Cadiz Inc 10-Q for FY2022 Q2
Cadiz Inc (CDZIP)
About this 10-Q
Cadiz Inc filed this 10-Q on August 12, 2022, covering the quarter ended June 30, 2022 (FY2022 Q2).
Headline figures
Quarter ended June 30, 2022, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $185K
- up 31.2% from $141K a year earlier
- Net loss
- $5.48M
- compared with a net loss of $11.56M a year earlier
united states
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
for the quarterly period ended
OR
for the transition period from …… to …….
Commission File Number
Cadiz Inc.
(Exact name of registrant specified in its charter)
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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| | | The |
| 1/1000th fractional interest in share of 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share) |
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The |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" , "smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
☐ Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☑
If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes
As of August 10, 2022, the Registrant had
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| PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
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| ITEM 1. Financial Statements |
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| Cadiz Inc. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |
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| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 |
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| Unaudited Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |
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| ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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| ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
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| PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
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| ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
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Cadiz Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)
| For the Three Months | ||||||||
| Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| ($ in thousands, except per share data) | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Costs and expenses: | ||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||
| Depreciation | ||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | ||||||||
| Operating loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest expense, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income tax expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss from equity-method investments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Less: Preferred stock dividend | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss applicable to common stock | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)
| For the Six Months |
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| Ended June 30, |
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2021 |
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| Total revenues |
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| Costs and expenses: |
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| General and administrative |
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| Depreciation |
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| Total costs and expenses |
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| Interest expense, net |
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| Loss before income taxes | ( |
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| Income tax expense | ( |
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| Loss from equity-method investments | ( |
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| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $ | ( |
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| Less: Preferred stock dividend |
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| Net loss and comprehensive loss applicable to common stock | $ | ( |
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| Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | ( |
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| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding |
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See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Cadiz Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| ($ in thousands, except per share data) | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Property, plant, equipment and water programs, net | ||||||||
| Long-term deposit/prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Equity-method investments | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| Right-of-use asset | ||||||||
| Long-term restricted cash | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued liabilities | ||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | ||||||||
| Dividend payable | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Long-term debt, net | ||||||||
| Long-term lease obligations with related party, net | ||||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock - $ par value; shares authorized at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; shares issued and outstanding – at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 | ||||||||
| % Series A cumulative, perpetual preferred stock - $ par value; shares authorized at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; shares issued and outstanding – at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 | ||||||||
| Common stock - $ par value; shares authorized at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; shares issued and outstanding – at June 30, 2022 and at December 31, 2021 | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Cadiz Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
| For the Six Months |
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| Ended June 30, |
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2022 |
2021 |
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| Cash flows from operating activities: |
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| Net loss |
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| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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| Depreciation |
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| Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs |
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| Amortization of right-of-use asset |
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| Interest expense added to loan principal |
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| Interest expense added to lease liability |
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| Loss on equity method investments |
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| Compensation charge for stock and share option awards |
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| Unrealized (gain) loss on warrant derivative liabilities |
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| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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| Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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| Net cash used in operating activities |
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| Cash flows from investing activities: |
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| Additions to property, plant and equipment and water programs |
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| Contributions to equity-method investments |
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| Net cash used in investing activities |
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| Cash flows from financing activities: |
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| Net proceeds from issuance of stock |
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| Proceeds from the issuance of warrants |
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| Dividend payments |
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| Principal payments on long-term debt |
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| Net cash provided by financing activities |
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| Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |
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| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period |
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| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period |
$ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Cadiz Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Unaudited)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 ($ in thousands, except share data)
| 8.875% Series A Cumulative | Additional | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Preferred Stock | Perpetual Preferred Stock | Paid-in | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares pursuant to direct offerings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on % series A cumulative perpetual preferred shares ($ per share) | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on % series A cumulative perpetual preferred shares ($ per share) | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Unaudited)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 ($ in thousands, except share data)
| Additional | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Preferred Stock | Paid-in | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of warrant liability | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares pursuant to ATM offerings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares pursuant to ATM offerings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares pursuant to direct offering | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares pursuant to exercise of warrants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of preferred shares to common shares | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of shares to lenders | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2021 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes have been prepared by Cadiz Inc., also referred to as “Cadiz” or “the Company”, without audit and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The foregoing Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which management considers necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire fiscal year ending December 31, 2022.
Liquidity
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared using accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which assumes realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business.
The Company incurred losses of $
Cash requirements during the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily reflect certain administrative costs related to the Company’s water project development efforts and the further development of its land and agricultural assets. The Company’s present activities are focused on development of its assets in ways that meet growing long-term demand for access to sustainable water supplies and agricultural products.
On June 7, 2021, the Company completed the sale and issuance of
On June 29, 2021, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement with BRS as representative of the several underwriters named there, to issue and sell an aggregate of
On July 2, 2021, the Company entered into a new $
On March 23, 2022, the Company completed the sale and issuance of
The Company may meet its debt and working capital requirements through a variety of means, including extension, refinancing, equity placements, the sale or other disposition of assets, or reductions in operating costs. The covenants in the Senior Secured Debt do not prohibit the Company’s use of additional equity financing and allow the Company to retain 100% of the proceeds of any common equity financing. The Company does not expect the loan covenants to materially limit its ability to finance its water and agricultural development activities.
Management assesses whether the Company has sufficient liquidity to fund its costs for the next twelve months from each financial statement issuance date. Management evaluates the Company’s liquidity to determine if there is a substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In the preparation of this liquidity assessment, management applies judgement to estimate the projected cash flows of the Company including the following: (i) projected cash outflows (ii) projected cash inflows and (iii) categorization of expenditures as discretionary versus non-discretionary. The cash flow projections are based on known or planned cash requirements for operating costs as well as planned costs for project development.
Limitations on the Company’s liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect it. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet the Company’s resource development activities. Although the Company currently expects its sources of capital to be sufficient to meet its near-term liquidity needs, there can be no assurance that its liquidity requirements will continue to be satisfied. If the Company cannot raise needed funds, it might be forced to make substantial reductions in its operating or project development expenses, which could adversely affect its ability to implement its current business plan and ultimately its viability as a company.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
During the six months ended June 30, 2022, approximately $
At June 30, 2022, accruals for cash dividends payable on the Series A Preferred Stock was $
The balance of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is comprised of the following:
| Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | June 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | June 30, 2021 | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted Cash | ||||||||||||
| Long Term Restricted Cash | ||||||||||||
| Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
The restricted cash amounts primarily represent funds deposited into a segregated account, representing an amount sufficient to pre-fund quarterly dividend payments on Series A Preferred Stock underlying the Depositary Shares issued in the Depositary Share Offering through approximately July 2023.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted
In June 2016, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update which introduces new guidance for the accounting for credit losses on certain financial instruments. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing this new guidance and expects this new standard will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 2 – LONG-TERM DEBT
On June 28, 2021, an affiliate of BRS entered into an assignment and assumption agreement (“Assignment”) whereby it agreed to purchase all outstanding obligations under the Company’s then existing senior secured debt for $77.5 million. This Assignment closed on July 2, 2021.
On July 2, 2021, the Company entered into a new $
In the event of certain asset sales, the incurrence of indebtedness or a casualty or condemnation event, in each case, under certain circumstances as described in the Credit Agreement, the Company will be required to use a portion of the proceeds to prepay amounts under the debt. In the event of any additional issuance of depositary receipts (“Depositary Receipts”) representing interests in shares of
The Credit Agreement includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, including delivery of financial statements and other reports. The negative covenants limit the ability of the Company to, among other things, incur debt, incur liens, make investments, sell assets, pay dividends and enter into transactions with affiliates. In addition, the Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and remedies.
While any amount remains outstanding under the debt, the Lenders will have the right to convert the outstanding principal, plus unpaid interest, on the debt into Depositary Receipts at the per share exchange price of $
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at any time after the 12-month anniversary of the closing of the debt, and on or before the 18-month anniversary of the closing of the debt, up to |
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at any time after the 18-month anniversary of the closing of the debt, and on or before the 24-month anniversary of the closing of the debt, up to |
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at any time after the 24-month anniversary of the closing of the debt, up to |
The proceeds of the Senior Secured Debt were used, together with the proceeds received from the Depositary Share Offering, (a) to repay all of the Company’s outstanding obligations under the then existing senior secured debt, (b) to deposit approximately $
In connection with the issuance of the Senior Secured Debt, on July 2, 2021 (the “Original Issue Date”) the Company issued to the Lenders
As a result of the issuance of the Warrants, which met the criteria for equity classification under applicable GAAP, the Company recorded additional paid-in capital in the amount of $
NOTE 3 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
The Company has issued options and has granted stock awards pursuant to its 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as described below.
2019 Equity Incentive Plan
The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2019 EIP”), was originally approved by stockholders at the July 10, 2019 Annual Meeting, with an amendment to the plan approved by stockholders at the July 12, 2022 Annual Meeting. The plan, as amended, provides for the grant and issuance of up to
Effective July 1, 2021, under the 2019 EIP, each outside director receives $
Stock Awards to Directors, Officers, and Consultants
The Company has granted stock awards pursuant to its 2019 EIP.
Of the total
Of the
Upon the change of the Executive Chair on February 4, 2022, a total of
Additionally, the Company issued
The accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss include approximately $
NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXES
As of June 30, 2022, the Company had net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $
As of June 30, 2022, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits totaling approximately $
The Company's tax years through 2021 remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, and tax years through 2021 remain subject to examination by California tax jurisdictions. In addition, the Company's loss carryforward amounts are generally subject to examination and adjustment for a period of years for federal tax purposes and years for California purposes, beginning when such carryovers are utilized to reduce taxes in a future tax year.
Because it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize its net deferred tax assets, it has recorded a full valuation allowance against all deferred assets. Accordingly, deferred tax asset has been reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
NOTE 5 – NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Options, deferred stock units, convertible debt, convertible preferred shares and warrants were not considered in the computation of net loss per share because their inclusion would have been antidilutive. Had these instruments been included, the fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding would have increased by approximately
NOTE 6 – LEASES & PROPERTY, PLANT, EQUIPMENT AND WATER PROGRAMS
The Company has operating leases for right-of-way agreements, corporate offices, vehicles and office equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of
From a lessor standpoint, in February 2016, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Fenner Valley Farms LLC (“FVF”) (the “lessee”), pursuant to which FVF is leasing, for a
During the six months ended June 30, 2022, $
Depreciation expense on land improvements, buildings, leasehold improvements, machinery and equipment and furniture and fixtures was $
NOTE 7 – COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue
In January 2013, the Company revised its then existing agreement with the law firm of Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck LLP (“Brownstein”), a related party. Under this agreement, the Company is to issue up to a total of
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All shares earned upon achievement of any of the remaining milestones will be payable years from the date earned.
Series 1 Preferred Stock
The Company has issued a total of
Series A Preferred Stock
On June 29, 2021, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement with BRS as representative of the several underwriters named there, to issue and sell an aggregate of
On July 1, 2021, the Company filed the Certificate of Designation (“Certificate of Designation”) for the Series A Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, which became effective upon acceptance for record. The Certificate of Designation classified a total of
As set forth in the Certificate of Designation, the Series A Preferred Stock will rank, as to dividend rights and rights upon the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up: (i) senior to Common Stock of the Company; (ii) junior to the Series 1 Preferred Stock with respect to the distribution of assets upon the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up; (iii) senior to the Series 1 Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and (iv) effectively junior to all the Company’s existing and future indebtedness (including indebtedness convertible into Common Stock or preferred stock) and to the indebtedness and other liabilities of (as well as any preferred equity interests held by others in) the Company’s existing or future subsidiaries.
Holders of Series A Preferred Stock, when and as authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors, are entitled to cumulative cash dividends at the rate of
At the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock, the Company pre-funded eight quarterly payments through July 2023 in a segregated account which appears as Restricted Cash on the Balance Sheet. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock underlying the depositary shares will continue to accumulate whether or not (i) any of our agreements prohibit the current payment of dividends, (ii) we have earnings or funds legally available to pay the dividends, or (iii) our Board of Directors does not declare the payment of the dividends.
Holders of depositary shares representing interests in the Series A Preferred Stock generally will have no voting rights. However, if we do not pay dividends on any outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock for six or more quarterly dividend periods (whether or not declared or consecutive), holders of the Series A Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other outstanding series of preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable) will be entitled to elect two additional directors to the Board of Directors to serve until all unpaid dividends have been fully paid or declared and set apart for payment.
On and after July 2, 2026, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be redeemable at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $
Shares of Series A Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of Common Stock if, and only if, a change of control or delisting event (each as defined in the Certificate of Designation) has occurred, and the Company has not elected to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock prior to the applicable conversion date. Upon any conversion, each share of Series A Preferred Stock will be converted into that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the lesser of (i) the quotient obtained by dividing (A) the sum of (x) the $
The Company has
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the following discussion contains trend analysis and other forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “intends”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “projects”, “forecasts”, “expects”, “plans” and “proposes”. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. These include, among others, our ability to maximize value from our land and water resources and our ability to obtain new financings as needed to meet our ongoing working capital needs. See additional discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof. We assume no duty to update these forward-looking statements to reflect new, changed or unanticipated events or circumstances, other than as may be required by law.
We are a water solutions company and agribusiness committed to sustainable water and farming projects in California. We are one of the largest private landowners in the state and control significant water supply, storage and conveyance assets capable of being part of the solution to California’s systemic water challenges.
We own approximately 45,000 acres of land with high-quality, naturally-recharging groundwater resources in three areas of Southern California’s Mojave Desert – the Cadiz Valley (35,000 acres), Danby Dry Lake (2,000 acres), and the Piute Valley (9,000 acres) (“Cadiz Property”). Our properties represent a unique private reserve of lands with vested water rights located in a remote area of eastern San Bernardino County that is at the crossroads of major highway, rail, energy, and water infrastructure capable of supplying and delivering necessary resources to communities in California and across the Western United States.
California and the Western United States face a persistent challenge in meeting the water needs of all of its residents. While the State of California has recognized a Human Right to Water, competing municipal, agricultural and environmental demands outpace the State’s available supply limiting the ability to deliver on that promise. Recent analysis from the California State Water Resources Control Board estimates that approximately 1 million Californians lack reliable access to water and several communities are short of long-term safe, reliable and affordable drinking water supplies.
We are principally focused on developing the Cadiz Valley Water Conservation and Storage Project (“Water Project”) at our Cadiz Valley property that can help address California’s persistent systemic water challenges and deliver new water access to California communities that presently lack reliable water supplies and infrastructure. Through management of groundwater at the Cadiz Property, the Water Project would conserve groundwater otherwise used for agriculture or lost to evaporation to augment supply available in California communities and also make available capacity in the managed groundwater aquifer system at Cadiz to bank and store imported water for future dry years.
The Water Project has completed extensive environmental review in accordance with local, state and federal law and has secured permits to manage the groundwater aquifer in Cadiz to make available an average of 50,000 acre-feet of water per year for 50 years to communities off of the Cadiz Property. Permitting has also authorized the storage of imported water in the aquifer system for return in dry years. The Cadiz aquifer system has the capacity to store one million acre-feet of imported water.
To deliver water to and from the Cadiz Property for participating water providers, the Water Project must provide conveyance facilities capable of connecting Cadiz and areas in need. We own a retired, 30” steel pipeline (“Northern Pipeline”) previously used to convey oil that extends 220-miles from California’s Central Valley near the California Aqueduct southeast across Kern and San Bernardino Counties terminating in Cadiz. This pipeline crosses the Los Angeles Aqueduct and facilities of the State Water Project. Engineering and technical assessments indicate that the Northern Pipeline can safely convey 25,000 acre-feet of water in either direction. We also maintain a 99-year lease with the Arizona & California Railroad Company (“ARZC”) to co-locate and construct a 43-mile, approximately 55-85” steel water conveyance pipeline (“Southern Pipeline”) within the existing, active railroad right-of-way that intersects the Colorado River Aqueduct (“CRA”), one of Southern California’s primary sources of drinking water in Southern California. The Southern Pipeline would have a maximum capacity to convey up to 150,000 acre-feet per year in either direction.
To utilize the Northern Pipeline for water conveyance related to the Water Project or to construct and operate the Southern Pipeline in coordination with existing water conveyance facilities, we must complete additional permitting and regulatory processes.
We expect to complete any necessary permitting in coordination with any contract by a third party to use the facilities.
Our agricultural operations currently provide the Company’s principal source of revenue, although our working capital needs are not fully supported by our agricultural lease and farming returns at this time. We believe that the ultimate implementation of the Water Project will provide a significant source of future cash flow for the business and our stockholders. We presently rely upon debt and equity financing to support our working capital needs and development of the Water Project (see “Liquidity and Capital Resources”, below).
Our current and future operations also include activities that further our commitments to sustainable stewardship of our land and water resources, good governance and corporate social responsibility. We believe these commitments are important investments that will assist in maintenance of sustained stockholder value.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022, Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
We have not received significant revenues from our water resource and real estate development activity to date. Our revenues have been limited to rental income from our agricultural leases. As a result, we have historically incurred a net loss from operations. We incurred a net loss of $5.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to a $11.6 million net loss during the three months ended June 30, 2021. The higher 2021 loss was primarily due to stock-based non-cash bonus awards to employees and higher interest expense in that period.
Our primary expenses are our ongoing overhead costs associated with the development of the Water Project (i.e., general and administrative expense) and our interest expense. We will continue to incur non-cash expenses in connection with our management and director equity incentive compensation plans.
Revenues Revenue totaled $185,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $141,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Revenues primarily related to rental income from our agricultural leases.
General and Administrative Expenses General and Administrative Expenses, exclusive of stock-based compensation costs, totaled $3.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $3.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2021.
Compensation costs for stock and option awards for the three months ended June 30, 2022, were $0.4 million, compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021. The higher 2021 expense was primarily due to stock-based non-cash bonus awards to employees.
Depreciation Depreciation expense totaled $172,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $103,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2021. The higher 2022 depreciation expense is primarily due to construction in progress placed into service in June 2022, which included stand establishment and land improvements related to the planting of 760 acres of alfalfa.
Interest Expense, net Net interest expense totaled $2.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $4.9 million during the same period in 2021. The following table summarizes the components of net interest expense for the two periods (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended |
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| June 30, |
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| 2022 |
2021 |
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| Interest on outstanding debt |
$ | 1,463 | $ | 2,939 | ||||
| Amortization of debt discount |
592 | 6 | ||||||
| Amortization of deferred loan costs |
- | 1,913 | ||||||
| $ | 2,055 | $ | 4,858 | |||||
Loss from Equity-Method Investments Loss from equity-method investments related to our 50% ownership in the SoCal Hemp JV LLC totaled $35,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $366,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022, Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
We incurred a net loss of $11.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to a $17.5 million net loss during the six months ended June 30, 2021. The higher 2021 loss was primarily due to stock-based non-cash bonus awards to employees and higher interest expense in that period.
Revenues Revenue totaled $328,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $280,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Revenues primarily related to rental income from our agricultural leases.
General and Administrative Expenses General and Administrative Expenses, exclusive of stock-based compensation costs, totaled $6.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $6.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Compensation costs for stock and option awards for the six months ended June 30, 2022, were $0.9 million, compared to $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The higher 2021 expense was primarily due to stock-based non-cash bonus awards to employees.
Depreciation Depreciation expense totaled $293,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $206,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2021. The higher 2022 depreciation expense is primarily due to construction in progress placed into service in June 2022, which included land development and stand establishment related to the planting of 760 acres of alfalfa.
Interest Expense, net Net interest expense totaled $4.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $7.4 million during the same period in 2021. The following table summarizes the components of net interest expense for the two periods (in thousands):
| Six Months Ended |
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| June 30, |
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| 2022 |
2021 |
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| Interest on outstanding debt |
$ | 2,887 | $ | 5,601 | ||||
| Unrealized (gains) losses on warrants, net |
- | (573 | ) |
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| Amortization of debt discount |
1,160 | 12 | ||||||
| Amortization of deferred loan costs |
- | 2,360 | ||||||
| $ | 4,047 | $ | 7,400 | |||||
Loss from Equity-Method Investments Loss from equity-method investments related to our 50% ownership in the SoCal Hemp JV LLC totaled $169,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $569,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Current Financing Arrangements
As we have not received significant revenues from our development activities to date, we have been required to obtain financing to bridge the gap between the time water resource and other development expenses are incurred and the time that revenue will commence. Historically, we have addressed these needs primarily through secured debt financing arrangements and private equity placements.
On June 7, 2021, we completed the sale and issuance of 1,219,512 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain institutional investors under a placement agent agreement with B. Riley Securities, Inc. (“BRS”). The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $12.30 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $15 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $14.1 million. We used the net proceeds from this offering, together with cash on hand, to fund the $19 million payment made on June 30, 2021 to complete the acquisition of a 124-mile extension of the Northern Pipeline.
On June 29, 2021, we entered into an Underwriting Agreement with BRS as representative of the several underwriters named therein, to issue and sell an aggregate of 2,000,000 depositary shares (the “Depositary Shares”), as well as up to 300,000 Depositary Shares that may be sold pursuant to the exercise of an option to purchase additional Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1000th of a share of Series A Preferred Stock (“Depositary Share Offering”). The liquidation preference of each of each share of Series A Preferred Stock is $25,000 ($25.00 per Depositary Share). The Depositary Share Offering was completed on July 2, 2021 for net proceeds of approximately $54 million.
On July 2, 2021, we entered into a $50 million new credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) (see Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Long-Term Debt”). The proceeds of the Credit Agreement, together with the proceeds from the Depositary Share Offering, were used to (a) to repay all our outstanding obligations under the then existing senior secured debt in the amount of approximately $77.5 million (b) to deposit approximately $10.2 million into a segregated account, representing an amount sufficient to pre-fund eight quarterly dividend payments on the Series A Preferred Stock underlying the Depositary Shares issued in the Depositary Share Offering, and (c) to pay transaction related expenses. The remaining proceeds are being used for working capital needs and for general corporate purposes.
On March 23, 2022, we completed the sale and issuance of 6,857,140 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain institutional and individual investors in a registered direct offering. The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $1.75 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $12 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $11.7 million. The proceeds are being used for working capital needs and for general corporate purposes.
Limitations on our liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect us. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet our resource development activities. To the extent additional capital is required, we may increase liquidity through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, through the lease, sale or other disposition of assets or reductions in operating costs. If additional capital is required, no assurances can be given as to the availability and terms of any new financing.
As we continue to actively pursue our business strategy, additional financing will continue to be required. See “Outlook” below. The covenants in the Senior Secured Debt do not prohibit our use of additional equity financing and allow us to retain 100% of the proceeds of any equity financing. We do not expect the loan covenants to materially limit our ability to finance our water and agricultural development activities.
Cash Used in Operating Activities. Cash used in operating activities totaled $7.6 million and $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The cash was primarily used to fund general and administration expenses related to our water development efforts and agricultural development efforts.
Cash Used in Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities totaled $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and $20.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The cash used in the 2022 period primarily related to development costs for the initial planting of 760 acres of alfalfa. The 2021 period included additions to well development and water quality and structural testing of a five-mile segment of pipeline.
Cash Provided by Financing Activities. Cash provided by financing activities totaled $9.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared with cash provided of $30.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Proceeds from financing activities for both periods reported are primarily related to the issuance of shares under direct and at-the-market offerings.
Outlook
Short-Term Outlook. In March 2022, the registered direct offering of common stock provided net cash proceeds of approximately $11.7 million. These net cash proceeds, together with cash on hand, provide us with sufficient funds to meet our short-term working capital needs.
Long-Term Outlook. In the longer term, we will need to raise additional capital to finance working capital needs and capital expenditures (see “Current Financing Arrangements”, above). Our future working capital needs will depend upon the specific measures we pursue in the entitlement and development of our water resources and other developments. Future capital expenditures will depend on the progress of the Water Project and further expansion of our agricultural assets.
We are evaluating the amount of cash needed, and the manner in which such cash will be raised, on an ongoing basis. We may meet any future cash requirements through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, or through the sale or other disposition of assets. Equity placements will be undertaken only to the extent necessary, so as to minimize the dilutive effect of any such placements upon our existing stockholders. No assurances can be given, however, as to the availability or terms of any new financing. Limitations on our liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect us. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet our resource development activities.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Basis of Presentation”.
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Reg. 240.12b-2 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information related to the Company, including its consolidated entities, is accumulated and communicated to senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the “Principal Executive Officer”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “Principal Financial Officer”) and to its Board of Directors. Based on their evaluation as of June 30, 2022, the Company's Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
In connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, there was no change identified in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
| Legal Proceedings |
As reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 in March 2021, two lawsuits were filed by The Native American Land Conservancy/National Park Conservation Association and Center for Biological Diversity/Defenders of Wildlife/Sierra Club against the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) and agency decision makers in United States District Court for the Central District of California (the “Court”) related to two right-of-way permits granted in December 2020 to our subsidiary CRE LLC that now enable us to transport water through the Northern Pipeline over BLM managed lands. (approx. 58 miles of the 220 mile pipeline). The lawsuits allege violations by BLM of various regulations in its issuance of the rights-of-way and seek to cause BLM to conduct additional environmental review and consultation. In August 2021, the Company was recognized by the Court as an Intervening Defendant.
In December 2021, counsel for BLM filed Motions for Voluntary Remand (“Motions”) in both cases, seeking to remand the permits back to the BLM for additional environmental review. We believe the record reflects that the permits were properly issued to us and that our conversion of this existing oil pipeline for water conveyance will not cause any disturbance or adverse impacts to the public lands.
In March 2022, we filed opposition to the Motions, and on May 5, 2022, the Court held a hearing on the Motions. Following oral argument, the Motions were taken under submission and a final ruling has not yet been issued by the Court.
While we continue to believe the lawsuits are without merit, we cannot reasonably predict the outcome of the Motions or the cases at this time.
| Risk Factors |
There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
| Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
Not applicable.
| Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
Not applicable.
| Mine Safety Disclosures |
Not applicable.
| Other Information |
Not applicable.
| Exhibits |
The following exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
| * 3.1 |
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| * 3.2 |
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| * 10.1 |
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| * 31.1 |
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| * 31.2 |
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| * 32.1 |
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| * 32.2 |
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| * 101.INS |
Inline XBRL Instance Document (the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
| * 101.SCH |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| * 101.CAL |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| * 101.DEF |
Inline XBRL Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| * 101.LAB |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| * 101.PRE |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| 104 |
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
__________________________
| * |
Filed concurrently herewith. |
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| Cadiz Inc. |
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| By: |
/s/ Scott S. Slater |
August 12, 2022 |
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Scott S. Slater | Date |
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Chief Executive Officer and President |
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| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| By: |
/s/ Stanley E. Speer |
August 12, 2022 | |
| Stanley E. Speer | Date |
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| Chief Financial Officer and Secretary | |||
| (Principal Financial Officer) |
EXHIBIT 3.2
BYLAWS OF CADIZ, INC.
ARTICLE I
CORPORATE OFFICES
1.1 Registered Office.
The registered office of the corporation shall be Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware 19801. The name of the registered agent of the corporation at such location shall be the Corporation Trust Company.
1.2 Principal Offices.
The Board of Directors shall fix the location of the principal executive office of the corporation at any place within or outside the State of Delaware. If the principal executive office is located outside this State and the corporation has one or more business offices in this State, the Board of Directors shall likewise fix and designate a principal business office in the State of Delaware.
1.3 Other Office.
The Board of Directors may at any time establish other offices at any place or places where the corporation is qualified to do business.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
2.1 Place of Meetings.
Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside the State of Delaware as designated by the Board of Directors. In the absence of any such designation, stockholders' meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the corporation.
2.2 Annual Meeting.
The Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall be held each year on a date and at a time designated by the Board of Directors. At the meeting, directors shall be elected and any other proper business may be transacted.
2.3 Special Meeting.
A special meeting of the stockholders may be called only (a) by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board for adoption) or (b) by the Chief Executive Officer or the President. Special meetings may not be called by any other person or persons. Business transacted at each special meeting shall be confined to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of such meetings.
2.4 Notice of Stockholders' Meetings.
Notices of meeting with stockholders shall be in writing and shall be sent or otherwise given in accordance with Section 2.5 of these Bylaws not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify the place, date and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
2.5 Manner of Giving Notice; Affidavit of Notice.
Written notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the corporation, unless he shall have filed with the Secretary of the corporation a written request that notices be mailed to some other address, in which case it shall be directed to the stockholder at such other address. An affidavit of the Secretary or an assistant secretary or of the transfer agent of the corporation that the notice has been given shall be, in the absence of fraud, prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
2.6 Quorum.
The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, then either the chairman of the meeting of the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed.
When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which, by provision of the statutes or of the Certificate of Incorporation, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of the questions.
2.7 Adjourned Meeting; Notice.
When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these Bylaws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
2.8 Conduct of Business.
At each meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of the Board, the President and Chief Operating Officer or a Vice President, as determined by the Board of Directors or, if not so determined, in the order referred to and by seniority if there be more than one officer of any rank so referred to, or in the absence of any such officer, a chairman chosen by the vote of the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to cast a majority of the votes which might be cast at such meeting for the election of directors or, if in the case of a special meeting at which directors are not to be elected, the other matter(s) to be voted on at the meeting, shall act as chairman. The Secretary, or in his or her absence an Assistant Secretary, or in the absence of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, a person whom the Chairman of the meeting shall appoint, shall act as Secretary of the meeting and keep a record of the proceedings thereof. The Board of Directors of the corporation shall be entitled to make such rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations of the Board of Directors, if any, the Chairman of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such Chairman, are necessary, appropriate or convenient to the proper conduct of the meeting, including without limitation, establishing an agenda or order for business for the meeting, rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present, limitations on participation in such meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation and their duly authorized and constituted proxies and such other persons as the Chairman shall permit, restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants and regulation of the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot. Unless, and except to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.
2.9 Voting.
A stockholder may vote in person or by proxy. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any corporate action to be taken by a vote of the stockholders shall be authorized by the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon.
Except as may be otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder.
2.10 Waiver of Notice.
Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need to be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
2.11 Record Date for Stockholder Notice; Voting; Giving Consents.
In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days prior to any other action. If the Board of Directors does not so fix a record date:
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a. |
The record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. |
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b. |
The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution thereto. |
A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
2.12 Proxies.
Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him by a written proxy, signed by the stockholder and filed with the Secretary of the corporation, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the stockholder's name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature, typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the stockholder or the stockholder's attorney-in-fact.
2.13 Stockholder Action by Written Consent Not Authorized.
Any election or other action by stockholders must be effected at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and may not be effected by written consent without a meeting.
2.14 List of Stockholders.
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. Such list shall presumptively determine the identity of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and the number of shares held by each of them.
2.15 Inspectors of Election.
Before any meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors may appoint any persons to act as inspectors of election at the meeting or its adjournment. If no inspectors of election are appointed, the Chairman of the meeting may, and on the request of any stockholder or his proxy shall, appoint inspectors of election of the meeting. The number of inspectors shall be either one (1) or three (3). If inspectors are appointed at a meeting on the request of one (1) or more stockholders or proxies, the holders of a majority of shares or their proxies present at the meeting shall determine whether one (1) or three (3) inspectors are to be appointed. If any person appointed as inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment by the Board of Directors before the meeting, or by the Chairman at the meeting.
The duties of the inspectors of election shall be as follows:
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Determine the number outstanding and the voting power of each, the number of shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum and the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies; |
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b. |
Receive votes or ballots; |
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c. |
Hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote; |
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d. |
Count and tabulate all votes; |
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e. |
Determine the election result; and |
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f. |
Do any other acts that may be proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. |
2.16 Notice of Stockholder Business.
At an annual meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (a) specified in the notice of the meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (b) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (c) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder. For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, a stockholder must have given timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, not less than 90 days prior to the meeting. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting (a) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation's books, of the stockholder proposing such business, (c) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder and (d) any material interest of the stockholder in such business. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.16. The Chairman of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting and in accordance with the provisions of this Section, and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before such meeting shall not be transacted.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
3.1 Powers.
Subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware and any limitations in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws relating to action required to be approved by the stockholders or by the outstanding shares, the business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
Without prejudice to such general powers, but subject to the same limitations, it is hereby expressly declared that the Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to:
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Select and remove all officers, agents and employees of the corporation, prescribe such powers and duties for them as may not be inconsistent with law, with the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, fix their compensation and require from them security for faithful service. |
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Change the principal executive office or the principal business office in the State of Delaware, if any, from one location to another; cause the corporation to be qualified to do business in any other State, territory, dependency or foreign country, and conduct business within or without the State; designate any place within or without the State for the holding of any stockholders' meeting or meetings, including annual meetings; adopt, make and use a corporate seal, and prescribe the forms of certificates of stock, and alter the form of such seal and of such certificates from time to time as in their judgment they may deem best, provided that such forms shall at all times comply with the provisions of law. |
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Authorize the issuance of shares of stock of the corporation from time to time, upon such terms as may be lawful. |
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Borrow money and incur indebtedness for the purposes of the corporation, and cause to be executed and delivered therefor, in the corporate name, promissory notes, bonds, debentures, deeds of trust, mortgages, pledges, hypothecations or other evidences of debt and securities therefor. |
3.2 Number of Directors.
This Board of Directors shall consist of seven (7) persons, and thereafter shall be fixed from time to time exclusively by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board for adoption).
No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director before that director's term of office expires.
3.3 Election, Qualification and Term of Office of Directors.
Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, wherein other qualifications for directors may be prescribed. Each director, including a director elected to fill a vacancy, shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal.
3.4 Resignation and Vacancies.
Any director may resign at any time effective upon written notice to the attention of the Secretary of the corporation unless the notice specifies a later date for the effectiveness of such resignation, in which case such resignation shall be effective at the time specified. Unless such resignation specified otherwise, its acceptance by the corporation shall not be necessary to make it effective. When one or more directors so resigns and the resignation is effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, though less than quorum, including those who have so resigned, or the sole remaining directors, shall have the power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in this section in the filling of other vacancies.
Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws:
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Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors, elected by all of the stockholders having the right to vote as a single class, may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. |
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Whenever the holders of any class or classes of stock or series thereof are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of these Bylaws, vacancies and newly created directorships of such class or classes or series may be filled by a majority of the directors elected by such class or classes or series thereof then in office, or by a sole remaining director so elected. |
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c. |
A director elected or appointed to fill a vacancy shall serve until the next election of the class for which such director shall have been chosen, and until a successor shall be elected and qualified. |
3.5 Place of Meetings; Meetings by Telephone.
The Board of Directors of the corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participating in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
3.6 Regular Meetings.
Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board. In the absence of such determination, regular meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the corporation.
3.7 Special Meetings; Notice.
Special meetings of the Board of Directors for any purposes may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any vice president, the Secretary or any two (2) directors.
Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally or by telephone to each director or sent by first-class mail or telegram or other facsimile transmission, charges prepaid, addressed to each director at that director's address as it is shown on the records of the corporation. If the notice is mailed, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is delivered personally or by telephone or telegram, it shall be delivered personally or by telephone or to the telegraph company at least forty-eight (48) hours before the time of the holding of the meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be communicated either to the director or to a person at the office of the director who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the director. The notice need not specify the place of the meeting if the meeting is to be held at the principal executive office of the corporation.
3.8 Annual Meetings.
Immediately following each annual meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting for the purpose of transacting other business. Notice of this meeting shall not be required.
3.9 Quorum; Adjournment.
At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the authorized number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. Notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned meeting need not be given, unless the meeting is adjourned for more than twenty-four (24) hours, in which case notice of such time and place shall be given prior to the time of the adjourned meeting, in the manner specified in Section 3.7 of this Article III, to the directors who were not present at the time of the adjournment.
3.10 Waiver of Notice.
Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the directors, or members of a committee of directors, need to be specified in any written waiver or notice unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
3.11 Board Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.
3.12 Fees and Compensation of Directors.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of a special or standing committee may be allowed compensation for attending committee meetings.
3.13 Approval of Loans to Officers.
The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a director of the corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of Directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the corporation. Nothing contained in this section shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any statute.
3.14 Removal of Directors.
Unless otherwise allowed by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed only for cause by the holders of a majority of the shares voting and entitled to vote in an election of directors.
ARTICLE IV
COMMITTEES
4.l Committees of Directors.
The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the Board, designate one or more committees, with each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors establishing such committee or in the Bylaws of the corporation, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it, but no such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) amend the Certificate of Incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the Board of Directors, fix any of the preferences or rights of such shares relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets of the corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the corporation, (ii) adopt an agreement of merger or consolidation, (iii) recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all of the corporation's property and assets, (iv) recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the corporation or a revocation of a dissolution or (v) amend the Bylaws if the corporation; and, unless the Board resolution establishing the Committee, the Bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation expressly so provide, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger.
4.2 Committee Minutes.
Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.
4.3 Meetings and Actions of Committees.
Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken in accordance with the provisions of Article III of these Bylaws, Section 3.5 (place of meetings by telephone), Section 3.6 (regular meetings), Section 3.7 (special meetings and notice), Section 3.9 (quorum), Section 3.l0 (waiver of notice), and Section 3.ll (Board action by written consent without a meeting), with such changes in the context of those Bylaws as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members of the Board of Directors and its members; provided, however, that the time of regular meetings of committees may also be called by resolution of the Board of Directors and that notice of special meetings of committees shall also be given to all alternate members, who shall have right to attend all meetings of the committee. The Board of Directors may adopt rules for the government of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these Bylaws.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
5.l Officers.
The officers of the corporation shall be a Chairman of the Board, a President, a Secretary, and a Chief Financial Officer. The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a Chief Executive Officer, one or more vice presidents, a treasurer, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, and any such other officer as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3 of these Bylaws. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.
5.2 Election of Officers.
The officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Sections 5.3 or 5.5 of these Bylaws, shall be chosen by the Board of Directors.
5.3 Subordinate Officers.
The Board of Directors may appoint, or empower the President to appoint such other officers and agents as the business of the corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these Bylaws or as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.
5.4 Removal and Resignation of Officers.
Any officer may be removed, whether with or without cause, by the Board of directors at any regular or special meeting of the board or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the Board of Directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Board of Directors.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Secretary of the corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and unless otherwise specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party.
5.5 Vacancies in Offices.
Any vacancy occurring in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner prescribed in these Bylaws for regular appointments to that office.
5.6 Chairman of the Board.
The Chairman of the Board shall, if present, preside at meetings of the Board of Directors and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or as may be prescribed by these Bylaws. If there is no President or Chief Executive Officer, then the Chairman of the Board shall also be the chief executive office of the corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in Section 5.7 of these Bylaws.
5.7 Chief Executive Officer.
Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction, and control of the business and the officers of the corporation. He shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, in the absence or nonexistence of a Chairman of the Board, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. He shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the chief executive officer of a corporation and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws.
5.8 President.
Subject to such powers as may be given by these Bylaws or the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer, if there be such officers, the President shall have general supervision, direction and control of the business and other officers of the corporation. He shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the president of a corporation, and such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board, the President shall perform all the duties of the Chairman of the Board, and when so acting shall have all of the powers of, and be subject to all of the restrictions upon, the Chairman of the Board.
5.9 Vice Presidents.
In the absence or disability of the president, the vice presidents, if any, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors, or, if not ranked, a vice president designated by the Board of Directors, shall perform all of the duties of the President and Chairman of the Board and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the president. The vice presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the Board of Directors, these Bylaws, the President or the Chairman of the Board.
5.l0 Secretary.
The Secretary shall keep or use to be kept, at the principal executive offices of the corporation or such other place as the Board of Directors may direct, a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of directors, committees of directors, and stockholders. The minutes shall show the time and place of each meeting, whether regular or special (and, if special, how authorized and the notice given), the names of those present at directors' meetings or committee meetings, the number of shares present or represented at stockholders' meetings, and the proceedings thereof.
The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive offices of the corporation or at the office of the corporation's transfer agent or registrar, as determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, a share register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of all stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number and date of certificates evidencing such shares, and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.
The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors required to be given by law or by these Bylaws. He shall keep the seal of the corporation, if one be adopted, in safe custody and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws.
5.ll Chief Financial Officer.
The Chief Financial Officer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the properties and business transactions of the corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, retained earnings, and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection by any director.
The Chief Financial Officer shall deposit all money and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the corporation with such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the President and directors, whenever they request it, an account of all of his transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws.
5.l2 Representation of Shares of Other Corporations.
The Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any vice president, the Chief Financial Officer, the Secretary or assistant secretary of this corporation, or any other person authorized by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President, is authorized to vote, represent, and exercise on behalf of this corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority granted herein may be exercised by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such persons having the authority.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNITY
6.l Third Party Actions.
The corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless to the fullest extent authorized by Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists and as hereafter amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said Delaware General Corporation Law permitted the corporation to provide prior to such amendment) any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or was a director, officer, employee or agent of a foreign or domestic corporation which was a predecessor corporation of this corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation (collectively, "Agent") against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit, or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit, or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. Such indemnification right shall be a contract right between the Agent and the corporation.
6.2 Action By or in the Right of the Corporation.
The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was an Agent of the corporation or serving at the request of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
6.3 Successful Defense; Service as a Witness.
To the extent that an Agent of the corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Sections 6.1 or 6.2 of this Article VI, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith.
To the extent any person who is or was a director or officer of the corporation has served or prepared to serve as a witness in any action, suit or proceeding (whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative in nature), or in any investigation by the corporation or the Board of Directors thereof or a committee thereof or by any securities exchange on which securities of the corporation are or were quoted or listed, by reason of, or in connection with, such person's services as a director or officer of the corporation or as a director or officer of any affiliate or predecessor of the corporation (other than in a suit commenced by such person), the corporation shall indemnify such person against expenses (including attorneys' fees and disbursements) and costs actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith within thirty (30) days after the receipt by the corporation from such person of a statement requesting such indemnification, averring such service and reasonably evidencing such costs and expenses. The corporation may indemnify any employee or agent of the corporation to the same extent as, or to a lesser extent than, it may indemnify any director or officer of the corporation pursuant to the foregoing sentence of this Section 6.3 of this Article.
6.4 Determination of Conduct.
Subject to any rights under any contract between this corporation and any Agent, any indemnification (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the Agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 6.1 or 6.2 of this Article VI. Such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors (or by an executive committee thereof) by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable, if a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (3) by the stockholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Agent of the corporation shall be able to contest any determination that the director or officer has not met the applicable standard of conduct, set forth in Section 6.1 or 6.2 of this Article VI, by petitioning a court of appropriate jurisdiction.
6.5 Payment of Expenses in Advance.
Expenses incurred in defending or settling a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding by an individual who may be entitled to indemnification pursuant to Section 6.1 or 6.2 of this Article VI shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding as authorized by the Board of Directors upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this Article VI. Such expenses incurred by other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Board of Directors deems appropriate.
6.6 Indemnity Not Exclusive.
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other subparagraphs of this Article VI shall not be deemed exclusive of, and shall be subject to, any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any Bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.
6.7 Insurance Indemnification.
The corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was an Agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as an Agent against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article VI.
6.8 Indemnification Contracts.
The Board of Directors is authorized to enter into a contract with any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or any person serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including employee benefit plans, providing for indemnification rights equivalent to or, if the Board of Directors so determines, greater than, those provided for in this Article VI.
6.9 Indemnity Fund.
Upon resolution passed by the Board of Directors, the Board of Directors may establish a trust or other designated account, grant a security interest or use other means (including, without limitation, a letter of credit), to ensure the payment of any or all of its obligations arising under this Article and/or agreements which may be entered into between the corporation and its officers from time to time.
6.10 Indemnification of Other Parties.
The provisions of this Article VI shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not an Agent, but whom the corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or otherwise. The corporation may, in its sole discretion, indemnify an employee, trustee or other agent as permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. The corporation shall indemnify an employee, trustee or other agent where required by law.
6.11 Accrual of Claims; Successors.
The indemnification provided or permitted under this Article VI shall apply in respect of any expense, cost, judgment, fine, penalty or amount paid in settlement, whether or not the claim or cause of action in respect thereof accrued or arose before or after the effective date of this Article. The right of any person who is or was a director or officer of the corporation to indemnification and expense advances under this Article shall continue after such person shall have ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, distributees, executors, administrators and other legal representatives of such person.
6.12 Effect of Amendment.
Any amendment, repeal or modification of any provision of this Article VI by the stockholders and the director of the corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director or officer of the corporation existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification.
6.13 Settlement of Claims.
The corporation shall not be liable to indemnify any director or executive officer under this Article VI: (i) for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected without the corporation's written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or (ii) for any judicial award, if the corporation was not given a reasonable and timely opportunity, at its expense, to participate in the defense of such action.
6.14 Subrogation.
In the event of payment under this Article VI, the corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the indemnified party who shall execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be necessary to enable the corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
6.15 No Duplication of Payments.
The corporation shall not be liable under this Article VI to make any payment in connection with any claim made against a director or executive officer to the extent such director or officer has otherwise actually received payment (under any insurance policy, agreement, vote, or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder.
6.16 The Corporation.
For purposes of this Article VI, references to "the corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger, so that any person which is or was an Agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as an Agent, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VI (including, without limitation, the provisions of Section 6.4 of this Agreement) with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
6.17 Employee Benefit Plans.
For purposes of this Article VI, references to "other enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involved services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the corporation" as referred to in this Article VI.
6.18 Savings Clause.
If this Article or any portion thereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Agent against expense (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal or administrative, and whether internal or external, including a grand jury proceeding and an action or suit brought by or in the right of the corporation, to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article that shall not have been invalidated or by any other applicable law.
ARTICLE VII
RECORDS AND REPORTS
7.1 Maintenance and Inspection of Share Register.
The Secretary of the corporation shall prepare and make, or cause to be made, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. The willful neglect or refusal of the directors to produce such a list at any meeting for the election of directors, shall make such directors ineligible for election to any office at such meeting.
The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list of stockholders required under this Section 7.1 of Article VII or the books of the corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.
Any stockholder, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon five (5) days written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records, and to make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean a purpose reasonably related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every instance where an attorney or other agent shall be the person who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or such other writing which authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the Corporation at its registered office in this State or at its principal place of business.
If the corporation or an officer or agent thereof refuses to permit an inspection sought by a stockholder or attorney or other agent acting for the stockholder pursuant to this Section 7.1 or does not reply to the demand within five (5) business days after the demand has been made, the stockholder may apply to the Court of Chancery for an order to compel such inspection.
Any director shall have the right to examine the corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders and its other books and records for a purpose reasonably related to his position as a director. The Court of Chancery is hereby vested with the exclusive jurisdiction to determine whether a director is entitled to the inspection sought.
7.2 Maintenance and Inspection of Bylaws.
The corporation shall keep at its principal executive office, or if its principal executive office is not in this State at its principal business office in this State, if any, the original or a copy of the Bylaws as amended to date, which shall be open to inspection by the stockholders at all reasonable times during office hours. If the principal executive office of the corporation is outside this State and the corporation has no principal business office in this State, the Secretary shall, upon the written request of any stockholder, furnish to such stockholder a copy of the Bylaws as amended to date.
7.3 Maintenance and Inspection of Other Corporate Records.
The accounting books and records and minutes of proceedings of the stockholders and the board of directors and any committee or committees of the board of directors shall be kept at such place or places designed by the board of directors, or, in the absence of such designation, at the principal executive office of the corporation. The minutes shall be kept in written form and the accounting books and records shall be kept either in written form or in any other form capable of being converted into written form. Such minutes and accounting books and records shall be open to inspection upon the written demand of any stockholder or holder of a voting trust certificate, at any reasonable time during usual business hours, for a purpose reasonably related to such holder's interests as a stockholder or as the holder of a voting trust certificate. Such inspection may be made in person or by an agent or attorney, and shall include the right to copy and make extracts.
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1 of this Article VII, every director shall have the absolute right at any reasonable time to inspect and copy all books, records and documents of every kind and to inspect the physical properties of the corporation and any subsidiary of the corporation in person or by agent or attorney and the right of inspection includes the right to copy and make extracts. The foregoing rights of inspection shall extend to the records of each subsidiary of the corporation.
7.4 Financial Statements.
A copy of any annual financial statement and any income statement of the corporation for each quarterly period of each fiscal year, and any accompanying balance sheet of the corporation as of the end of each such period, that has been prepared by the corporation shall be kept on file in the principal executive office of the corporation for twelve (12) months and each such statement shall be exhibited at all reasonable times to any stockholder demanding an examination of any such statement or a copy shall be mailed to any such stockholder.
The corporation also shall, upon the written request of any stockholder, mail to the stockholder a copy of the last annual, semiannual and quarterly income statement which it has prepared and a balance sheet as to the end of such period.
ARTICLE VIII
GENERAL MATTERS
8.1 Checks.
From time to time, the Board of Directors shall determine by resolution which person or persons may sign or endorse all checks, drafts, other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness that are issued in the name of or payable to the corporation, and only the persons so authorized shall sign or endorse those instruments.
8.2 Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments.
The Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless so authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.
8.3 Stock Certificates; Partly Paid Shares.
The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors of the corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertified shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the Board of Directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates and upon request every holder of uncertified shares shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the Chairman of the Board, or the President or Vice President, and by the Chief Financial Officer, or the Secretary or an assistant secretary of such corporation representing the number of shares registered in certificate form. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar, before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
The corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid therefor. Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent any such partly paid shares, upon the books and records of the corporation in the case of uncertified partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated. Upon the declaration of any dividend on fully paid shares, the corporation shall declare a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same class, but only upon the basis of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.
8.4 Special Designation on Certificates.
If the corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock; provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests such a statement of the powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
8.5 Lost Certificates.
The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates or uncertified shares to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates or uncertified shares, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
8.6 Annual Statement.
The Board of Directors shall present at each annual meeting, and at any special meeting of the stockholders when called for by vote of the stockholders, a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the corporation.
8.7 Construction; Definitions.
Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction, and definitions in the Delaware General Corporation Law shall govern the construction of these Bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes the singular, and the term "person" includes both a corporation and a natural person.
8.8 Dividends.
The Board of Directors of the corporation, subject to any restrictions contained in the General Corporation Law of Delaware or the Certificate of Incorporation, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of its capital stock. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the corporation's capital stock.
The directors of the corporation may set apart out of any of the funds of the corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and many abolish any such reserve. Such purposes shall include but not be limited to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, and meeting contingencies.
8.9 Fiscal Year.
The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors and may be changed by the Board of Directors.
8.10 Seal.
The corporation may adopt and may subsequently alter the corporation seal and it may use the same by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
8.11 Transfer of Stock.
Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate, and record the transaction in its books.
8.12 Stock Transfer Accounts.
The corporation shall have the power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
8.13 Registered Stockholders.
The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest is such share or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
8.14 Ratification.
Any transaction questioned in any lawsuit on the ground of lack of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of director, officer or stockholder, nondisclosure, miscomputation or the application of improper principles or practices of accounting may be ratified, before or after judgment, by the Board of Directors or the stockholders and, if so ratified , shall have the same force and effect as if the questioned transaction had been originally duly authorized. Such ratification shall be binding upon the corporation and its stockholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any judgment in respect of such questioned transaction.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS
9.1 Amendment by Stockholders.
Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed at any regular meeting of the stockholders (or at a special meeting duly called for that purpose) by the approval of at least a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at such meeting; provided that in the notice of such special meeting, notice of such purpose shall be given.
9.2 Amendment by Directors.
Subject to the laws of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may, by the majority vote of the entire Board of Directors, amend these Bylaws or enact such other bylaws as in their judgment may be advisable for the regulation of the conduct of the affairs of the corporation.
AMENDMENT TO THE BYLAWS
OF CADIZ INC.
This Amendment to the Bylaws of Cadiz Inc., a Delaware corporation, is effective as of June 10, 2016.
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Section 3.14 of the Bylaws of the Company is amended to read as follows: |
“3.14 Removal of Directors
Unless otherwise allowed by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares voting and entitled to vote in an election of directors.”
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Except as modified by this Amendment, the Bylaws of the Company remain unchanged and, as modified, continue in full force and effect. |
AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO THE BYLAWS
OF CADIZ INC.
This Amendment No. 2 to the Bylaws of Cadiz Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), is effective as of June 11, 2019.
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Section 2.16 of the Bylaws of the Company is amended to read as follows: |
“2.16 Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.
a. At an annual meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of the stockholders as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be: (A) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board, (B) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (C) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of notice provided for in this Section 2.16(a) and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.16(a) (a “Proposing Person”). For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a Proposing Person, the Proposing Person must have given timely notice thereof in writing, containing all information required by this Section 2.16(a)(I)-(II), to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a Proposing Person’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) calendar days but no more than one hundred twenty (120) calendar days in advance of the date that is the one year anniversary of the date on which the Corporation first mailed its proxy statement to stockholders in connection with the previous year’s annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the date of the annual meeting has been changed by more than thirty (30) days from the date that is the one year anniversary of the prior year’s meeting, notice by the Proposing Person to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or such public announcement (as defined below) was made by the Corporation, whichever occurs first. In no event shall an adjournment of an annual meeting for which notice has been given, or the public announcement thereof has been made, commence a new time period for the giving of a notice by a Proposing Person as described above. A Proposing Person’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth as to each matter the Proposing Person proposes to bring before the annual meeting:
I. Information Regarding the Proposal: (i) a description in reasonable detail of the business desired to be brought before the meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, including why the Proposing Person believes that the taking of the action or actions proposed would be in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders; (ii) a description in reasonable detail of any material interest of any Proposing Person and any Associated Person (as defined below) in such business and a description in reasonable detail of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between the Proposing Person or any Associated Person and any other person or entity in connection with the proposal; and (iii) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration); and
II. Information Regarding the Proposing Person: (i) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books; of such Proposing Person and any Associated Person; (ii) the class, series and number of shares of the Corporation directly or indirectly beneficially owned or held of record by the Proposing Person or any Associated Person (including any shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person or any Associated Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time); (iii) a representation (1) that the Proposing Person is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at the annual meeting and intends to appear at the annual meeting to bring such business before the annual meeting and (2) as to whether the Proposing Person intends to deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of shares of the Corporation entitled to vote and required to approve the proposal; (iv) a description of (1) any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right or similar right or interest (including any derivative securities, as defined under Rule 16a-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the “Exchange Act”), whether or not presently exercisable, with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of securities of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of securities of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right is subject to settlement in whole or in part in the underlying class or series of securities of the Corporation or otherwise, directly or indirectly held of record, owned beneficially, or otherwise owned or held by such Proposing Person or any Associated Person and (2) each other direct or indirect right or interest that may enable such Proposing Person or any Associated Person to profit or share in any profit derived from, or to manage the risk or benefit from, any increase or decrease in the value of the Corporation’s securities, in each case regardless of whether (x) such right or interest conveys any voting rights in such security to such Proposing Person or any Associated Person, (y) such right or interest is required to be, or is capable of being, settled through delivery of such security, or (z) such Proposing Person or any Associated Person may have entered into other transactions that hedge the economic effect of any such right or interest (any such right or interest referred to in this clause (iv) being a “Derivative Interest”); (v) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which the Proposing Person or any Associated Person has a right to vote any shares of the Corporation or which has the effect of increasing or decreasing the voting power of such Proposing Person or any Associated Person; (vi) any rights directly or indirectly held of record, beneficially, or otherwise by the Proposing Person or any Associated Person to dividends on the shares of the Corporation that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation; (vii) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) to which the Proposing Person or any Associated Person may be entitled as a result of any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation or Derivative Interests; and (viii) any other information that is required to be provided by the stockholder pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act, in such Proposing Person’s capacity as a proponent to a stockholder proposal.
Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this paragraph (a). The Chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting and in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph (a), and, if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting that any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in addition to the information described in this paragraph (a), in order to include information with respect to a stockholder proposal a proxy statement and form of proxy for a stockholder’s meeting, stockholders must provide notice as required by the regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act.
b. Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this paragraph (b) shall be eligible for election as directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a meeting of stockholders by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the Corporation entitled to vote in the election of directors at the meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this paragraph (b) (each such stockholder, a “Nominating Person”). Such nominations, other than those made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation in accordance with the timing provisions of paragraph (a) of this Section 2.16. Such Nominating Person’s notice shall set forth as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director (the “Proposed Nominee”):
I. Information Regarding the Proposed Nominee: (i) the name, age, business address, residence address, and principal occupation or employment of the Proposed Nominee; (ii) the information required by Section 2.16(a)(II), if the Proposed Nominee were a “Proposing Person;” (iii) any information relating to the Proposed Nominee that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for elections of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (including, without limitation, the Proposed Nominee’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement, if any, as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (iv) all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Items 403 and 404 under Regulation S-K if the Nominating Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the Proposed Nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant; (v) a completed questionnaire (in the form provided by the Secretary of the Corporation upon written request) with respect to the identity, background and qualification of the Proposed Nominee and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made; (vi) a description of all agreements, arrangements, or understandings between or among any of (A) the Nominating Person, (B) the Proposed Nominee, (C) any Associated Person of either the Nominating Person or the Proposed Nominee, and (D) any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) that relate to the nomination or pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the Nominating Person or relating to the candidacy or service of the Proposed Nominee as a director of the Corporation; and (vii) a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary of the Corporation upon written request) that the Proposed Nominee and all Associated Persons (1) are not and will not become a party to (x) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how the Proposed Nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (y) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with the Proposed Nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with the Proposed Nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (2) are not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, and (3) if elected as a director of the Corporation, the Proposed Nominee would be in compliance and will comply, with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, ethics, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation. The Corporation may require the Proposed Nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such Proposed Nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such Proposed Nominee.
II. Information Regarding the Nominating Person: the information required to be provided pursuant to Section 2.16(a)(II) if the Nominating Person were a “Proposing Person.”
No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this paragraph (b). The Chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the annual meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph (b), and if he or she should so determine, shall so declare to the meeting that the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
c. A Proposing Person or a Nominating Person providing notice of business or any nomination proposed to be brought before an annual meeting pursuant to this Section 2.16 must further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.16 is true and correct at all times up to and including the date of the meeting (including any date to which the meeting is recessed, adjourned or postponed). Any such update and supplement must be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, as promptly as practicable.
d. A stockholder is not entitled to have its proposal or director nomination included in the Corporation’s proxy statement and form of proxy solely as a result of such stockholder’s compliance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.16.
e. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.16, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to matters set forth in this Section 2.16. Nothing in this Section 2.16 shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
f. An “Associated Person” of a person is (i) any person that is an associate of such person within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(a) under the Exchange Act and (ii) any person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such person; the term “control” (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise.
g. For the purposes of this Section 2.16, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.”
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Except as modified by this Amendment No. 2, the Bylaws of the Company remain unchanged and, as modified, continue in full force and effect. |
AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO BYLAWS
OF CADIZ INC.
The bylaws of Cadiz Inc., a Delaware corporation, are hereby amended as follows:
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The Bylaws are hereby amended delete the text of Section 2.3 thereof in its entirety and insert the following in lieu thereof: |
“a. Except as otherwise provided by or pursuant to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation (including any certificate filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware establishing a series of preferred stock) (as the same may be amended or amended and restated, the “Certificate of Incorporation”), subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock, special meetings of stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, (i) may be called at any time and be held at, such date, time and place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated solely by (A) the Chief Executive Officer, (B) the President or (C) the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board of Directors for adoption) and (ii) shall be called by the Board of Directors and be held at such date (which date shall be within ninety (90) days of the delivery of the written request of a Qualified Stockholder or Qualified Stockholders (as each is defined below) or such later date as shall be required to allow the corporation to comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), time and place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated by the Board of Directors, upon the written request of the stockholder or stockholders of record of the corporation holding not less than twenty percent (20%) in voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation generally entitled to vote on the business for which such special meeting of stockholders is called (each of which such business must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action) (a “Qualified Stockholder” or “Qualified Stockholders,” respectively), delivered to the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation (x) not earlier than the thirtieth (30th) day following the date of any annual meeting of stockholders and (y) not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the date of any annual meeting of stockholders; provided, that such request is not revoked by written notice delivered to the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation at any time prior to the special meeting, in which case, the Board of Directors shall be entitled to cancel such special meeting notwithstanding that proxies in respect of the business for which such special meeting is called may have been received by the corporation.
b. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of Section 2.3, if such Qualified Stockholder (or a qualified representative) does not or Qualified Stockholders (or their qualified representatives) do not, as applicable, appear at such special meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present such business, such (i) business shall not be considered or transacted at such special meeting, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote(s) may have been received by the corporation and (ii) Chairman of the special meeting shall determine and declare to the special meeting that such business was not properly brought before such special meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.3 and shall so declare to such special meeting and such business shall not be transacted.
c. The written request of such Qualified Stockholder or Qualified Stockholders contemplated by this Section 2.3 shall (i) state the purpose or purposes of the special meeting of stockholders and include (A) a brief description of the business constituting the purpose or purposes of such special meeting, (B) the text of any business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and, in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment), (C) the reasons for transacting such business at such special meeting and (D) any material interest in such business of such Qualified Stockholder or Qualified Stockholders, as applicable, and of each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf such request is made, (ii) the name and address of such Qualified Stockholder or Qualified Stockholders, as applicable, as they appear on the corporation’s books, and of each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf such request is made, (iii) the class, series and number of shares of capital stock of the corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by such Qualified Stockholder or Qualified Stockholders, as applicable, and each beneficial owner, (iv) a representation that such Qualified Stockholder is a holder or Qualified Stockholders are holders, as applicable, of record of shares of capital stock of the corporation entitled to vote at such special meeting and such Qualified Stockholder (or a qualified representative) intends or Qualified Stockholders (or their qualified representatives) intend, as applicable, to appear in person or by proxy at such special meeting to propose such business and (v) a representation as to whether such Qualified Stockholder or Qualified Stockholders, as applicable, or each beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends to (A) deliver by proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation required to approve or adopt the or business constituting the purpose or purposes of such special meeting and/or (B) otherwise solicit proxies from stockholders of the corporation in support of such business.
d. Except as provided in the first sentence of this Section 2.3, special meetings of stockholders may not be called by any other person or persons. Any special meeting of stockholders may be adjourned or postponed by action of the Board of Directors or, in the case of a special meeting called pursuant to clauses (A) or (B) of subsection a(i) of this Section 2.3, by the person calling the special meeting at any time in advance of such special meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting of the stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.”
EXHIBIT 10.1
CADIZ INC.
2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
1. Purpose. The purpose of this 2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN (as amended from time to time, the “Plan”) is to assist Cadiz Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its Related Entities (as hereinafter defined) in attracting, motivating, retaining and rewarding high-quality executives and other employees, officers, directors, consultants and other persons who provide services to the Company or its Related Entities by enabling such persons to acquire or increase a proprietary interest in the Company in order to strengthen the mutuality of interests between such persons and the Company’s stockholders, and providing such persons with performance incentives to expend their maximum efforts in the creation of stockholder value.
2. Definitions. For purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall be defined as set forth below, in addition to such terms defined in Section 1 hereof and elsewhere herein.
(a) “Award” means any Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award, Share granted as a bonus or in lieu of another Award, Dividend Equivalent, Other Stock-Based Award, Performance Award or any award to an Outside Director under Section 6(j), together with any other right or interest relating to Shares or other property (including cash), granted to a Participant under the Plan.
(b) “Award Agreement” means any written agreement, contract or other instrument or document evidencing any Award granted by the Committee hereunder.
(c) “Beneficiary” means the person, persons, trust or trusts that have been designated by a Participant in his or her most recent written beneficiary designation filed with the Committee to receive the benefits specified under the Plan upon such Participant’s death or to which Awards or other rights are transferred if and to the extent permitted under Section 9(b) hereof. If, upon a Participant’s death, there is no designated Beneficiary or surviving designated Beneficiary, then the term Beneficiary means the Participant’s estate.
(d) “Beneficial Owner” and “Beneficial Ownership” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act and any successor to such Rule.
(e) “Board” means the Company’s Board of Directors.
(f) “Cause” shall, with respect to any Participant, have the meaning specified in the Award Agreement. In the absence of any definition in the Award Agreement, “Cause” shall have the equivalent meaning or the same meaning as “cause” or “for cause” set forth in any employment, consulting, or other agreement for the performance of services between the Participant and the Company or a Related Entity or, in the absence of any such agreement or any such definition in such agreement, “Cause” shall mean (i) the failure by the Participant to perform, in a reasonable manner, his or her duties as assigned by the Company or a Related Entity, (ii) any violation or breach by the Participant of his or her employment, consulting or other similar agreement with the Company or a Related Entity, if any, (iii) any violation or breach by the Participant of any non-competition, non-solicitation, non-disclosure and/or other similar agreement with the Company or a Related Entity, (iv) any act by the Participant of dishonesty or bad faith with respect to the Company or a Related Entity, (v) use of alcohol, drugs or other similar substances in a manner that adversely affects the Participant’s work performance, or (vi) the commission by the Participant of any act, misdemeanor, or crime reflecting unfavorably upon the Participant or the Company or any Related Entity. The good faith determination by the Committee of whether the Participant’s Continuous Service was terminated by the Company for “Cause” shall be final and binding for all purposes hereunder.
(g) “Change in Control” means a Change in Control as defined in Section 8(b) hereof.
(h) “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, including regulations thereunder and successor provisions and regulations thereto.
(i) “Committee” means a committee of the Board designated and empowered by the Board to administer the Plan; provided, however, that if the Board fails to designate and empower such a committee or if there are no longer any members on the committee so designated and empowered by the Board, or for any other reason (or no reason) determined by the Board (which determination may be evidenced by the taking of any action to administer the Plan by the Board), then the Board shall serve as the Committee. While it is intended that the Committee shall consist of at least two (2) directors, each of whom shall be (i) a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 (or any successor rule) under the Exchange Act, unless administration of the Plan by “non-employee directors” is not then required in order for exemptions under Rule 16b-3 to apply to transactions under the Plan, and (ii) Independent, the failure of the Committee to be so comprised shall not invalidate any Award that otherwise satisfies the terms of the Plan.
(j) “Company” means Cadiz Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any successor thereto.
(k) “Consultant” means any consultant or advisor who provides services to the Company or any Related Entity, so long as (i) such Person renders bona fide services that are not in connection with the offer and sale of the Company’s securities in a capital-raising transaction, (ii) such Person does not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for the Company’s securities, and (iii) the identity of such Person would not preclude the Company from offering or selling securities to such Person pursuant to the Plan in reliance on either the exemption from registration provided by Rule 701 under the Securities Act or, if the Company is required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, registration on a Form S-8 Registration Statement under the Securities Act.
(l) “Continuous Service” means the uninterrupted provision of services to the Company or any Related Entity in any capacity of Employee, Director, Consultant or other service provider. Continuous Service shall not be considered to be interrupted in the case of (i) any approved leave of absence, (ii) transfers among the Company, any Related Entities or any successor entities in any capacity of Employee, Director, Consultant or other service provider, or (iii) any change in status as long as the individual remains in the service of the Company or a Related Entity in any capacity of Employee, Director, Consultant or other service provider (except as otherwise provided in the Award Agreement). An approved leave of absence shall include sick leave, military leave, or any other authorized personal leave.
(m) “Director” means a member of the Board or the board of directors of any Related Entity.
(n) “Disability” means a permanent and total disability (within the meaning of Section 22(e) of the Code), as determined by a medical doctor satisfactory to the Committee.
(o) “Dividend Equivalent” means a right, granted to a Participant under Section 6(g) hereof, to receive cash, Shares, other Awards or other property equal in value to dividends paid with respect to a specified number of Shares, or other periodic payments.
(p) “Effective Date” means the effective date of the Plan, which shall be June 11, 2019.
(q) “Eligible Person” means each officer, Director, Employee, Consultant and other Person who provides services to the Company or any Related Entity. The foregoing notwithstanding, only Employees of the Company, or any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation of the Company (as those terms are defined in Sections 424(e) and (f) of the Code, respectively), shall be Eligible Persons for purposes of receiving any Incentive Stock Options. An Employee on leave of absence may, in the discretion of the Committee, be considered as still in the employ of the Company or a Related Entity for purposes of eligibility for participation in the Plan.
(r) “Employee” means any individual, including an officer or Director, who is an employee of the Company or any Related Entity, or is a prospective employee of the Company or any Related Entity (conditioned upon and effective not earlier than, such individual becoming an employee of the Company or any Related Entity). The payment of a director’s fee by the Company or a Related Entity shall not be sufficient to constitute “employment” by the Company.
(s) “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, including rules thereunder and successor provisions and rules thereto.
(t) “Fair Market Value” means the fair market value of Shares, Awards or other property on the date as of which the value is being determined, as determined by the Committee, or under procedures established by the Committee, subject to the following:
(i) If, on such date, the Shares are listed on a national or regional securities exchange or market system, the Fair Market Value of a Share shall be the closing price of a Share (or the mean of the closing bid and asked prices of a Share if the Share is so quoted instead) as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or such other national or regional securities exchange or market system constituting the primary market for the Share, as reported on the website Nasdaq.com (if applicable), by Bloomberg LP or such other source as the Committee deems reliable. If the relevant date does not fall on a day on which the Share has traded on such securities exchange or market system, the date on which the Fair Market Value shall be established shall be the last day on which the Share was so traded prior to the relevant date, or such other appropriate day as shall be determined by the Committee, in its discretion.
( ii) If, on such date, the Share are not listed on a national or regional securities exchange or market system, the Fair Market Value of a Share shall be as determined by the Committee in good faith without regard to any restriction other than a restriction which, by its terms, will never lapse.
(u) “Good Reason” shall, with respect to any Participant, have the meaning specified in the Award Agreement. In the absence of any definition in the Award Agreement, “Good Reason” shall have the equivalent meaning or the same meaning as “good reason” or “for good reason” set forth in any employment, consulting or other agreement for the performance of services between the Participant and the Company or a Related Entity or, in the absence of any such agreement or any such definition in such agreement, such term shall mean (i) the assignment to the Participant of any duties or responsibilities inconsistent in any material respect with the Participant’s duties or responsibilities as assigned by the Company or a Related Entity, or any other action by the Company or a Related Entity which results in a material diminution in such duties or responsibilities, excluding for this purpose an action which is remedied by the Company or a Related Entity promptly after receipt of notice thereof given by the Participant; (ii) any material failure by the Company or a Related Entity to comply with its obligations to the Participant as agreed upon, other than a failure which is remedied by the Company or a Related Entity promptly after receipt of notice thereof given by the Participant; or (iii) a material breach by the Company or any Related Entity of any employment, consulting or other agreement under which the Participant provides services to the Company or any Related Entity. For purposes of the Plan, upon termination of a Participant’s Continuous Service, Good Reason shall not be deemed to exist unless the Participant’s termination of Continuous Service for Good Reason occurs within sixty (60) days following the initial existence of one of the conditions specified in clauses (i) through (iii) above, the Participant provides the Company or the Related Entity for which the Participant provides services with written notice of the existence of such condition with thirty (30) days after the initial existence of the condition, and the Company fails to remedy the condition within thirty (30) days after its receipt of notice.
(v) “Incentive Stock Option” means any Option intended to be designated as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code or any successor provision thereto.
(w) “Independent”, when referring to either the members of the Board or the members of the Committee, shall have the same meaning as used in the rules of the Listing Market.
(x) “Incumbent Board” means the Incumbent Board as defined in Section 8(b)(ii) hereof.
(y) “Listing Market” means the national securities exchange on which any securities of the Company are listed for trading, and if not listed for trading, by the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market.
(z) “Option” means a right granted to a Participant under Section 6(b) hereof, to purchase Shares or other Awards at a specified price during specified time periods.
(aa) “Optionee” means a person to whom an Option is granted under the Plan or any person who succeeds to the rights of such person under the Plan.
(bb) “Other Stock-Based Awards” means Awards granted to a Participant under Section 6(i) hereof.
(cc) “Outside Director” means a Director that is not an Employee.
(dd) “Parent” means any corporation or other entity (other than the Company), whether now or hereafter existing, in an unbroken chain of corporations or other entities ending with the Company, if each of the corporations or other entities in the chain (other than the Company) owns stock or other form of equity possessing 50% or more of the combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations or other entities in the chain.
(ee) “Participant” means a Person who has been granted an Award under the Plan which remains outstanding, including a Person who is no longer an Eligible Person.
(ff) “Performance Award” means any Award granted pursuant to Section 6(h) hereof.
(gg) “Performance Period” means that period established by the Committee at the time any Performance Award is granted or at any time thereafter during which any performance goals specified by the Committee with respect to such Award are to be measured.
(hh) “Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(a)(9) of the Exchange Act and used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof, and shall include a “group” as defined in Section 13(d) thereof.
(ii) “Prior Plan” means the Cadiz Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
(jj) “Related Entity” means any Parent or Subsidiary, and any business, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity designated by the Committee in which the Company, a Parent or a Subsidiary holds a substantial ownership interest, directly or indirectly, and with respect to which the Company may offer or sell securities pursuant to the Plan in reliance upon either Rule 701 under the Securities Act or, if the Company is required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, registration on a Form S-8 Registration Statement under the Securities Act.
(kk) “Restricted Stock” means any Share issued with such risks of forfeiture and other lawful restrictions as the Committee, in its sole discretion, may impose in the Award Agreement (including any restriction on the right to vote such Share and restrictions on the right to receive dividends), which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such time or times, in installments or otherwise, as the Committee may deem appropriate.
(ll) “Restricted Stock Award” means an Award granted to a Participant under Section 6(d) hereof.
(mm) “Restricted Stock Unit” means a right to receive Shares, including Restricted Stock, cash measured based upon the value of Shares, or a combination thereof, at the end of a specified deferral period.
(nn) “Restricted Stock Unit Award” means an Award of a Restricted Stock Unit granted to a Participant under Section 6(e) hereof.
(oo) “Restriction Period” means the period of time specified by the Committee that Restricted Stock Awards shall be subject to such restrictions on transferability, risk of forfeiture and other lawful restrictions, if any, as the Committee may impose.
(pp) “Rule 16b-3” means Rule 16b-3, as from time to time in effect and applicable to the Plan and Participants, promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
(qq) “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, including rules thereunder and successor provisions and rules thereto.
(rr) “Shares” means the shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share, and such other securities as may be substituted (or resubstituted) for Shares pursuant to Section 9(c) hereof.
(ss) “Stock Appreciation Right” means a right granted to a Participant under Section 6(c) hereof.
(tt) “Subsidiary” means any corporation or other entity in which the Company has a direct or indirect ownership interest of 50% or more of the total combined voting power of the then outstanding securities or interests of such corporation or other entity entitled to vote generally in the election of directors or in which the Company has the right to receive 50% or more of the distribution of profits or 50% or more of the assets on liquidation or dissolution.
(uu) “Substitute Awards” means Awards granted or Shares issued by the Company in assumption of, or in substitution or exchange for, awards previously granted, or the right or obligation to make future awards, by a company (i) acquired by the Company or any Related Entity, (ii) which becomes a Related Entity after the date hereof, or (iii) with which the Company or any Related Entity combines.
3. Administration.
(a) Authority of the Committee. The Plan shall be administered by the Committee. The Committee shall have full and final authority, subject to and consistent with the provisions of the Plan, to select Eligible Persons to become Participants, grant Awards, determine the type, number and other terms and conditions of, and all other matters relating to, Awards, prescribe Award Agreements (which need not be identical for each Participant) and rules and regulations for the administration of the Plan, construe and interpret the Plan and Award Agreements and correct defects, supply omissions or reconcile inconsistencies therein, and to make all other decisions and determinations as the Committee may deem necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan. In exercising any discretion granted to the Committee under the Plan or pursuant to any Award, the Committee shall not be required to follow past practices, act in a manner consistent with past practices, or treat any Eligible Person or Participant in a manner consistent with the treatment of any other Eligible Persons or Participants. Decisions of the Committee shall be final, conclusive and binding on all Persons, including the Company, any Related Entity or any Participant or Beneficiary, or any transferee under Section 9(b) hereof or any other person claiming rights from or through any of the foregoing persons or entities.
(b) Manner of Exercise of Committee Authority. The Committee, and, notwithstanding anything contained in the Plan to the contrary, not the Board, shall exercise sole and exclusive discretion (i) on any matter relating to a Participant then subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act with respect to the Company to the extent necessary in order that transactions by such Participant shall be exempt under Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act, and (ii) with respect to any Award to an Independent Director. The express grant of any specific power to the Committee, and the taking of any action by the Committee, shall not be construed as limiting any power or authority of the Committee. Subject to applicable law, the Committee may delegate to a subcommittee of the Committee, or officers or managers of the Company or any Related Entity, or a committee of the governing body of any Related Entity, the authority, subject to such terms and limitations as the Committee shall determine, to perform such functions, including administrative functions as the Committee may determine to the extent that such delegation will not result in the loss of an exemption under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) for Awards granted to Participants subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act in respect of the Company. The Committee may appoint agents to assist it in administering the Plan.
(c) Limitation of Liability. The Committee and the Board, and each member thereof, shall, in the performance of their, his or her duties under the Plan, including, without limitation, in the administration of the Plan, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Company and upon such information, opinions, reports or statements presented to the Company by any of the Company’s officers or employees, or by any other Person as to matters the Committee or the Board or such member thereof, as applicable, reasonably believes are within such other Person’s professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Company. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, members of the Committee and members of the Board, and any officer or Employee acting at the direction or on behalf of the Committee or the Board, shall not be personally liable for any action or determination taken or made in good faith with respect to the Plan, and shall be fully indemnified and protected by the Company with respect to any such action or determination.
4. Shares Subject to Plan.
(a) Limitation on Overall Number of Shares Available for Delivery Under Plan. Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 9(c) hereof, the total number of Shares reserved and available for delivery under the Plan shall be 2,700,000, plus any Shares remaining available for delivery under the Prior Plan on the Effective Date. Any Shares delivered under the Plan may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued shares or treasury shares.
(b) Application of Limitation to Grants of Awards. No Award may be granted if the number of Shares to be delivered in connection with such an Award exceeds the number of Shares remaining available for delivery under the Plan, minus the number of Shares deliverable upon settlement of then outstanding Awards. The Committee may adopt reasonable counting procedures to ensure appropriate counting, avoid double counting (as, for example, in the case of tandem or substitute awards) and make adjustments if the number of Shares actually delivered differs from the number of Shares previously counted in connection with an Award.
(c) Availability of Shares Not Delivered under Awards and Adjustments to Limits.
(i) If any Shares subject to an Award, or after the Effective Date, any Shares subject to any awards granted under the Prior Plan, are forfeited, expire or otherwise terminate without issuance of such Shares, or any Award, or after the Effective Date, any Shares subject to any award granted under the Prior Plan, is settled for cash or otherwise does not result in the issuance of all or a portion of the Shares subject to such Award, or award under the Prior Plan, the Shares to which those Awards, or awards under the Prior Plan, were subject, shall, to the extent of such forfeiture, expiration, termination, non-issuance or cash settlement, again be available for delivery with respect to Awards under the Plan.
(ii) The full number of Shares subject to an Option granted under the Plan shall count against the number of Shares remaining available for issuance pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan, even if the exercise price of the Option is satisfied through net-settlement or by delivering Shares to the Company (by either actual delivery or attestation). Upon exercise of Stock Appreciation Rights granted under the Plan that are settled in Shares, the full number of Stock Appreciation Rights (rather than the net number of Shares actually delivered upon exercise) shall count against the maximum number of Shares remaining available for issuance pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan.
(iii) Shares withheld from an Award granted under the Plan to satisfy tax withholding requirements shall count against the maximum number of Shares remaining available for issuance pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan, and Shares delivered by a participant to satisfy tax withholding requirements shall not be added back to the Plan’s Share pool.
(iv) Substitute Awards shall not reduce the Shares authorized for delivery under the Plan or authorized for delivery to a Participant in any period. Additionally, in the event that an entity acquired by the Company or any Related Entity or with which the Company or any Related Entity combines has shares available under a pre-existing plan approved by its stockholders and not adopted in contemplation of such acquisition or combination, the shares available for delivery pursuant to the terms of such pre-existing plan (as adjusted, to the extent appropriate, using the exchange ratio or other adjustment or valuation ratio or formula used in such acquisition or combination to determine the consideration payable to the holders of common stock of the entities party to such acquisition or combination) may be used for Awards under the Plan and shall not reduce the Shares authorized for delivery under the Plan if and to the extent that the use of such Shares would not require approval of the Company’s stockholders under the rules of the Listing Market. Awards using such available shares shall not be made after the date awards or grants could have been made under the terms of the pre-existing plan, absent the acquisition or combination, and shall only be made to individuals who were not Employees or Directors prior to such acquisition or combination.
(v) Any Share that again becomes available for delivery pursuant to this Section 4(c) shall be added back as one (1) Share.
(vi) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 4(c) to the contrary but subject to adjustment as provided in Section 9(c) hereof, the maximum aggregate number of Shares that may be delivered under the Plan as a result of the exercise of Incentive Stock Options shall be 2,700,000 Shares. In no event shall any Incentive Stock Options be granted under the Plan after the tenth (10th) anniversary of the date on which the Board adopts the Plan.
(vii) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 4 to the contrary, but subject to adjustment as provided in Section 9(c) hereof, in any fiscal year of the Company during any part of which the Plan is in effect, no Participant who is a Director but is not also an Employee or Consultant may be granted any Awards that have a “fair value” as of the date of grant, as determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 (or any other applicable accounting guidance), that exceeds $100,000 in the aggregate.
(d) No Further Awards Under Prior Plan. In light of the adoption of the Plan, no further awards shall be made under the Prior Plan after the Effective Date.
5. Eligibility; Per-Participant Limitations. Awards may be granted under the Plan only to Eligible Persons. Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 9(c) of the Plan, in any fiscal year of the Company during any part of which the Plan is in effect, no Participant may be granted (i) Options and/or Stock Appreciation Rights with respect to more than 300,000 Shares or (ii) Restricted Stock and/or any other Awards payable in Shares that are subject to the satisfaction of performance goals, with respect to more than 300,000 Shares.
6. Specific Terms of Awards.
(a) General. Awards may be granted on the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 6. In addition, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, at the date of grant or thereafter (subject to Section 9(e) hereof), such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan or applicable law, as the Committee shall determine, including terms requiring forfeiture of Awards in the event of termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service and terms permitting a Participant to make elections relating to his or her Award. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Committee shall retain full power and discretion to accelerate, waive or modify, at any time, any term or condition of an Award that is not mandatory under the Plan. Except in cases in which the Committee is authorized to require other forms of consideration under the Plan, or to the extent other forms of consideration must be paid to satisfy the requirements of California or other applicable law, no consideration other than services may be required for the grant (as opposed to the exercise) of any Award.
(b) Options. The Committee is authorized to grant Options to any Eligible Person on the following terms and conditions:
(i) Exercise Price. Other than in connection with Substitute Awards, the exercise price per Share purchasable under an Option shall be determined by the Committee, provided that such exercise price shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant of the Option and shall not, in any event, be less than the par value of a Share. If an Employee owns or is deemed to own (by reason of the attribution rules applicable under Section 424(d) of the Code) more than 10% of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company (or any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation of the Company, as those terms are defined in Sections 424(e) and (f) of the Code, respectively) and an Incentive Stock Option is granted to such Employee, the exercise price of such Incentive Stock Option (to the extent required by the Code at the time of grant) shall be no less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date such Incentive Stock Option is granted. Other than pursuant to Section 9(c)(i) and (ii) of the Plan, the Committee shall not be permitted to (A) lower the exercise price per Share of an Option after it is granted, (B) cancel an Option when the exercise price per Share exceeds the Fair Market Value of the underlying Shares in exchange for cash or another Award (other than in connection with Substitute Awards), (C) cancel an outstanding Option in exchange for an Option with an exercise price that is less than the exercise price of the original Options or (D) take any other action with respect to an Option that may be treated as a repricing pursuant to the applicable rules of the Listing Market, without approval of the Company’s stockholders.
(ii) Time and Method of Exercise. The Committee shall determine and shall state in a resolution adopted by the Committee providing for the creation and issuance of such Option, the terms upon which, including the time or times, at or within which, and the consideration (including a formula by which such consideration may be determined) for which Shares may be acquired from the Company upon the exercise of any Option, which consideration, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, may be cash, shares (including, without limitation, the withholding of Shares otherwise deliverable pursuant to the Award), other Awards or awards granted under other plans of the Company or a Related Entity, or other property (including notes or other contractual obligations of Participants to make payment on a deferred basis provided that such deferred payments are not in violation of Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act, or any rule or regulation adopted thereunder or any other applicable law), and which shall be set forth or incorporated by reference in the Award Agreement evidencing such Option to which the relevant Participant is a party. The Committee shall also determine the methods by or forms in which Shares will be delivered or deemed to be delivered to Participants, subject to the requirements of applicable law.
(iii) Form of Settlement. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, provide that the Shares to be issued upon exercise of an Option shall be in the form of Restricted Stock or other similar securities.
(iv) Incentive Stock Options. The terms of any Incentive Stock Option granted under the Plan shall comply in all respects with the provisions of Section 422 of the Code. Anything in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, no term of the Plan relating to Incentive Stock Options (including any Stock Appreciation Right issued in tandem therewith) shall be interpreted, amended or altered, nor shall any discretion or authority granted under the Plan be exercised, so as to disqualify either the Plan or any Incentive Stock Option under Section 422 of the Code, unless the Participant has first requested, or consents to, the change that will result in such disqualification. Thus, if and to the extent required to comply with Section 422 of the Code, Options granted as Incentive Stock Options shall be subject to the following special terms and conditions:
(A) the Option shall not be exercisable for more than ten (10) years after the date such Incentive Stock Option is granted; provided, however, that if a Participant owns or is deemed to own (by reason of the attribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than 10% of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company (or any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation of the Company, as those terms are defined in Sections 424(e) and (f) of the Code, respectively) and the Incentive Stock Option is granted to such Participant, the term of the Incentive Stock Option shall be (to the extent required by the Code at the time of the grant) for no more than five (5) years from the date of grant;
(B) the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the date the Incentive Stock Option is granted) of the Shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options granted under the Plan and all other option plans of the Company (and any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation of the Company, as those terms are defined in Sections 424(e) and (f) of the Code, respectively) that become exercisable for the first time by the Participant during any calendar year shall not (to the extent required by the Code at the time of the grant) exceed $100,000; and
(C) if Shares acquired by exercise of an Incentive Stock Option are disposed of within two (2) years following the date the Incentive Stock Option is granted or one (1) year following the issuance of such Shares to the Participant upon exercise, the Participant shall, promptly following such disposition, notify the Company in writing of the date and terms of such disposition and provide such other information regarding the disposition as the Committee may reasonably require.
(c) Stock Appreciation Rights. The Committee may grant Stock Appreciation Rights to any Eligible Person in conjunction with all or part of any Option granted under the Plan or at any subsequent time during the term of such Option (a “Tandem Stock Appreciation Right”), or without regard to any Option (a “Freestanding Stock Appreciation Right”), in each case upon such terms and conditions as the Committee may establish in its sole discretion, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, including the following:
(i) Right to Payment. A Stock Appreciation Right shall confer on the Participant to whom it is granted a right to receive, upon exercise thereof, the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value of one (1) Share on the date of exercise over (B) the grant price of the Stock Appreciation Right as determined by the Committee. The grant price of a Stock Appreciation Right shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant, in the case of a Freestanding Stock Appreciation Right, or less than the associated Option exercise price, in the case of a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right. Other than pursuant to Section 9(c)(i) and (ii) of the Plan, the Committee shall not be permitted to (A) lower the grant price per Share of a Stock Appreciation Right after it is granted, (B) cancel a Stock Appreciation Right when the grant price per Share exceeds the Fair Market Value of the underlying Shares in exchange for another Award (other than in connection with Substitute Awards), (C) cancel an outstanding Stock Appreciation Right in exchange for a Stock Appreciation Right with a grant price that is less than the grant price of the original Stock Appreciation Right, or (D) take any other action with respect to a Stock Appreciation Right that may be treated as a repricing pursuant to the applicable rules of the Listing Market, without approval of the Company’s stockholders.
(ii) Other Terms. The Committee shall determine at the date of grant or thereafter, the time or times at which and the circumstances under which a Stock Appreciation Right may be exercised in whole or in part (including based on achievement of performance goals and/or future service requirements), the time or times at which Stock Appreciation Rights shall cease to be or become exercisable following termination of Continuous Service or upon other conditions, the method of exercise, method of settlement, form of consideration payable in settlement, method by or forms in which Shares will be delivered or deemed to be delivered to Participants, whether or not a Stock Appreciation Right shall be in tandem or in combination with any other Award, and any other terms and conditions of any Stock Appreciation Right.
(iii) Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights. Any Tandem Stock Appreciation Right may be granted at the same time as the related Option is granted or, for Options that are not Incentive Stock Options, at any time thereafter before exercise or expiration of such Option. Any Tandem Stock Appreciation Right related to an Option may be exercised only when the related Option would be exercisable and the Fair Market Value of the Shares subject to the related Option exceeds the exercise price at which Shares can be acquired pursuant to the Option. In addition, if a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right exists with respect to less than the full number of Shares covered by a related Option, then an exercise or termination of such Option shall not reduce the number of Shares to which the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right applies until the number of Shares then exercisable under such Option equals the number of Shares to which the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right applies. Any Option related to a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall no longer be exercisable to the extent the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right has been exercised, and any Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall no longer be exercisable to the extent the related Option has been exercised.
(d) Restricted Stock Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock Awards to any Eligible Person on the following terms and conditions:
(i) Grant and Restrictions. Restricted Stock Awards shall be subject to such restrictions on transferability, risk of forfeiture and other lawful restrictions, if any, as the Committee may impose, or as otherwise provided in the Plan, during the Restriction Period. The restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances (including based on achievement of performance goals and/or future service requirements), in such installments or otherwise, as the Committee may determine at the date of grant or, subject to applicable law, thereafter. Except to the extent restricted as permitted by applicable law under the terms of the Plan and any Award Agreement relating to a Restricted Stock Award, a Participant granted Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of a stockholder, including the right to vote the Restricted Stock and the right to receive dividends thereon (subject to any lawful requirement imposed by the Committee). During the period that the Restricted Stock Award is subject to a risk of forfeiture, subject to Section 9(b) below and except as otherwise provided in the Award Agreement, the Restricted Stock may not be sold, transferred, pledged, hypothecated, margined or otherwise encumbered by the Participant or Beneficiary. The terms of any Restricted Stock Award granted under the Plan shall be set forth in a written Award Agreement evidencing such Restricted Stock Award to which the relevant Participant is a party, which Award Agreement shall contain provisions determined by the Committee and not inconsistent with the Plan.
(ii) Forfeiture. Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, upon termination of a Participant’s Continuous Service during the applicable Restriction Period, the Participant’s Restricted Stock that is at that time subject to a risk of forfeiture that has not lapsed or otherwise been satisfied shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be forfeited and reacquired by the Company; provided that, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 6(j) hereof, the Committee may provide, by resolution or other action or in any Award Agreement, or may determine in any individual case, that forfeiture conditions relating to Restricted Stock Awards shall be waived in whole or in part in the event of terminations resulting from specified causes, and the Committee may in other cases waive in whole or in part the forfeiture of Restricted Stock.
(iii) Certificates for Stock. Subject to applicable law, Restricted Stock granted under the Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee shall determine. If certificates representing Restricted Stock are registered in the name of the Participant, the Committee may require that such certificates bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms, conditions and restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock, that the Company retain physical possession of the certificates, and that the Participant deliver a stock power to the Company, endorsed in blank, relating to the Restricted Stock.
(iv) Dividends and Splits. As a condition to the grant of a Restricted Stock Award, the Committee shall require that any cash dividends paid on a Share of Restricted Stock be delayed (with or without interest at such rate, if any, as the Committee shall determine) and remain subject to restrictions and a risk of forfeiture to the same extent as the Restricted Stock with respect to which such cash dividend is payable, in a manner that does not violate the requirements of Section 409A of the Code or other applicable law. In addition, the Committee shall require that Shares distributed in connection with a stock split or stock dividend, and other property distributed as a dividend, shall be subject to restrictions on transfer and a risk of forfeiture and any other lawful restrictions to the same extent as the Restricted Stock with respect to which such Shares or other property have been distributed.
(e) Restricted Stock Unit Award. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock Unit Awards to any Eligible Person on the following terms and conditions:
(i) Award and Restrictions. Satisfaction of a Restricted Stock Unit Award shall occur upon expiration of the deferral period specified for such Restricted Stock Unit Award by the Committee (or, if permitted by the Committee, as elected by the Participant in a manner that does not violate the requirements of Section 409A of the Code). In addition, a Restricted Stock Unit Award shall be subject to such lawful restrictions (which may include a risk of forfeiture) as the Committee may impose, if any, which restrictions may lapse at the expiration of the deferral period or at earlier specified times (including based on achievement of performance goals and/or future service requirements), separately or in combination, in installments or otherwise, as the Committee may determine. A Restricted Stock Unit Award may be satisfied by delivery of Shares, cash equal to the Fair Market Value of the specified number of Shares covered by the Restricted Stock Units, or a combination thereof, as determined by the Committee at the date of grant or, subject to applicable law, thereafter. Prior to satisfaction of a Restricted Stock Unit Award satisfied by the delivery of Shares, such Restricted Stock Unit Award carries no voting or dividend or other rights associated with Share ownership. Prior to satisfaction of a Restricted Stock Unit Award, except as otherwise provided in an Award Agreement and as permitted under Section 409A of the Code, a Restricted Stock Unit Award may not be sold, transferred, pledged, hypothecated, margined or otherwise encumbered by the Participant or any Beneficiary. The terms of any Restricted Stock Unit Award granted under the Plan shall be set forth in a written Award Agreement evidencing such Restricted Stock Unit Award to which the relevant Participant is a party, which Award Agreement shall contain provisions determined by the Committee and not inconsistent with the Plan.
(ii) Forfeiture. Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, upon termination of a Participant’s Continuous Service during the applicable deferral period or portion thereof to which forfeiture conditions apply (as provided in the Award Agreement evidencing the Restricted Stock Unit Award), the Participant’s Restricted Stock Unit Award that is at that time subject to a risk of forfeiture that has not lapsed or otherwise been satisfied shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be forfeited; provided that, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 6(j) hereof, the Committee may provide, by resolution or other action or in any Award Agreement, or may determine in any individual case, that forfeiture conditions relating to a Restricted Stock Unit Award shall be waived in whole or in part in the event of terminations resulting from specified causes, and the Committee may in other cases waive in whole or in part the forfeiture of any Restricted Stock Unit Award.
(iii) Dividend Equivalents. As a condition to the grant of a Restricted Stock Unit, the Committee shall require that any cash dividends paid on a Share attributable to such Restricted Stock Unit be delayed (with or without interest at such rate, if any, as the Committee shall determine) and remain subject to restrictions on transfer and a risk of forfeiture to the same extent as the Restricted Stock Unit with respect to which such cash dividend is payable, in a manner that does not violate the requirements of Section 409A of the Code or other applicable law. In addition, the Committee shall require that Shares distributed in connection with a stock split or stock dividend, and other property distributed as a dividend, shall be subject to restrictions on transfer and a risk of forfeiture to the same extent as the Restricted Stock Unit with respect to which such Shares or other property have been distributed.
(f) Bonus Stock and Awards in Lieu of Obligations. The Committee is authorized to grant Shares to any Eligible Persons as a bonus, or to grant Shares or other Awards in lieu of obligations to pay cash or deliver other property under the Plan or under other plans or compensatory arrangements, provided that, in the case of Eligible Persons subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, the amount of such grants remains within the discretion of the Committee to the extent necessary to ensure that acquisitions of Shares or other Awards are exempt from liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act. Shares or Awards granted hereunder shall be subject to such other lawful terms as shall be determined by the Committee.
(g) Dividend Equivalents. Subject to the requirements of applicable law, the Committee is authorized to grant Dividend Equivalents to any Eligible Person entitling the Eligible Person to receive cash, Shares, other Awards, or other property equal in value to the dividends paid with respect to a specified number of Shares, or other periodic payments. Dividend Equivalents may be awarded on a free-standing basis or in connection with another Award. Subject to the requirements of applicable law, the Committee may provide that Dividend Equivalents shall be paid or distributed when accrued or at some later date, or whether such Dividend Equivalents shall be deemed to have been reinvested in additional Shares, Awards, or other investment vehicles, and subject to such lawful restrictions on transferability and risks of forfeiture, as the Committee may specify; provided, that in no event shall such Dividend Equivalents be paid out to Participants prior to vesting of the corresponding Shares underlying the Award. Any such determination by the Committee shall be made at the grant date of the applicable Award. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Dividend Equivalents credited in connection with an Award that vests based on the achievement of performance goals shall be subject to restrictions on transfer and risk of forfeiture to the same extent as the Award with respect to which such Dividend Equivalents have been credited.
(h) Performance Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Performance Awards to any Eligible Person payable in cash, Shares, or other Awards, on lawful terms and conditions established by the Committee. The performance criteria to be achieved during any Performance Period and the length of the Performance Period shall be determined by the Committee upon the grant of each Performance Award. Except as provided in Section 8 or as may be provided in an Award Agreement, Performance Awards will be distributed only after the end of the relevant Performance Period. The performance goals to be achieved for each Performance Period shall be conclusively determined by the Committee and may be based upon the criteria that the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine should be used for that purpose. The amount of the Award to be distributed shall be conclusively determined by the Committee. Performance Awards may be paid in a lump sum or in installments following the close of the Performance Period or, in accordance with procedures established by the Committee, on a deferred basis in a manner that does not violate the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
(i) Other Stock-Based Awards. The Committee is authorized, subject to limitations under applicable law, to grant to any Eligible Person such other Awards that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Shares, as deemed by the Committee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Subject to any limitations imposed by applicable law, other Stock-Based Awards may be granted to Participants either alone or in addition to other Awards granted under the Plan, and such Other Stock-Based Awards shall also be available as a form of payment in the settlement of other Awards granted under the Plan. Except as otherwise provided in the last sentence of Section 6(h) hereof and subject to the requirements of applicable law, the Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of such Awards. Subject to any limitations imposed by applicable law, Shares delivered pursuant to an Award in the nature of a purchase right granted under this Section 6(i) shall be purchased for such consideration (including without limitation loans from the Company or a Related Entity; provided that such loans are not in violation of Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act or any rule or regulation adopted thereunder or any other applicable law) paid for at such times, by such methods, and in such forms, including, without limitation, cash, Shares, other Awards or other property, as the Committee shall determine. The terms of any other Award denominated or payable, or otherwise based on, or related to, Shares shall be set forth in a written Award Agreement evidencing such Award to which the relevant Participant is a party, which Award Agreement shall contain provisions determined by the Committee and not inconsistent with the Plan.
(j) Automatic Awards of Cash, Restricted Unit Awards and Shares for Outside Directors.
(i) Outside Directors shall automatically be granted cash compensation and Restricted Stock Unit Awards as follows:
(A) Annual Awards. Each Outside Director who has served as a Director for the preceding twelve (12) months ending on June 30, 2020 or June 30th of any calendar year thereafter, shall, on June 30th of such year, receive payment of annual compensation consisting of (x) cash compensation of $50,000 (which shall be paid in four (4) quarterly installments of $18,750 over the succeeding twelve (12) months) and (y) Restricted Stock Unit Awards with a value equal to $25,000 (calculated with reference to the average closing price of the Shares for the month preceding the annual June 30th payment date). Any Outside Director who has not served as a Director for the full twelve (12) months preceding June 30th of any calendar year shall be entitled to receive one-quarter (1/4) of the annual compensation award described in this Section 6(j)(i)(A) for each three (3) consecutive months (or portion thereof) served by any such Director, so that, by way of example, a Director whose service commenced on February 1 of a year would be entitled to $25,000 in cash and $12,500 in Restricted Stock Unit Awards as of June 30th, inasmuch as such Director will have served for one (1) full three (3) month period and one (1) partial three (3) month period as of June 30th.
(B) Payment of Restricted Stock Unit Awards. Grants of Restricted Stock Unit Awards pursuant to this Section 6(j)(i) will vest and be delivered in Shares upon the January 31st which first follows the June 30th date with respect to which such Restricted Stock Unit Awards are granted (e.g., January 31, 2020 for Restricted Stock Unit Awards granted with respect to services provided for the twelve (12) months ended June 30, 2019).
(ii) Election to Receive Cash Compensation in Shares. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, each Outside Director may elect to receive any or all of his or her cash compensation earned under Section 6(j)(i)(A) above in the form of Shares under this Section 6(j)(ii). Each such election shall be irrevocable, and must be in writing and filed with the Secretary of the Company by December 31st of the calendar year preceding the period in which such cash compensation is earned. An Outside Director may file a new election each calendar year applicable to cash compensation earned in the immediately succeeding calendar year, provided that a new election to receive benefits in the form of Shares shall not be effective until the period covered by the Outside Director’s current election has ended. If no new election is received by December 31st of any calendar year, the election, if any, then in effect shall continue in effect until a new election is made and has become effective. If an Outside Director does not elect to receive his or her cash compensation in the form of Shares, the cash compensation due such Outside Director shall be paid as provided in Section 6(j)(i)(A) above. Each Share due to an Outside Director under this Section 6(j)(ii) pursuant to an election shall be granted on the date the Outside Director would have otherwise been paid a quarterly installment of his or her cash compensation. On each such grant date, an electing Outside Director shall receive a number of whole Shares with a Fair Market Value closest to, but not in excess of, the amount of cash compensation the Outside Director has elected to receive in the form of Shares.
7. Certain Provisions Applicable to Awards.
(a) Stand-Alone, Additional, Tandem, and Substitute Awards. Awards granted under the Plan may, in the discretion of the Committee, be granted either alone or in addition to, in tandem with, or in substitution or exchange for, any other Award or any award granted under another plan of the Company, any Related Entity, or any business entity to be acquired by the Company or a Related Entity, or any other right of a Participant to receive payment from the Company or any Related Entity. Such additional, tandem, and substitute or exchange Awards may be granted at any time. If an Award is granted in substitution or exchange for another Award or award, the Committee shall require the surrender of such other Award or award in consideration for the grant of the new Award. In addition, Awards may be granted in lieu of cash compensation, including in lieu of cash amounts payable under other plans of the Company or any Related Entity, in which the value of Shares subject to the Award is equivalent in value to the cash compensation (for example, Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units), or in which the exercise price, grant price or purchase price of the Award in the nature of a right that may be exercised is equal to the Fair Market Value of the underlying Shares minus the value of the cash compensation surrendered (for example, Options or Stock Appreciation Right granted with an exercise price or grant price “discounted” by the amount of the cash compensation surrendered), provided that any such determination to grant an Award in lieu of cash compensation must be made in a manner intended to be exempt from or comply with Section 409A of the Code or other applicable law.
(b) Term of Awards. The term of each Award shall be for such period as may be determined by the Committee; provided that in no event shall the term of any Option or Stock Appreciation Right exceed a period of ten (10) years (or in the case of an Incentive Stock Option such shorter term as may be required under Section 422 of the Code); provided, however, that in the event that on the last day of the term of an Option or a Stock Appreciation Right, other than an Incentive Stock Option, (i) the exercise of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right is prohibited by applicable law, or (ii) Shares may not be purchased, or sold by certain employees or directors of the Company due to the “black-out period” of a Company policy or a “lock-up” agreement undertaken in connection with an issuance of securities by the Company, the term of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right may be extended by the Committee for a period of up to thirty (30) days following the end of the legal prohibition, black-out period or lock-up agreement, provided that such extension of the term of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right would not cause the Option or Stock Appreciation Right to violate the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
(c) Form and Timing of Payment Under Awards; Deferrals. Subject to the terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, payments to be made by the Company or a Related Entity upon the exercise of an Option or other Award or settlement of an Award may be made in such forms as the Committee shall determine, including, without limitation, cash, Shares, other Awards or other property, and may be made in a single payment or transfer, in installments, or on a deferred basis, provided that any determination to pay in installments or on a deferred basis shall be made by the Committee at the date of grant. Any installment or deferral provided for in the preceding sentence shall, however, subject to the terms of the Plan, be subject to the Company’s compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, the rules and regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, all applicable rules of the Listing Market and any other applicable law, and in a manner intended to be exempt from or otherwise satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Subject to Section 7(e) of the Plan, the settlement of any Award may be accelerated, and cash paid in lieu of Shares in connection with such settlement, in the sole discretion of the Committee or upon occurrence of one or more specified events (in addition to a Change in Control). Any such settlement shall be at a value determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, which, without limitation, may in the case of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right be limited to the amount if any by which the Fair Market Value of a Share on the settlement date exceeds the exercise or grant price. Installment or deferred payments may be required by the Committee (subject to Section 7(e) of the Plan, including the consent provisions thereof in the case of any deferral of an outstanding Award not provided for in the original Award Agreement) or permitted at the election of the Participant on terms and conditions established by the Committee. The acceleration of the settlement of any Award, and the payment of any Award in installments or on a deferred basis, all shall be done in a manner that is intended to be exempt from or otherwise satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. The Committee may, without limitation, make provision for the payment or crediting of a reasonable interest rate on installment or deferred payments or the grant or crediting of Dividend Equivalents or other amounts in respect of installment or deferred payments denominated in Shares.
(d) Exemptions from Section 16(b) Liability. It is the intent of the Company that the grant of any Awards to or other transaction by a Participant who is subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act shall be exempt from Section 16 of the Exchange Act pursuant to an applicable exemption (except for transactions acknowledged in writing to be non-exempt by such Participant). Accordingly, if any provision of the Plan or any Award Agreement does not comply with the requirements of Rule 16b-3 then applicable to any such transaction, such provision shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be construed or deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to the applicable requirements of Rule 16b-3 so that such Participant shall avoid liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.
(e) Code Section 409A.
(i) The Award Agreement for any Award that the Committee reasonably determines to constitute a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” under Section 409A of the Code (a “Section 409A Plan”), and the provisions of the Section 409A Plan applicable to that Award, shall be construed in a manner consistent with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code, and the Committee, in its sole discretion and without the consent of any Participant, may amend any Award Agreement (and the provisions of the Plan applicable thereto) if and to the extent that the Committee determines that such amendment is necessary or appropriate to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
(ii) If any Award constitutes a Section 409A Plan, then the Award shall be subject to the following additional requirements, if and to the extent required to comply with Section 409A of the Code:
(A) Payments under the Section 409A Plan may be made only upon (u) the Participant’s “separation from service”, (v) the date the Participant becomes “disabled”, (w) the Participant’s death, (x) a “specified time (or pursuant to a fixed schedule)” specified in the Award Agreement at the date of the deferral of such compensation, (y) a “change in the ownership or effective control of the corporation, or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets” of the Company, or (z) the occurrence of an “unforeseeable emergency”;
(B) The time or schedule for any payment of the deferred compensation may not be accelerated, except to the extent provided in applicable Treasury Regulations or other applicable guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service;
(C) Any elections with respect to the deferral of such compensation or the time and form of distribution of such deferred compensation shall comply with the requirements of Section 409A(a)(4) of the Code; and
(D) In the case of any Participant who is “specified employee”, a distribution on account of a “separation from service” may not be made before the date which is six (6) months after the date of the Participant’s “separation from service” (or, if earlier, the date of the Participant’s death).
For purposes of the foregoing, the terms in quotations shall have the same meanings as those terms have for purposes of Section 409A of the Code, and the limitations set forth herein shall be applied in such manner (and only to the extent) as shall be necessary to comply with any requirements of Section 409A of the Code that are applicable to the Award.
(iii) Notwithstanding the foregoing, or any provision of the Plan or any Award Agreement, the Company does not make any representation to any Participant or Beneficiary that any Awards made pursuant to the Plan are exempt from, or satisfy the requirements of, Section 409A of the Code, and the Company shall have no liability or other obligation to indemnify or hold harmless the Participant or any Beneficiary for any tax, additional tax, interest or penalties that the Participant or any Beneficiary may incur in the event that any provision of the Plan, or any Award Agreement, or any amendment or modification thereof, or any other action taken with respect thereto, is deemed to violate any of the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
8. Change in Control.
(a) Effect of “Change in Control.” If and only to the extent provided in any employment or other agreement between the Participant and the Company or any Related Entity, or in any Award Agreement, or to the extent otherwise determined by the Committee in its sole discretion and without any requirement that each Participant be treated consistently, and except as otherwise provided in Section 8(a)(iv) hereof, upon the occurrence of a Change in Control:
(i) Any Option or Stock Appreciation Right that was not previously vested and exercisable as of the time of the Change in Control, shall become immediately vested and exercisable, subject to applicable restrictions set forth in Section 9(a) hereof.
(ii) Any restrictions, deferral of settlement, and forfeiture conditions applicable to a Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award or an Other Stock-Based Award subject only to future service requirements granted under the Plan shall lapse and such Awards shall be deemed fully vested as of the time of the Change in Control, except to the extent of any waiver by the Participant and subject to applicable restrictions set forth in Section 9(a) hereof.
(iii) With respect to any outstanding Award subject to achievement of performance goals and conditions under the Plan, the Committee may, in its discretion, deem such Awards to have been earned and payable based on the deemed achievement of performance goals or based upon target performance (either in full or pro-rata based on the portion of the Performance Period completed as of the Change in Control), except to the extent of any waiver by the Participant and subject to applicable restrictions set forth in Section 9(a).
(iv) Except as otherwise provided in any employment or other agreement for services between the Participant and the Company or any Subsidiary, and unless the Committee otherwise determines in a specific instance, each outstanding Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award or Other Stock-Based Award shall not be accelerated as described in Sections 9(a)(i), (ii) and (iii), if either (A) the Company is the surviving entity in the Change in Control and the Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award or Other Stock-Based Award continues to be outstanding immediately after the Change in Control on substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable immediately prior to the Change in Control or (B) the successor company or its parent company assumes or substitutes for the applicable Award, as determined in accordance with Section 9(c)(ii) hereof.
(b) Definition of “Change in Control.” Unless otherwise specified in any employment or other agreement for services between the Participant and the Company or any Related Entity, or in an Award Agreement, a “Change in Control” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following:
(i) The acquisition by any Person of Beneficial Ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act) of more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the “Outstanding Company Voting Securities”) (the foregoing Beneficial Ownership hereinafter being referred to as a “Controlling Interest”); provided, however, that for purposes of this Section 8(b), the following acquisitions shall not constitute or result in a Change in Control: (v) any acquisition directly from the Company; (w) any acquisition by the Company; (x) any acquisition by any Person that as of the Effective Date owns Beneficial Ownership of a Controlling Interest; (y) any acquisition by any employee benefit plan (or related trust) sponsored or maintained by the Company or any Related Entity; or (z) any acquisition by any entity pursuant to a transaction which complies with clauses (1), (2) and (3) of subsection (iii) below; or
(ii) During any period of twelve (12) consecutive months (not including any period prior to the Effective Date) individuals who constitute the Board on the Effective Date (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders, was recommended or approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board; or
(iii) Consummation of (A) a reorganization, merger, statutory share exchange or consolidation or similar transaction involving (x) the Company or (y) any one or more Subsidiaries whose combined revenues for the prior fiscal year represented more than 50% of the consolidated revenues of the Company and its Subsidiaries for the prior fiscal year (the “Major Subsidiaries”), or (B) a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or the Major Subsidiaries, or the acquisition of assets or equity of another entity by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each of the events referred to in clauses (A) and (B) sometimes hereinafter being referred to a “Business Combination”), unless, following such Business Combination, (1) all or substantially all of the Persons who were the Beneficial Owners, respectively, of the Outstanding Company Voting Securities immediately prior to such Business Combination beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of members of the board of directors (or comparable governing body of an entity that does not have a board of directors), as the case may be, of the entity resulting from such Business Combination (including, without limitation, an entity which as a result of such transaction owns the Company or all or substantially all of the Company’s assets either directly or through one or more subsidiaries) (the “Continuing Entity”) in substantially the same proportions as their ownership, immediately prior to such Business Combination, of the Outstanding Company Voting Securities (excluding any outstanding voting securities of the Continuing Entity that such Beneficial Owners hold immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination as a result of their ownership, prior to such consummation, of voting securities of any company or other entity involved in or forming part of such Business Combination other than the Company), (2) no Person (excluding any employee benefit plan (or related trust) of the Company or any Continuing Entity or any entity controlled by the Continuing Entity or any Person that as of the Effective Date owns Beneficial Ownership of a Controlling Interest) beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of the Continuing Entity except to the extent that such ownership existed prior to the Business Combination and (3) at least a majority of the members of the board of directors or other governing body of the Continuing Entity were members of the Incumbent Board at the time of the execution of the initial agreement or of the action of the Board providing for such Business Combination; or
(iv) Approval by the stockholders of the Company of the dissolution of the Company.
9. General Provisions.
(a) Compliance With Legal and Other Requirements. The Company may, to the extent deemed necessary or advisable by the Committee, postpone the issuance or delivery of Shares or payment of other benefits under any Award until completion of such registration or qualification of such Shares or other required action under any federal or state law, rule or regulation, listing or other required action with respect to the Listing Market, or compliance with any other obligation of the Company, as the Committee may consider appropriate, and may require any Participant to make such representations, furnish such information and comply with or be subject to such other conditions as it may consider appropriate in connection with the issuance or delivery of Shares or payment of other benefits in compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations, listing requirements, or other obligations.
(b) Limits on Transferability; Beneficiaries. No Award or other right or interest granted under the Plan that is not a Share, and without the prior written consent of the Company, no Share, shall be pledged, hypothecated or otherwise encumbered or subject to any lien, obligation or liability of such Participant to any party, or assigned or transferred by such Participant otherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution or to a Beneficiary upon the death of a Participant, and such Awards or rights that may be exercisable shall be exercised during the lifetime of the Participant only by the Participant or his or her guardian or legal representative, except that Awards and other rights (other than Incentive Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights in tandem therewith) may be transferred to one or more Beneficiaries or other transferees during the lifetime of the Participant, and may be exercised by such transferees in accordance with the terms of such Award, but only if and to the extent such transfers are permitted by the Committee pursuant to the express terms of an Award Agreement (subject to any lawful terms and conditions which the Committee may impose thereon), are by gift or pursuant to a domestic relations order, and are to a Permitted Assignee (as defined below) that is a permissible transferee under the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for registration of securities on a Form S-8 registration statement. For this purpose, a “Permitted Assignee” shall mean (i) the Participant’s spouse, children or grandchildren (including any adopted and step children or grandchildren), parents, grandparents or siblings, (ii) a trust for the benefit of one or more of the Participant or the natural persons referred to in clause (i), (iii) a partnership, limited liability company or corporation in which the Participant or the natural persons referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) are the only partners, members or stockholders, or (iv) a foundation in which any Person designated in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above control the management of assets. A Beneficiary, transferee, or other Person claiming any rights under the Plan from or through any Participant shall be subject to all terms and conditions of the Plan and any Award Agreement applicable to such Participant, except as otherwise determined by the Committee, and to any additional lawful terms and conditions deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee.
(c) Adjustments.
(i) Adjustments to Awards. In the event that any extraordinary dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, Shares, or other property), recapitalization, forward or reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase, share exchange, liquidation, dissolution or other similar corporate transaction or event affects the Shares and/or such other securities of the Company or any other issuer, then the Committee shall, in such manner as it may deem appropriate and equitable, and subject to and in compliance with applicable law, substitute, exchange or adjust any or all of (A) the number and kind of Shares which may be delivered in connection with Awards granted thereafter, (B) the number and kind of Shares by which annual per-person Award limitations are measured under Section 4 hereof, (C) the number and kind of Shares subject to or deliverable in respect of outstanding Awards, (D) the exercise price, grant price or purchase price relating to any Award and/or make provision for payment of cash or other property in respect of any outstanding Award, and (E) any other aspect of any Award that the Committee determines to be appropriate in order to prevent the reduction or enlargement of benefits under any Award.
(ii) Adjustments in Case of Certain Transactions. In the event of any merger, consolidation or other reorganization in which the Company does not survive, or in the event of any Change in Control (and subject to the provisions of Section 8 of the Plan relating to the vesting of Awards in the event of any Change in Control), any outstanding Awards may be dealt with in accordance with any of the following approaches, without the requirement of obtaining any consent or agreement of a Participant as such, as determined by the agreement effectuating the transaction or, if and to the extent not so determined, as determined by the Committee: (A) the continuation of the outstanding Awards by the Company, if the Company is a surviving entity, (B) the assumption or substitution for, as those terms are defined below, the outstanding Awards by the surviving entity or its parent or subsidiary, (C) full exercisability or vesting and accelerated expiration of the outstanding Awards, or (D) settlement of the value of the outstanding Awards in cash or cash equivalents or other property followed by cancellation of such Awards (which value, in the case of Options or Stock Appreciation Rights, shall be measured by the amount, if any, by which the Fair Market Value of a Share exceeds the exercise or grant price of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right as of the effective date of the transaction). For the purposes of the Plan, an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award, Performance Award or Other Stock-Based Award shall be considered assumed or substituted for if immediately following the effectiveness of the applicable transaction the Award confers the right to purchase or receive, for each Share subject to the Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award, Performance Award or Other Stock-Based Award immediately prior to the effectiveness of the applicable transaction, on substantially the same vesting and other terms and conditions as were applicable to the Award immediately prior to the applicable transaction, the consideration (whether stock, cash or other securities or property) received in the applicable transaction by holders of Shares for each Share held immediately prior to the effectiveness of such transaction (and if holders were offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares); provided, however, that if such consideration received in the applicable transaction is not solely common stock of the successor company or its parent or subsidiary, the Committee may, with the consent of the successor company or its parent or subsidiary, provide that the consideration to be received upon the exercise or vesting of an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award, Performance Award or Other Stock-Based Award, for each Share subject thereto, will be solely common stock of the successor company or its parent or subsidiary substantially equal in fair market value to the per share consideration received by holders of Shares in the applicable transaction. The determination of such substantial equality of value of consideration shall be made by the Committee in its sole discretion and its determination shall be conclusive and binding. The Committee shall give written notice of any proposed transaction referred to in this Section 9(c)(ii) a reasonable period of time prior to the closing date for such transaction (which notice may be given either before or after the approval of such transaction), in order that Participants may have a reasonable period of time prior to the closing date of such transaction within which to exercise any Awards that are then exercisable (including any Awards that may become exercisable upon the closing date of such transaction). A Participant may condition his or her exercise of any Awards upon the consummation of the transaction.
(iii) Other Adjustments. The Committee is authorized to make adjustments in the terms and conditions of, and the criteria included in, Awards (including Performance Awards subject to satisfaction of performance goals and conditions relating thereto) in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events (including, without limitation, acquisitions and dispositions of businesses and assets) affecting the Company, any Related Entity or any business unit, or the financial statements of the Company or any Related Entity, or in response to changes in applicable laws, regulations, accounting principles, tax rates and regulations or business conditions or in view of the Committee’s assessment of the business strategy of the Company, any Related Entity or business unit thereof, performance of comparable organizations, economic and business conditions, personal performance of a Participant, and any other circumstances deemed relevant.
(d) Award Agreements. Subject to the requirements of applicable law, each Award Agreement shall either be (a) in writing in a form approved by the Committee and executed by the Company by an officer duly authorized to act on its behalf, or (b) an electronic notice in a form approved by the Committee and recorded by the Company (or its designee) in an electronic recordkeeping system used for the purpose of tracking one or more types of Awards as the Committee may provide; in each case and if required by the Committee, the Award Agreement shall be executed or otherwise electronically accepted by the recipient of the Award in such form and manner as the Committee may require. The Committee may authorize any officer of the Company to execute any or all Award Agreements on behalf of the Company. The Award Agreement shall set forth the material terms and conditions of the Award as established by the Committee consistent with the provisions of the Plan and applicable law.
(e) Taxes. The Company and any Related Entity are authorized to withhold from any Award granted, any payment relating to an Award under the Plan, including from a distribution of Shares, or any payroll or other payment to a Participant, amounts of withholding and other taxes due or potentially payable in connection with any transaction involving an Award, and to take such other action as the Committee may deem advisable to enable the Company or any Related Entity and Participants to satisfy obligations for the payment of withholding taxes and other tax obligations relating to any Award. This authority shall include authority to withhold or receive Shares or other property and to make cash payments in respect thereof in satisfaction of a Participant’s tax obligations, either on a mandatory or elective basis in the discretion of the Committee. The amount of withholding tax paid with respect to an Award by the withholding of Shares otherwise deliverable pursuant to such Award or by delivering Shares already owned shall not exceed the maximum statutory withholding required with respect to such Award (or such other limit as the Committee shall impose, including without limitation, any limit imposed to avoid or limit any financial accounting expense relating to such Award).
(f) Changes to the Plan and Awards. The Board may amend, alter, suspend, discontinue or terminate the Plan, or the Committee’s authority to grant Awards under the Plan, without the consent of the Company’s stockholders or the Participants, except that any amendment or alteration to the Plan shall be subject to the approval of the Company’s stockholders not later than the annual meeting next following such Board action if such stockholder approval is required by any federal or state law or regulation (including, without limitation, Rule 16b-3) or the rules of the Listing Market, and the Board may otherwise, in its discretion, determine to submit other such changes to the Plan to the Company’s stockholders for approval; provided that, except as otherwise permitted by the Plan or Award Agreement, without the consent of an affected Participant, no such Board action may materially and adversely affect the rights of such Participant under the terms of any previously granted and outstanding Award. The Committee may waive any conditions or rights under, or amend, alter, suspend, discontinue or terminate any Award theretofore granted and any Award Agreement relating thereto, except as otherwise provided in the Plan; provided that, except as otherwise permitted by the Plan or Award Agreement, without the consent of an affected Participant, no such Committee or the Board action may materially and adversely affect the rights of such Participant under terms of such Award.
(g) Clawback Policy.
(i) The Committee may, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, (A) cause the cancellation or forfeiture of any Award, (B) require reimbursement of any Award by a Participant or Beneficiary, and (C) effect any other right of recoupment of equity or other compensation provided under this Plan or otherwise in accordance with any Company policies that currently exist or that may from time to time be adopted in the future by the Company to comply with Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and/or applicable stock exchange requirements (each, a “Clawback Policy”). By accepting an Award, a Participant is also agreeing to be bound by any Clawback Policy (including any Clawback Policy amendment as necessary to comply with applicable laws or stock exchange requirements).
(ii) If the Participant, without the consent of the Company, while employed by or providing services to the Company or any Related Entity or after termination of such employment or service, violates a non-competition, non-solicitation or non-disclosure covenant or agreement or otherwise engages in activity that is in conflict with or adverse to the interest of the Company or any Related Entity, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, then, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, (i) any outstanding, vested or unvested, earned or unearned portion of the Award may, at the Committee’s discretion, be canceled and (ii) the Committee, in its discretion, may require the Participant or other person to whom any payment has been made or Shares or other property have been transferred in connection with the Award to forfeit and pay over to the Company, on demand, all or any portion of the gain (whether or not taxable) realized upon the exercise of any Option or Stock Appreciation Right and the value realized (whether or not taxable) on the vesting or payment of any other Award during the time period specified in the Award Agreement or otherwise specified by the Committee.
(h) Arbitration. Any dispute or claim concerning any Awards granted (or not granted) pursuant to the Plan or any disputes or claims relating to or arising out of the Plan shall be fully, finally and exclusively resolved by binding and confidential arbitration conducted pursuant to the rules of Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services, Inc. in Los Angeles, California. The Company shall pay all arbitration fees. In addition to any other relief, the arbitrator may award to the prevailing party recovery of its attorneys’ fees and costs. By accepting an Award, Participants and the Company waive their respective rights to have any such disputes or claims tried by a judge or jury to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
(i) Limitation on Rights Conferred Under Plan. Neither the Plan nor any action taken hereunder or under any Award or Award Agreement shall be construed as (i) giving any Eligible Person or Participant the right to continue as an Eligible Person or Participant or in the employ or service of the Company or a Related Entity, (ii) interfering in any way with the right of the Company or a Related Entity to terminate any Eligible Person’s or Participant’s Continuous Service at any time, (iii) giving an Eligible Person or Participant any claim to be granted any Award under the Plan or to be treated uniformly with other Participants and Employees, or (iv) conferring on a Participant any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any Related Entity including, without limitation, any right to receive dividends or distributions, any right to vote or act by written consent, any right to attend meetings of stockholders or any right to receive any information concerning the Company’s or any Related Entity’s business, financial condition, results of operation or prospects, unless and until such time as the Participant is duly issued Shares on the stock ledger of the Company or any Related Entity in accordance with the terms of an Award. None of the Company, its officers or its directors shall have any fiduciary obligation to the Participant with respect to any Awards unless and until the Participant is duly issued Shares pursuant to the Award on the stock ledger of the Company in accordance with the terms of an Award and applicable law. Neither the Company, nor any Related Entity, nor any of their respective officers, directors, representatives or agents is granting any rights under the Plan to the Participant whatsoever, oral or written, express or implied, other than those rights expressly set forth in the Plan or the Award Agreement.
(j) Unfunded Status of Awards; Creation of Trusts. The Plan is intended to constitute an “unfunded” plan for incentive and deferred compensation. With respect to any payments not yet made to a Participant or obligation to deliver Shares pursuant to an Award, nothing contained in the Plan or any Award Agreement shall give any such Participant any rights that are greater than those of a general creditor of the Company or Related Entity that issues the Award; provided that the Committee may authorize the creation of trusts and deposit therein cash, Shares, other Awards or other property, or make other arrangements to meet the obligations of the Company or Related Entity under the Plan. Such trusts or other arrangements shall be consistent with the “unfunded” status of the Plan unless the Committee otherwise determines with the consent of each affected Participant. The trustee of such trusts may be authorized to dispose of trust assets and reinvest the proceeds in alternative investments, subject to such terms and conditions as the Committee may specify and in accordance with applicable law.
(k) Nonexclusivity of the Plan. Neither the adoption of the Plan by the Board nor its submission to the stockholders of the Company for approval shall be construed as creating any limitations on the power of the Board or a committee thereof to adopt such other incentive arrangements as it may deem desirable.
(l) Payments in the Event of Forfeitures; Fractional Shares. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee or otherwise required by applicable law, in the event of a forfeiture of an Award with respect to which a Participant paid cash or other consideration, the Participant shall be repaid the amount of such cash or other consideration. No fractional Shares shall be issued or delivered pursuant to the Plan or any Award. The Committee shall determine to arrange for the disposition of fractions of a Share by those entitled thereto or pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a Share as of the time when those entitled to receive such fractions are determined.
(m) Governing Law. Except as otherwise provided in any Award Agreement or required by the laws of the State of Delaware, the validity, construction and effect of the Plan, any rules and regulations under the Plan, and any Award Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the laws of the State of California without giving effect to principles of conflict of laws, and applicable federal law.
(n) Non-U.S. Laws. The Committee shall have the authority to adopt such modifications, procedures, and subplans as may be necessary or desirable to comply with provisions of the laws of foreign countries in which the Company or its Related Entities may operate to assure the viability of the benefits from Awards granted to Participants performing services in such countries and to meet the objectives of the Plan.
(o) Plan Effective Date and Stockholder Approval; Termination of Plan. The Plan shall become effective on the Effective Date, subject to subsequent approval, within twelve (12) months of its adoption by the Board, by stockholders of the Company eligible to vote in the election of directors, by a vote sufficient to meet the requirements of Code Section 422, Rule 16b-3 (if applicable), applicable requirements under the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which the Shares may be listed or quoted, and other laws, regulations, and obligations of the Company applicable to the Plan. Awards may be granted subject to stockholder approval, but may not be exercised or otherwise settled in the event the stockholder approval is not obtained. The Plan shall terminate at the earliest of (a) such time as no Shares remain available for issuance under the Plan, (b) termination of the Plan by the Board, or (c) the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date. Awards outstanding upon expiration of the Plan shall remain in effect until they have been exercised or terminated, or have expired.
(p) Construction and Interpretation. Whenever used herein, nouns in the singular shall include the plural, and the masculine pronoun shall include the feminine gender. Headings of Articles and Sections hereof are inserted for convenience and reference and constitute no part of the Plan.
(q) Severability. If any provision of the Plan or any Award Agreement shall be determined to be illegal or unenforceable by any court of law in any jurisdiction, the remaining provisions hereof and thereof shall be severable and enforceable in accordance with their terms, and all provisions shall remain enforceable in any other jurisdiction.
EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Scott S. Slater, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cadiz Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonable likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Dated: August 12, 2022
| /s/ Scott Slater |
|
Scott S. Slater |
|
Chief Executive Officer |
EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Stanley E. Speer, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cadiz Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonable likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Dated: August 12, 2022
| /s/ Stanley E. Speer |
|
Stanley E. Speer |
|
Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |
EXHIBIT 32.1
STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
BY PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
I, Scott S. Slater, herby certify, to my knowledge, that:
1. the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Cadiz Inc. for the period ended June 30, 2022 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Cadiz Inc.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Statement as of the date first written above.
Dated: August 12, 2022
| /s/ Scott S. Slater |
|
Scott S. Slater |
|
Chief Executive Officer |
EXHIBIT 32.2
STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
BY PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
I, Stanley E. Speer, herby certify, to my knowledge, that:
1. the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Cadiz Inc. for the period ended June 30, 2022 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Cadiz Inc.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Statement as of the date first written above.
Dated: August 12, 2022
| /s/ Stanley E. Speer |
|
Stanley E. Speer |
|
Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |