japan. The patent estate also includes US Patent 12,097,185, which relates to Prime C formulations. This patent will expire in December 2042. Equivalent applications are pending in many jurisdictions worldwide. We also expect to take advantage of orphan drug exclusivity for PrimeC, if approved, for seven years in the United States and ten years in the European Union. In addition, U.S. patent application 16/623,467, which relates to methods of treatment of neurodegenerative disease using combinations of ciprofloxacin and celecoxib, is currently pending. This patent application, once granted, is expected to expire on June 20, 2038.
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Our organization is built around a management team with extensive experience in the pharmaceutical industry, with a particular focus on ALS research and clinical trials. We believe that our leadership team is well-positioned to lead us through clinical development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our product candidates. Furthermore, we maintain steadfast and extensive communication and collaboration with patient advocacy groups and associations, underscoring the importance of patient perspectives in advancing therapeutic strategies.
In addition to PrimeC, we extended our pipeline and conducted research and development efforts for AD and PD, with a similar strategy of combined products. The following chart represents our current product development pipeline:
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Recent Developments
Standby Equity Purchase Agreement with YA
On October 31, 2024, we entered into the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“Standby Equity Purchase Agreement”) with YA II PN, LTD., a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership (“YA”). Pursuant to the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to YA from time to time (each such occurrence, an “Advance”) up to $30.0 million (the “Commitment Amount”) of our ordinary shares during the 36 months following the execution of the Purchase Agreement, subject to the restrictions and satisfaction of the conditions in the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement. At our option, the ordinary shares would be purchased by YA from time to time at a price equal to 97% of the lowest of the three daily VWAPs during a three consecutive trading day period commencing on the date that we, subject to certain limitations, deliver a notice to YA that the Company is committing Yorkville to purchase such ordinary shares (the “Advance Shares”). We may also specify a certain minimum acceptable price per share in each Advance. “VWAP” means, for any trading day, the daily volume weighted average price of our ordinary shares for such trading day on the Nasdaq Stock Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P. As consideration for YA’s irrevocable commitment to purchase our ordinary shares up to the Commitment Amount, we issued 224,697 ordinary shares (the “Commitment Shares”) to YA and also paid a $25,000 structuring fee to YA. As of the date of this prospectus, we have sold 175,000 Advance Shares to YA.
Pursuant to the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement, YA shall not be obligated to purchase or acquire any ordinary shares under the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other ordinary shares beneficially owned by YA and its affiliates, would result in the beneficial ownership of YA and its affiliates (on an aggregated basis) to exceed 4.99% of the then outstanding voting power or number of our ordinary shares.
December 2024 Private Placement
On December 2, 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Rimon Gold Assets, Ltd. and Alon Ben-Noon, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement (the “December 2024 Private Placement”) by us directly to the purchasers (i) 2,343,729 ordinary shares; (ii) Warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 8,000,000 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $1.25 per share (the “December 2024 Ordinary Warrants”); and (iii) Pre-Funded Warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 1,656,271 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share (the “December 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants”). The purchase price of each ordinary share and accompanying two warrants was $1.25, and the purchase price of each December 2024 Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying December 2024 Ordinary Warrant was $1.2499. The gross proceeds from the December 2024 Private Placement were $5.0 million, before deducting offering expenses payable by us.
The December 2024 Ordinary Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance at an exercise price of $1.25 per share and expire five years from the date of issuance. The December 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and may be exercised at any time until the December 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. As of the date of this prospectus, 1,380,000 December 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants have been exercised. A holder of December 2024 Ordinary Warrants or December 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of such warrants to the extent that the holder would own more than 9.99% of our outstanding ordinary shares immediately after exercise.
September 2025 Private Placement
On September 4, 2025, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the selling shareholder, pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement by us directly to the purchaser, 333,334 ordinary shares (the “September 2025 Private Placement”). The purchase price of each Share was $1.50. The gross proceeds from the September 2025 Private Placement were approximately $0.5 million, before deducting offering expenses payable by us of approximately $28,000.
Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, on September 9, 2025 we issued to the purchaser the subscribed for Shares against payment of $0.5 million.
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Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we are registering for resale on this registration statement on Form F-3, 333,334 Shares issued to the selling shareholder.
Corporate Information
Our legal and commercial name is NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd. We were incorporated on February 13, 2017 and were registered as a private company limited by shares under the laws of the State of Israel. We completed our initial public offering on the Nasdaq in December 2021. Our ordinary shares and warrants to purchase our ordinary shares are traded on the Nasdaq under the symbol “NRSN” and “NRSNW,” respectively.
Our principal executive offices are located at 11 HaMenofim Street, Building B, Herzliya, 4672562 Israel, and our telephone number is +972-9-7996183. Our website address is www.neurosense-tx.com. The information on our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). As such, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other publicly traded entities that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include:
| ● | not being required to have our registered independent public accounting firm attest to management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; |
| ● | not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis); |
| ● | not being required to submit certain executive compensation matters to stockholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay,” “say-on-frequency” and “say-on-golden parachutes”; |
| ● | the audit reports of our independent registered public accounting firm do not require communication of critical audit matters; and |
| ● | not being required to disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation. |
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As a result, the information contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein may be different from the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold shares. We may take advantage of these provisions for up until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest to occur of: (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion; (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the previous three years; (iii) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act; or (iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering.
Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer
We are also a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we continue to qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including:
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; |
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and |
| ● | the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial statements and other specified information, and current reports on Form 8-K upon the occurrence of specified significant events. |
Notwithstanding these exemptions, we will file with the SEC, within four months after the end of each fiscal year, or such applicable time as required by the SEC, an Annual Report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.
We may take advantage of these exemptions until such time as we are no longer a foreign private issuer. We would cease to be a foreign private issuer at such time as more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are held by U.S. residents and any of the following three circumstances applies: (i) the majority of our executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents; (ii) more than 50% of our assets are located in the U.S.; or (iii) our business is administered principally in the U.S.
Both foreign private issuers and emerging growth companies also are exempt from certain more stringent executive compensation disclosure rules. Thus, even if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, but remain a foreign private issuer, we will continue to be exempt from the more stringent compensation disclosures required of companies that are neither an emerging growth company nor a foreign private issuer.
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| Securities offered by the selling shareholder for resale | 333,334 Shares. | |
| Ordinary shares as of October 27, 2025 | 29,550,970 ordinary shares. | |
| Use of proceeds | All of the Shares offered by the selling shareholder for resale pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the selling shareholder. We will not receive any proceeds from such sales. See the section titled “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus for more information. | |
| Offering price | The Shares offered by the selling shareholder under this prospectus may be offered and sold at prevailing market prices, negotiated prices or such other prices as the selling shareholder may determine. See the section titled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus for more information. | |
| Risk factors | See the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8 and the other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider before deciding to invest in the Shares. | |
| Listing | Our ordinary shares and warrants to purchase ordinary shares are listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols “NRSN” and “NRSNW, respectively.” |
Unless otherwise stated, all information in this prospectus, is based on 29,550,970 ordinary shares outstanding as of October 27, 2025, and does not include the following as of that date:
| ● | 1,084,128 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding, at a weighted average exercise price of $2.31 per share under our 2018 Share Option Plan; |
| ● | 20,000 ordinary shares issuable upon the vesting of restricted share units, or RSUs, outstanding under our 2018 Share Incentive Plan; |
| ● | 1,970,406 ordinary shares reserved for issuance and available for future grant under our 2018 Share Incentive Plan; |
| ● | 16,535,000 ordinary shares underlying warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $1.83 per share; |
| ● | 276,271 ordinary shares underlying pre-funded warrants; and |
| ● | the Advance Shares and any additional shares we may issue to YA pursuant to the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement should we elect to sell such shares to YA. |
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You should carefully consider the risks described below and the risks described in our 2024 Annual Report, which are incorporated by reference herein, as well as the financial or other information included in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before you decide to buy our securities. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks facing us. We may face additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial. Any of the risks described below, and any such additional risks, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In such case, you may lose all or part of your original investment. The discussion of risks includes or refers to forward-looking statements; you should read the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on such forward-looking statements discussed elsewhere in this prospectus supplement under the caption “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above.
Risks Related to this Offering
The sale of a substantial amount of our ordinary shares, including resale of the shares held by the selling shareholder in the public market could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares.
Sales of substantial amounts of our ordinary shares or warrants in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares, and the market value of our other securities. We cannot predict if and when the selling shareholder may sell such shares in the public markets. Furthermore, in the future, we may issue additional ordinary shares or warrants or other equity or debt securities convertible into ordinary shares. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing shareholders and could cause our share price to decline.
The price of our ordinary shares may be volatile.
The market price of our ordinary shares has fluctuated in the past. Consequently, the current market price of our ordinary shares may not be indicative of future market prices, and we may be unable to sustain or increase the value of your investment in our ordinary shares.
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We conduct some of our operations in Israel. Conditions in Israel, including the recent attack by Hamas and other terrorist organizations from the Gaza Strip and Israel’s war against them, may affect our operations.
Our corporate headquarters is located in Herzliya, Israel. Because we are incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, and most of our officers and fourteen out of sixteen of our employees are residents of Israel, our business and operations are directly affected by economic, political, geopolitical and military conditions in Israel. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have occurred between Israel and its neighboring countries and terrorist organizations active in the region. These conflicts have involved missile strikes, hostile infiltrations and terrorism against civilian targets in various parts of Israel, which have negatively affected business conditions in Israel.
In October 2023, Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel’s southern border from the Gaza Strip and conducted a series of attacks on civilian and military targets. Hamas also launched extensive rocket attacks on Israeli population and industrial centers located along Israel’s border with the Gaza Strip and in other areas within the State of Israel. These attacks resulted in thousands of deaths and injuries, and Hamas additionally kidnapped many Israeli civilians and soldiers. Following the attack, Israel’s security cabinet declared war against Hamas and a military campaign against these terrorist organizations commenced in parallel to their continued rocket and terror attacks. In parallel, border clashes between Israel and the Hezbollah terrorist group on Israel’s northern border with Lebanon intensified and may escalate into a greater regional conflict. In October 2025, a ceasefire was brokered between Israel and Hamas. However, we cannot predict if and to what extent this ceasefire will remain in effect or upheld.
In addition, since the commencement of these events, there have been continued hostilities along Israel’s northern border with Lebanon (with the Hezbollah terror organization) and on other fronts from various extremist groups in region, such as the Houthis in Yemen and various rebel militia groups in Syria and Iraq. In October 2024, Israel began limited ground operations against Hezbollah in Lebanon, and in November 2024, a ceasefire was brokered between Israel and Hezbollah. In addition, in April 2024 and October 2024, Iran (in concert with other regional actors) launched direct attacks on Israel involving hundreds of drones and missiles and has threatened to continue to attack Israel and is widely believed to be developing nuclear weapons. Such attacks may continue due to continuing tensions in the region. In June 2025, in light of continued nuclear threats and intelligence assessments indicating imminent attacks, Israel launched a preemptive strike directly targeting military and nuclear infrastructure inside Iran, aimed at disrupting Iran’s capacity to coordinate or launch further hostilities against Israel, as well as to degrade its nuclear program. In response, Iran launched multiple waves of drones and ballistic missiles at Israeli cities. While most of these attacks were intercepted, several caused civilian casualties and damage to infrastructure. While a ceasefire was reached between Israel and Iran in June 2025 after 12 days of hostilities, the situation remains volatile. Iran is also believed to have a strong influence among extremist groups in the region, such as Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Houthi movement in Yemen and various rebel militia groups in Syria and Iraq. These situations may potentially escalate in the future to more violent events which may affect Israel and us. Additionally, Yemeni rebel group, the Houthis, launched series of attacks on global shipping routes in the Red Sea, causing disruptions of supply chain. These geopolitical developments may adversely affect our ability to continue carrying out various administrative, research, operational and commercial functions and activities both in Israel and globally.
Any hostilities, armed conflicts, terrorist activities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners, or any political instability in the region could directly or indirectly adversely affect business conditions and our results of operations and could make it more difficult for us to raise capital and could adversely affect the market price of our ordinary share. An escalation of tensions or violence might result in a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations in Israel and our business. Parties with whom we do business have sometimes declined to travel to Israel during periods of heightened unrest or tension, forcing us to make alternative arrangements when necessary in order to meet our business partners face to face. In addition, the political and security situation in Israel may result in parties with whom we have agreements involving performance in Israel claiming that they are not obligated to perform their commitments under those agreements pursuant to force majeure provisions in such agreements.
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The Israel Defense Force, or IDF, the national military of Israel, is a conscripted military service, subject to certain exceptions. Since October 7, 2023, the IDF has called up several hundred thousand of its reserve forces to serve. Fourteen out of our current 16 employees are resident in Israel. Three of our five executive officers and the 11 other non-management employees of the Company reside in Israel. Currently none of our executive officers nor non-management employees have been called up to perform reserve military service; however, some employees may be called for service in the current or future wars or other armed conflicts with Hamas, Hezbollah or other regional threat actors, and such persons may be absent for an extended period of time. As a result, our operations in Israel may be disrupted by such absences, which disruption may materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Since the war broke out on October 7, 2023, our operations have not been adversely affected by this situation, and we have not experienced disruptions to our clinical studies. As such, our clinical and business development activities remain on track. However, potential changes to the security situation in Israel are difficult to predict at this stage. If these ceasefires collapse or if the war expands to other fronts, such as Iran, Lebanon, Syria and the West Bank, our operations may be adversely affected.
All of our clinical and pre-clinical research and development is currently being conducted outside of Israel, other than our 12-month open label-extension, or OLE, study of the PARADIGM trial, partially conducted in Tel Aviv, and a planned Phase 2 trial with PrimeC for AD that we plan to conduct in Haifa, Israel. The OLE has not been affected by the war, although the quality of the study may be adversely affected if as a result of the war patients are unable to visit the study center or the study coordinator is not able to conduct home visits and monitor the patients. In addition, in the event of a significant escalation of hostilities in northern Israel, there may be a delay in the planned AD trial. We do not believe the planned AD trial will be materially affected by the war and do not anticipate that any such delay as a result of the war would have a material impact on us. We may also elect to set up a site in Israel for a Phase 3 pivotal ALS trial of PrimeC, but this would be in addition to numerous other sites in Europe and the United States, and as a result we do not expect the timeline or quality of this trial to be adversely affected by the war. Our manufacturing is conducted in India. We do not currently anticipate any disruption to the supply chain relevant to our ongoing clinical trials and believe there are alternative sources of supply from whom we could obtain the necessary finished drug product to conduct our clinical trials. In addition, we believe we have sufficient finished product in inventory to continue our ongoing clinical trials for at least the next few months.
Our commercial insurance does not cover losses that may occur as a result of an event associated with the security situation in the Middle East. Although the Israeli government is currently committed to covering the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, there can be no assurance that this government coverage will be maintained, or if maintained, will be sufficient to compensate us fully for damages incurred. Any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Finally, political conditions within Israel may affect our operations. Israel has held five general elections between 2019 and 2022, and prior to October 2023, the Israeli government pursued extensive changes to Israel’s judicial system, which sparked extensive political debate and unrest. Some changes to Israel’s judicial system have been made, but to date, the more extensive change have not progressed. Actual or perceived political instability in Israel or any negative changes in the political environment, may individually or in the aggregate adversely affect the Israeli economy and, in turn, our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
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On September 4, 2025, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the selling shareholder, pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell, in the September 2025 Private Placement 333,334 ordinary shares. The purchase price of each Share was $1.50. The gross proceeds from the September 2025 Private Placement were approximately $0.5 million, before deducting offering expenses payable by.
Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, on September 9, 2025 we issued to the purchaser the subscribed for Shares against payment of $0.5 million.
Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we are registering for resale on this registration statement on Form F-3, 333,334 Shares issued to the selling shareholder.
All of the Shares offered by the selling shareholder for resale pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the selling shareholder. We will not receive any of the proceeds from such sales. The selling shareholder will receive all of the proceeds from any sales of the Shares offered hereby. However, we will incur expenses in connection with the registration of the Shares offered hereby.
MARKET FOR ORDINARY SHARES AND DIVIDEND POLICY
Our ordinary shares are traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “NRSN.” The last reported sale price of our ordinary shares on October 27, 2025 on the Nasdaq Capital Market was $1.14 per share.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares, and we anticipate that, for the foreseeable future, we will retain any future earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. Therefore, we do not expect to pay cash dividends for at least the next several years.
The distribution of dividends may also be limited by the Israeli Companies Law, 5759-1999 (the “Companies Law”), which permits the distribution of dividends only out of retained earnings or earnings derived over the two most recent fiscal years, whichever is higher, provided that there is no reasonable concern that payment of a dividend will prevent a company from satisfying its existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due. As of December 31, 2024, we did not have distributable earnings pursuant to the Companies Law. Dividend distributions may be determined by our board of directors, as our amended and restated articles of association do not provide that such distributions require shareholder approval.
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The table below sets forth our total capitalization:
| ● | on an actual basis as of June 30, 2025; and |
| ● | on a pro forma basis, giving effect to the following events that occurred after June 30, 2025 (i) the issuance of 1,116,774 ordinary shares that were issued pursuant to the Capital on Demand Sales Agreement, or the Sales Agreement, entered with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC on August 16, 2024, or the August 2024 Sales Agreement, for net proceeds of approximately $1,435,432, and (ii) the issuance of 333,334 ordinary shares for gross proceeds of approximately $0.5 million (before deducting offering expenses payable by us of approximately $28,000) in the September 2025 Private Placement. |
The pro forma amounts shown below are unaudited, represent management’s estimate, and their accounting treatment has not been completed. The information in this table should be read in conjunction with and is qualified by reference to the financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
The following table should be read in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” our financial statements and related notes that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the other financial information included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our expected results for any future periods.
| As of June 30, 2025 | ||||||||
| (unaudited) | Actual (in thousands) | Pro Forma (in thousands) | ||||||
| Cash | $ | 666 | $ | 2,574 | ||||
| Long term liabilities | — | — | ||||||
| Shareholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Ordinary shares, no par value per share | — | — | ||||||
| Share premium and capital reserve | 40,850 | 42,758 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (41,369 | ) | (41,369 | ) | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | (519 | ) | 1,389 | |||||
| Total capitalization | $ | (519 | ) | $ | 1,389 | |||
The table above is based on 24,602,405 ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025. This number excludes:
| ● | 1,129,128 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding, at a weighted average exercise price of $2.21 per share under our 2018 Share Option Plan; |
| ● | 20,000 ordinary shares issuable upon the vesting of restricted share units outstanding, some of which are under our 2018 Share Incentive Plan; |
| ● | 4,043,863 ordinary shares reserved for issuance and available for future grant under our 2018 Share Incentive Plan; |
| ● | 1,656,271 ordinary shares underlying pre-funded warrants; |
| ● | 16,535,000 ordinary shares underlying warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $1.83 per share; and |
| ● | the Commitment Shares and the Advance Shares and any additional shares we may issue to YA pursuant to the Purchase Agreement should we elect to sell such shares to YA. |
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The ordinary shares being offered by the selling shareholder pursuant to this prospectus are the Shares issued to such selling shareholder. We are registering the Shares in order to permit the selling shareholder to offer the Shares for resale from time to time. To our knowledge, the selling shareholder has not had any material relationship with us or our affiliates within the past three years. Our knowledge is based on information provided by the selling shareholder in connection with the filing of this prospectus.
The table below lists the selling shareholder and other information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Shares by the selling shareholder. This table is prepared based on information supplied to us by the selling shareholder. The second column lists the number of our ordinary shares beneficially owned by the selling shareholder, based on its ownership of our ordinary shares, as of October 27, 2025. The fourth column lists the maximum number of our ordinary shares that may be sold or otherwise disposed of by the selling shareholder pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The selling shareholder may sell or otherwise dispose of some, all or none of their Shares in this offering. Pursuant to the rules of the SEC, beneficial ownership includes any of the ordinary shares as to which a shareholder has sole or shared voting power or investment power, as well as any ordinary shares that a selling shareholder has the right to acquire within 60 days as of the date of this prospectus. The percentage of beneficial ownership for the selling shareholder is based on 29,550,970 ordinary shares outstanding as of October 27, 2025 and the number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise or conversion of convertible securities that are currently exercisable or convertible or are exercisable or convertible within 60 days of the date of this prospectus, beneficially owned by the selling shareholder. The fifth and sixth column assumes the sale of all of the Shares offered by the selling shareholder pursuant to this prospectus.
| Name of Selling Shareholder | Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to the Offering(1) | Percentage of Outstanding Ordinary Shares | Maximum Number of Ordinary Shares To Be Sold Pursuant to this Prospectus | Number of Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned After the Offering(1) | Percentage of Outstanding Ordinary Shares after the Offering(1) | |||||||||||||||
| Lior Tamar Investments Ltd. | 333,334 | 1.13 | % | 333,334 | 0 | - | ||||||||||||||
| (1) | Assumes that (i) all of the Shares covered by the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part are sold in this offering and (ii) the selling shareholder does not acquire additional ordinary shares after the date of this prospectus and prior to completion of this offering. |
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The selling shareholder and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their securities covered hereby on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. A selling shareholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:
| ● | ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers; |
| ● | block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; |
| ● | purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and the subsequent resale by the broker-dealer for its account; |
| ● | an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; |
| ● | an over-the-counter distribution in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq; |
| ● | through trading plans entered into by the selling shareholder pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act that are in place at the time of an offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement hereto that provide for periodic sales of their securities on the basis of parameters described in such trading plans; |
| ● | transactions other than on such exchanges or in the over-the-counter market; |
| ● | directly to purchasers, including through a specific bidding, auction or other process or in privately negotiated transactions; |
| ● | settlement of short sales; |
| ● | in transactions through broker-dealers that agree with the selling shareholder to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated price per security; |
| ● | through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise; |
| ● | a combination of any such methods of sale; or |
| ● | any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. |
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The selling shareholder may also sell securities under Rule 144 or any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.
Broker-dealers engaged by the selling shareholder may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling shareholder (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121.
In connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the selling shareholder may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling shareholder may also sell securities short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The selling shareholder may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).
The selling shareholder and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. The selling shareholder has informed us that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities.
We are required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by us incident to the registration of the resale of the Shares covered by this prospectus. We have agreed to indemnify the selling shareholder against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities.
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DESCRIPTION OF OUR SECURITIES BEING REGISTERED
The securities to be registered for resale on this registration statement on Form F-3 of which this prospectus forms a part include up to an aggregate amount of 333,334 Shares issued to the selling shareholder.
Our Ordinary Shares
Our authorized share capital consists of 90,000,000 ordinary shares, no par value per share, of which 29,550,970 ordinary shares were issued and outstanding as of October 27, 2025.
All of the outstanding ordinary shares are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. Our ordinary shares are not redeemable and do not have any pre-emptive rights.
Voting Rights and Conversion
All ordinary shares will have identical voting and other rights in all respects. None of our major shareholders have different voting rights than our other shareholders.
Transfer of Shares
Fully paid ordinary shares are issued in registered form and may be freely transferred under our amended and restated articles of association, unless the transfer is restricted or prohibited by another instrument, applicable law or the rules of a stock exchange on which the shares are listed for trading. The ownership or voting of ordinary shares by non-residents of Israel is not restricted in any way by the amended and restated articles of association or the laws of the State of Israel, except for ownership by nationals of some countries that are, or have been, in a state of war with Israel.
Liability to Further Capital Calls
Our board of directors may make, from time to time, such calls as it may deem fit upon shareholders with respect to any sum unpaid with respect to ordinary shares held by such shareholders, which is not payable at a fixed time. Such shareholder shall pay the amount of every call so made upon him. Unless otherwise stipulated by our board of directors, each payment in response to a call shall be deemed to constitute a pro rata payment on account of all shares with respect to which such call was made. A shareholder shall not be entitled to his rights as shareholder, including the right to dividends, unless such shareholder has fully paid all the notices of call delivered to him, or which according to our amended and restated articles of association are deemed to have been delivered to him, together with interest, linkage and expenses, if any, unless otherwise determined by our board of directors.
Business Combinations
Under our amended and restated articles of association, we may not engage in any “business combinations” with any “interested shareholder” for a three-year period following the time that such shareholder became an interested shareholder, unless:
| ● | prior to the time that such shareholder became an interested shareholder, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder; |
| ● | upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder, the interested shareholder owned at least 85% of our voting shares outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining our voting shares outstanding (but not the outstanding voting shares owned by the interested shareholder) those shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers; or |
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| ● | at the time that such shareholder became an interested shareholder, or subsequent to such time, the business combination is approved by our board of directors and authorized at a general meeting of shareholders by the affirmative vote of at least 662/3% of our voting shares outstanding that are not owned by the interested shareholder. |
Generally, a “business combination” includes any merger, consolidation, sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested shareholder. Subject to certain exceptions, an “interested shareholder” is any person (other than us and any of our direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiaries) who, together with such person’s affiliates and associates, owns, or within the previous three years owned, 15% or more of our voting shares.
Under certain circumstances, this provision will make it more difficult for a person who would be an “interested shareholder” to effect various business combinations with a corporation for a three-year period. This provision may encourage companies interested in acquiring us to negotiate in advance with our board of directors because the shareholder approval requirement would be avoided if our board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which results in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder. These provisions also may have the effect of preventing changes in our board of directors and may make it more difficult to accomplish transactions which shareholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
Election of Directors
Our ordinary shares do not have cumulative voting rights for the election of directors. As a result, the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at a shareholders meeting have the power to elect our directors, subject to the special approval requirements for external directors under the Companies Law. Under our amended and restated articles of association, the number of directors on our board of directors must be no less than three and no more than nine, including any external directors required to be appointed under the Companies Law. The minimum and maximum number of directors may be changed, at any time and from time to time, by a special vote of the holders of at least 662/3% of the outstanding shares.
Other than external directors, for whom special election requirements apply under the Companies Law, the vote required to appoint a director is a simple majority vote. In addition, under our amended and restated articles of association, our board of directors may elect new directors to fill vacancies (whether such vacancy is due to a director no longer serving or due to the number of directors serving being less than the maximum required in our amended and restated articles of association), provided that the total number of directors shall not, at any time, exceed nine directors and provided that our board of directors may not elect external directors. Our amended and restated articles of association provide that the term of a director appointed by our board of directors to fill any vacancy will be for the remaining term of office of the director(s) whose office(s) have been vacated. Furthermore, under our amended and restated articles of association, our directors, other than external directors, are divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. Each class of directors consists, as nearly as possible, of 1/3 of the total number of directors constituting the entire board of directors (other than the external directors).
External directors are elected for an initial term of three years, may be elected for additional three-year terms, and may be removed from office pursuant to the terms of the Companies Law.
Dividend and Liquidation Rights
We may declare a dividend to be paid to the holders of our ordinary shares in proportion to their respective shareholdings. Under the Companies Law, dividend distributions are determined by our board of directors and do not require the approval of the shareholders of a company unless our articles of association provide otherwise. Our amended and restated articles of association do not require shareholder approval of a dividend distribution and provide that dividend distributions may be determined by our board of directors.
Pursuant to the Companies Law, subject to certain exceptions with the respect to the buyback by us of our ordinary shares, the distribution amount is limited to the greater of retained earnings or earnings generated over the previous two years, according to our then last reviewed or audited financial statements (less the amount of previously distributed dividends, if not reduced from the earnings), provided that the end of the period to which the financial statements relate is not more than six months prior to the date of the distribution. If we do not meet such criteria, then the we may distribute dividends only with court approval. In each case, we are only permitted to distribute a dividend if our board of directors and, if applicable, the court determines that there is no reasonable concern that payment of the dividend will prevent us from satisfying our existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due. In the event of our liquidation, after satisfaction of liabilities to creditors, our assets will be distributed to the holders of our ordinary shares in proportion to their shareholdings. This right, as well as the right to receive dividends, may be affected by the grant of preferential dividend or distribution rights to the holders of a class of shares with preferential rights that may be authorized in the future.
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Exchange Controls
There are currently no Israeli currency control restrictions on remittances of dividends on our ordinary shares, proceeds from the sale of ordinary shares or interest or other payments to non-residents of Israel, except for shareholders who are subjects of certain countries that are, or have been, in a state of war with Israel at such time.
Shareholder Meetings
Under Israeli law, we are required to hold an annual general meeting of our shareholders once every calendar year that must be held no later than 15 months after the date of the previous annual general meeting. All general meetings other than the annual meeting of shareholders are referred to in our amended and restated articles of association as special meetings. Our board of directors may call special meetings whenever it sees fit, at such time and place, within or outside of Israel, as it may determine. In addition, the Companies Law provides that our board of directors is required to convene a special general meeting upon the written request of (i) any two of our directors or one-quarter of the members of our board of directors or (ii) one or more shareholders holding, in the aggregate, either (a) 5% or more of our outstanding issued shares and 1% or more of our outstanding voting power or (b) 5% or more of our outstanding voting power.
Under Israeli law, one or more shareholders holding at least 1% of the voting rights at the general meeting may request that the board of directors include a matter in the agenda of a general meeting to be convened in the future, such as nominating a director candidate, provided that it is appropriate to discuss such a matter at the general meeting. Our amended and restated articles of association contain procedural guidelines and disclosure items with respect to the submission of shareholder proposals for shareholders meetings.
Subject to the provisions of the Companies Law and the regulations promulgated thereunder, shareholders entitled to participate and vote at general meetings are the shareholders of record on a date to be decided by the board of directors, which may be between four and 40 days prior to the date of the meeting. Furthermore, the Companies Law requires that resolutions regarding, among other things, the following matters must be passed at a general meeting of our shareholders:
| ● | amendments to our amended and restated articles of association; |
| ● | appointment or termination of our auditors; |
| ● | election of directors, including external directors (unless otherwise determined in our amended and restated articles of association); |
| ● | approval of certain related party transactions; |
| ● | increases or reductions of our authorized share capital; |
| ● | a merger; and |
| ● | the exercise of our board of directors’ powers by a general meeting, if our board of directors is unable to exercise its powers and the exercise of any of its powers is required for our proper management. |
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Under our amended and restated articles of association, we are not required to give notice to our registered shareholders pursuant to the Companies Law, unless otherwise required by law. The Companies Law requires that a notice of any annual general meeting or special general meeting be provided to shareholders at least 21 days prior to the meeting and if the agenda of the meeting includes the appointment or removal of directors, the approval of transactions with office holders or interested or related parties, or an approval of a merger, or as otherwise required under applicable law, notice must be provided at least 35 days prior to the meeting. Under the Companies Law, shareholders of a public company are not permitted to take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting.
Voting Rights
Quorum Requirements
Pursuant to our amended and restated articles of association, holders of our ordinary shares have one vote for each ordinary share held on all matters submitted to a vote before the shareholders at a general meeting. Under our amended and restated articles of association, the quorum required for general meetings of shareholders must consist of at least two shareholders present in person or by proxy (including by voting deed) holding 25% or more of our voting rights. A meeting adjourned for lack of a quorum will generally be adjourned to the same day of the following week at the same time and place, or to such other day, time or place as indicated by our board of directors if so specified in the notice of the meeting. At the reconvened meeting, any number of shareholders present in person or by proxy shall constitute a lawful quorum.
Vote Requirements
Our amended and restated articles of association provide that all resolutions of our shareholders require a simple majority vote, unless otherwise required by the Companies Law or by our amended and restated articles of association. Our amended and restated articles of association provide that all resolutions of our board of directors require a simple majority vote of the directors present and voting at such meeting, unless otherwise required by the Companies Law or by our amended and restated articles of association. Pursuant to our amended and restated articles of association, in the event the vote is tied, the chair of the board of directors will have a casting vote.
Pursuant to our amended and restated articles of association, an amendment to our amended and restated articles of association regarding any change of the composition or election procedures of our directors will require a special majority vote (66⅔%). In addition, any change to the rights and privileges of the holders of any class of our shares requires a simple majority of the class so affected (or otherwise in accordance with the terms of such class), in addition to the simple majority vote of all classes of shares voting together as a single class at a shareholder meeting.
Under the Companies Law, each of (i) the approval of an extraordinary transaction with a controlling shareholder and (ii) the terms of employment or other engagement of the controlling shareholder of the company or such controlling shareholder’s relative (even if not extraordinary) requires the approval of the compensation committee, board of directors, and shareholders, subject to limited exceptions. Certain transactions with respect to remuneration of our office holders and directors require approvals of the compensation committee, board of directors, and in the case of the chief executive officer and directors, shareholders, subject to limited exceptions Another exception to the simple majority vote requirement is a resolution for the voluntary winding up, or an approval of a scheme of arrangement or reorganization, of the company pursuant to Section 350 of the Companies Law, which requires the approval of holders of 75% of the voting rights represented at the meeting, in person or by proxy and voting on the resolution.
Access to Corporate Records
Under the Companies Law, shareholders are provided access to: minutes of our general meetings; our shareholders register and material shareholders register; our amended and restated articles of association; our financial statements; and any document that we are required by law to file publicly with the Israeli Companies Registrar (the “ISA”). In addition, shareholders may request to be provided with any document related to an action or transaction requiring shareholder approval under the related party transaction provisions of the Companies Law. We may deny this request if we believe it has not been made in good faith or if such denial is necessary to protect our interest or protect a trade secret or patent.
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Modification of Class Rights
Under the Companies Law and our amended and restated articles of association, the rights attached to any class of share, such as voting, liquidation and dividend rights, may be amended by adoption of a resolution by the holders of a majority of the shares of that class present at a separate class meeting, or otherwise in accordance with the terms of such class of shares, in addition to the simple majority vote of all classes of shares voting together as a single class at a shareholder meeting, as set forth in our amended and restated articles of association.
Acquisitions Under Israeli Law
Full Tender Offer. A person wishing to acquire shares of an Israeli public company and who would as a result hold over 90% of the target company’s issued and outstanding share capital is required by the Companies Law to make a tender offer to all of the company’s shareholders for the purchase of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the company. A person wishing to acquire shares of an Israeli public company and who would as a result hold over 90% of the issued and outstanding share capital of a certain class of shares is required to make a tender offer to all of the shareholders who hold shares of the relevant class for the purchase of all of the issued and outstanding shares of that class. If the shareholders who do not accept the offer hold less than 5% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the company or of the applicable class, and more than half of the shareholders who do not have a personal interest in the offer accept the offer, all of the shares that the acquirer offered to purchase will be transferred to the acquirer by operation of law. However, a tender offer will also be accepted if the shareholders who do not accept the offer hold less than 2% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the company or of the applicable class of shares.
Upon a successful completion of such a full tender offer, any shareholder that was an offeree in such tender offer, whether such shareholder accepted the tender offer or not, may, within six months from the date of acceptance of the tender offer, petition an Israeli court to determine whether the tender offer was for less than fair value and that the fair value should be paid as determined by the court. However, under certain conditions, the offeror may include in the terms of the tender offer that an offeree who accepted the offer will not be entitled to petition the Israeli court as described above.
If (a) the shareholders who did not respond or accept the tender offer hold at least 5% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the company or of the applicable class or the shareholders who accept the offer constitute less than a majority of the offerees that do not have a personal interest in the acceptance of the tender offer or (b) the shareholders who did not accept the tender offer hold 2% or more of the issued and outstanding share capital of the company (or of the applicable class), the acquirer may not acquire shares of the company that will increase its holdings to more than 90% of the company’s issued and outstanding share capital or of the applicable class from shareholders who accepted the tender offer.
Special Tender Offer. The Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares of an Israeli public company must be made by means of a special tender offer if as a result of the acquisition the purchaser would become a holder of 25% or more of the voting rights in the company. Similarly, the Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares in a public company must be made by means of a special tender offer if as a result of the acquisition the purchaser would become a holder of more than 45% of the voting rights in the company. These requirements do not apply if, in general, the acquisition (1) was made in a private placement that received shareholder approval, (2) was from a 25% or greater shareholder of the company which resulted in the acquirer becoming a 25% or greater shareholder of the company, or (3) was from a 45% or greater shareholder of the company which resulted in the acquirer becoming a 45% or greater shareholder of the company.
A special tender offer must be extended to all shareholders of a company but the offeror is not required to purchase shares representing more than 5% of the voting power attached to the company’s outstanding shares, regardless of how many shares are tendered by shareholders. A special tender offer may be consummated only if (i) at least 5% of the voting power attached to the company’s outstanding shares will be acquired by the offeror and (ii) the number of shares tendered in the offer exceeds the number of shares whose holders objected to the offer (excluding the purchaser and its controlling shareholders, holders of 25% or more of the voting rights in the company or any person having a personal interest in the acceptance of the tender offer or any other person acting on their behalf, including the relatives and entities under such person’s control). If a special tender offer is accepted, then the purchaser or any person or entity controlling it or under common control with the purchaser or such controlling person or entity may not make a subsequent tender offer for the purchase of shares of the target company and may not enter into a merger with the target company for a period of one year from the date of the offer, unless the purchaser or such person or entity undertook to effect such an offer or merger in the initial special tender offer.
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Merger. The Companies Law permits merger transactions if approved by each party’s board of directors and, unless certain requirements described under the Companies Law are met, by a majority vote of each party’s shares, and, in the case of the target company, a majority vote of each class of its shares, voted on the proposed merger at a shareholders meeting.
For purposes of the shareholder vote, unless a court rules otherwise, the merger will not be deemed approved if a majority of the votes of shares represented at the shareholders meeting that are held by parties other than the other party to the merger, or by any person (or group of persons acting in concert) who holds (or hold, as the case may be) 25% or more of the voting rights or the right to appoint 25% or more of the directors of the other party, vote against the merger. If, however, the merger involves a merger with a company’s own controlling shareholder or if the controlling shareholder has a personal interest in the merger, then the merger is instead subject to the same special majority approval that governs all extraordinary transactions with controlling shareholders. See “Management — Approval of Related Party Transactions under Israeli Law — Fiduciary Duties of Directors and Officers — Disclosure of Personal Interests of an Office Holder and Approval of Certain Transactions.”
If the transaction would have been approved by the shareholders of a merging company but for the separate approval of each class or the exclusion of the votes of certain shareholders as provided above, a court may still approve the merger upon the request of holders of at least 25% of the voting rights of a company, if the court holds that the merger is fair and reasonable, taking into account the value to the parties to the merger and the consideration offered to the shareholders of the company.
Upon the request of a creditor of either party to the proposed merger, the court may delay or prevent the merger if it concludes that there exists a reasonable concern that, as a result of the merger, the surviving company will be unable to satisfy the obligations of the merging entities, and may further give instructions to secure the rights of creditors.
In addition, a merger may not be consummated unless at least 50 days have passed from the date on which a proposal for approval of the merger was filed by each party with the IRC and at least 30 days have passed from the date on which the merger was approved by the shareholders of each party.
Israeli tax law treats some acquisitions, such as share-for-share exchanges between an Israeli company and a foreign company, less favorably than U.S. tax laws. For example, Israeli tax law may, under certain circumstances, subject a shareholder who exchanges his ordinary shares for shares in another corporation to taxation prior to the sale of the shares received in such share-for-share swap.
Anti-Takeover Measures Under Israeli Law
The Companies Law allows us to create and issue shares having rights different from those attached to ordinary shares, including shares providing certain preferred rights with respect to voting, distributions or other matters and shares having pre-emptive rights. As of the date of this prospectus, no preferred shares were authorized under our amended and restated articles of association. In the future, if we do authorize, create and issue a specific class of preferred shares, such class of shares, depending on the specific rights that may be attached to it, may have the ability to frustrate or prevent a takeover or otherwise prevent our shareholders from realizing a potential premium over the market value of their ordinary shares. The authorization and designation of a class of preferred shares will require an amendment to our amended and restated articles of association, which requires the prior approval of the holders of a majority of the voting power attaching to our issued and outstanding shares at a general meeting. The convening of the meeting, the shareholders entitled to participate and the majority vote required to be obtained at such a meeting will be subject to the requirements set forth in the Companies Law as described above in “— Voting Rights.”
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Borrowing Powers
Pursuant to the Companies Law and our amended and restated articles of association, our board of directors may exercise all powers and take all actions that are not required under law or under our amended and restated articles of association to be exercised or taken by our shareholders, including the power to borrow money for company purposes.
Changes in Capital
Our amended and restated articles of association enable us to increase or reduce our share capital. Any such changes are subject to the provisions of the Companies Law and must be approved by a resolution duly adopted by our shareholders at a general meeting. In addition, transactions that have the effect of reducing capital, such as the declaration and payment of dividends in the absence of sufficient retained earnings or profits, require the approval of both our board of directors and an Israeli court.
Establishment
We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel on February 13, 2017. We are registered with the IRC.
History of Share Capital
Since January 1, 2022, our issued share capital has changed as provided below.
In March 2022, we issued 645,000 ordinary shares upon exercise of warrants issued in our initial public offering at a price per share of $6.00.
In October 2022, we issued 35,980 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that were granted to one of our officers in October 2021.
In December 2022, we issued 72,000 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to our officers in November 2021.
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In 2022, we issued 85,449 ordinary shares to certain consultants in exchange for their services. One of the consultants received 44,000 shares of restricted stock which were issued in 4 equal installments and subject to 2 year lock-up period. The other consultant’s received ordinary shares subject to a 6 month lock-up.
In March, June, September and December 2023, we issued 72,000 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to our officers in November 2021.
In May 2023, we issued 3,600 ordinary shares for gross proceeds of $7,200 in connection with our at-the-market offering program. The ordinary shares were sold at market prices at the time of sale.
In May and June 2023 we issued 320,479 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to our officers in March 2023.
In June, September, December 2023 and in March 2024, we issued a total of 100,000 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to our employees in March 2023.
In June 2023, we issued 126,000 ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of options at an exercise price of $0.033 per share.
In June 2023, we issued 1,330,000 ordinary shares pursuant to a registered direct offering at a price per share of $1.50.
In October 2023, we issued 1,670,000 ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of pre-funded warrants that were granted pursuant to a registered direct offering at a price per share of $0.0001.
In March 2024, we issued 160,000 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to our non-management directors in March 2023.
In March, June, September and December 2024, we issued 72,000 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to our officers in November 2021. In April 2024, we issued 20,000 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to our officers in April 2023.
In April 2024, we issued 1,732,000 ordinary shares pursuant to a registered direct offering at a price per share of $1.50.
In April 2024, we issued 70,964 ordinary shares to our placement agent as partial consideration in exchange for their services, in connection with a registered direct offering.
In May 2024, we issued 632,000 ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of pre-funded warrants that were granted pursuant to a registered direct offering at a price per share of $0.0001.
In July 2024, we issued 616,000 ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of pre-funded warrants that were granted pursuant to a registered direct offering at a price per share of $0.0001.
In August 2024, we issued 800,000 ordinary shares pursuant to a private placement offering at a combined purchase price of $0.75 per share and accompanying warrant.
In October and November 2024 we issued 48,000 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to service providers in May 2024.
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Following our entry into the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement in October 2024, as of the date hereof we issued an aggregate of 399,697 ordinary shares to YA, consisting of (i) 224,697 Commitment Shares that we issued to YA as consideration for YA’s irrevocable commitment to purchase our ordinary shares, and (ii) 175,000 ordinary shares that we sold to YA as Advance Shares.
In December 2024, we issued 2,343,729 ordinary shares, 1,656,271 pre-funded warrants and warrants to purchase 8,000,000 ordinary shares in a private placement. The purchase price of each ordinary share and accompanying warrants was $1.25, and the purchase price of each pre-funded warrant and accompanying warrants was $1.2499. In September and October 2025, an aggregate of 1,380,000 December 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants have been exercised.
In March 2025 we issued 295,512 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to service providers.
In April and June, 2025, we issued (i) 14,000 ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of options at an exercise price of $0.96, and (ii) 160,000 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to our directors in 2024.
In April 2025, we issued 20,000 ordinary shares pursuant to vesting of RSUs that were granted to our officers in April 2023.
In September 2025, we issued 333,334 ordinary shares pursuant to the September 2025 Private Placement. The purchase price of each ordinary share was $1.50.
In October 2025, we issued (i) 9,000 ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of options at an exercise price of $0.96, and (ii) an aggregate number of 2,109,457 restricted shares to certain officers and employees.
As of the date hereof, we issued an aggregate of 2,931,235 ordinary shares pursuant to the August 2024 Sales Agreement.
Transfer Agent and Registrar of Ordinary Shares
The transfer agent and registrar for our ordinary shares is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC. Its address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, and its telephone number is (800) 937-5449.
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The following are the estimated expenses of this offering payable by us with respect to the issuance and distribution of the securities covered by the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, all amounts are estimates and may change:
| SEC registration fee | $ | 53 | ||
| Printer fees and expenses | 2,000 | |||
| Legal fees and expenses | 20,000 | |||
| Accountants’ fees and expenses | 5,000 | |||
| Miscellaneous | 956 | |||
| Total | $ | 28,009 |
Certain legal matters with respect to Israeli law and with respect to the validity of the offered securities under Israeli law will be passed upon for us by Goldfarb Gross Seligman & Co. Certain legal matters with respect to U.S. law will be passed upon for us by Greenberg Traurig, P.A.
The consolidated financial statements of NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024 have been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the report of Somekh Chaikin, a member firm of KPMG International, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The audit report covering the December 31, 2024 consolidated financial statements contains an explanatory paragraph that states that the Company’s recurring losses and its expectation to incur significant additional losses raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of that uncertainty.
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ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel. Service of process upon us and upon our directors and officers and the Israeli experts named in this prospectus, substantially all of whom reside outside the U.S., may be difficult to obtain within the U.S. Furthermore, because substantially all of our assets and substantially all of our directors and officers are located outside the U.S., any judgment obtained in the U.S. against us or any of our directors and officers may not be collectible within the U.S.
We have irrevocably appointed Cogency Global Inc. as our agent to receive service of process in any action against us in any U.S. federal or state court arising out of this offering or any purchase or sale of securities in connection with this offering. The address of our agent is 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168.
We have been informed by our legal counsel in Israel, Goldfarb Gross Seligman & Co., that it may be difficult to initiate an action with respect to U.S. securities law in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on an alleged violation of U.S. securities laws reasoning that Israel is not the most appropriate forum to hear such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact by expert witnesses which can be a time-consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure may also be governed by Israeli law.
Subject to certain time limitations and legal procedures, Israeli courts may enforce a U.S. judgment in a civil matter which, subject to certain exceptions, is non-appealable, including judgments based upon the civil liability provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and including a monetary or compensatory judgment in a non-civil matter, provided that:
| ● | the judgment was rendered by a court which was, according to the laws of the state of the court, competent to render the judgment; |
| ● | the obligation imposed by the judgment is enforceable according to the rules relating to the enforceability of judgments in Israel and the substance of the judgment is not contrary to public policy; and |
| ● | the judgment is executory in the state in which it was given. |
| Even if these conditions are met, an Israeli court will not declare a foreign civil judgment enforceable if: |
| ● | the judgment was given in a state whose laws do not provide for the enforcement of judgments of Israeli courts (subject to exceptional cases); |
| ● | the enforcement of the judgment is likely to prejudice the sovereignty or security of the State of Israel; |
| ● | the judgment was obtained by fraud; |
| ● | the opportunity given to the defendant to bring its arguments and evidence before the court was not reasonable in the opinion of the Israeli court; |
| ● | the judgment was rendered by a court not competent to render it according to the laws of private international law as they apply in Israel; |
| ● | the judgment is contradictory to another judgment that was given in the same matter between the same parties and that is still valid; or |
| ● | at the time the action was brought in the foreign court, a lawsuit in the same matter and between the same parties was pending before a court or tribunal in Israel. |
If a foreign judgment is enforced by an Israeli court, it generally will be payable in Israeli currency, which can then be converted into non-Israeli currency and transferred out of Israel. The usual practice in an action before an Israeli court to recover an amount in a non-Israeli currency is for the Israeli court to issue a judgment for the equivalent amount in Israeli currency at the rate of exchange in force on the date of the judgment, but the judgment debtor may make payment in foreign currency. Pending collection, the amount of the judgment of an Israeli court stated in Israeli currency ordinarily will be linked to the Israeli consumer price index plus interest at the annual statutory rate set by Israeli regulations prevailing at the time. Judgment creditors must bear the risk of unfavorable exchange rates.
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WHERE CAN YOU FIND MORE INFORMATION
This prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form F-3 we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act, with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. However, as is permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, this prospectus, which constitutes part of the registration statement, omits certain non-material information, exhibits, schedules and undertakings set forth in the registration statement. For further information about us, and the securities offered by this prospectus, please refer to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the registration statement. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted.
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to a foreign private issuer. In accordance with the Exchange Act, we file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F by April 30th of each year. We also furnish to the SEC under cover of Form 6-K material information required to be made public in Israel, filed with and made public by any stock exchange or distributed by us to our shareholders.
The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, such as us, that file electronically with the SEC (http://www.sec.gov).
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the “short-swing profits” reporting and liability provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act and related Exchange Act rules.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and information we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. The documents we are incorporating by reference as of their respective dates of filing are:
| ● | our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 7, 2025; |
| ● | our Reports on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on April 7, 2025, April 24, 2025, May 7, 2025, June 26, 2025, July 10, 2025, August 1, 2025, August 20, 2025, August 21, 2025, September 2, 2025, September 4, 2025, September 4, 2025, September 10, 2025, September 25, 2025 and October 6, 2025 (in each case, to the extent expressly incorporated by reference into our effective registration statements filed by us under the Securities Act); and |
| ● | the description of our ordinary shares contained under the heading “Item 1. Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered” in our registration statement on Form 8-A, as filed with the SEC on November 18, 2021, including any subsequent amendment or any report filed for the purpose of updating such description. |
All subsequent annual reports filed by us pursuant to the Exchange Act on Form 20-F prior to the termination of an offering shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference to this prospectus and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents. We may also incorporate part or all of any Form 6-K subsequently submitted by us to the SEC prior to the termination of an offering by identifying in such Forms 6-K that they, or certain parts of their contents, are being incorporated by reference herein, and any Forms 6-K so identified shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus and to be a part hereof from the date of submission of such documents. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
The information we incorporate by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information contained in this prospectus.
We will provide each person, including any beneficial owner to whom a prospectus is delivered, without charge, upon a written or oral request, a copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to such documents which are not specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. Please direct your written or telephone requests to NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd., 11 HaMenofim Street, Building B, Herzliya, 4672562, Israel, Attn: Or Eisenberg, telephone number +972587531153. You may also obtain information about us by visiting our website at www.neurosense-tx.com. Information contained in our website is not part of this prospectus.
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333,334 Ordinary Shares
Prospectus
The date of this prospectus is , 2025.
Part II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
Item 8. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Exculpation, Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Under the Companies Law, a company may not exculpate an office holder from liability for a breach of the duty of loyalty. An Israeli company may exculpate an office holder in advance from liability to the company, in whole or in part, for damages caused to the company as a result of a breach of duty of care but only if a provision authorizing such exculpation is included in its articles of association. Our amended and restated articles of association include such a provision. A company may not exculpate in advance a director from liability arising from a breach of his or her duty of care in connection with a prohibited dividend or distribution to shareholders.
As permitted under the Companies Law, our amended and restated articles of association provide that we may indemnify an office holder in respect of the following liabilities, payments and expenses incurred for acts performed by him or her as an office holder, either in advance of an event or following an event:
| ● | a monetary liability incurred by or imposed on the office holder in favor of another person pursuant to a court judgment, including pursuant to a settlement confirmed as judgment or arbitrator’s decision approved by a competent court. However, if an undertaking to indemnify an office holder with respect to such liability is provided in advance, then such an undertaking must be limited to events which, in the opinion of the board of directors, can be foreseen based on the company’s activities when the undertaking to indemnify is given, and to an amount or according to criteria determined by the board of directors as reasonable under the circumstances, and such undertaking shall detail the abovementioned foreseen events and amount or criteria; |
| ● | reasonable litigation expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, which were incurred by the office holder as a result of an investigation or proceeding filed against the office holder by an authority authorized to conduct such investigation or proceeding, provided that such investigation or proceeding was either (i) concluded without the filing of an indictment against such office holder and without the imposition on him of any monetary obligation in lieu of a criminal proceeding, (ii) concluded without the filing of an indictment against the office holder but with the imposition of a monetary obligation on the office holder in lieu of criminal proceedings for an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent or (iii) in connection with a monetary sanction; |
| ● | reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder or which were imposed on the office holder by a court (i) in a proceeding instituted against him or her by the company, on its behalf, or by a third party, (ii) in connection with criminal indictment of which the office holder was acquitted or (iii) in a criminal indictment for which the office holder was convicted of an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent; |
| ● | expenses he or she incurs as a result of administrative proceedings that may be instituted against him or her under Israeli securities laws, if applicable, and payments made to injured persons under specific circumstances thereunder; and |
| ● | any other matter in respect of which it is permitted or will be permitted under applicable law to indemnify an office holder in the company. |
As permitted under the Companies Law, our amended and restated articles of association provide that we may insure an office holder against the following liabilities incurred for acts performed by him or her as an office holder:
| ● | a breach of the duty of loyalty to the company, provided that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not harm the company; |
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| ● | a breach of duty of care to the company or to another person, to the extent such a breach arises out of the negligent conduct of the office holder; |
| ● | a monetary liability imposed on the office holder in favor of a third party; |
| ● | expenses he or she incurs as a result of administrative proceedings that may be instituted against him or her under the Israeli securities laws if applicable, and payments made to injured persons under specific circumstances thereunder; and |
| ● | any other matter in respect of which it is permitted or will be permitted under applicable law to insure the liability of an office holder in the company. |
Under the Companies Law, a company may not indemnify, exculpate or insure an office holder against any of the following:
| ● | a breach of the duty of loyalty, except for indemnification and insurance for a breach of the duty of loyalty to the company to the extent that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company; |
| ● | a breach of duty of care committed intentionally or recklessly, excluding a breach arising out of the negligent conduct of the office holder; |
| ● | an act or omission committed with intent to derive illegal personal benefit; or |
| ● | a fine or forfeit levied against the office holder. |
Under the Companies Law, exculpation, indemnification and insurance of office holders must be approved by the compensation committee and the board of directors and, with respect to directors or controlling shareholders, their relatives and third parties in which controlling shareholders have a personal interest, also by the shareholders.
Our amended and restated articles of association permit us to exculpate, indemnify and insure our office holders to the fullest extent permitted or to be permitted by law. Our office holders are currently covered by a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy. As of the date of this prospectus, no claims for directors’ and officers’ liability insurance have been filed under this policy and we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation or proceeding involving any of our office holders, including our directors, in which indemnification is sought.
We have entered into agreements with each of our current office holders exculpating them from a breach of their duty of care to us to the fullest extent permitted by law, subject to limited exceptions, and undertaking to indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by law, including, with respect to liabilities resulting from this offering, to the extent that these liabilities are not covered by insurance. This indemnification is limited, with respect to any monetary liability imposed in favor of a third party, to events determined as foreseeable by the board of directors based on our activities. The maximum aggregate amount of indemnification that we may pay to our office holders based on such indemnification agreement is the greater of (i) an amount equal to 25% of our shareholders’ equity on a consolidated basis, based on our most recent financial statements made publicly available before the date on which the indemnity payment is made, and (ii) $25 million. Such indemnification amounts are in addition to any insurance amounts. These indemnification agreements supersede all previous letters of indemnification that we have provided to him or her in the past, if any. However, in the opinion of the SEC, indemnification of office holders for liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and therefore unenforceable.
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Item 9. Exhibits
| * | Filed herewith |
| # | English translation of original Hebrew document. |
Item 10. Undertakings
| (1) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: |
| (a) | to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement: |
| (i) | to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 (“the Securities Act”); |
| (ii) | to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and |
| (iii) | to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in this Registration Statement. |
| (b) | that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (c) | to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
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| (d) | to file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A. of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished, provided that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (1)(d) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. |
| (e) | that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
| (f) | that, for the purpose of determining liability of a registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| (i) | any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
| (ii) | any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by an undersigned registrant; |
| (iii) | the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
| (iv) | any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
| (2) | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it complies with all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Herzliya, Israel on October 28, 2025.
| NEUROSENSE THERAPEUTICS LTD. | ||
| By: | /s/ Or Eisenberg | |
| Name: | Or Eisenberg | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, each director and officer whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints, Mr. Alon Ben-Noon and Mr. Or Eisenberg, and each of them, individually, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, to sign in any and all capacities any and all amendments or post-effective amendments to this registration statement on Form F-3, and to sign any and all additional registration statements relating to the same offering of securities of the Registration Statement that are filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting such attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do all such other acts and execute all such other documents as he may deem necessary or desirable in connection with the foregoing, as fully as the undersigned may or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that such attorney-in-fact and agent may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons on the dates and in the capacities indicated.
| Signature | Title | |||
| /s/ Mark Leuchtenberger | Chairman of the Board of Directors | October 28, 2025 | ||
| Mark Leuchtenberger | ||||
| /s/ Alon Ben-Noon | Chief Executive Officer and Director | October 28, 2025 | ||
| Alon Ben-Noon | (Principal Executive Officer and Director) | |||
| /s/ Or Eisenberg | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer | October 28, 2025 | ||
| Or Eisenberg | and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Revital Mandil-Levin | Director | October 28, 2025 | ||
| Revital Mandil-Levin | ||||
| /s/ Cary Claiborne | External Director | October 28, 2025 | ||
| Cary Claiborne | ||||
| /s/ Christine Pellizzari | External Director | October 28, 2025 | ||
| Christine Pellizzari | ||||
| /s/ Roy Golan | External Director | October 28, 2025 | ||
| Roy Golan |
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Signature of authorized representative in the United States
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant’s duly authorized representative has signed this Registration Statement on Form F-3 on this 28th day of October, 2025.
| Cogency Global Inc., | ||
| Authorized U.S. Representative | ||
| By: | /s/ Colleen A. De Vries | |
| Name: | Colleen A. De Vries | |
| Title: | Sr. Vice-President, Authorized U.S. Representative — Cogency Global | |
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Exhibit 5.1
Tel Aviv, October 28, 2025
NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd.
11 HaMenofim Street, Building B
Herzliya 4672562
Israel
Re: NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd.
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as Israeli counsel to NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd., an Israeli company organized under the laws of the State of Israel (the “Company”), in connection with the preparation and filing of a Registration Statement on Form F-3 (the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). The Registration Statement relates to the proposed resale by the selling shareholder named in the Registration Statement of up to an aggregate of 333,334 ordinary shares, no par value per share of the Company (the “Shares”). The Shares may be sold from time to time as set forth in the Registration Statement and the prospectus contained therein (the “Prospectus”).
In connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the Registration Statement, the Company’s Amended and Restated Articles of Association, and such statutes, regulations, corporate records, documents, certificates and such other instruments that we have deemed relevant and necessary for the basis of our opinion hereinafter expressed. In such examination, we have assumed: (i) the authenticity of original documents and the genuineness of all signatures; (ii) the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; (iii) the truth, accuracy and completeness of the information, representations and warranties contained in the corporate records, documents, certificates and instruments we have reviewed; (iv) the due execution and delivery of all documents where due execution and delivery are a prerequisite to the effectiveness thereof; and (v) the legal capacity of all natural persons.
We are members of the Israel Bar, and we express no opinion as to any matter relating to the laws of any jurisdiction other than the laws of the State of Israel and have not, for the purpose of giving this opinion, made any investigation of the laws of any other jurisdiction than the State of Israel. The opinion set forth herein is made as of the date hereof. We assume no obligation to revise or supplement this opinion to reflect any changes of law or fact that may occur after the date hereof. This opinion is expressly limited to the matters set forth above, and we render no opinion, whether by implication or otherwise, as to any other matters.
On the basis of the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized by the Company and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus. In giving such consent, we do not admit that we are “experts” within the meaning of such term as used in the Securities Act, or the rules and regulations of the Commission issued thereunder with respect to any part of the Registration Statement, including this opinion as an exhibit or otherwise.
| Very truly yours, | |
| /s/ Goldfarb Gross Seligman & Co. | |
| Goldfarb Gross Seligman & Co. |
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the use of our report dated April 7, 2025, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of NeuroSense Therapeutics Ltd., incorporated herein by reference and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus.
| /s/ Somekh Chaikin | |
| Member Firm of KPMG International | |
| Tel Aviv, Israel | |
| October 28, 2025 |