8-K - CAT - Equibles

UNITED STATES <br>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION <br>Washington, D.C. 20549
		FORM	8-K
Current Report
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):				August 5, 2025
CATERPILLAR INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware	1-768				37-0602744
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)	(Commission File Number)				(I.R.S Employer Identification No.)	5205 N. O'Connor Blvd.,	Suite 100,	Irving,	Texas	75039
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	(Address of principal executive offices)				(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:			(972)	891-7700
Former name or former address, if changed since last report:				N/A
	Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
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	Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
	Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
	Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class		Trading Symbol (s)	Name of each exchange which registered
Common Stock (1.00 par value)		CAT	The New York Stock Exchange
5.3% Debentures due September 15, 2035		CAT35	The New York Stock Exchange
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act of
1933 (17 CFR §230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR §240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company				☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period
for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.				☐

All values are in US Dollars.

Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On August 5, 2025, Caterpillar Inc. issued a press release reporting its financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2025. A copy of the press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated into this Item 2.02 by reference.

Item 7.01. Regulation FD Disclosure.

Caterpillar Inc. is furnishing supplemental information concerning (i) retail sales of machines to end users and (ii) retail sales of power systems (including reciprocating and turbine engines and locomotives) to end users and Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs"). This supplemental information is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.2 and incorporated into this Item 7.01 by reference.

The information in this Current Report on Form 8-K, including Exhibit 99.1, is being furnished in accordance with the provisions of General Instruction B.2 of Form 8-K.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d)	Exhibits:
	The following is furnished as an exhibit to this report:
	99.1	Caterpillar Inc. press release dated August 5, 2025
	99.2	Retail Statistics
	104	The cover page from this Current Report on Form 8-K, formatted in Inline XBRL.
SIGNATURES
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
	CATERPILLAR INC.
August 5, 2025	By:	/s/ Derek Owens
		Derek Owens<br>Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel

Document

Exhibit 99.1

Caterpillar Inc.

2Q 2025 Earnings Release

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Caterpillar Reports Second-Quarter 2025 Results

	Second Quarter
($ in billions except profit per share)	2025	2024
Sales and Revenues	$16.6	$16.7
Profit Per Share	$4.62	$5.48
Adjusted Profit Per Share	$4.72	$5.99
Please see a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures in the appendix on pages 13 and 14.
●	Second-quarter 2025 profit per share of $4.62; adjusted profit per share of $4.72
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●	Enterprise operating cash flow was $3.1 billion in the second quarter of 2025
●	Deployed $1.5 billion of cash for share repurchases and dividends in the second quarter

IRVING, Texas, Aug. 5, 2025 – Caterpillar Inc. (NYSE: CAT) announced second-quarter 2025 results.

“The Caterpillar team remained focused on customer success and demonstrated solid operational performance this quarter,” said CEO Joe Creed. “We continued to see strong orders across our segments as demand remains resilient supported by infrastructure spending and growing energy needs.”

Sales and revenues for the second quarter of 2025 were $16.6 billion, a 1% decrease compared with $16.7 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to unfavorable price realization of $414 million, partially offset by higher sales volume of $237 million. Higher sales volume was mainly driven by higher sales of equipment to end users.

Operating profit margin was 17.3% for the second quarter of 2025, compared with 20.9% for the second quarter of 2024. Adjusted operating profit margin was 17.6% for the second quarter of 2025, compared with 22.4% for the second quarter of 2024. Second-quarter 2025 profit per share was $4.62, compared with second-quarter 2024 profit per share of $5.48. Adjusted profit per share in the second quarter of 2025 was $4.72, compared with second-quarter 2024 adjusted profit per share of $5.99. For the second quarter of 2025 and 2024, adjusted operating profit margin and adjusted profit per share excluded restructuring costs.

For the second quarter of 2025, enterprise operating cash flow was $3.1 billion, and the company ended the second quarter with $5.4 billion of enterprise cash. In the quarter, the company deployed $0.8 billion of cash for repurchases of Caterpillar common stock and $0.7 billion of cash for dividends.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

Consolidated Sales and Revenues

The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in consolidated sales and revenues between the second quarter of 2024 (at left) and the second quarter of 2025 (at right). Caterpillar management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate with the company’s board of directors and employees.

Total sales and revenues for the second quarter of 2025 were $16.569 billion, a decrease of $120 million, or 1%, compared with $16.689 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to unfavorable price realization of $414 million, partially offset by higher sales volume of $237 million and higher Financial Products' revenues of $46 million. Higher sales volume was mainly driven by higher sales of equipment to end users.

In the three primary segments, sales were higher in Energy & Transportation and lower in Construction Industries and Resource Industries.

Sales and Revenues by Segment
(Millions of dollars)	Second Quarter 2024		Sales<br>Volume		Price<br>Realization		Currency		Inter-Segment / Other		Second Quarter 2025		Change	%<br>Change
Construction Industries	$	6,683	$	(83)	$	(459)	$	9	$	40	$	6,190		(7%)
Resource Industries	3,206		(13)		(94)		(11)		(1)		3,087		(119)	(4%)
Energy & Transportation	7,337		326		139		15		19		7,836		499	7%
All Other Segment	108		5		(1)		—		(8)		104		(4)	(4%)
Corporate Items and Eliminations	(1,494)		2		1		(2)		(50)		(1,543)		(49)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	15,840		237		(414)		11		—		15,674		(166)	(1%)
Financial Products Segment	1,004		—		—		—		38		1,042		38	4%
Corporate Items and Eliminations	(155)		—		—		—		8		(147)		8
Financial Products Revenues	849		—		—		—		46		895		46	5%
Consolidated Sales and Revenues	$	16,689	$	237	$	(414)	$	11	$	46	$	16,569		(1%)

All values are in US Dollars.

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Sales and Revenues by Geographic Region
	North America		Latin America		EAME		Asia/Pacific		External Sales and Revenues		Inter-Segment		Total Sales and Revenues
(Millions of dollars)		% Chg		% Chg		% Chg		% Chg		% Chg		% Chg		% Chg
Second Quarter 2025
Construction Industries		(15%)		(20%)		13%		6%		(8%)		148%		(7%)
Resource Industries	1,111	(8%)	541	3%	501	13%	851	(10%)	3,004	(4%)	83	(1%)	3,087	(4%)
Energy & Transportation	3,776	14%	493	12%	1,386	(2%)	905	(1%)	6,560	8%	1,276	2%	7,836	7%
All Other Segment	13	—%	—	—%	3	(25%)	17	42%	33	14%	71	(10%)	104	(4%)
Corporate Items and Eliminations	(33)		(3)		(3)		(7)		(46)		(1,497)		(1,543)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	8,236	(3%)	1,571	(4%)	3,072	6%	2,795	(2%)	15,674	(1%)	—	—%	15,674	(1%)
Financial Products Segment	703	5%	105	4%	126	2%	108	(3%)	1,042	4%	—	—%	1,042	4%
Corporate Items and Eliminations	(88)		(20)		(18)		(21)		(147)		—		(147)
Financial Products Revenues	615	6%	85	6%	108	4%	87	1%	895	5%	—	—%	895	5%
Consolidated Sales and Revenues		(2%)		(4%)		6%		(2%)		(1%)		—%		(1%)
Second Quarter 2024
Construction Industries
Resource Industries	1,206		524		442		950		3,122		84		3,206
Energy & Transportation	3,308		439		1,421		912		6,080		1,257		7,337
All Other Segment	13		—		4		12		29		79		108
Corporate Items and Eliminations	(20)		(1)		(21)		(5)		(47)		(1,447)		(1,494)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	8,464		1,639		2,893		2,844		15,840		—		15,840
Financial Products Segment	668		101		124		111		1,004		—		1,004
Corporate Items and Eliminations	(89)		(21)		(20)		(25)		(155)		—		(155)
Financial Products Revenues	579		80		104		86		849		—		849
Consolidated Sales and Revenues

All values are in US Dollars.

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Consolidated Operating Profit

The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in consolidated operating profit between the second quarter of 2024 (at left) and the second quarter of 2025 (at right). Caterpillar management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate with the company’s board of directors and employees. The bar titled Other includes consolidating adjustments and Machinery, Energy & Transportation’s other operating (income) expenses.

Operating profit for the second quarter of 2025 was $2.860 billion, a decrease of $622 million, or 18%, compared with $3.482 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease was mainly due to unfavorable manufacturing costs. Unfavorable manufacturing costs largely reflected the impact of higher tariffs.

Profit (Loss) by Segment
(Millions of dollars)	Second Quarter 2025		Second Quarter 2024		Change	%<br><br>Change
Construction Industries	$	1,244	$	1,741		(29	%)
Resource Industries	537		718		(181)	(25	%)
Energy & Transportation	1,585		1,525		60	4	%
All Other Segment	(5)		21		(26)	(124	%)
Corporate Items and Eliminations	(566)		(344)		(222)
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	2,795		3,661		(866)	(24	%)
Financial Products Segment	248		227		21	9	%
Corporate Items and Eliminations	(36)		(243)		207
Financial Products	212		(16)		228	1,425	%
Consolidating Adjustments	(147)		(163)		16
Consolidated Operating Profit	$	2,860	$	3,482		(18	%)

All values are in US Dollars.

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Other Profit/Loss and Tax Items

•Other income (expense) in the second quarter of 2025 was income of $84 million, compared with income of $155 million in the second quarter of 2024. The change was primarily driven by unfavorable foreign currency impacts, partially offset by favorable impacts from total return swap contracts.

•The effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2025 was 23.0% compared to 23.9% for the second quarter of 2024. Excluding discrete items, the second-quarter 2025 estimated annual effective tax rate was 23.0% compared with 22.5% for the second quarter of 2024. The estimated annual effective tax rate in the second quarter of 2024 excluded the impact of second-quarter losses of $228 million for the divestiture of two non-U.S. entities with no related tax benefit.

Please see a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures in the appendix on pages 13 and 14.

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CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES
(Millions of dollars)
Segment Sales
	Second Quarter 2024			Sales Volume			Price Realization		Currency			Inter-Segment		Second Quarter 2025		Change	%<br> Change
Total Sales	$	6,683		$	(83)				$	9		$	40	$	6,190		(7	%)
Sales by Geographic Region
	Second Quarter 2025			Second Quarter 2024			Change		%<br>Change
North America	$	3,369		$	3,957				(15		%)
Latin America	540			677			(137)		(20		%)
EAME	1,185			1,047			138		13		%
Asia/Pacific	1,029			975			54		6		%
External Sales	6,123			6,656			(533)		(8		%)
Inter-segment	67			27			40		148		%
Total Sales	$	6,190		$	6,683				(7		%)
Segment Profit
	Second Quarter 2025			Second Quarter 2024			Change		%<br>Change
Segment Profit	$	1,244		$	1,741				(29		%)
Segment Profit Margin	20.1		%	26.1		%	(6.0	pts)

All values are in US Dollars.

Construction Industries’ total sales were $6.190 billion in the second quarter of 2025, a decrease of $493 million, or 7%, compared with $6.683 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to unfavorable price realization. Sales volume was also lower, primarily driven by the impact from changes in dealer inventories. Dealer inventory decreased during the second quarter of 2025, while remaining about flat during the second quarter of 2024.

•In North America, sales decreased due to unfavorable price realization and lower sales volume. Lower sales volume was mainly driven by the impact from changes in dealer inventories. Dealer inventory decreased during the second quarter of 2025, compared with an increase during the second quarter of 2024.

•Sales decreased in Latin America primarily due to lower sales volume and unfavorable currency impacts primarily related to the Brazilian real. Lower sales volume was mainly driven by the impact from changes in dealer inventories. Dealer inventory decreased during the second quarter of 2025, compared with an increase during the second quarter of 2024.

•In EAME, sales increased due to higher sales volume and favorable currency impacts primarily related to the euro, partially offset by unfavorable price realization. Higher sales volume was mainly driven by the impact from changes in dealer inventories. Dealer inventory increased during the second quarter of 2025, compared with a decrease during the second quarter of 2024.

•Sales increased in Asia/Pacific due to higher sales volume, partially offset by unfavorable price realization. Higher sales volume was mainly driven by the impact from changes in dealer inventories. Dealer inventory increased during the second quarter of 2025, compared with a decrease during the second quarter of 2024.

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Construction Industries’ segment profit was $1.244 billion in the second quarter of 2025, a decrease of $497 million, or 29%, compared with $1.741 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease was mainly due to unfavorable price realization. In addition, tariffs were also higher.

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RESOURCE INDUSTRIES
(Millions of dollars)
Segment Sales
	Second Quarter 2024			Sales Volume			Price Realization		Currency			Inter-Segment		Second Quarter 2025		Change	%<br> Change
Total Sales	$	3,206		$	(13)				$	(11)		$	(1)	$	3,087		(4	%)
Sales by Geographic Region
	Second Quarter 2025			Second Quarter 2024			Change		%<br>Change
North America	$	1,111		$	1,206				(8		%)
Latin America	541			524			17		3		%
EAME	501			442			59		13		%
Asia/Pacific	851			950			(99)		(10		%)
External Sales	3,004			3,122			(118)		(4		%)
Inter-segment	83			84			(1)		(1		%)
Total Sales	$	3,087		$	3,206				(4		%)
Segment Profit
	Second Quarter 2025			Second Quarter 2024			Change		%<br>Change
Segment Profit	$	537		$	718				(25		%)
Segment Profit Margin	17.4		%	22.4		%	(5.0	pts)

All values are in US Dollars.

Resource Industries’ total sales were $3.087 billion in the second quarter of 2025, a decrease of $119 million, or 4%, compared with $3.206 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to unfavorable price realization.

Resource Industries’ segment profit was $537 million in the second quarter of 2025, a decrease of $181 million, or 25%, compared with $718 million in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease was mainly due to unfavorable price realization of $94 million, unfavorable manufacturing costs of $44 million and the profit impact of lower sales volume of $31 million, including an unfavorable mix of products. Unfavorable manufacturing costs largely reflected the impact of higher tariffs.

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ENERGY & TRANSPORTATION
(Millions of dollars)
Segment Sales
	Second Quarter 2024			Sales Volume			Price Realization		Currency			Inter-Segment		Second Quarter 2025		Change	%<br> Change
Total Sales	$	7,337		$	326				$	15		$	19	$	7,836		7	%
Sales by Application
	Second Quarter 2025			Second Quarter 2024			Change		%<br>Change
Oil and Gas	$	1,867		$	1,829				2		%
Power Generation	2,407			1,885			522		28		%
Industrial	1,060			1,045			15		1		%
Transportation	1,226			1,321			(95)		(7		%)
External Sales	6,560			6,080			480		8		%
Inter-segment	1,276			1,257			19		2		%
Total Sales	$	7,836		$	7,337				7		%
Segment Profit
	Second Quarter 2025			Second Quarter 2024			Change		%<br>Change
Segment Profit	$	1,585		$	1,525				4		%
Segment Profit Margin	20.2		%	20.8		%	(0.6	pts)

All values are in US Dollars.

Energy & Transportation’s total sales were $7.836 billion in the second quarter of 2025, an increase of $499 million, or 7%, compared with $7.337 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The increase was due to higher sales volume of $326 million and favorable price realization of $139 million.

•Oil and Gas – Sales increased for turbines and turbine-related services. The increase was partially offset by lower sales of reciprocating engines, primarily engines used in gas compression applications.

•Power Generation – Sales increased in large reciprocating engines, primarily data center applications.

•Industrial – Sales increased in EAME, partially offset by decreased sales in North America and Latin America.

•Transportation – Sales decreased in marine. International locomotive deliveries were also lower.

Energy & Transportation’s segment profit was $1.585 billion in the second quarter of 2025, an increase of $60 million, or 4%, compared with $1.525 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The increase was primarily due to favorable price realization of $139 million and the profit impact of higher sales volume of $63 million, partially offset by unfavorable manufacturing costs of $154 million. Unfavorable manufacturing costs largely reflected the impact of higher tariffs.

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FINANCIAL PRODUCTS SEGMENT
(Millions of dollars)
Revenues by Geographic Region
	Second Quarter 2025		Second Quarter 2024		Change	%<br>Change
North America	$	703	$	668		5	%
Latin America	105		101		4	4	%
EAME	126		124		2	2	%
Asia/Pacific	108		111		(3)	(3	%)
Total Revenues	$	1,042	$	1,004		4	%
Segment Profit
	Second Quarter 2025		Second Quarter 2024		Change	%<br>Change
Segment Profit	$	248	$	227		9	%

All values are in US Dollars.

Financial Products’ segment revenues were $1.042 billion in the second quarter of 2025, an increase of $38 million, or 4%, compared with $1.004 billion in the second quarter of 2024. The increase was primarily due to a favorable impact from higher average earning assets of $49 million driven by North America and higher revenues from Insurance Services of $5 million, partially offset by an unfavorable impact from lower average financing rates of $20 million mainly in North America.

Financial Products’ segment profit was $248 million in the second quarter of 2025, an increase of $21 million, or 9%, compared with $227 million in the second quarter of 2024. The increase was mainly due to a favorable impact from equity securities of $28 million and a favorable impact from higher average earning assets of $20 million, partially offset by higher provision for credit losses at Cat Financial of $13 million and an unfavorable impact from lower net yield on average earning assets of $10 million.

At the end of the second quarter of 2025, past dues at Cat Financial were 1.62%, compared with 1.74% at the end of the second quarter of 2024. Write-offs, net of recoveries, were $18 million for both the second quarter of 2025 and the second quarter of 2024. As of June 30, 2025, Cat Financial's allowance for credit losses totaled $290 million, or 0.94% of finance receivables, compared with $282 million, or 0.95% of finance receivables at March 31, 2025. The allowance for credit losses at year-end 2024 was $267 million, or 0.91% of finance receivables.

Corporate Items and Eliminations

Expense for corporate items and eliminations was $602 million in the second quarter of 2025, an increase of $15 million from the second quarter of 2024. Lower restructuring costs, primarily due to the absence of the divestiture of two non-U.S. entities in 2024, and lower corporate costs, were more than offset by increased expenses due to timing differences, an unfavorable change in fair value adjustments related to deferred compensation plans and unfavorable impacts of segment reporting methodology differences.

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Notes

i.Glossary of terms is included on the Caterpillar website at https://investors.caterpillar.com/overview/default.aspx.

ii.Sales of equipment to end users is demonstrated by the company’s Rolling 3 Month Retail Sales Statistics filed in a Form 8-K on Tuesday, Aug. 5, 2025.

iii.Information on non-GAAP financial measures is included in the appendix on pages 13 and 14.

iv.Some amounts within this report are rounded to the millions or billions and may not add.

v.Caterpillar will conduct a teleconference and live webcast, with a slide presentation, beginning at 7:30 a.m. Central Time on Tuesday, Aug. 5, 2025, to discuss its 2025 second-quarter results. The accompanying slides will be available before the webcast on the Caterpillar website at https://investors.caterpillar.com/events-presentations/default.aspx.

About Caterpillar

With 2024 sales and revenues of $64.8 billion, Caterpillar Inc. is the world’s leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, off-highway diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives. For 100 years, we’ve been helping customers build a better, more sustainable world and are committed and contributing to a reduced-carbon future. Our innovative products and services, backed by our global dealer network, provide exceptional value that helps customers succeed. Caterpillar does business on every continent, principally operating through three primary segments – Construction Industries, Resource Industries and Energy & Transportation – and providing financing and related services through our Financial Products segment. Visit us at caterpillar.com or join the conversation on our social media channels at caterpillar.com/en/news/social-media.html.

Caterpillar’s latest financial results are also available online:

https://investors.caterpillar.com/overview/default.aspx

https://investors.caterpillar.com/financials/quarterly-results/default.aspx (live broadcast/replays of quarterly conference call)

Caterpillar investor relations contact: Alex Kapper, +1 773-250-2227 or Kapper_Alex@cat.com

Caterpillar media contact: Tiffany Heikkila, +1 832-573-0958 or Tiffany.Heikkila@cat.com

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Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this press release relate to future events and expectations and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “believe,” “estimate,” “will be,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “forecast,” “target,” “guide,” “project,” “intend,” “could,” “should” or other similar words or expressions often identify forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements regarding our outlook, projections, forecasts or trend descriptions. These statements do not guarantee future performance and speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements.

Caterpillar’s actual results may differ materially from those described or implied in our forward-looking statements based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: (i) global and regional economic conditions and economic conditions in the industries we serve; (ii) commodity price changes, material price increases, fluctuations in demand for our products or significant shortages of material; (iii) government monetary or fiscal policies; (iv) political and economic risks, commercial instability and events beyond our control in the countries in which we operate; (v) international trade policies and their impact on demand for our products and our competitive position, including the imposition of new tariffs or changes in existing tariff rates; (vi) our ability to develop, produce and market quality products that meet our customers’ needs; (vii) the impact of the highly competitive environment in which we operate on our sales and pricing; (viii) information technology security threats and computer crime; (ix) inventory management decisions and sourcing practices of our dealers and our OEM customers; (x) a failure to realize, or a delay in realizing, all of the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions, joint ventures or divestitures; (xi) union disputes or other employee relations issues; (xii) adverse effects of unexpected events; (xiii) disruptions or volatility in global financial markets limiting our sources of liquidity or the liquidity of our customers, dealers and suppliers; (xiv) failure to maintain our credit ratings and potential resulting increases to our cost of borrowing and adverse effects on our cost of funds, liquidity, competitive position and access to capital markets; (xv) our Financial Products segment’s risks associated with the financial services industry; (xvi) changes in interest rates or market liquidity conditions; (xvii) an increase in delinquencies, repossessions or net losses of Cat Financial’s customers; (xviii) currency fluctuations; (xix) our or Cat Financial’s compliance with financial and other restrictive covenants in debt agreements; (xx) increased pension plan funding obligations; (xxi) alleged or actual violations of trade or anti-corruption laws and regulations; (xxii) additional tax expense or exposure, including the impact of U.S. tax reform; (xxiii) significant legal proceedings, claims, lawsuits or government investigations; (xxiv) new regulations or changes in financial services regulations; (xxv) compliance with environmental laws and regulations; (xxvi) catastrophic events, including global pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic; and (xxvii) other factors described in more detail in Caterpillar’s Forms 10-Q, 10-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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APPENDIX

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The following definitions are provided for the non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures have no standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. GAAP and therefore are unlikely to be comparable to the calculation of similar measures for other companies. Management does not intend these items to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related GAAP measures.

The company believes it is important to separately quantify the profit impact of two significant items in order for the company’s results to be meaningful to readers. These items consist of (i) other restructuring income/costs and (ii) restructuring costs related to the divestiture of two non-U.S. entities in 2024. The company does not consider these items indicative of earnings from ongoing business activities and believes the non-GAAP measure provides investors with useful perspective on underlying business results and trends and aids with assessing the company’s period-over-period results. The company intends to discuss adjusted profit per share for the fourth quarter and full-year 2025, excluding mark-to-market gains or losses for remeasurement of pension and other postemployment benefit plans.

Reconciliations of adjusted results to the most directly comparable GAAP measure are as follows:

(Dollars in millions except per share data)	Operating Profit		Operating Profit Margin		Profit Before Taxes		Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes		Profit		Profit per Share
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 - U.S. GAAP	$	2,860	17.3	%	$	2,818	$	646	$	2,179	$	4.62
Other restructuring (income) costs	56		0.3	%	56		12		47		0.10
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 - Adjusted	$	2,916	17.6	%	$	2,874	$	658	$	2,226	$	4.72
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 - U.S. GAAP	$	3,482	20.9	%	$	3,500	$	836	$	2,681	$	5.48
Restructuring costs - divestiture of two non-U.S. entities	228		1.3	%	228		—		228		0.47
Other restructuring (income) costs	30		0.2	%	30		6		24		0.04
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 - Adjusted	$	3,740	22.4	%	$	3,758	$	842	$	2,933	$	5.99

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The company believes it is important to separately disclose the annual effective tax rate, excluding discrete items for the results to be meaningful to readers. The annual effective tax rate is discussed using non-GAAP financial measures that exclude the effects of amounts associated with discrete items recorded fully in the quarter they occur. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, these items consist of (i) the settlement of stock-based compensation awards with associated tax deductions in excess of cumulative U.S. GAAP compensation expense and (ii) restructuring costs related to the divestiture of two non-U.S. entities in 2024. The company believes the non-GAAP measures will provide investors with useful perspective on underlying business results and trends and aids with assessing the company's period-over-period results.

A reconciliation of the effective tax rate to annual effective tax rate, excluding discrete items is below:

(Dollars in millions)	Profit Before Taxes		Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes		Effective Tax Rate
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 - U.S. GAAP	$	2,818	$	646	23.0	%
Excess stock-based compensation	—		1
Annual effective tax rate, excluding discrete items	$	2,818	$	647	23.0	%
Excess stock-based compensation	—		(1)
Other restructuring (income) costs	56		12
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 - Adjusted	$	2,874	$	658			Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 - U.S. GAAP	$	3,500	$	836	23.9	%
---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Restructuring costs - divestiture of two non-U.S. entities	228		—
Excess stock-based compensation	—		4
Annual effective tax rate, excluding discrete items	$	3,728	$	840	22.5	%
Excess stock-based compensation	—		(4)
Other restructuring (income) costs	30		6
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 - Adjusted	$	3,758	$	842

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Supplemental Consolidating Data

The company is providing supplemental consolidating data for the purpose of additional analysis. The data has been grouped as follows:

Consolidated – Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Machinery, Energy & Transportation (ME&T) – The company defines ME&T as it is presented in the supplemental data as Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries, excluding Financial Products. ME&T’s information relates to the design, manufacturing and marketing of its products.

Financial Products – The company defines Financial Products as it is presented in the supplemental data as its finance and insurance subsidiaries, primarily Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation (Cat Financial) and Caterpillar Insurance Holdings Inc. (Insurance Services). Financial Products’ information relates to the financing to customers and dealers for the purchase and lease of Caterpillar and other equipment.

Consolidating Adjustments – Eliminations of transactions between ME&T and Financial Products.

The nature of the ME&T and Financial Products businesses is different, especially with regard to the financial position and cash flow items. Caterpillar management utilizes this presentation internally to highlight these differences. The company believes this presentation will assist readers in understanding its business.

Pages 16 to 26 reconcile ME&T and Financial Products to Caterpillar Inc. consolidated financial information.

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Caterpillar Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions except per share data)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Sales and revenues:
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	$	15,674	$	15,840	$	29,052	$	30,800
Revenues of Financial Products	895		849		1,766		1,688
Total sales and revenues	16,569		16,689		30,818		32,488
Operating costs:
Cost of goods sold	10,807		10,150		19,772		19,812
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,694		1,652		3,287		3,229
Research and development expenses	551		535		1,031		1,055
Interest expense of Financial Products	336		314		662		612
Other operating (income) expenses	321		556		627		779
Total operating costs	13,709		13,207		25,379		25,487
Operating profit	2,860		3,482		5,439		7,001
Interest expense excluding Financial Products	126		137		242		280
Other income (expense)	84		155		191		311
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,818		3,500		5,388		7,032
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	646		836		1,220		1,524
Profit of consolidated companies	2,172		2,664		4,168		5,508
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies	7		17		14		27
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	2,179		2,681		4,182		5,535
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		(2)
Profit 1	$	2,179	$	2,681	$	4,182	$	5,537
Profit per common share	$	4.64	$	5.50	$	8.85	$	11.28
Profit per common share — diluted 2	$	4.62	$	5.48	$	8.82	$	11.23
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (millions)
– Basic	469.7		487.2		472.4		490.7
– Diluted 2	471.5		489.5		474.5		493.3		1	Profit attributable to common shareholders.
---	---
2	Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards using the treasury stock method.

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Caterpillar Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

	June 30,<br>2025		December 31,<br>2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,442	$	6,889
Receivables – trade and other	9,704		9,282
Receivables – finance	10,147		9,565
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,867		3,119
Inventories	18,595		16,827
Total current assets	46,755		45,682
Property, plant and equipment – net	13,896		13,361
Long-term receivables – trade and other	1,607		1,225
Long-term receivables – finance	13,835		13,242
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes	3,427		3,312
Intangible assets	321		399
Goodwill	5,331		5,241
Other assets	5,153		5,302
Total assets	$	90,325	$	87,764
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings:
-- Financial Products	$	4,485	$	4,393
Accounts payable	8,563		7,675
Accrued expenses	5,207		5,243
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits	1,618		2,391
Customer advances	3,412		2,322
Dividends payable	707		674
Other current liabilities	2,627		2,909
Long-term debt due within one year:
-- Machinery, Energy & Transportation	30		46
-- Financial Products	8,285		6,619
Total current liabilities	34,934		32,272
Long-term debt due after one year:
-- Machinery, Energy & Transportation	10,654		8,564
-- Financial Products	17,294		18,787
Liability for postemployment benefits	3,611		3,757
Other liabilities	5,169		4,890
Total liabilities	71,662		68,270
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock	6,143		6,941
Treasury stock	(47,958)		(44,331)
Profit employed in the business	62,160		59,352
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,684)		(2,471)
Noncontrolling interests	2		3
Total shareholders’ equity	18,663		19,494
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	90,325	$	87,764

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Caterpillar Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024
Cash flow from operating activities:
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	$	4,182	$	5,535
Adjustments to reconcile profit to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	1,094		1,055
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	(110)		(133)
(Gain) loss on divestiture	—		164
Other	398		105
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables – trade and other	(319)		(245)
Inventories	(1,639)		(643)
Accounts payable	973		(21)
Accrued expenses	(12)		69
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits	(805)		(1,056)
Customer advances	1,276		341
Other assets – net	(90)		20
Other liabilities – net	(537)		(118)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	4,411		5,073
Cash flow from investing activities:
Capital expenditures – excluding equipment leased to others	(1,265)		(841)
Expenditures for equipment leased to others	(608)		(614)
Proceeds from disposals of leased assets and property, plant and equipment	365		342
Additions to finance receivables	(7,064)		(7,446)
Collections of finance receivables	6,399		6,743
Proceeds from sale of finance receivables	18		37
Investments and acquisitions (net of cash acquired)	(21)		(32)
Proceeds from sale of businesses and investments (net of cash sold)	12		(61)
Proceeds from maturities and sale of securities	1,328		2,574
Investments in securities	(618)		(523)
Other – net	(53)		57
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(1,507)		236
Cash flow from financing activities:
Dividends paid	(1,336)		(1,283)
Common stock issued, including treasury shares reissued	(59)		8
Payments to purchase common stock	(4,488)		(6,275)
Excise tax paid on purchases of common stock	(73)		—
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months)	5,707		4,151
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)	(4,168)		(5,217)
Short-term borrowings – net (original maturities three months or less)	72		687
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(4,345)		(7,929)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(7)		(17)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(1,448)		(2,637)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	6,896		6,985
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	5,448	$	4,348	Cash equivalents primarily represent short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of generally three months or less.
---

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Caterpillar Inc.

Supplemental Data for Results of Operations

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

			Supplemental Consolidating Data
	Consolidated		Machinery, Energy & Transportation		Financial<br>Products		Consolidating<br>Adjustments
Sales and revenues:
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	$	15,674	$	15,674	$	—	$	—
Revenues of Financial Products	895		—		1,081		(186)		1
Total sales and revenues	16,569		15,674		1,081		(186)
Operating costs:
Cost of goods sold	10,807		10,809		—		(2)		2
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,694		1,497		209		(12)		2
Research and development expenses	551		551		—		—
Interest expense of Financial Products	336		—		342		(6)		2
Other operating (income) expenses	321		22		318		(19)		2
Total operating costs	13,709		12,879		869		(39)
Operating profit	2,860		2,795		212		(147)
Interest expense excluding Financial Products	126		130		—		(4)		3
Other income (expense)	84		(101)		42		143		4
Consolidated profit before taxes	2,818		2,564		254		—
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	646		585		61		—
Profit of consolidated companies	2,172		1,979		193		—
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies	7		7		—		—
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	2,179		1,986		193		—
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		(1)		1		—
Profit 5	$	2,179	$	1,987	$	192	$	—		1	Elimination of Financial Products’ revenues earned from ME&T.
---	---
2	Elimination of net expenses recorded between ME&T and Financial Products.
3	Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial Products and ME&T.
4	Elimination of discount recorded by ME&T on receivables sold to Financial Products and of interest earned between ME&T and Financial Products as well as dividends paid by Financial Products to ME&T.
5	Profit attributable to common shareholders.

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Caterpillar Inc.

Supplemental Data for Results of Operations

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

			Supplemental Consolidating Data
	Consolidated		Machinery, Energy & Transportation		Financial<br>Products		Consolidating<br>Adjustments
Sales and revenues:
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	$	15,840	$	15,840	$	—	$	—
Revenues of Financial Products	849		—		1,043		(194)		1
Total sales and revenues	16,689		15,840		1,043		(194)
Operating costs:
Cost of goods sold	10,150		10,152		—		(2)		2
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,652		1,449		185		18		2
Research and development expenses	535		535		—		—
Interest expense of Financial Products	314		—		314		—
Other operating (income) expenses	556		43		560		(47)		2
Total operating costs	13,207		12,179		1,059		(31)
Operating profit	3,482		3,661		(16)		(163)
Interest expense excluding Financial Products	137		137		—		—
Other income (expense)	155		(21)		13		163		3
Consolidated profit before taxes	3,500		3,503		(3)		—
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	836		786		50		—
Profit of consolidated companies	2,664		2,717		(53)		—
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies	17		17		—		—
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	2,681		2,734		(53)		—
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—
Profit 4	$	2,681	$	2,734	$	(53)	$	—		1	Elimination of Financial Products’ revenues earned from ME&T.
---	---
2	Elimination of net expenses recorded by ME&T paid to Financial Products.
3	Elimination of discount recorded by ME&T on receivables sold to Financial Products and of interest earned between ME&T and Financial Products as well as dividends paid by Financial Products to ME&T.
4	Profit attributable to common shareholders.

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Caterpillar Inc.

Supplemental Data for Results of Operations

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

			Supplemental Consolidating Data
	Consolidated		Machinery, Energy & Transportation		Financial<br>Products		Consolidating<br>Adjustments
Sales and revenues:
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	$	29,052	$	29,052	$	—	$	—
Revenues of Financial Products	1,766		—		2,129		(363)		1
Total sales and revenues	30,818		29,052		2,129		(363)
Operating costs:
Cost of goods sold	19,772		19,776		—		(4)		2
Selling, general and administrative expenses	3,287		2,905		405		(23)		2
Research and development expenses	1,031		1,031		—		—
Interest expense of Financial Products	662		—		668		(6)		2
Other operating (income) expenses	627		30		643		(46)		2
Total operating costs	25,379		23,742		1,716		(79)
Operating profit	5,439		5,310		413		(284)
Interest expense excluding Financial Products	242		249		—		(7)		3
Other income (expense)	191		(146)		60		277		4
Consolidated profit before taxes	5,388		4,915		473		—
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	1,220		1,105		115		—
Profit of consolidated companies	4,168		3,810		358		—
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies	14		14		—		—
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	4,182		3,824		358		—
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		(1)		1		—
Profit 5	$	4,182	$	3,825	$	357	$	—		1	Elimination of Financial Products’ revenues earned from ME&T.
---	---
2	Elimination of net expenses recorded between ME&T and Financial Products.
3	Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial Products and ME&T.
4	Elimination of discount recorded by ME&T on receivables sold to Financial Products and of interest earned between ME&T and Financial Products as well as dividends paid by Financial Products to ME&T.
5	Profit attributable to common shareholders.

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Caterpillar Inc.

Supplemental Data for Results of Operations

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

			Supplemental Consolidating Data
	Consolidated		Machinery, Energy & Transportation		Financial<br>Products		Consolidating<br>Adjustments
Sales and revenues:
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	$	30,800	$	30,800	$	—	$	—
Revenues of Financial Products	1,688		—		2,072		(384)		1
Total sales and revenues	32,488		30,800		2,072		(384)
Operating costs:
Cost of goods sold	19,812		19,816		—		(4)		2
Selling, general and administrative expenses	3,229		2,862		363		4		2
Research and development expenses	1,055		1,055		—		—
Interest expense of Financial Products	612		—		612		—
Other operating (income) expenses	779		2		845		(68)		2
Total operating costs	25,487		23,735		1,820		(68)
Operating profit	7,001		7,065		252		(316)
Interest expense excluding Financial Products	280		280		—		—
Other income (expense)	311		(41)		36		316		3
Consolidated profit before taxes	7,032		6,744		288		—
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	1,524		1,401		123		—
Profit of consolidated companies	5,508		5,343		165		—
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies	27		27		—		—
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	5,535		5,370		165		—
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2)		(3)		1		—
Profit 4	$	5,537	$	5,373	$	164	$	—		1	Elimination of Financial Products’ revenues earned from ME&T.
---	---
2	Elimination of net expenses recorded between ME&T and Financial Products.
3	Elimination of discount recorded by ME&T on receivables sold to Financial Products and of interest earned between ME&T and Financial Products as well as dividends paid by Financial Products to ME&T.
4	Profit attributable to common shareholders.

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Caterpillar Inc.

Supplemental Data for Financial Position

At June 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

			Supplemental Consolidating Data
	Consolidated		Machinery,<br>Energy &<br>Transportation		Financial<br>Products		Consolidating<br>Adjustments
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,442	$	4,428	$	1,014	$	—
Receivables – trade and other	9,704		3,605		527		5,572		1,2
Receivables – finance	10,147		—		15,946		(5,799)		2
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,867		2,680		401		(214)		3
Inventories	18,595		18,595		—		—
Total current assets	46,755		29,308		17,888		(441)
Property, plant and equipment – net	13,896		10,035		3,861		—
Long-term receivables – trade and other	1,607		1,619		308		(320)		1,2
Long-term receivables – finance	13,835		—		14,708		(873)		2
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes	3,427		3,680		131		(384)		4
Intangible assets	321		321		—		—
Goodwill	5,331		5,331		—		—
Other assets	5,153		3,747		2,420		(1,014)		5
Total assets	$	90,325	$	54,041	$	39,316	$	(3,032)
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	4,485	$	—	$	4,485	$	—
Accounts payable	8,563		8,515		294		(246)		6,7
Accrued expenses	5,207		4,374		833		—
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits	1,618		1,580		38		—
Customer advances	3,412		3,387		3		22		7
Dividends payable	707		707		—		—
Other current liabilities	2,627		2,091		768		(232)		4,5,8
Long-term debt due within one year	8,315		30		8,285		—
Total current liabilities	34,934		20,684		14,706		(456)
Long-term debt due after one year	27,948		10,850		18,294		(1,196)		7,9
Liability for postemployment benefits	3,611		3,611		—		—
Other liabilities	5,169		4,199		1,376		(406)		4,5
Total liabilities	71,662		39,344		34,376		(2,058)
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock	6,143		6,143		905		(905)		10
Treasury stock	(47,958)		(47,958)		—		—
Profit employed in the business	62,160		57,238		4,912		10		10
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,684)		(731)		(953)		—
Noncontrolling interests	2		5		76		(79)		10
Total shareholders’ equity	18,663		14,697		4,940		(974)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	90,325	$	54,041	$	39,316	$	(3,032)		1	Elimination of receivables between ME&T and Financial Products.
---	---
2	Reclassification of ME&T’s trade receivables purchased by Financial Products and Financial Products’ wholesale inventory receivables.
3	Elimination of ME&T's insurance premiums that are prepaid to Financial Products.
4	Reclassification reflecting required netting of deferred tax assets/liabilities by taxing jurisdiction.
5	Elimination of other intercompany assets and liabilities between ME&T and Financial Products.
6	Elimination of payables between ME&T and Financial Products.
7	Reclassification of Financial Products' payables to customer advances.
8	Elimination of prepaid insurance in Financial Products’ other liabilities.
9	Elimination of debt between ME&T and Financial Products.
10	Eliminations associated with ME&T’s investments in Financial Products’ subsidiaries.

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Caterpillar Inc.

Supplemental Data for Financial Position

At December 31, 2024

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

			Supplemental Consolidating Data
	Consolidated		Machinery,<br>Energy &<br>Transportation		Financial<br>Products		Consolidating<br>Adjustments
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,889	$	6,165	$	724	$	—
Receivables – trade and other	9,282		3,463		688		5,131		1,2
Receivables – finance	9,565		—		14,957		(5,392)		2
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,119		2,872		401		(154)		3
Inventories	16,827		16,827		—		—
Total current assets	45,682		29,327		16,770		(415)
Property, plant and equipment – net	13,361		9,531		3,830		—
Long-term receivables – trade and other	1,225		500		86		639		1,2
Long-term receivables – finance	13,242		—		14,048		(806)		2
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes	3,312		3,594		118		(400)		4
Intangible assets	399		399		—		—
Goodwill	5,241		5,241		—		—
Other assets	5,302		4,050		2,277		(1,025)		5
Total assets	$	87,764	$	52,642	$	37,129	$	(2,007)
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	4,393	$	—	$	4,393	$	—
Accounts payable	7,675		7,619		331		(275)		6,7
Accrued expenses	5,243		4,589		654		—
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits	2,391		2,335		56		—
Customer advances	2,322		2,305		3		14		7
Dividends payable	674		674		—		—
Other current liabilities	2,909		2,388		696		(175)		4,8
Long-term debt due within one year	6,665		46		6,619		—
Total current liabilities	32,272		19,956		12,752		(436)
Long-term debt due after one year	27,351		8,731		18,787		(167)		9
Liability for postemployment benefits	3,757		3,757		—		—
Other liabilities	4,890		3,977		1,344		(431)		4
Total liabilities	68,270		36,421		32,883		(1,034)
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock	6,941		6,941		905		(905)		10
Treasury stock	(44,331)		(44,331)		—		—
Profit employed in the business	59,352		54,787		4,555		10		10
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,471)		(1,182)		(1,289)		—
Noncontrolling interests	3		6		75		(78)		10
Total shareholders’ equity	19,494		16,221		4,246		(973)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	87,764	$	52,642	$	37,129	$	(2,007)		1	Elimination of receivables between ME&T and Financial Products.
---	---
2	Reclassification of ME&T’s trade receivables purchased by Financial Products and Financial Products’ wholesale inventory receivables.
3	Elimination of ME&T’s insurance premiums that are prepaid to Financial Products.
4	Reclassification reflecting required netting of deferred tax assets/liabilities by taxing jurisdiction.
5	Elimination of other intercompany assets and liabilities between ME&T and Financial Products.
6	Elimination of payables between ME&T and Financial Products.
7	Reclassification of Financial Products' payables to customer advances.
8	Elimination of prepaid insurance in Financial Products’ other liabilities.
9	Elimination of debt between ME&T and Financial Products.
10	Eliminations associated with ME&T’s investments in Financial Products’ subsidiaries.

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Caterpillar Inc.

Supplemental Data for Cash Flow

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

			Supplemental Consolidating Data
	Consolidated		Machinery, Energy & Transportation		Financial<br>Products		Consolidating<br>Adjustments
Cash flow from operating activities:
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	$	4,182	$	3,824	$	358	$	—
Adjustments to reconcile profit to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	1,094		716		378		—
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	(110)		(88)		(22)		—
Other	398		357		(286)		327		1
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables – trade and other	(319)		90		5		(414)		1,2
Inventories	(1,639)		(1,639)		—		—
Accounts payable	973		930		6		37		1
Accrued expenses	(12)		(64)		52		—
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits	(805)		(786)		(19)		—
Customer advances	1,276		1,276		—		—
Other assets – net	(90)		(133)		(3)		46		1
Other liabilities – net	(537)		(621)		128		(44)		1
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	4,411		3,862		597		(48)
Cash flow from investing activities:
Capital expenditures – excluding equipment leased to others	(1,265)		(1,273)		(22)		30		1
Expenditures for equipment leased to others	(608)		(14)		(597)		3		1
Proceeds from disposals of leased assets and property, plant and equipment	365		36		362		(33)		1
Additions to finance receivables	(7,064)		—		(8,084)		1,020		2
Collections of finance receivables	6,399		—		7,278		(879)		2
Net intercompany purchased receivables	—		—		93		(93)		2
Proceeds from sale of finance receivables	18		—		18		—
Additions to intercompany receivables (original maturities greater than three months)	—		(1,000)		—		1,000		3
Collections of intercompany receivables (original maturities greater than three months)	—		—		35		(35)		3
Investments and acquisitions (net of cash acquired)	(21)		(21)		—		—
Proceeds from sale of businesses and investments (net of cash sold)	12		12		—		—
Proceeds from maturities and sale of securities	1,328		1,026		302		—
Investments in securities	(618)		(278)		(340)		—
Other – net	(53)		(18)		(35)		—
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(1,507)		(1,530)		(990)		1,013
Cash flow from financing activities:
Dividends paid	(1,336)		(1,336)		—		—
Common stock issued, including treasury shares reissued	(59)		(59)		—		—
Payments to purchase common stock	(4,488)		(4,488)		—		—
Excise tax paid on purchases of common stock	(73)		(73)		—		—
Proceeds from intercompany borrowings (original maturities greater than three months)	—		—		1,000		(1,000)		3
Payments on intercompany borrowings (original maturities greater than three months)	—		(35)		—		35		3
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months)	5,707		1,976		3,731		—
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)	(4,168)		(35)		(4,133)		—
Short-term borrowings – net (original maturities three months or less)	72		—		72		—
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(4,345)		(4,050)		670		(965)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(7)		(21)		14		—
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(1,448)		(1,739)		291		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	6,896		6,170		726		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	5,448	$	4,431	$	1,017	$	—		1	Elimination of non-cash adjustments and changes in assets and liabilities related to consolidated reporting.
---	---
2	Reclassification of Financial Products’ cash flow activity from investing to operating for receivables that arose from the sale of inventory.
3	Elimination of proceeds and payments to/from ME&T and Financial Products.

(more)

Caterpillar Inc.

Supplemental Data for Cash Flow

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

(Unaudited)

(Millions of dollars)

			Supplemental Consolidating Data
	Consolidated		Machinery, Energy & Transportation		Financial<br>Products		Consolidating<br>Adjustments
Cash flow from operating activities:
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies	$	5,535	$	5,370	$	165	$	—
Adjustments to reconcile profit to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	1,055		662		393		—
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	(133)		(81)		(52)		—
(Gain) loss on divestiture	164		(46)		210		—
Other	105		104		(280)		281		1
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables – trade and other	(245)		195		96		(536)		1,2
Inventories	(643)		(638)		—		(5)		1
Accounts payable	(21)		6		(58)		31		1
Accrued expenses	69		(41)		110		—
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits	(1,056)		(1,035)		(21)		—
Customer advances	341		341		—		—
Other assets – net	20		(108)		5		123		1
Other liabilities – net	(118)		(156)		147		(109)		1
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	5,073		4,573		715		(215)
Cash flow from investing activities:
Capital expenditures – excluding equipment leased to others	(841)		(831)		(13)		3		1
Expenditures for equipment leased to others	(614)		(10)		(612)		8		1
Proceeds from disposals of leased assets and property, plant and equipment	342		13		335		(6)		1
Additions to finance receivables	(7,446)		—		(7,951)		505		2
Collections of finance receivables	6,743		—		7,176		(433)		2
Net intercompany purchased receivables	—		—		(138)		138		2
Proceeds from sale of finance receivables	37		—		37		—
Net intercompany borrowings	—		—		9		(9)		3
Investments and acquisitions (net of cash acquired)	(32)		(32)		—		—
Proceeds from sale of businesses and investments (net of cash sold)	(61)		92		(153)		—
Proceeds from maturities and sale of securities	2,574		2,402		172		—
Investments in securities	(523)		(300)		(223)		—
Other – net	57		47		10		—
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	236		1,381		(1,351)		206
Cash flow from financing activities:
Dividends paid	(1,283)		(1,283)		—		—
Common stock issued, including treasury shares reissued	8		8		—		—
Payments to purchase common stock	(6,275)		(6,275)		—		—
Net intercompany borrowings	—		(9)		—		9		3
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months)	4,151		—		4,151		—
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)	(5,217)		(1,014)		(4,203)		—
Short-term borrowings – net (original maturities three months or less)	687		—		687		—
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(7,929)		(8,573)		635		9
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(17)		(7)		(10)		—
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(2,637)		(2,626)		(11)		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	6,985		6,111		874		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	4,348	$	3,485	$	863	$	—		1	Elimination of non-cash adjustments and changes in assets and liabilities related to consolidated reporting.
---	---
2	Reclassification of Financial Products’ cash flow activity from investing to operating for receivables that arose from the sale of inventory.
3	Elimination of net proceeds and payments to/from ME&T and Financial Products.

Document

EXHIBIT 99.2

Caterpillar Inc. (“Caterpillar”, “we” or “our”) is furnishing supplemental information concerning (i) retail sales of machines to end users and (ii) retail sales of power systems (including reciprocating and turbine engines and locomotives) to end users and Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”). Caterpillar sells the majority of its machinery and power systems to independently owned and operated dealers and OEMs to meet the demands of their customers, the end users. Caterpillar believes that this supplemental information may help readers better understand Caterpillar’s business and the industries it serves, particularly in light of the time delay between Caterpillar’s sales to dealers and dealers’ sales to end users.

In this report, we are providing information by geographic region for retail sales of machines in each of our Resource Industries and Construction Industries reportable segments, as well as information regarding retail sales of our machines globally. For our Energy & Transportation reportable segment, we are providing retail sales information by major end use.

The information presented in this report is primarily based on unaudited reports that are voluntarily provided to Caterpillar by its independent dealers and which are not subject to Caterpillar’s internal controls over financial reporting. Accordingly, the data collected from such third parties may not be accurate and/or complete. As such, the information presented in this report is intended solely to convey an approximate indication of the trends, direction and magnitude of retail sales and is not intended to be an estimate, approximation or prediction of, or substitute for, Caterpillar’s audited financial statements filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. This information is furnished under this report with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Caterpillar does not undertake to update or adjust prior period information.

Caterpillar Inc.<br>Quarterly Retail Sales Statistics
Machines and E&T Combined	2nd Quarter 2025	1st Quarter 2025	4th Quarter 2024	3rd Quarter 2024
World	UP 3%	UP 3%	DOWN 2%	DOWN 6%
Machines	2nd Quarter 2025	1st Quarter 2025	4th Quarter 2024	3rd Quarter 2024
Asia/Pacific	UP 3%	DOWN 7%	DOWN 8%	DOWN 9%
EAME	UP 3%	UP 5%	DOWN 2%	DOWN 20%
Latin America	DOWN 5%	UP 6%	UP 1%	UNCHANGED
North America	UNCHANGED	DOWN 2%	DOWN 3%	DOWN 9%
World	UNCHANGED	DOWN 1%	DOWN 3%	DOWN 10%
Resource Industries (RI)	2nd Quarter 2025	1st Quarter 2025	4th Quarter 2024	3rd Quarter 2024
Asia/Pacific	UP 9%	DOWN 14%	DOWN 4%	DOWN 13%
EAME	DOWN 4%	UP 8%	UP 15%	DOWN 38%
Latin America	DOWN 2%	DOWN 10%	DOWN 5%	DOWN 10%
North America	DOWN 10%	DOWN 15%	DOWN 11%	DOWN 12%
World	DOWN 3%	DOWN 10%	DOWN 3%	DOWN 18%
Construction Industries (CI)	2nd Quarter 2025	1st Quarter 2025	4th Quarter 2024	3rd Quarter 2024
Asia/Pacific	DOWN 2%	DOWN 3%	DOWN 11%	DOWN 7%
EAME	UP 5%	UP 4%	DOWN 8%	DOWN 12%
Latin America	DOWN 7%	UP 16%	UP 5%	UP 6%
North America	UP 3%	UP 1%	DOWN 1%	DOWN 8%
World	UP 2%	UP 3%	DOWN 3%	DOWN 7%
Reported in dollars and based on unit sales as reported primarily by dealers.
Energy & Transportation (E&T) Retail Sales by industry for the quarter ended as indicated compared with the same period of the prior year:
Energy & Transportation (E&T)	2nd Quarter 2025	1st Quarter 2025	4th Quarter 2024	3rd Quarter 2024
Power Gen	UP 19%	UP 58%	UP 27%	UP 11%
Industrial	UP 18%	UP 1%	DOWN 22%	DOWN 29%
Transportation	DOWN 24%	UP 4%	UP 6%	UP 25%
Oil & Gas	UP 4%	DOWN 23%	DOWN 13%	UP 10%
Total	UP 9%	UP 13%	UP 2%	UP 5%
Reported in dollars based on reporting from dealers and direct sales.

Glossary of Terms

Construction Industries: A segment primarily responsible for supporting customers using machinery in infrastructure and building construction applications. Responsibilities include business strategy, product design, product management and development, manufacturing, marketing and sales and product support. The product portfolio includes asphalt pavers; backhoe loaders; cold planers; compactors; compact track loaders; forestry machines; material handlers; motor graders; pipelayers; road reclaimers; skid steer loaders; telehandlers; track-type loaders; track-type tractors (small, medium); track excavators (mini, small, medium, large); wheel excavators; wheel loaders (compact, small, medium); and related parts and work tools.

EAME: A geographic region including Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Eurasia.

Energy & Transportation: A segment primarily responsible for supporting customers using reciprocating engines, turbines, diesel-electric locomotives and related services across industries serving Oil and Gas, Power Generation, Industrial and Transportation applications, including marine- and rail-related businesses as well as product support of on-highway engines. Responsibilities include business strategy, product design, product management, development and testing, manufacturing, marketing and sales and product support. The product and services portfolio includes turbines, centrifugal gas compressors, and turbine-related services; reciprocating engine-powered generator sets; integrated systems and solutions used in the electric power generation industry; reciprocating engines, drivetrain and integrated systems and solutions for the marine and oil and gas industries; reciprocating engines, drivetrain and integrated systems and solutions supplied to the industrial industry as well as Caterpillar machines; electrified powertrain and zero-emission power sources and service solutions development; and diesel-electric and hybrid locomotives and components and other rail-related products and services, including remanufacturing and leasing. Responsibilities also include the remanufacturing of Caterpillar reciprocating engines and components and remanufacturing services for other companies.

Resource Industries: A segment primarily responsible for supporting customers using machinery in mining, heavy construction and quarry and aggregates. Responsibilities include business strategy, product design, product management and development, manufacturing, marketing and sales and product support. The product portfolio includes large track-type tractors; large mining trucks; hard rock vehicles; electric rope shovels; draglines; hydraulic shovels; rotary drills; large wheel loaders; off-highway trucks; articulated trucks; wheel tractor scrapers; wheel dozers; landfill compactors; soil compactors; wide-body trucks; select work tools; machinery components; electronics and control systems and related parts. In addition to equipment, Resource Industries also develops and sells technology products and services to provide customers fleet management, equipment management analytics, autonomous machine capabilities, safety services and mining performance solutions. Resource Industries also manages areas that provide services to other parts of the company, including strategic procurement, lean center of excellence, integrated manufacturing, research and development for hydraulic systems, automation, electronics and software for Caterpillar machines and engines.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report relate to future events and expectations and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “believe,” “estimate,” “will be,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “forecast,” “target,” “guide,” “project,” “intend,” “could,” “should” or other similar words or expressions often identify forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements regarding our outlook, projections, forecasts or trend descriptions. These statements do not guarantee future performance and speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements.