VRDN 8-K
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.\DE (VRDN)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
CURRENT REPORT
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| Item 1.01 | Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement |
On May 11, 2026, Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) completed its public offering (the “Convertible Notes Offering”) of $250,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 (the “Notes”), including the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase up to an additional $25.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes, solely to cover over-allotments. The Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, an indenture (the “Base Indenture”), dated as of May 11, 2026, between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by a first supplemental indenture (the “Supplemental Indenture,” and the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Supplemental Indenture, the “Indenture”), dated as of May 11, 2026, between the Company and the Trustee.
The Notes are general, unsecured, senior obligations of the Company. The Notes will accrue interest payable semiannually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2026, at a rate equal to 1.75% per year. In addition, special interest will accrue on the Notes upon the occurrence of certain events relating to the Company’s failure to file certain reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as provided in the Indenture and as described below. The Notes will mature on May 15, 2032 (the “Maturity Date”), unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased by the Company.
Noteholders may convert their Notes at their option only in the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2026, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (such 10 consecutive trading day period, the “Measurement Period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Common Stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Common Stock, as described in the Indenture; (4) if the Company calls such Notes for redemption; and (5) at any time from, and including, February 15, 2032 until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately before the Maturity Date. The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, at the Company’s election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 40.5680 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $24.65 per share, and is subject to adjustment as described in the Indenture. If certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) occur, then the Company will in certain circumstances increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.
The Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part (subject to certain limitations described below), at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on a redemption date on or after May 20, 2030 and on or before the 26th scheduled trading day immediately before the Maturity Date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. However, the Company may not redeem less than all of the outstanding Notes unless at least $75,000,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes are outstanding and not called for redemption as of the time the Company sends the related redemption notice. In addition, calling any Note for redemption will constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.
If a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) occurs, then, subject to certain conditions and except as set forth in the Indenture, noteholders may require the Company to repurchase their Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The definition in the Indenture of a Fundamental Change includes certain business combination transactions involving the Company and certain de-listing events with respect to the Common Stock.
The Notes will have customary provisions relating to the occurrence of “Events of Default” (as defined in the Indenture), which include the following: (i) certain payment defaults on the Notes (which, in the case of a default in the payment of interest on the Notes, will be subject to a 30-day cure period); (ii) the Company’s failure to send certain notices under the Indenture within specified periods of time; (iii) the Company’s failure to convert a Note in accordance with the Indenture within a specified period of time; (iv) the Company’s failure to comply with certain covenants in the Indenture relating to the Company’s ability to consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell, lease or otherwise transfer, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to another person; (v) a default by the Company in its other obligations or agreements under the Indenture or the Notes if such default is not cured or waived within 60 days after notice is given in accordance with the Indenture; (vi) certain defaults by the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries with respect to indebtedness for borrowed money of at least $30,000,000; (vii) certain final judgments being rendered against the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries for the payment of at least $30,000,000, where such judgments are not discharged or stayed within 60 days after the date on which the right to appeal has expired or on which all rights to appeal have been extinguished; and (viii) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency and reorganization involving the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries.
If an Event of Default involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events with respect to the Company (and not solely with respect to a significant subsidiary of the Company) occurs, then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, all of the Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. If any other Event of Default occurs and is continuing, then, the Trustee, by notice to the Company, or noteholders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of Notes then outstanding, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, all of the Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may elect, at its option, that the sole remedy for an Event of Default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants in the Indenture consists exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the Notes for up to 365 days, at a rate per annum equal to 0.25% of the principal amount of the Notes for the first 180 days on which special interest accrues and, thereafter, at a rate per annum equal to 0.50% of the principal amount thereof.
The above descriptions of the Indenture and the Notes are summaries and are not complete. Copies of the Base Indenture, the Supplemental Indenture and the form of the certificate representing the Notes are filed as Exhibits 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3, respectively, to this Current Report on Form 8-K, and the above summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the terms of the Base Indenture, the Supplemental Indenture and the Notes set forth in such exhibits.
To the extent that any shares of Common Stock are issued upon conversion of the Notes, they will be issued in transactions anticipated to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) by virtue of Section 3(a)(9) thereof because no commission or other remuneration is expected to be paid in connection with conversion of the Notes and any resulting issuance of shares of Common Stock. Initially, a maximum of 14,705,875 shares of Common Stock may be issued upon conversion of the Notes based on the initial maximum conversion rate of 58.8235 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustment provisions.
A copy of the opinion of Ropes & Gray LLP, relating to the validity of the Notes and the Common Stock underlying the Notes in connection with the Convertible Notes Offering, is filed as Exhibit 5.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
| Item 2.03 | Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement. |
The disclosure set forth in Item 1.01 above is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.03.
| Item 8.01 | Other Events |
Equity Offering
On May 6, 2026, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Equity Underwriting Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC, Leerink Partners LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (collectively, the “Equity Underwriters”), to issue and sell 7,352,942 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at a public offering price of $17.00 per share (the “Equity Offering”).
In addition, the Company granted the Equity Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,102,941 shares of Common Stock, on the same terms and conditions. The net proceeds from the Equity Offering were approximately $117.0 million, after deducting customary underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses.
The shares of Common Stock were offered pursuant to an automatic shelf registration statement (File No. 333-290056) filed with the SEC on September 5, 2025. A final prospectus supplement dated May 6, 2026 relating to and describing the terms of the Equity Offering was filed with the SEC on May 8, 2026. The Equity Offering closed on May 11, 2026.
The Equity Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and agreements by the Company and customary conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company and the Equity Underwriters, including for liabilities under the Securities Act, and termination provisions.
A copy of the Equity Underwriting Agreement is filed as Exhibit 1.1 and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the Equity Underwriting Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit. A copy of the opinion of Ropes & Gray LLP, relating to the validity of the shares of Common Stock in connection with the Equity Offering, is filed as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
Convertible Notes Offering
On May 6, 2026, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Convertible Notes Underwriting Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC, Leerink Partners LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (the “Convertible Notes Underwriters”), to issue and sell $225.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes in the Convertible Notes Offering.
In addition, the Company granted the Convertible Notes Underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days, to purchase up to an additional $25.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes, solely to cover over-allotments in the Convertible Notes Offering, on the same terms and conditions. The net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering were approximately $242.0 million, which includes the proceeds from the exercise in full of the Convertible Notes Underwriters’ option to purchase additional Notes, after deducting customary underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses.
The Notes were offered pursuant to an automatic shelf registration statement (File No. 333-290056) filed with the SEC on September 5, 2025. A final prospectus supplement dated May 6, 2026 relating to and describing the terms of the Convertible Notes Offering was filed with the SEC on May 8, 2026. The Convertible Notes Offering closed on May 11, 2026.
The Convertible Notes Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and agreements by the Company and customary conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company and the Convertible Notes Underwriters, including for liabilities under the Securities Act, and termination provisions.
A copy of the Convertible Notes Underwriting Agreement is filed as Exhibit 1.2 and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the Convertible Notes Underwriting Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit. A copy of the opinion of Ropes & Gray LLP, relating to the validity of the Notes in connection with the Convertible Notes Offering, is filed as Exhibit 5.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering and the Equity Offering to repay all outstanding indebtedness under the Loan and Security Agreement, dated April 1, 2022, with Hercules Capital, Inc., to fund market expansion studies for its thyroid eye disease franchise, and to advance the research and development of its earlier pipeline, as well as for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Current Report on Form 8-K contains forward-looking statements. These statements may be identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or “would” or other similar terms or expressions that concern the Company’s expectations, plans and intentions. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding the Company’s anticipated use of the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering and the Equity Offering; and the Company’s plans regarding funding market expansion studies for its thyroid eye disease franchise and its research and development activities. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based on the Company’s current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties. No representations or warranties (expressed or implied) are made about the accuracy of any such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of material risks and uncertainties including but not limited to: matters that could affect the Company’s financial position, its future operating results and financial performance; and other risks and uncertainties identified in the Company’s filings with the SEC, including those risks set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, filed with the SEC on May 5, 2026, and other subsequent disclosure documents filed with the SEC. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it was made. Neither the Company nor any of its affiliates, advisors or representatives undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the Company’s views as of any date subsequent to the date hereof.
| Item 9.01 | Financial Statements and Exhibits |
(d) Exhibits
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| Date: May 11, 2026 | Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. | |||||
| By: | /s/ Stephen Mahoney | |||||
| Stephen Mahoney | ||||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||
Exhibit 1.1
7,352,942 Shares of Common Stock
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
May 6, 2026
JEFFERIES LLC
LEERINK PARTNERS LLC
GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC
As Representatives of the several Underwriters
c/o JEFFERIES LLC
520 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022
c/o LEERINK PARTNERS LLC
53 State Street, 40th Floor
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
c/o GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC
200 West Street
New York, New York 10282
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Introductory. Viridian Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule A (the “Underwriters”) an aggregate of 7,352,942 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”). The 7,352,942 shares of Common Stock to be sold by the Company are called the “Firm Shares.” In addition, the Company has granted to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional 1,102,941 shares of Common Stock as provided in Section 2. The additional 1,102,941 shares of Common Stock to be sold by the Company pursuant to such option are collectively called the “Optional Shares.” The Firm Shares and, if and to the extent such option is exercised, the Optional Shares are collectively called the “Offered Shares.” Jefferies LLC, Leerink Partners LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC have agreed to act as representatives of the several Underwriters (in such capacity, the “Representatives”) in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Shares. To the extent there are no additional underwriters listed on Schedule A, the term “Representatives” as used herein shall mean you, as Underwriters, and the term “Underwriters” shall mean either the singular or the plural, as the context requires.
The Company is, substantially concurrently with the offering of the Offered Shares, publicly offering up to $250,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 1.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 (the “Convertible Notes”) pursuant to a separate underwriting agreement (the “Convertible Notes Underwriting Agreement”) and separate prospectus supplement, subject to customary closing conditions (such offering, the “Convertible Notes Offering”). The offering of the Offered Shares is not contingent upon the completion of the Convertible Notes Offering, the Convertible Notes Offering is not contingent upon the completion of the offering of the Offered Shares, and no shares of Common Stock of the Company are being offered together with the Convertible Notes.
The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, File No. 333-290056, including a base prospectus (the “Base Prospectus”) to be used in connection with the public offering and sale of the Offered Shares. Such registration statement, as amended, including the financial statements, exhibits and schedules thereto, in the form in which it became effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “Securities Act”), including all documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein and any information deemed to be a part thereof at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A or 430B under the Securities Act, is called the “Registration Statement.” Any registration statement filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares is called the “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement,” and from and after the date and time of filing of any such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement the term “Registration Statement” shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. The preliminary prospectus supplement dated May 5, 2026 describing the Offered Shares and the offering thereof (the “Preliminary Prospectus Supplement”), together with the Base Prospectus, is called the “Preliminary Prospectus,” and the Preliminary Prospectus and any other prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus in preliminary form that describes the Offered Shares and the offering thereof and is used prior to the filing of the Prospectus (as defined below), together with the Base Prospectus, is called a “preliminary prospectus.” As used herein, the term “Prospectus” shall mean the final prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus that describes the Offered Shares and the offering thereof (the “Final Prospectus Supplement”), together with the Base Prospectus, in the form first used by the Underwriters to confirm sales of the Offered Shares or in the form first made available to the Underwriters by the Company to meet requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act. References herein to the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus shall refer to both the prospectus supplement and the Base Prospectus components of such prospectus. As used herein, “Applicable Time” is 5:40 p.m. (New York City time) on May 6, 2026. As used herein, “free writing prospectus” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, and “Time of Sale Prospectus” means the Preliminary Prospectus, as amended or supplemented immediately prior to the Applicable Time, together with the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule B hereto and the pricing term sheet set forth in Schedule C hereto. As used herein, “Road Show” means a “road show” (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act) relating to the offering of the Offered Shares contemplated hereby that is a “written communication” (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act). “Marketing Materials” means any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Offered Shares, including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically).
All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus shall include the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which are “contained,” “included” or “stated” in, or “part of” the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, and all other references of like import, shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be. All references in this Agreement to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to mean and include the filing of any document under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “Exchange Act”) that is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus,
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any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, or the Prospectus, as the case may be. All references in this Agreement to (i) the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus, any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, or any free writing prospectus, shall include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (“EDGAR”) and (ii) the Prospectus shall be deemed to include any “electronic Prospectus” (as defined below) provided for use in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares as contemplated by Section 3(o) of this Agreement.
The Company hereby confirms its agreements with the Underwriters as follows:
Section 1. Representations and Warranties.
The Company hereby represents, warrants and covenants to each Underwriter, as of the date of this Agreement, as of the First Closing Date (as hereinafter defined) and as of each Option Closing Date (as hereinafter defined), if any, as follows:
(a) Compliance with Registration Requirements. The Registration Statement has become effective under the Securities Act. The Company has complied, to the Commission’s satisfaction, with all requests of the Commission for additional or supplemental information, if any. The Registration Statement is an “automatic shelf registration statement” as defined under Rule 405 of the Securities Act that has been filed with the Commission not earlier than three years prior to the date hereof. No order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of any preliminary prospectus is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission. At the time the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “Annual Report”) was filed with the Commission, or, if later, at the time the Registration Statement was originally filed with the Commission, the Company met the then-applicable requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act specified in FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(B)(7)(C)(i). The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, at the time they were or hereafter are filed with the Commission, or became effective under the Exchange Act, as the case may be, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act.
(b) Disclosure. Each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus when filed complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and, if filed by electronic transmission pursuant to EDGAR, was identical (except as may be permitted by Regulation S-T under the Securities Act) to the copy thereof delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became or becomes effective, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. As of the Applicable Time, the Time of Sale Prospectus did not, and at the First Closing Date (as defined in Section 2) and at each applicable Option Closing Date (as defined in Section 2), will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Prospectus, as of its date, did not, and at the First Closing Date and at each applicable Option Closing Date, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in the three immediately preceding sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus or the Time of Sale Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with written
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information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Representatives expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information consists of the information described in Section 9(b) below. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement which have not been described or filed as required.
(c) Free Writing Prospectuses; Road Show. As of the determination date referenced in Rule 164(h) under the Securities Act, the Company was not, is not and will not be (as applicable) an “ineligible issuer” in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the Securities Act. Each free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or on behalf of or used or referred to by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of Rule 433 under the Securities Act, including timely filing with the Commission, retention where required and legending, and each such free writing prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Offered Shares did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any preliminary prospectus unless such information has been superseded or modified as of such time. Except for the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule B, and electronic road shows, if any, furnished to you before first use, the Company has not prepared, used or referred to, and will not, without your prior written consent, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus. Each Road Show, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, did not, as of the Applicable Time, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(d) Distribution of Offering Material By the Company. Prior to the later of (i) the expiration or termination of the option granted to the several Underwriters in Section 2 and (ii) the completion of the Underwriters’ distribution of the Offered Shares, the Company has not distributed and will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Shares other than the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or any free writing prospectus reviewed and consented to by the Representatives, and the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified on Schedule B hereto.
(e) The Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
(f) Descriptions of the Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(g) Authorization of the Common Stock. The shares of Common Stock to be sold pursuant to this Agreement have been duly authorized by the Company for issuance and sale pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the Company against payment therefor pursuant to this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and the issuance and sale of such shares of Common Stock is not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase such shares of Common Stock.
(h) No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights. There are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as have been duly waived.
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(i) No Material Adverse Change. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus: (i) there has been no material adverse change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, properties, operations, assets, liabilities or prospects, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity (any such change being referred to herein as a “Material Adverse Change”); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent, including without limitation any losses or interference with their business from fire, explosion, flood, earthquakes, accident or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any strike, labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, that are material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, and have not entered into any transactions not in the ordinary course of business that are material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company; and (iii) there has not been any material decrease in the capital stock or any material increase in any short-term or long-term indebtedness of the Company or its subsidiaries and there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company or, except for dividends paid to the Company or other subsidiaries, by any of the Company’s subsidiaries on any class of capital stock, or any repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any class of capital stock.
(j) Independent Accountants. KPMG LLP, which has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement includes the related notes thereto) or reviewed the financial statements, each as filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, is (i) an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, and the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), (ii) in compliance with the applicable requirements relating to the qualification of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act; (iii) a registered public accounting firm as defined by the PCAOB whose registration has not been suspended or revoked and who has not requested such registration to be withdrawn and (iv) to the Company’s knowledge, KPMG LLP is not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, with respect to the Company.
(k) Financial Statements. The financial statements filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the periods specified. Such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus. The financial data included in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus fairly present in all material respects the information set forth therein on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. To the Company’s knowledge, no person who has been suspended or barred from being associated with a registered public accounting firm, or who has failed to comply with any sanction pursuant to Rule 5300 promulgated by the PCAOB, has participated in or otherwise aided the preparation of, or audited, the financial statements, supporting schedules or other financial data filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
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(l) Company’s Accounting System. The Company and each of its subsidiaries make and keep accurate books and records and maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and (v) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.
(m) Disclosure Controls and Procedures; Deficiencies in or Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act), which (i) are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and its Principal Financial Officer by others within those entities, particularly during the periods in which the periodic reports required under the Exchange Act are being prepared; (ii) have been evaluated by management of the Company for effectiveness as of the end of the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter; and (iii) are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which they were established. Since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there have been no significant deficiencies or material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company is not aware of any change in its internal control over financial reporting that has occurred during its most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
(n) Incorporation and Good Standing of the Company. The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has the corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business.
(o) Subsidiaries. Each of the Company’s “subsidiaries” (for purposes of this Agreement, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) has been duly incorporated or organized, as the case may be, and is validly existing as a corporation, partnership or limited liability company, as applicable, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization and has the power and authority (corporate or other) to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. Each of the Company’s subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation, partnership or limited liability company, as applicable, to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business. All of the issued and outstanding capital stock or other equity or ownership interests of each of the Company’s
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subsidiaries have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or adverse claim. None of the outstanding capital stock or equity interest in any subsidiary was issued in violation of preemptive or similar rights of any security holder of such subsidiary. The constitutive or organizational documents of each of the subsidiaries comply in all material respects with the requirements of applicable laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization and are in full force and effect. The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
(p) Capitalization and Other Capital Stock Matters. The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Capitalization” (other than for subsequent issuances, if any, pursuant to employee benefit plans, or upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, in each case as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus). The preferred stock of the Company and the Common Stock (including the Offered Shares) conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Time of Sale Prospectus. All of the issued and outstanding Common Stock has been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws. All of the issued and outstanding preferred stock of the Company has been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws. None of the outstanding capital stock of the Company was issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. There are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than those described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. The descriptions of the Company’s stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus accurately and fairly presents the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.
(q) Stock Options. With respect to the stock options (the “Stock Options”) granted pursuant to the stock-based compensation plans of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company Stock Plans”), (i) each Stock Option intended to qualify as an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Code (as defined below) so qualifies, (ii) each grant of a Stock Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Stock Option was by its terms to be effective by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required stockholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto, (iii) each such grant was made in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Plans, the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, including the rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) and any other exchange on which Company securities are traded, and (iv) each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company and disclosed in the Company’s filings with the Commission in accordance with the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no policy or practice of the Company of granting, Stock Options prior to, or otherwise coordinating the grant of Stock Options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its subsidiaries or their results of operations or prospects.
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(r) Stock Exchange Listing. The shares of Common Stock are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act and are listed on Nasdaq, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the shares of Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the shares of Common Stock from Nasdaq, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. To the Company’s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of Nasdaq.
(s) Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of its charter or by-laws, partnership agreement or operating agreement or similar organizational documents, as applicable, or is in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) (“Default”) under any indenture, loan, credit agreement, note, lease, license agreement, contract, franchise or other instrument (including, without limitation, any pledge agreement, security agreement, mortgage or other instrument or agreement evidencing, guaranteeing, securing or relating to indebtedness) to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of their respective properties or assets are subject (each, an “Existing Instrument”), except for such Defaults as could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and the issuance and sale of the Offered Shares (including the use of proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Use of Proceeds”) (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws, partnership agreement or operating agreement or similar organizational documents, as applicable, of the Company or any subsidiary, (ii) will not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default or a Debt Repayment Triggering Event (as defined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, or require the consent of any other party to, any Existing Instrument or the Convertible Notes and (iii) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court decree applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries; except for such conflicts, breaches, Defaults or Debt Repayment Triggering Events or liens, charges, encumbrances or violations specified in subsection (ii) and (iii) above that could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, is required for the Company’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, except such as have been obtained or made by the Company and are in full force and effect under the Securities Act and such as may be required under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). As used herein, a “Debt Repayment Triggering Event” means any event or condition which gives, or with the giving of notice or lapse of time would give, the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
(t) Compliance with Laws. The Company and its subsidiaries have been and are in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, except where failure to be so in compliance could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change.
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(u) No Material Actions or Proceedings. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation brought by or before any governmental entity now pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries, which could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change. No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or with the employees of any principal supplier, manufacturer, customer or contractor of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened or imminent. There are no statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus that are not so filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(v) Intellectual Property Rights. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries own, or have obtained valid and enforceable licenses for, the inventions, patent applications, patents, trademarks, trade names, service names, copyrights, trade secrets and other intellectual property described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus as being owned or licensed by them or which are necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as currently conducted or as currently proposed to be conducted (collectively, “Intellectual Property”). To the Company’s knowledge: (i) there are no third parties who have rights to any Intellectual Property, except for (A) customary reversionary rights of third-party licensors with respect to Intellectual Property that is disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus as licensed to the Company or one or more of its subsidiaries and (B) Intellectual Property that has been out-licensed to a third party as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; and (ii) there is no infringement by third parties of any Intellectual Property. There is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others: (A) challenging the Company’s rights in or to any Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim; (B) challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of any Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim; or (C) asserting that the Company or any of its subsidiaries infringes or otherwise violates, or would, upon the commercialization of any product or service described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus as under development, infringe or violate, any patent, trademark, trade name, service name, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary rights of others, and except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim. The Company and its subsidiaries have complied with the terms of each agreement pursuant to which Intellectual Property has been licensed to the Company or any subsidiary, and all such agreements are in full force and effect. To the Company’s knowledge, there are no material defects in any of the patents or patent applications included in the Intellectual Property. The Company and its subsidiaries have taken all reasonable steps to protect, maintain and safeguard their Intellectual Property, including the execution of appropriate nondisclosure, confidentiality agreements and invention assignment agreements and invention assignments with their employees, and no employee of the Company is in or has been in violation of any term of any employment contract, patent disclosure agreement, invention assignment agreement, non-competition agreement, non-solicitation agreement, nondisclosure agreement, or any restrictive covenant to or with a former employer where the basis of such violation relates to such employee’s employment with the Company. The duty of candor and good faith as required by the United States Patent and Trademark Office during the prosecution of the United States patents and patent applications included in the Intellectual Property have been complied with; and in all foreign offices having similar requirements, all such requirements have been complied with. None of the Company owned Intellectual Property or technology (including information technology and outsourced arrangements) employed by the Company or its subsidiaries has been obtained or is being used by the Company or its subsidiary in violation of any contractual obligation binding on the Company or its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors or employees or otherwise in violation of the rights of any persons. The product candidates described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus as under development by the Company or any subsidiary fall within the scope of the claims of one or more patents owned by, or exclusively licensed to, the Company or any subsidiary.
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(w) All Necessary Permits, etc. The Company and its subsidiaries possess such valid and current certificates, authorizations or permits required by state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (“Permits”), except where any failures to possess could not reasonably be expected to, singularly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of, or in default under, any of the Permits or has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such certificate, authorization or permit, except as would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.
(x) Title to Properties. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all of the real and personal property and other assets reflected as owned in the financial statements referred to in Section 1(k) above (or elsewhere in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus), in each case free and clear of any security interests, mortgages, liens, encumbrances, equities, adverse claims and other defects, except such as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change. The real property, improvements, equipment and personal property held under lease by the Company or any of its subsidiaries are held under valid and enforceable leases, with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such real property, improvements, equipment or personal property by the Company or such subsidiary.
(y) Tax Law Compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all federal, state and foreign income and franchise tax returns required to be filed by any of them or have properly requested extensions thereof and have paid all taxes required to be paid by any of them and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment, fine or penalty levied against any of them except as may be being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings. The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and reserves in the applicable financial statements referred to in Section 1(k) above in respect of all federal, state and foreign income and franchise taxes for all periods as to which the tax liability of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has not been finally determined.
(z) Insurance. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries are insured by recognized, financially sound and reputable institutions with policies in such amounts and with such deductibles and covering such risks as the Company reasonably believes are generally deemed adequate and customary for their businesses including, but not limited to, policies covering real and personal property owned or leased by the Company and its subsidiaries against theft, damage, destruction, acts of vandalism and earthquakes and policies covering the Company and its subsidiaries for product liability claims and clinical trial liability claims. The Company has no reason to believe that it or any of its subsidiaries will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been denied any insurance coverage which it has sought or for which it has applied.
(aa) Compliance with Environmental Laws. Except as could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change: (i) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or rule of common law or any judicial or administrative interpretation thereof, including any judicial or administrative order, consent, decree or judgment, relating to pollution or protection of human
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health, the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to the release or threatened release of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum products (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) or to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials (collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries have all permits, authorizations and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in compliance with their requirements; (iii) there are no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigation or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Company or any of its subsidiaries; and (iv) to the knowledge of the Company, there are no events or circumstances that might reasonably be expected to form the basis of an order for clean-up or remediation, or an action, suit or proceeding by any private party or governmental body or agency, against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries relating to Hazardous Materials or any Environmental Laws.
(bb) ERISA Compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries and any “employee benefit plan” (as defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (collectively, “ERISA”)) established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or their “ERISA Affiliates” (as defined below) are in compliance in all material respects with ERISA. “ERISA Affiliate” means, with respect to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, any member of any group of organizations described in Sections 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the “Code”) of which the Company or such subsidiary is a member. Except as could not be reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change, no “reportable event” (as defined under ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates. No “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates, if such “employee benefit plan” were terminated, would have any “amount of unfunded benefit liabilities” (as defined under ERISA). Neither the Company, its subsidiaries nor any of their ERISA Affiliates has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any “employee benefit plan” or (ii) Sections 412, 4971, 4975 or 4980B of the Code. Each employee benefit plan established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and nothing has occurred, whether by action or failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification.
(cc) Company Not an “Investment Company.” The Company is not, and will not be, either after receipt of payment for the Offered Shares and for the Convertible Notes in the Convertible Notes Offering or after the application of the proceeds therefrom as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, required to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).
(dd) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Common Stock or of any “reference security” (as defined in Rule 100 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act (“Regulation M”)) with respect to the Common Stock, whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which would directly or indirectly violate Regulation M.
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(ee) Related-Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus that have not been described as required.
(ff) FINRA Matters. All of the information provided to the Underwriters or to counsel for the Underwriters by the Company, its counsel, its officers and directors and the holders of any securities (debt or equity) or options to acquire any securities of the Company in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares is true, complete and correct in all material respects and compliant with FINRA’s rules and any letters, filings or other supplemental information provided to FINRA pursuant to FINRA Rules or NASD Conduct Rules is true, complete and correct.
(gg) Parties to Lock-Up Agreements. The Company has furnished to the Underwriters a letter agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Lock-up Agreement”) from each of the persons listed on Exhibit B. Such Exhibit B lists under an appropriate caption the directors, officers and certain stockholders of the Company. If any additional persons shall become directors or officers of the Company prior to the end of the Lock-up Period (as defined below), the Company shall cause each such person, prior to or contemporaneously with their appointment or election as a director or officer of the Company, to execute and deliver to the Representatives a Lock-up Agreement.
(hh) Statistical and Market-Related Data. All statistical, demographic and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes, after reasonable inquiry, to be reliable and accurate. To the extent required, the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources.
(ii) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There is, and has been, no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any applicable provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.
(jj) No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or any subsidiary, has made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state or foreign office in violation of any applicable law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus.
(kk) Anti-Corruption and Anti-Bribery Laws. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has, in the course of its actions for, or on behalf of, the Company or any of its subsidiaries (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken any act in furtherance of an offer, promise, or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or public international organization, or any political party, party official, or candidate for political office; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”), the UK Bribery Act 2010, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or (iv) made, offered, authorized, requested, or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment or benefit. The Company and its subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s affiliates have conducted their respective businesses in compliance with the FCPA and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith.
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(ll) Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are, and have been conducted at all times, in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar applicable rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.
(mm) Sanctions. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, after due inquiry, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury of the United Kingdom, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”); nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or the target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic (each, a “Sanctioned Country”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of this offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, or any joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of or business with any person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of such financing, is the subject or the target of Sanctions or in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of applicable Sanctions. Since April 24, 2019, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.
(nn) Brokers. Except pursuant to this Agreement, there is no broker, finder or other party that is entitled to receive from the Company any brokerage or finder’s fee or other fee or commission as a result of any transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(oo) Forward-Looking Statements. Each financial or operational projection or other “forward-looking statement” (as defined by Section 27A of the Securities Act or Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (i) was so included by the Company in good faith and with reasonable basis after due consideration by the Company of the underlying assumptions, estimates and other applicable facts and circumstances and (ii) as required, is accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying those factors that could reasonably be expected to cause actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statement. No such statement was made with the knowledge of an executive officer or director of the Company that it was false or misleading.
(pp) No Outstanding Loans or Other Extensions of Credit. The Company does not have any outstanding extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan, to or for any director or executive officer (or equivalent thereof) of the Company except for such extensions of credit as are expressly permitted by Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act.
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(qq) Cybersecurity. The Company and its subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted and, to the Company’s knowledge, based on commercially reasonably security and monitoring, free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants. The Company and its subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable physical, technical and administrative controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data, including “Personal Data,” used in connection with their businesses. “Personal Data” means (i) a natural person’s name, street address, telephone number, e-mail address, photograph, social security number or tax identification number, driver’s license number, passport number, credit card number, bank information, or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify as “personally identifying information” under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; (iii) “personal data” as defined by GDPR (as defined below); (iv) any information which would qualify as “protected health information” under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (collectively, “HIPAA”); and (v) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or permits the collection or analysis of any data related to an identified person’s health or sexual orientation. To the Company’s knowledge, there have been no breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to same, except for those that have been remedied without material cost or liability or the duty to notify any other person, nor any incidents under internal review or investigations relating to the same. The Company and its subsidiaries are presently in material compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification.
(rr) Compliance with Data Privacy Laws. To the Company’s knowledge, the Company and its subsidiaries are, and at all prior times were, in material compliance with all applicable state and federal data privacy and security laws and regulations, including without limitation HIPAA, and the Company and its subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable actions to prepare to comply with, and since May 25, 2018, have been and currently are in compliance with, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (EU 2016/679) (collectively, the “Privacy Laws”). To ensure compliance with the Privacy Laws, the Company and its subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take appropriate steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling, and analysis of Personal Data. To the Company’s knowledge, the Company and its subsidiaries have at all times made all disclosures to users or customers required by applicable Privacy Laws, and none of such disclosures made or contained in any Policy have, to the knowledge of the Company, been inaccurate or in violation of any applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements in any material respect. The Company further certifies that neither it nor any subsidiary: (i) has received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any of the Privacy Laws, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) is currently conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation, or other corrective action pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement that imposes any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law.
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(ss) Communications. The Company (i) has not alone engaged in communications with potential investors in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act and (ii) has not authorized anyone other than the Representatives to engage in such communications; the Company reconfirms that the Representatives have been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Marketing Materials.
(tt) Clinical Data and Regulatory Compliance. The preclinical tests and clinical trials, and other studies (collectively, “studies”) that are described in, or the results of which are referred to in, the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus were and, if still pending, are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with the protocols, procedures and controls designed and approved for such studies and with standard medical and scientific research procedures and all applicable laws and regulations, including, without limitation, 21 C.F.R. Parts 50, 54, 56, 58, 312 and 812; each description of the results of such studies is accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly presents the data derived from such studies, and the Company and its subsidiaries have no knowledge of any other studies the results of which are inconsistent with, or otherwise call into question, the results described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus; the Company and its subsidiaries have made all such filings and obtained all such approvals as may be required by the Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or any committee thereof or from any other U.S. or foreign government or drug or medical device regulatory agency, or health care facility Institutional Review Board (collectively, the “Regulatory Agencies”), except as could not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of, or correspondence from, any Regulatory Agency requiring the termination, suspension or material modification of any clinical trials that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus; and the Company and its subsidiaries have each operated and currently are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable rules, regulations and policies of the Regulatory Agencies.
(uu) Compliance with Health Care Laws. The Company and its subsidiaries are, and at all times have been, in compliance in all material respects with all Health Care Laws. For purposes of this Agreement, “Health Care Laws” means: (i) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. Section 301 et seq.), the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. Section 201 et seq.), and the regulations promulgated thereunder; (ii) all applicable federal, state, local and all applicable foreign health care-related fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)), the Civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. Section 3729 et seq.), the criminal false statements law (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(a)), 18 U.S.C. Sections 286 and 287, the health care fraud criminal provisions under HIPAA (42 U.S.C. Section 1320d et seq.), the Stark Law (42 U.S.C. Section 1395nn), the civil monetary penalties law (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7a), the exclusion law (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7), the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (42 U.S.C. Section 1320-7h), and applicable laws governing government funded or sponsored healthcare programs; (iii) HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (42 U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.); (iv) the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010; (v) licensure, quality, safety and accreditation requirements under applicable federal, state, local or foreign laws or regulatory bodies; and (vi) all other local, state, federal, national, supranational and foreign laws, relating to the regulation of the Company or its subsidiaries, and (vii) the directives and regulations promulgated pursuant to such statutes and any state or non-U.S. counterpart thereof. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in violation of any Health Care Laws nor, to the Company’s knowledge, is any such claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action threatened. The Company and its subsidiaries have filed, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Health Care Laws, and, to the Company’s knowledge, all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and accurate on the date filed in all material
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respects (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission). Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, or similar agreements related to enforcement actions with or imposed by any governmental or regulatory authority. Additionally, neither the Company, any of its subsidiaries nor any of their respective employees, officers, directors, or agents has been excluded, suspended or debarred from participation in any U.S. federal health care program or human clinical research or, to the knowledge of the Company, is subject to a governmental inquiry, investigation, proceeding, or other similar action that could reasonably be expected to result in debarment, suspension, or exclusion.
(vv) No Rights to Purchase Preferred Stock. The issuance and sale of the Offered Shares as contemplated hereby will not cause any holder of any shares of capital stock, securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for capital stock or options, warrants or other rights to purchase capital stock or any other securities of the Company to have any right to acquire any shares of preferred stock of the Company.
(ww) Margin Rules. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Offered Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.
(xx) No Rated Securities. There are no debt securities or preferred stock of, or guaranteed by, the Company or any of its subsidiaries that are rated by a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” as that term is used in Rule 15c3-1(c)(2)(vi)(F) under the Exchange Act.
(yy) Status under the Securities Act. At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Offered Shares and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” and is a well-known seasoned issuer, in each case as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. The Company has paid the registration fee for this offering pursuant to Rule 456(b)(1) under the Securities Act or will pay such fee within the time period required by such rule (without giving effect to the proviso therein) and in any event prior to the First Closing Date.
Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries and delivered to any Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the offering, or the purchase and sale, of the Offered Shares shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.
The Company has a reasonable basis for making each of the representations set forth in this Section 1. The Company acknowledges that the Underwriters and, for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to Section 6 hereof, counsel to the Company and counsel to the Underwriters, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.
Section 2. Purchase, Sale and Delivery of the Offered Shares.
(a) The Firm Shares. Upon the terms herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell to the several Underwriters an aggregate of 7,352,942 Firm Shares. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the respective number of Firm Shares set forth opposite their names on Schedule A. The purchase price to be paid by the several Underwriters to the Company for the Firm Shares shall be $15.98 per share.
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(b) The First Closing Date. Delivery of certificates for the Firm Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters and payment therefor shall be made at the offices of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP (or such other place as may be agreed to by the Company and the Representatives) at 10:00 a.m. New York City time, on May 11, 2026, or such other time and date not later than 1:30 p.m. New York City time, on May 26, 2026 as the Representatives shall designate by notice to the Company (the time and date of such closing are called the “First Closing Date”). The Company hereby acknowledges that circumstances under which the Representatives may provide notice to postpone the First Closing Date as originally scheduled include, but are not limited to, any determination by the Company or the Representatives to recirculate to the public copies of an amended or supplemented Prospectus or a delay as contemplated by the provisions of Section 11.
(c) The Optional Shares; Option Closing Date. In addition, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby grants an option to the several Underwriters to purchase, severally and not jointly, up to an aggregate of 1,102,941 Optional Shares from the Company at the purchase price per share to be paid by the Underwriters for the Firm Shares, less an amount per share equal to any dividend or distribution declared by the Company and payable on the Firm Shares but not payable on Optional Shares. The option granted hereunder may be exercised at any time and from time to time in whole or in part upon notice by the Representatives to the Company, which notice may be given at any time within 30 days from the date of this Agreement. Such notice shall set forth (i) the aggregate number of Optional Shares as to which the Underwriters are exercising the option and (ii) the time, date and place at which certificates for the Optional Shares will be delivered (which time and date may be simultaneous with, but not earlier than, the First Closing Date; and in the event that such time and date are simultaneous with the First Closing Date, the term “First Closing Date” shall refer to the time and date of delivery of certificates for the Firm Shares and such Optional Shares). Any such time and date of delivery, if subsequent to the First Closing Date, is called an “Option Closing Date,” shall be determined by the Representatives and shall not be earlier than two or later than five full business days after delivery of such notice of exercise. If any Optional Shares are to be purchased, each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase the number of Optional Shares (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as the Representatives may determine) that bears the same proportion to the total number of Optional Shares to be purchased as the number of Firm Shares set forth on Schedule A opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Firm Shares. The Representatives may cancel the option at any time prior to its expiration by giving written notice of such cancellation to the Company.
(d) Public Offering of the Offered Shares. The Representatives hereby advise the Company that the Underwriters intend to offer for sale to the public, initially on the terms set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, their respective portions of the Offered Shares as soon after this Agreement has been executed as the Representatives, in their sole judgment, have determined is advisable and practicable.
(e) Payment for the Offered Shares. (i) Payment for the Offered Shares shall be made at the First Closing Date (and, if applicable, at each Option Closing Date) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the order of the Company.
(ii) It is understood that the Representatives have been authorized, for their own accounts and the accounts of the several Underwriters, to accept delivery of and receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Firm Shares and any Optional Shares the Underwriters have agreed to purchase. The Representatives may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment for any Offered Shares to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds shall not have been received by the Representatives by the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be, for the account of such Underwriter, but any such payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from any of its obligations under this Agreement.
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(f) Delivery of the Offered Shares. The Company shall deliver, or cause to be delivered through the book entry facilities of the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) to the Representatives for the accounts of the several Underwriters the Firm Shares at the First Closing Date, against release of a wire transfer of immediately available funds for the amount of the purchase price therefor. The Company shall also deliver, or cause to be delivered, through the book entry facilities of DTC, to the Representatives for the accounts of the several Underwriters, the Optional Shares the Underwriters have agreed to purchase at the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be, against the release of a wire transfer of immediately available funds for the amount of the purchase price therefor. The Offered Shares shall be delivered to such accounts and in such denominations as the Representatives shall have requested at least two full business days prior to the First Closing Date (or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be) and shall be made available for inspection on the business day preceding the First Closing Date (or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be) at a location in New York City as the Representatives may designate. Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at the time and place specified in this Agreement is a further condition to the obligations of the Underwriters.
Section 3. Additional Covenants of the Company.
The Company further covenants and agrees with each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Commission Filing Fees. The Company agrees to pay the required Commission filing fees relating to the Offered Shares within the time required by Rule 456(b)(1) under the Securities Act without regard to the proviso therein and otherwise in accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act.
(b) Delivery of Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus and Prospectus. The Company shall furnish to you in New York City, without charge, prior to 10:00 a.m. New York City time on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and during the period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) in connection with sales of the Offered Shares, as many copies of the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus and any supplements and amendments thereto or to the Registration Statement as you may reasonably request.
(c) Representatives’ Review of Proposed Amendments and Supplements. During the period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), the Company (i) will furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable period of time prior to the proposed time of filing of any proposed amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, a copy of each such amendment or supplement and (ii) will not amend or supplement the Registration Statement (including any amendment or supplement through incorporation of any report filed under the Exchange Act) without the Representatives’ prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). Prior to amending or supplementing any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (including any amendment or supplement through incorporation of any report filed under the Exchange Act), the Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the time of filing or use of the proposed amendment or supplement, a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement. The Company shall not file or use any such proposed amendment or supplement without the Representatives’ prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). The Company shall file with the Commission within the applicable period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act any prospectus required to be filed pursuant to such Rule.
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(d) Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the proposed time of filing or use thereof, a copy of each proposed free writing prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company, and the Company shall not file, use or refer to any proposed free writing prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto without the Representatives’ prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). The Company shall furnish to each Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by or referred to by the Company as such Underwriter may reasonably request. If at any time when a prospectus is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) in connection with sales of the Offered Shares (but in any event if at any time through and including the First Closing Date) there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at such time, not misleading, the Company shall promptly amend or supplement such free writing prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict so that the statements in such free writing prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at such time, not misleading, as the case may be; provided, however, that prior to amending or supplementing any such free writing prospectus, the Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the proposed time of filing or use thereof, a copy of such proposed amended or supplemented free writing prospectus, and the Company shall not file, use or refer to any such amended or supplemented free writing prospectus without the Representatives’ prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).
(e) Filing of Underwriter Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company shall not take any action that would result in an Underwriter or the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that such Underwriter otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.
(f) Amendments and Supplements to Time of Sale Prospectus. If the Time of Sale Prospectus is being used to solicit offers to buy the Offered Shares at a time when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, and any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the Time of Sale Prospectus does not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when delivered to a prospective purchaser, not misleading, or if any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Prospectus conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, or if, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus to comply with applicable law, the Company shall (subject to Section 3(c) and Section 3(d) hereof) promptly prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to any dealer upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the statements in the Time of Sale Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when delivered to a prospective purchaser, not misleading or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will no longer conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.
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(g) Certain Notifications and Required Actions. After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall promptly advise the Representatives in writing of (which may be by email): (i) the receipt of any comments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission; (ii) the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus or the Prospectus; (iii) the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective; and (iv) the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus or the Prospectus, or of any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing or quotation the Common Stock from any securities exchange upon which they are listed for trading or included or designated for quotation, or of the threatening or initiation of any proceedings for any of such purposes. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order at any time, the Company will use its best efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with all applicable provisions of Rule 424(b), Rule 433 and Rule 430B under the Securities Act and will use its reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under Rule 424(b) or Rule 433 were received in a timely manner by the Commission. If, after the date of this Agreement and during any time when a prospectus is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), the Company receives notice pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the Securities Act from the Commission or otherwise ceases to be eligible to use the automatic shelf registration form, the Company shall promptly advise the Representatives in writing of such notice or ineligibility and will (i) promptly file a new registration statement or post-effective amendment on the proper form relating to the Offered Shares, (ii) use its reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement or post-effective amendment to be declared effective by the Commission as soon as practicable and (iii) promptly notify the Representatives in writing of such effectiveness.
(h) Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus and Other Securities Act Matters. If any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus so that the Prospectus does not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when the Prospectus is delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) to a purchaser, not misleading, or if in the opinion of the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters it is otherwise necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, the Company agrees (subject to Section 3(c) and Section 3(d)) hereof to promptly prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to any dealer upon request, amendments or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) to a purchaser, not misleading or so that the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law. Neither the Representatives’ consent to, nor delivery of, any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the Company’s obligations under Section 3(c) or Section 3(d).
(i) Blue Sky Compliance. The Company shall cooperate with the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters to qualify or register the Offered Shares for sale under (or obtain exemptions from the application of) the state securities or blue sky laws or Canadian provincial securities laws (or other foreign laws) of those jurisdictions designated by the Representatives, shall comply with such laws and shall continue such qualifications, registrations and exemptions in effect so long as required for the distribution
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of the Offered Shares. The Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to take any action that would subject it to general service of process in any such jurisdiction where it is not presently qualified or where it would be subject to taxation as a foreign corporation. The Company will advise the Representatives promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or any such exemption relating to) the Offered Shares for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.
(j) Use of Proceeds. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares sold by it in the manner described under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(k) Transfer Agent. The Company shall engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Common Stock.
(l) Earnings Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Representatives as soon as practicable an earnings statement (which need not be audited) covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company commencing after the date of this Agreement that will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
(m) Continued Compliance with Securities Laws. The Company will comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Offered Shares as contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), file on a timely basis with the Commission and Nasdaq all reports and documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act.
(n) Listing. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to list, subject to notice of issuance, the Offered Shares on Nasdaq.
(o) Company to Provide Copy of the Prospectus in Form That May be Downloaded from the Internet. If requested by the Representatives, the Company shall cause to be prepared and delivered, at its expense, within one business day from the effective date of this Agreement, to the Representatives an “electronic Prospectus” to be used by the Underwriters in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Shares. As used herein, the term “electronic Prospectus” means a form of Time of Sale Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, that meets each of the following conditions: (i) it shall be encoded in an electronic format, satisfactory to the Representatives, that may be transmitted electronically by the Representatives and the other Underwriters to offerees and purchasers of the Offered Shares; (ii) it shall disclose the same information as the paper Prospectus, except to the extent that graphic and image material cannot be disseminated electronically, in which case such graphic and image material shall be replaced in the electronic Prospectus with a fair and accurate narrative description or tabular representation of such material, as appropriate; and (iii) it shall be in or convertible into a paper format or an electronic format, satisfactory to the Representatives, that will allow investors to store and have continuously ready access to the Prospectus at any future time, without charge to investors (other than any fee charged for subscription to the Internet as a whole and for on-line time). The Company hereby confirms that it has included or will include in the Prospectus filed pursuant to EDGAR or otherwise with the Commission and in the Registration Statement at the time it was declared effective an undertaking that, upon receipt of a request by an investor or his or her representative, the Company shall transmit or cause to be transmitted promptly, without charge, a paper copy of the Prospectus.
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(p) Agreement Not to Offer or Sell Additional Shares. During the period commencing on and including the date hereof and continuing through and including the 60th day following the date of the Prospectus (such period being referred to herein as the “Lock-up Period”), the Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives (which consent may be withheld in their sole discretion), directly or indirectly: (i) sell, offer to sell, contract to sell or lend any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities (as defined below); (ii) effect any short sale, or establish or increase any “put equivalent position” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) or liquidate or decrease any “call equivalent position” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act) of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities; (iii) pledge, hypothecate or grant any security interest in any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities; (iv) in any other way transfer or dispose of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities; (v) enter into any swap, hedge or similar arrangement or agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic risk of ownership of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities, regardless of whether any such transaction is to be settled in securities, in cash or otherwise; (vi) announce the offering of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities; (vii) submit or file any registration statement under the Securities Act in respect of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities (other than as contemplated by this Agreement with respect to the Offered Shares); (viii) effect a reverse stock split, recapitalization, share consolidation, reclassification or similar transaction affecting the outstanding Common Stock or any shares of preferred stock; or (ix) publicly announce the intention to do any of the foregoing; provided, however, that the Company may (A) effect the transactions contemplated hereby, (B) issue shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of any preferred stock of the Company outstanding on the date hereof and referred to in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, but only if the holders of such shares of Common Stock agree in writing with the Underwriters not to sell, offer, dispose of or otherwise transfer any such Common Stock or options during such Lock-up Period without the prior written consent of the Representatives (which consent may be withheld in their sole discretion), (C) effect the transactions contemplated by the Convertible Notes Underwriting Agreement, (D) issue shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, (E) issue shares of Common Stock, or options to purchase shares of Common Stock or issue shares of Common Stock upon exercise of options, pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan or arrangement described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, but only if the holders of such shares of Common Stock or options agree in writing with the Underwriters not to sell, offer, dispose of or otherwise transfer any such Common Stock or options during such Lock-up Period without the prior written consent of the Representatives (which consent may be withheld in their sole discretion) and (F) issue shares of Common Stock in connection with the Open Market Sale AgreementSM, between the Company and Jefferies LLC, dated as of March 3, 2025 (the “Sale Agreement”), provided that no sales shall be made under the Sale Agreement until the earlier of (x) the exercise in full by the Underwriters of their option to purchase the Optional Shares and (y) the 30th day following the date of the Prospectus. For purposes of the foregoing, “Related Securities” shall mean any options or warrants or other rights to acquire shares of Common Stock or any securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock, or to acquire other securities or rights ultimately exchangeable or exercisable for, or convertible into, shares of Common Stock.
(q) Future Reports to the Representatives. During the period of five years hereafter, the Company will furnish to the Representatives, c/o Jefferies LLC, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022 (fax: (646) 619-4437), Attention: General Counsel, c/o Leerink Partners LLC, 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor New York, New York 10019, Attention: Stuart R. Nayman and c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, Attention: Registration Department: (i) as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year, copies of the Annual Report of the Company containing the
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balance sheet of the Company as of the close of such fiscal year and statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended and the opinion thereon of the Company’s independent public or certified public accountants; (ii) as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, copies of each proxy statement, Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other report filed by the Company with the Commission, FINRA or any securities exchange; and (iii) as soon as available, copies of any report or communication of the Company furnished or made available generally to holders of its capital stock; provided, however, that the requirements of this Section 3(q) shall be satisfied to the extent that such reports, statement, communications, financial statements or other documents are available on EDGAR.
(r) Investment Limitation. The Company shall not invest or otherwise use the proceeds received by the Company from its sale of the Offered Shares in such a manner as would require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
(s) No Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. The Company will not take, and will ensure that no affiliate of the Company will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Common Stock or any reference security with respect to the Common Stock, whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Shares or otherwise, and the Company will, and shall cause each of its affiliates to, comply with all applicable provisions of Regulation M.
(t) Enforce Lock-Up Agreements. During the Lock-up Period, the Company will enforce all agreements between the Company and any of its securityholders that restrict or prohibit, expressly or in operation, the offer, sale or transfer of Common Stock or Related Securities or any of the other actions restricted or prohibited under the terms of the form of Lock-up Agreement. In addition, the Company will direct the transfer agent to place stop transfer restrictions upon any such securities of the Company that are bound by such “lock-up” agreements for the duration of the periods contemplated in such agreements, including, without limitation, “lock-up” agreements entered into by the Company’s officers, directors and securityholders pursuant to Section 6(i) hereof.
(u) Company to Provide Interim Financial Statements. Prior to the First Closing Date and each applicable Option Closing Date, the Company will furnish the Underwriters, as soon as they have been prepared by or are available to the Company, a copy of any unaudited interim financial statements of the Company for any period subsequent to the period covered by the most recent financial statements appearing in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
(v) Term Sheet. The Company will prepare a final term sheet relating to this offering of the Offered Shares and the Convertible Notes Offering in a form approved by the Representatives (as set forth in Schedule C hereto) and will file such term sheet pursuant to and within the time required by Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act.
The Representatives, on behalf of the several Underwriters, may, in their sole discretion, waive in writing the performance by the Company of any one or more of the foregoing covenants or extend the time for their performance.
Section 4. Payment of Expenses. The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of its obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation (i) all expenses incident to the issuance and delivery of the Offered Shares (including all printing and engraving costs), (ii) all fees and expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Common Stock, (iii) all necessary issue, transfer, stamp and other similar taxes in connection with the issuance and sale of the Offered Shares to the Underwriters, (iv) all fees and expenses
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of the Company’s counsel, independent public or certified public accountants and other advisors, (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shipping and distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts), the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, each free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company, and each preliminary prospectus, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement, (vi) all filing fees, attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Underwriters in connection with qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Offered Shares for offer and sale under the state securities or blue sky laws or the provincial securities laws of Canada, and, if requested by the Representatives, preparing and printing a “Blue Sky Survey” or memorandum, advising the Underwriters of such qualifications, registrations and exemptions (including fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters up to $10,000), (vii) the costs fees and expenses incurred by the Underwriters in connection with determining their compliance with the rules and regulations of FINRA related to the Underwriters’ participation in the offering and distribution of the Offered Shares, including any related filing fees and the legal fees of, and disbursements by, counsel to the Underwriters (including fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters up to $15,000), (viii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any “road show”, including, without limitation, expenses associated with the preparation or dissemination of any electronic road show, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with the road show presentations with the prior approval of the Company, travel and lodging expenses of the Representatives, employees and officers of the Company and any such consultants, and the cost of any aircraft chartered in connection with the road show, (ix) the fees and expenses associated with listing the Offered Shares on Nasdaq, and (x) all other fees, costs and expenses of the nature referred to in Item 13 of Part II of the Registration Statement. Except as provided in this Section 4 or in Section 7, Section 9 or Section 10 hereof, the Underwriters shall pay their own expenses, including the fees and disbursements of their counsel.
Section 5. Covenant of the Underwriters. Each Underwriter severally and not jointly covenants with the Company not to take any action that would result in the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that otherwise would not, but for such actions, be required to be filed by the Company under Rule 433(d).
Section 6. Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriters. The respective obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder to purchase and pay for the Offered Shares as provided herein on the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Shares, each Option Closing Date, shall be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company set forth in Section 1 hereof as of the date hereof and as of the First Closing Date as though then made and, with respect to the Optional Shares, as of each Option Closing Date as though then made, to the timely performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional conditions:
(a) Comfort Letter. On the date hereof, the Representatives shall have received from KPMG LLP, independent registered public accountants for the Company, a letter dated the date hereof addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountant’s “comfort letters” to underwriters, delivered according to Statement of Auditing Standards No. 72 (or any successor bulletin), with respect to the audited and unaudited financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, and each free writing prospectus, if any.
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(b) Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from FINRA. For the period from and after the date of this Agreement and through and including the First Closing Date and, with respect to any Optional Shares purchased after the First Closing Date, each Option Closing Date:
(i) The Company shall have filed the Prospectus with the Commission (including the information previously omitted from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act) in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act; or the Company shall have filed a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement containing the information previously omitted from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B, and such post-effective amendment shall have become effective.
(ii) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceedings for such purpose shall have been instituted or threatened by the Commission.
(iii) If a filing has been made with FINRA, FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.
(c) No Material Adverse Change or Ratings Agency Change. For the period from and after the date of this Agreement and through and including the First Closing Date and, with respect to any Optional Shares purchased after the First Closing Date, each Option Closing Date:
(i) in the judgment of the Representatives there shall not have occurred any Material Adverse Change; and
(ii) there shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” as that term is used in Rule 15c3-1(c)(2)(vi)(F) under the Exchange Act.
(d) Opinion of Counsel for the Company. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Ropes & Gray LLP, counsel for the Company, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, dated as of such date, and to such further effect as the Representatives shall reasonably request.
(e) Opinion of Intellectual Property Counsel for the Company. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, counsel for the Company with respect to intellectual property matters, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, dated as of such date, and to such further effect as the Representatives shall reasonably request.
(f) Opinion of Counsel for the Underwriters. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date the Representatives shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, dated as of such date, with executed copies for each of the other Underwriters named on the Prospectus cover page.
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(g) Officers’ Certificate. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received a certificate executed by the Chief Executive Officer or President of the Company and the Principal Financial Officer of the Company, dated as of such date, to the effect set forth in Section 6(b)(ii) and further to the effect that:
(i) for the period from and including the date of this Agreement through and including such date, there has not occurred any Material Adverse Change;
(ii) the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company set forth in Section 1 of this Agreement are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made on and as of such date; and
(iii) the Company has complied with all the agreements hereunder and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to such date.
(h) Bring-down Comfort Letter. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date the Representatives shall have received from KPMG LLP, independent registered public accountants for the Company, a letter dated such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, which letter shall: (i) reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished by them pursuant to Section 6(a), except that the specified date referred to therein for the carrying out of procedures shall be no more than three business days prior to the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be; and (ii) cover certain financial information contained in the Prospectus.
(i) Lock-Up Agreements. On or prior to the date hereof, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives an agreement in the form of Exhibit A hereto from each of the persons listed on Exhibit B hereto, and each such agreement shall be in full force and effect on each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date.
(j) Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. In the event that a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is filed in connection with the offering contemplated by this Agreement, such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall have been filed with the Commission on the date of this Agreement and shall have become effective automatically upon such filing.
(k) Approval of Listing. At the First Closing Date, the Offered Shares shall have been approved for listing on Nasdaq, subject only to official notice of issuance.
(l) Additional Documents. On or before each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters shall have received such information, documents and opinions as they may reasonably request for the purposes of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Offered Shares as contemplated herein, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of the conditions or agreements, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Offered Shares as contemplated herein and in connection with the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters.
If any condition specified in this Section 6 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives by notice from the Representatives to the Company at any time on or prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Shares, at any time on or prior to the applicable Option Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party to any other party, except that Section 4, Section 7, Section 9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
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Section 7. Reimbursement of Underwriters’ Expenses. If this Agreement is terminated by the Representatives pursuant to Section 6, Section 11 or Section 12, or if the sale to the Underwriters of the Offered Shares on the First Closing Date is not consummated because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company to perform any agreement herein or to comply with any provision hereof, the Company agrees to reimburse the Representatives and the other Underwriters (or such Underwriters as have terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves), severally, upon demand for all out-of-pocket expenses that shall have been reasonably incurred by the Representatives and the Underwriters in connection with the proposed purchase and the offering and sale of the Offered Shares, including, but not limited to, reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel, printing expenses, travel expenses, postage, facsimile and telephone charges.
Section 8. Effectiveness of this Agreement. This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.
Section 9. Indemnification.
(a) Indemnification of the Underwriters. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, directors, officers, employees and agents, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which such Underwriter or such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or the laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions where Offered Shares have been offered or sold or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon (A) (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus that the Company has used, referred to or filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act, any Marketing Material or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to the foregoing), or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or (iii) any act or failure to act or any alleged act or failure to act by any Underwriter in connection with, or relating in any manner to, the Offered Shares or the offering contemplated hereby, and which is included as part of or referred to in any loss, claim, damage, liability or action arising out of or based upon any matter covered by clause (i) or (ii) above, or (B) the violation of any laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions where Offered Shares have been offered or sold; and to reimburse each Underwriter and each such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent and controlling person for any and all expenses (including the fees and disbursements of counsel) as such expenses are incurred by such Underwriter or such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action; provided, however, that the foregoing indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense to the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company by the Representatives in writing expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any such free writing prospectus, any Marketing Material or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), it being understood and agreed that the only such information consists of the information described in Section 9(b) below. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 9(a) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Company may otherwise have.
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(b) Indemnification of the Company, its Directors and Officers. Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which the Company, or any such director, officer or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of such Underwriter), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus that the Company has used, referred to or filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433 of the Securities Act or the Prospectus (or any such amendment or supplement) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, such preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, such free writing prospectus or the Prospectus (or any such amendment or supplement), in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company by the Representatives in writing expressly for use therein; and to reimburse the Company, or any such director, officer or controlling person for any and all expenses (including the fees and disbursements of counsel) as such expenses are incurred by the Company, or any such director, officer or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action. The Company hereby acknowledges that the only information that the Representatives have furnished to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to the foregoing) are the first sentence of the fourth paragraph under the caption “Underwriting” regarding market making, the concession and reallowance figures in the first sentence of the sixth paragraph under the caption “Underwriting,” and the first sentence of the thirteenth paragraph under the caption “Underwriting” regarding stabilizing activities. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 9(b) shall be in addition to any liabilities that each Underwriter may otherwise have.
(c) Notifications and Other Indemnification Procedures. Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 9 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party under this Section 9, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof, but the omission to so notify the indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party to the extent the indemnifying party is not materially prejudiced as a proximate result of such failure and shall not in any event relieve the indemnifying party from any liability that it may have otherwise than on account of this indemnity agreement. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party and such indemnified party seeks or intends to seek indemnity from an indemnifying party, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall elect, jointly with all other indemnifying parties similarly notified, by written notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly after receiving the aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party; provided, however, that if the defendants in any such action include both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that a conflict may arise between the positions of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in conducting the defense of any such action or that there may be legal defenses
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available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to select separate counsel to assume such legal defenses and to otherwise participate in the defense of such action on behalf of such indemnified party or parties. Upon receipt of notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of such indemnifying party’s election to so assume the defense of such action and approval by the indemnified party of counsel, the indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this Section 9 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof unless (i) the indemnified party shall have employed separate counsel in accordance with the proviso to the preceding sentence (it being understood, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate counsel (together with local counsel), representing the indemnified parties who are parties to such action), which counsel (together with any local counsel) for the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Representatives (in the case of counsel for the indemnified parties referred to in Section 9(a) above) or by the Company (in the case of counsel for the indemnified parties referred to in Section 9(b) above) or (ii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action or (iii) the indemnifying party has authorized in writing the employment of counsel for the indemnified party at the expense of the indemnifying party, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel shall be at the expense of the indemnifying party and shall be paid as they are incurred.
(d) Settlements. The indemnifying party under this Section 9 shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by Section 9(c) hereof, the indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in any pending or threatened action, suit or proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity was or could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding and does not include an admission of fault or culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of such indemnified party.
Section 10. Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in Section 9 is for any reason held to be unavailable to or otherwise insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount paid or payable by such indemnified party, as incurred, as a result of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, from the offering of the Offered Shares pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares pursuant to this Agreement shall be
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deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total proceeds from the offering of the Offered Shares pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company, and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth on the front cover page of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate initial public offering price of the Offered Shares as set forth on such cover. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company, on the one hand, or the Underwriters, on the other hand, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses referred to above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 9(c), any legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim. The provisions set forth in Section 9(c) with respect to notice of commencement of any action shall apply if a claim for contribution is to be made under this Section 10; provided, however, that no additional notice shall be required with respect to any action for which notice has been given under Section 9(c) for purposes of indemnification.
The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 10 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in this Section 10.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 10, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter in connection with the Offered Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’ obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 10 are several, and not joint, in proportion to their respective underwriting commitments as set forth opposite their respective names on Schedule A. For purposes of this Section 10, each affiliate, director, officer, employee and agent of an Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company.
Section 11. Default of One or More of the Several Underwriters. If, on the First Closing Date or any Option Closing Date any one or more of the several Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Offered Shares that it or they have agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, and the aggregate number of Offered Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase does not exceed 10% of the aggregate number of the Offered Shares to be purchased on such date, the Representatives may make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the purchase of such Offered Shares by other persons, including any of the Underwriters, but if no such arrangements are made by such date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally and not jointly, in the proportions that the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite their respective names on Schedule A bears to the aggregate number of Firm Shares set forth opposite the names of all such non-defaulting Underwriters, or in such other proportions as may be specified by the Representatives with the consent of the non-defaulting Underwriters, to purchase the Offered Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such date. If, on the First Closing Date or any Option Closing Date
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any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Offered Shares and the aggregate number of Offered Shares with respect to which such default occurs exceeds 10% of the aggregate number of Offered Shares to be purchased on such date, and arrangements satisfactory to the Representatives and the Company for the purchase of such Offered Shares are not made within 48 hours after such default, this Agreement shall terminate without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 4, Section 7, Section 9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination. In any such case either the Representatives or the Company shall have the right to postpone the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be, but in no event for longer than seven days in order that the required changes, if any, to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or any other documents or arrangements may be effected.
As used in this Agreement, the term “Underwriter” shall be deemed to include any person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter under this Section 11. Any action taken under this Section 11 shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.
Section 12. Termination of this Agreement. Prior to the purchase of the Firm Shares by the Underwriters on the First Closing Date, this Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives by notice given to the Company if at any time: (i) trading or quotation in any of the Company’s securities shall have been suspended or limited by the Commission or by Nasdaq, or trading in securities generally on either Nasdaq or the NYSE shall have been suspended or limited, or minimum or maximum prices shall have been generally established on any of such stock exchanges; (ii) a general banking moratorium shall have been declared by any of federal, New York, Colorado or Massachusetts authorities; (iii) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of national or international hostilities or any crisis or calamity, or any change in the United States or international financial markets, or any substantial change or development involving a prospective substantial change in United States’ or international political, financial or economic conditions, as in the judgment of the Representatives is material and adverse and makes it impracticable to market the Offered Shares in the manner and on the terms described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or to enforce contracts for the sale of securities; (iv) in the judgment of the Representatives there shall have occurred any Material Adverse Change; or (v) the Company shall have sustained a loss by strike, fire, flood, earthquake, accident or other calamity of such character as in the judgment of the Representatives may interfere materially with the conduct of the business and operations of the Company regardless of whether or not such loss shall have been insured. Any termination pursuant to this Section 12 shall be without liability on the part of (a) the Company to any Underwriter, except that the Company shall be obligated to reimburse the expenses of the Representatives and the Underwriters pursuant to Section 4 or Section 7 hereof or (b) any Underwriter to the Company; provided, however, that the provisions of Section 9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
Section 13. No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (a) the purchase and sale of the Offered Shares pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the public offering price of the Offered Shares and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on the other hand, (b) in connection with the offering contemplated hereby and the process leading to such transaction, each Underwriter is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company, or its stockholders, creditors, employees or any other party, (c) no Underwriter has assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company on other matters) and no Underwriter has any obligation to the Company with respect to the offering contemplated hereby except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (d) the Underwriters and their respective affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Company, and (e) the Underwriters have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the offering contemplated hereby and the Company has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate.
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Section 14. Representations and Indemnities to Survive Delivery. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company, of its officers and of the several Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or the Company or any of its or their partners, officers or directors or any controlling person, as the case may be, and, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, will survive delivery of and payment for the Offered Shares sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement.
Section 15. Notices. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered or telecopied and confirmed to the parties hereto as follows:
| If to the Representatives: |
Jefferies LLC 520 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10022 Facsimile: (646) 619-4437 Attention: General Counsel | |
| Leerink Partners LLC 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor New York, New York 10019 Attention: Stuart R. Nayman | ||
| Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC 200 West Street New York, New York 10282 Attention: Registration Department | ||
| with a copy to: |
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP 7 World Trade Center 250 Greenwich Street New York, New York 10007 Facsimile: (212) 230-8888 Attention: Lisa Firenze | |
| If to the Company: |
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. 221 Crescent Street, Suite 103A Waltham, MA 02453 Attention: Seth Harmon | |
| with a copy to: |
Ropes & Gray LLP Prudential Tower, 800 Boylston Street Boston, MA 02199 Attention: Zachary Blume | |
Any party hereto may change the address for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others.
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Section 16. Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, including any substitute Underwriters pursuant to Section 11 hereof, and to the benefit of the affiliates, directors, officers, employees, agents and controlling persons referred to in Section 9 and Section 10, and in each case their respective successors, and personal representatives, and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder. The term “successors” shall not include any purchaser of the Offered Shares as such from any of the Underwriters merely by reason of such purchase.
Section 17. Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.
Section 18. Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.
(a) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity (as defined below) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime (as defined below), the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
(b) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate (as defined below) of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights (as defined below) under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
For purposes of this Agreement, (A) “BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k); (B) “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (i) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b); (C) “Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable; and (D) “U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
Section 19. Governing Law Provisions. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed in such state. Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York (collectively, the “Specified Courts”), and each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction (except for proceedings instituted in regard to the enforcement of a judgment of any such court, as to which such jurisdiction is non-exclusive) of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail to such party’s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The parties irrevocably and
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unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
Section 20. Waiver of Jury Trial. Each of the parties hereto hereby waives any right to trial by jury in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement.
Section 21. General Provisions. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method, and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes. This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit. The section headings herein are for the convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.
Each of the parties hereto acknowledges that it is a sophisticated business person who was adequately represented by counsel during negotiations regarding the provisions hereof, including, without limitation, the indemnification provisions of Section 9 and the contribution provisions of Section 10, and is fully informed regarding said provisions. Each of the parties hereto further acknowledges that the provisions of Section 9 and Section 10 hereof fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties to investigate the Company, its affairs and its business in order to assure that adequate disclosure has been made in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, each free writing prospectus and the Prospectus (and any amendments and supplements to the foregoing), as contemplated by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.
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If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, kindly sign and return to the Company the enclosed copies hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become a binding agreement in accordance with its terms.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Seth Harmon | |
| Name: Seth Harmon | ||
| Title: Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ||
[Signature page to Underwriting Agreement]
The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted by the Representatives in New York, New York as of the date first above written.
JEFFERIES LLC
LEERINK PARTNERS LLC
GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC
Acting individually and as Representatives
of the several Underwriters named in
the attached Schedule A.
| JEFFERIES LLC | ||||
| By: | /s/ Matt Kim | |||
| Name: Matt Kim | ||||
| Title: Managing Director, Global Head of Biotechnology | ||||
| LEERINK PARTNERS LLC | ||||
| By: | /s/ Dan Dubin | |||
| Name: Dan Dubin | ||||
| Title: Co-President, Vice Chairman, Global Co-Head of Investment Banking | ||||
| GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC | ||||
| By: | /s/ Michael Voris | |||
| Name: Michael Voris | ||||
| Title: Managing Director | ||||
[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]
Schedule A
| Underwriters | Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Purchased |
|||
| Jefferies LLC |
2,555,148 | |||
| Leerink Partners LLC |
2,003,677 | |||
| Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC |
1,838,235 | |||
| LifeSci Capital LLC |
477,941 | |||
| Wedbush Securities Inc. |
477,941 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total |
7,352,942 | |||
|
|
|
|||
Schedule B
Free Writing Prospectuses Included in the Time of Sale Prospectus
Pricing term sheet in the form of Schedule C.
Free Writing Prospectuses Not Included in the Time of Sale Prospectus
Press release of the Company dated May 5, 2026 relating to the announcement of the offering of the Offered Shares and the Convertible Notes Offering.
Press release of the Company dated May 6, 2026 relating to the pricing of the offering of Offered Shares and the Convertible Notes Offering.
Schedule C
Pricing Term Sheet
Filed Pursuant to Rule 433
Registration No. 333-290056
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, dated May 6, 2026
PRICING TERM SHEET
MAY 6, 2026
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.
Offerings of
$225.0 Million Aggregate Principal Amount of 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032
7,352,942 Shares of Common Stock
The information in this pricing term sheet supplements (i) Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.’s (“Viridian”) preliminary prospectus supplement, dated May 5, 2026 (the “Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement”), relating to an offering of convertible senior notes (the “Convertible Notes Offering”), and (ii) Viridian’s preliminary prospectus supplement, dated May 5, 2026 (the “Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement”), relating to an offering of Common Stock (the “Common Stock Offering”), and, in each case, the accompanying prospectus, dated September 5, 2025, each filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. This pricing term sheet supersedes the information in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement to the extent inconsistent with the information in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, respectively. Terms used, but not defined, in this pricing term sheet have the respective meanings set forth in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement. As used in this pricing term sheet, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Viridian and “Common Stock” refers to the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Viridian. Viridian has increased the size of the Convertible Notes Offering to $225,000,000 from the previously announced $150,000,000. In addition, Viridian has increased the size of the Common Stock Offering to $125,000,000 from the previously announced $100,000,000. The final prospectus supplements relating to the Convertible Notes Offering and the Common Stock Offering will reflect conforming changes relating to such increase to the size of the Convertible Notes Offering and the Common Stock Offering, respectively.
| Issuer: | Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. | |
| Ticker / Exchange for Our Common Stock: | “VRDN” / The Nasdaq Capital Market | |
| Last Reported Sale Price per Share of the Common Stock on May 6, 2026: |
$17.53 | |
Convertible Notes Offering
| Securities: | 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 (the “Notes”) | |
| Offering Size: | $225.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes (or $250.0 million aggregate principal amount if the underwriters of the Convertible Notes Offering exercise their over-allotment option in full) | |
| Maturity Date: | May 15, 2032, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased | |
| Issue Price: | 100% of principal amount per Note | |
| Underwriting Discount: | 3.00% of the principal amount of the Notes, and $6.75 million in the aggregate (or $7.5 million in the aggregate, if the underwriters of the Convertible Notes Offering exercise their over-allotment option in full) | |
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| Interest: | 1.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2026. In addition, special interest will accrue on the Notes in the circumstances described in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Description of Notes—Events of Default—Special Interest as Sole Remedy for Certain Reporting Defaults.” | |
| Trade Date: | May 7, 2026 | |
| Settlement Date for the Convertible Notes Offering: | T+2; May 11, 2026 | |
| Under Rule 15c6-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade the Notes prior to the business day preceding the Settlement Date for the Convertible Notes Offering will be required, by virtue of the fact that the Notes initially will settle T+2, to specify an alternate settlement cycle at the time of any such trade to prevent a failed settlement. Purchasers of the Notes who wish to trade the Notes prior to the business day preceding the Settlement Date for the Convertible Notes Offering should consult their own advisors. | ||
| Use of Proceeds: | We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the Convertible Notes Offering will be approximately $217.7 million (or approximately $242.0 million if the underwriters of the Convertible Notes Offering exercise their over-allotment option in full), in each case, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. | |
| We intend to use the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering, together with the net proceeds from the Common Stock Offering, to repay all outstanding indebtedness under the Hercules Loan and Security Agreement (as defined in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement), to fund market expansion studies for our TED franchise, and to advance the research and development of our earlier pipeline, as well as for working capital and other general corporate purposes. | ||
| See “Use of Proceeds” in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement. | ||
| CUSIP / ISIN: | CUSIP: 92790C AB0 / ISIN: US92790CAB00 | |
| Denominations / Multiple: | $1,000 / $1,000 | |
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| Initial Conversion Rate: | 40.5680 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes | |
| Initial Conversion Price: | Approximately $24.65 per share of Common Stock | |
| Conversion Premium: | Approximately 45% above the Public Offering Price per Share of Common Stock in the Common Stock Offering (as set forth below) | |
| Joint Book-Running Managers: | Jefferies LLC | |
| Leerink Partners LLC | ||
| Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC | ||
| Lead Manager: | LifeSci Capital LLC | |
| Listing: | None | |
Increase in Conversion Rate in Connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change
If a make-whole fundamental change occurs and the conversion date for the conversion of a Note occurs during the related make-whole fundamental change conversion period, then, subject to the provisions described in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate in Connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change,” the conversion rate applicable to such conversion will be increased by a number of shares of Common Stock (the “Additional Shares”) set forth in the table below corresponding (after interpolation as described below) to the make-whole fundamental change effective date and the stock price of such make-whole fundamental change:
| Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date |
Stock Price | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $17.00 | $20.00 | $24.65 | $28.00 | $32.04 | $50.00 | $75.00 | $115.00 | $175.00 | $250.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 11, 2026 |
18.2555 | 14.0405 | 9.8759 | 7.9025 | 6.1960 | 2.5968 | 1.0291 | 0.2819 | 0.0259 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2027 |
18.2555 | 14.0405 | 9.7343 | 7.6954 | 5.9516 | 2.3704 | 0.8895 | 0.2212 | 0.0094 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2028 |
18.2555 | 13.9910 | 9.4280 | 7.3268 | 5.5568 | 2.0578 | 0.7156 | 0.1570 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2029 |
18.2555 | 13.6615 | 8.8710 | 6.7171 | 4.9441 | 1.6370 | 0.5079 | 0.0910 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2030 |
18.2555 | 12.9875 | 7.9189 | 5.7296 | 3.9994 | 1.0914 | 0.2841 | 0.0344 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2031 |
18.2555 | 11.6790 | 6.1736 | 4.0061 | 2.4616 | 0.4480 | 0.0947 | 0.0041 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2032 |
18.2555 | 9.4320 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If such make-whole fundamental change effective date or stock price is not set forth in the table above, then:
| • | if such stock price is between two stock prices in the table above or the make-whole fundamental change effective date is between two dates in the table above, then the number of Additional Shares will be determined by straight-line interpolation between the numbers of Additional Shares set forth for the higher and lower stock prices in the table above or the earlier and later dates in the table above, based on a 365- or 366-day year, as applicable; and |
| • | if the stock price is greater than $250.00 (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table above are adjusted, as described in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate in Connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change—Adjustment of Stock Prices and Number of Additional Shares”), or less than $17.00 (subject to adjustment in the same manner), per share of our Common Stock, then no Additional Shares of our Common Stock will be added to the conversion rate. |
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in no event will the conversion rate be increased to an amount that exceeds 58.8235 shares of our Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which amount is subject to adjustment in the same manner as, and at the same time and for the same events for which, the conversion rate is required to be adjusted pursuant to the provisions described in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Conversion Rate Adjustments—Generally.”
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Common Stock Offering
| Securities: | 7,352,942 shares of Common Stock (or, if the underwriters of the Common Stock Offering fully exercise their option to purchase additional shares, 8,455,883 shares of Common Stock) | |
| Offering Size: | $125.0 million (or, if the underwriters of the Common Stock Offering fully exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Common Stock, $143.75 million) | |
| Public Offering Price per Share of Common Stock: | $17.00 | |
| Underwriting Discount per Share of Common Stock: | $1.02 per share of Common Stock and approximately $7.5 million in the aggregate (or approximately $8.625 million in the aggregate, if the underwriters of the Common Stock Offering fully exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Common Stock) | |
| Trade Date: | May 7, 2026 | |
| Settlement Date for the Common Stock Offering: | T+2; May 11, 2026 | |
| Under Rule 15c6-1 under the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade the Common Stock prior to the business day preceding the Settlement Date for the Common Stock Offering will be required, by virtue of the fact that the Common Stock initially will settle T+2, to specify an alternate settlement cycle at the time of any such trade to prevent a failed settlement. Purchasers of the Common Stock who wish to trade the Common Stock prior to the business day preceding the Settlement Date for the Common Stock Offering should consult their own advisors. | ||
| Use of Proceeds: | We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the Common Stock Offering will be approximately $117.0 million (or approximately $134.6 million if the underwriters of the Common Stock Offering exercise their option to purchase additional shares of our Common Stock in full), in each case, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. | |
| We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the Common Stock Offering, together with the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering, to repay all outstanding indebtedness under the Hercules Loan and Security Agreement (as defined in the Common Stock | ||
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| Preliminary Prospectus Supplement), to fund market expansion studies for our TED franchise, and to advance the research and development of our earlier pipeline, as well as for working capital and other general corporate purposes. | ||
| See “Use of Proceeds” in the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement. | ||
| Joint Book-Running Managers: | Jefferies LLC | |
| Leerink Partners LLC | ||
| Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC | ||
| Lead Managers: | LifeSci Capital LLC | |
| Wedbush Securities Inc. | ||
| CUSIP / ISIN Numbers for the Common Stock: | CUSIP: 92790C104 / ISIN: US92790C1045 | |
We have filed a registration statement (including a prospectus), the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement with the SEC for the offerings to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, as applicable, and the prospectus in that registration statement and other documents we have filed with the SEC for more complete information about us and these offerings. You may get these documents free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, we, any underwriter or any dealer participating in the applicable offering will arrange to send you the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, as applicable (or, when available, the applicable final prospectus supplement) and the accompanying prospectus upon request to: Jefferies LLC, Attention: Equity Syndicate Prospectus Department, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022, by telephone at (877) 821-7388 or by email at [email protected]; Leerink Partners LLC, Attention: Syndicate Department, 53 State Street, 40th Floor, Boston, MA 02109, or by telephone at (800) 808-7525 ext. 6105, or by email at [email protected]; or Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Attention: Prospectus Department, 200 West Street, New York, NY 10282 (Tel: 866-471-2526) or by e-mail at [email protected].
The information in this pricing term sheet is not a complete description of the Notes, the Convertible Notes Offering, the Common Stock or the Common Stock Offering. You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by this pricing term sheet, in making an investment decision with respect to the Notes or the Common Stock.
ANY DISCLAIMERS OR OTHER NOTICES THAT MAY APPEAR BELOW ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS COMMUNICATION AND SHOULD BE DISREGARDED. SUCH DISCLAIMERS OR OTHER NOTICES WERE AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED AS A RESULT OF THIS COMMUNICATION BEING SENT VIA BLOOMBERG OR ANOTHER EMAIL SYSTEM.
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Exhibit A
Form of Lock-up Agreement
Form of Lock-up Agreement
[ ], 2026
Jefferies LLC
Leerink Partners LLC Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
As Representatives of the Several Underwriters
c/o Jefferies LLC
520 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022
c/o Leerink Partners LLC
53 State Street, 40th Floor
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
200 West Street
New York, New York 10282
| RE: | Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) |
Ladies & Gentlemen:
The undersigned is an owner of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (“Shares”) or of securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares. The Company proposes to conduct a public offering of Shares (the “Equity Offering”) and/or a public offering of convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes” and, together with any Shares to be sold in the Equity Offering, the “Securities”) of the Company (the “Convertible Notes Offering” and, together with the Equity Offering, the “Offering(s)”), in each case for which Jefferies LLC, Leerink Partners LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC will act as the representatives of the underwriters (the “Representatives”). The undersigned recognizes that the Offering(s) will benefit each of the Company and the undersigned. The undersigned acknowledges that the underwriters are relying on the representations and agreements of the undersigned contained in this letter agreement in conducting the Offering(s) and, at a subsequent date, in entering into underwriting agreement(s) (the “Underwriting Agreement(s)”) and other underwriting arrangements with the Company with respect to the Offering(s).
Annex A sets forth definitions for capitalized terms used in this letter agreement that are not defined in the body of this letter agreement. Those definitions are a part of this letter agreement.
In consideration of the foregoing, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees that, during the Lock-up Period, the undersigned will not (and will cause any Family Member not to), without the prior written consent of the Representatives, which may withhold their consent in their sole discretion:
| • | Sell or Offer to Sell any Shares or Related Securities currently or hereafter owned either of record or beneficially (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by the undersigned or such Family Member, |
| • | enter into any Swap, |
| • | make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any Shares or Related Securities, or cause to be filed a registration statement, prospectus or prospectus supplement (or an amendment or supplement thereto) with respect to any such registration, or |
| • | publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing. |
The foregoing will not apply to the registration of the offer and sale of the Securities, and the sale of the Securities to the underwriters, in each case as contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement(s). In addition, notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may transfer any of the Shares or Related Securities:
| (i) | as a bona fide gift or gifts or charitable contribution(s); |
| (ii) | to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family member of the undersigned; |
| (iii) | if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity (1) to another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is a direct or indirect affiliate (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act) of the undersigned or (2) as distributions of Shares or Related Securities to limited partners, limited liability company members or stockholders of the undersigned or holders of similar equity interests in the undersigned; |
| (iv) | if the undersigned is a trust, to the beneficiary of such trust; |
| (v) | by testate succession or intestate succession; |
| (vi) | to any immediate family member, any investment fund, family partnership, family limited liability company or other entity controlled or managed by the undersigned; |
| (vii) | to a nominee or custodian of a person or entity to whom a disposition or transfer would be permissible under clauses (i) through (vi); |
| (viii) | to the Company in a transaction exempt from Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act upon a vesting event of the Shares or Related Securities or upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Shares on a “cashless” or “net exercise” basis or to cover tax withholding obligations of the undersigned in connection with such vesting or exercise (but for the avoidance of doubt, excluding all manners of exercise that would involve a sale in the open market of any securities relating to such options or warrants, whether to cover the applicable aggregate exercise price, withholding tax obligations or otherwise); |
| (ix) | acquired by the undersigned in open market transactions after the date hereof; |
| (x) | pursuant to a bona fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction made to all holders of the Company’s capital stock involving a change of control of the Company, provided that in the event that such tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the Shares or Related Securities shall remain subject to the restrictions contained in this letter agreement; |
| (xi) | pursuant to any contract, instruction or plan (a “Trading Plan”) that satisfies all of the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(i)(B) under the Exchange Act and has been entered into by the undersigned prior to the date of this letter agreement, provided, that (i) the existence of such Trading Plan was communicated to the Representatives and such Trading Plan will not be amended or otherwise modified during the Lock-Up Period in any manner that would be considered the termination of such Trading Plan, and the adoption of a new Trading Plan within the meaning of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(iv), (ii) any filing under the Exchange Act shall include a statement to the effect that the sale or transfer was made pursuant to a Trading Plan adopted prior to the earliest date of the Underwriting Agreement(s) and (iii) no other filing or public announcement shall be made voluntarily in connection with such sale or transfer; or |
| (xii) | by operation of law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement or any other court order; |
provided, in the case of clauses (i)-(vii) and clause (xii), that (A) such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value and (B) the transferee agrees in writing with the Company to be bound by the terms of this letter agreement; provided, further, in the case of clauses (ii)-(viii), no public announcement or filing by any party under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transfer other than, in the case of clause (viii), a filing on a Form 4 that reports such disposition under the transaction code “F,” in which case the filing or announcement shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto or comments section thereof that the filing relates to a vesting event for Shares or Related Securities or the exercise of a stock option or warrant, as the case may be, that no Shares were sold by the reporting person and that the Shares received upon such vesting event or upon the exercise of the stock option or warrant are subject to a lock-up agreement with the underwriters of the Offering(s); and provided, further, in the case of clause (ix), no public announcement or filing by any party under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transaction.
In addition, the foregoing restrictions shall not apply to:
| (i) | the exercise of stock options granted pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans described in the registration statement relating to the Offering(s) (but for the avoidance of doubt, excluding all manners of exercise that would involve a sale in the open market of any securities relating to such options, whether to cover the applicable aggregate exercise price, withholding tax obligations or otherwise); provided that the foregoing restrictions shall apply to any of the securities issued upon such exercise; or |
| (ii) | conversion or exercise of warrants or any other securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares into Shares or into any other security convertible into or exercisable for Shares that are outstanding as of the date hereof and described in the registration statement relating to the Offering(s) (but for the avoidance of doubt, excluding all manners of conversion or exercise that would involve a sale in the open market of any securities relating to such warrants, whether to cover the applicable aggregate exercise price, withholding tax obligations or otherwise); provided, that the foregoing restrictions shall apply to any of the Shares issued upon such conversion or exercise; or |
| (iii) | the establishment of a Trading Plan provided that no sales of Shares or Related Securities shall be made pursuant to such a Trading Plan prior to the expiration of the applicable Lock-Up Period, and any public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act made by the undersigned, the Company or any other person regarding the establishment of such a Trading Plan during the Lock-up Period shall include a statement that the undersigned is not permitted to transfer, sell or otherwise dispose of Shares and/or Related Securities under such plan during the Lock-up Period in contravention of this letter agreement; |
provided, further, in the case of clauses (i)-(ii) of this paragraph, no public announcement or filing by any party under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such exercise or conversion.
The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of Shares or Related Securities held by the undersigned and the undersigned’s Family Members, if any, except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.
With respect to the Offering(s) only, the undersigned waives any registration rights relating to registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any Shares and/or any Related Securities owned either of record or beneficially by the undersigned, including any rights to receive notice of the Offering(s).
The undersigned confirms that the undersigned has not, and has no knowledge that any Family Member has, directly or indirectly, taken any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale of the Securities. The undersigned will not, and will cause any Family Member not to take, directly or indirectly, any such action.
The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the underwriters have not provided any recommendation or investment advice nor have the underwriters solicited any action from the undersigned with respect to the Offering(s) and the undersigned has consulted their own legal, accounting, financial, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent deemed appropriate. The undersigned further acknowledges and agrees that, although the Representatives and underwriters may be required or choose to provide certain Regulation Best Interest and Form CRS disclosures to the undersigned in connection with the Offering(s), the Representatives and the other underwriters are not making a recommendation to the undersigned to enter into this letter agreement and nothing set forth in such disclosures is intended to suggest that the Representatives or any underwriter is making such a recommendation.
Whether or not the Offering(s) occur as currently contemplated or at all depends on market conditions and other factors. The Offering(s) will only be made pursuant to the respective Underwriting Agreement(s), the terms of which are subject to negotiation between the Company and the underwriters.
The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power, capacity and authority to enter into this letter agreement. This letter agreement is irrevocable and will be binding on the undersigned and the successors, heirs, personal representatives and assigns of the undersigned. This letter agreement will automatically terminate upon the earliest to occur, if any, of (a) the date the Company advises the Representatives in writing, prior to the execution of any Underwriting Agreement, that it has determined not to proceed with the Offering(s), (b) the date of the termination of the Underwriting Agreements (or, if only one Underwriting Agreement becomes effective, such Underwriting Agreement) if prior to the closing of the sale of the Securities to be sold thereunder to the underwriters and (c) June 30, 2026 if no Underwriting Agreement has been executed and delivered by the Company by such date.
This letter agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.
This letter agreement may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.
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| Signature |
| Printed Name of Person Signing |
| (Indicate capacity of person signing if signing as custodian or trustee, or on behalf of an entity) |
Certain Defined Terms
Used in Lock-up Agreement
For purposes of the letter agreement to which this Annex A is attached and of which it is made a part:
| • | “Call Equivalent Position” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act. |
| • | “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
| • | “Family Member” shall mean the spouse of the undersigned, an immediate family member of the undersigned or an immediate family member of the undersigned’s spouse, in each case living in the undersigned’s household or whose principal residence is the undersigned’s household (regardless of whether such spouse or family member may at the time be living elsewhere due to educational activities, health care treatment, military service, temporary internship or employment or otherwise). “Immediate family member” as used above shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(e) under the Exchange Act. |
| • | “Lock-up Period” shall mean the period beginning on the date hereof and continuing through the close of trading on the date that is 60 days after the date of the Prospectus (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement). |
| • | “Put Equivalent Position” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act. |
| • | “Related Securities” shall mean any options or warrants or other rights to acquire Shares or any securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Shares, or to acquire other securities or rights ultimately exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Shares. |
| • | “Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
| • | “Sell or Offer to Sell” shall mean to: |
| • | sell, offer to sell, contract to sell or lend, |
| • | effect any short sale or establish or increase a Put Equivalent Position or liquidate or decrease any Call Equivalent Position |
| • | pledge, hypothecate or grant any security interest in, or |
| • | in any other way transfer or dispose of, |
in each case whether effected directly or indirectly.
| • | “Swap” shall mean any swap, hedge or similar arrangement or agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic risk of ownership of Shares or Related Securities, regardless of whether any such transaction is to be settled in securities, in cash or otherwise. |
Capitalized terms not defined in this Annex A shall have the meanings given to them in the body of this lock-up agreement.
Exhibit B
Directors, Officers and Others Signing Lock-up Agreement
Directors:
Jeffrey Ajer
Christopher Cain
Sarah Gheuens
Tomas Kiselak Arlene Morris
Jennifer K. Moses
Officers:
Thomas Beetham
Seth Harmon
Stephen Mahoney
Jennifer Tousignant
Radhika Tripuraneni
Others:
Fairmount Healthcare Fund II LP
Exhibit 1.2
$225,000,000 1.750% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2032
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
May 6, 2026
JEFFERIES LLC
LEERINK PARTNERS LLC
GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC
As Representatives of the several Underwriters
c/o JEFFERIES LLC
520 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022
c/o LEERINK PARTNERS LLC
53 State Street, 40th Floor
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
c/o GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC
200 West Street
New York, New York 10282
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Introductory. Viridian Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule A (the “Underwriters”) $225,000,000 principal amount of 1.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 of the Company (the “Firm Securities”). In addition, the Company has granted to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional $25,000,000 principal amount of Securities as provided in Section 2 (the “Optional Securities”). The Firm Securities and, if and to the extent such option is exercised, the Optional Securities are collectively called the “Offered Securities.” Jefferies LLC, Leerink Partners LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC have agreed to act as representatives of the several Underwriters (in such capacity, the “Representatives”) in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Securities. The Offered Securities will be convertible into cash, shares (the “Underlying Securities”) of common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), or a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, at the Company’s election, in accordance with the terms of the Offered Securities and the Indenture (as defined below). The Offered Securities will be issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Base Indenture”), as supplemented by a supplemental indenture (the Base Indenture, as so supplemented, the “Indenture”), in each case, to be dated as of the First Closing Date (as hereinafter defined), between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). To the extent there are no additional underwriters listed on Schedule A, the term “Representatives” as used herein shall mean you, as Underwriters, and the term “Underwriters” shall mean either the singular or the plural, as the context requires.
The Company is, substantially concurrently with the offering of the Offered Securities, publicly offering shares of Common Stock (the “Common Shares”) pursuant to a separate underwriting agreement (the “Equity Underwriting Agreement”) and separate prospectus supplement, subject to customary closing conditions (such offering, the “Equity Offering”). The offering of the Offered Securities is not contingent upon the completion of the Equity Offering, the Equity Offering is not contingent upon the completion of the offering of the Offered Securities, and no Common Shares are being offered together with the Offered Securities.
The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, File No. 333-290056, including a base prospectus (the “Base Prospectus”) to be used in connection with the public offering and sale of the Offered Securities. Such registration statement, as amended, including the financial statements, exhibits and schedules thereto, in the form in which it became effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “Securities Act”), including all documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein and any information deemed to be a part thereof at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A or 430B under the Securities Act, is called the “Registration Statement.” Any registration statement filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Securities is called the “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement,” and from and after the date and time of filing of any such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement the term “Registration Statement” shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. The preliminary prospectus supplement dated May 5, 2026 describing the Offered Securities and the offering thereof (the “Preliminary Prospectus Supplement”), together with the Base Prospectus, is called the “Preliminary Prospectus,” and the Preliminary Prospectus and any other prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus in preliminary form that describes the Offered Securities and the offering thereof and is used prior to the filing of the Prospectus (as defined below), together with the Base Prospectus, is called a “preliminary prospectus.” As used herein, the term “Prospectus” shall mean the final prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus that describes the Offered Securities and the offering thereof (the “Final Prospectus Supplement”), together with the Base Prospectus, in the form first used by the Underwriters to confirm sales of the Offered Securities or in the form first made available to the Underwriters by the Company to meet requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act. References herein to the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus shall refer to both the prospectus supplement and the Base Prospectus components of such prospectus. As used herein, “Applicable Time” is 5:40 p.m. (New York City time) on May 6, 2026. As used herein, “free writing prospectus” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, and “Time of Sale Prospectus” means the Preliminary Prospectus, as amended or supplemented immediately prior to the Applicable Time, together with the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule B hereto and the pricing term sheet set forth in Schedule C hereto. As used herein, “Road Show” means a “road show” (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act) relating to the offering of the Offered Securities contemplated hereby that is a “written communication” (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act). “Marketing Materials” means any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Offered Securities, including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically).
All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus shall include the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which are “contained,” “included” or “stated” in, or “part of” the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, and all other references of like import, shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be. All references in this
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Agreement to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to mean and include the filing of any document under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “Exchange Act”) that is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, or the Prospectus, as the case may be. All references in this Agreement to (i) the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus, any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, or any free writing prospectus, shall include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (“EDGAR”) and (ii) the Prospectus shall be deemed to include any “electronic Prospectus” (as defined below) provided for use in connection with the offering of the Offered Securities as contemplated by Section 3(o) of this Agreement.
The Company hereby confirms its agreements with the Underwriters as follows:
Section 1. Representations and Warranties.
The Company hereby represents, warrants and covenants to each Underwriter, as of the date of this Agreement, as of the First Closing Date and as of each Option Closing Date (as hereinafter defined), if any, as follows:
(a) Compliance with Registration Requirements. The Registration Statement has become effective under the Securities Act. The Company has complied, to the Commission’s satisfaction, with all requests of the Commission for additional or supplemental information, if any. The Registration Statement is an “automatic shelf registration statement” as defined under Rule 405 of the Securities Act that has been filed with the Commission not earlier than three years prior to the date hereof. No order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of any preliminary prospectus is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission. At the time the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “Annual Report”) was filed with the Commission, or, if later, at the time the Registration Statement was originally filed with the Commission, the Company met the then-applicable requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act specified in FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(B)(7)(C)(i). The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, at the time they were or hereafter are filed with the Commission, or became effective under the Exchange Act, as the case may be, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act.
(b) Disclosure. Each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus when filed complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and, if filed by electronic transmission pursuant to EDGAR, was identical (except as may be permitted by Regulation S-T under the Securities Act) to the copy thereof delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Securities. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became or becomes effective, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “Trust Indenture Act”), and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. As of the Applicable Time, the Time of Sale Prospectus did not, and at the First Closing Date (as defined in Section 2) and at each applicable Option Closing Date (as defined in Section 2), will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Prospectus, as of its
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date, did not, and at the First Closing Date and at each applicable Option Closing Date, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in the three immediately preceding sentences do not apply to (i) that part of the Registration Statement that constitutes the Statement of Eligibility and Qualification (Form T-1) of the Trustee under the Trust Indenture Act or (ii) statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus or the Time of Sale Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Representatives expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information consists of the information described in Section 9(b) below. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement which have not been described or filed as required. The statements set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Description of Notes” and “Description of Capital Stock” insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Offered Securities, the Indenture and the Common Stock, as applicable, are accurate, complete and fair in all material respects.
(c) Free Writing Prospectuses; Road Show. As of the determination date referenced in Rule 164(h) under the Securities Act, the Company was not, is not and will not be (as applicable) an “ineligible issuer” in connection with the offering of the Offered Securities pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the Securities Act. Each free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or on behalf of or used or referred to by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of Rule 433 under the Securities Act, including timely filing with the Commission, retention where required and legending, and each such free writing prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Offered Securities did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any preliminary prospectus unless such information has been superseded or modified as of such time. Except for the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule B, and electronic road shows, if any, furnished to you before first use, the Company has not prepared, used or referred to, and will not, without your prior written consent, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus. Each Road Show, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, did not, as of the Applicable Time, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(d) Distribution of Offering Material By the Company. Prior to the later of (i) the expiration or termination of the option granted to the several Underwriters in Section 2 and (ii) the completion of the Underwriters’ distribution of the Offered Securities, the Company has not distributed and will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Securities other than the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or any free writing prospectus reviewed and consented to by the Representatives, and the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified on Schedule B hereto.
(e) The Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
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(f) The Indenture. The Indenture has been duly authorized by the Company and, when duly executed and delivered in accordance with its terms by each of the parties thereto, will constitute a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles relating to enforceability (collectively, the “Enforceability Exceptions”), and the Indenture will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.
(g) Descriptions of the Underwriting Agreement, the Indenture and the Offered Securities. This Agreement, the Indenture and the Offered Securities (the “Transaction Documents”) each conforms (or will conform) in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(h) Authorization of the Offered Securities. The Offered Securities have been duly authorized by the Company for issuance and sale pursuant to this Agreement and, when duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered as provided in the Indenture against payment therefor pursuant to this Agreement, will be duly and validly issued and outstanding and will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to the Enforceability Exceptions, and will be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.
(i) The Maximum Number of Underlying Securities. Upon issuance and delivery of the Offered Securities in accordance with this Agreement and the Indenture, the Offered Securities will be convertible at the option of the holder thereof into cash, Underlying Securities, or a combination of cash and Underlying Securities, at the Company’s election in accordance with the terms of the Offered Securities and the Indenture. A number of Underlying Securities equal to the product of (x) the number of Offered Securities (assuming the Underwriters exercise their option to purchase Optional Securities in full) and (y) the conversion rate for the Offered Securities (assuming the maximum increase to such conversion rate for a conversion of Offered Securities in connection with a “make-whole fundamental change”) (the “Maximum Number of Underlying Securities”) have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance upon any conversions of the Offered Securities in accordance with the terms of the Offered Securities and the Indenture by the Company by all necessary corporate action and such Maximum Number of Underlying Securities, if and when issued upon any conversion of the Offered Securities in accordance with the terms of the Offered Securities and the Indenture, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; no holder of such Underlying Securities will be subject to personal liability by reason of being such a holder; and the issuance of such Underlying Securities upon any such conversion will not be subject to the preemptive or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Company.
(j) No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights. There are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as have been duly waived.
(k) No Material Adverse Change. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus: (i) there has been no material adverse change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, properties, operations, assets, liabilities or prospects, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, or on the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Transaction Documents (any such change being referred to herein as a “Material Adverse Change”); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, have not incurred any
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material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent, including without limitation any losses or interference with their business from fire, explosion, flood, earthquakes, accident or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any strike, labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, that are material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, and have not entered into any transactions not in the ordinary course of business that are material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company; and (iii) there has not been any material decrease in the capital stock or any material increase in any short-term or long-term indebtedness of the Company or its subsidiaries and there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company or, except for dividends paid to the Company or other subsidiaries, by any of the Company’s subsidiaries on any class of capital stock, or any repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any class of capital stock.
(l) Independent Accountants. KPMG LLP, which has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement includes the related notes thereto) or reviewed the financial statements, each as filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, is (i) an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, and the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), (ii) in compliance with the applicable requirements relating to the qualification of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act; (iii) a registered public accounting firm as defined by the PCAOB whose registration has not been suspended or revoked and who has not requested such registration to be withdrawn and (iv) to the Company’s knowledge, KPMG LLP is not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, with respect to the Company.
(m) Financial Statements. The financial statements filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the periods specified. Such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus. The financial data included in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus fairly present in all material respects the information set forth therein on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. To the Company’s knowledge, no person who has been suspended or barred from being associated with a registered public accounting firm, or who has failed to comply with any sanction pursuant to Rule 5300 promulgated by the PCAOB, has participated in or otherwise aided the preparation of, or audited, the financial statements, supporting schedules or other financial data filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(n) Company’s Accounting System. The Company and each of its subsidiaries make and keep accurate books and records and maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is
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taken with respect to any differences; and (v) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.
(o) Disclosure Controls and Procedures; Deficiencies in or Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act), which (i) are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and its Principal Financial Officer by others within those entities, particularly during the periods in which the periodic reports required under the Exchange Act are being prepared; (ii) have been evaluated by management of the Company for effectiveness as of the end of the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter; and (iii) are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which they were established. Since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there have been no significant deficiencies or material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company is not aware of any change in its internal control over financial reporting that has occurred during its most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
(p) Incorporation and Good Standing of the Company. The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has the corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under each of the Transaction Documents. The Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business.
(q) Subsidiaries. Each of the Company’s “subsidiaries” (for purposes of this Agreement, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) has been duly incorporated or organized, as the case may be, and is validly existing as a corporation, partnership or limited liability company, as applicable, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization and has the power and authority (corporate or other) to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. Each of the Company’s subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation, partnership or limited liability company, as applicable, to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business. All of the issued and outstanding capital stock or other equity or ownership interests of each of the Company’s subsidiaries have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or adverse claim. None of the outstanding capital stock or equity interest in any subsidiary was issued in violation of preemptive or similar rights of any security holder of such subsidiary. The constitutive or organizational documents of each of the subsidiaries comply in all material respects with the requirements of applicable laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization and are in full force and effect. The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
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(r) Capitalization and Other Capital Stock Matters. The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Capitalization” (other than for subsequent issuances, if any, pursuant to employee benefit plans, or upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, in each case as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus). The preferred stock of the Company and the Common Stock conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Time of Sale Prospectus. All of the issued and outstanding Common Stock has been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws. All of the issued and outstanding preferred stock of the Company has been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws. None of the outstanding capital stock of the Company was issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. There are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than those described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. The descriptions of the Company’s stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus accurately and fairly presents the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.
(s) Stock Options. With respect to the stock options (the “Stock Options”) granted pursuant to the stock-based compensation plans of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company Stock Plans”), (i) each Stock Option intended to qualify as an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Code (as defined below) so qualifies, (ii) each grant of a Stock Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Stock Option was by its terms to be effective by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required stockholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto, (iii) each such grant was made in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Plans, the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, including the rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) and any other exchange on which Company securities are traded, and (iv) each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company and disclosed in the Company’s filings with the Commission in accordance with the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no policy or practice of the Company of granting, Stock Options prior to, or otherwise coordinating the grant of Stock Options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its subsidiaries or their results of operations or prospects.
(t) Stock Exchange Listing. The shares of Common Stock are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act and are listed on Nasdaq, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the shares of Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the shares of Common Stock from Nasdaq, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. To the Company’s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of Nasdaq.
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(u) Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of its charter or by-laws, partnership agreement or operating agreement or similar organizational documents, as applicable, or is in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) (“Default”) under any indenture, loan, credit agreement, note, lease, license agreement, contract, franchise or other instrument (including, without limitation, any pledge agreement, security agreement, mortgage or other instrument or agreement evidencing, guaranteeing, securing or relating to indebtedness) to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of their respective properties or assets are subject (each, an “Existing Instrument”), except for such Defaults as could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company’s execution, delivery and performance of each of the Transaction Documents, consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby and by the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities, including the issuance and delivery of any Underlying Securities and/or the payment of any cash, in each case, due upon the conversion thereof (including the use of proceeds from the sale of the Offered Securities as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Use of Proceeds”) (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws, partnership agreement or operating agreement or similar organizational documents, as applicable, of the Company or any subsidiary, (ii) will not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default or a Debt Repayment Triggering Event (as defined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, or require the consent of any other party to, any Existing Instrument or the Base Indenture and (iii) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court decree applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries; except for such conflicts, breaches, Defaults or Debt Repayment Triggering Events or liens, charges, encumbrances or violations specified in subsection (ii) and (iii) above that could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, is required for the Company’s execution, delivery and performance of each of the Transaction Documents and consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby and by the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, except (a) such as have been obtained or made by the Company and are in full force and effect under the Securities Act and (b) for the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act and such as may be required under applicable state securities or blue sky laws and foreign securities laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Offered Securities by the Underwriters or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). As used herein, a “Debt Repayment Triggering Event” means any event or condition which gives, or with the giving of notice or lapse of time would give, the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
(v) Compliance with Laws. The Company and its subsidiaries have been and are in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, except where failure to be so in compliance could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change.
(w) No Material Actions or Proceedings. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation brought by or before any governmental entity now pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries, which could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change. No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or with the employees of any principal supplier, manufacturer, customer or contractor of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened or imminent. There are no statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus that are not so filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
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(x) Intellectual Property Rights. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries own, or have obtained valid and enforceable licenses for, the inventions, patent applications, patents, trademarks, trade names, service names, copyrights, trade secrets and other intellectual property described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus as being owned or licensed by them or which are necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as currently conducted or as currently proposed to be conducted (collectively, “Intellectual Property”). To the Company’s knowledge: (i) there are no third parties who have rights to any Intellectual Property, except for (A) customary reversionary rights of third-party licensors with respect to Intellectual Property that is disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus as licensed to the Company or one or more of its subsidiaries and (B) Intellectual Property that has been out-licensed to a third party as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; and (ii) there is no infringement by third parties of any Intellectual Property. There is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others: (A) challenging the Company’s rights in or to any Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim; (B) challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of any Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim; or (C) asserting that the Company or any of its subsidiaries infringes or otherwise violates, or would, upon the commercialization of any product or service described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus as under development, infringe or violate, any patent, trademark, trade name, service name, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary rights of others, and except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim. The Company and its subsidiaries have complied with the terms of each agreement pursuant to which Intellectual Property has been licensed to the Company or any subsidiary, and all such agreements are in full force and effect. To the Company’s knowledge, there are no material defects in any of the patents or patent applications included in the Intellectual Property. The Company and its subsidiaries have taken all reasonable steps to protect, maintain and safeguard their Intellectual Property, including the execution of appropriate nondisclosure, confidentiality agreements and invention assignment agreements and invention assignments with their employees, and no employee of the Company is in or has been in violation of any term of any employment contract, patent disclosure agreement, invention assignment agreement, non-competition agreement, non-solicitation agreement, nondisclosure agreement, or any restrictive covenant to or with a former employer where the basis of such violation relates to such employee’s employment with the Company. The duty of candor and good faith as required by the United States Patent and Trademark Office during the prosecution of the United States patents and patent applications included in the Intellectual Property have been complied with; and in all foreign offices having similar requirements, all such requirements have been complied with. None of the Company owned Intellectual Property or technology (including information technology and outsourced arrangements) employed by the Company or its subsidiaries has been obtained or is being used by the Company or its subsidiary in violation of any contractual obligation binding on the Company or its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors or employees or otherwise in violation of the rights of any persons. The product candidates described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus as under development by the Company or any subsidiary fall within the scope of the claims of one or more patents owned by, or exclusively licensed to, the Company or any subsidiary.
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(y) All Necessary Permits, etc. The Company and its subsidiaries possess such valid and current certificates, authorizations or permits required by state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (“Permits”), except where any failures to possess could not reasonably be expected to, singularly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of, or in default under, any of the Permits or has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such certificate, authorization or permit, except as would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.
(z) Title to Properties. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all of the real and personal property and other assets reflected as owned in the financial statements referred to in Section 1(m) above (or elsewhere in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus), in each case free and clear of any security interests, mortgages, liens, encumbrances, equities, adverse claims and other defects, except such as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change. The real property, improvements, equipment and personal property held under lease by the Company or any of its subsidiaries are held under valid and enforceable leases, with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such real property, improvements, equipment or personal property by the Company or such subsidiary.
(aa) Tax Law Compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all federal, state and foreign income and franchise tax returns required to be filed by any of them or have properly requested extensions thereof and have paid all taxes required to be paid by any of them and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment, fine or penalty levied against any of them except as may be being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings. The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and reserves in the applicable financial statements referred to in Section 1(m) above in respect of all federal, state and foreign income and franchise taxes for all periods as to which the tax liability of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has not been finally determined.
(bb) Insurance. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries are insured by recognized, financially sound and reputable institutions with policies in such amounts and with such deductibles and covering such risks as the Company reasonably believes are generally deemed adequate and customary for their businesses including, but not limited to, policies covering real and personal property owned or leased by the Company and its subsidiaries against theft, damage, destruction, acts of vandalism and earthquakes and policies covering the Company and its subsidiaries for product liability claims and clinical trial liability claims. The Company has no reason to believe that it or any of its subsidiaries will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been denied any insurance coverage which it has sought or for which it has applied.
(cc) Compliance with Environmental Laws. Except as could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change: (i) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or rule of common law or any judicial or administrative interpretation thereof, including any judicial or administrative order, consent, decree or judgment, relating to pollution or protection of human health, the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to the release or threatened release of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum products (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) or to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous
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Materials (collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries have all permits, authorizations and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in compliance with their requirements; (iii) there are no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigation or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Company or any of its subsidiaries; and (iv) to the knowledge of the Company, there are no events or circumstances that might reasonably be expected to form the basis of an order for clean-up or remediation, or an action, suit or proceeding by any private party or governmental body or agency, against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries relating to Hazardous Materials or any Environmental Laws.
(dd) ERISA Compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries and any “employee benefit plan” (as defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (collectively, “ERISA”)) established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or their “ERISA Affiliates” (as defined below) are in compliance in all material respects with ERISA. “ERISA Affiliate” means, with respect to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, any member of any group of organizations described in Sections 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the “Code”) of which the Company or such subsidiary is a member. Except as could not be reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change, no “reportable event” (as defined under ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates. No “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates, if such “employee benefit plan” were terminated, would have any “amount of unfunded benefit liabilities” (as defined under ERISA). Neither the Company, its subsidiaries nor any of their ERISA Affiliates has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any “employee benefit plan” or (ii) Sections 412, 4971, 4975 or 4980B of the Code. Each employee benefit plan established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and nothing has occurred, whether by action or failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification.
(ee) Company Not an “Investment Company.” The Company is not, and will not be, either after receipt of payment for the Offered Securities and for the Common Shares in the concurrent Equity Offering or after the application of the proceeds therefrom as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, required to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).
(ff) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Offered Securities or of any “reference security” (as defined in Rule 100 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act (“Regulation M”)) with respect to the Offered Securities, whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Securities or otherwise, and has taken no action which would directly or indirectly violate Regulation M.
(gg) Related-Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus that have not been described as required.
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(hh) FINRA Matters. All of the information provided to the Underwriters or to counsel for the Underwriters by the Company, its counsel, its officers and directors and the holders of any securities (debt or equity) or options to acquire any securities of the Company in connection with the offering of the Offered Securities is true, complete and correct in all material respects and compliant with FINRA’s rules and any letters, filings or other supplemental information provided to FINRA pursuant to FINRA Rules or NASD Conduct Rules is true, complete and correct.
(ii) Parties to Lock-Up Agreements. The Company has furnished to the Underwriters a letter agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Lock-up Agreement”) from each of the persons listed on Exhibit B. Such Exhibit B lists under an appropriate caption the directors, officers and certain stockholders of the Company. If any additional persons shall become directors or officers of the Company prior to the end of the Lock-up Period (as defined below), the Company shall cause each such person, prior to or contemporaneously with their appointment or election as a director or officer of the Company, to execute and deliver to the Representatives a Lock-up Agreement.
(jj) Statistical and Market-Related Data. All statistical, demographic and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes, after reasonable inquiry, to be reliable and accurate. To the extent required, the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources.
(kk) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There is, and has been, no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any applicable provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.
(ll) No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or any subsidiary, has made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state or foreign office in violation of any applicable law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus.
(mm) Anti-Corruption and Anti-Bribery Laws. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has, in the course of its actions for, or on behalf of, the Company or any of its subsidiaries (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken any act in furtherance of an offer, promise, or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or public international organization, or any political party, party official, or candidate for political office; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”), the UK Bribery Act 2010, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or (iv) made, offered, authorized, requested, or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment or benefit. The Company and its subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s affiliates have conducted their respective businesses in compliance with the FCPA and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith.
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(nn) Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are, and have been conducted at all times, in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar applicable rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.
(oo) Sanctions. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, after due inquiry, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury of the United Kingdom, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”); nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or the target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic (each, a “Sanctioned Country”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of this offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, or any joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of or business with any person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of such financing, is the subject or the target of Sanctions or in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of applicable Sanctions. Since April 24, 2019, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.
(pp) Brokers. Except pursuant to this Agreement, there is no broker, finder or other party that is entitled to receive from the Company any brokerage or finder’s fee or other fee or commission as a result of any transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(qq) Forward-Looking Statements. Each financial or operational projection or other “forward-looking statement” (as defined by Section 27A of the Securities Act or Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (i) was so included by the Company in good faith and with reasonable basis after due consideration by the Company of the underlying assumptions, estimates and other applicable facts and circumstances and (ii) as required, is accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying those factors that could reasonably be expected to cause actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statement. No such statement was made with the knowledge of an executive officer or director of the Company that it was false or misleading.
(rr) No Outstanding Loans or Other Extensions of Credit. The Company does not have any outstanding extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan, to or for any director or executive officer (or equivalent thereof) of the Company except for such extensions of credit as are expressly permitted by Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act.
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(ss) Cybersecurity. The Company and its subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted and, to the Company’s knowledge, based on commercially reasonably security and monitoring, free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants. The Company and its subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable physical, technical and administrative controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data, including “Personal Data,” used in connection with their businesses. “Personal Data” means (i) a natural person’s name, street address, telephone number, e-mail address, photograph, social security number or tax identification number, driver’s license number, passport number, credit card number, bank information, or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify as “personally identifying information” under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; (iii) “personal data” as defined by GDPR (as defined below); (iv) any information which would qualify as “protected health information” under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (collectively, “HIPAA”); and (v) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or permits the collection or analysis of any data related to an identified person’s health or sexual orientation. To the Company’s knowledge, there have been no breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to same, except for those that have been remedied without material cost or liability or the duty to notify any other person, nor any incidents under internal review or investigations relating to the same. The Company and its subsidiaries are presently in material compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification.
(tt) Compliance with Data Privacy Laws. To the Company’s knowledge, the Company and its subsidiaries are, and at all prior times were, in material compliance with all applicable state and federal data privacy and security laws and regulations, including without limitation HIPAA, and the Company and its subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable actions to prepare to comply with, and since May 25, 2018, have been and currently are in compliance with, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (EU 2016/679) (collectively, the “Privacy Laws”). To ensure compliance with the Privacy Laws, the Company and its subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take appropriate steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling, and analysis of Personal Data. To the Company’s knowledge, the Company and its subsidiaries have at all times made all disclosures to users or customers required by applicable Privacy Laws, and none of such disclosures made or contained in any Policy have, to the knowledge of the Company, been inaccurate or in violation of any applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements in any material respect. The Company further certifies that neither it nor any subsidiary: (i) has received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any of the Privacy Laws, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) is currently conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation, or other corrective action pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement that imposes any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law.
(uu) Communications. The Company (i) has not alone engaged in communications with potential investors in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act and (ii) has not authorized anyone other than the Representatives to engage in such communications; the Company reconfirms that the Representatives have been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Marketing Materials.
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(vv) Clinical Data and Regulatory Compliance. The preclinical tests and clinical trials, and other studies (collectively, “studies”) that are described in, or the results of which are referred to in, the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus were and, if still pending, are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with the protocols, procedures and controls designed and approved for such studies and with standard medical and scientific research procedures and all applicable laws and regulations, including, without limitation, 21 C.F.R. Parts 50, 54, 56, 58, 312 and 812; each description of the results of such studies is accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly presents the data derived from such studies, and the Company and its subsidiaries have no knowledge of any other studies the results of which are inconsistent with, or otherwise call into question, the results described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus; the Company and its subsidiaries have made all such filings and obtained all such approvals as may be required by the Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or any committee thereof or from any other U.S. or foreign government or drug or medical device regulatory agency, or health care facility Institutional Review Board (collectively, the “Regulatory Agencies”), except as could not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of, or correspondence from, any Regulatory Agency requiring the termination, suspension or material modification of any clinical trials that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus; and the Company and its subsidiaries have each operated and currently are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable rules, regulations and policies of the Regulatory Agencies.
(ww) Compliance with Health Care Laws. The Company and its subsidiaries are, and at all times have been, in compliance in all material respects with all Health Care Laws. For purposes of this Agreement, “Health Care Laws” means: (i) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. Section 301 et seq.), the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. Section 201 et seq.), and the regulations promulgated thereunder; (ii) all applicable federal, state, local and all applicable foreign health care-related fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)), the Civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. Section 3729 et seq.), the criminal false statements law (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(a)), 18 U.S.C. Sections 286 and 287, the health care fraud criminal provisions under HIPAA (42 U.S.C. Section 1320d et seq.), the Stark Law (42 U.S.C. Section 1395nn), the civil monetary penalties law (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7a), the exclusion law (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7), the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (42 U.S.C. Section 1320-7h), and applicable laws governing government funded or sponsored healthcare programs; (iii) HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (42 U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.); (iv) the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010; (v) licensure, quality, safety and accreditation requirements under applicable federal, state, local or foreign laws or regulatory bodies; and (vi) all other local, state, federal, national, supranational and foreign laws, relating to the regulation of the Company or its subsidiaries, and (vii) the directives and regulations promulgated pursuant to such statutes and any state or non-U.S. counterpart thereof. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in violation of any Health Care Laws nor, to the Company’s knowledge, is any such claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action threatened. The Company and its subsidiaries have filed, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Health Care Laws, and, to the Company’s knowledge, all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and accurate on the date filed in all material respects (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission). Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, or similar agreements related to enforcement actions with or imposed by any governmental or regulatory authority. Additionally, neither the Company, any of its subsidiaries nor any of their respective employees, officers, directors, or agents has been excluded, suspended or debarred from participation in any U.S. federal health care program or human clinical research or, to the knowledge of the Company, is subject to a governmental inquiry, investigation, proceeding, or other similar action that could reasonably be expected to result in debarment, suspension, or exclusion.
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(xx) No Rights to Purchase Preferred Stock. The issuance and sale of the Offered Securities as contemplated hereby will not cause any holder of any shares of capital stock, securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for capital stock or options, warrants or other rights to purchase capital stock or any other securities of the Company to have any right to acquire any shares of preferred stock of the Company.
(yy) Margin Rules. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Offered Securities or the Maximum Number of Underlying Securities nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.
(zz) No Rated Securities. There are no debt securities or preferred stock of, or guaranteed by, the Company or any its subsidiaries that are rated by a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” as that term is used in Rule 15c3-1(c)(2)(vi)(F) under the Exchange Act.
(aaa) Status under the Securities Act. At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Offered Securities and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” and is a well-known seasoned issuer, in each case as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. The Company has paid the registration fee for this offering pursuant to Rule 456(b)(1) under the Securities Act or will pay such fee within the time period required by such rule (without giving effect to the proviso therein) and in any event prior to the First Closing Date.
Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries and delivered to any Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the offering, or the purchase and sale, of the Offered Securities shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.
The Company has a reasonable basis for making each of the representations set forth in this Section 1. The Company acknowledges that the Underwriters and, for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to Section 6 hereof, counsel to the Company and counsel to the Underwriters, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.
Section 2. Purchase, Sale and Delivery of the Offered Securities.
(a) The Firm Securities. Upon the terms herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell to the several Underwriters $225,000,000 aggregate principal amount of Firm Securities. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the respective principal amount of Firm Securities set forth opposite their names on Schedule A at a price equal to 97.00% of the principal amount thereof (the “Purchase Price”) plus accrued interest, if any, from May 11, 2026 to the First Closing Date.
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(b) The First Closing Date. Delivery of the Firm Securities to be purchased by the Underwriters and payment therefor shall be made at the offices of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP (or such other place as may be agreed to by the Company and the Representatives) at 10:00 a.m. New York City time, on May 11, 2026, or such other time and date not later than 1:30 p.m. New York City time, on May 26, 2026 as the Representatives shall designate by notice to the Company (the time and date of such closing are called the “First Closing Date”). The Company hereby acknowledges that circumstances under which the Representatives may provide notice to postpone the First Closing Date as originally scheduled include, but are not limited to, any determination by the Company or the Representatives to recirculate to the public copies of an amended or supplemented Prospectus or a delay as contemplated by the provisions of Section 11.
(c) The Optional Securities; Option Closing Date. In addition, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby grants an option to the several Underwriters to purchase, severally and not jointly, up to an additional $25,000,000 aggregate principal amount of Optional Securities from the Company at the Purchase Price plus accrued interest, if any, from May 11, 2026 to the Option Closing Date, or if such time and date of delivery of the Optional Securities occurs on the First Closing Date, then the First Closing Date. The option granted hereunder may be exercised at any time and from time to time in whole or in part upon notice by the Representatives to the Company, which notice may be given at any time within 30 days from the date of this Agreement, and may be exercised solely to cover over-allotments in the sale of the Firm Securities by the Underwriters. Such notice shall set forth (i) the aggregate principal amount of Optional Securities as to which the Underwriters are exercising the option plus accrued interest and (ii) the time, date and place at which the Optional Securities will be delivered (which time and date may be simultaneous with, but not earlier than, the First Closing Date; and in the event that such time and date are simultaneous with the First Closing Date, the term “First Closing Date” shall refer to the time and date of delivery of the Firm Securities and such Optional Securities). Any such time and date of delivery, if subsequent to the First Closing Date, is called an “Option Closing Date,” and shall be determined by the Representatives and shall not be earlier than two or later than five full business days after delivery of such notice of exercise. If any Optional Securities are to be purchased, each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase the principal amount of Optional Securities (subject to such adjustments to eliminate Optional Securities in denominations other than $1,000 as the Representatives may determine) that bears the same proportion to the aggregate principal amount of Optional Securities to be purchased as the principal amount of Firm Securities set forth on Schedule A opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the aggregate principal amount of Firm Securities. The Representatives may cancel the option at any time prior to its expiration by giving written notice of such cancellation to the Company.
(d) Public Offering of the Offered Securities. The Representatives hereby advise the Company that the Underwriters intend to offer for sale to the public, initially on the terms set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, their respective portions of the Offered Securities as soon after this Agreement has been executed as the Representatives, in their sole judgment, have determined is advisable and practicable.
(e) Payment for the Offered Securities. (i) Payment for the Offered Securities shall be made at the First Closing Date (and, if applicable, at each Option Closing Date) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the order of the Company.
(ii) It is understood that the Representatives have been authorized, for their own accounts and the accounts of the several Underwriters, to accept delivery of and receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Firm Securities and any Optional Securities the Underwriters have agreed to purchase. The Representatives may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment for any Offered Securities to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds shall not have been received by the Representatives by the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be, for the account of such Underwriter, but any such payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from any of its obligations under this Agreement.
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(f) Delivery of the Offered Securities. The Company shall deliver, or cause to be delivered to the nominee of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) for the Representatives for the accounts of the several Underwriters one or more global notes representing the Offered Securities (collectively, the “Global Notes”) at the First Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, as applicable, against release of a wire transfer of immediately available funds for the amount of the purchase price therefor. Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at the time and place specified in this Agreement is a further condition to the obligations of the Underwriters. The Global Notes will be made available for inspection by the Representatives at the office of Jefferies LLC set forth above not later than 1:00 p.m. New York City time, on the business day prior to the First Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, as the case may be.
Section 3. Additional Covenants of the Company.
The Company further covenants and agrees with each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Commission Filing Fees. The Company agrees to pay the required Commission filing fees relating to the Offered Securities within the time required by Rule 456(b)(1) under the Securities Act without regard to the proviso therein and otherwise in accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act.
(b) Delivery of Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus and Prospectus. The Company shall furnish to you in New York City, without charge, prior to 10:00 a.m. New York City time on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and during the period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Securities is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) in connection with sales of the Offered Securities, as many copies of the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus and any supplements and amendments thereto or to the Registration Statement as you may reasonably request.
(c) Representatives’ Review of Proposed Amendments and Supplements. During the period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Securities is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), the Company (i) will furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable period of time prior to the proposed time of filing of any proposed amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, a copy of each such amendment or supplement and (ii) will not amend or supplement the Registration Statement (including any amendment or supplement through incorporation of any report filed under the Exchange Act) without the Representatives’ prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). Prior to amending or supplementing any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (including any amendment or supplement through incorporation of any report filed under the Exchange Act), the Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the time of filing or use of the proposed amendment or supplement, a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement. The Company shall not file or use any such proposed amendment or supplement without the Representatives’ prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). The Company shall file with the Commission within the applicable period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act any prospectus required to be filed pursuant to such Rule.
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(d) Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the proposed time of filing or use thereof, a copy of each proposed free writing prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company, and the Company shall not file, use or refer to any proposed free writing prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto without the Representatives’ prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). The Company shall furnish to each Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by or referred to by the Company as such Underwriter may reasonably request. If at any time when a prospectus is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) in connection with sales of the Offered Securities (but in any event if at any time through and including the First Closing Date) there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at such time, not misleading, the Company shall promptly amend or supplement such free writing prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict so that the statements in such free writing prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at such time, not misleading, as the case may be; provided, however, that prior to amending or supplementing any such free writing prospectus, the Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the proposed time of filing or use thereof, a copy of such proposed amended or supplemented free writing prospectus, and the Company shall not file, use or refer to any such amended or supplemented free writing prospectus without the Representatives’ prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).
(e) Filing of Underwriter Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company shall not take any action that would result in an Underwriter or the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that such Underwriter otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.
(f) Amendments and Supplements to Time of Sale Prospectus. If the Time of Sale Prospectus is being used to solicit offers to buy the Offered Securities at a time when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, and any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the Time of Sale Prospectus does not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when delivered to a prospective purchaser, not misleading, or if any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Prospectus conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, or if, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus to comply with applicable law, the Company shall (subject to Section 3(c) and Section 3(d) hereof) promptly prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to any dealer upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the statements in the Time of Sale Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when delivered to a prospective purchaser, not misleading or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will no longer conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.
(g) Certain Notifications and Required Actions. After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall promptly advise the Representatives in writing of (which may be by email): (i) the receipt of any comments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission; (ii) the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus or the
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Prospectus; (iii) the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective; and (iv) the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus or the Prospectus, or of any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing or quotation the Common Stock from any securities exchange upon which they are listed for trading or included or designated for quotation, or of the threatening or initiation of any proceedings for any of such purposes. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order at any time, the Company will use its best efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with all applicable provisions of Rule 424(b), Rule 433 and Rule 430B under the Securities Act and will use its reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under Rule 424(b) or Rule 433 were received in a timely manner by the Commission. If, after the date of this Agreement and during any time when a prospectus is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), the Company receives notice pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the Securities Act from the Commission or otherwise ceases to be eligible to use the automatic shelf registration form, the Company shall promptly advise the Representatives in writing of such notice or ineligibility and will (i) promptly file a new registration statement or post-effective amendment on the proper form relating to the Offered Securities, (ii) use its reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement or post-effective amendment to be declared effective by the Commission as soon as practicable and (iii) promptly notify the Representatives in writing of such effectiveness.
(h) Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus and Other Securities Act Matters. If any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus so that the Prospectus does not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) to a purchaser, not misleading, or if in the opinion of the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters it is otherwise necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, the Company agrees (subject to Section 3(c) and Section 3(d)) hereof to promptly prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to any dealer upon request, amendments or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) to a purchaser, not misleading or so that the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law. Neither the Representatives’ consent to, nor delivery of, any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the Company’s obligations under Section 3(c) or Section 3(d).
(i) Blue Sky Compliance. The Company shall cooperate with the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters to qualify or register the Offered Securities for sale under (or obtain exemptions from the application of) the state securities or blue sky laws or Canadian provincial securities laws (or other foreign laws) of those jurisdictions designated by the Representatives, shall comply with such laws and shall continue such qualifications, registrations and exemptions in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Offered Securities. The Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to take any action that would subject it to general service of process in any such jurisdiction where it is not presently qualified or where it would be subject to taxation as a foreign corporation. The Company will advise the Representatives promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or any such exemption relating to) the Offered Securities for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.
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(j) Use of Proceeds. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Offered Securities sold by it in the manner described under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(k) Transfer Agent. The Company shall engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Common Stock.
(l) Earnings Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Representatives as soon as practicable an earnings statement (which need not be audited) covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company commencing after the date of this Agreement that will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
(m) Continued Compliance with Securities Laws. The Company will comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Offered Securities as contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Securities is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), file on a timely basis with the Commission and Nasdaq all reports and documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act.
(n) The Maximum Number of Underlying Securities. The Company will reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Maximum Number of Underlying Securities for purposes of settling conversions of the Offered Securities. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to effect and maintain the listing on Nasdaq of a number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Offered Securities equal to the Maximum Number of Underlying Securities.
(o) Company to Provide Copy of the Prospectus in Form That May be Downloaded from the Internet. If requested by the Representatives, the Company shall cause to be prepared and delivered, at its expense, within one business day from the effective date of this Agreement, to the Representatives an “electronic Prospectus” to be used by the Underwriters in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Securities. As used herein, the term “electronic Prospectus” means a form of Time of Sale Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, that meets each of the following conditions: (i) it shall be encoded in an electronic format, satisfactory to the Representatives, that may be transmitted electronically by the Representatives and the other Underwriters to offerees and purchasers of the Offered Securities; (ii) it shall disclose the same information as the paper Prospectus, except to the extent that graphic and image material cannot be disseminated electronically, in which case such graphic and image material shall be replaced in the electronic Prospectus with a fair and accurate narrative description or tabular representation of such material, as appropriate; and (iii) it shall be in or convertible into a paper format or an electronic format, satisfactory to the Representatives, that will allow investors to store and have continuously ready access to the Prospectus at any future time, without charge to investors (other than any fee charged for subscription to the Internet as a whole and for on-line time). The Company hereby confirms that it has included or will include in the Prospectus filed pursuant to EDGAR or otherwise with the Commission and in the Registration Statement at the time it was declared effective an undertaking that, upon receipt of a request by an investor or his or her representative, the Company shall transmit or cause to be transmitted promptly, without charge, a paper copy of the Prospectus.
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(p) Agreement Not to Offer or Sell Additional Securities. During the period commencing on and including the date hereof and continuing through and including the 60th day following the date of the Prospectus (such period being referred to herein as the “Lock-up Period”), the Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives (which consent may be withheld in their sole discretion), directly or indirectly: (i) sell, offer to sell, contract to sell or lend any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities (as defined below); (ii) effect any short sale, or establish or increase any “put equivalent position” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) or liquidate or decrease any “call equivalent position” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act) of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities; (iii) pledge, hypothecate or grant any security interest in any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities; (iv) in any other way transfer or dispose of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities; (v) enter into any swap, hedge or similar arrangement or agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic risk of ownership of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities, regardless of whether any such transaction is to be settled in securities, in cash or otherwise; (vi) announce the offering of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities; (vii) submit or file any registration statement under the Securities Act in respect of any shares of Common Stock or any Related Securities (other than as contemplated by this Agreement with respect to the Offered Securities); (viii) effect a reverse stock split, recapitalization, share consolidation, reclassification or similar transaction affecting the outstanding Common Stock or any shares of preferred stock; or (ix) publicly announce the intention to do any of the foregoing; provided, however, that the Company may (A) effect the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, (B) issue shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of any preferred stock of the Company outstanding on the date hereof and referred to in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, but only if the holders of such shares of Common Stock agree in writing with the Underwriters not to sell, offer, dispose of or otherwise transfer any such Common Stock or options during such Lock-up Period without the prior written consent of the Representatives (which consent may be withheld in their sole discretion), (C) effect the transactions contemplated by the Equity Underwriting Agreement, (D) issue shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Offered Securities, (E) issue shares of Common Stock, or options to purchase shares of Common Stock or issue shares of Common Stock upon exercise of options, pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan or arrangement described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, but only if the holders of such shares of Common Stock or options agree in writing with the Underwriters not to sell, offer, dispose of or otherwise transfer any such Common Stock or options during such Lock-up Period without the prior written consent of the Representatives (which consent may be withheld in their sole discretion) and (F) issue shares of Common Stock in connection with the Open Market Sale AgreementSM, between the Company and Jefferies LLC, dated as of March 3, 2025 (the “Sale Agreement”), provided that no sales shall be made under the Sale Agreement until the earlier of (x) the exercise in full by the Underwriters of their option to purchase the Optional Securities and (y) the 30th day following the date of the Prospectus. For purposes of the foregoing, “Related Securities” shall mean any options or warrants or other rights to acquire shares of Common Stock or any securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock, or to acquire other securities or rights ultimately exchangeable or exercisable for, or convertible into, shares of Common Stock.
(q) Future Reports to the Representatives. During the period of five years hereafter, the Company will furnish to the Representatives, c/o Jefferies LLC, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022 (fax: (646) 619-4437), Attention: General Counsel, c/o Leerink Partners LLC, 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor New York, New York 10019, Attention: Stuart R. Nayman and c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, Attention: Registration Department: (i) as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year, copies of the Annual Report of the Company containing the
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balance sheet of the Company as of the close of such fiscal year and statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended and the opinion thereon of the Company’s independent public or certified public accountants; (ii) as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, copies of each proxy statement, Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other report filed by the Company with the Commission, FINRA or any securities exchange; and (iii) as soon as available, copies of any report or communication of the Company furnished or made available generally to holders of its capital stock; provided, however, that the requirements of this Section 3(q) shall be satisfied to the extent that such reports, statement, communications, financial statements or other documents are available on EDGAR.
(r) Investment Limitation. The Company shall not invest or otherwise use the proceeds received by the Company from its sale of the Offered Securities in such a manner as would require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
(s) No Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. The Company will not take, and will ensure that no affiliate of the Company will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Offered Securities or any reference security with respect to the Offered Securities, whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Securities or otherwise, and the Company will, and shall cause each of its affiliates to, comply with all applicable provisions of Regulation M.
(t) Enforce Lock-Up Agreements. During the Lock-up Period, the Company will enforce all agreements between the Company and any of its securityholders that restrict or prohibit, expressly or in operation, the offer, sale or transfer of Common Stock or Related Securities or any of the other actions restricted or prohibited under the terms of the form of Lock-up Agreement. In addition, the Company will direct the transfer agent to place stop transfer restrictions upon any such securities of the Company that are bound by such “lock-up” agreements for the duration of the periods contemplated in such agreements, including, without limitation, “lock-up” agreements entered into by the Company’s officers, directors and securityholders pursuant to Section 6(i) hereof.
(u) Company to Provide Interim Financial Statements. Prior to the First Closing Date and each applicable Option Closing Date, the Company will furnish the Underwriters, as soon as they have been prepared by or are available to the Company, a copy of any unaudited interim financial statements of the Company for any period subsequent to the period covered by the most recent financial statements appearing in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
(v) DTC. The Company will assist the Underwriters in arranging for the Offered Securities to be eligible for clearance and settlement through DTC.
(w) Conversion Rate. No event has occurred that would, if the Offered Securities were outstanding, require an adjustment to the Conversion Rate (as defined in the Indenture) for the Offered Securities pursuant to the terms of the Indenture. During the period beginning from the date hereof and continuing until the latest Option Closing Date, the Company will not do or authorize any act or thing that would result in an adjustment of the Conversion Rate (as defined in the Indenture).
(x) Term Sheet. The Company will prepare a final term sheet relating to this offering of the Offered Securities and the Equity Offering in a form approved by the Representatives (as set forth in Schedule C hereto) and will file such term sheet pursuant to and within the time required by Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act.
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The Representatives, on behalf of the several Underwriters, may, in their sole discretion, waive in writing the performance by the Company of any one or more of the foregoing covenants or extend the time for their performance.
Section 4. Payment of Expenses. The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of its obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation (i) all expenses incident to the issuance and delivery of the Offered Securities (including all printing and engraving costs), (ii) all fees and expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Common Stock, (iii) all necessary issue, transfer, stamp and other similar taxes in connection with the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities to the Underwriters, (iv) all fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel, independent public or certified public accountants and other advisors, (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shipping and distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts), the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, each free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company, and each preliminary prospectus, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and the Transaction Documents, (vi) all filing fees, attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Underwriters in connection with qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Offered Securities for offer and sale under the state securities or blue sky laws or the provincial securities laws of Canada, and, if requested by the Representatives, preparing and printing a “Blue Sky Survey” or memorandum, advising the Underwriters of such qualifications, registrations and exemptions (including fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters up to $10,000), (vii) the costs fees and expenses incurred by the Underwriters in connection with determining their compliance with the rules and regulations of FINRA related to the Underwriters’ participation in the offering and distribution of the Offered Securities, including any related filing fees and the legal fees of, and disbursements by, counsel to the Underwriters (including fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters up to $15,000), (viii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any “road show”, including, without limitation, expenses associated with the preparation or dissemination of any electronic road show, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with the road show presentations with the prior approval of the Company, travel and lodging expenses of the Representatives, employees and officers of the Company and any such consultants, and the cost of any aircraft chartered in connection with the road show, (ix) the fees and expenses associated with listing a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Maximum Number of Underlying Securities on Nasdaq, (x) the fees and expenses of the Trustee and any paying agent (including related fees and expenses of any counsel to such parties); (xi) all expenses and application fees incurred in connection with the approval of the Offered Securities for book-entry transfer by DTC, (xii) if applicable, any fees charged by ratings agencies for the Offered Securities and (xiii) all other fees, costs and expenses of the nature referred to in Item 13 of Part II of the Registration Statement. Except as provided in this Section 4 or in Section 7, Section 9 or Section 10 hereof, the Underwriters shall pay their own expenses, including the fees and disbursements of their counsel.
Section 5. Covenant of the Underwriters. Each Underwriter severally and not jointly covenants with the Company not to take any action that would result in the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that otherwise would not, but for such actions, be required to be filed by the Company under Rule 433(d).
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Section 6. Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriters. The respective obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder to purchase and pay for the Offered Securities as provided herein on the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Securities, each Option Closing Date, shall be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company set forth in Section 1 hereof as of the date hereof and as of the First Closing Date as though then made and, with respect to the Optional Securities, as of each Option Closing Date as though then made, to the timely performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations under the Transaction Documents, and to each of the following additional conditions:
(a) Comfort Letter. On the date hereof, the Representatives shall have received from KPMG LLP, independent registered public accountants for the Company, a letter dated the date hereof addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountant’s “comfort letters” to underwriters, delivered according to Statement of Auditing Standards No. 72 (or any successor bulletin), with respect to the audited and unaudited financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, and each free writing prospectus, if any.
(b) Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from FINRA. For the period from and after the date of this Agreement and through and including the First Closing Date and, with respect to any Optional Securities purchased after the First Closing Date, each Option Closing Date:
(i) The Company shall have filed the Prospectus with the Commission (including the information previously omitted from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act) in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act; or the Company shall have filed a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement containing the information previously omitted from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B, and such post-effective amendment shall have become effective.
(ii) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceedings for such purpose shall have been instituted or threatened by the Commission.
(iii) If a filing has been made with FINRA, FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.
(c) No Material Adverse Change or Ratings Agency Change. For the period from and after the date of this Agreement and through and including the First Closing Date and, with respect to any Optional Securities purchased after the First Closing Date, each Option Closing Date:
(i) in the judgment of the Representatives there shall not have occurred any Material Adverse Change; and
(ii) there shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” as that term is used in Rule 15c3-1(c)(2)(vi)(F) under the Exchange Act.
(d) Opinion of Counsel for the Company. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Ropes & Gray LLP, counsel for the Company, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, dated as of such date, and to such further effect as the Representatives shall reasonably request.
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(e) Opinion of Intellectual Property Counsel for the Company. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, counsel for the Company with respect to intellectual property matters, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, dated as of such date, and to such further effect as the Representatives shall reasonably request.
(f) Opinions of Counsel for the Underwriters. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date the Representatives shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Securities, and the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, special product counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Securities, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, dated as of such date, with executed copies for each of the other Underwriters named on the Prospectus cover page.
(g) Officers’ Certificate. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received a certificate executed by the Chief Executive Officer or President of the Company and the Principal Financial Officer of the Company, dated as of such date, to the effect set forth in Section 6(b)(ii) and further to the effect that:
(i) for the period from and including the date of this Agreement through and including such date, there has not occurred any Material Adverse Change;
(ii) the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company set forth in Section 1 of this Agreement are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made on and as of such date; and
(iii) the Company has complied with all the agreements hereunder and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to such date.
(h) Bring-down Comfort Letter. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date the Representatives shall have received from KPMG LLP, independent registered public accountants for the Company, a letter dated such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, which letter shall: (i) reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished by them pursuant to Section 6(a), except that the specified date referred to therein for the carrying out of procedures shall be no more than three business days prior to the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be; and (ii) cover certain financial information contained in the Prospectus.
(i) Lock-Up Agreements. On or prior to the date hereof, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives an agreement in the form of Exhibit A hereto from each of the persons listed on Exhibit B hereto, and each such agreement shall be in full force and effect on each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date.
(j) Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. In the event that a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is filed in connection with the offering contemplated by this Agreement, such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall have been filed with the Commission on the date of this Agreement and shall have become effective automatically upon such filing.
(k) Approval of Listing. At the First Closing Date, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Maximum Number of Underlying Securities shall have been approved for listing on Nasdaq, subject only to official notice of issuance.
(l) Indenture. The Indenture shall have been executed and delivered by each party thereto and an executed copy thereof shall have been provided to the Representatives.
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(m) DTC. The Offered Securities shall be eligible for clearance and settlement through DTC.
(n) Additional Documents. On or before each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters shall have received such information, documents and opinions as they may reasonably request for the purposes of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities as contemplated herein, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of the conditions or agreements, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Offered Securities as contemplated herein and in connection with the other transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters.
If any condition specified in this Section 6 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives by notice from the Representatives to the Company at any time on or prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Securities, at any time on or prior to the applicable Option Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party to any other party, except that Section 4, Section 7, Section 9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
Section 7. Reimbursement of Underwriters’ Expenses. If this Agreement is terminated by the Representatives pursuant to Section 6, Section 11 or Section 12, or if the sale to the Underwriters of the Offered Securities on the First Closing Date is not consummated because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company to perform any agreement herein or to comply with any provision hereof, the Company agrees to reimburse the Representatives and the other Underwriters (or such Underwriters as have terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves), severally, upon demand for all out-of-pocket expenses that shall have been reasonably incurred by the Representatives and the Underwriters in connection with the proposed purchase and the offering and sale of the Offered Securities, including, but not limited to, reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel, printing expenses, travel expenses, postage, facsimile and telephone charges.
Section 8. Effectiveness of this Agreement. This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.
Section 9. Indemnification.
(a) Indemnification of the Underwriters. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, directors, officers, employees and agents, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which such Underwriter or such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or the laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions where Offered Securities have been offered or sold or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon (A) (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus that the Company has used, referred to or filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act, any Marketing Material or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to the foregoing), or the omission or alleged omission to
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state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or (iii) any act or failure to act or any alleged act or failure to act by any Underwriter in connection with, or relating in any manner to, the Offered Securities or the offering contemplated hereby, and which is included as part of or referred to in any loss, claim, damage, liability or action arising out of or based upon any matter covered by clause (i) or (ii) above, or (B) the violation of any laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions where Offered Securities have been offered or sold; and to reimburse each Underwriter and each such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent and controlling person for any and all expenses (including the fees and disbursements of counsel) as such expenses are incurred by such Underwriter or such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action; provided, however, that the foregoing indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense to the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company by the Representatives in writing expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any such free writing prospectus, any Marketing Material or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), it being understood and agreed that the only such information consists of the information described in Section 9(b) below. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 9(a) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Company may otherwise have.
(b) Indemnification of the Company, its Directors and Officers. Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which the Company, or any such director, officer or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of such Underwriter), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus that the Company has used, referred to or filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433 of the Securities Act or the Prospectus (or any such amendment or supplement) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, such preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, such free writing prospectus or the Prospectus (or any such amendment or supplement), in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company by the Representatives in writing expressly for use therein; and to reimburse the Company, or any such director, officer or controlling person for any and all expenses (including the fees and disbursements of counsel) as such expenses are incurred by the Company, or any such director, officer or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action. The Company hereby acknowledges that the only information that the Representatives have furnished to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to the foregoing) are the second sentence of the fourth paragraph under the caption “Underwriting” regarding market making, the concession and reallowance figures in the first sentence of the sixth paragraph under the caption “Underwriting,” and the first sentence of the thirteenth paragraph under the caption “Underwriting” regarding stabilizing activities. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 9(b) shall be in addition to any liabilities that each Underwriter may otherwise have.
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(c) Notifications and Other Indemnification Procedures. Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 9 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party under this Section 9, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof, but the omission to so notify the indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party to the extent the indemnifying party is not materially prejudiced as a proximate result of such failure and shall not in any event relieve the indemnifying party from any liability that it may have otherwise than on account of this indemnity agreement. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party and such indemnified party seeks or intends to seek indemnity from an indemnifying party, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall elect, jointly with all other indemnifying parties similarly notified, by written notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly after receiving the aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party; provided, however, that if the defendants in any such action include both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that a conflict may arise between the positions of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in conducting the defense of any such action or that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to select separate counsel to assume such legal defenses and to otherwise participate in the defense of such action on behalf of such indemnified party or parties. Upon receipt of notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of such indemnifying party’s election to so assume the defense of such action and approval by the indemnified party of counsel, the indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this Section 9 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof unless (i) the indemnified party shall have employed separate counsel in accordance with the proviso to the preceding sentence (it being understood, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate counsel (together with local counsel), representing the indemnified parties who are parties to such action), which counsel (together with any local counsel) for the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Representatives (in the case of counsel for the indemnified parties referred to in Section 9(a) above) or by the Company (in the case of counsel for the indemnified parties referred to in Section 9(b) above) or (ii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action or (iii) the indemnifying party has authorized in writing the employment of counsel for the indemnified party at the expense of the indemnifying party, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel shall be at the expense of the indemnifying party and shall be paid as they are incurred.
(d) Settlements. The indemnifying party under this Section 9 shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by Section 9(c) hereof, the indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without
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the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in any pending or threatened action, suit or proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity was or could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding and does not include an admission of fault or culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of such indemnified party.
Section 10. Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in Section 9 is for any reason held to be unavailable to or otherwise insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount paid or payable by such indemnified party, as incurred, as a result of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, from the offering of the Offered Securities pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, in connection with the offering of the Offered Securities pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total proceeds from the offering of the Offered Securities pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company, and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth on the front cover page of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate initial public offering price of the Offered Securities as set forth on such cover. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company, on the one hand, or the Underwriters, on the other hand, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses referred to above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 9(c), any legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim. The provisions set forth in Section 9(c) with respect to notice of commencement of any action shall apply if a claim for contribution is to be made under this Section 10; provided, however, that no additional notice shall be required with respect to any action for which notice has been given under Section 9(c) for purposes of indemnification.
The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 10 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in this Section 10.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 10, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter in connection with the Offered Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’ obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 10 are several, and not joint, in proportion to their
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respective underwriting commitments as set forth opposite their respective names on Schedule A. For purposes of this Section 10, each affiliate, director, officer, employee and agent of an Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company.
Section 11. Default of One or More of the Several Underwriters. If, on the First Closing Date or any Option Closing Date any one or more of the several Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Offered Securities that it or they have agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, and the aggregate principal amount of Offered Securities which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase does not exceed 10% of the aggregate principal amount of the Offered Securities to be purchased on such date, the Representatives may make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the purchase of such Offered Securities by other persons, including any of the Underwriters, but if no such arrangements are made by such date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally and not jointly, in the proportions that the principal amount of Firm Securities set forth opposite their respective names on Schedule A bears to the aggregate principal amount of Firm Securities set forth opposite the names of all such non-defaulting Underwriters, or in such other proportions as may be specified by the Representatives with the consent of the non-defaulting Underwriters, to purchase the Offered Securities which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such date. If, on the First Closing Date or any Option Closing Date any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Offered Securities and the aggregate principal amount of Offered Securities with respect to which such default occurs exceeds 10% of the aggregate principal amount of Offered Securities to be purchased on such date, and arrangements satisfactory to the Representatives and the Company for the purchase of such Offered Securities are not made within 48 hours after such default, this Agreement shall terminate without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 4, Section 7, Section 9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination. In any such case either the Representatives or the Company shall have the right to postpone the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be, but in no event for longer than seven days in order that the required changes, if any, to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or any other documents or arrangements may be effected.
As used in this Agreement, the term “Underwriter” shall be deemed to include any person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter under this Section 11. Any action taken under this Section 11 shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.
Section 12. Termination of this Agreement. Prior to the purchase of the Firm Securities by the Underwriters on the First Closing Date, this Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives by notice given to the Company if at any time: (i) trading or quotation in any of the Company’s securities shall have been suspended or limited by the Commission or by Nasdaq, or trading in securities generally on either Nasdaq or the NYSE shall have been suspended or limited, or minimum or maximum prices shall have been generally established on any of such stock exchanges; (ii) a general banking moratorium shall have been declared by any of federal, New York, Colorado or Massachusetts authorities; (iii) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of national or international hostilities or any crisis or calamity, or any change in the United States or international financial markets, or any substantial change or development involving a prospective substantial change in United States’ or international political, financial or economic conditions, as in the judgment of the Representatives is material and adverse and makes it impracticable to market the Offered Securities in the manner and on the terms described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or to enforce contracts for the sale of securities; (iv) in the
32
judgment of the Representatives there shall have occurred any Material Adverse Change; or (v) the Company shall have sustained a loss by strike, fire, flood, earthquake, accident or other calamity of such character as in the judgment of the Representatives may interfere materially with the conduct of the business and operations of the Company regardless of whether or not such loss shall have been insured. Any termination pursuant to this Section 12 shall be without liability on the part of (a) the Company to any Underwriter, except that the Company shall be obligated to reimburse the expenses of the Representatives and the Underwriters pursuant to Section 4 or Section 7 hereof or (b) any Underwriter to the Company; provided, however, that the provisions of Section 9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
Section 13. No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (a) the purchase and sale of the Offered Securities pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the public offering price of the Offered Securities and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on the other hand, (b) in connection with the offering contemplated hereby and the process leading to such transaction, each Underwriter is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company, or its stockholders, creditors, employees or any other party, (c) no Underwriter has assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company on other matters) and no Underwriter has any obligation to the Company with respect to the offering contemplated hereby except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (d) the Underwriters and their respective affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Company, and (e) the Underwriters have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the offering contemplated hereby and the Company has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate.
Section 14. Representations and Indemnities to Survive Delivery. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company, of its officers and of the several Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or the Company or any of its or their partners, officers or directors or any controlling person, as the case may be, and, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, will survive delivery of and payment for the Offered Securities sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement.
Section 15. Notices. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered or telecopied and confirmed to the parties hereto as follows:
| If to the Representatives: |
Jefferies LLC | |
| 520 Madison Avenue | ||
| New York, New York 10022 | ||
| Facsimile: (646) 619-4437 | ||
| Attention: General Counsel | ||
| Leerink Partners LLC | ||
| 1301 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor | ||
| New York, New York 10019 | ||
| Attention: Stuart R. Nayman | ||
| Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC | ||
| 200 West Street | ||
| New York, New York 10282 | ||
| Attention: Registration Department | ||
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| with a copy to: |
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP | |
| 7 World Trade Center | ||
| 250 Greenwich Street | ||
| New York, New York 10007 | ||
| Facsimile: (212) 230-8888 | ||
| Attention: Lisa Firenze | ||
| Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP | ||
| 450 Lexington Avenue | ||
| New York, New York 10017 | ||
| Facsimile: (212) 701-5235 | ||
| Attention: Derek Walters | ||
| If to the Company: |
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. | |
| 221 Crescent Street, Suite 103A | ||
| Waltham, MA 02453 | ||
| Attention: Seth Harmon | ||
| with a copy to: |
Ropes & Gray LLP | |
| Prudential Tower, 800 Boylston Street | ||
| Boston, MA 02199 | ||
| Attention: Zachary Blume | ||
Any party hereto may change the address for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others.
Section 16. Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, including any substitute Underwriters pursuant to Section 11 hereof, and to the benefit of the affiliates, directors, officers, employees, agents and controlling persons referred to in Section 9 and Section 10, and in each case their respective successors, and personal representatives, and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder. The term “successors” shall not include any purchaser of the Offered Securities as such from any of the Underwriters merely by reason of such purchase.
Section 17. Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.
Section 18. Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.
(a) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity (as defined below) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime (as defined below), the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
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(b) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate (as defined below) of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights (as defined below) under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
For purposes of this Agreement, (A) “BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k); (B) “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (i) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b); (C) “Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable; and (D) “U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
Section 19. Governing Law Provisions. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed in such state. Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York (collectively, the “Specified Courts”), and each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction (except for proceedings instituted in regard to the enforcement of a judgment of any such court, as to which such jurisdiction is non-exclusive) of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail to such party’s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
Section 20. Waiver of Jury Trial. Each of the parties hereto hereby waives any right to trial by jury in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement.
Section 21. General Provisions. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method, and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes. This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit. The section headings herein are for the convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.
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Each of the parties hereto acknowledges that it is a sophisticated business person who was adequately represented by counsel during negotiations regarding the provisions hereof, including, without limitation, the indemnification provisions of Section 9 and the contribution provisions of Section 10, and is fully informed regarding said provisions. Each of the parties hereto further acknowledges that the provisions of Section 9 and Section 10 hereof fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties to investigate the Company, its affairs and its business in order to assure that adequate disclosure has been made in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, each free writing prospectus and the Prospectus (and any amendments and supplements to the foregoing), as contemplated by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.
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If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, kindly sign and return to the Company the enclosed copies hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become a binding agreement in accordance with its terms.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Seth Harmon | |
| Name: Seth Harmon | ||
| Title: Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ||
[Signature page to Underwriting Agreement]
The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted by the Representatives in New York, New York as of the date first above written.
| JEFFERIES LLC LEERINK PARTNERS LLC GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC | ||
| Acting individually and as Representatives of the several Underwriters named in the attached Schedule A. | ||
| JEFFERIES LLC | ||
| By: | /s/ Matt Kim | |
| Name: Matt Kim | ||
| Title: Managing Director, Global Head of Biotechnology | ||
| LEERINK PARTNERS LLC | ||
| By: | /s/ Dan Dubin | |
| Name: Dan Dubin | ||
| Title: Co-President, Vice Chairman, Global Co-Head of Investment Banking | ||
| GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC | ||
| By: | /s/ Michael Voris | |
| Name: Michael Voris | ||
| Title: Managing Director | ||
[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]
Schedule A
| Underwriters | Principal Amount of Firm Securities to be Purchased |
|||
| Jefferies LLC |
$ | 118,125,000 | ||
| Leerink Partners LLC |
$ | 73,125,000 | ||
| Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC |
$ | 20,250,000 | ||
| LifeSci Capital LLC |
$ | 13,500,000 | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Total |
$ | 225,000,000 | ||
|
|
|
|||
Schedule B
Free Writing Prospectuses Included in the Time of Sale Prospectus
Pricing term sheet in the form of Schedule C.
Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses Not Included in the Time of Sale Prospectus
Press release of the Company dated May 5, 2026 relating to the announcement of the offering of the Offered Securities and the Equity Offering.
Press release of the Company dated May 6, 2026 relating to the pricing of the offering of Offered Securities and the Equity Offering.
Schedule C
Pricing Term Sheet
Filed Pursuant to Rule 433
Registration No. 333-290056
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, dated May 6, 2026
PRICING TERM SHEET
MAY 6, 2026
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.
Offerings of
$225.0 Million Aggregate Principal Amount of 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032
7,352,942 Shares of Common Stock
The information in this pricing term sheet supplements (i) Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.’s (“Viridian”) preliminary prospectus supplement, dated May 5, 2026 (the “Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement”), relating to an offering of convertible senior notes (the “Convertible Notes Offering”), and (ii) Viridian’s preliminary prospectus supplement, dated May 5, 2026 (the “Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement”), relating to an offering of Common Stock (the “Common Stock Offering”), and, in each case, the accompanying prospectus, dated September 5, 2025, each filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. This pricing term sheet supersedes the information in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement to the extent inconsistent with the information in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, respectively. Terms used, but not defined, in this pricing term sheet have the respective meanings set forth in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement. As used in this pricing term sheet, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Viridian and “Common Stock” refers to the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Viridian. Viridian has increased the size of the Convertible Notes Offering to $225,000,000 from the previously announced $150,000,000. In addition, Viridian has increased the size of the Common Stock Offering to $125,000,000 from the previously announced $100,000,000. The final prospectus supplements relating to the Convertible Notes Offering and the Common Stock Offering will reflect conforming changes relating to such increase to the size of the Convertible Notes Offering and the Common Stock Offering, respectively.
| Issuer: | Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. | |
| Ticker / Exchange for Our Common Stock: | “VRDN” / The Nasdaq Capital Market | |
| Last Reported Sale Price per Share of the Common Stock on May 6, 2026: | $17.53 | |
| Convertible Notes Offering | ||
| Securities: | 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 (the “Notes”) | |
| Offering Size: | $225.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes (or $250.0 million aggregate principal amount if the underwriters of the Convertible Notes Offering exercise their over-allotment option in full) | |
| Maturity Date: | May 15, 2032, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased | |
| Issue Price: | 100% of principal amount per Note | |
| Underwriting Discount: | 3.00% of the principal amount of the Notes, and $6.75 million in the aggregate (or $7.5 million in the aggregate, if the underwriters of the Convertible Notes Offering exercise their over-allotment option in full) | |
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| Interest: | 1.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2026. In addition, special interest will accrue on the Notes in the circumstances described in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Description of Notes—Events of Default—Special Interest as Sole Remedy for Certain Reporting Defaults.” | |
| Trade Date: | May 7, 2026 | |
| Settlement Date for the Convertible Notes Offering: | T+2; May 11, 2026
Under Rule 15c6-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade the Notes prior to the business day preceding the Settlement Date for the Convertible Notes Offering will be required, by virtue of the fact that the Notes initially will settle T+2, to specify an alternate settlement cycle at the time of any such trade to prevent a failed settlement. Purchasers of the Notes who wish to trade the Notes prior to the business day preceding the Settlement Date for the Convertible Notes Offering should consult their own advisors. | |
| Use of Proceeds: | We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the Convertible Notes Offering will be approximately $217.7 million (or approximately $242.0 million if the underwriters of the Convertible Notes Offering exercise their over-allotment option in full), in each case, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering, together with the net proceeds from the Common Stock Offering, to repay all outstanding indebtedness under the Hercules Loan and Security Agreement (as defined in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement), to fund market expansion studies for our TED franchise, and to advance the research and development of our earlier pipeline, as well as for working capital and other general corporate purposes. | |
| See “Use of Proceeds” in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement. | ||
| CUSIP / ISIN: | CUSIP: 92790C AB0 / ISIN: US92790CAB00 | |
| Denominations / Multiple: | $1,000 / $1,000 | |
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| Initial Conversion Rate: | 40.5680 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes | |
| Initial Conversion Price: | Approximately $24.65 per share of Common Stock | |
| Conversion Premium: | Approximately 45% above the Public Offering Price per Share of Common Stock in the Common Stock Offering (as set forth below) | |
| Joint Book-Running Managers: | Jefferies LLC Leerink Partners LLC Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC | |
| Lead Manager: | LifeSci Capital LLC | |
| Listing: | None | |
Increase in Conversion Rate in Connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change
If a make-whole fundamental change occurs and the conversion date for the conversion of a Note occurs during the related make-whole fundamental change conversion period, then, subject to the provisions described in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate in Connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change,” the conversion rate applicable to such conversion will be increased by a number of shares of Common Stock (the “Additional Shares”) set forth in the table below corresponding (after interpolation as described below) to the make-whole fundamental change effective date and the stock price of such make-whole fundamental change:
|
Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date |
Stock Price | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $17.00 | $20.00 | $24.65 | $28.00 | $32.04 | $50.00 | $75.00 | $115.00 | $175.00 | $250.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 11, 2026 |
18.2555 | 14.0405 | 9.8759 | 7.9025 | 6.1960 | 2.5968 | 1.0291 | 0.2819 | 0.0259 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2027 |
18.2555 | 14.0405 | 9.7343 | 7.6954 | 5.9516 | 2.3704 | 0.8895 | 0.2212 | 0.0094 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2028 |
18.2555 | 13.9910 | 9.4280 | 7.3268 | 5.5568 | 2.0578 | 0.7156 | 0.1570 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2029 |
18.2555 | 13.6615 | 8.8710 | 6.7171 | 4.9441 | 1.6370 | 0.5079 | 0.0910 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2030 |
18.2555 | 12.9875 | 7.9189 | 5.7296 | 3.9994 | 1.0914 | 0.2841 | 0.0344 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2031 |
18.2555 | 11.6790 | 6.1736 | 4.0061 | 2.4616 | 0.4480 | 0.0947 | 0.0041 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2032 |
18.2555 | 9.4320 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If such make-whole fundamental change effective date or stock price is not set forth in the table above, then:
| • | if such stock price is between two stock prices in the table above or the make-whole fundamental change effective date is between two dates in the table above, then the number of Additional Shares will be determined by straight-line interpolation between the numbers of Additional Shares set forth for the higher and lower stock prices in the table above or the earlier and later dates in the table above, based on a 365- or 366-day year, as applicable; and |
| • | if the stock price is greater than $250.00 (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table above are adjusted, as described in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Increase in Conversion Rate in Connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change—Adjustment of Stock Prices and Number of Additional Shares”), or less than $17.00 (subject to adjustment in the same manner), per share of our Common Stock, then no Additional Shares of our Common Stock will be added to the conversion rate. |
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in no event will the conversion rate be increased to an amount that exceeds 58.8235 shares of our Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which amount is subject to adjustment in the same manner as, and at the same time and for the same events for which, the conversion rate is required to be adjusted pursuant to the provisions described in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement under the caption “Description of Notes—Conversion Rights—Conversion Rate Adjustments—Generally.”
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| Common Stock Offering
| ||
| Securities: | 7,352,942 shares of Common Stock (or, if the underwriters of the Common Stock Offering fully exercise their option to purchase additional shares, 8,455,883 shares of Common Stock) | |
| Offering Size: | $125.0 million (or, if the underwriters of the Common Stock Offering fully exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Common Stock, $143.75 million) | |
| Public Offering Price per Share of Common Stock: | $17.00 | |
| Underwriting Discount per Share of Common Stock: | $1.02 per share of Common Stock and approximately $7.5 million in the aggregate (or approximately $8.625 million in the aggregate, if the underwriters of the Common Stock Offering fully exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Common Stock) | |
| Trade Date: | May 7, 2026 | |
| Settlement Date for the Common Stock Offering: | T+2; May 11, 2026 | |
| Under Rule 15c6-1 under the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade the Common Stock prior to the business day preceding the Settlement Date for the Common Stock Offering will be required, by virtue of the fact that the Common Stock initially will settle T+2, to specify an alternate settlement cycle at the time of any such trade to prevent a failed settlement. Purchasers of the Common Stock who wish to trade the Common Stock prior to the business day preceding the Settlement Date for the Common Stock Offering should consult their own advisors. | ||
| Use of Proceeds: | We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the Common Stock Offering will be approximately $117.0 million (or approximately $134.6 million if the underwriters of the Common Stock Offering exercise their option to purchase additional shares of our Common Stock in full), in each case, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. | |
| We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the Common Stock Offering, together with the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering, to repay all outstanding indebtedness under the Hercules Loan and Security Agreement (as defined in the Common Stock | ||
4
| Preliminary Prospectus Supplement), to fund market expansion studies for our TED franchise, and to advance the research and development of our earlier pipeline, as well as for working capital and other general corporate purposes. | ||
| See “Use of Proceeds” in the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement. | ||
| Joint Book-Running Managers: | Jefferies LLC | |
| Leerink Partners LLC | ||
| Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC | ||
| Lead Managers: | LifeSci Capital LLC | |
| Wedbush Securities Inc. | ||
| CUSIP / ISIN Numbers for the Common Stock: | CUSIP: 92790C104 / ISIN: US92790C1045 | |
We have filed a registration statement (including a prospectus), the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement with the SEC for the offerings to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, as applicable, and the prospectus in that registration statement and other documents we have filed with the SEC for more complete information about us and these offerings. You may get these documents free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, we, any underwriter or any dealer participating in the applicable offering will arrange to send you the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, as applicable (or, when available, the applicable final prospectus supplement) and the accompanying prospectus upon request to: Jefferies LLC, Attention: Equity Syndicate Prospectus Department, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022, by telephone at (877) 821-7388 or by email at [email protected]; Leerink Partners LLC, Attention: Syndicate Department, 53 State Street, 40th Floor, Boston, MA 02109, or by telephone at (800) 808-7525 ext. 6105, or by email at [email protected]; or Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Attention: Prospectus Department, 200 West Street, New York, NY 10282 (Tel: 866-471-2526) or by e-mail at [email protected].
The information in this pricing term sheet is not a complete description of the Notes, the Convertible Notes Offering, the Common Stock or the Common Stock Offering. You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in the Convertible Notes Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Common Stock Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by this pricing term sheet, in making an investment decision with respect to the Notes or the Common Stock.
ANY DISCLAIMERS OR OTHER NOTICES THAT MAY APPEAR BELOW ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS COMMUNICATION AND SHOULD BE DISREGARDED. SUCH DISCLAIMERS OR OTHER NOTICES WERE AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED AS A RESULT OF THIS COMMUNICATION BEING SENT VIA BLOOMBERG OR ANOTHER EMAIL SYSTEM.
5
Exhibit A
Form of Lock-up Agreement
Form of Lock-up Agreement
[ ], 2026
Jefferies LLC
Leerink Partners LLC
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
As Representatives of the Several Underwriters
c/o Jefferies LLC
520 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022
c/o Leerink Partners LLC
53 State Street, 40th Floor
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
200 West Street
New York, New York 10282
| RE: | Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) |
Ladies & Gentlemen:
The undersigned is an owner of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (“Shares”) or of securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares. The Company proposes to conduct a public offering of Shares (the “Equity Offering”) and/or a public offering of convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes” and, together with any Shares to be sold in the Equity Offering, the “Securities”) of the Company (the “Convertible Notes Offering” and, together with the Equity Offering, the “Offering(s)”), in each case for which Jefferies LLC, Leerink Partners LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC will act as the representatives of the underwriters (the “Representatives”). The undersigned recognizes that the Offering(s) will benefit each of the Company and the undersigned. The undersigned acknowledges that the underwriters are relying on the representations and agreements of the undersigned contained in this letter agreement in conducting the Offering(s) and, at a subsequent date, in entering into underwriting agreement(s) (the “Underwriting Agreement(s)”) and other underwriting arrangements with the Company with respect to the Offering(s).
Annex A sets forth definitions for capitalized terms used in this letter agreement that are not defined in the body of this letter agreement. Those definitions are a part of this letter agreement.
In consideration of the foregoing, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees that, during the Lock-up Period, the undersigned will not (and will cause any Family Member not to), without the prior written consent of the Representatives, which may withhold their consent in their sole discretion:
| • | Sell or Offer to Sell any Shares or Related Securities currently or hereafter owned either of record or beneficially (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by the undersigned or such Family Member, |
| • | enter into any Swap, |
| • | make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any Shares or Related Securities, or cause to be filed a registration statement, prospectus or prospectus supplement (or an amendment or supplement thereto) with respect to any such registration, or |
| • | publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing. |
The foregoing will not apply to the registration of the offer and sale of the Securities, and the sale of the Securities to the underwriters, in each case as contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement(s). In addition, notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may transfer any of the Shares or Related Securities:
| (i) | as a bona fide gift or gifts or charitable contribution(s); |
| (ii) | to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family member of the undersigned; |
| (iii) | if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity (1) to another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is a direct or indirect affiliate (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act) of the undersigned or (2) as distributions of Shares or Related Securities to limited partners, limited liability company members or stockholders of the undersigned or holders of similar equity interests in the undersigned; |
| (iv) | if the undersigned is a trust, to the beneficiary of such trust; |
| (v) | by testate succession or intestate succession; |
| (vi) | to any immediate family member, any investment fund, family partnership, family limited liability company or other entity controlled or managed by the undersigned; |
| (vii) | to a nominee or custodian of a person or entity to whom a disposition or transfer would be permissible under clauses (i) through (vi); |
| (viii) | to the Company in a transaction exempt from Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act upon a vesting event of the Shares or Related Securities or upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Shares on a “cashless” or “net exercise” basis or to cover tax withholding obligations of the undersigned in connection with such vesting or exercise (but for the avoidance of doubt, excluding all manners of exercise that would involve a sale in the open market of any securities relating to such options or warrants, whether to cover the applicable aggregate exercise price, withholding tax obligations or otherwise); |
| (ix) | acquired by the undersigned in open market transactions after the date hereof; |
| (x) | pursuant to a bona fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction made to all holders of the Company’s capital stock involving a change of control of the Company, provided that in the event that such tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the Shares or Related Securities shall remain subject to the restrictions contained in this letter agreement; |
| (xi) | pursuant to any contract, instruction or plan (a “Trading Plan”) that satisfies all of the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(i)(B) under the Exchange Act and has been entered into by the undersigned prior to the date of this letter agreement, provided, that (i) the existence of such Trading Plan was communicated to the Representatives and such Trading Plan will not be amended or otherwise modified during the Lock-Up Period in any manner that would be considered the termination of such Trading Plan, and the adoption of a new Trading Plan within the meaning of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(iv), (ii) any filing under the Exchange Act shall include a statement to the effect that the sale or transfer was made pursuant to a Trading Plan adopted prior to the earliest date of the Underwriting Agreement(s) and (iii) no other filing or public announcement shall be made voluntarily in connection with such sale or transfer; or |
| (xii) | by operation of law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement or any other court order; |
provided, in the case of clauses (i)-(vii) and clause (xii), that (A) such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value and (B) the transferee agrees in writing with the Company to be bound by the terms of this letter agreement; provided, further, in the case of clauses (ii)-(viii), no public announcement or filing by any party under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transfer other than, in the case of clause (viii), a filing on a Form 4 that reports such disposition under the transaction code “F,” in which case the filing or announcement shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto or comments section thereof that the filing relates to a vesting event for Shares or Related Securities or the exercise of a stock option or warrant, as the case may be, that no Shares were sold by the reporting person and that the Shares received upon such vesting event or upon the exercise of the stock option or warrant are subject to a lock-up agreement with the underwriters of the Offering(s); and provided, further, in the case of clause (ix), no public announcement or filing by any party under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transaction.
In addition, the foregoing restrictions shall not apply to:
| (i) | the exercise of stock options granted pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans described in the registration statement relating to the Offering(s) (but for the avoidance of doubt, excluding all manners of exercise that would involve a sale in the open market of any securities relating to such options, whether to cover the applicable aggregate exercise price, withholding tax obligations or otherwise); provided that the foregoing restrictions shall apply to any of the securities issued upon such exercise; or |
| (ii) | conversion or exercise of warrants or any other securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares into Shares or into any other security convertible into or exercisable for Shares that are outstanding as of the date hereof and described in the registration statement relating to the Offering(s) (but for the avoidance of doubt, excluding all manners of conversion or exercise that would involve a sale in the open market of any securities relating to such warrants, whether to cover the applicable aggregate exercise price, withholding tax obligations or otherwise); provided, that the foregoing restrictions shall apply to any of the Shares issued upon such conversion or exercise; or |
| (iii) | the establishment of a Trading Plan provided that no sales of Shares or Related Securities shall be made pursuant to such a Trading Plan prior to the expiration of the applicable Lock-Up Period, and any public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act made by the undersigned, the Company or any other person regarding the establishment of such a Trading Plan during the Lock-up Period shall include a statement that the undersigned is not permitted to transfer, sell or otherwise dispose of Shares and/or Related Securities under such plan during the Lock-up Period in contravention of this letter agreement; |
provided, further, in the case of clauses (i)-(ii) of this paragraph, no public announcement or filing by any party under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or otherwise shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such exercise or conversion.
The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of Shares or Related Securities held by the undersigned and the undersigned’s Family Members, if any, except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.
With respect to the Offering(s) only, the undersigned waives any registration rights relating to registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any Shares and/or any Related Securities owned either of record or beneficially by the undersigned, including any rights to receive notice of the Offering(s).
The undersigned confirms that the undersigned has not, and has no knowledge that any Family Member has, directly or indirectly, taken any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale of the Securities. The undersigned will not, and will cause any Family Member not to take, directly or indirectly, any such action.
The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the underwriters have not provided any recommendation or investment advice nor have the underwriters solicited any action from the undersigned with respect to the Offering(s) and the undersigned has consulted their own legal, accounting, financial, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent deemed appropriate. The undersigned further acknowledges and agrees that, although the Representatives and underwriters may be required or choose to provide certain Regulation Best Interest and Form CRS disclosures to the undersigned in connection with the Offering(s), the Representatives and the other underwriters are not making a recommendation to the undersigned to enter into this letter agreement and nothing set forth in such disclosures is intended to suggest that the Representatives or any underwriter is making such a recommendation.
Whether or not the Offering(s) occur as currently contemplated or at all depends on market conditions and other factors. The Offering(s) will only be made pursuant to the respective Underwriting Agreement(s), the terms of which are subject to negotiation between the Company and the underwriters.
The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power, capacity and authority to enter into this letter agreement. This letter agreement is irrevocable and will be binding on the undersigned and the successors, heirs, personal representatives and assigns of the undersigned. This letter agreement will automatically terminate upon the earliest to occur, if any, of (a) the date the Company advises the Representatives in writing, prior to the execution of any Underwriting Agreement, that it has determined not to proceed with the Offering(s), (b) the date of the termination of the Underwriting Agreements (or, if only one Underwriting Agreement becomes effective, such Underwriting Agreement) if prior to the closing of the sale of the Securities to be sold thereunder to the underwriters and (c) June 30, 2026 if no Underwriting Agreement has been executed and delivered by the Company by such date.
This letter agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.
This letter agreement may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]
| Signature |
| Printed Name of Person Signing |
| (Indicate capacity of person signing if signing as custodian or trustee, or on behalf of an entity) |
Certain Defined Terms
Used in Lock-up Agreement
For purposes of the letter agreement to which this Annex A is attached and of which it is made a part:
| • | “Call Equivalent Position” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act. |
| • | “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
| • | “Family Member” shall mean the spouse of the undersigned, an immediate family member of the undersigned or an immediate family member of the undersigned’s spouse, in each case living in the undersigned’s household or whose principal residence is the undersigned’s household (regardless of whether such spouse or family member may at the time be living elsewhere due to educational activities, health care treatment, military service, temporary internship or employment or otherwise). “Immediate family member” as used above shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(e) under the Exchange Act. |
| • | “Lock-up Period” shall mean the period beginning on the date hereof and continuing through the close of trading on the date that is 60 days after the date of the Prospectus (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement). |
| • | “Put Equivalent Position” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act. |
| • | “Related Securities” shall mean any options or warrants or other rights to acquire Shares or any securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Shares, or to acquire other securities or rights ultimately exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Shares. |
| • | “Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
| • | “Sell or Offer to Sell” shall mean to: |
| • | sell, offer to sell, contract to sell or lend, |
| • | effect any short sale or establish or increase a Put Equivalent Position or liquidate or decrease any Call Equivalent Position |
| • | pledge, hypothecate or grant any security interest in, or |
| • | in any other way transfer or dispose of, |
in each case whether effected directly or indirectly.
| • | “Swap” shall mean any swap, hedge or similar arrangement or agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic risk of ownership of Shares or Related Securities, regardless of whether any such transaction is to be settled in securities, in cash or otherwise. |
Capitalized terms not defined in this Annex A shall have the meanings given to them in the body of this lock-up agreement.
Exhibit B
Directors, Officers and Others Signing Lock-up Agreement
Directors:
Jeffrey Ajer
Christopher Cain
Sarah Gheuens
Tomas Kiselak
Arlene Morris
Jennifer K. Moses
Officers:
Thomas Beetham
Seth Harmon
Stephen Mahoney
Jennifer Tousignant
Radhika Tripuraneni
Others:
Fairmount Healthcare Fund II LP
Exhibit 4.1
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.
and
U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Trustee
INDENTURE
Dated as of May 11, 2026
CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE
This Cross-Reference Table is not a part of the Indenture
| TIA Section | Indenture Section | |||
| 310(a)(1) |
7.10 | |||
| (a)(2) |
7.10 | |||
| (a)(3) |
N.A. | |||
| (a)(4) |
N.A. | |||
| (b) |
7.08; 7.10; 12.02 | |||
| 311(a) |
7.11 | |||
| (b) |
7.11 | |||
| (c) |
N.A. | |||
| 312(a) |
2.05 | |||
| (b) |
12.03 | |||
| (c) |
12.03 | |||
| 313(a) |
7.06 | |||
| (b)(1) |
N.A. | |||
| (b)(2) |
7.06 | |||
| (c) |
12.02 | |||
| (d) |
7.06 | |||
| 314(a) |
4.03; 12.02 | |||
| (b) |
N.A. | |||
| (c)(1) |
12.04 | |||
| (c)(2) |
12.04 | |||
| (c)(3) |
N.A. | |||
| (d) |
N.A. | |||
| (e) |
12.05 | |||
| 315(a) |
7.01(b) | |||
| (b) |
7.05; 12.02 | |||
| (c) |
7.01(a) | |||
| (d) |
7.01(c) | |||
| (e) |
6.11 | |||
| 316(a)(last sentence) |
12.06 | |||
| (a)(1)(A) |
6.05 | |||
| (a)(1)(B) |
6.04 | |||
| (a)(2) |
N.A. | |||
| (b) |
6.07 | |||
| 317(a)(1) |
6.08 | |||
| (a)(2) |
6.09 | |||
| (b)d |
2.04 | |||
| 318(a) |
12.01 | |||
N.A. means Not Applicable.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Table of Contents is not a part of the Indenture
| ARTICLE ONE | | |||||
| DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE |
| |||||
| Section 1.01 | Definitions |
- 1 - | ||||
| Section 1.02 | Other Definitions |
- 3 - | ||||
| Section 1.03 | Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act |
- 3 - | ||||
| Section 1.04 | Rules of Construction |
- 4 - | ||||
| ARTICLE TWO |
| |||||
| THE SECURITIES |
| |||||
| Section 2.01 | Form and Dating |
- 4 - | ||||
| Section 2.02 | Execution and Authentication |
- 5 - | ||||
| Section 2.03 | Registrar and Paying Agent |
- 6 - | ||||
| Section 2.04 | Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust |
- 6 - | ||||
| Section 2.05 | Securityholder Lists |
- 6 - | ||||
| Section 2.06 | Transfer and Exchange |
- 7 - | ||||
| Section 2.07 | Replacement Securities |
- 7 - | ||||
| Section 2.08 | Outstanding Securities |
- 7 - | ||||
| Section 2.09 | Temporary Securities |
- 7 - | ||||
| Section 2.10 | Cancellation |
- 8 - | ||||
| Section 2.11 | Defaulted Interest |
- 8 - | ||||
| Section 2.12 | Treasury Securities |
- 8 - | ||||
| Section 2.13 | CUSIP/ISIN Numbers |
- 8 - | ||||
| Section 2.14 | Deposit of Moneys |
- 8 - | ||||
| Section 2.15 | Book-Entry Provisions for Global Security |
- 8 - | ||||
| Section 2.16 | No Duty to Monitor |
- 10 - | ||||
| ARTICLE THREE |
| |||||
| REDEMPTION |
| |||||
| Section 3.01 | Notices to Trustee |
- 10 - | ||||
| Section 3.02 | Selection of Securities to be Redeemed |
- 10 - | ||||
| Section 3.03 | Notice of Redemption |
- 11 - | ||||
| Section 3.04 | Effect of Notice of Redemption |
- 11 - | ||||
| Section 3.05 | Deposit of Redemption Price |
- 11 - | ||||
| Section 3.06 | Securities Redeemed in Part |
- 12 - | ||||
| ARTICLE FOUR |
| |||||
| COVENANTS |
| |||||
| Section 4.01 | Payment of Securities |
- 12 - | ||||
| Section 4.02 | Maintenance of Office or Agency |
- 12 - | ||||
| Section 4.03 | Reports |
- 12 - | ||||
| Section 4.04 | Compliance Certificate |
- 12 - | ||||
| Section 4.05 | Waiver of Stay, Extension or Usury Laws |
- 12 - | ||||
| ARTICLE FIVE |
| |||||
| SUCCESSOR CORPORATION |
| |||||
| Section 5.01 | When Company May Merge, etc. |
- 13 - | ||||
| ARTICLE SIX |
| |||||
| DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES |
| |||||
| Section 6.01 | Events of Default |
- 13 - | ||||
| Section 6.02 | Acceleration |
- 14 - | ||||
| Section 6.03 | Other Remedies |
- 14 - | ||||
| Section 6.04 | Waiver of Existing Defaults |
- 14 - | ||||
| Section 6.05 | Control by Majority |
- 15 - | ||||
| Section 6.06 | Limitation on Suits |
- 15 - | ||||
| Section 6.07 | Rights of Holders to Receive Payment and Convert |
- 15 - | ||||
| Section 6.08 | Collection Suit by Trustee |
- 15 - | ||||
| Section 6.09 | Trustee May File Proofs of Claim |
- 15 - | ||||
| Section 6.10 | Priorities |
- 16 - | ||||
| Section 6.11 | Undertaking for Costs |
- 16 - | ||||
| ARTICLE SEVEN |
| |||||
| TRUSTEE |
| |||||
| Section 7.01 | Duties of Trustee |
- 16 - | ||||
| Section 7.02 | Rights of Trustee |
- 17 - | ||||
| Section 7.03 | Individual Rights of Trustee |
- 18 - | ||||
| Section 7.04 | Trustee’s Disclaimer |
- 18 - | ||||
| Section 7.05 | Notice of Defaults |
- 18 - | ||||
| Section 7.06 | Reports by Trustee to Holders |
- 18 - | ||||
| Section 7.07 | Compensation and Indemnity |
- 19 - | ||||
| Section 7.08 | Replacement of Trustee |
- 19 - | ||||
| Section 7.09 | Successor Trustee by Merger, etc. |
- 20 - | ||||
| Section 7.10 | Eligibility; Disqualification |
- 20 - | ||||
| Section 7.11 | Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company |
- 20 - | ||||
| ARTICLE EIGHT |
| |||||
| DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE |
| |||||
| Section 8.01 | Defeasance upon Deposit of Moneys or Government Obligations |
- 20 - | ||||
| Section 8.02 | Survival of the Company’s Obligations |
- 22 - | ||||
| Section 8.03 | Application of Trust Money |
- 22 - | ||||
| Section 8.04 | Repayment to the Company |
- 22 - | ||||
| Section 8.05 | Reinstatement |
- 22 - | ||||
| ARTICLE NINE |
| |||||
| RESERVED |
| |||||
| ARTICLE TEN |
| |||||
| AMENDMENTS, SUPPLEMENTS AND WAIVERS |
| |||||
| Section 10.01 | Without Consent of Holders |
- 23 - | ||||
| Section 10.02 | With Consent of Holders |
- 23 - | ||||
| Section 10.03 | Compliance with Trust Indenture Act |
- 24 - | ||||
| Section 10.04 | Revocation and Effect of Consents |
- 24 - | ||||
| Section 10.05 | Notation on or Exchange of Securities |
- 25 - | ||||
| Section 10.06 | Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc. |
- 25 - | ||||
| ARTICLE ELEVEN |
| |||||
| SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES |
| |||||
| Section 11.01 | Applicability of Article |
- 25 - | ||||
| ARTICLE TWELVE |
| |||||
| MISCELLANEOUS |
| |||||
| Section 12.01 | Trust Indenture Act Controls |
- 25 - | ||||
| Section 12.02 | Notices |
- 26 - | ||||
| Section 12.03 | Communications by Holders with Other Holders |
- 27 - | ||||
| Section 12.04 | Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent |
- 27 - | ||||
| Section 12.05 | Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion |
- 27 - | ||||
| Section 12.06 | Rules by Trustee and Agents |
- 27 - | ||||
| Section 12.07 | Legal Holidays |
- 27 - | ||||
| Section 12.08 | Governing Law |
- 28 - | ||||
| Section 12.09 | No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements |
- 28 - | ||||
| Section 12.10 | No Recourse Against Others |
- 28 - | ||||
| Section 12.11 | Successors and Assigns |
- 28 - | ||||
| Section 12.12 | Duplicate Originals |
- 28 - | ||||
| Section 12.13 | Severability |
- 28 - | ||||
| Section 12.14 | Waiver of Jury Trial |
- 28 - | ||||
| SIGNATURES |
||||||
| EXHIBIT A – Form of Security |
||||||
INDENTURE dated as of May 11 , 2026 , (the “Base Indenture”), by and among VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association , as trustee (the “Trustee”).
Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Company’s debt securities issued under this Base Indenture:
ARTICLE ONE
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
Section 1.01 Definitions.
“Affiliate” means, when used with reference to a specified person, any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Person specified.
“Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or co-Registrar or agent for service of notices and demands.
“Authorizing Resolution” means a resolution adopted by the Board of Directors or by an Officer or committee of Officers pursuant to Board delegation authorizing a Series of Securities.
“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.
“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.
“Capital Stock” means, with respect to any Person, any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated) of or in such Person’s capital stock or other equity interests.
“Company” means the party named as such in this Indenture until a successor replaces it pursuant to the Indenture and thereafter means the successor.
“control” means, when used with respect to any Person, the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
“Default” means any event, act or condition that is, or after notice or the passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.
“Definitive Security” means a certificated Security registered in the name of the Securityholder thereof.
“Depositary” means, with respect to Securities of any Series which the Company shall determine will be issued in whole or in part as a Global Security, DTC, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act, and any other applicable U.S. or foreign statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to Section 2.01.
“Dollars” and “$” mean United States Dollars.
“DTC” means The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Foreign Currency” means any currency, currency unit or composite currency, including, without limitation, the Euro, issued by the government of one or more countries other than the United States of America or by any recognized confederation or association of such governments.
“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the accounting standards codification of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such or any other entity as may be approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession of the United States, as in effect on the date of this Base Indenture.
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“Global Security” means, with respect to any Series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.
“Government Obligations” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of the United States or the other government or governments in the confederation which issued the Foreign Currency in which the principal of or any interest on the Security of the applicable Series shall be payable, in each case for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States or such other government or governments, in each case the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States or such other government or governments, which, in either case are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer or issuers thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government Obligations or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depositary receipt; provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of the Government Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.
“Holder” or “Securityholder” means the Person in whose name a Security is registered on the Registrar’s books.
“Indenture” means this Base Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time, including pursuant to any Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture pertaining to any Series, and including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture, the provisions of the TIA that are deemed to be a part of and govern this Base Indenture and any such Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture, respectively.
“Issue Date” means, with respect to any Series of Securities, the date on which the Securities of such Series are originally issued under this Indenture.
“NYUCC” means the New York Uniform Commercial Code, as in effect from time to time.
“Officer” means the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Controller or the Secretary of the Company.
“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers or by an Officer and an Assistant Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary of the Company.
“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion, from legal counsel who is reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section 12.05 if and to the extent required by the provisions of such Section.
“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
“principal” of a debt security means the principal of the security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on the security.
“Property” of any Person means all types of real, personal, tangible, intangible or mixed property owned by such Person, whether or not included in the most recent consolidated balance sheet of such Person and its Subsidiaries under GAAP.
“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor agency performing the duties now assigned to it under the TIA.
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“Securities” means any Securities that are issued under this Base Indenture. “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Series” means a series of Securities established under this Base Indenture.
“Significant Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of the Company which would constitute a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.
“Subsidiary” of any Person means any corporation or other entity of which a majority of the Capital Stock having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors of such entity or other persons performing similar functions is at the time directly or indirectly owned or controlled by such Person.
“TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as in effect from time to time, except as otherwise provided herein.
“Trustee” means the party named as such in this Base Indenture until a successor replaces it pursuant to this Base Indenture and thereafter means the successor serving hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean only the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.
“Trust Officer” means, when used with respect to the Trustee, any officer within the corporate trust department of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, assistant secretary, senior associate, associate, trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee who customarily performs functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers or to whom any corporate trust matter relating to this Indenture is referred because of such person’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who, in each case, shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.
“United States” means the United States of America.
Section 1.02 Other Definitions.
| Term | Defined in Section |
|||
| Agent Members |
2.15 | |||
| Base Indenture |
Preamble | |||
| Business Day |
12.07 | |||
| Covenant Defeasance |
8.01 | |||
| Custodian |
6.01 | |||
| Event of Default |
6.01 | |||
| Legal Defeasance |
8.01 | |||
| Legal Holiday |
12.07 | |||
| Paying Agent |
2.03 | |||
| Payment Default |
6.01 | |||
| Registrar |
2.03 | |||
| Security Register |
2.03 | |||
| Successor |
5.01 | |||
Section 1.03 Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.
Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:
“Commission” means the SEC.
“indenture securities” means the Securities of a particular Series.
“indenture security holder” means a Securityholder.
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“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture.
“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.
“obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of a Series.
All other TIA terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule have the meanings so assigned to them.
Section 1.04 Rules of Construction.
Unless the context otherwise requires:
| (1) | a term has the meaning assigned to it herein; |
| (2) | an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP and all accounting determinations shall be made in accordance with GAAP; |
| (3) | “or” is not exclusive and “including” means “including without limitation”; |
| (4) | words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; |
| (5) | “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder,” and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole (including any Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture relating to the relevant Series) and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; |
| (6) | all exhibits are incorporated by reference herein and expressly made a part of this Indenture; and |
| (7) | any transaction or event shall be considered “permitted by” or made “in accordance with” or “in compliance with” this Indenture or any particular provision thereof if such transaction or event is not expressly prohibited by this Indenture or such provision, as the case may be. |
ARTICLE TWO
THE SECURITIES
Section 2.01 Form and Dating.
The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be issued under this Base Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued from time to time in one or more Series. Each Series shall be created by an Authorizing Resolution or a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of the Series, which may include the following:
| (1) | the title of the Series (which shall distinguish the Securities of such Series from all other Securities); |
| (2) | the aggregate principal amount (or any limit on the aggregate principal amount) of the Series and, if any Securities of a Series are to be issued at a discount from their face amount, the method of computing the accretion of such discount; |
| (3) | the interest rate or method of calculation of the interest rate; |
| (4) | the date from which interest will accrue; |
| (5) | the record dates for interest payable on Securities of the Series; |
| (6) | the dates when, places where and manner in which principal and interest are payable; |
| (7) | the Registrar and Paying Agent; |
| (8) | the terms of any mandatory (including any sinking fund requirements) or optional redemption by the Company; |
| (9) | the terms of any redemption at the option of Holders; |
| (10) | the permissible denominations in which Securities of such Series are issuable, if different from $2,000 and multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof; |
| (11) | whether Securities of such Series will be issued in registered or bearer form and the terms of any such forms of Securities; |
| (12) | whether the Securities of the Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities, the terms and conditions, if different from those contained in this Base Indenture, upon which such Global Security or Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for Definitive Securities; the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities; and the form of any legend or legends, if any, to be borne by any such Global Security or Securities in addition to or in lieu of the legends referred to in Section 2.15; |
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| (13) | the currency or currencies (including any composite currency) in which principal or interest or both may be paid; |
| (14) | if payments of principal or interest may be made in a currency other than that in which Securities of such Series are denominated, the manner for determining such payments, including the time and manner of determining the exchange rate between the currency in which such Securities are denominated and the currency in which such Securities or any of them may be paid, and any deletions from or modifications of or additions to the terms of this Indenture to provide for or to facilitate the issuance of Securities denominated or payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a Foreign Currency; |
| (15) | provisions for electronic issuance of Securities or issuance of Securities of such Series in uncertificated form; |
| (16) | any Events of Default, covenants and/or defined terms in addition to or in lieu of those set forth in this Base Indenture; |
| (17) | whether and upon what terms Securities of such Series may be defeased or discharged if different from the provisions set forth in this Base Indenture; |
| (18) | the form of the Securities of such Series, which, unless the Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture otherwise provides, shall be in the form of Exhibit A; |
| (19) | any terms that may be required by or advisable under applicable law; |
| (20) | the percentage of the principal amount of the Securities of such Series which is payable if the maturity of the Securities of such Series is accelerated in the case of Securities issued at a discount from their face amount; |
| (21) | whether Securities of such Series will or will not have the benefit of guarantees and the Company’s Subsidiaries that will be the initial guarantors of such Series and, if applicable, the terms and conditions upon which such guarantees may be subordinated to other indebtedness of the respective guarantors; |
| (22) | whether the Securities of such Series are senior or subordinated debt securities, and if subordinated debt securities, the terms of such subordination; |
| (23) | whether the Securities of the Series will be convertible into or exchangeable for other Securities, common shares or other securities of any kind of the Company or another obligor, and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the initial conversion or exchange price or rate or the method of calculation, how and when the conversion price or exchange ratio may be adjusted, whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at the Company’s option, the conversion or exchange period, and any other provision in relation thereto; and |
| (24) | any other terms in addition to or different from those contained in this Base Indenture applicable to such Series. |
All Securities of one Series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a Series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such Series pursuant to an Authorizing Resolution, an Officers’ Certificate or in any indenture supplemental hereto.
The creation and issuance of a Series and the authentication and delivery thereof are not subject to any conditions precedent.
Section 2.02 Execution and Authentication.
One Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual, facsimile or electronic signature.
If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Trustee authenticates the Security, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.
A Security shall not be valid until the Trustee manually signs the certificate of authentication on the Security. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Base Indenture.
At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. The Trustee shall authenticate Securities for original issue upon receipt of, and shall be fully protected in relying upon:
(a) An order to the Trustee signed by an Officer of the Company directing the Trustee to authenticate the Securities;
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(b) a copy of the resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors in or pursuant to which the terms and form of the Securities were established, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect as of the date of such certificate, and if the terms and form of such Securities are established by an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to general authorization of the Board of Directors, such Officers’ Certificate;
(c) an Officers’ Certificate of the Company delivered in accordance with Section 12.04; and
(d) an Opinion of Counsel delivered in accordance with Section 12.04.
The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities under this Section if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken or if the Trustee in good faith shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to existing Holders.
Section 2.03 Registrar and Paying Agent.
The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Securities may be presented for registration of transfer or where Securities of a Series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange (“Registrar”), an office or agency where Securities may be presented for payment (“Paying Agent”) and an office or agency where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served. The Registrar shall keep a register of the Securities and of their transfer and exchange (the “Security Register”). The Company may have one or more co-Registrars and one or more additional paying agents. The term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent.
The Company shall enter into an appropriate agency agreement with any Agent not a party to this Base Indenture. The agreement shall implement the provisions of this Indenture that relate to such Agent. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any such Agent and the Trustee shall have the right to inspect the Securities Register at all reasonable times to obtain copies thereof, and the Trustee shall have the right to rely upon such register as to the names and addresses of the Holders and the principal amounts and certificate numbers thereof. If the Company fails to maintain a Registrar or Paying Agent or fails to give the foregoing notice, the Trustee shall act as such.
The Company initially appoints the Trustee as Registrar and Paying Agent.
Section 2.04 Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.
Each Paying Agent shall hold in trust for the benefit of Securityholders and the Trustee all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Securities, and shall notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate the money and hold it as a separate trust fund. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon doing so the Paying Agent shall have no further liability for the money. Upon an Event of Default under Section 6.01(4) or (5) the Trustee shall automatically be the Paying Agent.
Section 2.05 Securityholder Lists.
The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders. If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least five (5) Business Days before each semiannual interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of Securityholders.
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Section 2.06 Transfer and Exchange.
Where a Security is presented to the Registrar or a co-Registrar with a request to register a transfer, the Registrar shall register the transfer as requested if the requirements of Section 8-401(a) of the NYUCC are met and the other provisions of this Section 2.06 are satisfied. Where Securities are presented to the Registrar or a co-Registrar with a request to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of other denominations, the Registrar shall make the exchange as requested if the same requirements are met. To permit transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. The Registrar need not transfer or exchange any Security selected for redemption or repurchase, except the unredeemed or repurchased part thereof if the Security is redeemed or repurchased in part, or transfer or exchange any Securities for a period of 15 days before a selection of Securities to be redeemed or repurchased. Any exchange or transfer shall be without charge, except that the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto except in the case of exchanges pursuant to 2.09, 3.06, or 10.05 not involving any transfer.
Any Holder of a Global Security shall, by acceptance of such Global Security, agree that transfers of beneficial interests in such Global Security may be effected only through a book entry system maintained by the Holder of such Global Security (or its agent), and that ownership of a beneficial interest in the Security shall be required to be reflected in a book entry.
Section 2.07 Replacement Securities.
If the Holder of a Security claims that the Security has been lost, destroyed, mutilated or wrongfully taken, the Company shall issue and execute a replacement security and, upon written request of any Officer of the Company, the Trustee shall authenticate such replacement Security, provided, in the case of a lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken Security, that the requirements of Section 8-405 of the NYUCC are met. If any such lost, destroyed, mutilated or wrongfully taken Security shall have matured or shall be about to mature, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security therefor, pay such Security without requiring (except in the case of a mutilated Security) the surrender thereof. An indemnity bond must be sufficient in the judgment of the Company and the Trustee to protect the Company, the Trustee and any Agent from any loss which any of them may suffer if a Security is replaced, including the acquisition of such Security by a bona fide purchaser. The Company and the Trustee may charge for its expenses in replacing a Security.
Section 2.08 Outstanding Securities.
Securities outstanding at any time are all Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those cancelled by it and those described in this Section. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or one of its Affiliates holds the Security.
If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.07, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a “protected purchaser” (as such term is defined in the NYUCC).
If the Paying Agent holds on a redemption date, purchase date or maturity date money sufficient to pay Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.
Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.
Section 2.09 Temporary Securities.
Until Definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall (upon receipt of an order from the Company) authenticate temporary Securities. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of Definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and, upon surrender for cancellation of the temporary Security, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate Definitive Securities in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as Definitive Securities authenticated and delivered hereunder.
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Section 2.10 Cancellation.
The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange, redemption, purchase or payment. The Trustee and no one else shall cancel and dispose of such cancelled or tendered securities, or retain in accordance with its standard retention policy, all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, redemption, purchase, payment or cancellation. Unless the Authorizing Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture so provides, the Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has previously paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
Section 2.11 Defaulted Interest.
If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on the Securities of any Series, it shall pay the defaulted interest plus any interest payable on the defaulted interest to the persons who are Securityholders of such Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix such special record date and a payment date which shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee. At least 15 days before such special record date, the Company shall mail to each Securityholder of the relevant Series a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount of defaulted interest to be paid. On or before the date such notice is mailed, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the amount of defaulted interest to be so paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.
Section 2.12 Treasury Securities.
In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any direction, waiver, consent or notice, Securities owned by the Company or any of its Affiliates shall be considered as though they are not outstanding, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Securities which a Trust Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so considered.
Section 2.13 CUSIP/ISIN Numbers.
The Company in issuing the Securities of any Series may use a “CUSIP” and/or “ISIN” or other similar number, and if so, the Trustee shall use the CUSIP and/or ISIN or other similar number in notices of redemption or exchange as a convenience to Holders of such Securities; provided that no representation is hereby deemed to be made by the Trustee as to the correctness or accuracy of any such CUSIP and/or ISIN or other similar number printed in the notice or on such Securities, and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on such Securities. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in any CUSIP and/or ISIN or other similar number.
Section 2.14 Deposit of Moneys.
Prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on each interest payment date and maturity date with respect to each Series of Securities, the Company shall have deposited with the Paying Agent in immediately available funds money in the applicable currency sufficient to make cash payments due on such interest payment date or maturity date, as the case may be, in a timely manner which permits the Paying Agent to remit payment to the Holders of such Series on such interest payment date or maturity date, as the case may be.
Section 2.15 Book-Entry Provisions for Global Security.
(a) Any Global Security of a Series initially shall (i) be registered in the name of the Depositary or the nominee of such Depositary, (ii) be delivered to the Trustee as custodian for such Depositary and (iii) bear any required legends.
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Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Agent Members”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary, or the Trustee as its custodian, or under the Global Security, and the Depositary may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the absolute owner of the Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of a Holder of any Security.
(b) Transfers of any Global Security shall be limited to transfers in whole, but not in part, to the Depositary, its successors or their respective nominees. Interests of beneficial owners in the Global Security may be transferred or exchanged for Definitive Securities in accordance with the rules and procedures of the Depositary. In addition, Definitive Securities shall be transferred to all beneficial owners in exchange for their beneficial interests in a Global Security if (i) the Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Global Security or the Depositary has ceased to be a “clearing agency” registered under the Exchange Act, and a successor depository is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of such notice, or (ii) the Company elects, at any time in its sole discretion, to discontinue use of the system of book entry transfer through any Depositary. Any Security that is held in the form of a Global Security and that is exchanged pursuant to clause (i) above shall be so exchanged in whole and not in part, and any Security that is held in the form of a Global Security and that is exchanged pursuant to clause (ii) above may be exchanged in whole or from time to time in part as directed by the Company.
(c) In connection with any transfer or exchange of a portion of the beneficial interest in any Global Security to beneficial owners pursuant to paragraph (b), the Registrar shall (if one or more Definitive Securities are to be issued) reflect on its books and records the date and a decrease in the principal amount of the Global Security in an amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interest in the Global Security to be transferred, and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, one or more Definitive Securities of like Series and amount.
(d) In connection with the transfer of an entire Global Security to beneficial owners pursuant to paragraph (b), the Global Security shall be deemed to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation, and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, to each beneficial owner identified by the Depositary in exchange for its beneficial interest in the Global Security, an equal aggregate principal amount of Definitive Securities of the same Series in authorized denominations.
(e) The Holder of any Global Security may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any person, including Agent Members and persons that may hold interests through Agent Members, to take any action which a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities of such Series.
(f) Unless otherwise provided in the Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture for a particular Series of Securities, each Global Security of such Series shall bear legends in substantially the following forms:
“THIS GLOBAL SECURITY IS HELD BY THE DEPOSITARY (AS DEFINED IN THE INDENTURE GOVERNING THIS SECURITY) OR ITS NOMINEE IN CUSTODY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE HOLDERS OF BENEFICIAL INTERESTS HEREIN, AND IS NOT TRANSFERABLE TO ANY PERSON UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES EXCEPT THAT (I) THE TRUSTEE MAY MAKE ANY SUCH NOTATIONS HEREON AS MAY BE REQUIRED PURSUANT TO THE INDENTURE, (II) THIS GLOBAL SECURITY MAY BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE BUT NOT IN PART PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.06 AND SECTION 2.15 OF THE INDENTURE, (III) THIS GLOBAL SECURITY MAY BE DELIVERED TO THE TRUSTEE FOR CANCELLATION PURSUANT TO THE INDENTURE AND (IV) THIS GLOBAL SECURITY MAY BE TRANSFERRED TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE COMPANY.”
“UNLESS AND UNTIL IT IS EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR SECURITIES IN DEFINITIVE FORM, THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR TO ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY. UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO ISSUER OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE, OR PAYMENT, ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS
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REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE, OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.”
Section 2.16 No Duty to Monitor.
The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among Agent Members or beneficial owners of interests in any Global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.
Neither the Trustee nor any Agent shall have any responsibility for any actions taken or not taken by the Depositary.
ARTICLE THREE
REDEMPTION
Section 3.01 Notices to Trustee.
Securities of a Series that are redeemable prior to maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and, unless the Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture provides otherwise, in accordance with this Article Three.
If the Company wants to redeem Securities pursuant to Paragraph 4 of the Securities, it shall notify the Trustee in writing of the redemption date and the principal amount of Securities to be redeemed. Any such notice may be cancelled at any time prior to notice of such redemption being mailed to Holders. Any such cancelled notice shall be void and of no effect.
If the Company wants to credit any Securities previously redeemed, retired or acquired against any redemption pursuant to Paragraph 5 of the Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of the amount of the credit and it shall deliver any Securities not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation with such notice.
The Company shall give each notice provided for in this Section 3.01 at least 30 days before the notice of any such redemption is to be delivered to Holders (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee).
Section 3.02 Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.
If fewer than all of the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Trustee (or depository, as applicable) shall select the Securities to be redeemed by lot, pro rata, or such other method the Trustee (or depository, as applicable) considers fair and appropriate and in a manner that complies with applicable requirements of the Depositary. The Trustee (or depository, as applicable) shall make the selection from Securities outstanding not previously called for redemption and shall promptly notify the Company of the serial numbers or other identifying attributes of the Securities so selected. The Trustee (or depository, as applicable) may select for redemption portions of the principal of Securities that have denominations larger than the minimum denomination for the Series. Securities and portions of them it selects shall be in amounts equal to a permissible denomination for the Series. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities called for redemption.
Unless otherwise provided in the Authorizing Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture relating to a Series, if any Security selected for partial redemption is converted into or exchanged for the Company’s Capital Stock or other securities, cash or other property in part before termination of the conversion or exchange right with respect to the portion of the Security so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities which have been converted or exchanged during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by the Trustee as outstanding for the purpose of such selection.
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Section 3.03 Notice of Redemption.
At least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall send a notice of redemption by first-class mail, postage prepaid (or in the case of Global Securities, deliver electronically in accordance with the applicable procedures of the Depositary), to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed (with a copy to the Trustee).
The notice shall identify the Securities to be redeemed and shall state:
| (1) | the redemption date; |
| (2) | the redemption price or the formula pursuant to which such price will be calculated; |
| (3) | if any Security is being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Security to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion shall be issued upon cancellation of the original Security; |
| (4) | in the case of Securities of a Series that are convertible or exchangeable into shares of the Company’s Capital Stock or other securities, cash or other property, the conversion or exchange price or rate, the date or dates on which the right to convert or exchange the principal of the Securities of such Series to be redeemed will commence or terminate and the place or places where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange; |
| (5) | the name and address of the Paying Agent; |
| (6) | that Securities called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price; |
| (7) | that interest on Securities called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date; |
| (8) | that the Securities are being redeemed pursuant to the mandatory redemption or the optional redemption provisions, as applicable; and |
| (9) | the CUSIP number and/or ISIN or other similar number used to identify the Securities, that no representation is hereby deemed to be made by the Trustee as to the correctness or accuracy of any such CUSIP and/or ISIN or other similar number printed in the notice or on such Securities, and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on such Securities. |
At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at its expense; provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to the Trustee at least 15 days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is to be mailed or such shorter period as may be satisfactory to the Trustee, an Officers’ Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph.
Section 3.04 Effect of Notice of Redemption.
Once notice of redemption is mailed, Securities called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price as set forth in the notice of redemption, which notice, and which obligation to redeem such Securities, may, at the Company’s discretion, be subject to one or more conditions precedent as set forth in such notice. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.
Section 3.05 Deposit of Redemption Price.
On or before the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent immediately available funds in the applicable currency sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.
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Section 3.06 Securities Redeemed in Part.
Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate for each Holder a new Security of the same Series equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.
ARTICLE FOUR
COVENANTS
Section 4.01 Payment of Securities.
The Company shall pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on a Series on the dates, in the currency and in the manner provided in the Securities of the Series. An installment of principal, premium, if any, or interest shall be considered paid on the date it is due if the Paying Agent holds on that date money in the applicable currency designated for and sufficient to pay the installment.
Section 4.02 Maintenance of Office or Agency.
The Company shall maintain the office or agency required under Section 2.03. The Company shall give prior written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the address of the Trustee.
Section 4.03 Reports.
At any time when the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company shall file with the Trustee, within fifteen (15) days after it actually files the same with the SEC (regardless of when the same is required to be filed with the SEC), each annual, quarterly or current report, information or proxy statement other report which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to file or deliver to the Trustee any material for which the Company has sought and received, or is seeking, confidential treatment by the SEC; and, provided further, that the Company shall be deemed to have filed such information with the Trustee if the Company has filed such information on the SEC’s EDGAR system (or any successor system) and such information is publicly available. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA Section 314(a). The Trustee does not have the duty to review such information, documents or reports, is not considered to have notice of the content of such information, documents or reports and does not have a duty to verify the accuracy of such information, documents or reports, including the compliance with the Company of any of its covenants or other obligations hereunder.
Section 4.04 Compliance Certificate.
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company an Officers’ Certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any continuing Default by the Company in performing any of its obligations under this Indenture. If they do know of such a Default, the certificate shall describe the Default. In addition, the Company will notify the Trustee within 5 business days upon the Company’s knowledge of a Default.
Section 4.05 Waiver of Stay, Extension or Usury Laws.
The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law or any usury law or other law that would prohibit or forgive the Company from paying all or any portion of the principal of or interest on the Securities of any Series as contemplated herein, wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, or which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) the Company expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.
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ARTICLE FIVE
SUCCESSOR CORPORATION
Section 5.01 When Company May Merge, etc.
The Company will not consolidate or merge with or into, or sell, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets (including by way of liquidation or dissolution), to any Person (in each case other than in a transaction in which the Company is the survivor of a consolidation or merger, or the transferee in a sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition) unless:
| (1) | the Person formed by or surviving such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company), or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition will be made (collectively, the “Successor”) assumes by supplemental indenture in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee all of the obligations of the Company under the Securities, as the case may be, and the Indenture, and |
| (2) | immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing. |
The foregoing provisions shall not apply to a transaction the purpose of which is to change the state of incorporation of the Company.
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.
Upon any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the Successor will be substituted for the Company under the Indenture. The Successor may then exercise every power and right of the Company under this Indenture, and except in the case of a lease, the Company will be released from all of its liabilities and obligations in respect of the Securities and the Indenture. If the Company leases all or substantially all of its assets, the Company will not be released from its obligations to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities.
ARTICLE SIX
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
Section 6.01 Events of Default.
An “Event of Default” with respect to a Series occurs upon the occurrence of any of the following:
| (1) | the failure by the Company to pay interest on any Security of such Series when the same becomes due and payable and the continuance of any such failure for a period of 30 days; |
| (2) | the failure by the Company to pay the principal of any Security of such Series when the same becomes due and payable at maturity, upon acceleration, redemption or otherwise; |
| (3) | the failure by the Company to comply with any of its agreements or covenants in, or provisions of, the Securities of such Series or this Indenture (as they relate thereto) and such failure continues for the period and after the notice specified below (except in the case of a default with respect to Article Five (or any other provision specified in the applicable supplemental indenture or Authorizing Resolution), which will constitute an Event of Default with notice but without passage of time); |
| (4) | the Company or any Subsidiary that is a Significant Subsidiary pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law: |
| (A) | commences a voluntary case, |
| (B) | consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, |
| (C) | consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its Property, or |
| (D) | makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; |
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| (5) | a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that: |
| (A) | is for relief against the Company or any Subsidiary that is a Significant Subsidiary as debtor in an involuntary case, |
| (B) | appoints a Custodian of the Company or any Subsidiary that is a Significant Subsidiary or a Custodian for all or substantially all of the Property of the Company, or |
| (C) | orders the liquidation of the Company or any Subsidiary that is a Significant Subsidiary, |
and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 days.
A Default as described in subclause (3) above will not be deemed an Event of Default until the Trustee notifies the Company, or the Holders of at least 25 percent in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of the applicable Series notify the Company and the Trustee, of the Default and (except in the case of a default with respect to Article Five (or any other provision specified in the applicable supplemental indenture or Authorizing Resolution)) the Company does not cure the Default within 60 days after receipt of the notice. The notice must specify the Default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a “Notice of Default.” If such a Default is cured within such time period, it ceases to exist, without any action by the Trustee or any other Person.
The term “Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, custodian or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
Section 6.02 Acceleration.
If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default with respect to the Company resulting from subclause (4) or (5) above), shall have occurred and be continuing under the Indenture, the Trustee by notice to the Company, or the Holders of at least 25 percent in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series then outstanding by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare all Securities of such Series to be due and payable immediately. Upon such declaration of acceleration, the amounts due and payable on the Securities of such Series will be due and payable immediately. If an Event of Default with respect to the Company specified in subclauses (4) or (5) above occurs, all amounts due and payable on the Securities of such Series will ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration, notice or other act on the part of the Trustee and the Company or any Holder.
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of such Series may rescind an acceleration with respect to such Series and its consequence (except an acceleration due to nonpayment of principal or interest) if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing Events of Default (other than the non-payment of accelerated principal) have been cured or waived.
No such rescission shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent Event of Default, or shall impair any right or power consequent thereon.
Section 6.03 Other Remedies.
If an Event of Default on a Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy by proceeding at law or in equity to collect the payment of principal of or interest on the Series or to enforce the performance of any provision in the Securities or this Indenture applicable to the Series.
The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Securityholder in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. No remedy is exclusive of any other remedy. All available remedies are cumulative.
Section 6.04 Waiver of Existing Defaults.
Subject to Section 10.02, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a Series on behalf of all the Holders of the Series by notice to the Trustee may waive an existing Default on such Series and its consequences. When a Default is waived, it is cured and stops continuing, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
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Section 6.05 Control by Majority.
The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of a Series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it with respect to such Series. The Trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction (i) that conflicts with law or this Indenture, (ii) that, subject to Section 7.01, the Trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Securityholders, (iii) that would involve the Trustee in personal liability, if there shall be reasonable grounds for believing that adequate indemnity against such liability is not reasonably assured to it, or (iv) if the Trustee shall not have been provided with indemnity satisfactory to it.
Section 6.06 Limitation on Suits.
A Securityholder of a Series may not pursue any remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities of a Series unless:
| (1) | the Holder gives to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default on the Series; |
| (2) | the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of the Series make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy; |
| (3) | such Holder or Holders offer, and, if requested, provide to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense; |
| (4) | the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer of indemnity; and |
| (5) | no written request inconsistent with such written request shall have been given to the Trustee pursuant to this Section 6.06. |
A Securityholder may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of Securities of the same Series or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder of Securities of the same Series (it being understood that the Trustee does not have an affirmative duty to ascertain whether or not such actions or forbearances by such Holder are unduly prejudicial to another Holder).
Section 6.07 Rights of Holders to Receive Payment and Convert.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder to receive payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Security, or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, is absolute and unconditional and shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of the Holder. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture or the Securities, the right of any Holder of Securities to convert such Securities in accordance with this Indenture, or to bring suit for the enforcement of such right, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of the Holder.
Section 6.08 Collection Suit by Trustee.
If an Event of Default in payment of interest or principal specified in Section 6.01(1) or (2) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of principal and interest remaining unpaid.
Section 6.09 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.
The Trustee may file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements, and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and the Securityholders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company or its creditors or Property, and unless prohibited by applicable law or regulation, may vote on behalf of the Holders in any election of a Custodian, and shall be entitled and empowered to collect and receive any moneys or other Property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same and any Custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Securityholder to make such payments to the Trustee. Nothing herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or vote for or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder except as aforesaid for the election of the Custodian.
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Section 6.10 Priorities.
If the Trustee collects any money or property pursuant to this Article with respect to Securities of any Series, it shall pay out the money or property in the following order:
| First: | to the Trustee for amounts due under Section 7.07; |
| Second: | to Securityholders of the Series for amounts due and unpaid on the Series for principal and interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Series for principal and interest, respectively; and |
| Third: | to the Company or as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct. |
The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Securityholders pursuant to this Section 6.10.
Section 6.11 Undertaking for Costs.
In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, against any party litigant in the suit, having the due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder pursuant to Section 6.07 or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the Series.
ARTICLE SEVEN
TRUSTEE
Section 7.01 Duties of Trustee.
(a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall, prior to the receipt of directions from the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the Series, exercise its rights and powers and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of their own affairs.
(b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:
(1) The Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee.
(2) In the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. The Trustee, however, in the case of certificates or opinions specifically required by any provision hereof to be furnished to it, shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts or matters stated therein.
(c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:
(1) This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.
(2) The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Trust Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.
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(3) The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.05 or any other direction of the Holders permitted hereunder.
(d) Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.
(e) The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.
(f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
(g) None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if there shall be reasonable grounds for believing that the repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such liability is not reasonably assured to it.
Section 7.02 Rights of Trustee.
Subject to Section 7.01:
(a) The Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting on any document, resolution, certificate, instrument, report, or direction believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document, resolution, certificate, instrument, report, or direction.
(b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both, which shall conform to Sections 12.04 and 12.05 hereof and containing such other statements as the Trustee reasonably deems necessary to perform its duties hereunder. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on the Officers’ Certificate, Opinion of Counsel or any other direction of the Company permitted hereunder.
(c) The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care.
(d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture.
(e) The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection, and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel as to matters of law shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, omitted or suffered by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with the advice or opinion of such counsel.
(f) Unless otherwise specifically provided in the Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company.
(g) For all purposes under this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice or knowledge of any Event of Default unless written notice of any Event of Default is received by the Trustee at its address specified in Section 12.02 hereof and such notice references the Securities generally, the Company and this Indenture.
(h) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered, and, if requested, provided to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.
(i) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney at the sole cost of the Company and shall incur no liability or additional liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation.
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(j) In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.
(k) The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder.
(l) The Trustee may request that the Company deliver a certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture.
(m) In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.
(n) The permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein shall not be construed as duties.
(o) The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers and duties hereunder.
Section 7.03 Individual Rights of Trustee.
The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or its affiliates with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee, however, must comply with Sections 7.10 and 7.11.
Section 7.04 Trustee’s Disclaimer.
The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture, the Securities or of any prospectus used to sell the Securities of any Series; it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities; it shall not be accountable for any money paid to the Company, or upon the Company’s direction, if made under and in accordance with any provision of this Indenture; it shall not be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee; and it shall not be responsible for any statement of the Company in this Indenture or in the Securities other than its certificate of authentication.
Section 7.05 Notice of Defaults.
If a Default on a Series occurs and is continuing and if it is known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall deliver to each Securityholder of the Series notice of the Default (which shall specify any uncured Default known to it) within 90 days after a Trust Officer obtains such knowledge. Except in the case of a default in payment of principal of or interest on a Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as the Trustee in good faith determine(s) that withholding the notice is in the interests of Holders of the Series.
Section 7.06 Reports by Trustee to Holders.
Within 60 days after each May 15 beginning with the May 15 following the date of this Base Indenture, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder a brief report dated as of such May 15 that complies with TIA § 313(a) (but if no event described in TIA § 313(1) through (8) has occurred within the twelve months preceding the reporting date no report in relation thereto need be transmitted). The Trustee also shall comply with TIA § 313(b).
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A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders shall be delivered to the Company and filed by the Trustee with the SEC and each national securities exchange on which the Securities are listed. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee of each national securities exchange on which the Securities are listed.
Section 7.07 Compensation and Indemnity.
The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for its services subject to any written agreement between the Trustee and the Company (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust). The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel. The Company shall indemnify the Trustee, its officers, directors, employees and agents and hold it harmless against any loss, liability or expense incurred or made by or on behalf of it in connection with the administration of this Indenture or the trust hereunder and its duties hereunder including the costs and expenses of defending itself against or investigating any claim in the premises. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim of which it has received written notice and for which it may seek indemnity. The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee through the Trustee’s, or its officers’, directors’, or employees’ gross negligence or willful misconduct, as determined by a final non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction.
Unless otherwise provided in any supplemental indenture or Authorizing Resolution relating to any Series, to ensure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of all Series on all money or Property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of or interest on particular Securities. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01 or in connection with Article Six hereof, the expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for services in connection therewith are to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law. Section 7.07 shall survive the discharge of the Indenture or resignation of Trustee.
Section 7.08 Replacement of Trustee.
The Trustee may resign with respect to Securities of any or all Series by so notifying the Company. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities (or of the relevant Series) may remove the Trustee by so notifying the removed Trustee in writing and may appoint a successor trustee with the Company’s consent. Such resignation or removal shall not take effect until the appointment by the Securityholders of the relevant Series or the Company as hereinafter provided of a successor trustee and the acceptance of such appointment by such successor trustee. The Company may remove the Trustee and any Securityholder may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee for any or no reason, including if:
| (1) | the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10 after written request by the Company or any bona fide Securityholder who has been a Securityholder for at least six months; |
| (2) | the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent; |
| (3) | a receiver or other public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its Property; or |
| (4) | the Trustee becomes incapable of acting. |
If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of the relevant Series. If a successor trustee does not take office within 30 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee at the expense of the Company, the Company or any Holder may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee.
A successor trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges hereunder, transfer all Property held by it as Trustee to the successor trustee, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this Indenture. A successor trustee shall mail notice of its succession to each Securityholder.
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Section 7.09 Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.
If the Trustee consolidates with, merges with or into or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another entity, the successor entity without any further act shall be the successor trustee.
Section 7.10 Eligibility; Disqualification.
This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1). The Trustee shall have a combined capital and surplus of at least $10,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b).
Section 7.11 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.
The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated therein.
ARTICLE EIGHT
DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE
Section 8.01 Defeasance upon Deposit of Moneys or Government Obligations.
(a) The Company may, at its option and at any time, elect to have either paragraph (b) or paragraph (c) below be applied to the outstanding Securities of any Series upon compliance with the applicable conditions set forth in paragraph (d).
(b) Upon the Company’s exercise under paragraph (a) of the option applicable to this paragraph (b) with respect to any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have been released and discharged from its obligations with respect to the outstanding Securities of the Series on the date the applicable conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Legal Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the outstanding Securities of a Series, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of the Sections and matters under this Indenture referred to in (i) and (ii) below, and the Company shall be deemed to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned, except for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of Holders of outstanding Securities of a Series to receive solely from the trust fund described in paragraph (d) below and as more fully set forth in such paragraph, payments in respect of the principal of and interest on such Securities when such payments are due and (ii) obligations listed in Section 8.02, subject to compliance with this Section 8.01. The Company may exercise its option under this paragraph (b) with respect to a Series notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under paragraph (c) below with respect to the Securities of the Series.
(c) Upon the Company’s exercise under paragraph (a) of the option applicable to this paragraph (c) with respect to a Series, the Company shall be released and discharged from the obligations under any covenant contained in Article Five, Sections 4.03 and any other covenant contained in or referenced in the Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture relating to such Series (to the extent such release and discharge shall not be prohibited thereby), on and after the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, “Covenant Defeasance”), and the Securities of such Series shall thereafter be deemed to be not “outstanding” for the purpose of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the outstanding Securities of a Series, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in the
covenants described in the preceding sentence, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.01(3) or otherwise, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.
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(d) The following shall be the conditions to application of either paragraph (b) or paragraph (c) above to the outstanding Securities of the applicable Series:
(1) The Company shall have irrevocably deposited in trust with the Trustee (or another qualifying trustee), money in the currency in which the Securities of such Series are payable or Government Obligations or a combination thereof in such amounts and at such times as are sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series to maturity or redemption; provided, however, that the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) shall have received an irrevocable written order from the Company instructing the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to apply such money or the proceeds of such Government Obligations to said payments with respect to the Securities of such Series to maturity or redemption;
(2) No Default or Event of Default (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from non-compliance with any covenant from which the Company is released upon effectiveness of such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance pursuant to paragraph (b) or (c) hereof, as applicable) shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or result therefrom;
(3) (i) In the event the Company elects paragraph (b) hereof, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, to the effect that (A) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B) since the Issue Date pertaining to such Series, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall state that, or (ii) in the event the Company elects paragraph (c) hereof, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States, to the effect that, in the case of clauses (i) and (ii), and subject to customary assumptions and exclusions, Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and the defeasance contemplated hereby and will be subject to federal income tax in the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred;
(4) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate, stating that the deposit under clause (1) was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company or others;
(5) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel (subject to customary assumptions and qualifications) to the effect that, assuming no intervening bankruptcy of the Company between the date of deposit and the 91st day following the deposit and assuming that no Holder is an “insider” of the Company under applicable Bankruptcy Law, after the 91st day following the deposit, the trust funds shall not be subject to the effect of Section 547 of the United States Bankruptcy Code or any analogous New York State law provision; and
(6) The Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent specified herein relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section 8.01 have been complied with.
In the event all or any portion of the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed through such irrevocable trust, the Company must make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee, at the time of such deposit, for the giving of the notice of such redemption or redemptions by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.
(e) In addition to the Company’s rights above under this Section 8.01, the Company may terminate all of its obligations under this Indenture with respect to a Series, when:
(1) All Securities of such Series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.07 and Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (A) have become due and payable, (B) will become due and payable at maturity within one year or (C) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, and in each such case, the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be
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deposited with the Trustee (or another qualifying trustee) as trust funds in trust solely for that purpose an amount of money in the currency in which the Securities of such Series are payable or Government Obligations or a combination thereof sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on the Securities of such Series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal of and interest on the Securities of such Series, on the date of such deposit or to the maturity or redemption date, as the case may be;
(2) The Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company;
(3) The Company has delivered irrevocable instructions to the Trustee (or such other qualifying trustee), to apply the deposited money toward the payment of the Securities of such Series at maturity or redemption, as the case may be; and
(4) The Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, stating that all conditions precedent specified in this Section 8.01(e) relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.
Section 8.02 Survival of the Company’s Obligations.
Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture under Section 8.01, the Company’s obligations in Paragraph 8 of the Securities and Sections 2.03 through 2.07, 4.01, 7.07, 7.08, 8.04 and 8.05, however, shall survive until the Securities of an applicable Series are no longer outstanding. Thereafter, the Company’s obligations in Paragraph 8 of the Securities of such Series and Sections 7.07, 8.04 and 8.05 shall survive (as they relate to such Series) such satisfaction and discharge.
Section 8.03 Application of Trust Money.
The Trustee shall hold in trust money or Government Obligations deposited with it pursuant to Section 8.01. It shall apply the deposited money and the money from Government Obligations in accordance with this Indenture to the payment of principal of and interest on the Securities of the defeased Series.
Section 8.04 Repayment to the Company.
The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall promptly pay to the Company upon request any excess money or securities held by them at any time. The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal or interest that remains unclaimed for two years, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once in a newspaper of general circulation in the City of New York or mail to each such Holder notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication or mailing, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company. After payment to the Company, Securityholders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless applicable abandoned property law designates another person and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such money shall cease.
Section 8.05 Reinstatement.
If the Trustee is unable to apply any money or Government Obligations in accordance with Section 8.01 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the Company’s obligations under this Indenture and the Securities relating to the Series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.01 until such time as the Trustee is permitted to apply all such money or Government Obligations in accordance with Section 8.01; provided, however, that (a) if the Company has made any payment of interest on or principal of any Securities of the Series because of the reinstatement of its obligations hereunder, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money or Government Obligations held by the Trustee and (b) unless otherwise required by any legal proceeding or any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority, the Trustee shall return all such money or Government Obligations to the Company promptly after receiving a written request therefor at any time, if such reinstatement of the Company’s obligations has occurred and continues to be in effect.
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ARTICLE NINE
RESERVED
ARTICLE TEN
AMENDMENTS, SUPPLEMENTS AND WAIVERS
Section 10.01 Without Consent of Holders.
The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of a Series without notice to or consent of any Securityholder of such Series:
| (1) | to cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency; |
| (2) | to comply with Article Five; |
| (3) | to provide that specific provisions of this Indenture shall not apply to a Series not previously issued or to make a change to specific provisions of this Indenture that only applies to any Series not previously issued or to additional Securities of a Series not previously issued; |
| (4) | to create a Series and establish its terms; |
| (5) | to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities; |
| (6) | to release a guarantor in respect of any Series which, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture applicable to the particular Series, ceases to be liable in respect of its guarantee; |
| (7) | to add a guarantor in respect of any Series; |
| (8) | to secure any Series; |
| (9) | to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders or surrender any right or power conferred upon the Company; |
| (10) | to appoint a successor trustee with respect to the Securities; |
| (11) | to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA; |
| (12) | to make any other change that does not adversely affect the rights of Securityholders; and |
| (13) | to conform the provisions of the Indenture to the final offering memorandum or prospectus in respect of any Series. |
After an amendment under this Section 10.01 becomes effective, the Company shall mail notice of such amendment to the Securityholders.
Section 10.02 With Consent of Holders.
The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement any provision of the Securities of a Series or of this Indenture relating to such Series without notice to any Securityholder of such Series but with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series (including consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities of such Series). Each such Series shall vote as a separate class. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of the Securities of such Series or of this Indenture relating to such Series without notice to any Securityholder (including any waiver granted in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, Securities of such Series). Without the consent of each Holder of a Security the terms of which are directly amended, supplemented or waived, however, an amendment, supplement or waiver, including a waiver pursuant to Section 6.04, may not (with respect to any Securities of such Series held by a non-consenting Holder):
(1) reduce the amount of Securities of the relevant Series whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;
(2) reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest, including defaulted interest, on any Security;
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(3) reduce the principal of or extend the fixed maturity of any Security or alter the provisions (including related definitions) with respect to redemption of any Security pursuant to Article Three hereof or with respect to any obligations on the part of the Company to offer to purchase or to redeem Securities of a Series pursuant to the Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture pertaining to such Series in a manner adverse to Holders;
(4) make any change that adversely affects any right of a Holder to convert or exchange any Security into or for shares of the Company’s Capital Stock or other securities, cash or other property in accordance with the terms of such Security;
(5) modify the ranking or priority of the Securities of the relevant Series or any guarantee thereof;
(6) release any guarantor of any Series from any of its obligations under its guarantee or this Indenture otherwise than in accordance with the terms of this Indenture;
(7) make any change in Sections 6.04, 6.07 or this Section 10.02, except to increase the percentage required for modification or waiver or to provide for consent of each affected Holder of Securities of such Series;
(8) waive a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security; or
(9) make any Security payable at a place or in money other than that stated in the Security, or impair the right of any Securityholder to bring suit as permitted by Section 6.07.
An amendment of a provision included solely for the benefit of one or more Series does not affect the interests of Securityholders of any other Series.
It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplement, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof.
Section 10.03 Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.
Every amendment to or supplement of this Indenture or any Securities shall comply with the TIA as then in effect.
Section 10.04 Revocation and Effect of Consents.
A consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver by a Holder shall bind the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. Unless otherwise provided in the consent or the consent solicitation statement or other document describing the terms of the consent, any Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to its Security or portion of a Security. Any revocation of a consent by the Holder of a Security or any such subsequent Holder shall be effective only if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date on which the Trustee receives an Officers’ Certificate from the Company certifying that the requisite number of consents have been received.
The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Securities of any Series entitled to consent to any amendment, supplement or waiver, which record date shall be at least 10 days prior to the first solicitation of such consent. If a record date is fixed, and if Holders otherwise have a right to revoke their consent under the consent or the consent solicitation statement or other document describing the terms of the consent, then notwithstanding the second to last sentence of the immediately preceding paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those Persons, shall be entitled to revoke any consent previously given, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date. No such consent shall be valid or effective for more than 90 days after such record date.
An amendment, supplement or waiver with respect to a Series becomes effective upon the (i) receipt by the Company or the Trustee of the requisite consents, (ii) satisfaction of any conditions to effectiveness as set forth in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto containing such amendment, supplement or waiver and (iii) execution of such amendment, supplement or waiver (or the related supplemental indenture) by the Company and the Trustee. After an amendment, supplement or waiver with respect to a Series becomes effective, it shall bind every Holder of such Series, unless it makes a change described in any of clauses (1) through (9) of Section 10.02, in which case, the amendment, supplement or waiver shall bind a Holder of a Security of such Series only if it has
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consented to such amendment, supplement or waiver and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security; provided that no such waiver shall impair or affect the right of any Holder to receive payment of principal of and interest on a Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security, or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates without the consent of such Holder.
Section 10.05 Notation on or Exchange of Securities.
If an amendment, supplement or waiver changes the terms of a Security, the Company may require the Holder of the Security to deliver it to the Trustee, at which time the Trustee shall place an appropriate notation on the Security about the changed terms and return it to the Holder. Alternatively, if the Company or the Trustee so determines, the Company in exchange for the Security shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a new Security that reflects the changed terms.
Section 10.06 Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.
Subject to Section 7.02(b), the Trustee shall sign any amendment, supplement or waiver authorized pursuant to this Article if the amendment, supplement or waiver does not adversely affect the rights, duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. If it does, the Trustee may but need not sign it. In signing or refusing to sign such amendment or supplemental indenture, the Trustee shall be provided with and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that such amendment, supplement or waiver is authorized or permitted by this Indenture, and (solely with respect to such Opinion of Counsel) that it will be valid and binding upon the Company and enforceable in accordance with its terms.
ARTICLE ELEVEN
SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES
Section 11.01 Applicability of Article.
Whenever this Indenture provides for (i) any action by, or the determination of any of the rights of, Holders of Securities of any Series in which not all of such Securities are denominated in the same currency, or (ii) any distribution to Holders of Securities, in the absence of any provision to the contrary pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities of any particular Series, any amount in respect of any Security denominated in a Foreign Currency shall be treated for any such action or distribution as that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount on such reasonable basis of exchange and as of the record date with respect to Securities of such Series (if any) for such action, determination of rights or distribution (or, if there shall be no applicable record date, such other date reasonably proximate to the date of such action, determination of rights or distribution) as the Company may specify in a written notice to the Trustee or, in the absence of such written notice, as the paying agent or organization responsible for overseeing such composite currency may determine. The Trustee shall have no duty to calculate or verify the calculations made pursuant to this Section 11.01.
ARTICLE TWELVE
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 12.01 Trust Indenture Act Controls.
If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision which is required to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, the required provision shall control.
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Section 12.02 Notices.
Any order, consent, notice or communication shall be sufficiently given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed as follows:
if to the Company:
221 Crescent Street, Suite 103A
Waltham, MA 02453
Telephone: (617) 272-4600
Attention: Chief Legal Officer
Copy to:
Ropes & Gray LLP
800 Boylston Street
Boston, MA 02199
Telephone: (617) 951-7663
Attention: Zachary Blume
if to the Trustee:
U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association
60 Livingston Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55107
EP-MN-S3MC
Telephone: [*** *** ****]
Attention: Brandon Bonfig
The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.
Any notice or communication mailed to a Securityholder shall be sent electronically or mailed to him by first class mail at his address as it appears on the registration books of the Registrar, or, in the case of Global Securities, sent in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary and shall be sufficiently given to him if so sent within the time prescribed.
Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Securityholder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders. If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it except that notice to the Trustee shall only be effective upon receipt thereof by the Trustee.
If the Company mails notice or communications to the Securityholders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee at the same time.
In addition to the foregoing, the Trustee may accept and act upon notice, instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture sent by unsecured e-mail, facsimile transmission or other similar unsecured electronic methods. If the party elects to give the Trustee e-mail or facsimile instructions (or instructions by a similar electronic method) and the Trustee in its discretion elects to act upon such instructions, the Trustee’s understanding of such instructions shall be deemed controlling. The Trustee shall not be liable for any losses, costs or expenses arising
directly or indirectly from the Trustee’s reliance upon and compliance with such instructions notwithstanding such instructions conflict or are inconsistent with a subsequent written instruction. The party providing electronic instructions agrees to assume all risks arising out of the use of such electronic methods to submit instructions and directions to the Trustee, including without limitation the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk of interception and misuse by third parties.
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security, where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice of any event to a Holder of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given if given to the Depositary (or its designee) pursuant to the standing instructions from the Depositary or its designee.
Section 12.03 Communications by Holders with Other Holders.
Securityholders may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c).
Section 12.04 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.
Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:
| (1) | an Officers’ Certificate (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.05) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and |
| (2) | an Opinion of Counsel (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 12.05) stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action or inaction, have been complied with. |
Any Officers’ Certificate may be based, and may state that it is so based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, internal or external legal counsel. Any Opinion of Counsel may be based, and may state that it is so based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an Officer or Officers of the Company or any guarantor stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is known to the Company or such guarantor, unless such counsel knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.
Section 12.05 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.
Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:
| (1) | a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; |
| (2) | a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; |
| (3) | a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and |
| (4) | a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with. |
Section 12.06 Rules by Trustee and Agents.
The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Securityholders. The Registrar or Paying Agent may make reasonable rules for its functions.
Section 12.07 Legal Holidays.
A “Legal Holiday” is a Saturday, a Sunday, a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York or the place of payment are not required to be open. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday, payment may be made on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period. If this Indenture provides for a time period that ends or requires performance of any non-payment obligation by a day that is not a Business Day, then such time period shall instead be deemed to end on, and such obligation shall instead be performed by, the next succeeding Business Day. A “Business Day” is any day other than a Legal Holiday.
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Section 12.08 Governing Law.
The laws of the State of New York shall govern this Indenture and the Securities of each Series.
Section 12.09 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.
This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.
Section 12.10 No Recourse Against Others.
All liability described in Paragraph 12 of the Securities of any director, officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company is, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, waived and released.
Section 12.11 Successors and Assigns.
All covenants and agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successors and assigns. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successors and assigns.
Section 12.12 Duplicate Originals.
The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes. All notices, approvals, consents, requests and any communications hereunder must be in writing (provided that any such communication sent to the Trustee hereunder must be in the form of a document that is signed manually or by way of a digital signature provided by DocuSign (or such other digital signature provider as specified in writing to the Trustee by the authorized representative)), in English. The Company agrees to assume all risks arising out of the use of using digital signatures and electronic methods to submit communications to the Trustee, including without limitation the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk of interception and misuse by third parties.
Section 12.13 Severability.
In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of a Series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities.
Section 12.14 Waiver of Jury Trial.
EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.
Section 12.15 USA PATRIOT Act.
The Company acknowledges that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions, and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The Company agrees that it will provide the Trustee with such information as it may reasonably request as required in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.
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SIGNATURES
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, all as of the date first above written.
| VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Seth Harmon | |
| Name: | Seth Harmon | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | |
| U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee | ||
| By: | /s/ Brandon Bonfig | |
| Name: | Brandon Bonfig | |
| Title: | Vice President | |
EXHIBIT A
| No. |
CUSIP/ISIN No.: |
[Title of Security]
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.
a Delaware corporation
promises to pay to or registered assigns the principal sum of [Dollars]* on .
Interest Payment Dates: and
Record Dates: and
Authenticated: Dated:
| VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||
| By: |
||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, | ||
| as Trustee, certifies that this is one of the Securities referred to in the within mentioned Indenture. | ||
| By: | ||
| Authorized Signatory | ||
| * | Or other currency. Insert corresponding provisions on reverse side of Security in respect of foreign currency denomination or interest payment requirement. |
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.
[Title of Security]
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC., a Delaware corporation (together with its successors and assigns, the “Company”), issued this Security under an Indenture dated as of (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance therewith, the “Base Indenture”), as supplemented by the Supplemental Indenture dated as of (the “Supplemental Indenture” and together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”), by and among the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (in such capacity, the “Trustee”), to which reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights, obligations, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authorized and delivered. All terms used in this Security that are defined in the Indenture shall have the meanings assigned to them therein. If any terms of this Security conflicts with the terms of the Indenture, the terms of the Indenture shall govern and control.
1. Interest. The Company promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Security at the rate per annum shown above. The Company will pay interest semiannually on and of each year, commencing , , until the principal is paid or made available for payment. Interest on the Securities will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for or, if no interest has been paid, from . Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.
2. Method of Payment. The Company will pay interest on the Securities (except defaulted interest, if any, which will be paid on such special payment date to Holders of record on such special record date as may be fixed by the Company) to the persons who are registered Holders of Securities at the close of business on the [Insert record dates] immediately preceding the interest payment date. Holders must surrender Securities to a Paying Agent to collect principal payments. The Company will pay principal and interest in money of [Insert applicable country or currency] that at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts.
3. Paying Agent and Registrar. Initially, the Trustee will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company may change or appoint any Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar without notice. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their Affiliates may act as Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar.
4. Optional Redemption.1 The Company may redeem the Securities at any time on or after , in whole or in part, at the following redemption prices (expressed as a percentage of their principal amount) together with interest accrued and unpaid to the date fixed for redemption:
| If redeemed during the twelve-month period commencing on and ending on in each of the following years |
Percentage |
[Insert provisions relating to redemption at option of Holders, if any]
Notice of redemption will be sent at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed at its registered address (with a copy to the Trustee). Securities in denominations larger than2 may be redeemed in part. On and after the redemption date interest ceases to accrue on Securities or portions of them called for redemption, provided that if the Company shall default in the payment of such Securities at the redemption price together with accrued interest, interest shall continue to accrue at the rate borne by the Securities.
5. Mandatory Redemption.3 The Company shall redeem [ ]% of the aggregate principal amount of Securities originally issued under the Indenture on each of [ ], which redemptions are calculated to retire [ ]% of the Securities originally issued prior to maturity. Such redemptions shall be made at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued interest to the redemption date. The Company may reduce the principal amount of Securities to be redeemed pursuant to this Paragraph 5 by the principal amount of any Securities previously redeemed, retired or acquired, otherwise than pursuant to this Paragraph 5, that the Company has delivered to the Trustee for cancellation and not previously credited to the Company’s obligations under this Paragraph 5. Each such Security shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price and the amount of such mandatory redemption payment shall be reduced accordingly.
6. Denominations, Transfer, Exchange. The Securities are in registered form only without coupons in denominations of4 and integral multiples of in excess thereof.5 A Holder may transfer or exchange Securities by presentation of such Securities to the Registrar or a co-Registrar with a request to register the transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of other denominations. The Registrar may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture. The Registrar need not transfer or exchange any Security selected for redemption or purchase, except the unredeemed or unpurchased part thereof if the Security is redeemed or purchased in part, or transfer or exchange any Securities for a period of 15 days before a selection of Securities to be redeemed or purchased.
7. Persons Deemed Owners. The registered Holder of this Security shall be treated as the owner of it for all purposes.
| 1 | If applicable. |
| 2 | Insert applicable denominations and multiples. |
| 3 | If applicable. |
| 4 | Insert applicable denominations and multiples. |
| 5 | Insert applicable denominations and multiples. |
8. Unclaimed Money. Subject to any applicable abandoned property law, the Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon written request any money held by them for the payment of principal or interest that remains unclaimed for two years, and thereafter, Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors.
9. Amendment, Supplement, Waiver. Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture or the Securities of a Series may be amended or supplemented with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and any past default or compliance with any provision relating to any Series of the Securities may be waived in a particular instance with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series.6 Without the consent of any Securityholder, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement the Indenture or the Securities in certain respects as specified in the Indenture.
10. Successor Corporation. When a successor corporation assumes all the obligations of its predecessor under the Securities and the Indenture, the predecessor corporation will be released from those obligations.
11. Trustee Dealings With Company. Subject to certain limitations imposed by the TIA, the Trustee under the Indenture, in its individual or any other capacity, may make loans to, accept deposits from, and perform services for the Company or its affiliates, and may otherwise deal with the Company or its affiliates, as if it were not Trustee, including owning or pledging the Securities.
12. No Recourse Against Others. A director, officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities. The waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws.
13. Discharge of Indenture. The Indenture contains certain provisions pertaining to defeasance and discharge, which provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth herein.
14. Authentication. This Security shall not be valid until an authorized signatory of the Trustee manually signs the certificate of authentication on the other side of this Security.
15. Abbreviations. Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= custodian), and U/G/M/A (= Uniform Gift to Minors Act).
16. GOVERNING LAW. THIS SECURITY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
17. CUSIP and ISIN Numbers. Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Company has caused CUSIP and ISIN numbers to be printed on the Securities and has directed the Trustee to use CUSIP and ISIN numbers in notices of repurchase as a convenience to Holders. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of repurchase and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers placed thereon.
18. Copies. The Company will furnish to any Holder upon written request and without charge a copy of the Indenture and the applicable Authorizing Resolution or supplemental indenture. Requests may be made to: Viridian Therapeutics, Inc., [ ], Attention: [Chief Financial Officer].
| 6 | If different terms apply, insert a brief summary thereof. |
ASSIGNMENT FORM
If you the Holder want to assign this Security, fill in the form below:
I or we assign and transfer this Security to (insert assignee’s social security or tax ID number)
| (Print or type assignee’s name, address, and zip code) | ||||
and irrevocably appoint agent to transfer this Security on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him.
| Date: |
| |||
| Your signature (Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of this Security) | ||||
| Signature Guarantee: |
||||
Exhibit 4.2
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.
and
U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
as Trustee
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
Dated as of May 11, 2026
1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032
CROSS REFERENCE TABLE*
| Trust Indenture Act Section |
Indenture Section | |
| 310(a)(1) |
N/A | |
| (a)(2) |
N/A | |
| (a)(3) |
N/A | |
| (a)(4) |
N/A | |
| (a)(5) |
N/A | |
| (b) |
N/A | |
| (c) |
N/A | |
| 311(a) |
N/A | |
| (b) |
N/A | |
| (c) |
N/A | |
| 312(a) |
N/A | |
| (b) |
N/A | |
| (c) |
N/A | |
| 313(a) |
N/A | |
| (b)(1) |
N/A | |
| (b)(2) |
N/A | |
| (c) |
N/A | |
| (d) |
N/A | |
| 314(a) |
3.02(A) | |
| (b) |
N/A | |
| (c)(1) |
N/A | |
| (c)(2) |
N/A | |
| (c)(3) |
N/A | |
| (d) |
N/A | |
| (e) |
N/A | |
| (f) |
N/A | |
| 315(a) |
N/A | |
| (b) |
N/A | |
| (c) |
N/A | |
| (d) |
N/A | |
| (e) |
7.13 | |
| 316(a) (last sentence) |
2.15 | |
| (a)(1)(A) |
7.07 | |
| (a)(1)(B) |
7.05 | |
| (a)(2) |
N/A | |
| (b) |
7.09 | |
| (c) |
N/A | |
| 317(a)(1) |
7.10 | |
| (a)(2) |
7.11 | |
| (b) |
2.07 | |
| 318(a) |
11.17 | |
| (b) |
N/A | |
| (c) |
N/A |
N/A means not applicable.
| * | This Cross Reference Table is not part of the Indenture. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||
| Article 1. Definitions; Rules of Construction; Scope and Interpretation of Base Indenture |
1 | |||||
| Section 1.01 |
Definitions | 1 | ||||
| Section 1.02 |
Other Definitions | 11 | ||||
| Section 1.03 |
Rules of Construction | 11 | ||||
| Section 1.04 |
Interpretation; Scope of Supplemental Indenture; Supersession of Base Indenture | 12 | ||||
| Article 2. The Notes |
14 | |||||
| Section 2.01 |
Form, Dating and Denominations | 14 | ||||
| Section 2.02 |
Execution, Authentication and Delivery | 15 | ||||
| Section 2.03 |
Initial Notes and Additional Notes | 15 | ||||
| Section 2.04 |
Method of Payment | 16 | ||||
| Section 2.05 |
Accrual of Interest; Defaulted Amounts; When Payment Date is Not a Business Day | 16 | ||||
| Section 2.06 |
Registrar, Paying Agent and Conversion Agent | 18 | ||||
| Section 2.07 |
Paying Agent and Conversion Agent to Hold Property in Trust | 18 | ||||
| Section 2.08 |
Holder Lists | 19 | ||||
| Section 2.09 |
Legends | 19 | ||||
| Section 2.10 |
Transfers and Exchanges; Certain Transfer Restrictions | 19 | ||||
| Section 2.11 |
Exchange and Cancellation of Notes to Be Converted, Redeemed or Repurchased | 23 | ||||
| Section 2.12 |
Replacement Notes | 23 | ||||
| Section 2.13 |
Registered Holders; Certain Rights with Respect to Global Notes | 24 | ||||
| Section 2.14 |
Cancellation | 24 | ||||
| Section 2.15 |
Notes Held by the Company or its Affiliates | 24 | ||||
| Section 2.16 |
Temporary Notes | 24 | ||||
| Section 2.17 |
Outstanding Notes | 25 | ||||
| Section 2.18 |
CUSIP and ISIN Numbers | 25 | ||||
| Section 2.19 |
Repurchases by the Company | 26 | ||||
| Article 3. Covenants |
26 | |||||
| Section 3.01 |
Payment on Notes | 26 | ||||
| Section 3.02 |
Exchange Act Reports | 26 | ||||
| Section 3.03 |
Compliance and Default Certificates | 27 | ||||
| Section 3.04 |
Stay, Extension and Usury Laws | 27 | ||||
- i -
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
| Page | ||||||
| Section 3.05 |
Existence | 27 | ||||
| Section 3.06 |
Acquisition of Notes by the Company and its Affiliates | 27 | ||||
| Article 4. Repurchase and Redemption |
28 | |||||
| Section 4.01 |
No Sinking Fund | 28 | ||||
| Section 4.02 |
Right of Holders to Require the Company to Repurchase Notes Upon a Fundamental Change | 28 | ||||
| Section 4.03 |
Right of the Company to Redeem the Notes | 32 | ||||
| Article 5. The Conversion of Notes |
34 | |||||
| Section 5.01 |
Right to Convert | 34 | ||||
| Section 5.02 |
Conversion Procedures | 38 | ||||
| Section 5.03 |
Settlement Upon Conversion | 39 | ||||
| Section 5.04 |
Reserve and Status of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion | 42 | ||||
| Section 5.05 |
Adjustments to the Conversion Rate | 43 | ||||
| Section 5.06 |
Voluntary Adjustments | 52 | ||||
| Section 5.07 |
Adjustments to the Conversion Rate in Connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change | 52 | ||||
| Section 5.08 |
Exchange in Lieu of Conversion | 54 | ||||
| Section 5.09 |
Effect of Common Stock Change Event | 54 | ||||
| Section 5.10 |
Responsibility of the Trustee | 56 | ||||
| Article 6. Successors |
56 | |||||
| Section 6.01 |
When the Company May Merge, Etc. | 56 | ||||
| Section 6.02 |
Successor Entity Substituted | 57 | ||||
| Section 6.03 |
Exclusion for Asset Transfers with Wholly Owned Subsidiaries | 57 | ||||
| Article 7. Defaults and Remedies |
57 | |||||
| Section 7.01 |
Events of Default | 57 | ||||
| Section 7.02 |
Acceleration | 59 | ||||
| Section 7.03 |
Sole Remedy for a Failure to Report | 60 | ||||
| Section 7.04 |
Other Remedies | 60 | ||||
| Section 7.05 |
Waiver of Past Defaults | 61 | ||||
| Section 7.06 |
Cure of Defaults; Ability to Cure or Waive Before Event of Default Occurs | 61 | ||||
| Section 7.07 |
Control by Majority | 61 | ||||
| Section 7.08 |
Limitation on Suits | 61 | ||||
- ii -
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
| Page | ||||||
| Section 7.09 |
Absolute Right of Holders to Institute Suit for the Enforcement of the Right to Receive Payment and Conversion Consideration | 62 | ||||
| Section 7.10 |
Collection Suit by Trustee | 62 | ||||
| Section 7.11 |
Trustee May File Proofs of Claim | 62 | ||||
| Section 7.12 |
Priorities | 63 | ||||
| Section 7.13 |
Undertaking for Costs | 63 | ||||
| Article 8. Amendments, Supplements and Waivers |
64 | |||||
| Section 8.01 |
Without the Consent of Holders | 64 | ||||
| Section 8.02 |
With the Consent of Holders | 65 | ||||
| Section 8.03 |
Notice of Amendments, Supplements and Waivers | 65 | ||||
| Section 8.04 |
Revocation, Effect and Solicitation of Consents; Special Record Dates; Etc. | 66 | ||||
| Section 8.05 |
Notations and Exchanges | 66 | ||||
| Section 8.06 |
Trustee to Execute Supplemental Indentures | 66 | ||||
| Article 9. Satisfaction and Discharge |
67 | |||||
| Section 9.01 |
Termination of Company’s Obligations | 67 | ||||
| Section 9.02 |
Repayment to Company | 67 | ||||
| Section 9.03 |
Reinstatement | 67 | ||||
| Article 10. Trustee |
68 | |||||
| Section 10.01 |
Duties of the Trustee | 68 | ||||
| Section 10.02 |
Rights of the Trustee | 69 | ||||
| Section 10.03 |
Individual Rights of the Trustee | 70 | ||||
| Section 10.04 |
Trustee’s Disclaimer | 70 | ||||
| Section 10.05 |
Notice of Defaults | 70 | ||||
| Section 10.06 |
Compensation and Indemnity | 71 | ||||
| Section 10.07 |
Replacement of the Trustee | 71 | ||||
| Section 10.08 |
Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc. | 72 | ||||
| Section 10.09 |
Eligibility; Disqualification | 72 | ||||
| Article 11. Miscellaneous |
73 | |||||
| Section 11.01 |
Notices | 73 | ||||
| Section 11.02 |
Delivery of Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel as to Conditions Precedent | 75 | ||||
| Section 11.03 |
Statements Required in Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel | 75 | ||||
- iii -
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
| Page | ||||||
| Section 11.04 |
Rules by the Trustee, the Registrar, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent | 75 | ||||
| Section 11.05 |
No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders | 75 | ||||
| Section 11.06 |
Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial | 76 | ||||
| Section 11.07 |
Submission to Jurisdiction | 76 | ||||
| Section 11.08 |
No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements | 76 | ||||
| Section 11.09 |
Successors | 76 | ||||
| Section 11.10 |
Force Majeure | 76 | ||||
| Section 11.11 |
U.S.A. PATRIOT Act | 76 | ||||
| Section 11.12 |
Calculations | 77 | ||||
| Section 11.13 |
Severability | 77 | ||||
| Section 11.14 |
Counterparts | 77 | ||||
| Section 11.15 |
Table of Contents, Headings, Etc. | 77 | ||||
| Section 11.16 |
Withholding Taxes | 77 | ||||
| Section 11.17 |
Trust Indenture Act Controls | 78 | ||||
Exhibits
| Exhibit A: Form of Note |
A-1 | |||
| Exhibit B-1: Form of Global Note Legend |
B1-1 | |||
| Exhibit B-2: Form of Non-Affiliate Legend |
B2-1 | |||
- iv -
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, dated as of May 11, 2026, between Viridian Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as issuer (the “Company”), and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), to the Base Indenture (as defined below).
WHEREAS, Section 2.01 of the Base Indenture authorizes the Company to execute a supplemental indenture thereto to set forth the terms and other provisions of any new Series of Securities;
WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly authorized the establishment of a new Series of Securities to be titled the Company’s “1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032” (the “Notes”), and has duly authorized the issuance of Notes initially in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed two hundred fifty million dollars ($250,000,000), subject to Section 2.03(B);
WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions of the Notes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Supplemental Indenture; and
WHEREAS, all acts and things necessary to make the Notes, when executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee or a duly authorized authenticating agent, as provided in the Indenture (as defined below), the valid, binding and legal obligations of the Company, and the Indenture a valid agreement according to its terms, have been done and performed, and the execution of this Supplemental Indenture and the issuance under the Indenture of the Notes have in all respects been duly authorized.
NOW, THEREFORE, THIS SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE WITNESSETH, that to declare the terms and conditions upon which the Notes are, and are to be, authenticated, issued and delivered, and in consideration of the premises and of the purchase and acceptance of the Notes by the Holders (as defined below), the Company covenants and agrees with the Trustee for the equal and proportionate benefit of the respective Holders from time to time (except as otherwise provided in the Indenture) as follows:
| Article 1. | DEFINITIONS; RULES OF CONSTRUCTION; SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION OF BASE INDENTURE |
Section 1.01 DEFINITIONS.
Subject to the last paragraph of Section 1.03, capitalized terms used in this Supplemental Indenture without definition have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Base Indenture. The terms defined in this Section 1.01 or referenced in Section 1.02 (except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) will apply for all purposes of the Indenture (and any further supplement thereto) as it relates to the Notes and will supersede any conflicting definitions in the Base Indenture.
“Affiliate” has the meaning set forth in Rule 144 as in effect on the Issue Date.
“Authorized Denomination” means, with respect to a Note, a principal amount thereof equal to $1,000 or any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof.
“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, United States Code, or any similar U.S. federal or state or non-U.S. law for the relief of debtors.
“Base Indenture” means that certain Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2026, between the Company and Trustee.
- 1 -
“Bid Solicitation Agent” means the Person who is required to obtain bids for the Trading Price in accordance with Section 5.01(C)(i)(2) and the definition of “Trading Price.” The initial Bid Solicitation Agent on the Issue Date will be the Company; provided, however, that the Company may appoint any other Person (including any of the Company’s Subsidiaries) to be the Bid Solicitation Agent at any time after the Issue Date without prior notice to the Holders.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company or a committee of such board duly authorized to act on behalf of such board.
“Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or any day on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is authorized or required by law or executive order to close or be closed.
“Capital Stock” of any Person means any and all shares of, interests in, rights to purchase, warrants or options for, participations in, or other equivalents of, in each case however designated, the equity of such Person, but excluding any debt securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, such equity.
“Close of Business” means 5:00 p.m., New York City time.
“Common Equity” of any Person means Capital Stock of such Person that is generally entitled (A) to vote in the election of directors of such Person; or (B) if such Person is not a corporation, to vote or otherwise participate in the selection of the governing body, partners, managers or others that will control the management or policies of such Person.
“Common Stock” means the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company, subject to Section 5.09.
“Company” means the Person named as such in the first paragraph of this Supplemental Indenture and, subject to Article 6, its successors and assigns.
“Company Order” means a written request or order signed on behalf of the Company by one (1) of its Officers and delivered to the Trustee.
“Conversion” means, with respect to any Note, the conversion of such note pursuant to Article 5 into Conversion Consideration. The terms “Convert,” “Converted,” “Convertible,” “Converting” and similar capitalized terms have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
“Conversion Date” means, with respect to a Note, the first Business Day on which the requirements set forth in Section 5.02(A) to Convert such Note are satisfied.
“Conversion Price” means, as of any time, an amount equal to (A) one thousand dollars ($1,000) divided by (B) the Conversion Rate in effect at such time.
“Conversion Rate” initially means 40.5680 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes; provided, however, that the Conversion Rate is subject to adjustment pursuant to Article 5; provided, further, that whenever this Supplemental Indenture refers to the Conversion Rate as of a particular date without setting forth a particular time on such date, such reference will be deemed to be to the Conversion Rate immediately after the Close of Business on such date.
“Conversion Share” means any share of Common Stock issued or issuable upon Conversion of any Note.
- 2 -
“Daily Cash Amount” means, with respect to any VWAP Trading Day, the lesser of (A) the applicable Daily Maximum Cash Amount; and (B) the Daily Conversion Value for such VWAP Trading Day.
“Daily Conversion Value” means, with respect to any VWAP Trading Day, one-twenty-fifth (1/25th) of the product of (A) the Conversion Rate on such VWAP Trading Day; and (B) the Daily VWAP per share of Common Stock on such VWAP Trading Day.
“Daily Maximum Cash Amount” means, with respect to the Conversion of any Note, the quotient obtained by dividing (A) the Specified Dollar Amount applicable to such Conversion by (B) twenty-five (25).
“Daily Share Amount” means, with respect to any VWAP Trading Day, the quotient obtained by dividing (A) the excess, if any, of the Daily Conversion Value for such VWAP Trading Day over the applicable Daily Maximum Cash Amount by (B) the Daily VWAP for such VWAP Trading Day. For the avoidance of doubt, the Daily Share Amount will be zero for such VWAP Trading Day if such Daily Conversion Value does not exceed such Daily Maximum Cash Amount.
“Daily VWAP” means, for any VWAP Trading Day, the per share volume-weighted average price of the Common Stock as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page “VRDN <EQUITY> AQR” (or, if such page is not available, its equivalent successor page) in respect of the period from the scheduled open of trading until the scheduled close of trading of the primary trading session on such VWAP Trading Day (or, if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable, the market value of one share of Common Stock on such VWAP Trading Day, determined, using a volume-weighted average price method, by a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm selected by the Company, which may be any of the Underwriters). The Daily VWAP will be determined without regard to after-hours or “night session” trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session.
“Default” means any event that is (or, after notice, passage of time or both, would be) an Event of Default.
“Default Settlement Method” means, initially, Physical Settlement; provided, however, that (x) subject to Section 5.03(A)(iii), the Company may, from time to time, change the Default Settlement Method, to any Settlement Method that the Company is then permitted to elect, by sending notice of the new Default Settlement Method to the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee); (y) the Default Settlement Method will be subject to Section 5.03(A)(ii); and (z) no such change to the Default Settlement Method will affect any Settlement Method theretofore elected (or deemed to be elected) with respect to any Note pursuant to the Indenture (including pursuant to Section 5.03(A)).
“Depositary” means The Depository Trust Company or its successor.
“Depositary Participant” means any member of, or participant in, the Depositary.
“Depositary Procedures” means, with respect to any Conversion, transfer, exchange or other transaction involving a Global Note or any beneficial interest therein, the rules and procedures of the Depositary applicable to such Conversion, transfer, exchange or transaction.
“dollars” and “$” mean the currency of the United States of America.
- 3 -
“Effective Date,” in relation to a stock split or stock combination of the Common Stock, means the first date on which the shares of Common Stock trade on the relevant stock exchange, regular way, reflecting the relevant stock split or stock combination, as applicable.
“Ex-Dividend Date” means, with respect to an issuance, dividend or distribution on the Common Stock, the first date on which shares of Common Stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive such issuance, dividend or distribution (including pursuant to due bills or similar arrangements required by the relevant stock exchange). For the avoidance of doubt, any alternative trading convention on the applicable exchange or market in respect of the Common Stock under a separate ticker symbol or CUSIP number will not be considered “regular way” for this purpose.
“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Exempted Fundamental Change” means any Fundamental Change with respect to which, in accordance with Section 4.02(I), the Company does not offer to repurchase any Notes.
“Fundamental Change” means any of the following events:
(A) a “person” or “group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), other than the Company or its Wholly Owned Subsidiaries, or its or their respective employee benefit plans, files any report with the SEC indicating that such person or group has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner” (as defined below) of shares of the Common Stock representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of all of the Common Stock;
(B) the consummation of (i) any sale, lease or other transfer, in one transaction or a series of transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any Person, other than solely to one or more of the Company’s Wholly Owned Subsidiaries; or (ii) any transaction or series of related transactions in connection with which (whether by means of merger, consolidation, share exchange, combination, reclassification, recapitalization, acquisition, liquidation or otherwise) all of the Common Stock is exchanged for, converted into, acquired for, or constitutes solely the right to receive, other securities, cash or other property; provided, however, that any merger, consolidation, share exchange or combination of the Company pursuant to which the Persons that directly or indirectly “beneficially owned” (as defined below) all classes of the Company’s Common Equity immediately before such transaction directly or indirectly “beneficially own,” immediately after such transaction, more than fifty percent (50%) of all classes of Common Equity of the surviving, continuing or acquiring company or other transferee, as applicable, or the parent thereof, in substantially the same proportions vis-à-vis each other as immediately before such transaction will be deemed not to be a Fundamental Change pursuant to this clause (B);
(C) the Company’s stockholders approve any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(D) the Common Stock ceases to be listed on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Capital Market, The Nasdaq Global Market or The Nasdaq Global Select Market (or any of their respective successors);
provided, however, that a transaction or event described in clause (A) or (B) above will not constitute a Fundamental Change if at least ninety percent (90%) of the consideration received or to be received by the holders of Common Stock (excluding cash payments for fractional shares or pursuant to dissenters rights), in connection with such transaction or event, consists of shares of common stock or other corporate Common Equity interests listed (or depositary receipts representing shares of common stock or other
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corporate Common Equity interests, which depositary receipts are listed) on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Capital Market, The Nasdaq Global Market or The Nasdaq Global Select Market (or any of their respective successors), or that will be so listed when issued or exchanged in connection with such transaction or event, and such transaction or event constitutes a Common Stock Change Event whose Reference Property consists of such consideration.
For the purposes of this definition, (x) any transaction or event described in both clause (A) and in clause (B)(i) or (ii) above (without regard to the proviso in clause (B)) will be deemed to occur solely pursuant to clause (B) above (subject to such proviso); and (y) whether a Person is a “beneficial owner,” whether shares are “beneficially owned,” and percentage beneficial ownership, will be determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act.
For the avoidance of doubt, references to the “Common Stock” and the Company’s “Common Equity” in this definition will be subject to Section 5.09(A).
“Fundamental Change Repurchase Date” means the date fixed for the repurchase of any Notes by the Company pursuant to a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change.
“Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice” means a notice (including a notice substantially in the form of the “Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice” set forth in Exhibit A) containing the information, or otherwise complying with the requirements, set forth in Section 4.02(F)(i) and Section 4.02(F)(ii).
“Fundamental Change Repurchase Price” means the cash price payable by the Company to repurchase any Note upon its Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change, calculated pursuant to Section 4.02(D).
“Global Note” means a Note that is represented by a certificate substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A, registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, duly executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee, and deposited with the Trustee, as custodian for the Depositary.
“Global Note Legend” means a legend substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B-1.
“Holder” means a person in whose name a Note is registered on the Registrar’s books.
“Indenture” means the Base Indenture, as amended by this Supplemental Indenture, and as the same may be further amended or supplemented from time to time with respect to the Notes.
“Interest Payment Date” means, with respect to a Note, each May 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on November 15, 2026 (or such other date specified in the certificate representing such Note). For the avoidance of doubt, the Maturity Date is an Interest Payment Date.
“Issue Date” means May 11, 2026.
“Last Reported Sale Price” of the Common Stock for any Trading Day means the closing sale price per share (or, if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the last bid price and the last ask price per share or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average last bid prices and the average last ask prices per share) of Common Stock on such Trading Day as reported in composite transactions for the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed. If the Common Stock is not listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange on such Trading Day, then the Last Reported Sale Price will be the last quoted bid price per share of Common Stock on such Trading
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Day in the over-the-counter market as reported by OTC Markets Group Inc. or a similar organization. If the Common Stock is not so quoted on such Trading Day, then the Last Reported Sale Price will be the average of the mid-point of the last bid price and the last ask price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day from a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm selected by the Company, which may be any of the Underwriters. The “Last Reported Sale Price” shall be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session hours. Neither the Trustee nor the Conversion Agent will have any duty to determine the Last Reported Sale Price.
“Make-Whole Fundamental Change” means (A) a Fundamental Change (determined after giving effect to the proviso immediately after clause (D) of the definition thereof, but without regard to the proviso to clause (B)(ii) of such definition); or (B) the sending of a Redemption Notice pursuant to Section 4.03(F); provided, however, that the sending of a Redemption Notice will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change only with respect to the Notes called (or deemed, pursuant to Section 4.03(I), to be called) for Redemption pursuant to such Redemption Notice and not with respect to any other Notes.
“Make-Whole Fundamental Change Conversion Period” has the following meaning:
(A) in the case of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (A) of the definition thereof, the period from, and including, the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change to, and including, the thirty-fifth (35th) Trading Day after such Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date (or, if such Make-Whole Fundamental Change also constitutes a Fundamental Change (other than an Exempted Fundamental Change), to, but excluding, the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Date); and
(B) in the case of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (B) of the definition thereof, the period from, and including, the Redemption Notice Date for the related Redemption to, and including, the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the related Redemption Date;
provided, however, that if the Conversion Date for the Conversion of a Note that has been called (or deemed, pursuant to Section 4.03(I), to be called) for Redemption occurs during the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Conversion Period for both a Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurring pursuant to clause (A) of the definition of “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” and a Make-Whole Fundamental Change resulting from such Redemption pursuant to clause (B) of such definition, then, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 5.07, solely for purposes of such Conversion, (x) such Conversion Date will be deemed to occur solely during the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Conversion Period for the Make-Whole Fundamental Change with the earlier Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date; and (y) the Make-Whole Fundamental Change with the later Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date will be deemed not to have occurred.
“Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date” means (A) with respect to a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (A) of the definition thereof, the date on which such Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs or becomes effective; and (B) with respect to a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (B) of the definition thereof, the applicable Redemption Notice Date.
“Market Disruption Event” means, with respect to any date, the occurrence or existence, during the one-half hour period ending at the scheduled close of trading on such date on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange or other market on which the Common Stock is listed for trading or trades, of any material suspension or limitation imposed on trading (by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the relevant exchange or otherwise) in the Common Stock or in any options contracts or futures contracts relating to the Common Stock.
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“Maturity Date” means May 15, 2032.
“Non-Affiliate Legend” means a legend substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B-2.
“Note Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Conversion Agent.
“Notes” means the 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 issued by the Company pursuant to the Indenture.
“Observation Period” means, with respect to any Note to be Converted, (A) subject to clause (B) below, if the Conversion Date for such Note occurs before February 15, 2032, the twenty-five (25) consecutive VWAP Trading Days beginning on, and including, the second (2nd) VWAP Trading Day immediately after such Conversion Date; (B) if such Conversion Date occurs on or after the date the Company has sent a Redemption Notice calling all or any Notes for Redemption pursuant to Section 4.03(F) and on or before the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day before the related Redemption Date, the twenty-five (25) consecutive VWAP Trading Days beginning on, and including, the twenty-sixth (26th) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before such Redemption Date; and (C) subject to clause (B) above, if such Conversion Date occurs on or after February 15, 2032, the twenty-five (25) consecutive VWAP Trading Days beginning on, and including, the twenty-sixth (26th) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the Maturity Date.
“Officer” means the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary or any Vice-President of the Company.
“Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate that is signed on behalf of the Company by one (1) of its Officers and that meets the requirements of Section 11.03.
“Open of Business” means 9:00 a.m., New York City time.
“Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion from legal counsel (including an employee of, or counsel to, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) that meets the requirements of Section 11.03, subject to customary qualifications and exclusions.
“Person” or “person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or other agency or political subdivision thereof. Any division or series of a limited liability company, limited partnership or trust will constitute a separate “person” under the Indenture.
“Physical Note” means a Note (other than a Global Note) that is represented by a certificate substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A, registered in the name of the Holder of such Note and duly executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee.
“Qualified Successor Entity” means, with respect to a Business Combination Event, a corporation; provided, however, that (i) if such Business Combination Event is an Exempted Fundamental Change, a limited liability company, limited partnership or other similar entity will also constitute a Qualified Successor Entity with respect to such Business Combination Event; and (ii) a limited liability company or limited partnership that is the resulting, surviving or transferee Person of such Business Combination Event will also constitute a Qualified Successor Entity with respect to such Business Combination Event; provided that, in the case of this clause (ii) all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) either (x) such limited liability company or limited partnership is treated as a corporation or is a direct
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or indirect, Wholly Owned Subsidiary of, and disregarded as an entity separate from, a corporation, in each case for U.S. federal income tax purposes; or (y) the Company has received an opinion of a nationally recognized tax counsel to the effect that such Business Combination Event will not be treated as an exchange under Section 1001 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for Holders or beneficial owners of the Notes; (2) such Business Combination Event constitutes a Common Stock Change Event whose Reference Property consists solely of any combination of cash in dollars and shares of common stock or other corporate Common Equity interests of an entity that is either (A) (x) treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (y) duly organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia; and (z) a direct or indirect parent of such limited liability company or limited partnership (and such limited liability company or limited partnership is wholly owned by such entity) or (B) such limited liability company or limited partnership, if it is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and (3) if such limited liability company or limited partnership is disregarded as separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes, its regarded owner for those purposes is an entity described in clause (ii)(2).
“Redemption” means the repurchase of any Note by the Company pursuant to Section 4.03.
“Redemption Date” means the date fixed, pursuant to Section 4.03(D), for the settlement of the repurchase of any Notes by the Company pursuant to a Redemption.
“Redemption Notice Date” means, with respect to a Redemption, the date on which the Company sends the Redemption Notice for such Redemption pursuant to Section 4.03(F).
“Redemption Price” means the cash price payable by the Company to redeem any Note upon its Redemption, calculated pursuant to Section 4.03(E).
“Regular Record Date” has the following meaning with respect to an Interest Payment Date: (A) if such Interest Payment Date occurs on May 15, the immediately preceding May 1 (whether or not a Business Day); and (B) if such Interest Payment Date occurs on November 15, the immediately preceding November 1 (whether or not a Business Day).
“Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change” means the repurchase of any Note by the Company pursuant to Section 4.02.
“Responsible Officer” means, when used with respect to the Trustee, any officer within the corporate trust department of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, assistant secretary, assistant treasurer, trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee who customarily performs functions similar to those performed by the persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter relating to the Indenture is referred because of such person’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who, in each case, shall have direct responsibility for the administration of the Indenture.
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 under the Securities Act (or any successor rule thereto), as the same may be amended from time to time.
“Scheduled Trading Day” means any day that is scheduled to be a Trading Day on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then traded. If the Common Stock is not so listed or traded, then “Scheduled Trading Day” means a Business Day.
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“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Settlement Method” means Cash Settlement, Physical Settlement or Combination Settlement.
“Significant Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any Subsidiary of such Person that constitutes a “significant subsidiary” (as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act) of such Person.
“Special Interest” means any interest that accrues on any Note pursuant to Section 7.03.
“Specified Dollar Amount” means, with respect to the Conversion of a Note to which Combination Settlement applies, the maximum cash amount per $1,000 principal amount of such Note deliverable upon such Conversion (excluding cash in lieu of any fractional share of Common Stock).
“Stock Price” has the following meaning for any Make-Whole Fundamental Change: (A) if the holders of Common Stock receive only cash in consideration for their shares of Common Stock in such Make-Whole Fundamental Change and such Make-Whole Fundamental Change is pursuant to clause (B) of the definition of “Fundamental Change,” then the Stock Price is the amount of cash paid per share of Common Stock in such Make-Whole Fundamental Change; and (B) in all other cases, the Stock Price is the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the five (5) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change.
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (A) any corporation, association or other business entity (other than a partnership or limited liability company) of which more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency, but after giving effect to any voting agreement or stockholders’ agreement that effectively transfers voting power) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees, as applicable, of such corporation, association or other business entity is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such Person; and (B) any partnership or limited liability company where (i) more than fifty percent (50%) of the capital accounts, distribution rights, equity and voting interests, or of the general and limited partnership interests, as applicable, of such partnership or limited liability company are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such Person, whether in the form of membership, general, special or limited partnership or limited liability company interests or otherwise; and (ii) such Person or any one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such Person is a controlling general partner of, or otherwise controls, such partnership or limited liability company.
“Supplemental Indenture” means this First Supplemental Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time.
“Trading Day” means any day on which (A) trading in the Common Stock generally occurs on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then traded; and (B) there is no Market Disruption Event. If the Common Stock is not so listed or traded, then “Trading Day” means a Business Day.
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“Trading Price” of the Notes on any Trading Day means the average of the secondary market bid quotations, expressed as a cash amount per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, obtained by the Bid Solicitation Agent for one million dollars ($1,000,000) (or such lesser amount as may then be outstanding) in principal amount of Notes at approximately 3:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Trading Day from three (3) nationally recognized independent securities dealers selected by the Company, which may include any of the Underwriters; provided, however, that, if three (3) such bids cannot reasonably be obtained by the Bid Solicitation Agent but two (2) such bids are obtained, then the average of the two (2) bids will be used, and if only one (1) such bid can reasonably be obtained by the Bid Solicitation Agent, then that one (1) bid will be used. If, on any Trading Day, (A) the Bid Solicitation Agent cannot reasonably obtain at least one (1) bid for one million dollars ($1,000,000) (or such lesser amount as may then be outstanding) in principal amount of Notes from a nationally recognized independent securities dealer; (B) the Company is not acting as the Bid Solicitation Agent and the Company fails to instruct the Bid Solicitation Agent to obtain bids when required; or (C) the Bid Solicitation Agent fails to solicit bids when required, then, in each case, the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes on such Trading Day will be deemed to be less than ninety eight percent (98%) of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day and the Conversion Rate on such Trading Day.
“Trust Indenture Act” means the U.S. Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
“Trustee” means the Person named as such in the first paragraph of this Supplemental Indenture until a successor replaces it in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and, thereafter, means such successor.
“Underwriters” has the meaning set forth in the Underwriting Agreement.
“Underwriting Agreement” means that certain Underwriting Agreement, dated May 6, 2026, among the Company and Jefferies LLC, Leerink Partners LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, as the representatives of the several Underwriters.
“VWAP Market Disruption Event” means, with respect to any date, (A) the failure by the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed, or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then traded, to open for trading during its regular trading session on such date; or (B) the occurrence or existence, for more than one half hour period in the aggregate, of any suspension or limitation imposed on trading (by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the relevant exchange or otherwise) in the Common Stock or in any options contracts or futures contracts relating to the Common Stock, and such suspension or limitation occurs or exists at any time before 1:00 p.m., New York City time, on such date.
“VWAP Trading Day” means a day on which (A) there is no VWAP Market Disruption Event; and (B) trading in the Common Stock generally occurs on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then traded. If the Common Stock is not so listed or traded, then “VWAP Trading Day” means a Business Day.
“Wholly Owned Subsidiary” of a Person means any Subsidiary of such Person all of the outstanding Capital Stock or other ownership interests of which (other than directors’ qualifying shares) are owned by such Person or one or more Wholly Owned Subsidiaries of such Person.
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SECTION 1.02 OTHER DEFINITIONS.
| Term |
Defined in | |
| “Additional Shares” | Section 5.07(A) | |
| “Business Combination Event” | Section 6.01(A) | |
| “Cash Settlement” | Section 5.03(A) | |
| “Combination Settlement” | Section 5.03(A) | |
| “Common Stock Change Event” | Section 5.09(A) | |
| “Conversion Agent” | Section 2.06(A) | |
| “Conversion Consideration” | Section 5.03(B) | |
| “Default Interest” | Section 2.05(B) | |
| “Defaulted Amount” | Section 2.05(B) | |
| “Event of Default” | Section 7.01(A) | |
| “Expiration Date” | Section 5.05(A)(v) | |
| “Expiration Time” | Section 5.05(A)(v) | |
| “Fundamental Change Notice” | Section 4.02(E) | |
| “Fundamental Change Repurchase Right” | Section 4.02(A) | |
| “Initial Notes” | Section 2.03(A) | |
| “Measurement Period” | Section 5.01(C)(i)(2) | |
| “Paying Agent” | Section 2.06(A) | |
| “Partial Redemption Limitation” | Section 4.03(B) | |
| “Physical Settlement” | Section 5.03(A) | |
| “Redemption Notice” | Section 4.03(F) | |
| “Reference Property” | Section 5.09(A) | |
| “Reference Property Unit” | Section 5.09(A) | |
| “Register” | Section 2.06(B) | |
| “Registrar” | Section 2.06(A) | |
| “Reporting Event of Default” | Section 7.03(A) | |
| “Specified Courts” | Section 11.07 | |
| “Spin-Off” | Section 5.05(A)(iii)(2) | |
| “Spin-Off Valuation Period” | Section 5.05(A)(iii)(2) | |
| “Stated Interest” | Section 2.05(A) | |
| “Successor Entity” | Section 6.01(A) | |
| “Successor Person” | Section 5.09(A) | |
| “Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period” | Section 5.05(A)(v) | |
| “Trading Price Condition” | Section 5.01(C)(i)(2) |
Section 1.03 RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.
For purposes of the Indenture:
(A) “or” is not exclusive;
(B) “including” means “including without limitation”;
(C) “will” expresses a command;
(D) the “average” of a set of numerical values refers to the arithmetic average of such numerical values;
(E) a merger involving, or a transfer of assets by, a limited liability company, limited partnership or trust will be deemed to include any division of or by, or an allocation of assets to a series of, such limited liability company, limited partnership or trust, or any unwinding of any such division or allocation;
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(F) words in the singular include the plural and in the plural include the singular, unless the context requires otherwise;
(G) “herein,” “hereof” and other words of similar import refer to this Supplemental Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision of this Supplemental Indenture, unless the context requires otherwise;
(H) each Article, Section, clause or paragraph reference in this Supplemental Indenture that is in bolded typeface refers to the referenced Article, Section, clause or paragraph, as applicable, of this Supplemental Indenture;
(I) references to currency mean the lawful currency of the United States of America, unless the context requires otherwise;
(J) the exhibits, schedules and other attachments to this Supplemental Indenture are deemed to form part of the Indenture;
(K) to the extent any provision of this Supplemental Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Base Indenture, for purposes of the Notes, such provision of this Supplemental Indenture will control; and
(L) the term “interest,” when used with respect to a Note, includes any Default Interest or Special Interest, unless the context requires otherwise.
For purposes of the Indenture, the following terms of the Trust Indenture Act have the following meanings:
(i) “Commission” means the SEC;
(ii) “indenture securities” means the Notes;
(iii) “indenture security holder” means a Holder;
(iv) “indenture to be qualified” means the Indenture;
(v) “indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee; and
(vi) “obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company.
All other terms used in the Indenture that are defined by the Trust Indenture Act (including by reference to another statute) or the related rules of the SEC, and not defined in the Indenture, have the respective meanings so defined by the Trust Indenture Act or such rules.
Section 1.04 INTERPRETATION; SCOPE OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE; SUPERSESSION OF BASE INDENTURE.
(A) Generally. This Supplemental Indenture supplements the provisions of the Base Indenture, to which provisions reference is hereby made. The changes, modifications and supplements to the Base Indenture effected by this Supplemental Indenture will be applicable only with respect to, and will only govern the terms of, the Notes, which may be issued from time to time, and will not apply to any other class or Series of Securities that may be issued under the Base Indenture. For all purposes under the Base Indenture, the Notes will constitute a single Series of Securities. The provisions of this Supplemental Indenture will supersede any conflicting provisions in the Base Indenture.
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(B) Applicability of Base Indenture. Without limiting Section 1.04(A), for purposes of the Notes:
(i) Section 2.02 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.02 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(ii) Section 2.11 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.05 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(iii) Section 2.03 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.06 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(iv) Section 2.04 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.07 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(v) Section 2.05 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.08 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(vi) Section 2.15 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed replaced with Section 2.09, Section 2.10 and Section 2.13 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(vii) Section 2.06 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.10 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(viii) Section 2.07 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.12 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(ix) Section 2.10 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.14 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(x) Section 2.12 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.15 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xi) Section 2.09 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.16 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xii) Section 2.08 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.17 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xiii) Section 2.13 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 2.18 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xiv) Section 2.14 of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Section 3.01(B) of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xv) Article Four of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Article 3 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xvi) Article Three of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Article 4 of this Supplemental Indenture.
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(xvii) Article Five of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Article 6 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xviii) Article Six of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Article 7 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xix) Article Ten of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Article 8 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xx) Article Eight of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Article 9 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xxi) Article Seven of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Article 10 of this Supplemental Indenture.
(xxii) Article Twelve of the Base Indenture will not apply to the Notes and will instead be deemed to be replaced with Article 11 of this Supplemental Indenture.
Each reference in the Base Indenture to any Articles or Sections (or part of any Articles or Sections) of the Base Indenture referred to in the preceding clauses of this Section 1.04(B) will, for purposes of the Notes, be deemed instead to be a reference to the respective Articles and Sections (or corresponding part of the respective Articles or Sections) of this Supplemental Indenture referred to in the preceding clauses of this Section 1.04(B).
Article 2. THE NOTES
Section 2.01 FORM, DATING AND DENOMINATIONS.
The Notes and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication will be substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A. The Notes will bear the legends required by Section 2.09 and may bear notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage or the Depositary. Each Note will be dated as of the date of its authentication.
Except to the extent otherwise provided in a Company Order delivered to the Trustee in connection with the issuance and authentication thereof, the Notes will be issued initially in the form of one or more Global Notes. Global Notes may be exchanged for Physical Notes only as provided in Section 2.10; provided, however, that the Company, in its sole discretion, may permit the exchange of any beneficial interest in a Global Note for one or more Physical Notes at the request of the owner of such beneficial interest.
The Notes will be issuable only in registered form without interest coupons and only in Authorized Denominations.
Each certificate representing a Note will bear a unique registration number that is not affixed to any other certificate representing another outstanding Note.
The terms contained in the Notes constitute part of the Indenture, and, to the extent applicable, the Company and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Supplemental Indenture, agree to such terms and to be bound thereby; provided, however, that, to the extent that any provision of any Note conflicts with the provisions of the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture will control for purposes of the Indenture and such Note.
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SECTION 2.02 EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION AND DELIVERY.
(A) Due Execution by the Company. At least one (1) duly authorized Officer will sign the Notes on behalf of the Company by manual, electronic (including .pdf or Docusign or other electronic signature platform) or facsimile signature. A Note’s validity will not be affected by the failure of any Officer whose signature is on any Note to hold, at the time such Note is authenticated, the same or any other office at the Company.
(B) Authentication by the Trustee and Delivery.
(i) No Note will be valid until it is authenticated by the Trustee. A Note will be deemed to be duly authenticated only when an authorized signatory of the Trustee (or a duly appointed authenticating agent) manually signs the certificate of authentication of such Note.
(ii) The Trustee will cause an authorized signatory of the Trustee (or a duly appointed authenticating agent) to manually sign the certificate of authentication of a Note only if (1) the Company delivers such Note to the Trustee; (2) such Note is executed by the Company in accordance with Section 2.02(A); and (3) the Company delivers a Company Order to the Trustee that (a) requests the Trustee to authenticate such Note; and (b) sets forth the name of the Holder of such Note and the date as of which such Note is to be authenticated. If such Company Order also requests the Trustee to deliver such Note to any Holder or to the Depositary, then the Trustee will promptly deliver such Note in accordance with such Company Order.
(iii) The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Notes. A duly appointed authenticating agent may authenticate Notes whenever the Trustee may do so under the Indenture, and a Note authenticated as provided in the Indenture by such an agent will be deemed, for purposes of the Indenture, to be authenticated by the Trustee. Each duly appointed authenticating agent will have the same rights to deal with the Company as the Trustee would have if it were performing the duties that the authenticating agent was validly appointed to undertake.
SECTION 2.03 INITIAL NOTES AND ADDITIONAL NOTES.
(A) Initial Notes. On the Issue Date, there will be originally issued two hundred fifty million dollars ($250,000,000) aggregate principal amount of Notes, subject to the provisions of the Indenture. Notes issued pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, and any Notes issued in exchange therefor or in substitution thereof, are referred to in the Indenture as the “Initial Notes.”
(B) Additional Notes. Without the consent of any Holder, the Company may, subject to the provisions of the Indenture (including Section 2.02), originally issue additional Notes with the same terms as the Initial Notes (except, to the extent applicable, with respect to the date on which interest begins to accrue on such additional Notes and the first Interest Payment Date of such additional Notes), which additional Notes will, subject to the foregoing, be considered to be part of the same Series of, and rank equally and ratably with all other, Notes issued under this Supplemental Indenture; provided, however, that if any such additional Notes (and any Notes that are resold after such Notes have been purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company or its Subsidiaries) are not fungible with other Notes issued under this Supplemental Indenture for U.S. federal income tax purposes, for U.S. federal securities law purposes or for purposes of the Depositary Procedures, then such additional or resold Notes will be identified by one or more separate CUSIP numbers or by no CUSIP number. In authenticating additional Notes, the Trustee will receive:
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(i) a copy of the resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors in or pursuant to which the terms and form of the Notes were established, and if the terms and form of such Notes are established by an Officer’s Certificate pursuant to general authorization of the Board of Directors, such Officer’s Certificate;
(ii) an executed supplemental indenture, if any; and
(iii) an Opinion of Counsel which will state:
(1) that the form and terms of such Notes have been established in conformity with the provisions of the Indenture; and
(2) that such Notes, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization and other laws of general applicability relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and to general equity principles.
Section 2.04 METHOD OF PAYMENT.
(A) Global Notes. The Company will pay, or cause the Paying Agent to pay, the principal (whether due upon maturity on the Maturity Date, Redemption on a Redemption Date or repurchase on a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date or otherwise) of, interest on, and any cash Conversion Consideration for, any Global Note to the Depositary by wire transfer of immediately available funds no later than the time the same is due as provided in the Indenture.
(B) Physical Notes. The Company will pay, or cause the Paying Agent to pay, the principal (whether due upon maturity on the Maturity Date, Redemption on a Redemption Date or repurchase on a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date or otherwise) of, interest on, and any cash Conversion Consideration for, any Physical Note no later than the time the same is due as provided in the Indenture as follows: (i) if the principal amount of such Physical Note is at least two million dollars ($2,000,000) (or such lower amount as the Company may choose in its sole and absolute discretion) and the Holder of such Physical Note entitled to such payment has delivered to the Paying Agent or the Trustee, no later than the time set forth in the immediately following sentence, a written request that the Company make such payment by wire transfer to an account of such Holder within the United States specified in such request, by wire transfer of immediately available funds to such account; and (ii) in all other cases, by check mailed to the address of the Holder of such Physical Note entitled to such payment as set forth in the Register. To be timely, such written request must be so delivered no later than the Close of Business on the following date: (x) with respect to the payment of any interest due on an Interest Payment Date, the immediately preceding Regular Record Date; (y) with respect to any cash Conversion Consideration, the relevant Conversion Date; and (z) with respect to any other payment, the date that is fifteen (15) calendar days immediately before the date such payment is due.
SECTION 2.05 ACCRUAL OF INTEREST; DEFAULTED AMOUNTS; WHEN PAYMENT DATE IS NOT A BUSINESS DAY.
(A) Accrual of Interest. Each Note will accrue interest at a rate per annum equal to 1.75% (the “Stated Interest”), plus any Special Interest that may accrue pursuant to Section 7.03. Stated Interest on each Note will (i) accrue from, and including, the most recent date to which Stated Interest has been paid or duly provided for (or, if no Stated Interest has theretofore been paid or duly provided for, the date set
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forth in the certificate representing such Note as the date from, and including, which Stated Interest will begin to accrue in such circumstance) to, but excluding, the date of payment of such Stated Interest; and (ii) be, subject to Section 4.02(D), Section 4.03(E) and Section 5.02(D) (but without duplication of any payment of interest), payable semi-annually in arrears on each Interest Payment Date, beginning on the first Interest Payment Date set forth in the certificate representing such Note, to the Holder of such Note as of the Close of Business on the immediately preceding Regular Record Date. Stated Interest, and, if applicable, Special Interest, on the Notes will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months.
(B) Defaulted Amounts. If the Company fails to pay any amount (a “Defaulted Amount”) payable on a Note on or before the due date therefor as provided in the Indenture, then, regardless of whether such failure constitutes an Event of Default, (i) such Defaulted Amount will forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder of such Note otherwise entitled to such payment; (ii) to the extent lawful, interest (“Default Interest”) will accrue on such Defaulted Amount at a rate per annum equal to the rate per annum at which Stated Interest accrues, from, and including, such due date to, but excluding, the date of payment of such Defaulted Amount and Default Interest; and (iii) such Defaulted Amount and Default Interest will be paid, at the Company’s election, as provided in clause (i) or (ii) below.
(i) Payment of Default Amounts on a Special Payment Date. The Company will have the right to pay such Defaulted Amount and Default Interest on a payment date selected by the Company to the Holder of such Note as of the Close of Business on a special record date selected by the Company, provided that (1) such special record date is no more than fifteen (15), nor less than ten (10), calendar days before such payment date; and (2) at least fifteen (15) calendar days before such special record date, the Company sends notice to the Trustee and the Holders that states such special record date, such payment date and the amount of such Defaulted Amount and Default Interest to be paid on such payment date.
(ii) Payment of Default Amount in Any Other Lawful Manner. If not paid in accordance with Section 2.05(B)(i), such Defaulted Amount and Default Interest will be paid by the Company in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Notes may be listed or designated for issuance, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange or automated quotation system, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this Section 2.05(B)(ii), such manner of payment will be deemed practicable by the Trustee.
(C) Delay of Payment When Payment Date Is Not a Business Day. If the due date for a payment on a Note as provided in the Indenture is not a Business Day, then, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, such payment may be made on the immediately following Business Day with the same force and effect as if such payment were made on such due date (and, for the avoidance of doubt, no interest will accrue on such payment as a result of the related delay). Solely for purposes of the immediately preceding sentence, a day on which the applicable place of payment is authorized or required by law or executive order to close or be closed will be deemed not to be a “Business Day.”
(D) Special Provision for Global Notes. If the first date on which any Special Interest begins to accrue on a Global Note is on or after the fifth (5th) Business Day before a Regular Record Date and before the next Interest Payment Date, then, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, the amount thereof accruing in respect of the period from, and including, such first date to, but excluding, such Interest Payment Date will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date but will instead be deemed to accrue (without duplication) entirely on such Interest Payment Date and be payable on the immediately succeeding Interest Payment Date (and, for the avoidance of doubt, no interest will accrue as a result of the related delay).
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Section 2.06 REGISTRAR, PAYING AGENT AND CONVERSION AGENT.
(A) Generally. The Company will maintain (i) an office or agency in the continental United States where Notes may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange (the “Registrar”); (ii) an office or agency in the continental United States where Notes may be presented for payment (the “Paying Agent”); and (iii) an office or agency in the continental United States where Notes may be presented for Conversion (the “Conversion Agent”). If the Company fails to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent or Conversion Agent, then the Trustee will act as such and will receive compensation therefor in accordance with the Indenture and any other agreement between the Trustee and the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act as Registrar, Paying Agent or Conversion Agent, without prior notice to Holders. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2.06(A), each of the Registrar, Paying Agent and Conversion Agent with respect to any Global Note must at all times be a Person that is eligible to act in that capacity under the Depositary Procedures.
(B) Duties of the Registrar. The Registrar will keep a record (the “Register”) of the names and addresses of the Holders, the Notes held by each Holder and the transfer, exchange, repurchase, Redemption and Conversion of Notes. Absent manifest error, the entries in the Register will be conclusive and the Company and the Trustee may treat each Person whose name is recorded as a Holder in the Register as a Holder for all purposes. The Register will be in written form or in any form capable of being converted into written form reasonably promptly.
(C) Co-Agents; Company’s Right to Appoint Successor Registrars, Paying Agents and Conversion Agents. The Company may appoint one or more co-Registrars, co-Paying Agents and co-Conversion Agents, each of whom will be deemed to be a Registrar, Paying Agent or Conversion Agent, as applicable, under the Indenture. Subject to Section 2.06(A), the Company may change any Registrar, Paying Agent or Conversion Agent (including appointing itself or any of its Subsidiaries to act in such capacity) without notice to any Holder. The Company will notify the Trustee (and, upon request, any Holder) of the name and address of each Note Agent, if any, not a party to the Indenture and will enter into an appropriate agency agreement with each such Note Agent, which agreement will implement the provisions of the Indenture that relate to such Note Agent.
(D) Initial Appointments. The Company appoints the Trustee as the initial Paying Agent, the initial Registrar and the initial Conversion Agent and designates the office of the Trustee at U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, 60 Livingston Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55107, EP-MN-S3MC, Attention: Brandon Bonfig (Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. Administrator) as the office for the same (or such other address as the Trustee or applicable Note Agent may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company).
Section 2.07 PAYING AGENT AND CONVERSION AGENT TO HOLD PROPERTY IN TRUST.
The Company will require each Paying Agent or Conversion Agent that is not the Trustee to agree in writing that such Note Agent will (A) hold in trust for the benefit of Holders or the Trustee all money and other property held by such Note Agent for payment or delivery due on the Notes; and (B) notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment or delivery. The Company, at any time, may, and the Trustee, while any Default continues, may, require a Paying Agent or Conversion Agent to pay or deliver, as applicable, all money and other property held by it to the Trustee, after which payment or delivery, as applicable, such Note Agent (if not the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) will have no further liability for such money or property. If the Company or any of its Subsidiaries acts as Paying Agent or Conversion Agent, then (A) it will segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders or the Trustee all money and other property held by it as Paying Agent or Conversion Agent; and (B) references in the Indenture or the Notes to the Paying Agent or Conversion Agent holding cash or other
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property, or to the delivery of cash or other property to the Paying Agent or Conversion Agent, in each case for payment or delivery to any Holders or the Trustee or with respect to the Notes, will be deemed to refer to cash or other property so segregated and held separately, or to the segregation and separate holding of such cash or other property, respectively. Upon the occurrence of any event pursuant to clause (viii) or (ix) of Section 7.01(A) with respect to the Company (or with respect to any Subsidiary of the Company acting as Paying Agent or Conversion Agent), the Trustee will serve as the Paying Agent or Conversion Agent, as applicable, for the Notes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Trustee will have no obligation to hold or deliver shares of Common Stock through a depositary institution. Any delivery of shares of Common Stock through a depositary institution (including any delivery of Common Stock in connection with enforcement of remedies), will be made by the Company to the Holders through its stock transfer agent and the Trustee will have no involvement in such delivery.
Section 2.08 HOLDER LISTS.
If the Trustee is not the Registrar, then the Company will furnish to the Trustee, no later than seven (7) Business Days before each Interest Payment Date, and at such other times as the Trustee may request, a list, in such form and as of such date or time as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders.
Section 2.09 LEGENDS.
(A) Global Note Legend. Each Global Note will bear the Global Note Legend (or any similar legend, not inconsistent with the Indenture, required by the Depositary for such Global Note).
(B) Non-Affiliate Legend. Each Note will bear the Non-Affiliate Legend.
(C) Other Legends. A Note may bear any other legend or text, not inconsistent with the Indenture, as may be required by applicable law or by any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which such Note is traded or quoted.
(D) Acknowledgment and Agreement by the Holders. A Holder’s acceptance of any Note bearing any legend required by this Section 2.09 will constitute such Holder’s acknowledgment of, and agreement to comply with, the restrictions set forth in such legend.
Section 2.10 TRANSFERS AND EXCHANGES; CERTAIN TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS.
(A) Provisions Applicable to All Transfers and Exchanges.
(i) Generally. Subject to this Section 2.10, Physical Notes and beneficial interests in Global Notes may be transferred or exchanged from time to time and the Registrar will record each such transfer or exchange in the Register.
(ii) Transferred and Exchanged Notes Remain Valid Obligations of the Company. Each Note issued upon transfer or exchange of any other Note (such other Note being referred to as the “old Note” for purposes of this Section 2.10(A)(ii)) or portion thereof in accordance with the Indenture will be the valid obligation of the Company, evidencing the same indebtedness, and entitled to the same benefits under the Indenture, as such old Note or portion thereof, as applicable.
(iii) No Services Charge; Transfer Taxes. The Company, the Trustee and the Note Agents will not impose any service charge on any Holder for any transfer, exchange or Conversion of Notes, but the Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and the Conversion Agent may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer, exchange or Conversion of Notes, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.11, Section 2.16 or Section 8.05 not involving any transfer.
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(iv) Transfers and Exchanges Must Be in Authorized Denominations. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, a Note may not be transferred or exchanged in part unless the portion to be so transferred or exchanged is in an Authorized Denomination.
(v) Trustee’s Disclaimer. The Trustee will have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any transfer restrictions imposed under the Indenture or applicable law with respect to any Note, other than to require the delivery of such certificates or other documentation or evidence as expressly required by the Indenture and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the requirements of the Indenture.
(vi) Legends. Each Note issued upon transfer of, or in exchange for, another Note will bear each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09.
(vii) Settlement of Transfers and Exchanges. Upon satisfaction of the requirements of the Indenture to effect a transfer or exchange of any Note, the Company will cause such transfer or exchange to be effected as soon as reasonably practicable but in no event later than the second (2nd) Business Day after the date of such satisfaction.
(B) Transfers and Exchanges of Global Notes.
(i) Certain Restrictions. Subject to the immediately following sentence, no Global Note may be transferred or exchanged in whole except (x) by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary; (y) by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or to another nominee of the Depositary; or (z) by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary. No Global Note (or any portion thereof) may be transferred to, or exchanged for, a Physical Note; provided, however, that a Global Note will be exchanged, pursuant to customary procedures, for one or more Physical Notes if:
(1) (x) the Depositary notifies the Company or the Trustee that the Depositary is unwilling or unable to continue as depositary for such Global Note or (y) the Depositary ceases to be a “clearing agency” registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act and, in each case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary within ninety (90) days of such notice or cessation;
(2) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Company, the Trustee or the Registrar has received a written request from the Depositary, or from a holder of a beneficial interest in such Global Note, to exchange such Global Note or beneficial interest, as applicable, for one or more Physical Notes; or
(3) the Company, in its sole discretion, permits the exchange of any beneficial interest in such Global Note for one or more Physical Notes at the request of the owner of such beneficial interest.
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(ii) Effecting Transfers and Exchanges. Upon satisfaction of the requirements of the Indenture to effect a transfer or exchange of any Global Note (or any portion thereof):
(1) the Trustee will reflect any resulting decrease of the principal amount of such Global Note by notation on the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” forming part of such Global Note (and, if such notation results in such Global Note having a principal amount of zero, then the Company may (but is not required to) instruct the Trustee to cancel such Global Note pursuant to Section 2.14);
(2) if required to effect such transfer or exchange, then the Trustee will reflect any resulting increase of the principal amount of any other Global Note by notation on the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” forming part of such other Global Note;
(3) if required to effect such transfer or exchange, then the Company will issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, a new Global Note bearing each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09; and
(4) if such Global Note (or such portion thereof), or any beneficial interest therein, is to be exchanged for one or more Physical Notes, then the Company will issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, one or more Physical Notes that (x) are in Authorized Denominations and have an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such Global Note to be so exchanged; (y) are registered in such name(s) as the Depositary specifies (or as otherwise determined pursuant to customary procedures); and (z) bear each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09.
(iii) Compliance with Depositary Procedures. Each transfer or exchange of a beneficial interest in any Global Note will be made in accordance with the Depositary Procedures.
(C) Transfers and Exchanges of Physical Notes.
(i) Requirements for Transfers and Exchanges. Subject to this Section 2.10, a Holder of a Physical Note may (x) transfer such Physical Note (or any portion thereof in an Authorized Denomination) to one or more other Person(s); (y) exchange such Physical Note (or any portion thereof in an Authorized Denomination) for one or more other Physical Notes in Authorized Denominations having an aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Physical Note (or portion thereof) to be so exchanged; and (z) if then permitted by the Depositary Procedures, transfer such Physical Note (or any portion thereof in an Authorized Denomination) in exchange for a beneficial interest in one or more Global Notes; provided, however, that, to effect any such transfer or exchange, such Holder must surrender such Physical Note to be transferred or exchanged to the office of the Registrar, together with any endorsements or transfer instruments reasonably required by the Company, the Trustee or the Registrar.
(ii) Effecting Transfers and Exchanges. Upon the satisfaction of the requirements of the Indenture to effect a transfer or exchange of any Physical Note (such Physical Note being referred to as the “old Physical Note” for purposes of this Section 2.10(C)(ii)) of a Holder (or any portion of such old Physical Note in an Authorized Denomination):
(1) such old Physical Note will be promptly cancelled pursuant to Section 2.14;
(2) if such old Physical Note is to be so transferred or exchanged only in part, then the Company will issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, one or more Physical Notes that (x) are in Authorized Denominations and have an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such old Physical Note not to be so transferred or exchanged; (y) are registered in the name of such Holder; and (z) bear each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09;
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(3) in the case of a transfer:
(a) to the Depositary or a nominee thereof that will hold its interest in such old Physical Note (or such portion thereof) to be so transferred in the form of one or more Global Notes, the Trustee will reflect an increase of the principal amount of one or more existing Global Notes by notation on the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” forming part of such Global Note(s), which increase(s) are in Authorized Denominations and aggregate to the principal amount to be so transferred, and which Global Note(s) bear each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09; provided, however, that if such transfer cannot be so effected by notation on one or more existing Global Notes (whether because no Global Notes bearing each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09 then exist, because any such increase will result in any Global Note having an aggregate principal amount exceeding the maximum aggregate principal amount permitted by the Depositary or otherwise), then the Company will issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, one or more Global Notes that (x) are in Authorized Denominations and have an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount that is to be so transferred but that is not effected by notation as provided above; and (y) bear each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09; and
(b) to a transferee that will hold its interest in such old Physical Note (or such portion thereof) to be so transferred in the form of one or more Physical Notes, the Company will issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, one or more Physical Notes that (x) are in Authorized Denominations and have an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount to be so transferred; (y) are registered in the name of such transferee; and (z) bear each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09; and
(4) in the case of an exchange, the Company will issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, one or more Physical Notes that (x) are in Authorized Denominations and have an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount to be so exchanged; (y) are registered in the name of the Person to whom such old Physical Note was registered; and (z) bear each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09.
(D) Transfers of Notes Subject to Redemption, Repurchase or Conversion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, the Company, the Trustee and the Registrar will not be required to register the transfer of or exchange any Note that (i) has been surrendered for Conversion, except to the extent that any portion of such Note is not subject to Conversion; (ii) has been selected for Redemption pursuant to a Redemption Notice, except to the extent that any portion of such Note is not subject to Redemption or the Company fails to pay the applicable Redemption Price when due; or (iii) is subject to a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice validly delivered, and not withdrawn, pursuant to Section 4.02(F), except to the extent that any portion of such Note is not subject to such notice or the Company fails to pay the applicable Fundamental Change Repurchase Price when due.
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Section 2.11 EXCHANGE AND CANCELLATION OF NOTES TO BE CONVERTED, REDEEMED OR REPURCHASED.
(A) Partial Conversions of Physical Notes and Partial Redemptions or Repurchases of Physical Notes. If only a portion of a Physical Note of a Holder is to be Converted pursuant to Article 5, redeemed pursuant to a Redemption or repurchased pursuant to a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change, then, as soon as reasonably practicable after such Physical Note is surrendered for such Conversion, redemption or repurchase, as applicable, the Company will cause such Physical Note to be exchanged, pursuant and subject to Section 2.10(C), for (i) one or more Physical Notes that are in Authorized Denominations and have an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such Physical Note that is not to be so Converted, redeemed or repurchased, as applicable, and deliver such Physical Note(s) to such Holder; and (ii) a Physical Note having a principal amount equal to the principal amount to be so Converted, redeemed or repurchased, as applicable, which Physical Note will be Converted, redeemed or repurchased, as applicable, pursuant to the terms of the Indenture; provided, however, that the Physical Note referred to in this clause (ii) need not be issued at any time after which such principal amount subject to such Conversion or repurchase, as applicable, is deemed to cease to be outstanding pursuant to Section 2.17.
(B) Cancellation of Notes that Are Converted, Redeemed Pursuant to a Redemption and Notes that Are Repurchased Pursuant to a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change.
(i) Physical Notes. If a Physical Note (or any portion thereof that has not theretofore been exchanged pursuant to Section 2.11(A)) of a Holder is to be Converted pursuant to Article 5, redeemed pursuant to a Redemption or repurchased pursuant to a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change, then, promptly after the later of the time such Physical Note (or such portion) is deemed to cease to be outstanding pursuant to Section 2.17 and the time such Physical Note is surrendered for such Conversion, redemption or repurchase, as applicable, (1) such Physical Note will be cancelled pursuant to Section 2.14; and (2) in the case of a partial Conversion, redemption or repurchase, as applicable, the Company will issue, execute and deliver to such Holder, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, one or more Physical Notes that (x) are in Authorized Denominations and have an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such Physical Note that is not to be so Converted, redeemed or repurchased, as applicable; (y) are registered in the name of such Holder; and (z) bear each legend, if any, required by Section 2.09.
(ii) Global Notes. If a Global Note (or any portion thereof) is to be Converted pursuant to Article 5, redeemed pursuant to a Redemption or repurchased pursuant to a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change, then, promptly after the time such Note (or such portion) is deemed to cease to be outstanding pursuant to Section 2.17, the Trustee will reflect a decrease of the principal amount of such Global Note in an amount equal to the principal amount of such Global Note to be so Converted, redeemed or repurchased, as applicable, by notation on the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” forming part of such Global Note (and, if the principal amount of such Global Note is zero following such notation, cancel such Global Note pursuant to Section 2.14).
Section 2.12 REPLACEMENT NOTES.
If a Holder of any Note claims that such Note has been mutilated, lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, then the Company will issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, a replacement Note upon surrender to the Trustee of such mutilated Note, or upon delivery to the Trustee of evidence of such loss, destruction or wrongful taking reasonably satisfactory
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to the Trustee and the Company. The Company may charge the Holder of a Note for the Company’s and the Trustee’s reasonable expenses in replacing such Note pursuant to this Section 2.12. In addition, in the case of a lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken Note, the Company and the Trustee may require the Holder thereof to provide such security or indemnity that is reasonably satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee to protect the Company and the Trustee from any loss that any of them may suffer if such Note is replaced.
Every replacement Note issued pursuant to this Section 2.12 will be an additional obligation of the Company and will be entitled to all of the benefits of the Indenture equally and ratably with all other Notes issued under the Indenture, regardless of whether the related lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken Note is at any time enforceable by any Person.
Section 2.13 REGISTERED HOLDERS; CERTAIN RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO GLOBAL NOTES.
Except to the extent rights hereunder are expressly granted to owners of beneficial interests of Notes, only the Holder of a Note will have rights under the Indenture as the owner of such Note. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Depositary Participants will have no rights as such under the Indenture with respect to any Global Note held on their behalf by the Depositary or its nominee, or by the Trustee as its custodian, and the Company, the Trustee and the Note Agents, and their respective agents, may treat the Depositary as the absolute owner of such Global Note for all purposes whatsoever; provided, however, that (A) the Holder of any Global Note may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Depositary Participants and Persons that hold interests in Notes through Depositary Participants, to take any action that such Holder is entitled to take with respect to such Global Note under the Indenture or the Notes; and (B) the Company and the Trustee, and their respective agents, may give effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary.
Section 2.14 CANCELLATION.
The Company may at any time deliver Notes to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent will forward to the Trustee each Note duly surrendered to them for transfer, exchange, payment or Conversion. The Trustee will promptly cancel all Notes so surrendered to it in accordance with its customary procedures. Without limiting the generality of Section 2.03(B), the Company may not originally issue new Notes to replace Notes that it has paid or that have been cancelled upon transfer, exchange, payment or Conversion.
Section 2.15 NOTES HELD BY THE COMPANY OR ITS AFFILIATES.
Without limiting the generality of Section 2.17, in determining whether the Holders of the required aggregate principal amount of Notes have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, Notes owned by the Company or any of its Affiliates will be deemed not to be outstanding; provided, however, that, for purposes of determining whether the Trustee is protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Notes that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned will be so disregarded.
Section 2.16 TEMPORARY NOTES.
Until definitive Notes are ready for delivery, the Company may issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, temporary Notes. Temporary Notes will be substantially in the form of definitive Notes but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Notes. The Company will promptly prepare, issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, definitive Notes in exchange for temporary Notes. Until so exchanged, each temporary Note will in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under the Indenture as definitive Notes.
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Section 2.17 OUTSTANDING NOTES.
(A) Generally. The Notes that are outstanding at any time will be deemed to be those Notes that, at such time, have been duly executed and authenticated, excluding those Notes (or portions thereof) that have theretofore been (i) cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation in accordance with Section 2.14; (ii) assigned a principal amount of zero by notation on the “Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note” forming part of a Global Note representing such Note; (iii) paid in full (including upon Conversion) in accordance with the Indenture; or (iv) deemed to cease to be outstanding to the extent provided in, and subject to, clause (B), (C) or (D) of this Section 2.17.
(B) Replaced Notes. If a Note is replaced pursuant to Section 2.12, then such Note will cease to be outstanding at the time of its replacement, unless the Trustee and the Company receive proof reasonably satisfactory to them that such Note is held by a “bona fide purchaser” under applicable law.
(C) Maturing Notes and Notes Called for Redemption or Subject to Repurchase. If, on a Redemption Date, a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date or the Maturity Date, the Paying Agent holds money sufficient to pay the aggregate Redemption Price, Fundamental Change Repurchase Price or principal amount, respectively, together, in each case, with the aggregate interest (if any), in each case due on such date, then (unless there occurs a Default in the payment of any such amount) (i) the Notes (or portions thereof) to be redeemed or repurchased, or that mature, on such date will be deemed, as of such date, to cease to be outstanding, except to the extent provided in Section 4.02(D), 4.03(E) or 5.02(D); and (ii) the rights of the Holders of such Notes (or such portions thereof), as such, will terminate with respect to such Notes (or such portions thereof), other than the right to receive the Redemption Price, Fundamental Change Repurchase Price or principal amount, as applicable, of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, such Notes (or such portions thereof), in each case as provided in the Indenture.
(D) Notes to Be Converted. At the Close of Business on the Conversion Date for any Note (or any portion thereof) to be Converted, such Note (or such portion) will (unless there occurs a Default in the delivery of the Conversion Consideration or interest due, pursuant to Section 5.03(B) or Section 5.02(D), upon such Conversion) be deemed to cease to be outstanding, except to the extent provided in Section 5.02(D) or Section 5.08.
(E) Cessation of Accrual of Interest. Except as provided in Section 4.02(D), 4.03(E) or 5.02(D), interest will cease to accrue on each Note from, and including, the date that such Note is deemed, pursuant to this Section 2.17, to cease to be outstanding, unless there occurs a default in the payment or delivery of any cash or other property due on such Note.
Section 2.18 CUSIP AND ISIN NUMBERS.
The Company may use one or more CUSIP or ISIN numbers to identify any of the Notes, and, if so, the Company and the Trustee will use such CUSIP or ISIN number(s) in notices to Holders; provided, however, that (i) the Trustee makes no representation as to the correctness or accuracy of any such CUSIP or ISIN number; and (ii) the effectiveness of any such notice will not be affected by any defect in, or omission of, any such CUSIP or ISIN number. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the CUSIP or ISIN number(s) identifying any Notes.
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Section 2.19 REPURCHASES BY THE COMPANY.
Without limiting the generality of Section 2.14, the Company may, from time to time, repurchase Notes in open market purchases or in negotiated transactions without delivering prior notice to Holders. Notes that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries have purchased or otherwise acquired will be deemed to remain outstanding (except to the extent provided in Section 2.15) until such time as such Notes are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
Article 3. COVENANTS
Section 3.01 PAYMENT ON NOTES.
(A) Generally. The Company will pay or cause to be paid all the principal of, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price and Redemption Price for, interest, if any, on, and other amounts due with respect to, the Notes on the dates and in the manner set forth in the Indenture.
(B) Deposit of Funds. Before 11:00 A.M., New York City time, on each Redemption Date, each Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, each Interest Payment Date, the Maturity Date and each other date on which any cash amount is due on the Notes, the Company will deposit, or will cause there to be deposited, with the Paying Agent cash, in funds immediately available on such date, sufficient to pay the cash amount due on the applicable Notes on such date. The Paying Agent will return to the Company, as soon as practicable, any money not required for such purpose.
Section 3.02 EXCHANGE ACT REPORTS.
(A) Generally. The Company will send to the Trustee copies of all reports that the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (other than Current Reports on Form 8-K or any successor form) within fifteen (15) calendar days after the date that the Company is required to file the same (after giving effect to all applicable grace periods under the Exchange Act); provided, however, that the Company need not send to the Trustee any material for which the Company has received, or is seeking in good faith and has not been denied, confidential treatment by the SEC. Any such report that the Company files with the SEC through the EDGAR system (or any successor thereto) will be deemed to be sent to the Trustee at the time such report is so filed via the EDGAR system (or such successor). Upon the request of any Holder, the Trustee will provide to such Holder a copy of any report that the Company has sent the Trustee pursuant to this Section 3.02(A), other than a report that is deemed to be sent to the Trustee as a result of the Company filing such report with the SEC through the EDGAR system (or any successor thereto). The Company will also comply with its other obligations under Section 314(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act.
The “grace periods” referred to in the preceding paragraph with respect to any report will include the maximum period afforded by Rule 12b-25 (or any successor rule thereto) under the Exchange Act regardless of whether the Company files, or indicates in the related Form 12b-25 (or any successor form thereto) that the Company expects to or will file, such report before the expiration of such maximum period.
(B) Trustee’s Disclaimer. The Trustee need not determine whether the Company has filed any material via the EDGAR system (or such successor). The sending or filing of reports, information and documents to the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.02(A) is for informational purposes only and the receipt of such reports and documents will not constitute actual or constructive notice to the Trustee of any information contained, or determinable from information contained, therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants under the Indenture or the Notes (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates). The Trustee will not be obligated to monitor or confirm, on a continuing basis or otherwise, the Company’s compliance with the covenants under the Indenture or the Notes or with respect to any reports or other documents filed with the SEC through the EDGAR system or any website under the Indenture.
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Section 3.03 COMPLIANCE AND DEFAULT CERTIFICATES.
(A) Annual Compliance Certificate. Within one hundred twenty (120) days after the last day of each fiscal year of the Company, beginning with the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2026, the Company will deliver an Officer’s Certificate to the Trustee stating (i) that the signatory thereto has supervised a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during such fiscal year with a view towards determining whether any Default has occurred; and (ii) whether, to such signatory’s knowledge, a Default has occurred or is continuing (and, if so, describing all such Defaults and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto).
(B) Default Certificate. If a Default or Event of Default occurs, then the Company will, within thirty (30) days after the Company first obtains knowledge of its first occurrence, deliver an Officer’s Certificate to the Trustee describing the same and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto; provided, however, that the Company will not be required to deliver such Officer’s Certificate at any time after such Default or Event of Default is cured or waived.
Section 3.04 STAY, EXTENSION AND USURY LAWS.
To the extent that it may lawfully do so, the Company (A) agrees that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law (wherever or whenever enacted or in force) that may affect the covenants or the performance of the Indenture; and (B) expressly waives all benefits or advantages of any such law and agrees that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power granted to the Trustee by the Indenture, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.
Section 3.05 EXISTENCE.
Subject to Article 6, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect, its corporate existence.
Section 3.06 ACQUISITION OF NOTES BY THE COMPANY AND ITS AFFILIATES.
Without limiting the generality of Section 2.17, Notes that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries have purchased or otherwise acquired will be deemed to remain outstanding (except to the extent provided in Section 2.15) until such time as such Notes are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to prevent any of its controlled Affiliates from acquiring any Note (or any beneficial interest therein).
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Article 4. REPURCHASE AND REDEMPTION
Section 4.01 NO SINKING FUND.
No sinking fund is required to be provided for the Notes.
Section 4.02 RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO REQUIRE THE COMPANY TO REPURCHASE NOTES UPON A FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE.
(A) Right of Holders to Require the Company to Repurchase Notes Upon a Fundamental Change. Subject to the other terms of this Section 4.02, if a Fundamental Change occurs, then each Holder will have the right (the “Fundamental Change Repurchase Right”) to require the Company to repurchase such Holder’s Notes (or any portion thereof in an Authorized Denomination) on the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date for such Fundamental Change for a cash purchase price equal to the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price.
(B) Repurchase Prohibited in Certain Circumstances. If the principal amount of the Notes has been accelerated and such acceleration has not been rescinded on or before the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date for a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change (including as a result of the payment of the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, and any related interest pursuant to the proviso to the first sentence of Section 4.02(D), on such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date), then (i) the Company may not repurchase any Notes pursuant to this Section 4.02; and (ii) the Company will cause any Notes theretofore surrendered for such Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change to be returned to the Holders thereof (or, if applicable with respect to Global Notes, cancel any instructions for book-entry transfer to the Company, the Trustee or the Paying Agent of the applicable beneficial interest in such Notes in accordance with the Depositary Procedures).
(C) Fundamental Change Repurchase Date. The Fundamental Change Repurchase Date for any Fundamental Change will be a Business Day of the Company’s choosing that is no more than thirty-five (35), nor less than twenty (20), Business Days after the date the Company sends the related Fundamental Change Notice pursuant to Section 4.02(E).
(D) Fundamental Change Repurchase Price. The Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for any Note to be repurchased upon a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change following a Fundamental Change is an amount in cash equal to the principal amount of such Note plus accrued and unpaid interest on such Note to, but excluding, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date for such Fundamental Change; provided, however, that if such a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date is after a Regular Record Date and on or before the next Interest Payment Date, then (i) the Holder of such Note at the Close of Business on such Regular Record Date will be entitled, notwithstanding such Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change, to receive, on or, at the Company’s election, before such Interest Payment Date, the unpaid interest that would have accrued on such Note to, but excluding, such Interest Payment Date (assuming, solely for these purposes, that such Note remained outstanding through such Interest Payment Date, if such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date is before such Interest Payment Date); and (ii) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price will not include accrued and unpaid interest on such Note to, but excluding, such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date. For the avoidance of doubt, if an Interest Payment Date is not a Business Day within the meaning of Section 2.05(C) and such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date occurs on the Business Day immediately after such Interest Payment Date, then (x) accrued and unpaid interest on Notes to, but excluding, such Interest Payment Date will be paid, in accordance with Section 2.05(C), on the next Business Day to Holders as of the Close of Business on the immediately preceding Regular Record Date; and (y) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price will include interest on the Notes to be repurchased from, and including, such Interest Payment Date.
(E) Fundamental Change Notice. On or before the twentieth (20th) calendar day after the effective date of a Fundamental Change, the Company will send to each Holder, the Trustee, the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) and the Paying Agent (if other than the Trustee) a notice of such Fundamental Change (a “Fundamental Change Notice”).
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Such Fundamental Change Notice must state:
(i) briefly, the events causing such Fundamental Change;
(ii) the effective date of such Fundamental Change;
(iii) the procedures that a Holder must follow to require the Company to repurchase its Notes pursuant to this Section 4.02, including the deadline for exercising the Fundamental Change Repurchase Right and the procedures for submitting and withdrawing a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice;
(iv) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date for such Fundamental Change;
(v) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for such Fundamental Change (and, if such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date is after a Regular Record Date and on or before the next Interest Payment Date, the amount, manner and timing of the interest payment payable pursuant to the proviso to the first sentence of Section 4.02(D));
(vi) the name and address of the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent;
(vii) the Conversion Rate in effect on the date of such Fundamental Change Notice and a description and quantification of any adjustments to the Conversion Rate that may result from such Fundamental Change (including pursuant to Section 5.07);
(viii) that Notes for which a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice has been duly tendered and not duly withdrawn must be delivered to the Paying Agent for the Holder thereof to be entitled to receive the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price;
(ix) that Notes (or any portion thereof) that are subject to a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice that has been duly tendered may be Converted only if such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice is withdrawn in accordance with the Indenture; and
(x) the CUSIP and ISIN numbers, if any, of the Notes.
Neither the failure to deliver a Fundamental Change Notice nor any defect in a Fundamental Change Notice will limit the Fundamental Change Repurchase Right of any Holder or otherwise affect the validity of any proceedings relating to any Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change.
(F) Procedures to Exercise the Fundamental Change Repurchase Right.
(i) Delivery of Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice and Notes to Be Repurchased. To exercise its Fundamental Change Repurchase Right for a Note following a Fundamental Change, the Holder thereof must deliver to the Paying Agent:
(1) before the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately before the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Date (or such later time as may be required by law), a duly completed, written Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice with respect to such Note; and
(2) such Note, duly endorsed for transfer (if such Note is a Physical Note) or by book-entry transfer (if such Note is a Global Note).
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The Paying Agent will promptly deliver to the Company a copy of each Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice that it receives.
(ii) Contents of Fundamental Change Repurchase Notices. Each Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice with respect to a Note must state:
(1) if such Note is a Physical Note, the certificate number of such Note;
(2) the principal amount of such Note to be repurchased, which must be an Authorized Denomination; and
(3) that such Holder is exercising its Fundamental Change Repurchase Right with respect to such principal amount of such Note;
provided, however, that if such Note is a Global Note, then such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice must comply with the Depositary Procedures (and any such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice delivered in compliance with the Depositary Procedures will be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this Section 4.02(F)).
(iii) Withdrawal of Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice. A Holder that has delivered a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice with respect to a Note may withdraw such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice by delivering a written notice of withdrawal to the Paying Agent at any time before the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately before the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Date. Such withdrawal notice must state:
(1) if such Note is a Physical Note, the certificate number of such Note;
(2) the principal amount of such Note to be withdrawn, which must be an Authorized Denomination; and
(3) the principal amount of such Note, if any, that remains subject to such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice, which must be an Authorized Denomination;
provided, however, that if such Note is a Global Note, then such withdrawal notice must comply with the Depositary Procedures (and any such withdrawal notice delivered in compliance with the Depositary Procedures will be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this Section 4.02(F)).
Upon receipt of any such withdrawal notice with respect to a Note (or any portion thereof), the Paying Agent will (x) promptly deliver a copy of such withdrawal notice to the Company; and (y) if such Note is surrendered to the Paying Agent, cause such Note (or such portion thereof in accordance with Section 2.11, treating such Note as having been then surrendered for partial repurchase in the amount set forth in such withdrawal notice as remaining subject to repurchase) to be returned to the Holder thereof (or, if applicable with respect to any Global Note, cancel any instructions for book-entry transfer to the Company, the Trustee or the Paying Agent of the applicable beneficial interest in such Note in accordance with the Depositary Procedures).
(G) Payment of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price. Without limiting the Company’s obligation to deposit the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price within the time prescribed by Section 3.01(B), the Company will cause the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for a Note (or portion thereof) to be repurchased pursuant to a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change to be paid to the Holder thereof on or before the later of (i) the applicable Fundamental Change Repurchase Date; and (ii) the date (x) such
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Note is delivered to the Paying Agent (in the case of a Physical Note) or (y) the Depositary Procedures relating to the repurchase, and the delivery to the Paying Agent, of such Holder’s beneficial interest in such Note to be repurchased are complied with (in the case of a Global Note). For the avoidance of doubt, interest payable pursuant to the proviso to the first sentence of Section 4.02(D) on any Note to be repurchased pursuant to a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change must be paid pursuant to such proviso regardless of whether such Note is delivered or such Depositary Procedures are complied with pursuant to the first sentence of this Section 4.02(G).
(H) Third Party May Conduct Repurchase Offer In Lieu of the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 4.02, the Company will be deemed to satisfy its obligations under this Section 4.02 if (i) one or more third parties conduct any Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change and related offer to repurchase Notes otherwise required by this Section 4.02 in a manner that would have satisfied the requirements of this Section 4.02 if conducted directly by the Company; and (ii) an owner of a beneficial interest in any Note repurchased by such third party or parties will not receive a lesser amount (including as a result of withholding or other similar taxes) than such owner would have received had the Company repurchased such Note.
(I) No Requirement to Conduct an Offer to Repurchase Notes if the Fundamental Change Results in the Notes Becoming Convertible into an Amount of Cash Exceeding the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 4.02, the Company will not be required to send a Fundamental Change Notice pursuant to Section 4.02(E), or offer to repurchase or repurchase any Notes pursuant to this Section 4.02, in connection with a Common Stock Change Event that constitutes a Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (B)(ii) of the definition thereof (regardless of whether such Common Stock Change Event also constitutes a Fundamental Change pursuant to any other clause of such definition), if (i) the Reference Property of such Common Stock Change Event consists entirely of cash in dollars; (ii) immediately after such Fundamental Change, the Notes become Convertible, pursuant to Section 5.09(A) and, if applicable, Section 5.07, into consideration that consists solely of dollars in an amount per $1,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes that equals or exceeds the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price per $1,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes (calculated (x) assuming that such Fundamental Change Repurchase Price includes accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the latest possible Fundamental Change Repurchase Date for such Fundamental Change; and (y) without regard to the proviso to the first sentence of Section 4.02(D)); and (iii) the Company timely sends the notice relating to such Fundamental Change required pursuant to Section 5.01(C)(i)(3)(b), and includes, in such notice, a statement that the Company is relying on this Section 4.02(I).
(J) Compliance with Applicable Securities Laws. To the extent applicable, the Company will comply, in all material respects, with all federal and state securities laws in connection with a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change (including complying with Rules 13e-4 and 14e-1 under the Exchange Act and filing any required Schedule TO, to the extent applicable) so as to permit effecting such Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change in the manner set forth in the Indenture; provided, however, that, to the extent that the Company’s obligations pursuant to this Section 4.02 conflict with any law or regulation that is applicable to the Company and enacted after the Issue Date, the Company’s compliance with such law or regulation will not be considered to be a Default of such obligations; rather, the Company will be deemed to be in compliance with such obligations if the Company complies with its obligation to effect a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change in accordance with this Section 4.02, modified as necessary by the Company in good faith to permit compliance with such law or regulation.
(K) Repurchase in Part. Subject to the terms of this Section 4.02, Notes may be repurchased pursuant to a Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change in part, but only in Authorized Denominations. Provisions of this Section 4.02 applying to the repurchase of a Note in whole will equally apply to the repurchase of a permitted portion of a Note.
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Section 4.03 RIGHT OF THE COMPANY TO REDEEM THE NOTES.
(A) No Right to Redeem Before May 20, 2030. The Company may not redeem the Notes at its option pursuant to this Section 4.03 at any time before May 20, 2030.
(B) Right to Redeem the Notes on or After May 20, 2030. Subject to the terms of this Section 4.03, the Company has the right, at its election, to redeem all, or any portion (subject to the Partial Redemption Limitation described below) in an Authorized Denomination, of the Notes, at any time, and from time to time, on a Redemption Date on or after May 20, 2030 and on or before the twenty-sixth (26th) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the Maturity Date, for a cash purchase price equal to the Redemption Price, but only if the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock exceeds one hundred and thirty percent (130%) of the Conversion Price on (x) each of at least twenty (20) Trading Days (whether or not consecutive) during the thirty (30) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before such Redemption Notice Date; and (y) the Trading Day immediately before such Redemption Notice Date; provided, however, that the Company will not call less than all of the outstanding Notes for Redemption unless the excess of the principal amount of Notes outstanding as of the time the Company sends the related Redemption Notice over the aggregate principal amount of Notes set forth in such Redemption Notice as being subject to such Redemption is at least seventy-five million dollars ($75,000,000) (such limitation, the “Partial Redemption Limitation”). For the avoidance of doubt, the calling (or the deemed calling, as provided in Section 4.03(I)) of any Notes for Redemption will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change with respect to such Notes called (or deemed called) for Redemption (and not with respect to any other Notes) pursuant to clause (B) of the definition thereof.
(C) Redemption Prohibited in Certain Circumstances. If the principal amount of the Notes has been accelerated and such acceleration has not been rescinded on or before the Redemption Date (including as a result of the payment of the related Redemption Price, and any related interest pursuant to the proviso to the first sentence of Section 4.03(E), on such Redemption Date), then (i) the Company may not call for Redemption or otherwise redeem any Notes pursuant to this Section 4.03; and (ii) the Company will cause any Notes theretofore surrendered for such Redemption to be returned to the Holders thereof (or, if applicable with respect to Global Notes, cancel any instructions for book-entry transfer to the Company, the Trustee or the Paying Agent of the applicable beneficial interests in such Notes in accordance with the Depositary Procedures).
(D) Redemption Date. The Redemption Date for any Redemption will be a date of the Company’s choosing that is no more than fifty (50), nor less than thirty (30), Scheduled Trading Days after the Redemption Notice Date for such Redemption that is, as of the Redemption Notice Date, scheduled to be a Business Day; provided, however, that if, in accordance with Section 5.03(A) the Company elects to settle all Conversions for Notes called for Redemption with a Conversion Date that occurs during the related Make-Whole Fundamental Change Conversion Period by Physical Settlement, then the Company may instead elect to choose a Redemption Date that is a Business Day no more than fifty (50) Scheduled Trading Days, nor less than fifteen (15) calendar days, after the date the Company sends such Redemption Notice.
(E) Redemption Price. The Redemption Price for any Note called for Redemption is an amount in cash equal to the principal amount of such Note plus accrued and unpaid interest on such Note to, but excluding, the Redemption Date for such Redemption; provided, however, that if such Redemption Date is after a Regular Record Date and on or before the next Interest Payment Date, then (i) the Holder of such Note at the Close of Business on such Regular Record Date will be entitled, notwithstanding such Redemption, to receive, on or, at the Company’s election, before such Interest Payment Date, the unpaid interest that would have accrued on such Note to, but excluding, such Interest Payment Date (assuming, solely for these purposes, that such Note remained outstanding through such Interest Payment Date, if such Redemption Date is before such Interest Payment Date); and (ii) the Redemption Price will not include
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accrued and unpaid interest on such Note to, but excluding, such Redemption Date. For the avoidance of doubt, if an Interest Payment Date is not a Business Day within the meaning of Section 2.05(C) and such Redemption Date occurs on the Business Day immediately after such Interest Payment Date, then (x) accrued and unpaid interest on Notes to, but excluding, such Interest Payment Date will be paid, in accordance with Section 2.05(C), on the next Business Day to Holders as of the Close of Business on the immediately preceding Regular Record Date; and (y) the Redemption Price will include interest on Notes to be redeemed from, and including, such Interest Payment Date.
(F) Redemption Notice. To call any Notes for Redemption, the Company must send to each Holder of such Notes a written notice of such Redemption (a “Redemption Notice”).
Such Redemption Notice must state:
(i) that such Notes have been called for Redemption, briefly describing the Company’s Redemption right under the Indenture;
(ii) the Redemption Date for such Redemption;
(iii) the Redemption Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for such Redemption (and, if the Redemption Date is after a Regular Record Date and on or before the next Interest Payment Date, the amount, manner and timing of the interest payment payable pursuant to the proviso to the first sentence of Section 4.03(E));
(iv) the name and address of the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent;
(v) that Notes called for Redemption may be Converted at any time before the Close of Business on the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the Redemption Date (or, if the Company fails to pay the Redemption Price due on such Redemption Date in full, at any time until such time as the Company pays such Redemption Price in full);
(vi) the Conversion Rate in effect on the Redemption Notice Date for such Redemption and a description and quantification of any adjustments to the Conversion Rate that may result from such Redemption (including pursuant to Section 5.07);
(vii) the Settlement Method that will apply to all Conversions of Notes with a Conversion Date that occurs on or after such Redemption Notice Date and on or before the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day before such Redemption Date;
(viii) if applicable, that Conversions of Notes will be settled in the manner set forth in clause (1) of the proviso in Section 5.03(C);
(ix) that Notes called for Redemption must be delivered to the Paying Agent (in the case of Physical Notes) or the Depositary Procedures must be complied with (in the case of Global Notes) for the Holder thereof to be entitled to receive the Redemption Price; and
(x) the CUSIP and ISIN numbers, if any, of the Notes.
On or before the Redemption Notice Date, the Company will send a copy of such Redemption Notice to the Trustee, the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) and the Paying Agent (if other than the Trustee).
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(G) Selection and Conversion of Notes to Be Redeemed in Part.
(i) If fewer than all Notes then outstanding are called for Redemption, then the Notes to be redeemed will be selected by the Company as follows: (1) in the case of Global Notes, in accordance with the Depositary Procedures; and (2) in the case of Physical Notes, pro rata, by lot or by such other method the Company considers fair and appropriate.
(ii) If only a portion of a Note is subject to Redemption and such Note is Converted in part, then the Converted portion of such Note will be deemed to be from the portion of such Note that was subject to Redemption, subject to, in the case of any Global Note, the applicable Depositary Procedures.
(H) Payment of the Redemption Price. Without limiting the Company’s obligation to deposit the Redemption Price by the time prescribed by Section 3.01(B), the Company will cause the Redemption Price for a Note (or portion thereof) subject to Redemption to be paid to the Holder thereof on or before the applicable Redemption Date. For the avoidance of doubt, interest payable pursuant to the proviso to the first sentence of Section 4.03(E) on any Note (or portion thereof) subject to Redemption must be paid pursuant to such proviso.
(I) Special Provisions for Partial Calls. If the Company elects to redeem fewer than all of the outstanding Notes pursuant to this Section 4.03, and the Holder of any Note, or any owner of a beneficial interest in any Global Note, is reasonably not able to determine, before the Close of Business on the twenty-seventh (27th) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the Redemption Date for such Redemption (or, if, pursuant to Section 5.03(A)(ii), the Company irrevocably elects Physical Settlement for all Conversions with a Conversion Date that occurs during the related Make-Whole Fundamental Change Conversion Period, the fifteenth (15th) calendar day), whether such Note or beneficial interest, as applicable, is to be redeemed pursuant to such Redemption, then such Holder or owner, as applicable, will be entitled to Convert such Note or beneficial interest, as applicable, at any time before the Close of Business on the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before such Redemption Date, and each such Conversion will be deemed to be of a Note called for Redemption for purposes of this Section 4.03, Section 5.01(C)(i)(4) and Section 5.07, and the definition of Make-Whole Fundamental Change.
(J) Repurchases or Other Acquisitions Other Than by Redemption Not Affected. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Section 4.03 will limit or otherwise apply to any repurchase or other acquisition, by the Company or its Affiliates, or any other Person, of any Notes not effected by Redemption pursuant to this Section 4.03 (including in open market transactions, private or public tender or exchange offers or otherwise).
Article 5. THE CONVERSION OF NOTES
Section 5.01 RIGHT TO CONVERT.
(A) Generally. Subject to the provisions of this Article 5, each Holder may, at its option, Convert such Holder’s Notes into Conversion Consideration.
(B) Conversions in Part. Subject to the terms of the Indenture, Notes may be Converted in part, but only in Authorized Denominations. Provisions of this Article 5 applying to the Conversion of a Note in whole will equally apply to Conversions of a permitted portion of a Note.
(C) When Notes May Be Converted.
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(i) Generally. Subject to Section 5.01(C)(ii), a Note may be Converted only in the following circumstances:
(1) Conversion Upon Satisfaction of Common Stock Sale Price Condition. Before the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately before February 15, 2032, a Holder may Convert its Notes during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2026, if the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock exceeds one hundred and thirty percent (130%) of the Conversion Price for each of at least twenty (20) Trading Days (whether or not consecutive) during the thirty (30) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the last Trading Day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter.
(2) Conversion Upon Satisfaction of Note Trading Price Condition. Before the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately before February 15, 2032, a Holder may Convert its Notes during the five (5) consecutive Business Days immediately after any ten (10) consecutive Trading Day period (such ten (10) consecutive Trading Day period, the “Measurement Period”) if the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, as determined following a request by a Holder or Holders in accordance with the procedures set forth below, for each Trading Day of the Measurement Period was less than ninety eight percent (98%) of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day and the Conversion Rate on such Trading Day. The condition set forth in the preceding sentence is referred to in this Supplemental Indenture as the “Trading Price Condition.”
The Trading Price will be determined by the Bid Solicitation Agent pursuant to this Section 5.01(C)(i)(2) and the definition of “Trading Price.” The Bid Solicitation Agent (if not the Company) will have no obligation to determine the Trading Price of the Notes unless the Company has requested such determination in writing, and the Company will have no obligation to make such request (or seek bids itself) unless a Holder or Holders holding at least two million dollars ($2,000,000) principal amount of Notes provide(s) the Company with reasonable evidence that the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes would be less than ninety eight percent (98%) of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock and the Conversion Rate. If a Holder or Holders provide(s) such evidence, then the Company will (if acting as Bid Solicitation Agent), or will instruct the Bid Solicitation Agent to, determine the Trading Price of the Notes beginning on the next Trading Day and on each successive Trading Day until the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes is greater than or equal to ninety eight percent (98%) of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day and the Conversion Rate on such Trading Day. If the Trading Price Condition has been met as set forth above, then the Company will notify the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) of the same. If, on any Trading Day after the Trading Price Condition has been met as set forth above, the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes is greater than or equal to ninety eight percent (98%) of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on such Trading Day and the Conversion Rate on such Trading Day, then the Company will notify the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) of the same.
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(3) Conversion Upon Specified Corporate Events.
(a) Certain Distributions. If, before the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately before February 15, 2032, the Company elects to:
(I) distribute, to all or substantially all holders of Common Stock, any rights, options or warrants (other than rights issued pursuant to a stockholder rights plan, so long as such rights have not separated from the Common Stock and are not exercisable until the occurrence of a triggering event, except that such rights will be deemed to be distributed under this clause (I) upon their separation from the Common Stock or upon the occurrence of such triggering event) entitling them, for a period of not more than sixty (60) calendar days after the record date of such distribution, to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share that is less than the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before the date such distribution is announced (determined in the manner set forth in the third paragraph of Section 5.05(A)(ii)); or
(II) distribute, to all or substantially all holders of Common Stock, assets or securities of the Company or rights to purchase the Company’s securities, which distribution per share of Common Stock has a value, as reasonably determined by the Board of Directors, exceeding ten percent (10%) of the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately before the date such distribution is announced,
then, in either case, (x) the Company will send written notice of such distribution, and of the related right to Convert Notes, to Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) at least thirty (30) Scheduled Trading Days before the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution (or, if later in the case of any such separation of rights issued pursuant to a stockholder rights plan or the occurrence of any such triggering event under a stockholder rights plan, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company becomes aware that such separation or triggering event has occurred or will occur); provided, however, if the Company is then otherwise permitted to settle Conversions by Physical Settlement (and, for the avoidance of doubt, the Company has not elected (or been deemed to have elected) another Settlement Method to apply, including pursuant to Section 5.03(A)(i)(1)), then the Company may instead elect to provide such notice at least ten (10) Scheduled Trading Days before such Ex-Dividend Date, in which event the Company shall be required to settle all Conversions with a Conversion Date occurring on or after the date the Company provides such notice and on or before the Business Day immediately preceding the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution (or any earlier announcement by the Company that such distribution will not take place) by Physical Settlement, and the Company shall describe the same in such notice; and (y) once the Company has sent such notice, Holders may Convert their Notes at any time until the earlier of the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately before such Ex-Dividend Date and the Company’s announcement that such distribution will not take place; provided, however, that the Notes will not become Convertible pursuant to clause (y) above (but the Company will be required to send notice of such distribution pursuant to clause (x) above) on account of such distribution if each Holder participates, at the same time and on the same terms as holders of Common Stock, and solely by virtue of being a Holder, in such distribution without having to Convert such Holder’s Notes and as if such Holder held a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (i) the Conversion Rate in effect on the record date for such distribution; and (ii) the aggregate principal amount (expressed in thousands) of Notes held by such Holder on such record date.
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(b) Certain Corporate Events. If a Fundamental Change, Make-Whole Fundamental Change (other than a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (B) of the definition thereof) or Common Stock Change Event occurs (other than a merger or other business combination transaction that is effected solely to change the Company’s jurisdiction of incorporation and that does not constitute a Fundamental Change or a Make-Whole Fundamental Change), then, in each case, Holders may Convert their Notes at any time from, and including, the effective date of such transaction or event to, and including, the thirty-fifth (35th) Trading Day after such effective date (or, if such transaction or event also constitutes a Fundamental Change (other than an Exempted Fundamental Change), to, but excluding, the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Date); provided, however, that if the Company does not provide the notice referred to in the immediately following sentence by the second (2nd) Business Day after such effective date, then the last day on which the Notes are Convertible pursuant to this sentence will be extended by the number of Business Days from, and including, the second (2nd) Business Day after the effective date to, but excluding, the date the Company provides such notice. No later than the second (2nd) Business Day after the effective date, the Company will send written notice to the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) of such transaction or event, such effective date and the related right to Convert Notes.
(4) Conversion Upon Redemption. If the Company calls any Note for Redemption, then the Holder of such Note may Convert such Note at any time before the Close of Business on the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the related Redemption Date (or, if the Company fails to pay the Redemption Price due on such Redemption Date in full, at any time until such time as the Company pays such Redemption Price in full).
(5) Conversions During Free Convertibility Period. A Holder may Convert its Notes at any time from, and including, February 15, 2032 until the Close of Business on the Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the Maturity Date.
For the avoidance of doubt, the Notes may become Convertible pursuant to any one or more of the preceding sub-paragraphs of this Section 5.01(C)(i) and the Notes ceasing to be Convertible pursuant to a particular sub-paragraph of this Section 5.01(C)(i) will not preclude the Notes from being Convertible pursuant to any other sub-paragraph of this Section 5.01(C)(i).
(ii) Limitations and Closed Periods. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes:
(1) Notes may be surrendered for Conversion during a period where the Notes are Convertible pursuant to Section 5.01(C)(i) only after the Open of Business and before the Close of Business on a day that is a Business Day;
(2) in no event may any Note be Converted after the Close of Business on the Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the Maturity Date;
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(3) if the Company calls any Note for Redemption pursuant to Section 4.03, then the Holder of such Note may not Convert such Note after the Close of Business on the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the applicable Redemption Date, except to the extent the Company fails to pay the Redemption Price for such Note in accordance with this Supplemental Indenture; and
(4) if a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice is validly delivered pursuant to Section 4.02(F) with respect to any Note, then such Note may not be Converted, except to the extent (a) such Note is not subject to such notice; (b) such notice is withdrawn in accordance with Section 4.02(F); or (c) the Company fails to pay the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for such Note in accordance with this Supplemental Indenture (or a third party fails to make such payment in lieu of the Company in accordance with Section 4.02(H)).
Section 5.02 CONVERSION PROCEDURES.
(A) Generally.
(i) Global Notes. To Convert a beneficial interest in a Global Note that is Convertible pursuant to Section 5.01(C), the owner of such beneficial interest must (1) comply with the Depositary Procedures for Converting such beneficial interest (at which time such Conversion will become irrevocable); and (2) pay any amounts due pursuant to Section 5.02(D) or Section 5.02(E).
(ii) Physical Notes. To Convert all or a portion of a Physical Note that is Convertible pursuant to Section 5.01(C), the Holder of such Note must (1) complete, manually sign and deliver to the Conversion Agent the Conversion Notice attached to such Physical Note or a facsimile of such Conversion Notice; (2) deliver such Physical Note to the Conversion Agent (at which time such Conversion will become irrevocable); (3) furnish any endorsements and transfer documents that the Company or the Conversion Agent may require; and (4) pay any amounts due pursuant to Section 5.02(D) or Section 5.02(E).
(B) Effect of Converting a Note. At the Close of Business on the Conversion Date for a Note (or any portion thereof) to be Converted, such Note (or such portion) will (unless there occurs a Default in the delivery of the Conversion Consideration or interest, if any, due, pursuant to Section 5.03(B) or 5.02(D)), upon such Conversion, be deemed to cease to be outstanding (and, for the avoidance of doubt, no Person will be deemed to be a Holder of such Note (or such portion thereof) as of the Close of Business on such Conversion Date), except to the extent provided in Section 5.02(D).
(C) Holder of Record of Conversion Shares. The Person in whose name any share of Common Stock is issuable upon Conversion of any Note will be deemed to become the holder of record of such share as of the Close of Business on (i) the Conversion Date for such Conversion, in the case of Physical Settlement; or (ii) the last VWAP Trading Day of the Observation Period for such Conversion, in the case of Combination Settlement.
(D) Interest Payable Upon Conversion in Certain Circumstances. If the Conversion Date of a Note is after a Regular Record Date and before the next Interest Payment Date, then (i) the Holder of such Note at the Close of Business on such Regular Record Date will be entitled, notwithstanding such Conversion (and, for the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding anything set forth in the proviso to this sentence), to receive, on or, at the Company’s election, before such Interest Payment Date, the unpaid interest that would have accrued on such Note to, but excluding, such Interest Payment Date (assuming, solely for these purposes, that such Note remained outstanding through such Interest Payment Date); and (ii) the Holder surrendering such Note for Conversion must deliver to the Conversion Agent, at the time of
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such surrender, an amount of cash equal to the amount of such interest referred to in clause (i) above; provided, however, that the Holder surrendering such Note for Conversion need not deliver such cash (v) with respect to any Note called for Redemption, if the Company has specified a Redemption Date that is after such Regular Record Date and on or before the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day immediately after such Interest Payment Date; (w) if such Conversion Date occurs after the Regular Record Date immediately before the Maturity Date; (x) if the Company has specified a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date that is after such Regular Record Date and on or before the Business Day immediately after such Interest Payment Date; or (y) to the extent of any overdue interest or interest that has accrued on any overdue interest. For the avoidance of doubt, as a result of, and without limiting the generality of, the foregoing, if a Note is Converted with a Conversion Date that is after the Regular Record Date immediately before the Maturity Date, then the Company will pay, as provided above, interest that would have accrued on such Note to, but excluding, the Maturity Date as if such Note had not been Converted. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Conversion Date of a Note to be Converted is on an Interest Payment Date, then the Holder of such Note at the Close of Business on the Regular Record Date immediately before such Interest Payment Date will be entitled to receive, on such Interest Payment Date, the unpaid interest that has accrued on such Note to, but excluding, such Interest Payment Date, and such Note, when surrendered for Conversion, need not be accompanied by any cash amount pursuant to the first sentence of this Section 5.02(D).
(E) Taxes and Duties. If a Holder Converts a Note, the Company will pay or cause to be paid any documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer tax or duty due on the issue or delivery of any shares of Common Stock upon such Conversion; provided, however, that if any tax or duty is due because such Holder requested such shares to be registered in a name other than such Holder’s name, then such Holder will pay such tax or duty and, until having received a sum sufficient to pay such tax or duty, the Conversion Agent may refuse to deliver any such shares to be issued in a name other than that of such Holder.
(F) Conversion Agent to Notify Company of Conversions. If any Note is submitted for Conversion to the Conversion Agent or the Conversion Agent receives any notice of Conversion with respect to a Note, then the Conversion Agent will promptly notify the Company and the Trustee (if other than the Conversion Agent) of such occurrence, together with any other information reasonably requested by the Company, and will cooperate with the Company to determine the Conversion Date for such Note.
Section 5.03 SETTLEMENT UPON CONVERSION.
(A) Settlement Method. Upon the Conversion of any Note, the Company will settle such Conversion by paying or delivering, as applicable and as provided in this Article 5, either (x) shares of Common Stock, together, if applicable, with cash in lieu of fractional shares, as provided in Section 5.03(B)(i)(1) (a “Physical Settlement”); (y) solely cash as provided in Section 5.03(B)(i)(2) (a “Cash Settlement”); or (z) a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, together, if applicable, with cash in lieu of fractional shares, as provided in Section 5.03(B)(i)(3) (a “Combination Settlement”).
(i) The Company’s Right to Elect Settlement Method. The Company will have the right to elect the Settlement Method applicable to any Conversion of a Note; provided, however, that:
(1) subject to clause (3) below, all Conversions of Notes with a Conversion Date that occurs on or after February 15, 2032 will be settled using the same Settlement Method, and the Company will send notice of such Settlement Method to Holders no later than the Open of Business on February 15, 2032;
(2) subject to clause (3) below, if the Company elects a Settlement Method with respect to the Conversion of any Note whose Conversion Date occurs before February 15, 2032, then the Company will send notice of such Settlement Method to the Holder of such Note no later than the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately after such Conversion Date;
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(3) if any Notes are called for Redemption, then (a) the Company will specify, in the related Redemption Notice (and, in the case of a Redemption of fewer than all outstanding Notes, in a notice simultaneously sent to all Holders of Notes not called for Redemption) sent pursuant to Section 4.03(F), the Settlement Method that will apply to all Conversions of Notes with a Conversion Date that occurs on or after the related Redemption Notice Date and on or before the second (2nd) Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the related Redemption Date; and (b) if such Redemption Date occurs on or after February 15, 2032, then such Settlement Method must be the same Settlement Method that, pursuant to clause (1) above, applies to all Conversions of Notes with a Conversion Date that occurs on or after February 15, 2032;
(4) the Company will use the same Settlement Method for all Conversions of Notes with the same Conversion Date (and, for the avoidance of doubt, the Company will not be obligated to use the same Settlement Method with respect to Conversions of Notes with different Conversion Dates, except as provided in clause (1) or (3) above);
(5) if the Company does not timely elect a Settlement Method with respect to the Conversion of a Note, then the Company will be deemed to have elected the Default Settlement Method (and, for the avoidance of doubt, the failure to timely make such election will not constitute a Default or Event of Default); and
(6) if the Company timely elects Combination Settlement with respect to the Conversion of a Note but does not timely notify the Holder of such Note of the applicable Specified Dollar Amount, then the Specified Dollar Amount for such Conversion will be deemed to be $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (and, for the avoidance of doubt, the failure to timely send such notification will not constitute a Default or Event of Default).
At or before the time the Company sends any notice referred to in this Section 5.03(A)(i), the Company will send a copy of such notice to the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee), but the failure to timely send such copy will not affect the validity of any Settlement Method election.
(ii) The Company’s Right to Irrevocably Fix or Eliminate Settlement Methods. The Company will have the right, exercisable at its election by sending notice of such exercise to the Holders (with a copy to the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee)), to (1) irrevocably fix the Settlement Method that will apply to all Conversions of Notes with a Conversion Date that occurs on or after the date such notice is sent to Holders; or (2) irrevocably eliminate any one or more (but not all) Settlement Methods (including eliminating Combination Settlement with a particular Specified Dollar Amount or range of Specified Dollar Amounts) with respect to all Conversions of Notes with a Conversion Date that occurs on or after the date such notice is sent to Holders, provided, in each case, that (w) the Settlement Method so elected pursuant to clause (1) above, or the Settlement Method(s) remaining after any elimination pursuant to clause (2) above, as applicable, must be a Settlement Method or Settlement Method(s), as applicable, that the Company is then permitted to elect (for the avoidance of doubt, including pursuant to, and subject to, the other provisions of this Section 5.03(A)); (x) no such irrevocable election or Default Settlement Method change will affect any Settlement Method theretofore elected (or deemed to be elected) with respect to any Note pursuant to the Indenture (including pursuant to Section 8.01(G) or this Section 5.03(A)); (y) upon any such irrevocable election pursuant to clause (1) above, the Default Settlement Method will automatically be deemed to be set to the Settlement Method so
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fixed; and (z) upon any such irrevocable election pursuant to clause (2) above, the Company will, if needed, simultaneously change the Default Settlement Method to a Settlement Method that is consistent with such irrevocable election. Such notice, if sent, must set forth the applicable Settlement Method(s) so elected or eliminated, as applicable, and the Default Settlement Method applicable immediately after such election, and expressly state that the election is irrevocable and applicable to all Conversions of Notes with a Conversion Date that occurs on or after the date such notice is sent to Holders. For the avoidance of doubt, such an irrevocable election, if made, will be effective without the need to amend the Indenture or the Notes, including pursuant to Section 8.01(G) (it being understood, however, that the Company may nonetheless choose to execute such an amendment at its option).
(iii) Requirement to Publicly Disclose the Fixed or Default Settlement Method. If the Company changes the Default Settlement Method pursuant to clause (x) of the proviso to the definition of such term or irrevocably fixes the Settlement Method(s) pursuant to Section 5.03(A)(ii), then the Company will, substantially concurrently, either post the Default Settlement Method or fixed Settlement Method(s), as applicable, on its website or disclose the same in a Current Report on Form 8-K (or any successor form) that is filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.
(B) Conversion Consideration.
(i) Generally. Subject to Sections 5.03(B)(ii), 5.03(B)(iii) and Section 5.09(A)(iv)(2), the type and amount of consideration (the “Conversion Consideration”) due in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of a Note to be Converted will be as follows:
(1) if Physical Settlement applies to such Conversion, subject to Section 5.03(B)(ii), a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on the Conversion Date for such Conversion;
(2) if Cash Settlement applies to such Conversion, cash in an amount equal to the sum of the Daily Conversion Values for each VWAP Trading Day in the Observation Period for such Conversion; or
(3) if Combination Settlement applies to such Conversion, consideration consisting, subject to Section 5.03(B)(ii), of (a) a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the sum of the Daily Share Amounts for each VWAP Trading Day in the Observation Period for such Conversion; and (b) an amount of cash equal to the sum of the Daily Cash Amounts for each VWAP Trading Day in such Observation Period.
(ii) Cash in Lieu of Fractional Shares. If Physical Settlement or Combination Settlement applies to the Conversion of any Note and the number of shares of Common Stock deliverable pursuant to Section 5.03(B)(i) upon such Conversion is not a whole number, then such number will be rounded down to the nearest whole number and the Company will deliver, in addition to the other consideration due upon such Conversion, cash in lieu of the related fractional share in an amount equal to the product of (1) such fraction and (2) (x) the Daily VWAP on the Conversion Date for such Conversion (or, if such Conversion Date is not a VWAP Trading Day, the immediately preceding VWAP Trading Day), in the case of Physical Settlement; or (y) the Daily VWAP on the last VWAP Trading Day of the Observation Period for such Conversion, in the case of Combination Settlement.
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(iii) Conversion of Multiple Notes by a Single Holder. If a Holder Converts more than one (1) Note on a single Conversion Date, then the Conversion Consideration due in respect of such Conversion will (in the case of any Global Note, to the extent permitted by, and practicable under, the Depositary Procedures) be computed based on the total principal amount of Notes Converted on such Conversion Date by such Holder.
(iv) Notice of Calculation of Conversion Consideration. If Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement applies to the Conversion of any Note, then the Company will determine the Conversion Consideration due thereupon promptly following the last VWAP Trading Day of the applicable Observation Period and will promptly thereafter send notice to the Trustee and the Conversion Agent of the same and the calculation thereof in reasonable detail. Neither the Trustee nor the Conversion Agent will have any duty to make any such determination.
(C) Delivery of the Conversion Consideration. Except as set forth in Sections 5.05(D) and 5.09, the Company will pay or deliver, as applicable, the Conversion Consideration due upon the Conversion of any Note to the Holder as follows: (i) if Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement applies to such Conversion, on or before the second (2nd) Business Day immediately after the last VWAP Trading Day of the Observation Period for such Conversion; and (ii) if Physical Settlement applies to such Conversion, on or before the second (2nd) Business Day immediately after the Conversion Date for such Conversion; provided, however, that if (1) any Note is Converted with a Conversion Date occurring after the Regular Record Date immediately preceding the Maturity Date; and (2) Physical Settlement applies to such Conversion, then, solely for purposes of such Conversion, (x) the Company will pay or deliver, as applicable, the Conversion Consideration due upon such Conversion on or before the Maturity Date (or, if the Maturity Date is not a Business Day, the next Business Day); and (y) the Conversion Date will instead be deemed to be the Scheduled Trading Day immediately before the Maturity Date.
(D) Deemed Payment of Principal and Interest; Settlement of Accrued Interest Notwithstanding Conversion. If a Holder Converts a Note, then the Company will not adjust the Conversion Rate to account for any accrued and unpaid interest on such Note, and, except as provided in Section 5.02(D), the Company’s delivery of the Conversion Consideration due in respect of such Conversion will be deemed to fully satisfy and discharge the Company’s obligation to pay the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, such Note to, but excluding the relevant Conversion Date. As a result, except as provided in Section 5.02(D), any accrued and unpaid interest on a Converted Note will be deemed to be paid in full rather than cancelled, extinguished or forfeited. In addition, subject to Section 5.02(D), upon Conversion, accrued and unpaid interest is first paid by any cash paid upon such Conversion (other than cash paid in lieu of a fractional share) and thereafter by shares of Common Stock.
SECTION 5.04 RESERVE AND STATUS OF COMMON STOCK ISSUED UPON CONVERSION.
(A) Stock Reserve. At all times when any Notes are outstanding, the Company will reserve (out of its authorized and not outstanding shares of Common Stock that are not reserved for other purposes) a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (i) the aggregate principal amount (expressed in thousands) of all then-outstanding Notes; and (ii) the Conversion Rate then in effect (assuming, for these purposes, that the Conversion Rate is increased by the maximum amount pursuant to which the Conversion Rate may be increased pursuant to Section 5.07). To the extent the Company delivers shares of Common Stock held in its treasury in settlement of the Conversion of any Notes, each reference in the Indenture or the Notes to the issuance of shares of Common Stock in connection therewith will be deemed to include such delivery, mutatis mutandis.
(B) Status of Conversion Shares; Listing. Each Conversion Share, if any, delivered upon Conversion of any Note will be a newly issued or treasury share (except that any Conversion Share delivered by a designated financial institution pursuant to Section 5.08 need not be a newly issued or treasury share) and will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid, non-assessable, free from preemptive
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rights and free of any lien or adverse claim (except to the extent of any lien or adverse claim created by the action or inaction of the Holder of such Note or the Person to whom such Conversion Share will be delivered). If the Common Stock is then listed on any securities exchange, or quoted on any inter-dealer quotation system, then the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause each Conversion Share, when delivered upon Conversion of any Note, to be admitted for listing on such exchange or quotation on such system.
SECTION 5.05 ADJUSTMENTS TO THE CONVERSION RATE.
(A) Events Requiring an Adjustment to the Conversion Rate. The Conversion Rate will be adjusted from time to time as follows:
(i) Stock Dividends, Splits and Combinations. If the Company issues solely shares of Common Stock as a dividend or distribution on all or substantially all shares of the Common Stock, or if the Company effects a stock split or a stock combination of the Common Stock (in each case excluding an issuance solely pursuant to a Common Stock Change Event, as to which Section 5.09 will apply), then the Conversion Rate will be adjusted based on the following formula:
where:
| CR0 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Open of Business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution, or immediately before the Open of Business on the Effective Date of such stock split or stock combination, as applicable; | ||
| CR1 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date or Effective Date, as applicable; | ||
| OS0 | = | the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date or Effective Date, as applicable, without giving effect to such dividend, distribution, stock split or stock combination; and | ||
| OS1 | = | the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such dividend, distribution, stock split or stock combination. | ||
If any dividend, distribution, stock split or stock combination of the type described in this Section 5.05(A)(i) is declared or announced, but not so paid or made, then the Conversion Rate will be readjusted, effective as of the date the Board of Directors determines not to pay such dividend or distribution or to effect such stock split or stock combination, to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had such dividend, distribution, stock split or stock combination not been declared or announced.
(ii) Rights, Options and Warrants. If the Company distributes, to all or substantially all holders of Common Stock, rights, options or warrants (other than rights issued or otherwise distributed pursuant to a stockholder rights plan, as to which Sections 5.05(A)(iii)(1) and 5.05(F) will apply) entitling such holders, for a period of not more than sixty (60) calendar days after the
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record date of such distribution, to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share that is less than the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before the date such distribution is announced, then the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:
where:
| CR0 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Open of Business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution; | ||
| CR1 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date; | ||
| OS | = | the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date; | ||
| X | = | the total number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to such rights, options or warrants; and | ||
| Y | = | a number of shares of Common Stock obtained by dividing (x) the aggregate price payable to exercise such rights, options or warrants by (y) the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before the date such distribution is announced. | ||
To the extent such rights, options or warrants are not so distributed, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the increase to the Conversion Rate for such distribution been made on the basis of only the rights, options or warrants, if any, actually distributed. In addition, to the extent that shares of Common Stock are not delivered after the expiration of such rights, options or warrants (including as a result of such rights, options or warrants not being exercised), the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the increase to the Conversion Rate for such distribution been made on the basis of delivery of only the number of shares of Common Stock actually delivered upon exercise of such rights, options or warrants.
For purposes of this Section 5.05(A)(ii) and Section 5.01(C)(i)(3)(a)(I), in determining whether any rights, options or warrants entitle holders of Common Stock to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share that is less than the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before the date the distribution of such rights, options or warrants is announced, and in determining the aggregate price payable to exercise such rights, options or warrants, there will be taken into account any consideration the Company receives for such rights, options or warrants and any amount payable on exercise thereof, with the value of such consideration, if not cash, to be determined by the Company in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner.
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(iii) Spin-Offs and Other Distributed Property.
(1) Distributions Other than Spin-Offs. If the Company distributes shares of its Capital Stock, evidences of its indebtedness or other assets or property of the Company, or rights, options or warrants to acquire Capital Stock of the Company or other securities, to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock, excluding:
(a) dividends, distributions, rights, options or warrants for which an adjustment to the Conversion Rate is required (or would be required without regard to Section 5.05(C)) pursuant to Section 5.05(A)(i) or 5.05(A)(ii);
(b) dividends or distributions paid exclusively in cash for which an adjustment to the Conversion Rate is required (or would be required without regard to Section 5.05(C)) pursuant to Section 5.05(A)(iv);
(c) rights issued or otherwise distributed pursuant to a stockholder rights plan, except to the extent provided in Section 5.05(F);
(d) Spin-Offs for which an adjustment to the Conversion Rate is required (or would be required without regard to Section 5.05(C)) pursuant to Section 5.05(A)(iii)(2);
(e) a distribution solely pursuant to a tender offer or exchange offer for shares of Common Stock, as to which Section 5.05(A)(v) will apply; and
(f) a distribution solely pursuant to a Common Stock Change Event, as to which Section 5.09 will apply,
then the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:
where:
| CR0 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Open of Business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution; | ||
| CR1 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date; | ||
| SP | = | the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately before such Ex-Dividend Date; and | ||
| FMV | = | the fair market value (as determined by the Company in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner), as of such Ex-Dividend Date, of the shares of Capital Stock, evidences of indebtedness, assets, property, rights, options or warrants distributed per share of Common Stock pursuant to such distribution; | ||
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provided, however, that if FMV is equal to or greater than SP, then, in lieu of the foregoing adjustment to the Conversion Rate, each Holder will receive, for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes held by such Holder on the record date for such distribution, at the same time and on the same terms as holders of Common Stock, and without having to Convert its Notes, the amount and kind of shares of Capital Stock, evidences of indebtedness, assets, property, rights, options or warrants that such Holder would have received in such distribution if such Holder had owned, on such record date, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on such record date.
To the extent such distribution is not so paid or made, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustment been made on the basis of only the distribution, if any, actually made or paid.
(2) Spin-Offs. If the Company distributes or dividends shares of Capital Stock of any class or series, or similar equity interests, of or relating to an Affiliate, a Subsidiary or other business unit of the Company to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock (other than solely pursuant to (x) a Common Stock Change Event, as to which Section 5.09 will apply; or (y) a tender offer or exchange offer for shares of Common Stock, as to which Section 5.05(A)(v) will apply), and such Capital Stock or equity interests are listed or quoted (or will be listed or quoted upon the consummation of the transaction) on a U.S. national securities exchange (a “Spin-Off”), then the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:
where:
| CR0 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Spin-Off Valuation Period for such Spin-Off; | ||
| CR1 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Spin-Off Valuation Period; | ||
| FMV | = | the product of (x) the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share or unit of the Capital Stock or equity interests distributed in such Spin-Off over the ten (10) consecutive Trading Day period (the “Spin-Off Valuation Period”) beginning on, and including, the Ex-Dividend Date for such Spin-Off (such average to be determined as if references to Common Stock in the definitions of Last Reported Sale Price, Trading Day and Market Disruption Event were instead references to such Capital Stock or equity interests); and (y) the number of shares or units of such Capital Stock or equity interests distributed per share of Common Stock in such Spin-Off; and | ||
| SP | = | the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock for each Trading Day in the Spin-Off Valuation Period. | ||
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Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5.05(A)(iii)(2), (i) if any VWAP Trading Day of the Observation Period for a Note whose Conversion will be settled pursuant to Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement occurs during the Spin-Off Valuation Period for such Spin-Off, then, solely for purposes of determining the Conversion Rate for such VWAP Trading Day for such Conversion, such Spin-Off Valuation Period will be deemed to consist of the Trading Days occurring in the period from, and including, the Ex-Dividend Date for such Spin-Off to, and including, such VWAP Trading Day; and (ii) if the Conversion Date for a Note whose Conversion will be settled pursuant to Physical Settlement occurs during the Spin-Off Valuation Period for such Spin-Off, then, solely for purposes of determining the Conversion Consideration due in respect of such Conversion, such Spin-Off Valuation Period will be deemed to consist of the Trading Days occurring in the period from, and including, the Ex-Dividend Date for such Spin-Off to, and including, such Conversion Date.
To the extent any dividend or distribution of the type set forth in this Section 5.05(A)(iii)(2) is declared but not made or paid, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustment been made on the basis of only the dividend or distribution, if any, actually made or paid.
(iv) Cash Dividends or Distributions. If any cash dividend or distribution is made to all or substantially all holders of Common Stock, then the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:
where:
| CR0 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Open of Business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution; | ||
| CR1 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Open of Business on such Ex-Dividend Date; | ||
| SP | = | the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately before such Ex-Dividend Date; and | ||
| D | = | the cash amount distributed per share of Common Stock in such dividend or distribution; | ||
provided, however, that if D is equal to or greater than SP, then, in lieu of the foregoing adjustment to the Conversion Rate, each Holder will receive, for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes held by such Holder on the record date for such dividend or distribution, at the same time and on the
same terms as holders of Common Stock, and without having to Convert its Notes, the amount of cash that such Holder would have received in such dividend or distribution if such Holder had owned, on such record date, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on such record date.
To the extent such dividend or distribution is declared but not made or paid, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustment been made on the basis of only the dividend or distribution, if any, actually made or paid.
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(v) Tender Offers or Exchange Offers. If the Company or any of its Subsidiaries makes a payment in respect of a tender offer or exchange offer for shares of Common Stock (other than solely pursuant to an odd-lot tender offer pursuant to Rule 13e-4(h)(5) under the Exchange Act), and the value (determined as of the Expiration Time by the Company in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner) of the cash and other consideration paid or payable per share of Common Stock in such tender or exchange offer exceeds the Last Reported Sale Price per share of Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately after the last date (the “Expiration Date”) on which tenders or exchanges may be made pursuant to such tender or exchange offer (as it may be amended), then the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:
where:
| CR0 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately before the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period for such tender or exchange offer; | ||
| CR1 | = | the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the Close of Business on the last Trading Day of the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period; | ||
| AC | = | the aggregate value (determined as of the time (the “Expiration Time”) such tender or exchange offer expires by the Company in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner) of all cash and other consideration paid or payable for shares of Common Stock purchased or exchanged in such tender or exchange offer; | ||
| OS0 | = | the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before the Expiration Time (including all shares of Common Stock accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer); | ||
| OS1 | = | the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after the Expiration Time (excluding all shares of Common Stock accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer); and | ||
| SP | = | the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices per share of Common Stock over the ten (10) consecutive Trading Day period (the “Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period”) beginning on, and including, the Trading Day immediately after the Expiration Date; | ||
provided, however, that the Conversion Rate will in no event be adjusted down pursuant to this Section 5.05(A)(v), except to the extent provided in the immediately following paragraph. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5.05(A)(v), (i) if any VWAP Trading Day of the Observation Period for a Note whose Conversion will be settled pursuant to Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement occurs during the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period for such tender or exchange offer, then, solely for purposes of determining the Conversion Rate for such VWAP Trading Day for such Conversion, such Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period will be deemed to consist of the Trading Days occurring in the period from, and including, the Trading Day immediately after the Expiration Date for such tender or exchange offer to, and including, such VWAP Trading Day and (ii) if the Conversion Date for a Note whose Conversion will be settled
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pursuant to Physical Settlement occurs during the Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period for such tender or exchange offer, then, solely for purposes of determining the Conversion Consideration due in respect of such Conversion, such Tender/Exchange Offer Valuation Period will be deemed to consist of the Trading Days occurring in the period from, and including, the Trading Day immediately after the Expiration Date to, and including, such Conversion Date.
To the extent such tender or exchange offer is announced but not consummated (including as a result of being precluded from consummating such tender or exchange offer under applicable law), or any purchases or exchanges of shares of Common Stock in such tender or exchange offer are rescinded, the Conversion Rate will be readjusted to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustment been made on the basis of only the purchases or exchanges of shares of Common Stock, if any, actually made, and not rescinded, in such tender or exchange offer.
(B) No Adjustments in Certain Cases.
(i) Where Holders Participate in the Transaction or Event Without Conversion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 5.05(A), the Company will not be obligated to adjust the Conversion Rate on account of a transaction or other event otherwise requiring an adjustment pursuant to Section 5.05(A) (other than a stock split or combination of the type set forth in Section 5.05(A)(i) or a tender or exchange offer of the type set forth in Section 5.05(A)(v)) if each Holder participates, at the same time and on the same terms as holders of Common Stock, and solely by virtue of being a Holder of Notes, in such transaction or event without having to Convert such Holder’s Notes and as if such Holder held a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (i) the Conversion Rate in effect on the related record date; and (ii) the aggregate principal amount (expressed in thousands) of Notes held by such Holder on such date.
(ii) Certain Events. The Company will not be required to adjust the Conversion Rate except as provided in Section 5.05 or Section 5.07. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company will not be obligated to adjust the Conversion Rate on account of:
(1) except as otherwise provided in Section 5.05, the sale of shares of Common Stock for a purchase price that is less than the market price per share of Common Stock or less than the Conversion Price;
(2) the issuance of any shares of Common Stock pursuant to any present or future plan providing for the reinvestment of dividends or interest payable on the Company’s securities and the investment of additional optional amounts in shares of Common Stock under any such plan;
(3) the issuance of any shares of Common Stock or options or rights to purchase shares of Common Stock pursuant to any present or future employee, director or consultant benefit plan or program of, or assumed by, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
(4) the issuance of any shares of Common Stock pursuant to any option, warrant, right or convertible or exchangeable security of the Company outstanding as of the Issue Date;
(5) solely a change in the par value of the Common Stock; or
(6) accrued and unpaid interest on the Notes.
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(C) Adjustment Deferral. If an adjustment to the Conversion Rate otherwise required by this Article 5 would result in a change of less than one percent (1%) to the Conversion Rate, then, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article 5, the Company may, at its election, defer and carry forward such adjustment, except that all such deferred adjustments must be given effect immediately upon the earliest of the following: (i) when all such deferred adjustments would, had they not been so deferred and carried forward, result in a change of at least one percent (1%) to the Conversion Rate; (ii) the Conversion Date of any Note (in the case of Physical Settlement), or each VWAP Trading Day of an Observation Period for any Note (in the case of Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement); (iii) the date a Fundamental Change or Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs; (iv) the date the Company calls any Notes for Redemption; and (v) February 15, 2032.
(D) Adjustments Not Yet Effective. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, if:
(i) a Note is to be Converted and Physical Settlement or Combination Settlement applies to such Conversion;
(ii) the record date, Effective Date or Expiration Time for any event that requires an adjustment to the Conversion Rate pursuant to Section 5.05(A) has occurred on or before the Conversion Date for such Conversion (in the case of Physical Settlement) or on or before any VWAP Trading Day in the Observation Period for such Conversion (in the case of Combination Settlement), but an adjustment to the Conversion Rate for such event has not yet become effective as of such Conversion Date or VWAP Trading Day, as applicable;
(iii) the Conversion Consideration due upon such Conversion includes any whole shares of Common Stock (in the case of Physical Settlement) or due in respect of such VWAP Trading Day includes any whole or fractional shares of Common Stock (in the case of Combination Settlement); and
(iv) such shares are not entitled to participate in such event (because they were not held on the related record date or otherwise),
then, solely for purposes of such Conversion, the Company will, without duplication, give effect to such adjustment on such Conversion Date (in the case of Physical Settlement) or such VWAP Trading Day (in the case of Combination Settlement). In such case, if the date on which the Company is otherwise required to deliver the consideration due upon such Conversion is before the first date on which the amount of such adjustment can be determined, then the Company will delay the settlement of such Conversion until the second (2nd) Business Day after such first date.
(E) Conversion Rate Adjustments Where Converting Holders Participate in the Relevant Transaction or Event. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, if:
(i) a Conversion Rate adjustment for any dividend or distribution becomes effective on any Ex-Dividend Date pursuant to Section 5.05(A);
(ii) a Note is to be Converted pursuant to Physical Settlement or Combination Settlement;
(iii) the Conversion Date for such Conversion (in the case of Physical Settlement) or any VWAP Trading Day in the Observation Period for such Conversion (in the case of Combination Settlement) occurs on or after such Ex-Dividend Date and on or before the related record date;
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(iv) the Conversion Consideration due upon such Conversion includes any whole shares of Common Stock (in the case of Physical Settlement) or due in respect of such VWAP Trading Day includes any whole or fractional shares of Common Stock (in the case of Combination Settlement), in each case based on a Conversion Rate that is adjusted for such dividend or distribution; and
(v) such shares would be entitled to participate in such dividend or distribution (including pursuant to Section 5.02(C)),
then (x) in the case of Physical Settlement, such Conversion Rate adjustment will not be given effect for such Conversion and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such Conversion based on such unadjusted Conversion Rate will not be entitled to participate in such dividend or distribution, but there will be added, to the Conversion Consideration otherwise due upon such Conversion, the same kind and amount of consideration that would have been delivered in such dividend or distribution with respect to such shares of Common Stock had such shares been entitled to participate in such dividend or distribution; and (y) in the case of Combination Settlement, the Conversion Rate adjustment relating to such Ex-Dividend Date will be made for such Conversion in respect of such VWAP Trading Day, but the shares of Common Stock issuable with respect to such VWAP Trading Day based on such adjusted Conversion Rate will not be entitled to participate in such dividend or distribution.
(F) Stockholder Rights Plans. If any shares of Common Stock are to be issued upon Conversion of any Note and, at the time of such Conversion, the Company has in effect any stockholder rights plan, then the Holder of such Note will be entitled to receive, in addition to, and concurrently with the delivery of, the Conversion Consideration otherwise payable under the Indenture upon such Conversion, the rights set forth in such stockholder rights plan, unless such rights have separated from the Common Stock at such time, in which case, and only in such case, the Conversion Rate will be adjusted pursuant to Section 5.05(A)(iii)(1) on account of such separation as if, at the time of such separation, the Company had made a distribution of the type referred to in such Section to all holders of the Common Stock, subject to potential readjustment in accordance with the last paragraph of Section 5.05(A)(iii)(1).
(G) Limitation on Effecting Transactions Resulting in Certain Adjustments. The Company will not engage in or be a party to any transaction or event that would require the Conversion Rate to be adjusted pursuant to Section 5.05(A) or Section 5.07 to an amount that would result in the Conversion Price per share of Common Stock being less than the par value per share of Common Stock.
(H) Equitable Adjustments to Prices. Whenever any provision of the Indenture requires the Company to calculate the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices, or any function thereof, the Daily VWAPs, the Daily Conversion Values, the Daily Cash Amounts or the Daily Share Amounts over a period of multiple days (including over an Observation Period, to calculate an adjustment to the Conversion Rate and the period, if any, for determining the Stock Price for purposes of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change), the Company will, acting in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner, make appropriate adjustments, if any, to those calculations to account for any adjustment to the Conversion Rate that becomes effective, or any event requiring an adjustment to the Conversion Rate where the Ex-Dividend Date, Effective Date or Expiration Date, as applicable, of the event occurs, at any time during such period or Observation Period, as applicable.
(I) Calculation of Number of Outstanding Shares of Common Stock. For purposes of Section 5.05(A), the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at any time will (i) include shares issuable in respect of scrip certificates issued in lieu of fractions of shares of Common Stock; and (ii) exclude shares of Common Stock held in the Company’s treasury (unless the Company pays any dividend or makes any distribution on shares of Common Stock held in its treasury).
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(J) Calculations. All calculations with respect to the Conversion Rate and adjustments thereto will be made to the nearest 1/10,000th of a share of Common Stock (with 5/100,000ths rounded upward) or to the nearest cent (with 0.5 of a cent rounded upward), as applicable.
(K) Notice of Conversion Rate Adjustments. Upon the effectiveness of any adjustment to the Conversion Rate pursuant to Section 5.05(A), the Company will promptly send notice to the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) containing (i) a brief description of the transaction or other event on account of which such adjustment was made; (ii) the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after such adjustment; and (iii) the effective time of such adjustment.
Section 5.06 VOLUNTARY ADJUSTMENTS.
(A) Generally. To the extent permitted by law and applicable stock exchange rules, the Company, from time to time, may (but is not required to) increase the Conversion Rate by any amount if (i) the Board of Directors determines that such increase is either (x) in the best interest of the Company; or (y) advisable to avoid or diminish any income tax imposed on holders of Common Stock or rights to purchase Common Stock as a result of any dividend or distribution of shares (or rights to acquire shares) of Common Stock or any similar event; (ii) such increase is in effect for a period of at least twenty (20) Business Days; and (iii) such increase is irrevocable during such period.
(B) Notice of Voluntary Increases. If the Board of Directors determines to increase the Conversion Rate pursuant to Section 5.06(A), then, no later than the first Business Day of the related twenty (20) or more Business Day period referred to in Section 5.06(A), the Company will send notice to each Holder, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent of such increase, the amount thereof and the period during which such increase will be in effect.
Section 5.07 ADJUSTMENTS TO THE CONVERSION RATE IN CONNECTION WITH A MAKE-WHOLE FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE.
(A) Generally. If a Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs and the Conversion Date for the Conversion of a Note occurs during the related Make-Whole Fundamental Change Conversion Period, then, subject to this Section 5.07, the Conversion Rate applicable to such Conversion will be increased by a number of shares (the “Additional Shares”) set forth in the table below corresponding (after interpolation as provided in, and subject to, the provisions below) to the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date and the Stock Price of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change:
| Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date |
Stock Price | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $17.00 | $20.00 | $24.65 | $28.00 | $32.04 | $50.00 | $75.00 | $115.00 | $175.00 | $250.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 11, 2026 |
18.2555 | 14.0405 | 9.8759 | 7.9025 | 6.1960 | 2.5968 | 1.0291 | 0.2819 | 0.0259 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2027 |
18.2555 | 14.0405 | 9.7343 | 7.6954 | 5.9516 | 2.3704 | 0.8895 | 0.2212 | 0.0094 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2028 |
18.2555 | 13.9910 | 9.4280 | 7.3268 | 5.5568 | 2.0578 | 0.7156 | 0.1570 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2029 |
18.2555 | 13.6615 | 8.8710 | 6.7171 | 4.9441 | 1.6370 | 0.5079 | 0.0910 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2030 |
18.2555 | 12.9875 | 7.9189 | 5.7296 | 3.9994 | 1.0914 | 0.2841 | 0.0344 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2031 |
18.2555 | 11.6790 | 6.1736 | 4.0061 | 2.4616 | 0.4480 | 0.0947 | 0.0041 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15, 2032 |
18.2555 | 9.4320 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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If such Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date or Stock Price is not set forth in the table above, then:
(i) if such Stock Price is between two Stock Prices in the table above or the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date is between two dates in the table above, then the number of Additional Shares will be determined by straight-line interpolation between the numbers of Additional Shares set forth for the higher and lower Stock Prices in the table above or the earlier and later dates in the table above, based on a 365- or 366-day year, as applicable; and
(ii) if the Stock Price is greater than $250.00 (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the Stock Prices set forth in the column headings of the table above are adjusted pursuant to Section 5.07(B)), or less than $17.00 (subject to adjustment in the same manner), per share of Common Stock, then no Additional Shares of Common Stock will be added to the Conversion Rate.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, in no event will the Conversion Rate be increased to an amount that exceeds 58.8235 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which amount is subject to adjustment in the same manner as, and at the same time and for the same events for which, the Conversion Rate is required to be adjusted pursuant to Section 5.05(A).
For the avoidance of doubt, but subject to Section 4.03(I), (x) the sending of a Redemption Notice will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change only with respect to the Notes called (or deemed called) for Redemption pursuant to such Redemption Notice, and not with respect to any other Notes; and (y) the Conversion Rate applicable to the Notes not so called (or deemed called) for Redemption will not be subject to increase pursuant to this Section 5.07 on account of such Redemption Notice.
(B) Adjustment of Stock Prices and Number of Additional Shares. The Stock Prices in the first row (i.e., the column headers) of the table set forth in Section 5.07(A) will be adjusted in the same manner as, and at the same time and for the same events for which, the Conversion Price is adjusted as a result of the operation of Section 5.05(A). The numbers of Additional Shares in the table set forth in Section 5.07(A) will be adjusted in the same manner as, and at the same time and for the same events for which, the Conversion Rate is adjusted pursuant to Section 5.05(A).
(C) Notice of the Occurrence of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change. If a Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs pursuant to clause (A) of the definition thereof, then, promptly and in no event later than the second (2nd) Business Day immediately after the Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change, the Company will notify the Holders of the occurrence of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change and of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change Effective Date, briefly stating the circumstances under which the Conversion Rate will be increased pursuant to this Section 5.07 in connection with such Make-Whole Fundamental Change, in accordance with Section 5.01(C)(i)(3)(b). The Company will notify the Holders of each Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurring pursuant to clause (B) of the definition thereof in the related Redemption Notice in accordance with Section 4.03(F) (with a copy to the Trustee, the Paying Agent, if other than the Trustee, and the Conversion Agent, if other than the Trustee).
(D) Settlement of Cash Make-Whole Fundamental Changes. For the avoidance of doubt, if holders of Common Stock receive solely cash in a Make-Whole Fundamental Change, then, pursuant to Section 5.09, Conversions of Notes will thereafter be settled no later than the second (2nd) Business Day after the relevant Conversion Date.
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Section 5.08 EXCHANGE IN LIEU OF CONVERSION.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article 5, and subject to the terms of this Section 5.08, if a Note is submitted for Conversion, the Company may elect to arrange to have such Note exchanged in lieu of Conversion by a financial institution designated by the Company. To make such election, the Company must send notice of such election to the Holder of such Note, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) before the Close of Business on the Business Day immediately following the Conversion Date for such Note. If the Company has made such election, then:
(A) no later than the Business Day immediately following such Conversion Date, the Company must deliver (or cause the Conversion Agent to deliver) such Note, together with delivery instructions for the Conversion Consideration due upon such Conversion (including wire instructions, if applicable), to a financial institution designated by the Company that has agreed to deliver such Conversion Consideration in the manner and at the time the Company would have had to deliver the same pursuant to this Article 5;
(B) if such Note is a Global Note, then (i) such designated institution will send written confirmation to the Conversion Agent promptly after wiring the cash Conversion Consideration, if any, and delivering any other Conversion Consideration, due upon such Conversion to the Holder of such Note; and (ii) the Conversion Agent will as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter contact such Holder’s custodian with the Depositary to confirm receipt of the same; and
(C) such Note will not cease to be outstanding by reason of such exchange in lieu of Conversion;
provided, however, that if such financial institution does not accept such Note or fails to timely deliver such Conversion Consideration, then the Company will be responsible for delivering such Conversion Consideration in the manner and at the time provided in this Article 5 as if the Company had not elected to make an exchange in lieu of Conversion.
Section 5.09 EFFECT OF COMMON STOCK CHANGE EVENT.
(A) Generally. If there occurs any:
(i) recapitalization, reclassification or change of the Common Stock (other than (x) changes solely resulting from a subdivision or combination of the Common Stock, (y) a change only in par value or from par value to no par value or no par value to par value and (z) stock splits and stock combinations that do not involve the issuance of any other series or class of securities);
(ii) consolidation, merger, combination or binding or statutory share exchange involving the Company;
(iii) sale, lease or other transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any Person; or
(iv) other similar event,
and, as a result of which, the Common Stock is converted into, or is exchanged for, or represents solely the right to receive, other securities, cash or other property, or any combination of the foregoing (such an event, a “Common Stock Change Event,” and such other securities, cash or property, the “Reference Property,” and the amount and kind of Reference Property that a holder of one (1) share of Common Stock would be entitled to receive on account of such Common Stock Change Event (without giving effect to any arrangement not to issue or deliver a fractional portion of any security or other property), a “Reference Property Unit”), then, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes,
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(1) from and after the effective time of such Common Stock Change Event, (I) the Conversion Consideration due upon Conversion of any Note, and the conditions to any such Conversion, will be determined in the same manner as if each reference to any number of shares of Common Stock in this Article 5 (or in any related definitions) were instead a reference to the same number of Reference Property Units; (II) for purposes of Section 4.03, each reference to any number of shares of Common Stock in such Section (or in any related definitions) will instead be deemed to be a reference to the same number of Reference Property Units; and (III) for purposes of the definitions of “Fundamental Change” and “Make-Whole Fundamental Change,” references to “Common Stock” and the Company’s “Common Equity” will be deemed to refer to the Common Equity (including depositary receipts representing Common Equity), if any, forming part of such Reference Property;
(2) if such Reference Property Unit consists entirely of cash, then (I) each Conversion of any Note with a Conversion Date that occurs on or after the effective date of such Common Stock Change Event will be settled entirely in cash in an amount, per $1,000 principal amount of such Note being Converted, equal to the product of (x) the Conversion Rate in effect on such Conversion Date (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any increase to such Conversion Rate pursuant to Section 5.07, if applicable); and (y) the amount of cash constituting such Reference Property Unit; and (II) the Company will settle each such Conversion no later than the second (2nd) Business Day after the relevant Conversion Date; and
(3) for these purposes, (I) the Daily VWAP of any Reference Property Unit or portion thereof that consists of a class of Common Equity securities will be determined by reference to the definition of “Daily VWAP,” substituting, if applicable, the Bloomberg page for such class of securities in such definition; and (II) the Daily VWAP of any Reference Property Unit or portion thereof that does not consist of a class of Common Equity securities, and the Last Reported Sale Price of any Reference Property Unit or portion thereof that does not consist of a class of securities, will be the fair value of such Reference Property Unit or portion thereof, as applicable, determined in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner by the Company (or, in the case of cash denominated in dollars, the face amount thereof).
If the Reference Property consists of more than a single type of consideration to be determined based in part upon any form of stockholder election, then the composition of the Reference Property Unit will be deemed to be the weighted average of the types and amounts of consideration actually received, per share of Common Stock, by the holders of Common Stock. The Company will notify Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) of such weighted average as soon as practicable after such determination is made.
At or before the effective time of such Common Stock Change Event, the Company and the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (if not the Company) of such Common Stock Change Event (the “Successor Person”) will execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to Section 8.01(F), which supplemental indenture will (x) provide for subsequent Conversions of Notes in the manner set forth in this Section 5.09; (y) provide for subsequent adjustments to the Conversion Rate pursuant to Section 5.05(A) in a manner consistent with this Section 5.09; and (z) contain such other provisions, if any, that the Company reasonably determines are appropriate to preserve the economic interests of the Holders and to give effect to the provisions of this Section 5.09(A). If the Reference Property includes shares of stock or other securities or assets (other than cash) of a Person other than the Successor Person, then such other Person will also execute such supplemental indenture and such supplemental indenture will contain such additional provisions, if any, that the Company reasonably determines are appropriate to preserve the economic interests of the Holders.
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(B) Notice of Common Stock Change Events. The Company will provide notice of each Common Stock Change Event to Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) no later than the second (2nd) Business Day after the effective date of such Common Stock Change Event, including a brief description of such Common Stock Change Event, its effective date and a brief description of the anticipated change in the conversion right of the Notes.
(C) Compliance Covenant. The Company will not become a party to any Common Stock Change Event unless its terms are consistent with this Section 5.09.
Section 5.10 RESPONSIBILITY OF THE TRUSTEE.
The Trustee and the Conversion Agent will not at any time be under any duty or responsibility to any Holder to determine the Conversion Rate (or any adjustment thereto) or whether any facts exist that may require any adjustment (including any increase) of the Conversion Rate, or with respect to the nature or extent or calculation of any such adjustment when made, or with respect to the method employed, or herein or in any supplemental indenture provided to be employed, in making the same. The Trustee and any other Conversion Agent will not be accountable with respect to the validity or value (or the kind or amount) of any shares of Common Stock, monitoring the Company’s stock trading price or of any securities, property or cash that may at any time be issued or delivered upon the Conversion of any Note; and the Trustee and any other Conversion Agent make no representations with respect thereto. Neither the Trustee nor any Conversion Agent will be responsible for any failure of the Company to issue, transfer or deliver any shares of Common Stock or stock certificates or other securities or property or cash upon the surrender of any Note for the purpose of Conversion or to comply with any of the duties, responsibilities or covenants of the Company contained in this Article 5. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, neither the Trustee nor any Conversion Agent will be under any responsibility to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in any supplemental indenture entered into pursuant to Section 5.09 relating either to the kind or amount of shares of stock or securities or property (including cash) receivable by Holders upon the Conversion of their Notes after any event referred to in such Section 5.09 or to any adjustment to be made with respect thereto, but may accept (without any independent investigation) as conclusive evidence of the correctness of any such provisions, and will be protected in relying upon, the Officer’s Certificate with respect thereto. Neither the Trustee nor Conversion Agent will be responsible for determining whether any event contemplated by this Article 5 has occurred that makes the Notes eligible for Conversion or no longer eligible for Conversion.
Article 6. SUCCESSORS
Section 6.01 WHEN THE COMPANY MAY MERGE, ETC.
(A) Generally. The Company will not consolidate with or merge with or into, or (directly, or indirectly through one or more of its Subsidiaries) sell, lease or otherwise transfer, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to another Person (a “Business Combination Event”), unless:
(i) the resulting, surviving or transferee Person either (x) is the Company or (y) if not the Company, is a Qualified Successor Entity (such Qualified Successor Entity, the “Successor Entity”) duly organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia that expressly assumes (by executing and delivering to the Trustee, at or before the effective time of such Business Combination Event, a supplemental indenture pursuant to Section 8.01(E)) all of the Company’s obligations under the Indenture and the Notes; and
(ii) immediately after giving effect to such Business Combination Event, no Default or Event of Default will have occurred and be continuing.
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(B) Delivery of Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel to the Trustee. At or before the effective time of any Business Combination Event, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel, each stating that (i) such Business Combination Event (and, if applicable, the related supplemental indenture) comply with Section 6.01(A); and (ii) all conditions precedent to such Business Combination Event provided in the Indenture have been satisfied.
Section 6.02 SUCCESSOR ENTITY SUBSTITUTED.
At the effective time of any Business Combination Event that complies with Section 6.01, the Successor Entity (if not the Company) will succeed to, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under the Indenture and the Notes with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company in the Indenture and the Notes, and, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Company will be discharged from its obligations under the Indenture and the Notes.
Section 6.03 EXCLUSION FOR ASSET TRANSFERS WITH WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARIES.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article 6, this Article 6 will not apply to any transfer of assets (other than by merger or consolidation) between or among the Company and any one or more of its Wholly Owned Subsidiaries. For the avoidance of doubt, in the case of any such transfer, the transferee will not succeed to, and the Company will not be discharged from, its obligations under the Notes or the Indenture.
Article 7. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
Section 7.01 EVENTS OF DEFAULT.
(A) Definition of Events of Default. “Event of Default” means the occurrence of any of the following:
(i) a default in the payment when due (whether at maturity, upon Redemption or Repurchase Upon Fundamental Change or otherwise) of the principal of, or the Redemption Price or Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for, any Note;
(ii) a default for thirty (30) consecutive days in the payment when due of interest on any Note;
(iii) the Company’s failure to deliver, when required by the Indenture, (x) a Fundamental Change Notice or a notice pursuant to Section 5.01(C)(i)(3) (other than a notice pursuant to Section 5.01(C)(i)(3)(a)) if such failure is not cured within three (3) Business Days after its occurrence, or (y) a notice pursuant to Section 5.01(C)(i)(3)(a) when due;
(iv) a default in the Company’s obligation to Convert a Note in accordance with Article 5 upon the exercise of the Conversion right with respect thereto, if such default is not cured within three (3) Business Days after its occurrence;
(v) a default in the Company’s obligations under Article 6;
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(vi) a default in any of the Company’s obligations or agreements under the Indenture or the Notes (other than a default set forth in clause (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) or (v) of this Section 7.01(A)) where such default is not cured or waived within sixty (60) days after notice to the Company by the Trustee, or to the Company and the Trustee by Holders of at least twenty five percent (25%) of the aggregate principal amount of Notes then outstanding, which notice must specify such default, demand that it be remedied and state that such notice is a “Notice of Default”;
(vii) a default by the Company or any of the Company’s Significant Subsidiaries with respect to any one or more mortgages, agreements or other instruments under which there is outstanding, or by which there is secured or evidenced, any indebtedness for money borrowed of at least thirty million dollars ($30,000,000) (or its foreign currency equivalent) in the aggregate of the Company or any of the Company’s Significant Subsidiaries, whether such indebtedness exists as of the Issue Date or is thereafter created, where such default:
(1) constitutes a failure to pay the principal of such indebtedness when due and payable at its stated maturity, upon required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise, in each case after the expiration of any applicable grace period; or
(2) results in such indebtedness becoming or being declared due and payable before its stated maturity,
in each case where such default is not cured or waived within thirty (30) days after notice to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by Holders of at least twenty five percent (25%) of the aggregate principal amount of Notes then outstanding;
(viii) a final judgment being rendered against the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries for the payment of at least thirty million dollars ($30,000,000) (or its foreign currency equivalent) (excluding any amounts covered by insurance), where such judgment is not discharged or stayed within sixty (60) days after (i) the date on which the right to appeal the same has expired, if no such appeal has commenced; or (ii) the date on which all rights to appeal have been extinguished;
(ix) the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law, either:
(1) commences a voluntary case or proceeding;
(2) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case or proceeding;
(3) consents to the appointment of a custodian of it or for any substantial part of its property;
(4) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors;
(5) takes any comparable action under any foreign Bankruptcy Law; or
(6) generally is not paying its debts as they become due; or
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(x) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that either:
(1) is for relief against the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries in an involuntary case or proceeding;
(2) appoints a custodian of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, or for any substantial part of the property of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries;
(3) orders the winding up or liquidation of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries; or
(4) grants any similar relief under any foreign Bankruptcy Law,
and, in each case under this Section 7.01(A)(x), such order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for at least sixty (60) days.
For the avoidance of doubt, any failure by the Company to provide any notice under the Indenture other than as set forth in Section 7.01(A)(iii) above shall be subject to Section 7.01(A)(vi) above (including the 60-day cure period contained therein).
(B) Cause Irrelevant. Each of the events set forth in Section 7.01(A) will constitute an Event of Default regardless of the cause thereof or whether voluntary or involuntary or effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body.
Section 7.02 ACCELERATION.
(A) Automatic Acceleration in Certain Circumstances. If an Event of Default set forth in Section 7.01(A)(ix) or 7.01(A)(x) occurs with respect to the Company (and not solely with respect to a Significant Subsidiary of the Company), then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, all of the Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any Person.
(B) Optional Acceleration. Subject to Section 7.03, if an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default set forth in Section 7.01(A)(ix) or 7.01(A)(x) with respect to the Company and not solely with respect to a Significant Subsidiary of the Company) occurs and is continuing, then the Trustee, by notice to the Company, or Holders of at least twenty five percent (25%) of the aggregate principal amount of Notes then outstanding, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, all of the Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately. For the avoidance of doubt, if such Event of Default is not continuing at the time such notice is provided (that is, such Event of Default has been cured or waived as of such time), then such notice will not be effective to cause such amounts to become due and payable immediately.
(C) Rescission of Acceleration. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may, on behalf of all Holders, rescind any acceleration of the Notes and its consequences if (i) such rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction; and (ii) all existing Events of Default (except the non-payment of principal of, or interest, if any, on, the Notes that has become due solely because of such acceleration) have been cured or waived. No such rescission will affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereto.
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Section 7.03 SOLE REMEDY FOR A FAILURE TO REPORT.
(A) Generally. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, the Company may elect that the sole remedy for any Event of Default (a “Reporting Event of Default”) pursuant to Section 7.01(A)(vi) arising from the Company’s failure to comply with Section 3.02 (including the Company’s obligations under Section 314(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act) will, for each of the first three hundred and sixty five (365) calendar days on which such Reporting Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, consist exclusively of the accrual of Special Interest on the Notes. If the Company has made such an election, then (i) the Notes will be subject to acceleration pursuant to Section 7.02 on account of the relevant Reporting Event of Default from, and including, the three hundred and sixty-sixth (366th) calendar day on which such Reporting Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or if the Company fails to pay any accrued and unpaid Special Interest when due; and (ii) Special Interest will cease to accrue on any Notes from, and including, such three hundred sixty-sixth (366th) calendar day (it being understood that interest on any defaulted Special Interest will nonetheless accrue pursuant to Section 2.05(B)).
(B) Amount and Payment of Special Interest. Any Special Interest that accrues on a Note pursuant to Section 7.03(A) will accrue at a rate per annum equal to one quarter of one percent (0.25%) of the principal amount thereof for the first one hundred and eighty (180) days on which such Reporting Event of Default is continuing and Special Interest accrues and, thereafter, at a rate per annum equal to one half of one percent (0.50%) of the principal amount thereof, to, and including, the three hundred and sixty-fifth (365th) calendar day on which such Reporting Event of Default is continuing and Special Interest accrues. For the avoidance of doubt, any Special Interest that accrues on a Note will be in addition to the Stated Interest that accrues on such Note.
(C) Notice of Election. To make the election set forth in Section 7.03(A), the Company must send to the Holders, the Trustee and the Paying Agent (if other than the Trustee), before the date on which each Reporting Event of Default first occurs, a notice that (i) briefly describes the report(s) that the Company failed to file with the SEC; (ii) states that the Company is electing that the sole remedy for such Reporting Event of Default consist of the accrual of Special Interest; and (iii) briefly describes the periods during which and rate at which Special Interest will accrue and the circumstances under which the Notes will be subject to acceleration on account of such Reporting Event of Default.
(D) Notice to Trustee and Paying Agent; Trustee’s Disclaimer. If Special Interest accrues on any Note, then, no later than five (5) Business Days before each date on which such Special Interest is to be paid, the Company will deliver an Officer’s Certificate to the Trustee and the Paying Agent stating (i) that the Company is obligated to pay Special Interest on such Note on such date of payment; and (ii) the amount of such Special Interest that is payable on such date of payment. The Trustee will have no duty to determine whether any Special Interest is payable or the amount thereof.
(E) No Effect on Other Events of Default. No election pursuant to this Section 7.03 with respect to a Reporting Event of Default will affect the rights of any Holder with respect to any other Event of Default, including with respect to any other Reporting Event of Default.
Section 7.04 OTHER REMEDIES.
(A) Trustee May Pursue All Remedies. If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, then the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of any amounts due with respect to the Notes or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Indenture or the Notes.
(B) Procedural Matters. The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Notes or does not produce any of them in such proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder in exercising any right or remedy following an Event of Default will not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of, or acquiescence in, such Event of Default. All remedies will be cumulative to the extent permitted by law.
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Section 7.05 WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS.
An Event of Default pursuant to clause (i), (ii), (iv) or (vi) of Section 7.01(A) (that, in the case of clause (vi) only, results from a Default under any covenant that cannot be amended without the consent of each affected Holder), and a Default that could lead to such an Event of Default, can be waived only with the consent of each affected Holder. Each other Default or Event of Default may be waived, on behalf of all Holders, by the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding. If an Event of Default is so waived, then it will cease to exist. If a Default is so waived, then it will be deemed to be cured and any Event of Default arising therefrom will be deemed not to occur. However, no such waiver will extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right arising therefrom.
Section 7.06 CURE OF DEFAULTS; ABILITY TO CURE OR WAIVE BEFORE EVENT OF DEFAULT OCCURS.
For the avoidance of doubt, and without limiting the manner in which any Default can be cured, (A) a Default or Event of Default consisting of a failure to send a notice in accordance with the Indenture will be cured upon the sending of such notice; (B) a Default or Event of Default in making any payment on (or delivering any other consideration in respect of) any Note will be cured upon the delivery, in accordance with the Indenture, of such payment (or other consideration) together, if applicable, with Default Interest thereon; and (C) a Default or Event of Default that is (or, after notice, passage of time or both, would be) a Reporting Event of Default will be cured upon the filing of the relevant report(s) giving rise to such Reporting Event of Default; provided that (i) the cure of any Event of Default shall not invalidate any acceleration of the Notes on account of such Event of Default that was properly effected prior to such time as such Event of Default was cured and (ii) the cure of any Reporting Event of Default shall not affect the Company’s obligation to pay any Special Interest that accrues prior to the time of such cure. In addition, for the avoidance of doubt, if a Default that is not an Event of Default is cured or waived before such Default would have constituted an Event of Default, then no Event of Default will result from such Default.
Section 7.07 CONTROL BY MAJORITY.
Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law, the Indenture or the Notes, or that, subject to Section 10.01, the Trustee determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders or may involve the Trustee in liability, unless the Trustee is offered (and, if requested, provided with) security and indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense to the Trustee that may result from the Trustee’s following such direction.
Section 7.08 LIMITATION ON SUITS.
No Holder may pursue any remedy with respect to the Indenture or the Notes (except to enforce (x) its rights to receive the principal of, or the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price or Redemption Price for, or interest on, any Notes; or (y) the Company’s obligations to Convert any Notes pursuant to Article 5), unless:
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(A) such Holder has previously delivered to the Trustee notice that an Event of Default is continuing;
(B) Holders of at least twenty five percent (25%) in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding deliver a request to the Trustee to pursue such remedy;
(C) such Holder or Holders offer and, if requested, provide to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense to the Trustee that may result from the Trustee’s following such request;
(D) the Trustee does not comply with such request within sixty (60) calendar days after its receipt of such request and such offer of security or indemnity; and
(E) during such sixty (60) calendar day period, Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding do not deliver to the Trustee a direction that is inconsistent with such request.
A Holder of a Note may not use the Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder. The Trustee will have no duty to determine whether any Holder’s use of the Indenture complies with the preceding sentence.
Section 7.09 ABSOLUTE RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO INSTITUTE SUIT FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE RIGHT TO RECEIVE PAYMENT AND CONVERSION CONSIDERATION.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes (but without limiting Section 8.01), the right of each Holder of a Note to receive payment or delivery, as applicable, of the principal of, or the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price or Redemption Price for, or any interest on, or the Conversion Consideration due pursuant to Article 5 upon Conversion of, such Note on or after the respective due dates therefor provided in the Indenture and the Notes, or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment or delivery on or after such respective due dates, will not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.
Section 7.10 COLLECTION SUIT BY TRUSTEE.
The Trustee will have the right, upon the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default pursuant to clause (i), (ii) or (iv) of Section 7.01(A), to recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the total unpaid or undelivered principal of, or Fundamental Change Repurchase Price or Redemption Price for, or any interest on, or Conversion Consideration due pursuant to Article 5 upon Conversion of, the Notes, as applicable, and, to the extent lawful, any Default Interest on any Defaulted Amounts, and such further amounts sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including compensation provided for in Section 10.06; provided that nothing in the Indenture will require the Trustee to take ownership, control or possession of Common Stock held through a depositary institution of or to assist in the delivery of the Common Stock through a depositary institution.
Section 7.11 TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.
The Trustee has the right to (A) file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and the Holders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Notes) or its creditors or property and (B) collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims. Each Holder authorizes any custodian in such proceeding to make such payments to the Trustee, and, if the
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Trustee consents to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to the Trustee for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, and its agents and counsel, and any other amounts payable to the Trustee pursuant to Section 10.06. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements, advances and other amounts out of the estate in such proceeding, is denied for any reason, payment of the same will be secured by a lien on, and will be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding (whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise). Nothing in the Indenture will be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize, consent to, accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Notes or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.
Section 7.12 PRIORITIES.
The Trustee will pay or deliver in the following order any money or other property that it collects pursuant to this Article 7:
First: to the Trustee and its agents and attorneys for amounts due hereunder, including payment of all fees and compensation of, and all expenses and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by, the Trustee (in each of its capacities under the Indenture, including as Note Agent) and the costs and expenses of collection;
Second: to Holders for unpaid amounts or other property due on the Notes, including the principal of, or the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price or Redemption Price for, or any interest on, or any Conversion Consideration due upon Conversion of, the Notes, ratably, and without preference or priority of any kind, according to such amounts or other property due and payable on all of the Notes; and
Third: to the Company or such other Person as a court of competent jurisdiction directs.
The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment or delivery to the Holders pursuant to this Section 7.12, in which case the Trustee will instruct the Company to, and the Company will, deliver, at least fifteen (15) calendar days before such record date, to each Holder and the Trustee a notice stating such record date, such payment date and the amount of such payment or nature of such delivery, as applicable.
Section 7.13 UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.
In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under the Indenture or the Notes or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, a court, in its discretion, may (A) require the filing by any litigant party in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit; and (B) assess reasonable costs (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) against any litigant party in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such litigant party; provided, however, that this Section 7.13 does not apply to any suit by the Trustee, any suit by a Holder pursuant to Section 7.09 or any suit by one or more Holders of more than ten percent (10%) in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding.
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Article 8. AMENDMENTS, SUPPLEMENTS AND WAIVERS
Section 8.01 WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF HOLDERS.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 8.02, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement the Indenture or the Notes without the consent of any Holder to:
(A) cure any ambiguity or correct any omission, defect or inconsistency in the Indenture or the Notes;
(B) add guarantees with respect to the Company’s obligations under the Indenture or the Notes;
(C) secure the Notes;
(D) add to the Company’s covenants or Events of Default for the benefit of the Holders or surrender any right or power conferred on the Company;
(E) provide for the assumption of the Company’s obligations under the Indenture and the Notes pursuant to, and in compliance with, Article 6;
(F) enter into supplemental indentures pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 5.09 in connection with a Common Stock Change Event;
(G) irrevocably elect or eliminate any Settlement Method or Specified Dollar Amount; provided, however, that no such election or elimination will affect any Settlement Method theretofore elected (or deemed to be elected) with respect to any Note pursuant to Section 5.03(A)(i);
(H) evidence or provide for the acceptance of the appointment, under the Indenture, of a successor Trustee;
(I) conform the provisions of the Indenture and the Notes to the “Description of Notes” section of the Company’s preliminary prospectus supplement, dated May 5, 2026, as supplemented by the related pricing term sheet, dated May 6, 2026;
(J) provide for or confirm the issuance of additional Notes pursuant to Section 2.03(B);
(K) provide for any transfer restrictions that apply to any Notes issued under the Indenture (other than the Initial Notes) that, at the time of their original issuance, constitute “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 or that are originally issued in reliance upon Regulation S under the Securities Act;
(L) comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with effecting or maintaining the qualification of the Indenture or any supplemental indenture under the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect; or
(M) make any other change to the Indenture or the Notes that does not, individually or in the aggregate with all other such changes, adversely affect the rights of the Holders, as such, in any material respect, as determined by the Company in good faith.
At the written request of any Holder of a Note or owner of a beneficial interest in a Global Note, the Company will provide a copy of the “Description of Notes” section and pricing term sheet referred to in Section 8.01(I).
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Section 8.02 WITH THE CONSENT OF HOLDERS.
(A) Generally. Subject to Sections 8.01, 7.05 and 7.09 and the immediately following sentence, the Company and the Trustee may, with the consent of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, amend or supplement the Indenture or the Notes or waive compliance with any provision of the Indenture or the Notes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the foregoing sentence, but subject to Section 8.01, without the consent of each affected Holder, no amendment or supplement to the Indenture or the Notes, or waiver of any provision of the Indenture or the Notes, may:
(i) reduce the principal, or change the stated maturity, of any Note;
(ii) reduce the Redemption Price or Fundamental Change Repurchase Price for any Note or change the times at which, or the circumstances under which, the Notes may or will be redeemed or repurchased by the Company;
(iii) reduce the rate, or extend the time for the payment, of interest on any Note;
(iv) make any change that adversely affects the Conversion rights of any Note;
(v) impair the rights of any Holder set forth in Section 7.09 (as such section is in effect on the Issue Date);
(vi) change the ranking of the Notes;
(vii) make any Note payable in money, or at a place of payment, other than that stated in the Indenture or the Note;
(viii) reduce the amount of Notes whose Holders must consent to any amendment, supplement, waiver or other modification; or
(ix) make any direct or indirect change to any amendment, supplement, waiver or modification provision of the Indenture or the Notes that requires the consent of each affected Holder.
For the avoidance of doubt, pursuant to clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) of this Section 8.02(A), no amendment or supplement to the Indenture or the Notes, or waiver of any provision of the Indenture or the Notes, may change the amount or type of consideration due on any Note (whether on an Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Fundamental Change Repurchase Date or the Maturity Date or upon Conversion, or otherwise), or the date(s) or time(s) such consideration is payable or deliverable, as applicable, without the consent of each affected Holder.
(B) Holders Need Not Approve the Particular Form of any Amendment. A consent of any Holder pursuant to this Section 8.02 need approve only the substance, and not necessarily the particular form, of the proposed amendment, supplement or waiver.
Section 8.03 NOTICE OF AMENDMENTS, SUPPLEMENTS AND WAIVERS.
As soon as reasonably practicable after any amendment, supplement or waiver pursuant to Section 8.01 or 8.02 becomes effective, the Company will send to the Holders and the Trustee notice that (A) describes the substance of such amendment, supplement or waiver in reasonable detail and (B) states the effective date thereof. The failure to send, or the existence of any defect in, such notice will not impair or affect the validity of such amendment, supplement or waiver.
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Section 8.04 REVOCATION, EFFECT AND SOLICITATION OF CONSENTS; SPECIAL RECORD DATES; ETC.
(A) Revocation and Effect of Consents. The consent of a Holder of a Note to an amendment, supplement or waiver will bind (and constitute the consent of) each subsequent Holder of any Note to the extent the same evidences any portion of the same indebtedness as the consenting Holder’s Note, subject to the right of any Holder of a Note to revoke (if not prohibited pursuant to Section 8.04(B)) any such consent with respect to such Note by delivering notice of revocation to the Trustee before the time such amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective.
(B) Special Record Dates. The Company may, but is not required to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to consent or take any other action in connection with any amendment, supplement or waiver pursuant to this Article 8. If a record date is fixed, then, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 8.04(A), only Persons who are Holders as of such record date (or their duly designated proxies) will be entitled to give such consent, to revoke any consent previously given or to take any such action, regardless of whether such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date; provided, however, that no such consent will be valid or effective for more than one hundred and twenty (120) calendar days after such record date.
(C) Solicitation of Consents. For the avoidance of doubt, each reference in the Indenture or the Notes to the consent of a Holder will be deemed to include any such consent obtained in connection with a repurchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, any Notes.
(D) Effectiveness and Binding Effect. Each amendment, supplement or waiver pursuant to this Article 8 will become effective in accordance with its terms and, when it becomes effective with respect to any Note (or any portion thereof), will thereafter bind every Holder of such Note (or such portion).
Section 8.05 NOTATIONS AND EXCHANGES.
If any amendment, supplement or waiver changes the terms of a Note, then the Trustee, at the Company’s direction, or the Company may, in its discretion, require the Holder of such Note to deliver such Note to the Trustee so that the Trustee, at the Company’s direction, may place an appropriate notation prepared by the Company on such Note and return such Note to such Holder. Alternatively, at its discretion, the Company may, in exchange for such Note, issue, execute and deliver, and the Trustee will authenticate, in each case in accordance with Section 2.02, a new Note that reflects the changed terms. The failure to make any appropriate notation or issue a new Note pursuant to this Section 8.05 will not impair or affect the validity of such amendment, supplement or waiver.
Section 8.06 TRUSTEE TO EXECUTE SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.
The Trustee will execute and deliver any amendment or supplemental indenture authorized pursuant to this Article 8; provided, however, that the Trustee need not (but may, in its sole and absolute discretion) execute or deliver any such amendment or supplemental indenture that adversely affects the Trustee’s rights, duties, liabilities or immunities. In executing any amendment or supplemental indenture, the Trustee will be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 10.01 and Section 10.02) will be fully protected in relying on, an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that (A) the execution and delivery of such amendment or supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by the Indenture; and (B) in the case of the Opinion of Counsel, such amendment or supplemental indenture is valid, binding and enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms.
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Article 9. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
Section 9.01 TERMINATION OF COMPANY’S OBLIGATIONS.
The Company’s obligations with respect to the Notes under the Indenture will be discharged, and the Indenture will cease to be of further effect as to all Notes issued under the Indenture, when:
(A) all Notes then outstanding (other than Notes replaced pursuant to Section 2.12) have (i) been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or (ii) become due and payable (whether on a Redemption Date, a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, the Maturity Date, upon Conversion or otherwise) for an amount of cash or Conversion Consideration, as applicable, that has been fixed;
(B) the Company has caused there to be irrevocably deposited with the Trustee, or with the Paying Agent (or, with respect to Conversion Consideration, the Conversion Agent), in each case for the benefit of the Holders, or has otherwise caused there to be delivered to the Holders, cash (or, with respect to Notes to be Converted, Conversion Consideration) sufficient to satisfy all amounts or other property due on all Notes then outstanding (other than Notes replaced pursuant to Section 2.12);
(C) the Company has paid all other amounts payable by it under the Indenture; and
(D) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that the conditions precedent to the discharge of the Indenture have been satisfied;
provided, however, that Article 10 and Section 11.01 will survive such discharge and, until no Notes remain outstanding, Section 2.14 and the obligations of the Trustee, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent with respect to money or other property deposited with them will survive such discharge.
At the Company’s request, the Trustee will acknowledge the satisfaction and discharge of the Indenture.
Section 9.02 REPAYMENT TO COMPANY.
Subject to applicable unclaimed property law, the Trustee, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent will promptly notify the Company if there exists (and, at the Company’s request, promptly deliver to the Company) any cash, Conversion Consideration or other property held by any of them for payment or delivery on the Notes that remain unclaimed two (2) years after the date on which such payment or delivery was due. After such delivery to the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent will have no further liability to any Holder with respect to such cash, Conversion Consideration or other property, and Holders entitled to the payment or delivery of such cash, Conversion Consideration or other property must look to the Company for payment as a general creditor of the Company.
Section 9.03 REINSTATEMENT.
If the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Conversion Agent is unable to apply any cash or other property deposited with it pursuant to Section 9.01 because of any legal proceeding or any order or judgment of any court or other governmental authority that enjoins, restrains or otherwise prohibits such application, then the discharge of the Indenture pursuant to Section 9.01 will be rescinded; provided, however, that if the Company thereafter pays or delivers any cash or other property due on the Notes to the Holders thereof, then the Company will be subrogated to the rights of such Holders to receive such cash or other property from the cash or other property, if any, held by the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Conversion Agent, as applicable.
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Article 10. TRUSTEE
Section 10.01 DUTIES OF THE TRUSTEE.
(A) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, and a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has written notice or actual knowledge of the same, then, without limiting the generality of Section 10.02(F), the Trustee will exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by the Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.
(B) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:
(i) the duties of the Trustee will be determined solely by the express provisions of the Indenture, and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in the Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations will be read into the Indenture against the Trustee; and
(ii) in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct on its part, the Trustee may, without investigation, conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officer’s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel that are provided to the Trustee and conform to the requirements of the Indenture; provided, however, that the Trustee will examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of the Indenture.
(C) The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its negligence or willful misconduct, except that:
(i) this paragraph will not limit the effect of Section 10.01(B);
(ii) the Trustee will not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and
(iii) the Trustee will not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 7.07.
(D) No provision of the Indenture will require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or incur any liability.
(E) The Trustee will not be liable for interest on any money received by it, except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds, except to the extent required by law.
(F) The Trustee will not be liable in its individual capacity for the obligations evidenced by the Notes.
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(G) Each provision of the Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee (including any provision that affects the liability of, or affords protection to, the Trustee) is subject to this Section 10.01, regardless of whether such provision so expressly provides.
Section 10.02 RIGHTS OF THE TRUSTEE.
(A) The Trustee may conclusively rely on any document that it believes to be genuine and signed or presented by the proper Person, and the Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in such document.
(B) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officer’s Certificate, an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee will not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee may consult with counsel; and the advice of such counsel, or any Opinion of Counsel, will constitute full and complete authorization of the Trustee to take or omit to take any action in good faith in reliance thereon without liability.
(C) The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and will not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any such agent appointed with due care.
(D) The Trustee will not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith and that it believes to be authorized or within the rights or powers vested in it by the Indenture.
(E) Unless otherwise specifically provided in the Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company will be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company.
(F) The Trustee need not exercise any rights or powers vested in it by the Indenture at the request or direction of any Holder unless such Holder has offered (and, if requested, provided) the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense that it may incur in complying with such request or direction.
(G) The Trustee will not be responsible or liable for any punitive, special, incidental, indirect or consequential loss or damage (including lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.
(H) The permissive rights of the Trustee set forth in the Indenture will not be construed as duties imposed on the Trustee.
(I) The Trustee will not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the execution or performance of the Indenture or otherwise.
(J) Unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has received notice from the Company that Special Interest is owing or accruing, on the Notes, the Trustee may assume that no Special Interest is payable or accruing.
(K) The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and will be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities under the Indenture, including as Note Agent.
(L) The Trustee will not be charged with knowledge of any document or agreement other than the Indenture and the Notes.
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(M) Neither the Trustee nor any Note Agent will have any responsibility or liability to any person for any action taken or not taken by, or any records or any other aspect of the operations of, the Depositary (including the delivery of notices, or the making of payments, through the facilities of the Depositary) and may conclusively rely, without investigation, on any information provided by the Depositary.
(N) To the extent Holders are entitled to any consideration in the form of Common Stock, and the Trustee determines it will be necessary to receive such information and provides notice to both the Company and the Holders of such request, the Trustee will be entitled to receive and conclusively rely upon certificates, notices or such other documents reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee delivered to it from the Company or the Holders with respect any such consideration; provided that to the extent any information provided by Holders with respect thereto is inconsistent with information provided by the Company, the information from any such Holder will control.
(O) The Trustee will not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the corporate trust office of the Trustee as set forth in Section 2.06(D), and such notice references the Notes and the Indenture and states that it is a notice of Default or Event of Default.
Section 10.03 INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS OF THE TRUSTEE.
The Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of any Note and may otherwise deal with the Company or any of its Affiliates with the same rights that it would have if it were not Trustee; provided, however, that if the Trustee acquires a “conflicting interest” (within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act), then it must eliminate such conflict within ninety (90) days or resign as Trustee. Each Note Agent will have the same rights and duties as the Trustee under this Section 10.03.
Section 10.04 TRUSTEE’S DISCLAIMER.
The Trustee will not be (A) responsible for, and makes no representation as to, the validity or adequacy of the Indenture or the Notes; (B) accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Notes or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company’s direction under any provision of the Indenture; (C) responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee; and (D) responsible for any statement or recital in the Indenture, the Notes or any other document relating to the sale of the Notes or the Indenture, other than the Trustee’s certificate of authentication.
Section 10.05 NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.
If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing and is actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, then the Trustee will send Holders a notice of such Default or Event of Default within ninety (90) days after it occurs or, if it is not actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee at such time, promptly (and in any event within ten (10) Business Days) after it becomes actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee; provided, however, that, except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, or interest on, any Note, or a Default in the payment or delivery of the Conversion Consideration, the Trustee may withhold such notice if and for so long as it in good faith determines that withholding such notice is in the interests of the Holders. For the avoidance of doubt, the Trustee will not be required to deliver such notice at any time after such Default or Event of Default is cured or waived.
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Section 10.06 COMPENSATION AND INDEMNITY.
(A) The Company will, from time to time, pay the Trustee reasonable compensation for its acceptance of the Indenture and services under the Indenture as the Company and the Trustee will from time to time agree in writing. The Trustee’s compensation will not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. In addition to the compensation for the Trustee’s services, the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee promptly upon request for all reasonable disbursements, advances and expenses incurred or made by it under the Indenture, including the reasonable compensation, disbursements and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.
(B) The Company will indemnify and hold harmless the Trustee (including the cost of defending itself) against any cost, expense (including attorneys’ fees) or liability, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, and measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it (except as set forth in the next paragraph) in the performance of its duties under the Indenture as Trustee or Note Agent, (whether brought by the Company, any Holder or any third party) including those incurred with respect to enforcement of its right to indemnity hereunder. The Trustee will notify the Company promptly of any claim by a third party for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company will not relieve the Company of its obligations under this Section 10.06(B), unless and to the extent the Company is materially prejudiced thereby. Except for claims involving the Company, the Company will defend such claim, and the Trustee will cooperate in such defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel (plus local counsel, if applicable, in each applicable jurisdiction), and the Company will pay the fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification will apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee.
(C) The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through willful misconduct or gross negligence, as determined by a final non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction.
(D) The obligations of the Company under this Section 10.06 will survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee, the repayment of the Notes and the discharge of the Indenture.
(E) To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section 10.06, the Trustee will have a lien prior to the Notes on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of, or interest on, particular Notes, which lien will survive the discharge of the Indenture.
(F) If the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default pursuant to clause (ix) or (x) of Section 7.01(A) occurs, then such expenses and the compensation for such services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.
Section 10.07 REPLACEMENT OF THE TRUSTEE.
(A) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 10.07, a resignation or removal of the Trustee, and the appointment of a successor Trustee, will become effective only upon such successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section 10.07.
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(B) The Trustee may resign at any time and be discharged from the trust created by the Indenture by so notifying the Company. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding may remove the Trustee by so notifying the Trustee and the Company in writing at least thirty (30) days prior to the requested date of removal. The Company may remove the Trustee if:
(i) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 10.09;
(ii) the Trustee is adjudged to be bankrupt or insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;
(iii) a custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or
(iv) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.
(C) If the Trustee resigns or is removed, or if a vacancy exists in the office of the Trustee for any reason, then (i) the Company will promptly appoint a successor Trustee; and (ii) at any time within one (1) year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding may appoint a successor Trustee to replace such successor Trustee appointed by the Company.
(D) If a successor Trustee does not take office within sixty (60) days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, then the retiring Trustee (at the Company’s expense), the Company or the Holders of at least ten percent (10%) in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.
(E) If the Trustee, after written request by a Holder of at least six (6) months, fails to comply with Section 10.09, then such Holder may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee.
(F) A successor Trustee will deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company, upon which notice the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee will become effective and the successor Trustee will have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under the Indenture. The successor Trustee will send notice of its succession to Holders. The retiring Trustee will, upon payment of all amounts due to it under the Indenture, promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee, which property will, for the avoidance of doubt, be subject to the lien provided for in Section 10.06(E).
Section 10.08 SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE BY MERGER, ETC.
If the Trustee consolidates, merges or converts into, sells or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another entity, then such entity will become the successor Trustee without any further act; provided that such entity is otherwise qualified and eligible to act as such under this Article 10.
Section 10.09 ELIGIBILITY; DISQUALIFICATION.
There will at all times be a Trustee under the Indenture that is a corporation eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any state thereof, that is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trustee power, that is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities and that has a combined capital and surplus of at least $100.0 million as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition.
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Article 11. MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.01 NOTICES.
Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other will be deemed to have been duly given if in writing and delivered in person or by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), facsimile transmission, electronic transmission or other similar means of unsecured electronic communication or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, or to the other’s address, which initially is as follows:
If to the Company:
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.
221 Crescent Street, Suite 103A
Waltham, Massachusetts 02453
Telephone: (617) 272-4600
Attention: Chief Legal Officer
with a copy (which will not constitute notice) to:
Ropes & Gray LLP
800 Boylston Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02199
Telephone: (617) 951-7663
Attention: Zachary Blume
If to the Trustee:
U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association
60 Livingston Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55107
EP-MN-S3MC
Telephone: [*** *** ****]
Attention: Brandon Bonfig (Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. Administrator)
E-mail: [***]
with a copy (which will not constitute notice) to:
Shipman & Goodwin LLP
One Constitution Plaza
Hartford, CT 06103
Attention: Nathan Z. Plotkin
E-mail: [email protected]
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding paragraph, notices to the Trustee or any Note Agent must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given upon actual receipt by the Trustee or such Note Agent, as applicable.
The Company or the Trustee, by notice to the other, may designate additional or different addresses (including facsimile numbers and electronic addresses) for subsequent notices or communications.
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The Trustee will not have any duty to confirm that the person sending any notice, instruction or other communication by electronic transmission (including by e-mail, facsimile transmission, web portal or other electronic methods) is, in fact, a person authorized to do so. Electronic signatures believed by the Trustee to comply with the ESIGN Act of 2000 or other applicable law (including electronic images of handwritten signatures and digital signatures provided by DocuSign, Orbit, Adobe Sign or any other digital signature provider acceptable to the Trustee) will be deemed original signatures for all purposes. Any person that uses electronic signatures or electronic methods to send communications to the Trustee assumes all risks arising out of such use, including the risk of the Trustee acting on an unauthorized communication and the risk of interception or misuse by third parties. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this paragraph, the Trustee may, in any instance and in its sole discretion, require that an original document bearing a manual signature be delivered to the Trustee in lieu of, or in addition to, any such electronic communication.
All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) will be deemed to have been duly given: (A) at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; (B) five (5) Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; (C) when receipt is acknowledged, if transmitted by facsimile, electronic transmission or other similar means of unsecured electronic communication; and (D) the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery.
All notices or communications required to be made to a Holder pursuant to the Indenture must be made in writing and will be deemed to be duly sent or given in writing if mailed by first class mail, certified or registered, return receipt requested, or by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to its address shown on the Register; provided, however, that a notice or communication to a Holder of a Global Note will instead be sent pursuant to the Depositary Procedures (in which case, such notice will be deemed to be duly sent or given in writing). The failure to send a notice or communication to a Holder, or any defect in such notice or communication, will not affect its sufficiency with respect to any other Holder.
If the Trustee is then acting as the Depositary’s custodian for the Notes, then, at the reasonable request of the Company to the Trustee, the Trustee will cause any notice prepared by the Company to be sent to any Holder(s) pursuant to the Depositary Procedures, provided such request is evidenced in a Company Order delivered, together with the text of such notice, to the Trustee at least two (2) Business Days before the date such notice is to be so sent. For the avoidance of doubt, such Company Order need not be accompanied by an Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee will not have any liability relating to the contents of any notice that it sends to any Holder pursuant to any such Company Order.
If a notice or communication is mailed or sent in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it will be deemed to have been duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture or the Notes, (A) whenever any provision of the Indenture requires a party to send notice to another party, no such notice need be sent if the sending party and the recipient are the same Person acting in different capacities (and, for purposes of the interpretation of the Indenture, such notice will be deemed to have been duly sent at the time otherwise required by the Indenture); and (B) whenever any provision of the Indenture requires a party to send notice to more than one receiving party, and each receiving party is the same Person acting in different capacities, then only one such notice need be sent to such Person.
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Section 11.02 DELIVERY OF OFFICER’S CERTIFICATE AND OPINION OF COUNSEL AS TO CONDITIONS PRECEDENT.
Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under the Indenture (other than, with respect to clause (B) below, the initial authentication of Notes under the Indenture), the Company will furnish to the Trustee:
(A) an Officer’s Certificate reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee that complies with Section 11.03 and states that, in the opinion of the signatory thereto, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in the Indenture relating to such action have been satisfied; and
(B) an Opinion of Counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee that complies with Section 11.03 and states that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent and covenants, if any, have been satisfied.
Section 11.03 STATEMENTS REQUIRED IN OFFICER’S CERTIFICATE AND OPINION OF COUNSEL.
Each Officer’s Certificate (other than an Officer’s Certificate pursuant to Section 2.03(B)(i) or Section 3.03) or Opinion of Counsel with respect to compliance with a covenant or condition provided for in the Indenture will include:
(A) a statement that the signatory thereto has read such covenant or condition;
(B) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained therein are based;
(C) a statement that, in the opinion of such signatory, he, she or it has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him, her or it to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been satisfied; and
(D) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of such signatory, such covenant or condition has been satisfied.
Section 11.04 RULES BY THE TRUSTEE, THE REGISTRAR, THE PAYING AGENT AND THE CONVERSION AGENT.
The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders. Each of the Registrar, the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.
Section 11.05 NO PERSONAL LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND STOCKHOLDERS.
No past, present or future director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, will have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Indenture or the Notes or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting any Note, each Holder waives and releases all such liability. Such waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Notes.
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Section 11.06 GOVERNING LAW; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.
THE INDENTURE AND THE NOTES, AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATED TO THE INDENTURE OR THE NOTES, WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE INDENTURE, THE NOTES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THE INDENTURE OR THE NOTES.
Section 11.07 SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION.
Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon the Indenture or the transactions contemplated by the Indenture may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York, in each case located in the City of New York (collectively, the “Specified Courts”), and each party irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable statute or rule of court) to such party’s address set forth in Section 11.01 will be effective service of process for any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court. Each of the Company, the Trustee and each Holder (by its acceptance of any Note) irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
Section 11.08 NO ADVERSE INTERPRETATION OF OTHER AGREEMENTS.
Neither the Indenture nor the Notes may be used to interpret any other indenture, note, loan or debt agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries or of any other Person, and no such indenture, note, loan or debt agreement may be used to interpret the Indenture or the Notes.
Section 11.09 SUCCESSORS.
All agreements of the Company in the Indenture and the Notes will bind its successors. All agreements of the Trustee in the Indenture will bind its successors.
Section 11.10 FORCE MAJEURE.
The Trustee and each Note Agent will not incur any liability for not performing any act or fulfilling any duty, obligation or responsibility under the Indenture or the Notes by reason of any occurrence beyond its control (including any act or provision of any present or future law or regulation or governmental authority, act of God or war, civil unrest, local or national disturbance or disaster, act of terrorism or unavailability of the Federal Reserve Bank wire or facsimile or other wire or communication facility).
Section 11.11 U.S.A. PATRIOT ACT.
The Company acknowledges that, in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions, in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The Company agrees to provide the Trustee with such information as it may request to enable the Trustee to comply with the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act.
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Section 11.12 CALCULATIONS.
Except as otherwise provided in the Indenture, the Company will be responsible for making all calculations called for under the Indenture or the Notes, including determinations of the Last Reported Sale Price, the Daily Conversion Value, the Daily Cash Amount, the Daily Share Amount, the Daily VWAP, the Trading Price, accrued interest on the Notes, including any Special Interest, the Redemption Price, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price and the Conversion Rate (including adjustments to the Conversion Rate).
The Company will make all calculations in good faith, and, absent manifest error, its calculations will be final and binding on all Holders. The Company will provide a schedule of its calculations to the Trustee and the Conversion Agent, and each of the Trustee and the Conversion Agent may rely conclusively on the accuracy of the Company’s calculations without independent verification. The Trustee will promptly forward a copy of each such schedule to a Holder upon its written request therefor. For the avoidance of doubt, the Trustee will not be obligated to make or confirm any calculations or other amounts called for under the Indenture or the Notes.
Section 11.13 SEVERABILITY.
If any provision of the Indenture or the Notes is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, then the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of the Indenture or the Notes will not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
Section 11.14 COUNTERPARTS.
The parties may sign any number of copies of this Supplemental Indenture. Each signed copy will be an original, and all of them together represent the same agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of this Supplemental Indenture by facsimile, electronically in portable document format or in any other format will be effective as delivery of a manually or electronically executed counterpart.
Section 11.15 TABLE OF CONTENTS, HEADINGS, ETC.
The table of contents and the headings of the Articles and Sections of this Supplemental Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part of the Indenture and will in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions of the Indenture.
Section 11.16 WITHHOLDING TAXES.
Each Holder of a Note agrees, and each beneficial owner of an interest in a Note, by its acquisition of such interest, is deemed to agree, that if the Company or other applicable withholding agent pays withholding taxes or backup withholding on behalf of such Holder or beneficial owner as a result of an adjustment or the non-occurrence of an adjustment to the Conversion Rate, then the Company or such withholding agent, as applicable, may, at its option, set off such payments against payments of cash or the delivery of other Conversion Consideration on such Note, any payments on the Common Stock or sales proceeds received by, or other funds or assets of, such Holder or the beneficial owner of such Note.
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Section 11.17 TRUST INDENTURE ACT CONTROLS.
If any provision of the Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision that is required or deemed to be included in the Indenture by the Trust Indenture Act, such required or deemed provision of the Trust Indenture Act will control.
[The Remainder of This Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Page Follows]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties to this Supplemental Indenture have caused this Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed as of the date first written above.
| VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Seth Harmon | |
| Name: Seth Harmon | ||
| Title: Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ||
[Signature Page to First Supplemental Indenture]
| U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS TRUSTEE | ||
| By: | /s/ Brandon Bonfig | |
| Name: Brandon Bonfig | ||
| Title: Vice President | ||
[Signature Page to First Supplemental Indenture]
EXHIBIT A
FORM OF NOTE
[Insert Global Note Legend, if applicable]
[Insert Non-Affiliate Legend]
A-1
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.
1.75% Convertible Senior Note due 2032
| CUSIP No.: [___] | Certificate No. [___] | |
| ISIN No.: [___] |
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation, for value received, promises to pay to [Cede & Co.], or its registered assigns, the principal sum of [___] dollars ($[___]) [(as revised by the attached Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note)]** on May 15, 2032 and to pay interest thereon, as provided in the Indenture referred to below, until the principal and all accrued and unpaid interest are paid or duly provided for.
Interest Payment Dates: May 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on [date].
Regular Record Dates: May 1 and November 1.
Additional provisions of this Note are set forth on the other side of this Note.
[The Remainder of This Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Page Follows]
| ** | Insert bracketed language for Global Notes only. |
A-1
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. has caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the date set forth below.
| VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||||||||
| Date: |
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By: |
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| Name: | ||||||||
| Title: | ||||||||
A-2
TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee, certifies that this is one of the Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.
| Date: |
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By: |
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| Authorized Signatory |
A-3
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.
1.75% Convertible Senior Note due 2032
This Note is one of a duly authorized issue of notes of Viridian Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), designated as its 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 (the “Notes”), all issued or to be issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Base Indenture”), dated as of May 11, 2026, and a first supplemental indenture (as the same may be amended from time to time, the “Supplemental Indenture,” and the Base Indenture, as amended and supplemented by the Supplemental Indenture, and as the same may be further amended or supplemented from time to time with respect to the Notes, the “Indenture”), dated as of May 11, 2026, each between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee. Capitalized terms used in this Note without definition have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Indenture.
The Indenture sets forth the rights and obligations of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders and the terms of the Notes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Note, to the extent that any provision of this Note conflicts with the provisions of the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture will control.
1. Interest. This Note will accrue interest at a rate and in the manner set forth in Section 2.05 of the Supplemental Indenture. Stated Interest on this Note will begin to accrue from, and including, [date].
2. Maturity. This Note will mature on May 15, 2032, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or Converted.
3. Method of Payment. Cash amounts due on this Note will be paid in the manner set forth in Section 2.04 of the Supplemental Indenture.
4. Persons Deemed Owners. The Holder of this Note will be treated as the owner of this Note for all purposes.
5. Denominations; Transfers and Exchanges. All Notes will be in registered form, without coupons, in principal amounts equal to any Authorized Denominations. Subject to the terms of the Indenture, the Holder of this Note may transfer or exchange this Note by presenting it to the Registrar and delivering any required documentation or other materials.
6. Right of Holders to Require the Company to Repurchase Notes Upon a Fundamental Change. If a Fundamental Change (other than an Exempted Fundamental Change) occurs, then each Holder will have the right to require the Company to repurchase such Holder’s Notes (or any portion thereof in an Authorized Denomination) for cash in the manner, and subject to the terms, set forth in Section 4.02 of the Supplemental Indenture.
7. Right of the Company to Redeem the Notes. The Company will have the right to redeem the Notes for cash in the manner, and subject to the terms, set forth in Section 4.03 of the Supplemental Indenture.
8. Conversion. The Holder of this Note may Convert this Note into Conversion Consideration in the manner, and subject to the terms, set forth in Article 5 of the Supplemental Indenture.
9. When the Company May Merge, Etc. Article 6 of the Supplemental Indenture places limited restrictions on the Company’s ability to be a party to a Business Combination Event.
A-4
10. Defaults and Remedies. If an Event of Default occurs, then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the Notes then outstanding may (and, in certain circumstances, will automatically) become due and payable in the manner, and subject to the terms, set forth in Article 7 of the Supplemental Indenture.
11. Amendments, Supplements and Waivers. The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement the Indenture or the Notes or waive compliance with any provision of the Indenture or the Notes in the manner, and subject to the terms, set forth in Article 8 of the Supplemental Indenture.
12. No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders. No past, present or future director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, will have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Indenture or the Notes or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting any Note, each Holder waives and releases all such liability. Such waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Notes.
13. Authentication. No Note will be valid until it is authenticated by the Trustee. A Note will be deemed to be duly authenticated only when an authorized signatory of the Trustee (or a duly appointed authenticating agent) manually signs the certificate of authentication of such Note.
14. Abbreviations. Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder or its assignee, such as TEN COM (tenants in common), TEN ENT (tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (custodian), and U/G/M/A (Uniform Gift to Minors Act).
15. Governing Law. THIS NOTE, AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATED TO THIS NOTE, WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
* * *
To request a copy of the Indenture, which the Company will provide to any Holder at no charge, please send a written request to the following address:
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.
221 Crescent Street, Suite 103A
Waltham, MA 02453
Attention: Chief Legal Officer
A-5
SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF INTERESTS IN THE GLOBAL NOTE*
INITIAL PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS GLOBAL NOTE: $[___]
The following exchanges, transfers or cancellations of this Global Note have been made:
| Date |
Amount of Increase (Decrease) in Principal Amount of this Global Note |
Principal Amount of this Global Note After Such Increase (Decrease) |
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| * | Insert for Global Notes only. |
A-6
CONVERSION NOTICE
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.
1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032
Subject to the terms of the Indenture, by executing and delivering this Conversion Notice, the undersigned Holder of the Note identified below directs the Company to Convert (check one):
| ☐ | the entire principal amount of |
| ☐ | $________ * aggregate principal amount of |
the Note identified by CUSIP No. and Certificate No.
The undersigned acknowledges that if the Conversion Date of a Note to be Converted is after a Regular Record Date and before the next Interest Payment Date, then such Note, when surrendered for Conversion, must, in certain circumstances, be accompanied with an amount of cash equal to the interest that would have accrued on such Note to, but excluding, such Interest Payment Date.
| Date: |
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| (Legal Name of Holder) |
| By: |
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| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Signature Guaranteed: | ||
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| Participant in a Recognized Signature | ||
| Guarantee Medallion Program | ||
| By: |
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| Authorized Signatory | ||
| * | Must be an Authorized Denomination. |
A-7
FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE REPURCHASE NOTICE
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.
1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032
Subject to the terms of the Indenture, by executing and delivering this Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice, the undersigned Holder of the Note identified below is exercising its Fundamental Change Repurchase Right with respect to (check one):
| ☐ | the entire principal amount of |
| ☐ | $________ * aggregate principal amount of |
the Note identified by CUSIP No. and Certificate No.
| Date: |
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| (Legal Name of Holder) |
| By: |
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| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Signature Guaranteed: | ||
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| Participant in a Recognized Signature | ||
| Guarantee Medallion Program | ||
| By: |
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| Authorized Signatory | ||
| * | Must be an Authorized Denomination. |
A-8
ASSIGNMENT FORM
VIRIDIAN THERAPEUTICS, INC.
1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032
Subject to the terms of the Indenture, the undersigned Holder of the Note identified below assigns (check one):
| ☐ | the entire principal amount of |
| ☐ | $________ * aggregate principal amount of |
the Note identified by CUSIP No. and Certificate No. , and all rights thereunder, to:
| Name: |
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| Address: |
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| Social security or tax id. #: |
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| and irrevocably appoints: |
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as agent to transfer the within Note on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him/her.
| Date: |
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| (Legal Name of Holder) |
| By: |
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| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Signature Guaranteed: | ||
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| Participant in a Recognized Signature | ||
| Guarantee Medallion Program | ||
| By: |
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| Authorized Signatory | ||
| * | Must be an Authorized Denomination. |
A-9
EXHIBIT B-1
FORM OF GLOBAL NOTE LEGEND
THIS IS A GLOBAL NOTE WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, WHICH MAY BE TREATED BY THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND ANY AGENT THEREOF AS THE OWNER AND HOLDER OF THIS NOTE FOR ALL PURPOSES.
UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (“DTC”) TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT HEREON IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL SINCE THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.
TRANSFERS OF THIS GLOBAL NOTE WILL BE LIMITED TO TRANSFERS IN WHOLE, BUT NOT IN PART, TO NOMINEES OF DTC, OR TO A SUCCESSOR THEREOF OR SUCH SUCCESSOR’S NOMINEE, AND TRANSFERS OF PORTIONS OF THIS GLOBAL NOTE WILL BE LIMITED TO TRANSFERS MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RESTRICTIONS SET FORTH IN ARTICLE 2 OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO.
B1-1
EXHIBIT B-2
FORM OF NON-AFFILIATE LEGEND
NO AFFILIATE (AS DEFINED IN RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED) OF THE COMPANY OR PERSON OR ENTITY THAT WAS AN AFFILIATE (AS DEFINED UNDER RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED) OF THE COMPANY WITHIN THE THREE MONTHS IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING, MAY PURCHASE OR OTHERWISE ACQUIRE THIS NOTE OR ANY BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN.
B2-1
Exhibit 5.1
|
ROPES & GRAY LLP PRUDENTIAL TOWER 800 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MA 02199-3600 WWW.ROPESGRAY.COM |
May 11, 2026
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.
221 Crescent Street, Suite 103A
Waltham, MA 02453
| Re: | Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-290056) |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Viridian Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with issuance and sale of up to 8,455,883 shares of the common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Shares”) of the Company pursuant to the above-referenced registration statement (as amended through the date hereof, the “Registration Statement”), filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Shares are being sold pursuant to an underwriting agreement, dated May 6, 2026 (the “Underwriting Agreement”), among the Company and the underwriters named therein.
In connection with this opinion letter, we have examined such certificates, documents and records and have made such investigation of fact and such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate in order to enable us to render the opinions set forth herein. In conducting such investigation, we have relied, without independent verification, upon certificates of officers of the Company, public officials and other appropriate persons.
The opinions expressed below are limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Based upon and subject to the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement against payment of the consideration set forth therein, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
| Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. | - 2 - |
We hereby consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name therein and in the related prospectus under the caption “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
| Very truly yours, |
| /s/ Ropes & Gray LLP |
| Ropes & Gray LLP |
Exhibit 5.2
|
ROPES & GRAY LLP PRUDENTIAL TOWER 800 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MA 02199-3600 WWW.ROPESGRAY.COM
|
May 11, 2026
Viridian Therapeutics, Inc.
221 Crescent Street, Suite 103A
Waltham, MA 02453
Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-290056)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Viridian Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the issuance and sale of $250,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 1.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 (the “Notes”) and shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, issuable upon conversion of the Notes (the “Shares”) pursuant to the above-referenced registration statement (as amended through the date hereof, the “Registration Statement”), filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Notes are being issued under an Indenture dated May 11, 2026 (the “Base Indenture”), as supplemented by a First Supplemental Indenture dated May 11, 2026 (the “First Supplemental Indenture” and, together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”), by and between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee.
In connection with this opinion letter, we have examined the Registration Statement and the Indenture. We have also examined such certificates, documents and records and have made such investigation of fact and such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate in order to enable us to render the opinions set forth herein. In conducting such investigation, we have relied, without independent verification, upon certificates of officers of the Company, public officials and other appropriate persons.
The opinions expressed herein are limited to matters governed by the laws of the State of New York and the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Based upon and subject to the foregoing and the qualifications and limitations set forth below, we are of the opinion that:
1. When the Notes have been duly executed and authenticated in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and have been delivered against receipt of payment therefor, the Notes will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
| Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. | - 2 - |
2. When issued upon conversion of the Notes as provided in the Indenture and assuming a sufficient number of Shares are at the time available for issuance, the Shares will have been duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
Our opinions set forth above are subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance and similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally and (ii) general principles of equity. Our opinions are also subject to the qualification that the enforceability of provisions in the Indenture providing for indemnification or contribution, broadly worded waivers, waivers of rights to damages or defenses, waivers of unknown or future claims, and waivers of statutory, regulatory or constitutional rights may be limited on public policy or statutory grounds.
We hereby consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name therein and in the related prospectus under the caption “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
| Very truly yours, |
| /s/ Ropes & Gray LLP |
| Ropes & Gray LLP |