Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc.\new 10-Q, filed May 13, 2025
Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc.\new (PTIX)
About this 10-Q
Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc.\new filed this 10-Q on May 13, 2025, covering the quarter ended March 31, 2025.
Headline figures
Quarter ended March 31, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $0
- compared with $0 a year earlier
- Net loss
- $1.44M
- compared with a net loss of $1.72M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- -$2.75
- compared with -$5.44 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
| Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
or
| Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the transition period from _________to___________
Commission File Number:
PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number Including Area Code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Ticker symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule
405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging Growth Company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 126-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐
Yes
As of May 9, 2025 there were shares of common stock, $ par value per share, outstanding.
PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Form 10-Q Report
For the Fiscal Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| 2 |
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||
| Equipment - net | ||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses - related party | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
| TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ par value; shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding in the following classes: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock; par value $; shares authorized; issued and outstanding | ||||||||
| Series B convertible preferred stock, $ par value; shares authorized; and shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024 | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value, shares authorized, and shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024 | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ( | ) | ||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements
| 3 |
PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(unaudited)
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| For the three months ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| OPERATING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES | ||||||||
| Research and development | $ | $ | ||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES | ||||||||
| LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| OTHER INCOME | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Realized loss on marketable securities | ||||||||
| TOTAL OTHER INCOME | ||||||||
| LOSS BEFORE TAX | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| INCOME TAX EXPENSE | ||||||||
| NET LOSS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| COMPREHENSIVE LOSS | ||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Loss - net of tax | ||||||||
| Net unrealized gain on marketable securities | ||||||||
| Foreign exchange translation income (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||
| TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss per common share - Basic and Diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
| Weighted average common shares - Basic and Diluted | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements
| 4 |
PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGE IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the three months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024
(unaudited)
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | (Deficit) | Loss | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in- | Accumulated | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | (Deficit) | Loss | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE – December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain on marketable securities | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE – March 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE – December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock compensation - stock options | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued for cash | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rounding from reverse split | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE -March 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements
| 5 |
PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| For the three months ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities | ||||||||
| Depreciation expense | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||
| Realized gain on sale of marketable securities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses – related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of marketable securities | ||||||||
| Purchase of marketable securities | ( | ) | ||||||
| NET CASH PROVIDED BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Issuance of shares from offering, net of offering costs | ||||||||
| NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | ( | ) | ||||||
| NET CHANGE IN CASH | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH, BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD | ||||||||
| CASH, END OF THE PERIOD | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest expense | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| NONCASH FINANCING AND INVESTING TRANSACTIONS | ||||||||
| Unrealized gain on marketable securities | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements
| 6 |
PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC. & SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2025
(unaudited)
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS
Company Background
Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc. (“we,” “our,” “Protagenic” or “the Company”), formerly known as Atrinsic, Inc., is a Delaware corporation with one subsidiary named Protagenic Therapeutics Canada (2006) Inc. (“PTI Canada”), a corporation formed in 2006 under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada.
We are a biopharmaceutical company specializing in the discovery and development of therapeutics to treat stress-related neuropsychiatric and mood disorders.
Reverse Stock Split
On
May 5, 2025, the
NOTE 2 – LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN
As shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred significant recurring losses resulting in an accumulated deficit. The Company anticipates further losses in the development of its business. The Company also had negative cash flows used in operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Based on its cash resources and negative working capital as of March 31, 2025, the Company does not have sufficient resources to fund its operations past twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued. Absent generation of sufficient revenue from the execution of the Company’s business plan, the Company will need to obtain debt or equity financing by the third quarter of 2025. Because the Company has insufficient resources on hand to fund operations through the next twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued, the Company believes that there is substantial doubt in its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
| 7 |
NOTE 3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Although management believes that the disclosures in these unaudited consolidated financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, which contain the audited financial statements and notes thereto, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 included within the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025. The interim results for the period ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any future interim periods.
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc., and its wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, PTI Canada. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates underlying the consolidated financial statements include valuation of stock options and warrants and assessment of deferred tax asset valuation allowance.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company maintains its cash accounts at financial institutions which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. At times, the Company may have deposits in excess of federally insured limits. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has bank balances that exceed the federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes, based upon the quality of the financial institutions, that the credit risk with regard to these deposits is not significant.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly
liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2025 and December
31, 2024 the Company did not have any cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had cash of $
| 8 |
Equipment
Equipment is stated at cost less
accumulated depreciation. Cost includes expenditures for computer equipment and lab equipment. Maintenance and repairs are charged to
expense as incurred. When assets are sold, retired, or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the
accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. The cost of equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method
over the estimated useful lives of the related assets which is three years. Depreciation expense was $
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure,” defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, not adjusted for transaction costs. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).
The three levels are described below:
Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that is accessible by the Company;
Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly;
Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability including significant assumptions of the Company and other market participants.
The carrying amount of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments.
Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free-market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation costs under the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation”, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense related to the fair value of stock-based compensation awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Stock based compensation expense recognized includes the compensation cost for all stock-based payments granted to employees, officers, non-employees, and directors based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. ASC 718 is also applied to awards modified, repurchased, or cancelled during the periods reported.
If any award granted under the Company’s 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2016 Plan”) payable in shares of common stock is forfeited, cancelled, or returned for failure to satisfy vesting requirements, otherwise terminates without payment being made, or if shares of common stock are withheld to cover withholding taxes on options or other awards, the number of shares of common stock as to which such option or award was forfeited, or which were withheld, will be available for future grants under the 2016 Plan. The Company recognizes the impact of forfeitures when they occur.
| 9 |
Basic (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each period. Diluted (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the dilutive effect of shares issuable through the common stock equivalents. The effect of dilution on net loss becomes anti-dilutive and therefore is not reflected on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
| Potentially Outstanding Dilutive Common Shares | ||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Conversion Feature Shares | ||||||||
| Stock Options | ||||||||
| Warrants | ||||||||
| Total potentially outstanding dilutive common shares | ||||||||
Research and Development
Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company follows ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters (“ASC 830”) for foreign currency translation to translate the financial statements of the foreign subsidiary from the functional currency, generally the local currency, into U.S. Dollars. ASC 830-10-45 sets out the guidance relating to how a reporting entity determines the functional currency of a foreign entity (including of a foreign entity in a highly inflationary economy), re-measures the books of record (if necessary), and characterizes transaction gains and losses. Pursuant to ASC 830-10-45, the assets, liabilities, and operations of a foreign entity shall be measured using the functional currency of that entity. An entity’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates; normally, that is the currency of the environment, or local currency, in which an entity primarily generates and expends cash.
The functional currency of each foreign subsidiary is determined based on management’s judgment and involves consideration of all relevant economic facts and circumstances affecting the subsidiary. Generally, the currency in which the subsidiary transacts a majority of its transactions, including billings, financing, payroll and other expenditures, would be considered the functional currency, but any dependency upon the parent and the nature of the subsidiary’s operations must also be considered. If a subsidiary’s functional currency is deemed to be the local currency, then any gain or loss associated with the translation of that subsidiary’s financial statements is included in accumulated other comprehensive income. However, if the functional currency is deemed to be the U.S. Dollar, then any gain or loss associated with the re-measurement of these financial statements from the local currency to the functional currency would be included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company disposes of foreign subsidiaries, then any cumulative translation gains or losses would be recorded into the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company determines that there has been a change in the functional currency of a subsidiary to the U.S. Dollar, any translation gains or losses arising after the date of change would be included within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Based on an assessment of the factors discussed above, the management of the Company determined its subsidiary’s local currency (i.e. the Canadian dollar) to be the functional currency for its foreign subsidiary.
| 10 |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” to improve disclosures about the nature of expenses in commonly presented financial statement captions. ASU 2024-03 is effective for all public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, on either a prospective or retrospective basis. Early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
NOTE 4 - ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses, including related party balances, consist of the following at:
SCHEDULE OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Accounting | $ | $ | ||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||
| Legal | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
NOTE 5 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock for cash.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued shares of common stock.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company adopted an Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Plan on June 17, 2016 (the “2016 Plan”). Pursuant to the 2016 Plan, the Company’s Compensation Committee may grant awards to any employee, officer, director, consultant, advisor or other individual service provider of the Company or any subsidiary. Due to an annual “evergreen” provision in the 2016 Plan, the number of shares reserved for future grants was increased by , and in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As a result of these increases, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the aggregate number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2016 Plan was shares and shares, respectively. Options issued under the 2016 Plan are exercisable for up to ten years from the date of issuance.
There were options outstanding as of March 31, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company issued and options, respectively.
There were options outstanding as of December 31, 2024.
SCHEDULE OF SHARE-BASED PAYMENT AWARD, STOCK OPTIONS, VALUATION ASSUMPTIONS
| Exercise price | $ | -$ | ||
| Expected dividend yield | % | |||
| Risk free interest rate | %- | % | ||
| Expected life in years | ||||
| Expected volatility | - | % |
| 11 |
SCHEDULE OF SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION, STOCK OPTIONS, ACTIVITY
| Number | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Life | ||||||||||
| Stock Options | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | - | |||||||||
| Exercised | - | |||||||||||
| Outstanding March 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
SCHEDULE OF SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION NONVESTED SHARES
| Nonvested Options | Options | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | ||||||
| Nonvested at December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||
| Granted | ||||||||
| Vested | ( | ) | ||||||
| Forfeited | ||||||||
| Nonvested at March 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||
As of March 31, 2025, the Company had shares issuable under options outstanding at a weighted average exercise price of $ and an intrinsic value of $.
The Company recognized compensation expense related to options issued of $ and $ for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, in which $ and $ is included in general and administrative expenses and $ and $ in research and development expenses, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, $ and $ of the stock compensation was related to employees and $ and $ was related to non-employees, respectively.
As of March 31, 2025, the unamortized stock option expense was $ with $ being related to employees and $ being related to non-employees. As of March 31, 2025, the weighted average remaining vesting period for the unamortized stock compensation to be recognized is years.
On February 21, 2025, the Company held its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) on February 21, 2025. At the Company’s Annual Meeting, the Company’s stockholders approved the proposal to approve the repricing of certain outstanding stock options granted (the “Option Grants”) under the Company’s 2006 and 2016 Equity Incentive Plans (the “Plans”) to allow the Board of Directors (the “Board”) to reprice the exercise price of outstanding stock options under the Plans. Pursuant to that authority, on February 21, 2025, the Board repriced the Option Grants. The repriced Option Grants under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan had original exercise prices ranging from $ to $ per share, and the repriced Option Grants under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan had original exercise prices ranging from $ to $ per share. All of the Option Grants under the Plans were repriced to have an exercise price of $ per share, which was the closing price of the Company’s common stock on February 21, 2025.
| 12 |
Warrants:
A summary of warrant issuances are as follows:
SUMMARY OF WARRANT
| Number | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Life | ||||||||||
| Warrants | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||
| Expired | - | |||||||||||
| Exercised | - | |||||||||||
| Outstanding March 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
As of March 31, 2025, the Company had shares issuable under warrants outstanding at a weighted average exercise price of $ and an intrinsic value of $.
The Company recognized compensation
expense related to warrants issued of $
NOTE 6 - COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS
The Company and the University of Toronto (the “University”) entered into an agreement effective April 1, 2014 (the “New Research Agreement”) for the performance of a research project titled “Teneurin C-terminal Associated Peptide (“TCAP”) mediated stress attenuation in vertebrates: Establishing the role of organismal and intracellular energy and glucose regulation and metabolism” (the “New Project”). The New Project is to perform research related to work done by Dr. David A. Lovejoy, a professor at the University and stockholder of the Company, in regard to TCAP mediated stress attenuation in vertebrates: Establishing the role of organismal and intracellular energy and glucose regulation and metabolism. In addition to the New Research Agreement, Dr. Lovejoy entered into an agreement with the University in order to commercialize certain technologies. The New Research Agreement expired on March 30, 2016. In February 2017, the New Research Agreement was extended to December 31, 2017. The extension allowed for further development of the technologies and use of their applications. On April 10, 2018, the agreement was amended and the research agreement has been further extended to September 30, 2024. On December 20, 2024, the agreement was amended and the research agreement has been further extended to the entire lifetime of the last issued patent covered by the license.
The sponsorship research and development
expenses pertaining to the Research Agreements were $
NOTE 7 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Licensing Agreements
On July 31, 2005, the Company had entered into a Technology License Agreement (“License Agreement”) with the University pursuant to which the University agreed to license to the Company patent rights and other intellectual property, among other things (the “Technologies”). The Technology License Agreement was amended on February 18, 2015 and currently does not provide for an expiration date.
Pursuant to the License Agreement
and its amendment, the Company obtained an exclusive worldwide license to make, have made, use, sell and import products based upon the
Technologies, or to sublicense the Technologies in accordance with the terms of the License Agreement and amendment. In consideration,
the Company agreed to pay to the University a royalty payment of
| 13 |
In the event the Company fails
to provide the University with semi-annual reports on the progress or fails to continue to make reasonable commercial efforts towards
obtaining regulatory approval for products based on the Technologies, the University may convert our exclusive license into a non-exclusive
arrangement. Interest on any amounts owed under the License Agreement and amendment will be at
The patent applications were made in the name of Dr. Lovejoy and other inventors, but the Company’s exclusive, worldwide rights to such patent applications are included in the License Agreement and its amendment with the University. The Company maintains exclusive licensing agreements and it currently controls the five intellectual patent properties.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time we may be named in claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Currently, no legal proceedings, government actions, administrative actions, investigations or claims are pending against us or involve us that, in the opinion of our management, could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
Notice of Delisting
On July 24, 2024, the Company
received a deficiency letter (the “Notification Letter”) from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications (“Nasdaq”) stating
that it is not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing
on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $
On January 22, 2025, Nasdaq provided a notice to the Company that the Company had not regained compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2) and is not eligible for a second 180 calendar day compliance period as the Company does not comply with the requirements for initial listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. This notification is part of the ongoing discussions with the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) regarding the Company’s listing status, and the Company included this matter in its presentation to the Panel on January 30, 2025.
On February 19, 2025, the Company received a hearing panel decision from Nasdaq (Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Hearings Docket No. NQ 7072C-25) indicating that its provisional plan for regaining compliance with the Nasdaq listing requirements had been accepted. For continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Company has until April 28, 2025 to: (1) demonstrate compliance with Nasdaq Rules 5550(a)(2) and 5550(b)(2), (2) file a public disclosure describing any transactions undertaken by the Company to increase its equity and provide and indication of its equity following those transactions, and (3) provide the Panel with an update on its fundraising plans and updated income projections for the next 12 months.
On April 18, 2025, the Company held a Special Meeting of Shareholders in which the Shareholders voted to authorize a reverse split of a magnitude between 1-for-10 and 1-for-20, for the purpose of increasing the chances of the Company regaining compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule. 5550(a)(2). The Board determined that the best ratio to use was 1-for-14, because it would be the highest ratio that maintained at least shares remaining in the Company’s public float, while maximizing the Company’s likely price per share.
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On April 25, 2025, the Company provided an update to Nasdaq on its plans for both minimum bid compliance and capital raising, along with a request for an extension on the April 28, 2025 deadline. The update included that the 1-for-14 reverse split would be effective May 5, 2025, and the company had engaged a syndicate of two underwriters to market and implement an equity financing for the purpose of raising enough capital to comply with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A). On May 1, 2025, Nasdaq provided a response to the Company’s representative that the Panel has approved the Company’s extension request. As a result, the Company believes that it should be able to achieve a minimum bid price for 10 days above $1 by May 16, 2025, and the shareholder equity compliance by May 19, 2025.
NOTE 8 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company is provided free office space consisting of a conference room by the Company Executive Chairman, Dr. Armen. The Company does not pay any rent for the use of this space. This space is used for quarterly board meetings and our annual shareholder meeting.
During the year ended December
31, 2021, the Company engaged Agenus Inc., a related party, to perform research and development services. Agenus Inc. is a related party
due to the Company’s Director and Chairman of the Board being the CEO and Chairman of the Board for Agenus Inc. The Company incurred
$
NOTE 9 – SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company operates in
The accounting policies for our single operating segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Our single operating segment incurs expenses from the development of therapeutics. The Company has not yet generated revenue in its operating history.
For the segment, the chief operating decision makers use net loss, that also is reported on the consolidated statements of operations as consolidated net loss, to allocate resources. The chief operating decision maker also uses consolidated net loss, along with non-financial inputs and qualitative information, to evaluate our performance, establish compensation, monitor budget versus actual results, and decide the allocation of funds in our various research activities.
NOTE 10 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On April 3, 2025, the Company sold shares of the Company’s common stock for $
On
May 5, 2025, the
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation
Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “identify” or other similar words or the negatives thereof. These may include our financial estimates and their underlying assumptions, statements about plans, objectives, intentions and expectations. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in such statements. We believe these factors include but are not limited to those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our prospectus and our Annual Report on form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and any such updated factors included in our periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this document (or our prospectus and other filings). Except as otherwise required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other written and oral statements we make from time to time contain certain “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). You can identify these forward-looking statements by the fact they use words such as “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “target,” “may,” “project,” “guidance,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “will,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “future” and other words and terms of similar meaning and expression in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance. You can also identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and involve inherent risks and uncertainties, including factors that could delay, divert or change any of them, and could cause actual outcomes to differ materially from current expectations. These statements relate to, among other things, our business strategy, our research and development, our product development efforts, our ability to commercialize our product candidates, the activities of our licensees, our prospects for initiating partnerships or collaborations, the timing of the introduction of products, the effect of new accounting pronouncements, uncertainty regarding our future operating results and our profitability, anticipated sources of funds as well as our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions.
We have included more detailed descriptions of these risks and uncertainties and other risks and uncertainties applicable to our business that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements in Part II-Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We encourage you to read those descriptions carefully. Although we believe we have been prudent in our plans and assumptions, no assurance can be given that any goal or plan set forth in forward-looking statements can be achieved. We caution investors not to place significant reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this document; such statements need to be evaluated in light of all the information contained in this document. Furthermore, the statements speak only as of the date of this document, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements.
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate such estimates and judgments, including those described in greater detail below. We base these estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
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We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and minimal positive net cash flows from operations or negative net cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future, and those expenses and losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year. We anticipate that our expenses will fluctuate substantially as we:
| ● | continue our ongoing preclinical studies, clinical trials and our product development activities for our pipeline of product candidates; | |
| ● | seek regulatory approvals for any product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials; | |
| ● | continue research and preclinical development and initiate clinical trials of our other product candidates; | |
| ● | seek to discover and develop additional product candidates either internally or in partnership with other pharmaceutical companies; | |
| ● | adapt our regulatory compliance efforts to incorporate requirements applicable to marketed products; | |
| ● | maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; and | |
| ● | incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company. |
Overview
Our proprietary, patent-protected, first-in-class lead compound, PT00114, is a synthetic form of Teneurin Carboxy-terminal Associated Peptide (“TCAP”), an endogenous brain signaling peptide that can dampen overactive stress responses. Our preclinical models have demonstrated efficacy of PT00114 in animal models of depression, anxiety, substance abuse & addiction, and PTSD.
PT00114 leverages a completely novel mechanism of action. Protagenic owns exclusive, worldwide rights to PT00114 through its license agreement with the University of Toronto and has an exclusive right to license additional intellectual property generated by Dr. David Lovejoy’s lab at University of Toronto. Additionally, the company is engaged in the research & development of follow-on compounds in the TCAP family. Extensive publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals underline the central role stress plays in the onset and proliferation of neuropsychiatric disorders like depression, anxiety, substance abuse & addiction, and PTSD. The mechanism of action of TCAP suggests that it counterbalances stress overdrive at the cellular level within the brain’s stress response cascade. TCAP works to alleviate the harmful behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects of these disorders, while simultaneously restoring brain health. This mechanism has been corroborated in preclinical animal models of the psychiatric disorders listed above. Preclinical experiments required for IND filing have been completed. The Company is in the process of answering regulatory questions in the US and Germany.
On September 26, 2023, we announced the commencement of the Phase I/IIa clinical trial for PT00114. The trial aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PT00114 in treating an array of neuro-psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Phase I will recruit 56 subjects, randomized to undergo subcutaneous injections of either PT00114 or a placebo. The Phase I/IIa study will assess both healthy volunteers and patients diagnosed with Treatment-Resistant Depression, PTSD, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Besides monitoring disease status, the trial will gauge disease response by measuring biomarkers, such as circulating cortisol levels before and after treatment.
Results of Operations
We are a development stage company currently performing clinical trials to obtain Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval and commercialization of our product.
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During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we incurred a loss from operations of $1,448,108 as compared to $1,738,359 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in the loss is from a decrease in research and development expense of $580,374 from $880,372 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 to $1,460,746 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 offset by an increase in general and administrative expenses of $290,123 from $567,736 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 to $277,613 for the three months ended March 31 2024.
The increase in general and administrative expenses is due to an increase in stock compensation due to option vesting and an increase in legal expenses. The decrease in R&D expense is due to lower expenses related to our clinical trials and related expenses due to changes in the Company’s stage of research and development and change to the Company’s outsourced research partners. This decrease has been the primary driver of our decreased loss from operations for the three ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period for 2024.
Liquidity and Going Concern
We continually project anticipated cash requirements, predominantly from the ongoing funding requirements of our neuropeptide drug development program. The majority of these costs relate to paying external vendors such as Contract Research Organizations, peptide synthesizer companies, and new drug development. As of March 31, 2025, we had cash of $872,960 and working capital deficit of $148,803. We anticipate further losses from the development of our business. Based on its cash resources as of March 31, 2025, the Company does not have sufficient resources to fund its operations past twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued. Absent generation of sufficient revenue from the execution of the Company’s business plan, the Company will need to obtain debt or equity financing by the third quarter of 2025. Because of these factors, the Company believes that there is substantial doubt in the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
Operating activities used $1,068,017 and $1,659,185 in cash for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The use of cash in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily comprised of $1,440,005 net loss, $12,572 in depreciation expense, $236,014 in stock compensation expense, a decrease in prepaid expenses of $10,818, and a $134,220 increase of accounts payable and accrued expenses for both related parties and non-related parties, which included payments to legal and accounting professionals, payments to consultants, and other administrative expenses.
Investing activities provided $0 and $1,202,880 by cash during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Financing activities provided $102,519 and $0 by cash during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The cash provided by financing activities was from the sale of common stock.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act), as of September 30, 2024. Based on this evaluation, we have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Due to material weaknesses, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are not effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act, including this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that our disclosure and controls are not designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
The material weaknesses we identified are described below:
| 1) | We do not have sufficient segregation of duties within accounting functions, which is a basic internal control. Due to our size and nature, segregation of all conflicting duties may not always be possible and may not be economically feasible. However, to the extent possible, the initiation of transactions, the custody of assets and the recording of transactions should be performed by separate individuals. Management evaluated the impact of our failure to have segregation of duties on our assessment of our disclosure controls and procedures and has concluded that the control deficiency that resulted represented a material weakness. | |
| 2) | Limited level of multiple reviews among those tasked with preparing the financial statements. |
These material weaknesses could result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
Remediation Plan
To address the material weakness described above the Company has engaged an independent third party to enhance our segregation of duties.
Since we remain a small Company, with limited segregation of duties, the third party has identified certain areas where we can layer in added controls and procedures. Management intends to implement such controls and procedures in the future.
A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. The design of any system of controls is also based in part on certain assumptions regarding the likelihood of certain events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Given these and other inherent limitations of control systems, these are only reasonable assurances that our controls will succeed in achieving their stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than as discussed above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter covered by this Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Part II: Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time we may be named in claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Currently, no legal proceedings, government actions, administrative actions, investigations or claims are pending against us or involve us that, in the opinion of our management, could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business is subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risk factors in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 20254, together with the information contained elsewhere in this report, including Part I, Item 1 “Financial Statements” and Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in our other SEC filings in evaluating our business. These risks and uncertainties could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects for growth, and the value of an investment in our securities.
There were no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025.
Item 2. Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a complete list of exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-Q. Exhibit numbers correspond to the numbers in the Exhibit Table of Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
| Exhibit | Description | |
| 31.1 | Chief Executive Officer Certification as required under section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (€) | |
| 31.2 | Chief Financial Officer Certification as required under section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (€) | |
| 32.1 | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350 as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act * | |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document (€) | |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (€) | |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (€) | |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (€) | |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (€) | |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (€) | |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
(€) - Filed herewith.
(*) -Furnished, not filed, in accordance with item 601(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K.
| 20 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| May 13, 2025 | Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc. | |
| By: | /s/ Alexander K. Arrow | |
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| 21 |
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
I, Garo H. Armen, PhD, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc.; | |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; | |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; | |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| May 13, 2025 | /s/ Garo H. Armen | |
| Name: | Garo H. Armen, Ph.D. | |
| Title: | Executive Chairman |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
I, Alexander K. Arrow, MD, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc.; | |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; | |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; | |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| May 13, 2025 | /s/ Alexander K. Arrow | |
| Name: | Alexander K. Arrow, MD | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, Garo H. Armen, Executive Chairman, and Alexander K. Arrow, Chief Financial Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that:
| (1) | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and |
| (2) | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
A signed original of this certification has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
| May 13, 2025 | By: |
/s/ Garo H. Armen |
| Garo H. Armen, PhD | ||
| Executive Chairman | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
| May 13, 2025 | By: |
/s/ Alexander K. Arrow |
| Alexander K. Arrow, MD, CFA | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Financial Officer) |