AGNC Investment Corp 10-Q for FY2026 Q3
AGNC Investment Corp. (AGNC)
10-Q
2026-10-29
For: 2026-09-30
View Original
Added on
October 29, 2026
About this 10-Q
AGNC Investment Corp filed this 10-Q on October 29, 2026, covering the quarter ended September 30, 2026 (FY2026 Q3).
AGNC reported third-quarter comprehensive loss of $1.28 per diluted share and -12.7% economic return on tangible common equity. Separately, S&P MidCap 400 inclusion enabled a 97.6 million-share issuance for $992 million net proceeds amid elevated trading liquidity. AI summary
Headline figures
Quarter ended September 30, 2026, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Net loss
- $1.36B
- compared with net income of $806M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- -$1.17
- compared with $0.72 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2026
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
Commission file number 001-34057
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________________________________________
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
(Address of principal executive offices)
(301 ) 968-9315
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Exchange on Which Registered | ||||||||||||
Redeemable Preferred Stock | ||||||||||||||
Redeemable Preferred Stock | ||||||||||||||
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
The number of shares of the issuer’s common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of October 28, 2026 was 1,273,805,642 .
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except per share data)
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||
Agency securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Agency securities transferred to consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value (pledged securities) | |||||||||||
Credit risk transfer securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $ | |||||||||||
Non-Agency securities, at fair value, and other mortgage credit investments (including pledged securities of $ | |||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $ | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Derivative assets, at fair value | |||||||||||
Receivable for investment securities sold (including pledged securities of $ | |||||||||||
| Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value | |||||||||||
| Payable for investment securities purchased | |||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities, at fair value | |||||||||||
| Dividends payable | |||||||||||
| Obligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair value | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Preferred Stock - aggregate liquidation preference of $ | |||||||||||
Common stock - $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Retained deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
2
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other gain (loss), net: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other investments, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other gain (loss), net: | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss), net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on preferred stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share - basic | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share - diluted | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared per common share | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
3
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in millions)
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of preferred stock, net of offering cost | — | — | — | — | — | 334 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred dividends declared | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common dividends declared | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred dividends declared | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common dividends declared | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of preferred stock | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred dividends declared | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common dividends declared | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, net | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred dividends declared | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common dividends declared | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
4
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed securities, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, net | |||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sale of investment securities, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on derivative instruments and other securities, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Increase in other assets | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Increase in other liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of Agency mortgage-backed securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Purchases of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities and other mortgage credit investments | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of Agency mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Principal collections on Agency mortgage-backed securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Principal collections on credit risk transfer and non-Agency securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments on U.S. Treasury securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from U.S. Treasury securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net payments on reverse repurchase agreements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net proceeds from (payments on) derivative instruments | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from repurchase arrangements | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments on repurchase agreements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Payments on debt of consolidated variable interest entities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net proceeds from preferred stock issuance | |||||||||||||||||
| Net proceeds from common stock issuances | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends paid | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash end of period: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
5
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Organization
AGNC Investment Corp. (referred throughout this report as the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) was organized in Delaware on January 7, 2008 and commenced operations on May 20, 2008 following the completion of our initial public offering. Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “AGNC.”
We are a leading provider of private capital to the U.S. housing market, enhancing liquidity in the residential real estate mortgage markets and, in turn, facilitating home ownership in the U.S. We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“Agency RMBS”) for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise (“GSE”) or a U.S. Government agency. We also invest in Agency multifamily mortgage-backed securities (“Agency multifamily MBS”) that are similarly guaranteed by the GSEs and in other types of mortgage and mortgage-related securities, such as credit risk transfer (“CRT”) securities and non-Agency residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“non-Agency RMBS” and “CMBS,” respectively), where repayment of principal and interest is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency, and other assets related to the housing, mortgage or real estate markets. We fund our investments primarily through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements.
We operate to qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”). As a REIT, we are required to distribute annually 90 % of our taxable income, and we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal or state corporate income tax to the extent that we distribute our annual taxable income to our stockholders on a timely basis. It is our intention to distribute 100 % of our taxable income within the time limits prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code, which may extend into the subsequent tax year.
We are internally managed with the principal objective of generating favorable long-term stockholder returns with a substantial yield component. We generate income from the interest earned on our investments, net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Our accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes are unaudited and include the accounts of all our wholly-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, necessary for the fair presentation of consolidated financial statements for the interim period have been included. The current period’s results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results that ultimately may be achieved for the year.
Investment Securities
Agency RMBS consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac,” and together with Fannie Mae, the “GSEs”) or the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”).
Agency multifamily MBS consist of securities backed by one or more mortgage loans secured by one or more multifamily properties that are similarly guaranteed by a GSE. Our investments in Agency multifamily MBS primarily consist of securities issued under Fannie Mae’s Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) program, which are generally backed by a single mortgage loan secured by a single property and include lender risk-sharing.
6
CRT securities are risk sharing instruments issued by the GSEs, and similarly structured transactions issued by third-party market participants, that synthetically transfer a portion of the risk associated with credit losses within pools of conventional residential and multifamily mortgage loans from the GSEs and/or third parties to private investors. Unlike Agency RMBS and Agency multifamily MBS, full repayment of the original principal balance of CRT securities is not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency; rather, “credit risk transfer” is achieved by writing down the outstanding principal balance of the CRT securities if credit losses on a related pool of loans exceed certain thresholds. By reducing the principal amount that they are obligated to repay to holders of CRT securities, the GSEs and/or other third parties offset credit losses on the related loans.
Non-Agency RMBS and CMBS (together, “non-Agency MBS”) are backed by residential and commercial mortgage loans, respectively, packaged and securitized by a private institution, such as a commercial bank. Non-Agency MBS typically benefit from credit enhancements derived from structural elements, such as subordination, over-collateralization or insurance, but nonetheless carry a higher level of credit exposure than Agency RMBS.
All of our securities are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 320, Investments—Debt Securities, requires that at the time of purchase, we designate a security as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading, depending on our ability and intent to hold such security to maturity. Alternatively, we may elect the fair value option of accounting for securities pursuant to ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. Prior to fiscal year 2017, we primarily designated our investment securities as available-for-sale. On January 1, 2017, we began electing the fair value option of accounting for all investment securities newly acquired after such date. Unrealized gains and losses on securities classified as available-for-sale are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”), whereas unrealized gains and losses on securities for which we elected the fair value option, or are classified as trading, are reported in net income through other gain (loss). Upon the sale of a security designated as available-for-sale, we determine the cost of the security and the amount of unrealized gain or loss to reclassify out of accumulated OCI into earnings based on the specific identification method. In our view, the election of the fair value option simplifies the accounting for investment securities and more appropriately reflects the results of our operations for a reporting period by presenting the fair value changes for these assets in a manner consistent with the presentation and timing of the fair value changes for our derivative instruments.
Interest Income
Interest income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount of the investment securities and their contractual terms. Premiums or discounts associated with the purchase of Agency RMBS and non-Agency MBS of high credit quality are amortized or accreted into interest income, respectively, over the projected lives of the securities, including contractual payments and estimated prepayments, using the effective interest method in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-20, Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs.
We estimate long-term prepayment speeds of our mortgage securities using a third-party service and market data. The third-party service provider estimates prepayment speeds using models that incorporate the forward yield curve, primary to secondary mortgage rate spreads, current mortgage rates, mortgage rates of the outstanding loans, age and size of the outstanding loans, loan-to-value ratios, interest rate volatility and other factors. We review the prepayment speeds estimated by the third-party service for reasonableness with consideration given to both historical prepayment speeds and current market conditions. If, based on our assessment, we believe that the third-party model does not fully reflect our expectations of the current prepayment landscape, we may make adjustments to the models. We review our actual and anticipated prepayment experience on at least a quarterly basis and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between (i) our previous estimate of future prepayments and (ii) actual prepayments to date and our current estimate of future prepayments. We are required to record an adjustment in the current period to premium amortization / discount accretion for the cumulative effect of the difference in the effective yields as if the recalculated yield had been in place as of the security’s acquisition date through the reporting date.
At the time we purchase CRT securities and non-Agency MBS that are not of high credit quality, we determine an effective yield based on our estimate of the timing and amount of future cash flows and our cost basis. Our initial cash flow
7
estimates for these investments are based on our observations of current information and events and include assumptions related to interest rates, prepayment rates, collateral call provisions, and the impact of default and severity rates on the timing and amount of credit losses. On at least a quarterly basis, we review the estimated cash flows and make appropriate adjustments based on inputs and analysis received from external sources, internal models, and our judgment regarding such inputs and other factors. Any resulting changes in effective yield are recognized prospectively based on the current amortized cost of the investment adjusted for credit impairments, if any.
Repurchase Agreements
We finance the acquisition of securities for our investment portfolio primarily through repurchase agreements with our lending counterparties. Repurchase arrangements involve the sale and a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the securities at a future date. We maintain a beneficial interest in the specific securities pledged during the term of each repurchase arrangement and we receive the related principal and interest payments. Pursuant to ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, we account for repurchase agreements as collateralized financing transactions, which are carried at their contractual amounts (cost), plus accrued interest. Our repurchase agreements typically have maturities of less than one year.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Obligation to Return Securities Borrowed under Reverse Repurchase Agreements
We borrow securities to cover short sales of U.S. Treasury securities through reverse repurchase transactions (see Derivative Instruments below). We account for these as securities borrowing transactions and recognize an obligation to return the borrowed securities at fair value on the balance sheet based on the value of the underlying borrowed securities as of the reporting date. We may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements to earn a yield on excess cash balances. The securities received as collateral in connection with our reverse repurchase agreements mitigate our credit risk exposure to counterparties. Our reverse repurchase agreements typically have maturities of 30 days or less.
Derivative Instruments
We use a variety of derivative instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to market risks, including interest rate, prepayment, extension and liquidity risks. The objective of our risk management strategy is to reduce fluctuations in net book value over a range of interest rate scenarios. In particular, we attempt to mitigate the risk of the cost of our variable rate liabilities increasing during a period of rising interest rates. The primary instruments that we use are interest rate swaps, options to enter into interest rate swaps (“swaptions”), U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. We also use forward contracts in the Agency RMBS “to-be-announced” market, or TBA securities, to invest in and finance Agency securities and to periodically reduce our exposure to Agency RMBS.
We account for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). ASC 815 requires an entity to recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets and to measure those instruments at fair value. None of our derivative instruments have been designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes under the provisions of ASC 815; consequently, changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments are reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Our derivative agreements generally contain provisions that allow for netting or setting off derivative assets and liabilities with the counterparty; however, we report related assets and liabilities on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative instruments in a gain position are reported as derivative assets at fair value and derivative instruments in a loss position are reported as derivative liabilities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value of derivative instruments and periodic settlements related to our derivative instruments are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Net cash receipts from and payments on our derivative instruments are classified in our consolidated statements of cash flows according to the underlying nature or purpose of the derivative transaction, generally in the investing section.
Interest rate swap agreements
We use interest rate swaps to economically hedge the variable cash flows associated with our borrowings made under repurchase agreements. Under our interest rate swap agreements, we typically pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate (“payer swaps”) based on a short-term benchmark rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and Overnight Index Swap Rate (“OIS”). Our interest rate swaps typically have terms from one to 10 years. Our interest rate swaps are centrally cleared through a registered commodities exchange. The clearing exchange requires that we post an “initial margin” amount determined by the exchange. The initial margin amount is intended to be set at a level sufficient to protect the exchange from the interest rate swap’s maximum estimated single-day price movement and is subject to adjustment based on changes in market volatility and other factors. We also exchange daily settlements of “variation margin” based upon changes in fair value,
8
as measured by the exchange. Pursuant to rules governing central clearing activities, we recognize variation margin settlements as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the interest rate swap asset or liability.
Interest rate swaptions
We purchase interest rate swaptions to help mitigate the potential impact of larger, more rapid changes in interest rates on the performance of our investment portfolio. Interest rate swaptions provide us the option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future. Our interest rate swaption agreements are not subject to central clearing. The difference between the premium paid and the fair value of the swaption is reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. If a swaption expires unexercised, the realized loss on the swaption would be equal to the premium paid. If we sell or exercise a swaption, the realized gain or loss on the swaption would be equal to the difference between the cash or the fair value of the underlying interest rate swap and the premium paid.
TBA securities
A TBA security is a forward contract for the purchase or sale of Agency RMBS at a predetermined price, face amount, issuer, coupon and stated maturity on an agreed-upon future date. The specific Agency RMBS to be delivered into the contract are not known until shortly before the settlement date. We may choose, prior to settlement, to move the settlement of these securities out to a later date by entering into an offsetting TBA position, net settling the offsetting positions for cash, and simultaneously purchasing or selling a similar TBA contract for a later settlement date (together referred to as a “dollar roll transaction”). The Agency securities purchased or sold for a forward settlement date are typically priced at a discount to equivalent securities settling in the current month. This difference, or “price drop,” is the economic equivalent of interest income on the underlying Agency securities, less an implied funding cost, over the forward settlement period (referred to as “dollar roll income”). Consequently, forward purchases of Agency securities and dollar roll transactions represent a form of off-balance sheet financing.
We account for TBA contracts as derivative instruments since either the TBA contracts do not settle in the shortest period of time possible or we cannot assert that it is probable at inception and throughout the term of the TBA contract that we will physically settle the contract on the settlement date. We account for TBA dollar roll transactions as a series of derivative transactions.
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts
We use U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts to mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our portfolio. We enter into short-sales of U.S. Treasury securities by borrowing the securities under reverse repurchase agreements and selling them into the market. We account for these as securities borrowing transactions and recognize an obligation to return the borrowed securities at fair value on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on the value of the underlying U.S. Treasury security as of the reporting date. Treasury futures contracts are standardized contracts that obligate us to sell or buy U.S. Treasury securities for future delivery. Gains and losses associated with U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts are recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Fair Value Measurements
We determine the fair value of financial instruments based on our estimate of the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We utilize a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the instrument as of the measurement date. We categorize a financial instrument within the hierarchy based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
•Level 1 Inputs —Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical unrestricted assets and liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.
•Level 2 Inputs —Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
•Level 3 Inputs —Instruments with primarily unobservable market data that cannot be corroborated.
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The majority of our financial instruments are classified as Level 2 inputs. The availability of observable inputs can be affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace and other characteristics particular to the instrument. We typically obtain price estimates from multiple third-party pricing sources, such as pricing services and dealers, or, if applicable, from the registered clearing exchange. We make inquiries of third-party pricing sources to understand the significant inputs and assumptions they used to determine their prices and that they are derived from orderly transactions, particularly during periods of elevated market turbulence and reduced market liquidity. We also review third-party price estimates and perform procedures to validate their reasonableness, including an analysis of the range of estimates for each position, comparison to recent trade activity for similar securities and for consistency with market conditions observed as of the measurement date. While we do not adjust prices we obtain from pricing sources, we will exclude prices for securities from our estimation of fair value if we determine based on our validation procedures and our market knowledge and expertise that the price is significantly different from what observable market data would indicate and we cannot obtain an understanding from the third-party source as to the significant inputs used to determine the price.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis classified as Level 2 inputs. These instruments trade in active markets such that participants transact with sufficient frequency and volume to provide transparent pricing information on an ongoing basis. The liquidity of these markets and the similarity of our instruments to those actively traded enable our pricing sources and us to utilize the observed quoted prices as a basis for formulating fair value measurements.
Investment securities - are valued based on prices obtained from multiple third-party pricing sources. The pricing sources utilize various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches. For Agency RMBS, the pricing sources primarily utilize a matrix pricing technique that interpolates the estimated fair value based on observed quoted prices for TBA securities having the same coupon, maturity and issuer, adjusted to reflect the specific characteristics of the pool of mortgages underlying the Agency security, such as maximum loan balance, loan vintage, loan-to-value ratio, geography and other characteristics as may be appropriate. For other investment securities, the pricing sources primarily utilize discounted cash flow model-derived pricing techniques to estimate the fair value. Such models incorporate market-based discount rate assumptions based on observable inputs such as recent trading activity, credit data, volatility statistics, benchmark interest rate curves, spread measurements to benchmark curves and other market data that are current as of the measurement date and may include certain unobservable inputs, such as assumptions of future levels of prepayment, defaults and loss severities.
TBA securities - are valued using prices obtained from third-party pricing sources based on pricing models that reference recent trading activity.
Interest rate swaps - are valued using the daily settlement price, or fair value, determined by the clearing exchange based on a pricing model that references observable market inputs, including current benchmark rates and the forward yield curve.
Interest rate swaptions - are valued using prices obtained from the counterparty and other third-party pricing models. The pricing models are based on the value of the future interest rate swap that we have the option to enter into as well as the remaining length of time that we have to exercise the option based on observable market inputs, adjusted for non-performance risk, if any.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs issued by the FASB. There are no unadopted ASUs that are expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements when adopted or other recently adopted ASUs that had a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
Note 3. Investment Securities
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our investment portfolio consisted of $91.9 billion and $81.7 billion of investment securities, at fair value, respectively, $2.4 billion and $13.0 billion of net TBA securities, at fair value, respectively, and other mortgage credit investments of $72 million and $70 million, respectively, which we account for under the equity method of accounting. Our TBA position is reported at its net carrying value totaling $(70 ) million and $71 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, in derivative assets / (liabilities) on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying value of our TBA position represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying security and the cost basis or the forward price to be paid or received for the underlying security.
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As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our investment securities had a net unamortized premium balance of $0.3 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively.
The following tables summarize our investment securities as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, excluding TBA securities and other mortgage credit investments (dollars in millions). Details of our TBA securities are included in Note 5.
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Securities | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency RMBS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustable rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CMO | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-only and principal-only strips | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Multifamily | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Agency RMBS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency RMBS 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CMBS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRT securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency 1 | Non-Agency 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Securities | Agency RMBS | RMBS | CMBS | CRT | Total | Agency RMBS | RMBS | CMBS | CRT | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Par value 2 | $ | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unamortized discount | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unamortized premium | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized cost | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross unrealized gains | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross unrealized losses | ( | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities remeasured at fair value through earnings: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Par value 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unamortized discount | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unamortized premium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross unrealized gains | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross unrealized losses | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities remeasured at fair value through earnings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities, at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Non-Agency amounts exclude other mortgage credit investments of $72 million and $70 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
2.Par value excludes interest-only securities. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, Agency RMBS interest-only securities had a par value of $6,388 million and $4,475 million, respectively, and non-Agency interest-only securities had a par value of $16 million and $16 million, respectively.
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The following table presents the Company’s Agency RMBS portfolio by issuing GSE or U.S. Government agency at fair value as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in millions):
| Investment Type | September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Freddie Mac | ||||||||||||||
| Ginnie Mae | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our investments in CRT and non-Agency securities had the following credit ratings (in millions):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CRT and Non-Agency Security Credit Ratings 1 | CRT | RMBS 2 | CMBS | CRT | RMBS 2 | CMBS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AAA | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BBB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not Rated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Represents the lowest of Standard and Poor’s (“S&P”), Moody’s, Fitch, DBRS, Kroll Bond Rating Agency (“KBRA”) and Morningstar credit ratings, stated in terms of the S&P equivalent rating as of each date.
2.RMBS excludes other mortgage credit investments of $72 million and $70 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
Our CRT securities primarily reference the performance of single-family and multifamily mortgage loans underlying Agency RMBS and CMBS issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, which are subject to the respective agency’s underwriting standards. The remainder of our CRT holdings reference single-family loans originated and issued by third-party market participants and may not be subject to the same standards.
The actual maturities of our investment securities are generally shorter than their stated contractual maturities. The actual maturities of our Agency and high credit quality non-Agency RMBS are primarily affected by principal prepayments and to a lesser degree the contractual lives of the underlying mortgages and periodic contractual principal repayments. The actual maturities of our credit-oriented investments are primarily impacted by their contractual lives and default and loss recovery rates. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the weighted average expected constant prepayment rate (“CPR”) over the remaining life of our Agency and high credit quality non-Agency RMBS investment portfolio was 6.7 % and 9.6 %, respectively. Our estimates can differ materially for different securities and thus our individual holdings have a wide range of projected CPRs. The following table summarizes our investments as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 according to their estimated weighted average life classification (dollars in millions):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated Weighted Average Life of Investment Securities 1 | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Coupon | Weighted Average Yield | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Coupon | Weighted Average Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 3 years | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 3 years and ≤ 5 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 5 years and ≤ 10 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 10 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Table excludes other mortgage credit investments of $72 million and $70 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
The following table presents the gross unrealized loss and fair values of securities classified as available-for-sale by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in millions):
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| Unrealized Loss Position For | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 12 Months | 12 Months or More | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Classified as Available-for-Sale | Fair Value | Unrealized Loss | Fair Value | Unrealized Loss | Fair Value | Unrealized Loss | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains and Losses on Sale of Investment Securities
The following table is a summary of our net gain (loss) from the sale of investment securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 by investment classification of accounting (in millions):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Securities | Available-for-Sale Securities 2 | Fair Value Option Securities | Total | Available-for-Sale Securities 2 | Fair Value Option Securities | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities sold, at cost | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from investment securities sold 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross gain on sale of investment securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross loss on sale of investment securities | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Securities | Available-for-Sale Securities 2,3 | Fair Value Option Securities | Total | Available-for-Sale Securities 2,3 | Fair Value Option Securities | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities sold, at cost | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from investment securities sold 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross gain on sale of investment securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross loss on sale of investment securities | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Proceeds include cash received during the period, plus receivable for investment securities sold during the period as of period end.
2.See Note 9 for a summary of changes in accumulated OCI.
3.During the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, we received principal repayments on available-for-sale securities of $333 million and $408 million, respectively.
Note 4. Repurchase Agreements and Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase Agreements
We pledge our securities as collateral under our borrowings structured as repurchase agreements with financial institutions. Amounts available to be borrowed are dependent upon the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral, which fluctuates with changes in interest rates, type of security, and liquidity conditions within the banking, mortgage finance and real estate industries. If the fair value of our pledged securities declines, lenders will typically require us to post additional collateral or pay down borrowings to re-establish agreed upon collateral requirements, referred to as “margin calls.” Similarly, if the fair value of our pledged securities increases, lenders may release collateral back to us. As of September 30, 2026, we had met all margin call requirements. For additional information regarding our pledged assets, please refer to Note 6.
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $96.7 billion and $85.3 billion, respectively, of repurchase agreements outstanding used to fund our investment portfolio and temporary holdings of U.S. Treasury securities. The terms and conditions of our repurchase agreements are typically negotiated on a transaction-by-transaction basis or subject to a tri-
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party repo agreement. The following table summarizes our borrowings under repurchase agreements by their remaining maturities as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (dollars in millions):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Remaining Maturity | Repurchase Agreements | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Weighted Average Days to Maturity | Repurchase Agreements | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Weighted Average Days to Maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Securities Repo: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 1 month | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 1 to ≤ 3 months | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Investment Securities Repo | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury Repo: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 1 month | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Repo | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, $39.8 billion and $27.5 billion, respectively, of our investment securities repurchase agreements and $11.0 billion and $10.9 billion, respectively, of our U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements had an overnight maturity of one business day and none of our repurchase agreements were due on demand. As of September 30, 2026, we had $31.7 billion of forward commitments to enter into repurchase agreements with a weighted average forward start date of 1 day and a weighted average interest rate of 3.95 %. As of December 31, 2025, we had $24.7 billion of forward commitments to enter into repurchase agreements, with a weighted average forward start date of 2 days and a weighted average interest rate of 3.81 %. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 59 % and 57 %, respectively, of our repurchase agreement funding was sourced through our wholly-owned captive broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC (“BES”). Amounts sourced through BES include funding from the General Collateral Finance Repo service (“GCF Repo”) offered by the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”), which totaled 43 % and 44 % of our repurchase agreement funding outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Note 5. Derivative and Other Hedging Instruments
For the periods presented, our interest rate based hedges primarily consisted of interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. We also utilized forward contracts consisting of TBA securities, for the purchase and sale of Agency RMBS. For additional information regarding our derivative instruments and our overall risk management strategy, please refer to the discussion of derivative and other hedging instruments in Note 2.
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Derivative and Other Hedging Instrument Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value
The table below summarizes fair value information about our derivative and other hedging instrument assets/(liabilities) as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in millions):
| Derivative and Other Hedging Instruments | Balance Sheet Location | September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps 1 | Derivative assets, at fair value | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Swaptions | Derivative assets, at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities | Derivative assets, at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures - long | Derivative assets, at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures - short | Derivative assets, at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||
Total derivative assets, at fair value | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps 1 | Derivative liabilities, at fair value | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities | Derivative liabilities, at fair value | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures - long | Derivative liabilities, at fair value | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps 1 | Derivative liabilities, at fair value | |||||||||||||||||||
Total derivative liabilities, at fair value | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - long | U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - short | Obligation to return securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements, at fair value | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
Total U.S. Treasury securities, net at fair value | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our derivative and other hedging instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (dollars in millions):
| Pay Fixed / Receive Variable Interest Rate Swaps | September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Years to Maturity | Notional Amount | Average Fixed Pay Rate | Average Variable Receive Rate 1 | Average Maturity (Years) | Notional Amount | Average Fixed Pay Rate | Average Variable Receive Rate 1 | Average Maturity (Years) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 1 year | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 1 to ≤ 3 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 3 to ≤ 5 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 5 to ≤ 7 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 7 to ≤ 10 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 10 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.As of September 30, 2026, 98 % and 2 % of notional amount receive index references SOFR and OIS, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, 95 % and 5 % of notional amount receive index references SOFR and OIS, respectively.
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| Receiver Swaptions | Option | Underlying Receiver Swap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Option Expiration Date | Cost Basis | Fair Value | Average Months to Option Expiration Date | Notional Amount | Average Fixed Receive Rate 1 | Average Term (Years) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2026 | ≤ 1 year | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ≤ 1 year | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Pay index references SOFR.
U.S. Treasury Securities 1 | September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Years to Maturity | Face Amount Long/(Short) | Cost Basis | Fair Value | Face Amount Long/(Short) | Cost Basis | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 5 years | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 5 to ≤ 7 years | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 7 to ≤ 10 years | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 10 years | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total U.S. Treasury securities, net | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
U.S. Treasury Futures1 | September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Years to Maturity | Notional Amount Long (Short) | Cost Basis | Fair Value | Net Carrying Value 2 | Notional Amount Long (Short) | Cost Basis | Fair Value | Net Carrying Value 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 5 years | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 5 to ≤ 7 years | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 7 to ≤ 10 years | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 10 years | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total U.S. Treasury futures, net | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, short U.S. Treasury futures totaled $(7.4 ) billion and $(3.7 ) billion, at fair value, respectively. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, long U.S. Treasury futures totaled $6.9 billion and $5.2 billion, at fair value, respectively.
16
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TBA Securities by Coupon | Notional Amount Long (Short) | Cost Basis | Fair Value | Net Carrying Value 1 | Notional Amount Long (Short) | Cost Basis | Fair Value | Net Carrying Value 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15-Year TBA securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 4.5% | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total 15-Year TBA securities | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year TBA securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 3.0% | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5% | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.0% | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.5% | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.0% | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 6.5% | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total 30-Year TBA securities, net | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total TBA securities, net | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
Gain (Loss) From Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net
The following table summarizes changes in our derivative and other hedge portfolio and their effect on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (in millions):
17
| Derivative and Other Hedging Instruments | Beginning Notional Amount | Additions | Settlement, Termination, Expiration or Exercise | Ending Notional Amount | Gain/(Loss) on Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2026: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities, net | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps - payer | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps - buy protection | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receiver swaptions | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - short position | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - long position | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures contracts - long position | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2025: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities, net | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps - payer | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payer swaptions | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receiver Swaptions | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - short position | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - long position | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine months ended September 30, 2026: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities, net | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps - payer | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps - buy protection | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receiver swaptions | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - short position | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - long position | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures contracts - long position | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine months ended September 30, 2025: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities, net | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps - payer | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payer swaptions | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receiver swaptions | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - short position | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - long position | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position | $ | ( | ( | $ | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures contracts - long position | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Amounts exclude other miscellaneous gains and losses and other interest income (expense) recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
18
Note 6. Pledged Assets
Our funding agreements require us to fully collateralize our obligations based on our counterparties’ collateral requirements and their determination of the fair value of the securities pledged, which fluctuates with changes in interest rates, credit spreads, liquidity, and overall market conditions.
Bilateral funding agreements typically include a “haircut,” or discount applied to the market value of pledged collateral, which reflects the risk characteristics of the underlying securities. Haircuts are determined on a transaction-specific basis and are not contractually fixed under the applicable Master Repurchase Agreement.
Margin requirements for centrally cleared repurchase agreements executed through the FICC are determined in accordance with the FICC’s clearing rules. These include an initial margin requirement, calculated daily using a Value-at-Risk (“VaR”) model, which takes into account any offsetting risk sensitivities of positions such as repos and reverse repos and is intended to protect the FICC against potential future exposure from a member default. The FICC also imposes variation margin based on amounts borrowed plus accrued interest, adjusted daily for fluctuations in collateral value, which is intended to cover our current repo exposure. Initial margin posted to the FICC may also be mutualized, meaning it can be used to absorb losses from the default of another clearing member, subject to applicable caps and withdrawal provisions.
We are also required to post collateral under our derivative agreements. These agreements typically require the posting of initial margin at inception and the daily exchange of variation margin as market values change. Initial margin for derivatives is generally based on counterparty risk models, including VaR-based approaches, and is intended to cover potential future exposure in the event of a default. Variation margin reflects current exposure and serves to settle gains and losses on a daily basis.
Our funding and derivative agreements expose us to credit risk in the event a counterparty fails to perform its obligations. We seek to mitigate this risk by actively monitoring our collateral positions and limiting our counterparties to registered clearinghouses and regulated financial institutions, including banks and broker-dealers (both bank affiliated and independent) with acceptable credit ratings. In the event of a counterparty default, we may experience delays or losses in recovering pledged collateral or receiving payments due. We believe the credit risk associated with centrally cleared transactions is limited by the clearinghouses’ daily margin practices, mutualized loss protections, designations as systemically important financial market utilities, and other risk management safeguards.
As of September 30, 2026, our maximum amount at risk with any counterparty related to our repurchase agreements (i.e., the excess/shortfall of the value of collateral pledged/received over our repurchase agreement liabilities/reverse repurchase agreement receivables), excluding the FICC, was less than 2 % of our tangible stockholders’ equity. As of September 30, 2026, less than 14 % of our tangible stockholders’ equity was at risk with the FICC.
19
Assets Pledged to Counterparties
The following tables summarize our assets pledged as collateral under our funding, derivative and brokerage and clearing agreements by type, including securities pledged related to securities sold but not yet settled, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in millions):
| September 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1 | Repurchase Agreements | Debt of Consolidated VIEs | Derivative Agreements and Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency RMBS - fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CRT - fair value | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency - fair value | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities - fair value | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued interest on pledged securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets Pledged to Counterparties 1 | Repurchase Agreements 2 | Debt of Consolidated VIEs | Derivative Agreements and Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency RMBS - fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CRT - fair value | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency - fair value | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities - fair value | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued interest on pledged securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Includes repledged assets received as collateral from counterparties and securities sold but not yet settled.
The following table summarizes our securities pledged as collateral under our repurchase agreements by the remaining maturity of our borrowings, including securities pledged related to sold but not yet settled securities, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in millions). For the corresponding borrowings associated with the following amounts and the interest rates thereon, refer to Note 4.
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Pledged by Remaining Maturity of Repurchase Agreements | Fair Value of Pledged Securities | Amortized Cost of Pledged Securities | Accrued Interest on Pledged Securities | Fair Value of Pledged Securities 1 | Amortized Cost of Pledged Securities | Accrued Interest on Pledged Securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 1 month | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 1 and ≤ 2 months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 2 and ≤ 3 months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 3 months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Includes $30 million of retained interests in our consolidated VIEs pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements as of December 31, 2025.
Assets Pledged from Counterparties
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had assets pledged to us from counterparties as collateral under our reverse repurchase and derivative agreements summarized in the tables below (in millions).
20
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets Pledged to AGNC | Reverse Repurchase Agreements | Derivative Agreements | Repurchase Agreements | Total | Reverse Repurchase Agreements | Derivative Agreements | Repurchase Agreements | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency securities - fair value | $ | — | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | — | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities - fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Certain of our repurchase agreements and derivative transactions are governed by underlying agreements that generally provide for a right of setoff under master netting arrangements (or similar agreements), including in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. We present our assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. The following tables present information about our assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting arrangements and can potentially be offset on our consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in millions):
| Offsetting of Financial and Derivative Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | Net Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Instruments | Collateral Received 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value 1 | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TBA securities, at fair value 1 | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value 1 | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TBA securities, at fair value 1 | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivable under reverse repurchase agreements | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Offsetting of Financial and Derivative Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | Net Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Instruments | Collateral Pledged 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TBA securities, at fair value 1 | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TBA securities, at fair value 1 | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Reported under derivative assets / liabilities, at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 5 for a reconciliation of derivative assets / liabilities, at fair value to their sub-components.
21
Note 7. Fair Value Measurements
The following table provides a summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, based on their categorization within the valuation hierarchy (in millions). There were no transfers between valuation hierarchy levels during the periods presented in our accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency securities | $ | — | $ | $ | — | $ | — | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency securities transferred to consolidated VIEs | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit risk transfer securities | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency securities | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps 1 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaptions | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury futures | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt of consolidated VIEs | $ | — | $ | $ | — | $ | — | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligation to return U.S. Treasury securities borrowed under reverse repurchase agreements | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps 1 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the net fair value of our interest rate swaps excluding the recognition of variation margin settlements as a direct reduction of carrying value was a net asset of $4.2 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, based on “Level 2” inputs. As of September 30, 2026, the net fair value of our credit default swaps excluding the recognition of variation margin settlements was a net liability of $9 million based on “Level 2” inputs. See Notes 2 and 5 for additional details.
Note 8. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share
Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing (i) net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders by (ii) the sum of our weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted-average number of vested but not yet issued time- and performance-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that were outstanding during the period, which were granted under our long-term incentive program to employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors (the “Board”). Diluted net income (loss) per common share assumes the issuance of all potential common stock equivalents unless doing so would reduce a loss or increase income per common share. Our potential common stock equivalents consist of unvested time- and performance-based RSUs. The following table presents the computations of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the periods indicated (shares and dollars in millions):
22
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of fully vested restricted stock units outstanding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of dilutive unvested restricted stock units outstanding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share - basic | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share - diluted | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, 4.6 million and 4.5 million, respectively, of potentially dilutive unvested time- and performance-based RSUs outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per common share because inclusion of such RSUs would have otherwise been anti-dilutive for the period.
Note 9. Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock
We are authorized to designate and issue up to 10.0 million shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 13,800 , 10,350 , 16,100 , 23,000 , 6,900 and 13,800 shares of preferred stock were designated as 7.00 % Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 6.875 % Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 6.50 % Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 6.125 % Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 7.75 % Series G Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and 8.75 % Series H Fixed-Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, respectively (referred to as “Series C, D, E, F, G and H Preferred Stock,” respectively). As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 13,000 , 9,400 , 16,100 , 23,000 , 6,000 and 13,800 shares of Series C, D, E, F, G and H Preferred Stock, respectively, were issued and outstanding. Each share of preferred stock is represented by 1,000 depositary shares. Each share of preferred stock has a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share ($25 per depositary share).
Our preferred stock ranks senior to our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. Our preferred stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and each series of preferred stock ranks on parity with one another. Under certain circumstances upon a change of control, our preferred stock is convertible to shares of our common stock. Holders of our preferred stock and depositary shares underlying our preferred stock have no voting rights, except under limited conditions. Beginning on each series’ optional redemption date, we may redeem shares at $25.00 per depositary share, plus accumulated and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared), exclusively at our option.
The following table includes a summary of preferred stock depositary shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2026 (dollars and shares in millions):
| Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock | Issue Date | Depositary Shares Issued and Outstanding | Carrying Value | Aggregate Liquidation Preference | Per Annum Dividend Rate 1,2 | First Optional Redemption Date / Conversion Date 2,3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-to-Floating Rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series C | August 22, 2017 | $ | $ | 9.16547% | October 15, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series D | March 6, 2019 | 8.38647% | April 15, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series E | October 3, 2019 | 9.04747% | October 15, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series F | February 11, 2020 | 8.75147% | April 15, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-Rate Reset: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series G | September 14, 2022 | 7.75000% | October 15, 2027 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-Rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series H | September 10, 2025 | 8.75000% | October 15, 2030 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.The depositary shares underlying our preferred stock accrue dividends on the $25.00 liquidation preference per depositary share from the issuance date until they are redeemed in accordance with their terms. The per annum dividend rates for the depositary shares underlying the Series C, D, E and F Preferred Stock represent the rates in effect as of September 30, 2026, and are reset quarterly. The depositary shares underlying the Series G
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Preferred Stock accrue dividends at an initial annual fixed rate until the fixed-rate-reset conversion date, after which dividends on these depositary shares accrue on a fixed-rate-reset basis equal to the conversion rate plus a fixed spread. The depositary shares underlying the Series H Preferred Stock accrue dividends at a fixed rate.
2.The Series C, D, E and F dividends accrue at a rate equal to the 3-Month CME Term SOFR plus 0.26161%, plus spreads of 5.111 %, 4.332 %, 4.993 % and 4.697 %, respectively, per annum, resetting quarterly in accordance with the certificate of designations for such series and the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act of 2021 (the “LIBOR Act”). At the conclusion of the fixed rate period for the Series G Preferred Stock, the dividend will accrue at a floating rate equal to the 5-Year U.S. Treasury rate plus a spread of 4.39 % per annum and will reset in accordance with the certificate of designations for such series.
At-the-Market Offering Program
We are authorized by our Board of Directors to enter into agreements with sales agents to publicly offer and sell shares of our common stock in privately negotiated and/or at-the-market transactions from time to time, up to a maximum aggregate offering price. As of September 30, 2026, shares of our common stock with an aggregate offering price of $1.1 billion remained authorized for issuance under this program through December 31, 2027. The following table includes a summary of shares of our common stock issued under the sales agreements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (in millions, except for per share data).
| ATM Offerings | Average Price Received Per Share, Net | Shares | Net Proceeds | |||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended: | ||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Nine months ended: | ||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning Balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
OCI before reclassifications | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (gain) loss amounts for available-for-sale securities reclassified from accumulated OCI to realized gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending Balance | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note 10. Segment Reporting
Our investment portfolio consists primarily of Agency RMBS, and we fund our investments primarily through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. As part of our operations, we are exposed to market risks, including interest rate, prepayment, extension, spread, and credit risks.
Our portfolio is managed as a whole, with investment and hedging decisions assessed collectively by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The CODM, represented by our Chief Executive Officer with the support of our Executive Management Committee, allocates resources and evaluates financial performance by considering the market risks identified above. The CODM also considers factors such as total assets and repurchase agreements outstanding, as reported on the consolidated balance sheet; our TBA position, as disclosed in Note 5. Derivative and Other Hedging Instruments; our ability to hedge certain risks; and our intention to qualify as a REIT. Consequently, the Company operates as a single reportable segment, as reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes.
The CODM assesses performance using comprehensive income (loss), as reported on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive income (loss) is a key determinant of the Company’s economic return, calculated as the change in tangible stockholders’ equity attributable to common stockholders plus common stock dividends declared, divided by the prior period’s ending tangible stockholders’ equity attributable to common stockholders, each computed on a per common share basis. This measure is used to monitor actual results, benchmark performance against peers, and inform
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management’s compensation. The CODM also evaluates consolidated expense information, including interest expense, compensation and benefits, and other operating expenses, as significant metrics in decision-making.
Note 11. Subsequent Event
Common Stock Repurchase Program
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a reader of AGNC Investment Corp.’s consolidated financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2026. Our MD&A is presented in the following sections:
•Executive Overview
•Financial Condition
•Results of Operations
•Liquidity and Capital Resources
•Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
•Forward-Looking Statements
•Website and Social Media Disclosure
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
We are a leading provider of private capital to the U.S. housing market, enhancing liquidity in the residential real estate mortgage markets and, in turn, facilitating home ownership in the U.S. We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“Agency RMBS”) on a leveraged basis. These investments consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise, such as Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac,” and together with Fannie Mae, the “GSEs”), or by a U.S. Government agency, such as Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). We may also invest in Agency multifamily MBS that are similarly guaranteed by a GSE and in other assets related to the housing, mortgage or real estate markets that are not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency.
We are internally managed with the principal objective of generating favorable long-term stockholder returns with a substantial yield component. We generate income from the interest earned on our investments, net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities. We fund our investments primarily through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. We operate in a manner to qualify to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code.
We employ an active management strategy that is dynamic and responsive to evolving market conditions. The composition of our portfolio and our investment, funding, and hedging strategies are tailored to reflect our analysis of market conditions and the relative values of available options. Market conditions are influenced by a variety of factors, including interest rates, prepayment expectations, liquidity, housing prices, unemployment rates, general economic conditions, government participation in the mortgage market, regulations and relative returns on other assets.
Trends and Recent Market Impacts
Market Trends
Fixed income markets experienced significant pressure during the third quarter of 2026, particularly in the final weeks of September, as a confluence of adverse developments caused investor sentiment to turn decidedly bearish, interest rates to increase sharply, and interest rate volatility to spike. Instability in the U.S. Treasury market drove pronounced weakness in the Agency RMBS market, and Agency RMBS was the worst performing sector of the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index during the quarter. Consistent with the material underperformance of our underlying asset class, AGNC's economic return on tangible common equity per share was -12.7% for the third quarter.1
The challenging fixed income environment was driven by a number of negative catalysts, including substantial monetary policy uncertainty, mixed inflation data, historically high levels of corporate debt issuance, heightened geopolitical risk, elevated energy prices associated with the conflict in the Middle East, and stronger-than-expected domestic economic growth. Monetary policy uncertainty was potentially the most significant of these factors. At the Jackson Hole Economic Symposium in August, Federal Reserve (“Fed”) Chairman Warsh signaled a more restrictive policy stance, and the Fed raised the federal funds rate by 25 basis points at its September meeting, its first increase since 2023. Although Chairman Warsh characterized the increase as the removal of a “dose of accommodation,” the market's subsequent repricing of monetary policy expectations was considerably sharper. In late February 2026, federal funds futures reflected the expectation of three rate cuts by year-end, consistent with the Fed's own projections and its gradual progression toward a neutral policy stance. Following the September
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rate increase, however, federal funds futures priced in four additional rate increases by mid-2027, representing a 200-basis-point increase in the expected path of monetary policy over a very short period of time.
Against this backdrop, the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury increased 82 basis points during the quarter to 5.29%, with 54 basis points of that increase occurring in September. A quarterly increase of that magnitude has occurred on only four other occasions over the last 30 years. This weakness in the U.S. Treasury market extended to other fixed income asset classes, as evidenced by the approximately -3.5% total return of the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index for the third quarter.
Agency RMBS Performance Drivers
As is often the case when U.S. Treasury yields rise sharply, Agency RMBS experienced greater weakness than other fixed income sectors during the third quarter. The Bloomberg U.S. Mortgage Backed Securities Index (the “Agency MBS Index”) generated a total return of approximately -4.25% for the quarter and, on a duration-matched basis, underperformed U.S. Treasuries by nearly 120 basis points. Since 2010, the Agency MBS Index has underperformed U.S. Treasuries by a wider margin in only two other quarters: the third quarter of 2022, when the Fed raised short-term interest rates by 150 basis points while rapidly reducing its balance sheet, and the third quarter of 2011, when the S&P 500 Index declined 14% and the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield fell below 2%.
Agency RMBS underperformance was fairly uniform across the coupon stack, with negative excess returns by coupon, as measured by the Agency MBS Index, ranging from 110 to 140 basis points. Middle-coupon securities modestly underperformed lower-coupon securities, which benefited from limited supply and bond fund inflows, and higher-coupon securities, which experienced sharply reduced prepayment risk as interest rates moved higher. At quarter-end, the spread differential between current-coupon Agency RMBS and a blend of hedges was approximately 165 basis points against the swap curve and 135 basis points against the Treasury curve, in each case approximately 20 basis points higher than at June 30, 2026, placing Agency RMBS spreads near the upper end of their multi-year trading range.
Market Outlook
Despite the challenging environment, we believe there are a number of reasons for optimism in the outlook for Agency RMBS once interest rate volatility subsides. First, the return profile of Agency RMBS is considerably more attractive at current valuation levels. At quarter-end, the yield on a new production current-coupon Agency RMBS was approximately 6.4%, which, for a security backed by the support of the U.S. government, should appeal to a broad range of investors. For hedged investors, the return opportunity is also compelling, with spreads to benchmark rates ending the quarter near the upper end of their multi-year trading range. Agency RMBS also appear increasingly attractive relative to investment grade corporate debt.
Second, mortgage cash flows have become more stable. As interest rates increase, the duration of Agency RMBS also increases, reflecting the extension risk inherent in mortgage-backed securities. At a certain rate level, however, mortgage durations plateau and become relatively insensitive to further rate increases. Given the magnitude of the increase in interest rates during the third quarter, we believe that inflection point has largely been reached and that the vast majority of the duration extension in the mortgage universe has already occurred. Prepayment risk has also diminished. With the primary mortgage rate meaningfully above the average note rate of the outstanding mortgage universe, less than 2% of outstanding Agency RMBS has a refinance incentive of 50 basis points or more, and a one percentage point decline in mortgage rates would increase that share to only approximately 10%.
Third, supply and demand technicals continue to support favorable Agency RMBS performance once interest rate volatility subsides. With the 30-year primary mortgage rate near 7.4% at quarter-end and seasonal factors that typically slow origination activity late in the year, the supply of new Agency RMBS for the remainder of 2026 and into 2027 is expected to be materially lower than previously anticipated. At the same time, we expect demand for Agency RMBS to remain steady, supported by strong bond fund inflows, the finalization of bank capital rules, the reemergence of the GSEs as purchasers, and increased participation from other investors seeking to take advantage of attractive return opportunities in the Agency RMBS market.
Taken together, we believe these conditions should benefit Agency RMBS performance over time. Interest rate volatility and macroeconomic uncertainty, however, are likely to remain elevated over the near term, and Agency RMBS performance will likely remain sensitive to that backdrop.
Portfolio and Summary Financial Highlights
AGNC generated a total comprehensive loss of $1.28 per diluted common share and an economic return on tangible common equity per share of -12.7% for the third quarter, consisting of $0.36 of dividends declared per common share and a $1.45 decrease in tangible net book value per common share, due to the underperformance of our Agency RMBS assets relative
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to our interest rate hedges. This compares to total comprehensive income of $0.52 per diluted common share and an economic return of 6.7% for the second quarter of 2026. For the first nine months of 2026, AGNC had a total comprehensive loss of $0.98 per diluted common share and an economic return of -7.5% on tangible common equity, consisting of $1.08 of dividends declared per common share and a $1.75 decrease in tangible net book value per common share.
Net spread and dollar roll income (a non-GAAP measure) was $0.37 per diluted common share for the third quarter, compared to $0.40 in the prior quarter. The decrease primarily reflects a 14-basis-point decline in our net interest spread to 1.86%, as higher funding costs more than offset higher asset yields and, to a lesser extent, a modest earnings drag associated with the timing of deployment of newly raised equity capital.
During the third quarter, AGNC was added to the S&P MidCap 400 Index. The announcement and subsequent index rebalancing activity drove elevated trading volume in our common stock, and we took advantage of this liquidity to issue 97.6 million shares of common stock at a significant premium to our tangible net book value per common share through our At-the-Market (“ATM”) offering program for net proceeds of $992 million.
At September 30, 2026, our investment portfolio, inclusive of TBAs, totaled $94.4 billion, compared to $97.2 billion as of June 30, 2026, as the decline in asset valuations more than offset growth of approximately $2.5 billion in our portfolio on a cost basis. During the third quarter, we purchased primarily intermediate-coupon specified pools and shifted the coupon composition of our portfolio higher given the more attractive yield profile of that segment of the market. As a result, the weighted average coupon of our fixed-rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities increased to 5.13% from 5.04% as of June 30, 2026, while the portion of our fixed-rate portfolio with favorable prepayment attributes (“specified pools”)2 increased to 83% from 79% as of June 30, 2026. In addition to providing call protection in declining rate scenarios, certain specified pools can also provide extension protection in rising rate scenarios through seasoning and faster borrower turnover.
The average projected life Constant Prepayment Rate (“CPR”) for our portfolio declined to 6.7% at quarter-end from 8.6% as of June 30, 2026, consistent with higher interest rates. Actual CPRs averaged 8.2% during the quarter, compared to 13.0% in the prior quarter.
At September 30, 2026, “at risk” leverage was 7.9x tangible equity, compared to 7.4x as of June 30, 2026, while average leverage for the quarter was 7.6x, compared to 7.4x for the second quarter. AGNC ended the quarter with $6.3 billion of unencumbered cash and Agency RMBS, representing 57% of tangible equity, compared to $7.5 billion and 62%, respectively, at June 30, 2026.
At September 30, 2026, our hedge ratio was 97%, reflecting the level of interest rate swap and U.S. Treasury hedges (excluding option-based hedges) relative to total funding liabilities, compared to 82% as of June 30, 2026. The increase primarily reflects the addition of longer-term U.S. Treasury-based hedges, consistent with our decision to offset nearly all of the duration extension of our asset portfolio during the quarter as it occurred. Our net short U.S. Treasury position totaled $11.1 billion as of September 30, 2026, compared to $2.1 billion as of June 30, 2026.
The notional balance of our interest rate swaps increased to $74.6 billion, representing 85% of our funding liabilities as of September 30, 2026, compared to $73.8 billion and 83%, respectively, as of June 30, 2026. Our duration gap, which measures the estimated difference between the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities, including hedges, was 0.8 years as of quarter-end, compared to 0.7 years as of June 30, 2026. At current interest rate levels, the duration of our asset portfolio is close to fully extended and, as such, should be relatively insensitive to further rate increases.
For information regarding non-GAAP financial measures, including reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measure, please refer to Results of Operations included in this MD&A below. For information regarding the sensitivity of our tangible net book value per common share to changes in interest rates and mortgage spreads, please refer to Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in this Form 10-Q .
________________________________
1.Economic return represents the sum of the change in tangible net book value per common share and dividends declared per share of common stock during the period over beginning tangible net book value per common share.
2.Specified pools include pools backed by loans with characteristics related to loan size, borrower credit profiles, loan-to-value ratios, geographic concentrations, occupancy types, seasoning and other characteristics that are expected to result in more favorable prepayment behavior than generic TBA-deliverable pools.
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Market Information
The following table summarizes benchmark interest rates and prices of generic fixed rate Agency RMBS as of each date presented below:
Interest Rate/Security Price 1 | Sept. 30, 2025 | Dec. 31, 2025 | Mar. 31, 2026 | June 30, 2026 | Sept. 30, 2026 | Sept. 30, 2026 vs June 30, 2026 | Sept. 30, 2026 vs Dec. 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Target Federal Funds Rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Target Federal Funds Rate - Upper Band | 4.25% | 3.75% | 3.75% | 3.75% | 4.00% | +25 | bps | +25 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOFR: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOFR Rate | 4.24% | 3.87% | 3.68% | 3.68% | 3.90% | +22 | bps | +3 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOFR Interest Rate Swap Rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2-Year Swap | 3.40% | 3.31% | 3.62% | 4.02% | 4.75% | +73 | bps | +144 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5-Year Swap | 3.39% | 3.46% | 3.62% | 3.93% | 4.81% | +88 | bps | +135 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10-Year Swap | 3.66% | 3.80% | 3.87% | 4.05% | 4.90% | +85 | bps | +110 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30-Year Swap | 3.93% | 4.17% | 4.13% | 4.21% | 4.96% | +75 | bps | +79 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury Security Rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2-Year U.S. Treasury | 3.61% | 3.48% | 3.80% | 4.18% | 4.89% | +71 | bps | +141 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5-Year U.S. Treasury | 3.74% | 3.73% | 3.94% | 4.23% | 5.09% | +86 | bps | +136 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10-Year U.S. Treasury | 4.15% | 4.17% | 4.32% | 4.47% | 5.29% | +82 | bps | +112 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30-Year U.S. Treasury | 4.73% | 4.85% | 4.91% | 4.95% | 5.63% | +68 | bps | +78 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2.5% | $84.25 | $84.63 | $84.16 | $83.71 | $77.74 | -$5.97 | -$6.89 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3.0% | $87.85 | $88.50 | $87.97 | $87.40 | $81.37 | -$6.03 | -$7.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3.5% | $91.40 | $92.53 | $91.67 | $90.95 | $84.59 | -$6.36 | -$7.94 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4.0% | $94.27 | $94.95 | $94.28 | $93.63 | $87.08 | -$6.55 | -$7.87 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5% | $97.02 | $97.70 | $96.48 | $96.02 | $89.72 | -$6.30 | -$7.98 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.0% | $99.19 | $99.83 | $98.59 | $98.41 | $92.50 | -$5.91 | -$7.33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.5% | $100.84 | $101.45 | $100.44 | $100.44 | $95.28 | -$5.16 | -$6.17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.0% | $102.16 | $102.69 | $101.91 | $102.23 | $97.96 | -$4.27 | -$4.73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.5% | $103.34 | $103.94 | $103.44 | $103.46 | $100.47 | -$2.99 | -$3.47 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7.0% | $104.59 | $105.19 | $105.17 | $105.60 | $102.39 | -$3.21 | -$2.80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.5% | $89.48 | $90.39 | $89.84 | $89.19 | $86.02 | -$3.17 | -$4.37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.0% | $91.97 | $92.52 | $91.86 | $91.20 | $88.08 | -$3.12 | -$4.44 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2.5% | $94.05 | $94.55 | $94.38 | $93.60 | $89.76 | -$3.84 | -$4.79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3.0% | $95.83 | $96.23 | $95.42 | $94.57 | $90.81 | -$3.76 | -$5.42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3.5% | $96.89 | $97.23 | $96.22 | $95.38 | $90.81 | -$4.57 | -$6.42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4.0% | $98.36 | $98.67 | $97.57 | $97.24 | $92.67 | -$4.57 | -$6.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5% | $99.89 | $100.06 | $99.23 | $98.88 | $94.63 | -$4.25 | -$5.43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.0% | $101.06 | $101.27 | $100.69 | $100.45 | $96.80 | -$3.65 | -$4.47 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.5% | $102.22 | $102.51 | $101.91 | $101.61 | $98.73 | -$2.88 | -$3.78 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.0% | $103.26 | $103.78 | $103.07 | $102.69 | $100.31 | -$2.38 | -$3.47 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.Price information is for generic instruments only and is not reflective of our specific portfolio holdings. Price information is as of 3:00 p.m. (ET) on such date and can vary by source. Price information is sourced from Barclays. Interest rate information is sourced from Bloomberg.
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The following table summarizes mortgage and credit spreads as of each date presented below:
| Mortgage Rate/Credit Spread | Sept. 30, 2025 | Dec. 31, 2025 | Mar. 31, 2026 | June 30, 2026 | Sept. 30, 2026 | Sept. 30, 2026 vs June 30, 2026 | Sept. 30, 2026 vs Dec. 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage Rate: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 5-Year U.S. Treasury Spread | 146 | 131 | 144 | 118 | 135 | +17 | +4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 10-Year U.S. Treasury Spread | 105 | 87 | 106 | 94 | 115 | +21 | +28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 5/10-Year U.S. Treasury Spread | 126 | 110 | 124 | 107 | 125 | +18 | +15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 5/10-Year Swap Spread | 168 | 141 | 163 | 142 | 158 | +16 | +17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 2/5/10-Year U.S. Treasury Spread | 137 | 125 | 136 | 112 | 135 | +23 | +10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 2/5/10-Year Swap Spread | 172 | 152 | 168 | 141 | 162 | +21 | +10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield | 5.20% | 5.04% | 5.38% | 5.41% | 6.44% | +103 | bps | +140 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Mortgage Rate | 6.32% | 6.16% | 6.35% | 6.45% | 7.39% | +94 | bps | +123 | bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit Spread (in bps): 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRT M2 | 151 | 150 | 144 | 144 | 151 | +7 | +1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CMBS AAA | 77 | 78 | 80 | 71 | 75 | +4 | -3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDX IG | 52 | 50 | 63 | 51 | 60 | +9 | +10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDX HY | 318 | 314 | 383 | 303 | 338 | +35 | +24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.30-Year Current Coupon Yield represents the yield on new production Agency RMBS. 30-Year Current Coupon Yields are sourced from Bloomberg and 30-Year Mortgage Rates are sourced from Optimal Blue.
2.CRT and CDX spreads sourced from JP Morgan. CMBS spreads are the average of spreads sourced from Bank of America, JP Morgan and Wells Fargo.
30
FINANCIAL CONDITION
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our investment portfolio totaled $94.4 billion and $94.8 billion, respectively, consisting of: $91.4 billion and $81.1 billion Agency RMBS, at fair value, respectively; $2.4 billion and $13.0 billion net TBA securities, at fair value, respectively; $0.5 billion and $0.6 billion CRT, non-Agency RMBS and CMBS, at fair value, respectively; and other mortgage credit investments of $72 million and $70 million, respectively, which we account for under the equity method of accounting. The following table is a summary of our investment securities (including TBA securities) as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (dollars in millions):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Securities (Includes TBAs) 1 | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Average Coupon | % | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Average Coupon | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
≤ 15-year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 15-year RMBS | $ | 68 | $ | 64 | 3.43 | % | — | % | $ | 251 | $ | 248 | 4.47 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15-year TBA securities | 289 | 260 | 5.20 | % | — | % | 151 | 151 | 5.29 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total ≤ 15-year | 357 | 324 | 4.85 | % | — | % | 402 | 399 | 4.78 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20-year RMBS | 207 | 188 | 3.74 | % | — | % | 238 | 227 | 3.76 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30-year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-year RMBS | 92,656 | 86,622 | 5.07 | % | 92 | % | 77,154 | 77,008 | 5.19 | % | 81 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30-year TBA securities, net 2 | 2,149 | 2,108 | 8.33 | % | 2 | % | 12,766 | 12,837 | 4.72 | % | 14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total 30-year | 94,805 | 88,730 | 5.13 | % | 94 | % | 89,920 | 89,845 | 5.12 | % | 95 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities | 95,369 | 89,242 | 5.13 | % | 95 | % | 90,560 | 90,471 | 5.12 | % | 96 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustable rate Agency RMBS | 796 | 778 | 4.82 | % | 1 | % | 858 | 867 | 4.87 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Multifamily | 3,750 | 3,563 | 4.03 | % | 4 | % | 2,521 | 2,539 | 4.36 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CMO Agency RMBS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CMO | 73 | 69 | 3.25 | % | — | % | 85 | 83 | 3.27 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-only strips | 101 | 93 | 0.59 | % | — | % | 100 | 96 | 0.52 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal-only strips | 20 | 17 | — | % | — | % | 22 | 20 | — | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total CMO Agency RMBS 3 | 194 | 179 | 3.25 | % | — | % | 207 | 199 | 3.27 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Agency RMBS and TBA securities 3 | 100,109 | 93,762 | 5.08 | % | 99 | % | 94,146 | 94,076 | 5.09 | % | 99 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency RMBS 1,3 | 16 | 14 | 5.12 | % | — | % | 16 | 15 | 5.12 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CMBS 3 | 10 | 9 | 6.06 | % | — | % | 11 | 10 | 6.00 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CRT | 481 | 515 | 10.14 | % | 1 | % | 561 | 606 | 10.00 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total investment securities 3 | $ | 100,616 | $ | 94,300 | 5.11 | % | 100 | % | $ | 94,734 | $ | 94,707 | 5.12 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.Table excludes other mortgage credit investments of $72 million and $70 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
2.TBA securities are presented net of long and short positions. For further details of our TBA securities, refer to Note 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
3.Average coupon excludes interest-only and principal-only securities.
TBA securities are recorded as derivative instruments in our accompanying consolidated financial statements, and our TBA dollar roll transactions represent a form of off-balance sheet financing. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our TBA securities had a net carrying value of $(70) million and $71 million, respectively, reported in derivative assets/(liabilities) on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying value represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying security in the TBA contract and the price to be paid or received for the underlying security.
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the weighted average yield on our investment securities (excluding TBA securities) was 4.99% and 4.93%, respectively.
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The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our fixed rate Agency RMBS portfolio, inclusive of TBA securities, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (dollars in millions):
| September 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Includes Net TBA Position | Excludes Net TBA Position | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA Securities | Par Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Specified Pool % 1 | Weighted Average Coupon | Amortized Cost Basis | Weighted Average | Projected CPR 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yield 2 | Age (Months) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 15-year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.0% | $ | 26 | $ | 27 | $ | 23 | 100% | 2.00% | 102.3% | 1.36% | 69 | 8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.5% | 4 | 4 | 4 | 100% | 2.50% | 99.6% | 2.79% | 162 | 11% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.0% | 12 | 12 | 12 | 100% | 3.00% | 100.6% | 2.34% | 156 | 11% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5% | 3 | 3 | 3 | 100% | 3.50% | 100.7% | 2.63% | 156 | 11% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.0% | — | — | — | —% | —% | —% | —% | — | —% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 4.5% | 289 | 311 | 282 | 8% | 5.23% | 102.8% | 4.82% | 12 | 9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total ≤ 15-year | 334 | 357 | 324 | 20% | 4.85% | 101.9% | 2.82% | 75 | 9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20-year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.5% | 22 | 23 | 19 | 100% | 2.50% | 103.8% | 1.76% | 78 | 5% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.0% | 19 | 20 | 17 | 100% | 3.00% | 103.2% | 2.29% | 86 | 7% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5% | 66 | 67 | 63 | 81% | 3.50% | 101.4% | 2.97% | 156 | 10% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.0% | 43 | 44 | 40 | 99% | 4.00% | 103.3% | 3.09% | 112 | 9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 4.5% | 51 | 53 | 49 | 97% | 4.65% | 104.4% | 3.43% | 104 | 10% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total 20-year | 201 | 207 | 188 | 92% | 3.74% | 103.0% | 2.92% | 118 | 9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 3.0% | 3,484 | 3,164 | 2,751 | 64% | 2.54% | 95.7% | 3.07% | 63 | 6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5% | 3,229 | 3,343 | 2,832 | 100% | 3.50% | 103.6% | 2.90% | 129 | 6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.0% | 4,424 | 4,673 | 3,968 | 99% | 4.00% | 105.6% | 3.10% | 112 | 6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5% | 8,516 | 8,616 | 7,731 | 79% | 4.50% | 98.4% | 4.65% | 34 | 6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.0% | 28,062 | 27,921 | 26,150 | 87% | 5.00% | 99.0% | 5.13% | 18 | 6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.5% | 28,716 | 28,774 | 27,544 | 77% | 5.50% | 100.5% | 5.42% | 23 | 7% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.0% | 13,131 | 13,406 | 12,969 | 93% | 6.00% | 102.3% | 5.63% | 22 | 8% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 6.5% | 4,742 | 4,908 | 4,785 | 60% | 6.51% | 103.9% | 5.81% | 27 | 10% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total 30-year | 94,304 | 94,805 | 88,730 | 83% | 5.13% | 100.3% | 4.99% | 32 | 7% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed rate | $ | 94,839 | $ | 95,369 | $ | 89,242 | 83% | 5.13% | 100.3% | 4.98% | 32 | 7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Specified pools include pools backed by loans with characteristics related to loan size, borrower credit profiles, loan-to-value ratios, geographic concentrations, occupancy types, seasoning and other characteristics that are expected to result in more favorable prepayment behavior than generic TBA-deliverable pools.
2.Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of September 30, 2026.
32
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Includes Net TBA Position | Excludes Net TBA Position | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA Securities | Par Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Specified Pool % 1 | Weighted Average Coupon | Amortized Cost Basis | Weighted Average | Projected CPR 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yield 2 | Age (Months) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 15-year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 2.0% | $ | 29 | $ | 30 | $ | 27 | 100% | 2.00% | 102.3% | 1.34% | 60 | 10% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.5% | 7 | 7 | 7 | 100% | 2.50% | 99.6% | 2.79% | 154 | 20% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.0% | 20 | 20 | 20 | 100% | 3.00% | 100.7% | 2.37% | 148 | 18% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5% | 5 | 5 | 5 | 100% | 3.50% | 100.9% | 2.62% | 148 | 19% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.0% | 1 | 1 | 1 | 31% | 4.00% | 100.5% | 2.08% | 170 | 68% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5% | 333 | 339 | 339 | 8% | 5.20% | 101.5% | 4.66% | 2 | 16% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total ≤ 15-year | 395 | 402 | 399 | 21% | 4.78% | 101.4% | 3.98% | 29 | 16% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20-year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.5% | 23 | 24 | 21 | 100% | 2.50% | 104.0% | 1.75% | 69 | 6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.0% | 21 | 22 | 20 | 100% | 3.00% | 103.3% | 2.29% | 77 | 8% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5% | 78 | 79 | 77 | 81% | 3.50% | 101.5% | 2.97% | 147 | 10% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.0% | 49 | 51 | 49 | 94% | 4.00% | 103.4% | 3.09% | 103 | 9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 4.5% | 59 | 62 | 60 | 96% | 4.66% | 104.5% | 3.42% | 97 | 11% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total 20-year: | 230 | 238 | 227 | 91% | 3.76% | 103.1% | 2.93% | 110 | 9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 3.0% | 2,031 | 1,994 | 1,761 | 98% | 2.57% | 98.2% | 2.80% | 54 | 7% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.5% | 3,966 | 4,055 | 3,746 | 88% | 3.50% | 103.6% | 2.89% | 120 | 7% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.0% | 4,856 | 5,127 | 4,712 | 99% | 4.00% | 105.6% | 3.06% | 105 | 7% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5% | 11,943 | 11,923 | 11,744 | 50% | 4.50% | 102.1% | 4.11% | 55 | 8% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.0% | 24,827 | 24,616 | 24,919 | 64% | 5.00% | 99.1% | 5.13% | 20 | 7% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.5% | 22,593 | 22,719 | 23,136 | 87% | 5.50% | 100.6% | 5.40% | 19 | 9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.0% | 14,462 | 14,743 | 15,005 | 88% | 6.00% | 101.9% | 5.59% | 18 | 12% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 6.5% | 4,589 | 4,743 | 4,822 | 82% | 6.51% | 103.5% | 5.43% | 15 | 20% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total 30-year | 89,267 | 89,920 | 89,845 | 77% | 5.12% | 101.2% | 4.91% | 33 | 10% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed rate | $ | 89,892 | $ | 90,560 | $ | 90,471 | 76% | 5.12% | 101.2% | 4.91% | 34 | 10% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.See Note 1 of the preceding table for specified pool composition.
2.Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of December 31, 2025.
For additional details regarding our CRT and non-Agency securities, including credit ratings, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, please refer to Note 3 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to the results presented in accordance with GAAP, our results of operations discussed below include certain non-GAAP financial information, including “economic interest income,” “economic interest expense,” and “net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders” and the related per common share measures and certain financial metrics derived from such non-GAAP information.
“Economic interest income” is measured as interest income (GAAP measure), adjusted to (i) exclude retrospective “catch-up” adjustments to premium amortization cost associated with changes in projected CPR estimates and (ii) include TBA dollar roll implied interest income. “Economic interest expense” is measured as interest expense (GAAP measure) adjusted to include TBA dollar roll implied interest expense/benefit and interest rate swap periodic cost/income. “Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders” is measured as comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders (GAAP measure) adjusted to: (i) exclude gains/losses on investment securities recognized through net income and other comprehensive income and gains/losses on derivative instruments and other securities (GAAP measures); (ii) exclude retrospective “catch-up” adjustments to premium amortization cost associated with changes in projected CPR estimates; and (iii) include interest rate swap periodic income/cost, TBA dollar roll income and other interest income/expense. As defined, “Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders” includes (i) the components of “economic interest
33
income” and “economic interest expense”, plus (ii) other interest income/expense, and less (iii) total operating expenses and dividends on preferred stock (GAAP measures).
By providing such measures, in addition to the related GAAP measures, we believe we give greater transparency into the information used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. We also believe it is important for users of our financial information to consider information related to our current financial performance without the effects of certain measures and one-time events that are not necessarily indicative of our current investment portfolio performance and operations.
Specifically, with respect to “net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders” and its components, “economic interest income” and “economic interest expense,” we believe the inclusion of TBA dollar roll income is meaningful because TBAs, which are accounted for under GAAP as derivative instruments with gains and losses recognized in other gain (loss) in our consolidated statement of comprehensive income, are economically equivalent to holding and financing generic Agency RMBS using short-term repurchase agreements. Similarly, we believe that the inclusion of periodic interest rate swap settlements is meaningful because interest rate swaps are the primary instruments we use to economically hedge against fluctuations in our borrowing costs, and their inclusion is more indicative of our total cost of funds than interest expense alone. Additionally, we believe the exclusion of “catch-up” premium amortization adjustments is meaningful because it excludes the cumulative effect from prior reporting periods due to current changes in future prepayment expectations and, therefore, is more indicative of the current earnings potential of our investment portfolio.
However, because such measures are incomplete measures of our financial performance and involve differences from results computed in accordance with GAAP, they should be considered as supplementary to, and not as a substitute for, results computed in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of such non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
Selected Financial Data
The following selected financial data is derived from our interim consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the more detailed information contained in Item 1. Financial Statements and in this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (in millions, except per share amounts):
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Investment securities, at fair value of $91,932 and $81,719, respectively, and other mortgage credit investments | $ | 92,004 | $ | 81,789 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 133,432 | $ | 115,077 | ||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements and other debt | $ | 96,719 | $ | 85,342 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 121,872 | $ | 102,684 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 11,560 | $ | 12,393 | ||||||||||||||||
Net book value per common share 1 | $ | 7.55 | $ | 9.35 | ||||||||||||||||
Tangible net book value per common share 2 | $ | 7.13 | $ | 8.88 | ||||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Comprehensive Income Data (Unaudited) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 1,196 | $ | 903 | $ | 3,260 | $ | 2,579 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 794 | 755 | 2,234 | 2,110 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | 402 | 148 | 1,026 | 469 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other gain (loss), net | (1,731) | 688 | (1,785) | 333 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 28 | 30 | 92 | 86 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | (1,357) | 806 | (851) | 716 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | 45 | 42 | 133 | 115 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders | $ | (1,402) | $ | 764 | $ | (984) | $ | 601 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (1,357) | $ | 806 | $ | (851) | $ | 716 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net | (140) | 61 | (155) | 202 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | (1,497) | 867 | (1,006) | 918 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | 45 | 42 | 133 | 115 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders | $ | (1,542) | $ | 825 | $ | (1,139) | $ | 803 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic | 1,200.5 | 1,053.0 | 1,160.5 | 996.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted | 1,200.5 | 1,056.6 | 1,160.5 | 999.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share - basic | $ | (1.17) | $ | 0.73 | $ | (0.85) | $ | 0.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share - diluted | $ | (1.17) | $ | 0.72 | $ | (0.85) | $ | 0.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - basic | $ | (1.28) | $ | 0.78 | $ | (0.98) | $ | 0.81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - diluted | $ | (1.28) | $ | 0.78 | $ | (0.98) | $ | 0.80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 1.08 | $ | 1.08 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Data (Unaudited) * | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average investment securities - at par | $ | 91,467 | $ | 73,836 | $ | 85,894 | $ | 70,139 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average investment securities - at cost | $ | 91,905 | $ | 74,783 | $ | 86,725 | $ | 71,127 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average net TBA dollar roll position - at cost | $ | 6,809 | $ | 10,163 | $ | 9,947 | $ | 9,872 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average total assets - at fair value | $ | 125,227 | $ | 104,432 | $ | 119,718 | $ | 96,192 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average repurchase agreements and other debt outstanding 3 | $ | 82,362 | $ | 66,654 | $ | 78,203 | $ | 62,628 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average stockholders’ equity 4 | $ | 12,206 | $ | 10,732 | $ | 12,351 | $ | 10,275 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average tangible net book value “at risk” leverage 5 | 7.6:1 | 7.5:1 | 7.5:1 | 7.4:1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tangible net book value “at risk” leverage (as of period end) 6 | 7.9:1 | 7.6:1 | 7.9:1 | 7.6:1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic return on tangible common equity 7 | (12.7) | % | 10.6 | % | (7.5) | % | 11.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses % of average total assets - annualized | 0.09 | % | 0.11 | % | 0.10 | % | 0.12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses % of average assets, including average net TBA position - annualized | 0.08 | % | 0.10 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.11 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses % of average stockholders’ equity - annualized | 0.92 | % | 1.12 | % | 0.99 | % | 1.12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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* Except as noted below, average numbers for each period are weighted based on days on our books and records.
1.Net book value per common share is calculated as total stockholders’ equity, less preferred stock liquidation preference, divided by number of common shares outstanding as of period end.
2.Tangible net book value per common share excludes goodwill.
3.Amount represents the daily weighted average repurchase agreements outstanding for the period used to fund our investment securities and other debt. Amount excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements and TBA contracts. Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs.
4.Average stockholders’ equity calculated as average month-ended stockholders’ equity during the period.
5.Average tangible net book value “at risk” leverage is calculated by dividing the sum of daily weighted average repurchase agreements used to fund our investment securities, other debt, and TBA securities (at cost) (collectively “mortgage borrowings”) outstanding for the period by the sum of average stockholders’ equity adjusted to exclude goodwill for the period. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.
6.Tangible net book value “at risk” leverage as of period end is calculated by dividing the sum of mortgage borrowings outstanding and net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities as of period end by the sum of total stockholders’ equity and unsettled equity issuances, adjusted to exclude goodwill as of period end. Unsettled equity issuances totaled $110 million and $0 million as of September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.
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7.Economic return on tangible common equity represents the sum of the change in tangible net book value per common share and dividends declared per share of common stock during the period over beginning tangible net book value per common share.
Economic Interest Income and Asset Yields
The following table summarizes our economic interest income (a non-GAAP measure) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, which includes the combination of interest income (a GAAP measure) on our holdings reported as investment securities on our consolidated balance sheets, adjusted to exclude estimated net “catch-up” premium amortization adjustments for the cumulative effect from prior reporting periods due to changes in our CPR forecast, and implied interest income on our TBA securities (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash/coupon interest income | $ | 1,162 | 5.08 | % | $ | 960 | 5.20 | % | $ | 3,325 | 5.16 | % | $ | 2,705 | 5.14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net premium amortization benefit (cost) | 34 | 0.13 | % | (57) | (0.37) | % | (65) | (0.15) | % | (126) | (0.31) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income (GAAP measure) | 1,196 | 5.21 | % | 903 | 4.83 | % | 3,260 | 5.01 | % | 2,579 | 4.83 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated net “catch-up” premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast | (66) | (0.29) | % | 14 | 0.08 | % | (66) | (0.10) | % | 5 | 0.01 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income, excluding net “catch-up” premium amortization | 1,130 | 4.92 | % | 917 | 4.91 | % | 3,194 | 4.91 | % | 2,584 | 4.84 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income 1,2 | 91 | 5.37 | % | 135 | 5.31 | % | 386 | 5.19 | % | 393 | 5.32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic interest income (non-GAAP measure) 3 | $ | 1,221 | 4.95 | % | $ | 1,052 | 4.95 | % | $ | 3,580 | 4.94 | % | $ | 2,977 | 4.90 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average actual portfolio CPR for investment securities held during the period | 8.2 | % | 8.3 | % | 11.4 | % | 8.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average projected CPR for the remaining life of investment securities held as of period end | 6.7 | % | 8.6 | % | 6.7 | % | 8.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30-year fixed rate mortgage rate as of period end 4 | 7.39 | % | 6.32 | % | 7.39 | % | 6.32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10-year U.S. Treasury rate as of period end 4 | 5.29 | % | 4.15 | % | 5.29 | % | 4.15 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
2.Implied interest income from TBA dollar roll transactions is computed as the sum of (i) TBA dollar roll income and (ii) estimated TBA implied funding cost (see Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds below). TBA dollar roll income represents the price differential, or “price drop,” between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and is the economic equivalent to interest income on the underlying Agency securities, less an implied funding cost, over the forward settlement period. Amount includes dollar roll income (loss) on long and short TBA securities. Amount excludes TBA mark-to-market adjustments.
3.The combined asset yield is calculated on a weighted average basis based on our average investment and net TBA balance outstanding during the period and their respective yields.
4.30-year fixed rate mortgage rates are sourced from Optimal Blue. 10-year U.S. Treasury rates are sourced from Bloomberg.
The principal elements impacting our economic interest income are the average size of our investment portfolio and the average yield on our securities. The following table includes a summary of the estimated impact of each of these elements on our economic interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 compared to the prior year period (in millions):
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| Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements Impacting Economic Interest Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Due to Change in Average | ||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended: | Total Increase / (Decrease) | Portfolio Size | Asset Yield | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest Income (GAAP measure) | $ | 293 | $ | 207 | $ | 86 | ||||||||||||||
| Estimated net “catch-up” premium amortization due to change in CPR forecast | (80) | — | (80) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest income, excluding net “catch-up” premium amortization | 213 | 207 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income | (44) | (45) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Economic interest income, excluding net “catch-up” amortization (non-GAAP measure) | $ | 169 | $ | 162 | $ | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| Due to Change in Average | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nine months ended: | Total Increase / (Decrease) | Portfolio Size | Asset Yield | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest Income (GAAP measure) | $ | 681 | $ | 566 | $ | 115 | ||||||||||||||
| Estimated net “catch-up” premium amortization due to change in CPR forecast | (71) | — | (71) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest income, excluding net “catch-up” premium amortization | 610 | 566 | 44 | |||||||||||||||||
| TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income | (7) | 3 | (10) | |||||||||||||||||
| Economic interest income, excluding net “catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure) | $ | 603 | $ | 569 | $ | 34 | ||||||||||||||
Our average investment portfolio (at cost), inclusive of TBAs, increased 16% and 19% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to an increase in our capital base. The average yield on our investment portfolio, including TBA implied asset yields and excluding net “catch-up” premium amortization, was unchanged for the three months ended September 30, 2026, as a decrease in the average coupon of our portfolio was offset by a decline in net premium amortization cost. The average yield for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased 4 basis points, largely due to an increase in the average coupon of our portfolio and a decline in net premium amortization cost.
Leverage
Our primary measure of leverage is our tangible net book value “at risk” leverage ratio, which is measured as the sum of our repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund our investment securities and net TBA securities position (at cost) (together referred to as “mortgage borrowings”) and our net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities, divided by the sum of total stockholders’ equity and unsettled equity issuances, adjusted to exclude goodwill.
We include our net TBA position in our measure of leverage because a forward contract to acquire Agency RMBS in the TBA market carries similar risks to Agency RMBS purchased in the cash market and funded with on-balance sheet liabilities. Similarly, a TBA contract for the forward sale of Agency securities has substantially the same effect as selling the underlying Agency RMBS and reducing our on-balance sheet funding commitments. (Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources in this Form 10-Q for further discussion of TBA securities and dollar roll transactions.) Repurchase agreements used to fund short-term investments in U.S. Treasury securities (“U.S. Treasury Repo”) are excluded from our measure of leverage due to the temporary and highly liquid nature of these investments. The following table presents a summary of our leverage ratios for the periods listed (dollars in millions):
Investment Securities Repurchase Agreements and Other Debt 1 | Net TBA Position Long/(Short) 2 | Average Tangible Net Book Value “At Risk” Leverage during the Period 3 | Tangible Net Book Value “At Risk” Leverage as of Period End 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarter Ended | Average Daily Amount | Maximum Daily Amount | Ending Amount | Average Daily Amount | Ending Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2026 | $ | 82,362 | $ | 87,380 | $ | 85,703 | $ | 6,809 | $ | 2,438 | 7.6:1 | 7.9:1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2026 | $ | 75,070 | $ | 80,083 | $ | 79,512 | $ | 12,729 | $ | 9,676 | 7.4:1 | 7.4:1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | $ | 77,120 | $ | 79,681 | $ | 75,840 | $ | 10,343 | $ | 9,742 | 7.4:1 | 7.4:1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | $ | 69,943 | $ | 74,195 | $ | 73,002 | $ | 13,764 | $ | 12,917 | 7.4:1 | 7.2:1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2025 | $ | 66,654 | $ | 70,066 | $ | 69,057 | $ | 10,163 | $ | 13,805 | 7.5:1 | 7.6:1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | $ | 59,469 | $ | 66,790 | $ | 66,052 | $ | 11,996 | $ | 8,162 | 7.5:1 | 7.6:1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | $ | 61,707 | $ | 63,789 | $ | 63,312 | $ | 7,428 | $ | 7,429 | 7.3:1 | 7.5:1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs. Amounts exclude U.S. Treasury Repo.
2.Daily average and ending net TBA position outstanding measured at cost.
3.Average tangible net book value “at risk” leverage during the period represents the sum of our daily weighted average repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investment securities and net TBA position outstanding, divided by the sum of our average month-ended stockholders’ equity, adjusted to exclude goodwill.
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4.Tangible net book value “at risk” leverage as of period end represents the sum of our repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investment securities, net TBA position (at cost), and net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities outstanding as of period end, divided by the sum of total stockholders’ equity and unsettled equity issuances, adjusted to exclude goodwill as of period end. Unsettled equity issuances totaled $110 million, $0 million, $0 million, $0 million, $0 million, $0 million and $75 million as of September 30, June 30 and March 31, 2026 and December 31, September 30, June 30 and March 31, 2025, respectively.
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds
The following table summarizes our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds (non-GAAP measures) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (dollars in millions), which includes the combination of interest expense on repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investment securities (GAAP measure), implied financing cost of our TBA securities and interest rate swap periodic income:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds 1 | Amount | Cost of Funds | Amount | Cost of Funds | Amount | Cost of Funds | Amount | Cost of Funds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities repurchase agreements and other debt - interest expense (GAAP measure) | $ | 794 | 3.77 | % | $ | 755 | 4.43 | % | $ | 2,234 | 3.77 | % | $ | 2,110 | 4.44 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense 2,3 | 63 | 3.64 | % | 112 | 4.31 | % | 263 | 3.50 | % | 323 | 4.31 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economic interest expense - before interest rate swap periodic income, net 4 | 857 | 3.76 | % | 867 | 4.42 | % | 2,497 | 3.74 | % | 2,433 | 4.42 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap periodic income, net 2,5 | (153) | (0.67) | % | (245) | (1.25) | % | (514) | (0.77) | % | (820) | (1.49) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total economic interest expense (non-GAAP measure) | $ | 704 | 3.09 | % | $ | 622 | 3.17 | % | $ | 1,983 | 2.97 | % | $ | 1,613 | 2.93 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.Amounts exclude interest rate swap termination fees and variation margin settlements paid or received, forward starting swaps and the impact of other supplemental hedges, such as swaptions and U.S. Treasury positions.
2.Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
3.The implied funding cost (benefit) of TBA dollar roll transactions is determined using the price differential, or “price drop,” between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and market based assumptions regarding the “cheapest-to-deliver” collateral that can be delivered to satisfy the TBA contract, such as the anticipated collateral’s weighted average coupon, weighted average maturity and projected 1-month CPR. The average implied funding cost for TBA transactions represents our long TBA position, weighted based on our daily average long position outstanding for the period.
4.The combined cost of funds for total mortgage borrowings outstanding, before interest rate swap periodic income, is calculated on a weighted average basis based on average investment securities repurchase agreements, other debt and TBA securities outstanding during the period and their respective cost of funds.
5.Interest rate swap periodic income is measured as a percent of average mortgage borrowings outstanding for the period.
The principal elements impacting our economic interest expense are (i) the size of our average mortgage borrowings and interest rate swap portfolio outstanding during the period, (ii) the average interest rate on our mortgage borrowings and (iii) the average net interest rate paid/received on our interest rate swaps. The following table includes a summary of the estimated impact of these elements on our economic interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 compared to the prior year period (in millions):
| Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements of Economic Interest Expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Due to Change in Average | ||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended: | Total Increase / (Decrease) | Borrowing / Swap Balance | Borrowing / Swap Rate | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities repurchase agreements and other debt interest expense | $ | 39 | $ | 178 | $ | (139) | ||||||||||||||
| TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense | (49) | (37) | (12) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap periodic income/cost | 92 | (150) | 242 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total change in economic interest expense | $ | 82 | $ | (9) | $ | 91 | ||||||||||||||
| Due to Change in Average | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nine months ended: | Total Increase / (Decrease) | Borrowing / Swap Balance | Borrowing / Swap Rate | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities repurchase agreements and other debt interest expense | $ | 124 | $ | 525 | $ | (401) | ||||||||||||||
| TBA dollar roll income - implied interest benefit/expense | (60) | 2 | (62) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap periodic income/cost | 306 | (512) | 818 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total change in economic interest benefit/expense | $ | 370 | $ | 15 | $ | 355 | ||||||||||||||
Our average mortgage borrowings, inclusive of TBAs, increased 16% and 22% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, consistent with the increase to our average investment portfolio. The average interest rate on
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our mortgage borrowings, excluding the impact of interest rate swap periodic income, decreased 66 and 68 basis points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, due to a decline in short-term interest rates.
Interest rate swap periodic income declined for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, primarily due to higher pay rates on our pay-fixed swaps, driven by the maturity of lower-cost swaps, an increase in our interest rate swap position at higher prevailing rates, and lower receive rates. The ratio of interest rate swaps outstanding to mortgage borrowings increased due to a greater allocation to interest rate swaps in our hedge portfolio. The following table summarizes our interest rate swaps outstanding during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 (dollars in millions). Amounts exclude forward starting swaps not yet in effect.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Ratio of Interest Rate Swaps (Excluding Forward Starting Swaps) to Mortgage Borrowings Outstanding | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average investment securities repo and other debt outstanding | $ | 82,362 | $ | 66,654 | $ | 78,203 | $ | 62,628 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average net TBA dollar roll position outstanding - at cost | $ | 6,809 | $ | 10,163 | $ | 9,947 | $ | 9,872 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average mortgage borrowings outstanding | $ | 89,171 | $ | 76,817 | $ | 88,150 | $ | 72,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding (excluding forward starting swaps), net | $ | 73,619 | $ | 45,656 | $ | 73,487 | $ | 45,233 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of average interest rate swaps to mortgage borrowings outstanding | 83 | % | 59 | % | 83 | % | 62 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average interest rate swap pay-fixed rate (excluding forward starting swaps) | 2.89 | % | 2.25 | % | 2.75 | % | 1.98 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average interest rate swap receive-floating rate | (3.71) | % | (4.35) | % | (3.68) | % | (4.37) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average interest rate swap net pay/(receive) rate | (0.82) | % | (2.10) | % | (0.93) | % | (2.39) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, we had an average forward starting net pay-fixed rate swap balance of $0.1 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we had an average forward starting net pay-fixed rate swap balance of $0.2 billion. Forward starting interest rate swaps do not impact our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds until they commence accruing net interest settlements on their forward start dates.
Net Interest Spread
The following table presents a summary of our net interest spread (including the impact of TBA dollar roll income, interest rate swaps and excluding net “catch-up” premium amortization) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment and TBA Securities - Net Interest Spread | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average asset yield | 4.95 | % | 4.95 | % | 4.94 | % | 4.90 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average aggregate cost of funds | (3.09) | % | (3.17) | % | (2.97) | % | (2.93) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average net interest spread | 1.86 | % | 1.78 | % | 1.97 | % | 1.97 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net Spread and Dollar Roll Income
The following table presents a reconciliation of net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure) from comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders (the most comparable GAAP financial measure) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders | $ | (1,542) | $ | 825 | $ | (1,139) | $ | 803 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to exclude realized and unrealized (gains) losses reported through net income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Realized (gain) loss on sale of investment securities, net | 17 | 81 | (41) | 503 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net | 5,015 | (805) | 5,994 | (2,258) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Gain) loss on derivative instruments and other securities, net | (3,301) | 36 | (4,168) | 1,422 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to exclude unrealized (gain) loss reported through other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net | 140 | (61) | 155 | (202) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated net “catch-up” premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast 1 | (66) | 14 | (66) | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TBA dollar roll income, net 2 | 28 | 23 | 123 | 70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap periodic income (cost), net 2 | 153 | 245 | 514 | 820 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other interest income (expense), net 2,3 | — | 7 | 9 | (7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure) | 444 | 365 | 1,381 | 1,156 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic | 1,200.5 | 1,053.0 | 1,160.5 | 996.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted | 1,205.1 | 1,056.6 | 1,165.1 | 999.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - basic | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.35 | $ | 1.19 | $ | 1.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - diluted | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.35 | $ | 1.19 | $ | 1.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.Reported in interest income in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
2.Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
3.Other interest income (expense), net includes interest income on cash and cash equivalents; price alignment interest income (expense) (“PAI”) on interest rate swap margin deposits posted by or (to) the Company; and other miscellaneous interest income (expense).
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net
The following table is a summary of our net gain (loss) on investment securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net 1 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net | $ | (17) | $ | (81) | $ | 41 | $ | (503) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net 2 | (5,015) | 805 | (5,994) | 2,258 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net | (140) | 61 | (155) | 202 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total (loss) gain on investment securities, net | $ | (5,172) | $ | 785 | $ | (6,108) | $ | 1,957 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.Amounts exclude gain (loss) on TBA securities, which is reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
2.Investment securities acquired after fiscal year 2016 are measured at fair value through net income (see Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q).
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Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net
The following table is a summary of our gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities, net dollar roll income | $ | 28 | $ | 23 | $ | 123 | $ | 70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TBA securities, mark-to-market gain (loss) | (134) | 127 | (319) | 168 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps, net periodic income | 153 | 245 | 514 | 820 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps, mark-to-market gain (loss) | 2,052 | (272) | 2,786 | (1,652) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payer swaptions | — | (1) | — | (29) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receiver swaptions | (34) | (15) | (55) | (15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities | 978 | (133) | 1,103 | (672) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury futures contracts | 250 | (27) | 10 | (123) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOFR futures contracts - long position | 6 | 8 | 2 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other interest income (expense) | — | 7 | 9 | (7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other gain (loss) | 2 | 2 | (5) | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net | $ | 3,301 | $ | (36) | $ | 4,168 | $ | (1,422) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
For further details regarding our use of derivative instruments and related activity refer to Notes 2 and 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our business is dependent on our ability to maintain adequate levels of liquidity and capital resources to fund day-to-day operations, fulfill collateral requirements under our funding and derivative agreements, and satisfy our dividend distribution requirement of at least 90% of our taxable income to maintain our qualification as a REIT. Our primary sources of liquidity are unencumbered cash and securities, borrowings available under repurchase agreements, TBA dollar roll financing and monthly receipts of principal and interest payments. We may also conduct asset sales, change our asset or funding mix, issue equity or undertake other capital enhancing actions to maintain adequate levels of liquidity and capital resources. There are various risks and uncertainties that can impact our liquidity, such as those described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in this Form 10-Q. In assessing our liquidity, we consider a number of factors, including our current leverage, collateral levels, access to capital markets, overall market conditions, and the sensitivity of our tangible net book value over a range of scenarios. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available to meet our obligations and execute our business strategy.
Leverage and Financing Sources
Our leverage will vary depending on market conditions and our assessment of relative risks and returns, but we generally expect our leverage to be between six and ten times the amount of our tangible stockholders’ equity, measured as the sum of our total mortgage borrowings and net payable / (receivable) for unsettled investment securities, divided by the sum of our total stockholders’ equity and unsettled equity issuances, adjusted to exclude goodwill. Our tangible net book value “at risk” leverage ratio was 7.9x and 7.2x as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The following table includes a summary of our mortgage borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (dollars in millions). For additional details of our mortgage borrowings refer to Notes 2, 4 and 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage Borrowings | Amount | % | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment securities repurchase agreements 1,2 | $ | 85,703 | 97 | % | $ | 72,946 | 85 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value | — | — | % | 56 | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt | 85,703 | 97 | % | 73,002 | 85 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net TBA securities, at cost | 2,438 | 3 | % | 12,917 | 15 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total mortgage borrowings | $ | 88,141 | 100 | % | $ | 85,919 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Includes Agency RMBS, CRT and non-Agency MBS repurchase agreements. Excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements totaling $11.0 billion and $12.3 billion as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
2.As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 43% and 44%, respectively, of our total repurchase agreements, including 48% and 51% of our investment securities repurchase agreements, respectively, were funded through the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation’s GCF Repo service.
We primarily finance our assets through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements (“repo”). We enter into these agreements on a bilateral basis with financial institutions and independent dealers, as well as through tri-party and centrally cleared repo platforms—such as the FICC’s GCF Repo service—accessed through our wholly-owned, registered broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC. We manage our repo funding through counterparty diversification, maintaining a suitable maturity profile, interest rate hedging, and other strategies. In addition to repo, we also utilize TBA dollar roll transactions to synthetically finance Agency RMBS.
The terms of bilateral repurchase agreements are established on a transaction-by-transaction basis at the time each borrowing is initiated or renewed and are governed by the provisions of a Master Repurchase Agreement. For GCF Repo transactions, the terms and conditions are set by the FICC’s clearing rules and applicable operating procedures. Each of our repurchase agreements requires that borrowed amounts be subject to collateralization requirements, and interest rates are generally fixed and reflect prevailing market rates for the specified borrowing term and collateral type. Our repurchase agreement counterparties are not obligated to renew or enter into new borrowings upon the maturity of existing agreements.
TBA dollar roll transactions enhance our funding diversification, expand our available pool of assets, and improve our liquidity position by typically requiring less collateral than Agency RMBS financed with repo. These transactions may also benefit from lower implied costs, or “specialness.” However, if rolling TBA contracts into future months becomes uneconomical, we may need to take physical delivery of the underlying securities and fund those securities with other sources, potentially reducing our liquidity position.
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Collateral Requirements and Unencumbered Assets
Borrowing capacity under our repurchase agreements is influenced by counterparty margin requirements, collateral values, interest rates, risk limits, and counterparties’ willingness and ability to lend. These factors may change over time in response to interest rate movements, overall market liquidity, shifts in credit quality and changes in bank regulatory requirements. Centrally cleared repo capacity also depends on Bethesda Securities’ continued compliance with regulatory and FICC membership requirements and maintaining its risk exposure within limits established by the FICC.
Haircuts for bilateral repurchase agreements are determined on a transaction-specific basis. A haircut is a discount applied to the market value of pledged collateral to protect the counterparty against potential declines in its value and potential costs of selling collateral after a default. When collateral values decline, counterparties typically issue a margin call requiring us to post additional collateral to restore the required collateralization level. Conversely, if the value of pledged securities rises, we may request the return of excess collateral. Collateral values are determined by our counterparties, who are required to act in good faith.
For centrally cleared GCF Repo transactions, margin requirements are set by the FICC. These include an initial margin requirement, calculated daily using a Value-at-Risk (“VaR”) model, which evaluates Bethesda Securities’ net exposure to the FICC, taking into account the offsetting risk sensitivities of positions such as repos and reverse repos. Initial margin is designed to protect the FICC against potential future exposure from a member default and may also be used to cover losses arising from the default of other clearing members, subject to assessments from the loss mutualization waterfall and applicable caps and withdrawal provisions set pursuant to FICC rules. The FICC also imposes daily variation margin, based on amounts borrowed plus accrued interest, adjusted for fluctuations in collateral value, which is intended to cover the current exposure associated with the repo transaction.
Margin thresholds may increase during periods of elevated market volatility, which could adversely affect our liquidity position. In addition, repo counterparties typically reduce the collateral values assigned to Agency RMBS each month to reflect principal repayments. Bilateral repo counterparties make this adjustment upon the publication of the pay-down factor by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae on the fifth business day following month-end, even though principal payments are generally not received until the 25th calendar day following month-end. The FICC assesses margin on the last business day of each month—prior to the factor release—using internally projected pay-down rates and subsequently adjusts collateral requirements to reflect the actual factor data when released.
The timing difference between margin calls related to principal pay-downs and our receipt of the corresponding cash flows temporarily reduces our available liquidity each month. We manage this liquidity risk by monitoring factors that influence prepayment activity and through disciplined asset selection. As of September 30, 2026, approximately 3% of our investment portfolio consisted of TBA securities, which are not subject to monthly principal pay-downs. The remainder of our portfolio, primarily consisting of Agency RMBS, had an average one-year CPR forecast of 6%.
Collateral requirements under our derivative agreements are typically subject to initial and variation margin requirements, similar to those for centrally cleared repo transactions, and may be adjusted based on changes in the value of the derivative agreements, collateral values, market volatility, and other factors. Collateral requirements for our TBA contracts are governed by the Mortgage-Backed Securities Division (“MBSD”) of the FICC. Collateral levels for interest rate swap agreements are established by the central clearing exchange and the associated futures commission merchants (“FCMs”), which may impose margin requirements in excess of those required by the clearing exchange. Collateral requirements for non-centrally cleared derivatives are set by the counterparty financial institution.
Haircut levels and initial or additional minimum margin requirements reduce the amount of our unencumbered assets and limit our borrowing capacity. Margin calls for repo and TBA transactions are typically due on the same business day, while margin calls for interest rate swaps and other derivative transactions are typically due on the next business day, subject to notice provisions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, haircuts and initial margin requirements on our repo funding arrangements remained stable. As of September 30, 2026, the weighted average haircut and initial margin on our repurchase agreements were approximately 3.4% of the value of our collateral, compared to 3.1% as of December 31, 2025. We were in compliance with all margin requirements as of September 30, 2026.
To mitigate the risk of margin calls, we seek to maintain excess liquidity by holding unencumbered liquid assets that can be used to satisfy collateral requirements, collateralize additional borrowings or be sold for cash. As of September 30, 2026, our unencumbered assets totaled approximately $6.3 billion, or 57% of tangible equity, consisting of $6.3 billion of cash and unencumbered Agency RMBS and $0.1 billion of unencumbered credit assets. This compares to approximately $7.7 billion of unencumbered assets, or 65% of tangible equity, as of December 31, 2025, consisting of $7.6 billion of cash and unencumbered Agency RMBS and $0.1 billion of unencumbered credit assets.
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For additional details regarding assets pledged under our repo and derivative agreements refer to Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
Counterparty Risk
Collateral requirements imposed by counterparties subject us to the risk that pledged assets may not be returned to us as and when required. We attempt to manage this risk by actively monitoring our collateral positions and limiting our counterparties to registered clearinghouses and regulated financial institutions, including banks and broker-dealers (both bank affiliated and independent) with acceptable credit ratings. We also diversify our funding sources across multiple counterparties and geographic regions.
As of September 30, 2026, our maximum amount at risk (or the excess/shortfall of the value of collateral pledged/received over our repurchase agreement liabilities/reverse repurchase agreement receivables) with any of our repurchase agreement counterparties, excluding the FICC, was less than 2% of our tangible stockholders’ equity, with our top five repo counterparties, excluding the FICC, representing 5% of our tangible stockholders’ equity. As of September 30, 2026, less than 14% of our tangible stockholders’ equity was at risk with the FICC. Excluding central clearing exchanges, as of September 30, 2026, our amount at risk with any counterparty to our derivative agreements was less than 1% of our tangible stockholders’ equity.
Asset Sales
Agency RMBS are among the most liquid fixed income securities, and the TBA market is the second most liquid market (after the U.S. Treasury market). Although market conditions fluctuate, the vitality of these markets enables us to sell assets under most conditions to generate liquidity through direct sales or delivery into TBA contracts, subject to “good delivery” provisions promulgated by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”). Under certain market conditions, however, we may be unable to realize the full carrying value of our securities. We attempt to manage this risk by maintaining at least a minimum level of securities that trade at or near TBA values that in our estimation enhances our portfolio liquidity across a wide range of market conditions. Please refer to Trends and Recent Market Impacts of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis for further information regarding Agency RMBS and TBA market conditions.
Capital Markets
Equity capital markets serve as a source of capital to grow our business and to meet potential liquidity needs. The availability of equity capital is dependent on market conditions and investor demand for our common and preferred stock. We will typically not issue common stock at times when we believe the capital raised will not be accretive to our tangible net book value or earnings, and we will typically not issue preferred equity when its cost exceeds acceptable hurdle rates of return on our equity. We may also be unable to raise additional equity capital at suitable times or on favorable terms. As of September 30, 2026, we were authorized by our Board of Directors to enter into agreements with sales agents to publicly offer and sell shares of our common stock in privately negotiated and/or at-the-market transactions from time to time, up to a maximum aggregate offering price. As of September 30, 2026, shares of our common stock with an aggregate offering price of $1.1 billion remained authorized for issuance under this program through December 31, 2027. Please refer to Note 9 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for further details regarding our recent at-the-market transactions.
Separately, when the trading price of our common stock is equal to or less than our then-current estimate of our tangible net book value per common share, among other conditions, we may repurchase shares of our common stock pursuant to the stock repurchase plan authorized by our Board. As of September 30, 2026, $1.0 billion remained authorized to repurchase shares of our common stock through December 31, 2026. Please refer to Note 11 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for information about the reauthorization of our stock repurchase plan through December 31, 2028.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
As of September 30, 2026, we did not maintain relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, or special purpose or variable interest entities, established to facilitate off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Additionally, as of September 30, 2026, we had not guaranteed obligations of unconsolidated entities or entered into a commitment or intent to provide funding to such entities.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The statements contained in this Quarterly Report that are not historical facts, including estimates, projections, beliefs, expectations concerning conditions, events, or the outlook for our business, strategy, performance, operations or the markets or industries in which we operate, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “anticipate,”
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“see,” “intend,” “outlook,” “potential,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “likely” and other similar, correlative or comparable words and expressions.
Forward-looking statements are based on management’s assumptions, projections and beliefs as of the date of this Quarterly Report, but they involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements, as well as from historical performance. Factors that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
•the level, degree and extent of volatility in interest rates or the yield on our assets relative to interest rate benchmarks;
•fluctuations in mortgage prepayment rates on the loans underlying our Agency RMBS;
•the availability and terms of our financing and hedge positions;
•changes in the market value of our assets, including from changes in net interest spreads, market liquidity or depth, and changes in our “at risk” leverage or hedge positions;
•fluctuations in the yield curve;
•the effectiveness of our risk mitigation strategies;
•conditions in the market for Agency RMBS and other mortgage securities, including changes in the available supply of such securities or investor appetite therefor;
•changes in U.S. monetary policy or interest rates, including actions taken by the Federal Reserve to adjust the size or composition of its U.S. Treasury and Agency RMBS bond portfolio or to influence funding markets;
•changes in U.S. government entity purchases or dispositions of Agency RMBS or other actions that directly or indirectly increase demand or supply of Agency RMBS or affect prepayment speeds;
•the direct or indirect effects of actions by the federal, state, or local governments that affect the economy, the housing sector or financial markets, including actions relating to fiscal policy;
•the direct or indirect effects of geopolitical events, including war, terrorism, civil discord, embargoes, trade or other disputes, or natural disasters, on conditions in the markets for Agency RMBS or other mortgage securities, the terms or availability of funding for our business, or our ongoing business operations;
•the availability of personnel, operational resources, information technology and other systems to conduct our operations;
•changes to laws, regulations, rules or policies that affect the GSEs, the primary or secondary mortgage markets in which we participate or U.S. housing finance activity, including actions that would end or alter the conservatorships of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or their quasi-governmental status; and
•legislative or regulatory actions that affect our status as a REIT or our exemption from the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and we do not assume any duty and do not undertake to update forward-looking statements. A further discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from any of our forward-looking statements is included under Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Part II of this Form 10-Q. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.
WEBSITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA DISCLOSURE
We use our website (www.AGNC.com) and AGNC’s LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com/company/agnc-investment-corp/) and X (www.x.com/AGNCInvestment) accounts to distribute information about the Company. Investors should monitor these channels in addition to our press releases, filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), public conference calls and webcasts, as information posted through them may be deemed material. Our website, alerts and social media channels are not incorporated by reference into, and are not a part of, this or any other report filed with or furnished to the SEC. Investors and others may automatically receive emails and information about AGNC when they sign up for investor alerts on the “Investor Resources” tab of the Investor Relations section of our website.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in market factors such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are interest rate, prepayment, spread, liquidity, extension and credit risks.
Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with the fixed income nature of our assets and the short-term, variable rate nature of our financing obligations. Our operating results depend in large part on differences between the income earned on
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our assets and our cost of borrowing and hedging activities. The costs associated with our borrowings are generally based on prevailing market interest rates. During a period of rising interest rates, our borrowing costs generally will increase while the yields earned on our existing portfolio of leveraged fixed-rate assets will largely remain static. This can result in a decline in our net interest spread. Changes in the level of interest rates can also affect the rate of mortgage prepayments and the value of our assets.
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond our control. Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we engage in a variety of interest rate management techniques to mitigate the influence of interest rate changes on our net interest income and fluctuations of our tangible net book value. The principal instruments that we use to hedge our interest rate risk are interest rate swaps, swaptions, U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Treasury futures contracts. Our hedging techniques are highly complex and are partly based on assumed levels of prepayments of our assets. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the maturity of our investments will also differ from our expectations, which could reduce the effectiveness of our hedging strategies and may cause losses on such transactions and adversely affect our cash flow.
The severity of potential declines in our tangible net book value due to fluctuations in interest rates would depend on our asset, liability, and hedge composition at the time, as well as the magnitude and duration of the interest rate change. Primary measures of an instrument’s price sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations are its duration and convexity. Duration measures the estimated percentage change in market value of an instrument that would be caused by a parallel change in short- and long-term interest rates. The duration of our assets will vary with changes in interest rates and tends to increase when interest rates rise and decrease when interest rates fall. This “negative convexity” generally increases the interest rate exposure of our investment portfolio in excess of what is measured by duration alone.
We estimate the duration and convexity of our assets using a third-party risk management system and market data. We review the estimates for reasonableness, giving consideration to any unique characteristics of our securities, market conditions and other factors likely to impact these estimates, and based on our judgment we may make adjustments to the third-party estimates. Our estimated duration gap, which is a measure of the difference between the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and our liabilities, inclusive of interest rate hedges, was 0.8 years as of September 30, 2026, compared to 0.4 years as of December 31, 2025.
The table below quantifies the estimated changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio (including derivatives and other securities used for hedging purposes) and in our tangible net book value per common share as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 should interest rates go up or down by 25, 50 and 75 basis points, assuming instantaneous parallel shifts in the yield curve and including the impact of both duration and convexity. All values in the table below are measured as percentage changes from the base interest rate scenario. The base interest rate scenario assumes interest rates and prepayment projections as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
To the extent that these estimates or other assumptions do not hold true, which may be more likely during periods of elevated market volatility, actual results could differ materially from our projections. Moreover, if different models were employed in the analysis, materially different projections could result. Lastly, while the table below reflects the estimated impact of interest rate changes on a static portfolio, we actively manage our portfolio, and we continuously adjust the size and composition of our asset and hedge portfolio.
Interest Rate Sensitivity 1,2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in Interest Rate | Estimated Change in Portfolio Market Value | Estimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share | Estimated Change in Portfolio Market Value | Estimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| -75 Basis Points | +0.5% | +4.8% | -0.2% | -2.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| -50 Basis Points | +0.4% | +3.7% | 0.0% | -0.3% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| -25 Basis Points | +0.2% | +2.1% | +0.1% | +0.5% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| +25 Basis Points | -0.2% | -2.3% | -0.2% | -1.6% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| +50 Basis Points | -0.5% | -4.9% | -0.4% | -4.3% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| +75 Basis Points | -0.7% | -7.7% | -0.8% | -7.7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
________________________________
1.Derived from models that are dependent on inputs and assumptions, assumes there are no changes in mortgage spreads and assumes a static portfolio. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
2.Includes the effect of derivatives and other securities used for hedging purposes. Interest rates are assumed to be floored at 0% in down rate scenarios.
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Prepayment Risk and Extension Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk that our assets will be repaid at a faster rate than anticipated. Interest rates and numerous other factors affect the rate of prepayments, such as housing prices, general economic conditions, loan age, size and loan-to-value ratios, and GSE buyouts of delinquent loans underlying our securities. Generally, declining mortgage rates increase the rate of prepayments, while rising rates have the opposite effect.
If our assets prepay at a faster rate than anticipated, we may be unable to reinvest the repayments at acceptable yields. If the proceeds are reinvested at lower yields than our existing assets, our net interest income would be negatively impacted. We also amortize or accrete premiums and discounts we pay or receive at purchase relative to the stated principal of our assets into interest income over their projected lives using the effective interest method. If the actual and estimated future prepayment experience differs from our prior estimates, we are required to record a current period adjustment to interest income for the impact of the cumulative difference in the effective yield.
Extension risk is the risk that our assets will be repaid at a slower rate than anticipated and generally increases when interest rates rise. In a rising or higher interest rate environment, we may be required to finance our investments at potentially higher costs without the ability to reinvest principal into higher yielding securities as a result of borrowers prepaying their mortgages at a slower pace than originally anticipated, adversely impacting our net interest spread, and thus our net interest income.
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our investment securities (excluding TBAs) had a weighted average projected CPR of 6.7% and 9.6%, respectively, and a weighted average yield of 4.99% and 4.93%, respectively. The table below presents estimated weighted average projected CPRs and yields for our investment securities should interest rates go up or down instantaneously by 25, 50 and 75 basis points. Estimated yields exclude the impact of retroactive “catch-up” premium amortization adjustments for prior periods due to changes in the projected CPR assumption.
Interest Rate Sensitivity 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in Interest Rate | Weighted Average Projected CPR | Weighted Average Asset Yield 2 | Weighted Average Projected CPR | Weighted Average Asset Yield 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| -75 Basis Points | 7.6% | 4.97% | 16.6% | 4.79% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| -50 Basis Points | 7.2% | 4.98% | 13.6% | 4.84% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| -25 Basis Points | 6.9% | 4.99% | 11.3% | 4.89% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actual as of Period End | 6.7% | 4.99% | 9.6% | 4.93% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| +25 Basis Points | 6.5% | 5.00% | 8.3% | 4.96% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| +50 Basis Points | 6.3% | 5.00% | 7.5% | 4.98% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| +75 Basis Points | 6.2% | 5.00% | 7.0% | 5.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.Derived from models that are dependent on inputs and assumptions and assumes a static portfolio. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Table excludes TBA securities.
2.Asset yield based on historical cost basis and does not include the impact of retroactive “catch-up” premium amortization adjustments due to changes in projected CPR.
Spread Risk
Spread risk is the risk that the market spread between the yield on our assets and the yield on benchmark interest rates linked to our interest rate hedges, such as U.S. Treasury rates and interest rate swap rates, may vary. As a levered investor in mortgage-backed securities, spread risk is an inherent component of our investment strategy. Therefore, although we use hedging instruments to attempt to protect against moves in interest rates, our hedges are generally not designed to protect against spread risk, and our tangible net book value could decline if spreads widen.
Fluctuations in mortgage spreads can occur due to a variety of factors, including changes in interest rates, prepayment expectations, actual or anticipated monetary policy actions by the U.S. and foreign central banks, liquidity conditions, required rates of returns on different assets and other market supply and demand factors. The table below quantifies the estimated changes in the fair value of our assets, net of hedges, and our tangible net book value per common share as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 should spreads widen or tighten by 10, 25 and 50 basis points. The estimated impact of changes in spreads is in addition to our interest rate shock sensitivity included in the interest rate shock table above. The table below assumes a spread duration of 5.5 and 5.0 as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, based on interest rates
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and prices as of such dates; however, our portfolio’s sensitivity to mortgage spread changes will vary with changes in interest rates and in the size and composition of our portfolio. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.
Spread Sensitivity 1,2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in MBS Spread | Estimated Change in Portfolio Market Value | Estimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share | Estimated Change in Portfolio Market Value | Estimated Change in Tangible Net Book Value Per Common Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| -50 Basis Points | +2.8% | +28.9% | +2.5% | +24.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| -25 Basis Points | +1.4% | +14.4% | +1.2% | +12.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| -10 Basis Points | +0.6% | +5.8% | +0.5% | +4.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| +10 Basis Points | -0.6% | -5.8% | -0.5% | -4.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| +25 Basis Points | -1.4% | -14.4% | -1.2% | -12.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| +50 Basis Points | -2.8% | -28.9% | -2.5% | -24.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.Spread sensitivity is derived from models that are dependent on inputs and assumptions, assumes there are no changes in interest rates and assumes a static portfolio. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
2.Includes the effect of derivatives and other securities used for hedging purposes.
Liquidity Risk
Our liquidity risk principally arises from financing long-term fixed rate assets with shorter-term variable rate borrowings. Future borrowings are dependent upon the willingness of lenders to finance our investments, lender collateral requirements and the lenders’ determination of the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral. These factors can change over time in response to interest rate movements, overall market liquidity, shifts in credit quality and changes in bank regulatory requirements. Borrowings under centrally cleared repo also depend on Bethesda Securities’ remaining compliant with regulatory and FICC membership requirements and maintaining its risk exposure within limits established by the FICC.
As of September 30, 2026, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available to execute our business strategy (see Liquidity and Capital Resources in this Form 10-Q for additional details). However, should the value of our collateral or the value of our derivative instruments suddenly decrease, or margin requirements increase, we may be required to post additional collateral for these arrangements, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position. Furthermore, there is no assurance that we will always be able to renew (or roll) our short-term funding liabilities. In addition, our bilateral counterparties have the option to increase our haircuts (margin requirements) on the assets we pledge against our funding liabilities, and our central clearing counterparties may adjust their risk models impacting the amount of initial margin we are required to post, thereby reducing the amount that can be borrowed against our assets even if they agree to renew or roll our funding liabilities. Significantly higher haircuts or initial margin requirements can reduce our ability to leverage our portfolio or may even force us to sell assets, especially if correlated with asset price declines or faster prepayment rates on our assets.
Credit Risk
Our credit sensitive investments, such as CRT and non-Agency securities, expose us to the risk of nonpayment of principal, interest or other remuneration we are contractually entitled to. We are also exposed to credit risk in the event our repurchase agreement counterparties default on their obligations to resell the underlying collateral back to us at the end of the repo term or in the event our derivative counterparties do not perform under the terms of our derivative agreements.
We accept credit exposure related to our credit sensitive assets at levels we deem prudent within the context of our overall investment strategy. We attempt to manage this risk through careful asset selection, pre-acquisition due diligence, post-acquisition performance monitoring, and the sale of assets where we identify negative credit trends. We may also manage credit risk with credit default swaps or other financial derivatives that we believe are appropriate. Additionally, we may vary the mix of our interest rate and credit sensitive assets or our duration gap to adjust our credit exposure and/or improve the return profile of our assets, such as when we believe credit performance is inversely correlated with changes in interest rates. Our credit risk related to derivative and repurchase agreement transactions is largely mitigated by limiting our counterparties to regulated financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings or to registered central clearinghouses and monitoring concentration levels with any one counterparty. We also continuously monitor and adjust the amount of collateral pledged based on changes in market value. However, our efforts to manage credit risk may be unsuccessful and we could suffer losses as a result. Excluding central clearing exchanges, as of September 30, 2026, our maximum amount at risk with any counterparty related to our
48
repurchase agreements and derivative agreements was less than 2% and less than 1%, respectively, of tangible stockholders’ equity.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” as promulgated under the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
We, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2026. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Neither we, nor any of our consolidated subsidiaries, are currently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us or any consolidated subsidiary, other than routine litigation and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Such proceedings are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, or results of our operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2026, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) informed us of the adoption termination
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Item 6. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Exhibit Index
Exhibit No. Description
*3.1 AGNC Investment Corp. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 (File No. 001-34057), filed May 2, 2025.
*3.2 AGNC Investment Corp. Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057), filed July 21, 2023.
*3.3 Certificate of Designations of 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed August 18, 2017.
*3.4 Certificate of Elimination of 8.000% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057), filed October 26, 2017.
*3.5 Certificate of Designations of 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed March 6, 2019.
*3.6 Certificate of Designations of 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.6 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed October 3, 2019.
*3.7 Certificate of Elimination of 7.750% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057), filed December 13, 2019.
*3.8 Certificate of Designations of 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.6 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed February 11, 2020.
*3.9 Certificate of Designations of 7.75% Series G Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.7 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed September 14, 2022.
*3.10 Certificate of Designations of 8.75% Series H Fixed-Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.8 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed September 10, 2025.
*4.1 Instruments defining the rights of holders of securities: See Article IV of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 (File No. 001-34057), filed May 2, 2025.
*4.2 Instruments defining the rights of holders of securities: See Article VI of our Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K, filed July 21, 2023.
*4.3 Form of Certificate for Common Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 (File No. 001-34057), filed November 7, 2022.
*4.4 Specimen 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed August 18, 2017.
*4.5 Specimen 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed March 6, 2019.
*4.6 Specimen 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed October 3, 2019.
*4.7 Specimen 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed February 11, 2020.
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*4.8 Specimen 7.75% Series G Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed September 14, 2022.
*4.9 Specimen 8.75% Series H Fixed-Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-A (File No. 001-34057), filed September 10, 2025.
*4.10 Deposit Agreement relating to 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated August 22, 2017, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed August 22, 2017.
*4.11 Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 7.00% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.10), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed August 22, 2017.
*4.12 Deposit Agreement relating to 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated March 6, 2019, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed March 6, 2019.
*4.13 Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 6.875% Series D Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.12), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed March 6, 2019.
*4.14 Deposit Agreement relating to 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated October 3, 2019, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed October 3, 2019.
*4.15 Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 6.50% Series E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.14), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed October 3, 2019.
*4.16 Deposit Agreement relating to 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated February 11, 2020, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed February 11, 2020.
*4.17 Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 6.125% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.16), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed February 11, 2020.
*4.18 Deposit Agreement relating to 7.75% Series G Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated September 14, 2022, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed September 14, 2022.
*4.19 Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 7.75% Series G Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.18), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed September 14, 2022.
*4.20 Deposit Agreement relating to 8.75% Series H Fixed-Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated September 10, 2025, among AGNC Investment Corp., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed September 10, 2025.
*4.21 Form of Depositary Receipt representing 1/1,000th of a share of 8.75% Series H Fixed-Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (included as part of Exhibit 4.20), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of Exhibit 4.2 of Form 8-K (File No. 001-34057) filed September 10, 2025.
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________________________________
* Previously filed
** This exhibit is being furnished rather than filed, and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing, in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K
† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
(b) Exhibits
See the exhibits filed herewith.
(c) Additional Financial Statement Schedules
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
AGNC INVESTMENT CORP. | ||||||||||||||
| By: | /s/ PETER J. FEDERICO | |||||||||||||
| Peter J. Federico President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||||||||
| Date: | October 29, 2026 | |||||||||||||
| By: | /s/ BERNICE E. BELL | |||||||||||||
| Bernice E. Bell Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||||||||||||||
| Date: | October 29, 2026 | |||||||||||||
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Exhibit 31.1
AGNC Investment Corp.
Certification Pursuant to Section 302(a)
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Peter J. Federico, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of AGNC Investment Corp.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an Annual Report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: | October 29, 2026 | |||||||
/s/ PETER J. FEDERICO | ||||||||
| Peter J. Federico | ||||||||
| President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
Exhibit 31.2
AGNC Investment Corp.
Certification Pursuant to Section 302(a)
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Bernice E. Bell, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of AGNC Investment Corp;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entitles, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an Annual Report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Date: | October 29, 2026 | |||||||
/s/ BERNICE E. BELL | ||||||||
| Bernice E. Bell | ||||||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||||
Exhibit 32
AGNC Investment Corp.
Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
We, Peter J. Federico, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer, and Bernice E. Bell, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of AGNC Investment Corp. (the “Company”), certify pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 that:
1.The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m); and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
/s/ PETER J. FEDERICO | ||||||||
| Name: | Peter J. Federico | |||||||
| Title: | President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||
| Date: | October 29, 2026 | |||||||
/s/ BERNICE E. BELL | ||||||||
| Name: | Bernice E. Bell | |||||||
| Title: | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||
| Date: | October 29, 2026 | |||||||
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.