ENB Financial Corp 10-K for FY2023
ENB Financial Corp (ENBP)
About this 10-K
ENB Financial Corp filed this 10-K on March 22, 2024, covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (FY2023).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Net income
- $12.38M
- down 15.4% from net income of $14.63M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $2.19
- down 16.4% from $2.62 a year earlier
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the
fiscal year ended
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from _______________ to _______________
Commission
File Number
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization | (IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| None | N/A | N/A |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each class
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large Accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ |
| Smaller reporting company | |
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or
issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act,
indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to
previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is
a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
The aggregate market
value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2023, was approximately $
The number of shares
of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of March 11, 2024, was
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 7, 2024, is incorporated into Parts III and IV hereof.
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Table of Contents
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Part I
Forward-Looking Statements
The U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor in regard to the inclusion of forward-looking statements in this document and documents incorporated by reference. Forward-looking statements pertain to possible or assumed future results that are made using current information. These forward-looking statements are generally identified when terms such as “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “project,” “forecast,” and other similar wordings are used. The readers of this report should take into consideration that these forward-looking statements represent management’s expectations as to future forecasts of financial performance, or the likelihood that certain events will or will not occur. Due to the very nature of estimates or predictions, these forward-looking statements should not be construed to be indicative of actual future results. Additionally, management may change estimates of future performance, or the likelihood of future events, as additional information is obtained. This document may also address targets, guidelines, or strategic goals that management is striving to reach but may not be indicative of actual results.
Readers should note that many factors affect this forward-looking information, some of which are discussed elsewhere in this document and in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this document. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | Economic conditions |
| ● | Monetary and interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board |
| ● | Inflation and monetary fluctuations and volatility |
| ● | Possible impacts of the capital and liquidity requirements of Basel III standards and other regulatory pronouncements |
| ● | Effects of short- and long-term federal budget and tax negotiations and their effects on economic and business conditions |
| ● | Effects of the failure of the Federal government to reach agreement to raise the debt ceiling and the negative effects on economic or business conditions as a result |
| ● | Effects of weak market conditions, specifically the effect on loan customers to repay loans |
| ● | Political changes and their impact on new laws and regulations |
| ● | Effects of war, acts of terrorism, and international and domestic instabilities |
| ● | Competitive forces |
| ● | Changes in deposit flows, loan demand, or real estate and investment securities values |
| ● | Changes in accounting principles, policies, or guidelines as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and other accounting standards setters |
| ● | Ineffective business strategy due to current or future market and competitive conditions |
| ● | Management’s ability to manage credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, and fair value risk |
| ● | Operation, legal, and reputation risk |
| ● | The risk that our analyses of these risks and forces could be incorrect and/or that the strategies developed to address them could be unsuccessful |
| ● | The impact of new laws and regulations concerning taxes, banking, securities and insurance and their application with which the Corporation and its subsidiaries must comply |
| ● | Potential impacts from continually evolving cybersecurity and other technological risks and attacks, including additional costs, reputational damage, regulatory penalties, and financial losses |
| ● | Effects of economic conditions particularly with regard to the effects of any pandemic, epidemic, or health-related crisis and government and business responses thereto, specifically the effect on loan customers to repay loans |
Readers should be aware if any of the above factors change significantly, the statements regarding future performance could also change materially. The safe harbor provision provides that ENB Financial Corp is not required to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this report. Readers should review any changes in risk factors in documents filed by ENB Financial Corp periodically with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K.
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Item 1. Business
General
ENB Financial Corp (“the Corporation”) is a bank holding company that was formed on July 1, 2008. The Corporation’s wholly owned subsidiary, Ephrata National Bank (“the Bank”), also referred to as ENB, is a full service commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States. Presently, no other subsidiaries exist under the bank holding company. The Bank has one subsidiary, ENB Insurance, which is a full-service insurance agency that offers a broad range of insurance products to commercial and personal clients. The Corporation and the Bank are both headquartered in Ephrata, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The Bank was incorporated on April 11, 1881, pursuant to The National Bank Act under a charter granted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures deposit accounts up to the maximum extent provided by law. The Corporation’s retail, operational, and administrative offices are predominantly located in Lancaster County, southeastern Lebanon County, and southwestern Berks County, Pennsylvania, the “Market Area”. Eleven full service community banking offices are located in Lancaster County with one full service community banking office in Lebanon County and one full service community banking office in Berks County, Pennsylvania.
The basic business of the Corporation is to provide a broad range of financial services to individuals and small-to-medium-sized businesses in the Market Area. The Corporation utilizes funds gathered through deposits from the general public to originate loans. The Corporation offers a range of demand accounts, in addition to savings and time deposits. The Corporation also offers secured and unsecured commercial, real estate, and consumer loans. Ancillary services that provide added convenience to customers include direct deposit and direct payments of funds through Electronic Funds Transfer, ATMs linked to the NYCE® network, telephone banking, MasterCard® debit cards, Visa® or MasterCard credit cards, and safe deposit box facilities. In addition, the Corporation offers internet banking including bill pay and wire transfer capabilities, remote deposit capture, and an ENB Bank on the Go! app for iPhones or Android phones. The Corporation also offers a full complement of trust and investment advisory services through ENB’s Wealth Solutions.
As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation employed 296 persons, consisting of 281 full-time, 12 part-time, and 3 seasonal employees. The number of full-time employees decreased by 2 employees, and the number of part-time employees remained the same from the previous year-end while 3 seasonal roles were added to provide support during time periods, throughout the year, of higher volume. The decrease in the number of full-time employees is temporary and is reflective of open positions that are expected to be filled. The Corporation expects to add additional personnel to support the initiatives within technology, operations, and customer experience in 2024. A collective bargaining agent does not represent the employees and management believes it maintains good relationships with its employees.
Operating Segments
The Corporation’s business is providing financial products and services. These products and services are provided through the Corporation’s wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank. The Bank is presently the only subsidiary of the Corporation, and the Bank only has one reportable operating segment, community banking, as described in Note A of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. The segment reporting information in Note A is incorporated by reference into this Part I, Item 1. The Bank has one subsidiary, ENB Insurance, which is a full-service insurance agency that offers a broad range of insurance products to commercial and personal clients. ENB Insurance is managed separately from the banking and related financial services that the Bank offers.
Business Operations
Products and Services with Reputation Risk
The Corporation offers a diverse range of financial and banking products and services. In the event one or more customers and/or governmental agencies becomes dissatisfied with or objects to any product or service offered by the Corporation, negative publicity with respect to any such product or service, whether legally justified or not, could have a negative impact on the Corporation’s reputation. The discontinuance of any product or service, whether or not any customer or governmental agency has challenged any such product or service, could have a negative impact on the Corporation’s reputation.
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Market Area and Competition
The Corporation’s primary market area is Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where eleven full service offices are located and areas of contiguous Lebanon and Berks Counties. The Corporation has one full service office in southeastern Lebanon County (Myerstown) and a full service office in southwestern Berks County (Morgantown). The Corporation’s greater service area is considered to be Lancaster, Lebanon, and southwestern Berks Counties of Pennsylvania. The area served by the Corporation is a mix of rural communities and small to mid-sized towns.
The Corporation’s headquarters and main campus are located in downtown Ephrata, Pennsylvania. The Corporation’s main office and drive-up are located in downtown Ephrata, while the Cloister office is also located within Ephrata Borough. The Corporation ranks a commanding first in deposit market share in the Ephrata area with 45.9% of deposits as of June 30, 2023, based on data compiled annually by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The Corporation’s deposit market share in the Ephrata area was 43.9% as of June 30, 2022. The Corporation’s very high market share in the Ephrata area has led to the expansion of the Corporation’s branch network outside of the Ephrata area but within the Corporation’s Market Area.
In the course of attracting and retaining deposits and originating loans, the Corporation faces considerable competition. The Corporation competes with other commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, and credit unions for traditional banking products, such as deposits and loans. The Corporation competes with consumer finance companies for loans, mutual funds, and other investment alternatives for deposits. The Corporation competes for deposits based on the ability to provide a range of products, low fees, quality service, competitive rates, and convenient locations and hours. The competition for loan origination generally relates to interest rates offered, products available, quality of service, and loan origination fees charged. Several competitors within the Corporation’s primary market have substantially higher legal lending limits that enable them to service larger loans and larger commercial customers.
The Corporation continues to assess the competition and market area to determine the best way to meet the financial needs of the communities it serves. Management also continues to pursue new market opportunities based on the strategic plan to efficiently grow the Corporation, improve earnings performance, and bring the Corporation’s products and services to customers currently not being reached. Management strategically addresses growth opportunities versus competitive issues by determining the new products and services to be offered, expansion of existing footprint with new locations, as well as investing in the expertise of staffing for expansion of these services.
Concentrations and Seasonality
The Corporation does not have any portion of its businesses dependent on a single or limited number of customers, the loss of which would have a material adverse effect on its businesses’ financial condition and results of operations. No substantial portion of loans or investments is concentrated within a single industry or group of related industries, although a significant amount of loans are secured by real estate located in northern Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The business activities of the Corporation are generally not seasonal in nature. However, the sizable agricultural portfolio has certain specific, limited elements that are predominately seasonal in nature due to typical farming operations. Financial instruments with concentrations of credit risk are described in Note P of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. The concentration of credit risk information in Note P is incorporated by reference into this Part I, Item 1.
Supervision and Regulation
Bank holding companies operate in a highly regulated environment and are routinely examined by federal and state regulatory authorities. The following discussion concerns various federal and state laws and regulations and the potential impact of such laws and regulations on the Corporation and the Bank.
To the extent that the following information describes statutory or regulatory provisions, it is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory or regulatory provisions themselves. Proposals to change laws and regulations are frequently introduced in Congress, the state legislatures, and before the various bank regulatory agencies. The Corporation cannot determine the likelihood or timing of any such proposals or legislation, or the impact they may have on the Corporation and the Bank. A change in law, regulations, or regulatory policy may have a material effect on the Corporation and the Bank’s business.
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The operations of the Bank are subject to federal and state statutes applicable to banks chartered under the banking laws of the United States, to members of the Federal Reserve System, and to banks whose deposits are insured by the FDIC. Bank operations are subject to regulations of the OCC, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC.
Bank Holding Company Supervision and Regulation
The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956
The Corporation is subject to the provisions of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and to supervision by the Federal Reserve Board. The following restrictions apply:
General Supervision by the Federal Reserve Board
As a bank holding company, the Corporation’s activities are limited to the business of banking and activities closely related or incidental to banking. Bank holding companies are required to file periodic reports with and are subject to examination by the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board has adopted a risk-focused supervision program for small shell bank holding companies that is tied to the examination results of the subsidiary bank. The Federal Reserve Board has issued regulations under the Bank Holding Company Act that require a bank holding company to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary banks. As a result, the Federal Reserve Board may require that the Corporation stand ready to provide adequate capital funds to the Bank during periods of financial stress or adversity.
Restrictions on Acquiring Control of Other Banks and Companies
A bank holding company may not:
| ● | acquire direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of voting stock, or substantially all of the assets of any bank, or |
| ● | merge or consolidate with another bank holding company, without prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. |
In addition, a bank holding company may not:
| ● | engage in a non-banking business, or |
| ● | acquire ownership or control of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of voting stock of any company engaged in a non-banking business, |
unless the Federal Reserve Board determines the business to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident to banking. In making this determination, the Federal Reserve Board considers whether these activities offer benefits to the public that outweigh any possible adverse effects.
Anti-Tie-In Provisions
A bank holding company and its subsidiaries may not engage in tie-in arrangements in connection with any extension of credit or provision of any property or services. These anti-tie-in provisions state generally that a bank may not:
| ● | extend credit, |
| ● | lease or sell property, or |
| ● | furnish any service to a customer, |
on the condition that the customer provides additional credit or service to a bank or its affiliates, or on the condition that the customer not obtain other credit or service from a competitor of the bank.
Restrictions on Extensions of Credit by Banks to their Holding Companies
Subsidiary banks of a holding company are also subject to restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve Act on:
| ● | any extensions of credit to the bank holding company or any of its subsidiaries, |
| ● | investments in the stock or other securities of the Corporation, and |
| ● | taking these stock or securities as collateral for loans to any borrower. |
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Risk-Based Capital Guidelines
Bank holding companies must comply with the Federal Reserve Board’s current risk-based capital guidelines, which are amended provisions of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. The required minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets, including some off-balance sheet activities, such as standby letters of credit, is 8%. At least half of the total capital is required to be Tier I Capital, consisting principally of common shareholders’ equity, less certain intangible assets. The remainder, Tier II Capital, may consist of:
| ● | some types of preferred stock, |
| ● | a limited amount of subordinated debt, |
| ● | some hybrid capital instruments, |
| ● | other debt securities, and |
| ● | a limited amount of the general credit loss allowance. |
The risk-based capital guidelines are required to take adequate account of interest rate risk, concentrations of credit risk, and risks of nontraditional activities.
Capital Leverage Ratio Requirements
The Federal Reserve Board requires a bank holding company to maintain a leverage ratio of a minimum level of Tier I capital, as determined under the risk-based capital guidelines, equal to 3% of average total consolidated assets for those bank holding companies that have the highest regulatory examination rating and are not contemplating or experiencing significant growth or expansion. All other bank holding companies are required to maintain a ratio of at least 1% to 2% above the stated minimum. The Bank is subject to similar capital requirements pursuant to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
Restrictions on Control Changes
The Change in Bank Control Act of 1978 requires persons seeking control of a bank or bank holding company to obtain approval from the appropriate federal banking agency before completing the transaction. The law contains a presumption that the power to vote 10% or more of voting stock confers control of a bank or bank holding company. The Federal Reserve Board is responsible for reviewing changes in control of bank holding companies. In doing so, the Federal Reserve Board reviews the financial position, experience and integrity of the acquiring person, and the effect the change of control will have on the financial condition of the Corporation, relevant markets, and federal deposit insurance funds.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), also known as the “Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act,” was established in 2002 and introduced major changes to the regulation of financial practice. SOX was established as a reaction to the outbreak of corporate and accounting scandals, including Enron and WorldCom. SOX represents a comprehensive revision of laws affecting corporate governance, accounting obligations, and corporate reporting. SOX is applicable to all companies with equity or debt securities that are either registered, or file reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 such as the Corporation. SOX includes significant additional disclosure requirements and expanded corporate governance rules and the SEC has adopted extensive additional disclosures, corporate governance provisions, and other related rules pursuant to it. The Corporation has expended and will continue to expend, considerable time and money in complying with SOX.
Bank Supervision and Regulation
Safety and Soundness
The primary regulator for the Bank is the OCC. The OCC has the authority under the Financial Institutions Supervisory Act and the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to prevent a national bank from engaging in any unsafe or unsound practice in conducting business or from otherwise conducting activities in violation of the law.
Federal and state banking laws and regulations govern, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | Scope of a bank’s business |
| ● | Investments a bank may make |
| ● | Reserves that must be maintained against certain deposits |
| ● | Loans a bank makes and collateral it takes |
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| ● | Merger and consolidation activities |
| ● | Establishment of branches |
The Corporation is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Therefore, the policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board have a significant impact on many elements of the Corporation’s operations, including:
| ● | Loan and deposit growth |
| ● | Rate of interest earned and paid |
| ● | Types of securities |
| ● | Breadth of financial services provided |
| ● | Levels of liquidity |
| ● | Levels of required capital |
Management cannot predict the effect of changes to such policies and regulations upon the Corporation’s business model and the corresponding impact they may have on future earnings.
FDIC Insurance Assessments
The FDIC imposes a risk-related premium schedule for all insured depository institutions that results in the assessment of premiums based on the Bank’s capital and supervisory measures. Under the risk-related premium schedule, the FDIC assigns, on a semi-annual basis, each depository institution to one of three capital groups, the best of these being “Well Capitalized.” For purposes of calculating the insurance assessment, the Bank was considered “Well Capitalized” as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. This designation has benefited the Bank in the past and continues to benefit it in terms of a lower quarterly FDIC rate. The FDIC adjusts the insurance rates when necessary. The total FDIC assessments paid by the Bank in 2023 were $892,000, compared to $528,000 in 2022.
Community Reinvestment Act
Under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), as amended, the OCC is required to assess all financial institutions that it regulates to determine whether these institutions are meeting the credit needs of the community that they serve. The Act focuses specifically on low and moderate income neighborhoods. The OCC takes an institution’s CRA record into account in its evaluation of any application made by any of such institutions for, among other things:
| ● | Approval of a new branch or other deposit facility |
| ● | Closing of a branch or other deposit facility |
| ● | An office relocation or a merger |
| ● | Any acquisition of bank shares |
The CRA, as amended, also requires that the OCC make publicly available the evaluation of a bank’s record of meeting the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. This evaluation includes a descriptive rating of either outstanding, satisfactory, needs to improve, or substantial noncompliance, along with a statement describing the basis for the rating. These ratings are publicly disclosed. The Bank received a satisfactory rating on the most recent CRA Performance Evaluation completed on July 12, 2021.
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The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991
Capital Adequacy
Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (FDICIA), institutions are classified in one of five defined categories as illustrated below:
| Tier I Capital | Common Equity Tier I | |||
| Capital Category | Total Capital Ratio | Ratio | Capital Ratio | Leverage Ratio |
| Well Capitalized | > 10.0 | > 8.0 | > 6.5 | > 5.0 |
| Adequately Capitalized | > 8.0 | > 6.0 | > 4.5 | > 4.0* |
| Undercapitalized | < 8.0 | < 6.0 | < 4.5 | < 4.0* |
| Significantly Undercapitalized | < 6.0 | < 4.0 | < 3.5 | < 3.0 |
| Critically Undercapitalized | < 2.0 | |||
|
*3.0 for those banks having the highest available regulatory rating. | ||||
The Bank’s and Corporation’s capital ratios exceed the regulatory requirements to be considered well capitalized for Total Risk-Based Capital, Tier I Risk-Based Capital, Common Equity Tier I Capital, and Tier I Leverage Capital. The capital ratio table and Consolidated Financial Statement Note M – Regulatory Matters and Restrictions, are incorporated by reference herein, from Item 8, and made a part hereof. Note M discloses capital ratios for both the Bank and the Corporation, shown as Consolidated.
Regulatory Capital Changes
In July 2013, the federal banking agencies issued final rules to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rules call for the following capital requirements:
| ● | A minimum ratio of common equity tier I capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% |
| ● | A minimum ratio of tier I capital to risk-weighted assets of 6% |
| ● | A minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of 8% |
| ● | A minimum leverage ratio of 4% |
In addition, the final rules established a common equity tier I capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets applicable to all banking organizations. If a banking organization fails to hold capital above the minimum capital ratios and the capital conservation buffer, it will be subject to certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments.
Consistent with the Dodd-Frank Act, the rules replace the ratings-based approach to securitization exposures, which is based on external credit ratings, with the simplified supervisory formula approach in order to determine the appropriate risk weights for these exposures. Alternatively, banking organizations may use the existing gross-up approach to assign securitization exposures to a risk weight category or choose to assign such exposures a 1,250 percent risk weight. The Corporation does not securitize assets and has no plans to do so.
Under the rules, mortgage servicing assets (MSAs) and certain deferred tax assets (DTAs) are subject to stricter limitations than those applicable under the current general risk-based capital rule. The rules also increase the risk weights for past-due loans, certain commercial real estate loans, and some equity exposures, and makes selected other changes in risk weights and credit conversion factors.
Management has evaluated the impact of the above rules on levels of the Corporation’s capital. The final rulings were highly favorable in terms of the items that would have a more significant impact to the Corporation and community banks in general. Specifically, the AOCI final ruling, which would have had the greatest impact, now provides the Corporation with an opt-out provision. The final ruling on the risk weightings of mortgages was favorable and did not have a material negative impact. The rulings as to trust preferred securities, preferred stock, and securitization of assets are not applicable to the Corporation, and presently the revised treatment of MSAs is not material to capital. The remaining changes to risk weightings on several items mentioned above such as past-due loans and certain
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commercial real estate loans do not have a material impact to capital presently, but could change as these levels change.
Real Estate Lending Standards
Pursuant to the FDICIA, federal banking agencies adopted real estate lending guidelines which would set loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios for different types of real estate loans. The LTV ratio is generally defined as the total loan amount divided by the appraised value of the property at the time the loan is originated. If the institution does not hold a first lien position, the total loan amount would be combined with the amount of all junior liens when calculating the ratio. In addition to establishing the LTV ratios, the guidelines require all real estate loans to be based upon proper loan documentation and a recent appraisal or certificate of inspection of the property.
Prompt Corrective Action
In the event that an institution’s capital deteriorates to the Undercapitalized category or below, FDICIA prescribes an increasing amount of regulatory intervention, including:
| ● | Implementation of a capital restoration plan and a guarantee of the plan by a parent institution |
| ● | Placement of a hold on increases in assets, number of branches, or lines of business |
If capital reaches the significantly or critically undercapitalized level, further material restrictions can be imposed, including restrictions on interest payable on accounts, dismissal of management, and (in critically undercapitalized situations) appointment of a receiver. For well-capitalized institutions, FDICIA provides authority for regulatory intervention where they deem the institution to be engaging in unsafe or unsound practices, or if the institution receives a less than satisfactory examination report rating for asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity, or sensitivity to market risk.
Other FDICIA Provisions
Each depository institution must submit audited financial statements to its primary regulator and the FDIC, whose reports are made publicly available. In addition, the audit committee of each depository institution must consist of outside directors and the audit committee at “large institutions” (as defined by FDIC regulation) must include members with banking or financial management expertise. The audit committee at “large institutions” must also have access to independent outside counsel. In addition, an institution must notify the FDIC and the institution’s primary regulator of any change in the institution’s independent auditor, and annual management letters must be provided to the FDIC and the depository institution’s primary regulator. The regulations define a “large institution” as one with over $500 million in assets, which does include the Bank. Also, under the rule, an institution's independent public accountant must examine the institution's internal controls over financial reporting and perform agreed-upon procedures to test compliance with laws and regulations concerning safety and soundness.
Under the FDICIA, each federal banking agency must prescribe certain safety and soundness standards for depository institutions and their holding companies. Three types of standards must be prescribed:
| ● | asset quality and earnings |
| ● | operational and managerial, and |
| ● | compensation |
Such standards would include a ratio of classified assets to capital, minimum earnings, and, to the extent feasible, a minimum ratio of market value to book value for publicly traded securities of such institutions and holding companies. Operational and managerial standards must relate to:
| ● | internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems |
| ● | loan documentation |
| ● | credit underwriting |
| ● | interest rate exposure |
| ● | asset growth, and |
| ● | compensation, fees and benefits |
The FDICIA also sets forth Truth in Savings disclosure and advertising requirements applicable to all depository institutions.
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USA PATRIOT Act of 2001/Bank Secrecy Act
In October 2001, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 (Patriot Act) was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks in New York, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C., which occurred on September 11, 2001. The Patriot Act is intended to strengthen U.S. law enforcement’s and the intelligence communities’ abilities to work cohesively to combat terrorism on a variety of fronts. The impact of the Patriot Act on financial institutions of all kinds is significant and wide ranging. The Patriot Act contains sweeping anti-money laundering and financial transparency laws and imposes various regulations, including standards for verifying client identification at account opening, and rules to promote cooperation among financial institutions, regulators and law enforcement entities in identifying parties that may be involved in terrorism or money laundering.
Under the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), banks and other financial institutions are required to report to the Internal Revenue Service currency transactions of more than $10,000 or multiple transactions of which a bank is aware in any one day that aggregate in excess of $10,000 and to report suspicious transactions under specified criteria. Civil and criminal penalties are provided under the BSA for failure to file a required report, for failure to supply information required by the BSA, or for filing a false or fraudulent report.
Loans to Insiders/Regulation O
Regulation O, also known as Loans to Insiders, governs the permissible lending relationships between a bank and its executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders and their related interests. The primary restriction of Regulation O is that loan terms and conditions, including interest rates and collateral coverage, can be no more favorable to the insider than loans made in comparable transactions to non-covered parties. Additionally, the loan may not involve more than normal risk. The regulation requires quarterly reporting to regulators of the total amount of credit extended to insiders.
Under Regulation O, a bank is not required to obtain approval from the bank’s Board of Directors prior to making a loan to an executive officer or Board of Director member as long as a first lien on the executive officer’s residence secures the loan. The Corporation’s policy requires prior Board of Director approval of any Executive Officer or Director loan that when aggregated with other outstanding extensions of credit to the Insider and their related interests exceeds $500,000. Loans to any Executive Officer or Director with aggregate exposure of under $500,000 must be reported at the next scheduled Board of Director meeting. Further amendments allow bank insiders to take advantage of preferential loan terms that are available to substantially all employees. Regulation O does permit an insider to participate in a plan that provides more favorable credit terms than the bank provides to non-employee customers provided that the plan:
| ● | Is widely available to employees |
| ● | Does not give preference to any insider over other employees |
The Bank has a policy in place that offers general employees more favorable loan terms than those offered to non-employee customers. The Bank’s policy on loans to insiders allows insiders to participate in the same favorable rate and terms offered to all other employees; however, any loan to an insider that does not fall within permissible regulatory exceptions must receive the prior approval of the Bank’s Board of Directors.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
Dodd-Frank Act, was enacted in response to the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008. The act reshaped Wall Street and the American banking industry by bringing the most significant changes to financial regulation in the United States since the regulatory reform that followed the Great Depression. The Act’s numerous provisions were to be implemented over a period of several years and were intended to decrease various risks in the U.S. financial system. Dodd-Frank created a new Financial Stability Oversight Council to identify systemic risks in the financial system and gave federal regulators new authority to take control of and liquidate financial firms. Dodd-Frank was expected to and did have an impact on the Corporation’s business operations as its provisions began to take effect. To date the provisions that did go into effect, or began to phase in, did at a minimum increase the Corporation’s operating and compliance costs.
Holding Company Capital Requirements
Dodd-Frank requires the Federal Reserve to apply consolidated capital requirements to bank holding companies that are no less stringent than those currently applied to depository institutions. Under these standards, trust preferred
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securities will be excluded from Tier I capital unless such securities were issued prior to May 19, 2010, by a bank holding company with less than $15 billion in assets. Dodd-Frank additionally requires that bank regulators issue countercyclical capital requirements so that the required amount of capital increases in times of economic expansion and decreases in times of economic contraction, are consistent with safety and soundness.
Corporate Governance
Dodd-Frank requires publicly traded companies to give stockholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation at least every three years, a non-binding vote regarding the frequency of the vote on executive compensation at least every six years, and a non-binding vote on “golden parachute” payments in connection with approvals of mergers and acquisitions unless previously voted on by shareholders. Additionally, Dodd-Frank directs the federal banking regulators to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to executives of depository institutions and their holding companies with assets in excess of $1 billion, regardless of whether the company is publicly traded. Dodd-Frank also gives the SEC authority to prohibit broker discretionary voting on elections of directors and executive compensation matters.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)
Dodd-Frank created a new, independent federal agency called the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which is granted broad rulemaking, supervisory and enforcement powers under various federal consumer financial protection laws, including the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Truth in Lending Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Fair Debt Collection Act, the Consumer Financial Privacy Provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and certain other statutes. The CFPB has examination and primary enforcement authority with respect to depository institutions with $10 billion or more in assets. Smaller institutions are subject to rules promulgated by the CFPB but continue to be examined and supervised by federal banking regulators for consumer compliance purposes. The CFPB has authority to prevent unfair, deceptive, or abusive practices in connection with the offering of consumer financial products. Dodd-Frank authorized the CFPB to establish certain minimum standards for the origination of residential mortgages including a determination of the borrower’s ability to repay. In addition, Dodd-Frank allows borrowers to raise certain defenses to foreclosure if they receive any loan other than a “qualified mortgage” as defined by the CFPB. Dodd-Frank permits states to adopt consumer protection laws and standards that are more stringent than those adopted at the federal level and, in certain circumstances, permits state attorneys general to enforce compliance with both the state and federal laws and regulations.
Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage Rule
Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB amended Regulation Z as implemented by the Truth in Lending Act, requiring mortgage lenders to make a reasonable and good faith determination based on verified and documented information that a consumer applying for a mortgage loan has a reasonable ability to repay the loan according to its terms. Mortgage lenders are required to determine consumers’ ability to repay in one of two ways. The first alternative requires the mortgage lender to consider the following eight underwriting factors when making the credit decision: (1) current or reasonably expected income or assets; (2) current employment status; (3) the monthly payment on the covered transaction; (4) the monthly payment on any simultaneous loan; (5) the monthly payment for mortgage-related obligations; (6) current debt obligations, alimony, and child support; (7) the monthly debt-to-income ratio or residual income; and (8) credit history. Alternatively, the mortgage lender can originate “qualified mortgages,” which are entitled to a presumption that the creditor making the loan satisfied the ability-to-repay requirements. In general, a “qualified mortgage” is a mortgage loan without negative amortization, interest-only payments, balloon payments, or terms exceeding 30 years. In addition, to be a qualified mortgage the points and fees paid by a consumer cannot exceed 3% of the total loan amount. Loans which meet these criteria will be considered qualified mortgages, and as a result generally protect lenders from fines or litigation in the event of foreclosure. Qualified mortgages that are “higher-priced” (e.g. subprime loans) garner a rebuttable presumption of compliance with the ability-to-repay rules, while qualified mortgages that are not “higher-priced” (e.g. Prime loans) are given a safe harbor of compliance. The final rule, as issued, is not expected to have a material impact on the Corporation’s lending activities and on the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Interchange Fees
Under the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act, the Federal Reserve adopted rules establishing standards for assessing whether the interchange fees that may be charged with respect to certain electronic debit transactions are “reasonable and proportional” to the costs incurred by issuers for processing such transactions.
Interchange fees or “swipe” fees, are charges that merchants pay to the Corporation and other card-issuing banks for processing electronic payment transactions. The Federal Reserve Board has ruled that for financial institutions with
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assets of $10 billion or more the maximum permissible interchange fee for an electronic debit transaction is the sum of 21 cents per transaction and 5 basis points multiplied by the value of the transaction. The Federal Reserve Board also has rules governing routing and exclusivity that require issuers to offer two unaffiliated networks for routing transactions on each debit or prepaid product. While the Corporation’s asset size is presently under $10 billion, there is concern that these requirements impacting financial institutions over $10 billion in assets will eventually be pushed down to either financial institutions over $1 billion or to all financial institutions. This would negatively impact the Corporation’s non-interest income.
TILA/RESPA Integrated Disclosure (TRID) Rules
The TRID rules were mandated by Dodd-Frank to address the problem of the sometimes duplicative and overlapping disclosures required by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) and Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) involving consumer purpose, closed end loans secured by real property. The CFPB was tasked with developing the new disclosures, defining the regulatory compliance parameters, and implementation. The timing elements built around these new disclosures were established to provide the consumer with ample time to consider the credit transaction and its associated costs. The final rules were implemented by amending the Truth in Lending Act; however implementation proved to be difficult as this marked the first time in thirty years that these standard disclosures were changed. Much reliance was placed on third party providers to the financial institutions to make all the necessary changes to the disclosures. After one delay, the rules became effective October 3, 2015. The Corporation partnered with its loan document software providers to ensure timely, compliant implementation.
Department of Defense Military Lending Rule
In 2015, the U.S. Department of Defense issued a final rule which restricts pricing and terms of certain credit extended to active duty military personnel and their families. This rule, which was implemented effective October 3, 2016, caps the interest rate on certain credit extensions to an annual percentage rate of 36% and restricts other fees. The rule requires financial institutions to verify whether customers are military personnel subject to the rule. The impact of this final rule, and any subsequent amendments thereto, on the Corporation’s lending activities and the Corporation’s statements of income or condition has had little or no impact; however, management will continue to monitor the implementation of the rule for any potential side effects on the Corporation’s business.
Cybersecurity
In March 2015, federal regulators issued two related statements regarding cybersecurity. One statement instructed financial institutions to design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management practices cover the risk of compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. The other statement indicates that a financial institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving malware. Financial institutions are expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address the rebuilding of network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers are victim to a cyber-attack. The Corporation could be subject to fines or penalties if it fails to observe this regulatory guidance. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for further discussion of risks related to cybersecurity.
Ongoing Legislation
As a consequence of the extensive regulation of the financial services industry and specifically commercial banking activities in the United States, the Corporation’s business is particularly susceptible to changes in federal and state legislation and regulations. Over the course of time, various federal and state proposals for legislation could result in additional regulatory and legal requirements for the Corporation. Management cannot predict if any such legislation will be adopted, or if adopted, how it would affect the business of the Corporation. Past history has demonstrated that new legislation or changes to existing legislation usually results in a heavier compliance burden and generally increases the cost of doing business.
It is possible that there will be regulatory proposals which, if implemented, could have a material effect upon our liquidity, capital resources and results of operations. In addition, the general cost of compliance with numerous federal and state laws does have, and in the future may have, a negative impact on our results of operations. As with other banks, the status of the financial services industry can affect the Bank. Consolidations of institutions are expected to continue as the financial services industry seeks greater efficiencies and market share. Bank
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management believes that such consolidations may enhance the Bank’s competitive position as a community bank. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for more information.
Statistical Data
The statistical disclosures required by this item are incorporated by reference herein from the Consolidated Statements of Income on page 57 as found in this Form 10-K filing.
Available Information
The Corporation maintains a website on the Internet at www.enbfc.com. The Corporation makes available free of charge, on or through its website, its proxy statements, annual reports on From 10-K, quarterly reports on From 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This reference to the Corporation’s Internet address shall not, under any circumstances, be deemed to incorporate the information available at such Internet address into this Form 10-K or other SEC filings. The information available at the Corporation’s Internet address is not part of this Form 10-K or any other report filed by the Corporation with the SEC. The Corporation’s SEC filings can also be obtained on the SEC’s website on the Internet at www.sec.gov.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
An investment in the Corporation’s common stock is subject to risks inherent to the banking industry and the equity markets. The material risks and uncertainties that management believes affect the Corporation are described below. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing the Corporation. Additional risks and uncertainties that management is not aware of or is not focused on, or currently deems immaterial, may also impair the Corporation’s business operations. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.
If any of the following risks actually occur, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the value of the Corporation’s common stock could decline significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related To The Corporation’s Business
The Corporation Is Subject To Interest Rate Risk
The Corporation’s earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon its net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on interest earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense paid on interest bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowed funds. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the Corporation’s control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, particularly, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest the Corporation receives on loans and securities, but also the amount of interest it pays on deposits and borrowings. Changes in interest rates could also affect:
| ● | The Corporation’s ability to originate loans and obtain deposits |
| ● | The fair value of the Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities |
| ● | The average duration of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities |
| ● | The future liquidity of the Corporation |
If the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other securities, the Corporation’s net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected. Earnings could also be adversely affected if the interest rates received on loans and other securities fall more quickly than, or do not keep pace with, the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings or increases thereon.
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Although management believes it has implemented effective asset and liability management strategies to reduce the potential effects of changes in interest rates on the Corporation’s results of operations, any substantial, unexpected, prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation Is Subject To Lending Risk
There are inherent risks associated with the Corporation’s lending activities. These risks include, among other things, the impact of changes in interest rates and changes in the economic conditions in the markets where the Corporation operates, as well as those across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the United States. Increases in interest rates and/or weakening economic conditions could adversely impact the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans or the value of the collateral securing these loans. The Corporation is also subject to various laws and regulations that affect its lending activities. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could subject the Corporation to regulatory enforcement action that could result in the assessment of significant civil money penalties against the Corporation.
As of December 31, 2023, 26.1% of the Corporation’s loan portfolio consisted of Business Loans. These types of loans are generally viewed as having more risk of default than consumer real estate loans or other consumer loans. These types of loans are also typically larger than consumer real estate loans and other consumer loans. Because the Corporation’s loan portfolio contains a significant number of commercial and industrial, construction, and commercial real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in non-performing loans. An increase in non-performing loans could result in a net loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for possible credit losses, and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation is subject to commercial real estate volatility that may result in increases in non-performing loans that could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
The commercial real estate market nationally, regionally, and locally has recently been subject to increased levels of volatility. Many believe that commercial real estate in the commercial office sector is undergoing a fundamental transformation and change that started during the recent pandemic but also continues due to evolving workplace environments. These changes in the marketplace affect the demand for commercial office space which in turn may affect the credit status, profitability, and collectability, of existing and future commercial real estate office sector loans. As explained above in greater detail in the risk factor for Lending Risk, volatility and increases in non-performing loans could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation’s Allowance For Possible Credit Losses May Be Insufficient
The Corporation maintains an allowance for possible credit losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses, charged to expense. The allowance for possible credit losses represents the Corporation’s best estimate of expected losses in our financial assets, which includes loans, leases, and debt securities. The allowance for possible credit losses includes two primary components: (1) an allowance established on financial assets which share similar risk characteristics collectively evaluated for credit losses, and (2) an allowance established on financial assets which do not share similar risk characteristics with any loan segment and is individually evaluated for credit losses. The level of the allowance for possible credit losses includes quantitative and qualitative factors that comprise the Corporation’s estimate of expected credit losses, including portfolio mix and segmentation, modeling methodology, historical loss experience, relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to qualitative adjustment factors, and reasonable and supportable forecasts about future economic conditions. Determining the appropriate level of the allowance for possible credit losses understandably involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires the Corporation to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans, and other factors, both within and outside of the Corporation’s control, may require an increase in the allowance for possible credit losses. In addition, regulatory agencies periodically review the Corporation’s allowance for credit losses and may require an increase in the provision for possible losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for possible credit losses, the Corporation will need additional provisions to increase the allowance for possible credit losses. Any increases in the allowance for possible credit losses will result in a decrease in net income, and may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
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If The Corporation Concludes That The Decline In Value Of Any Of Its Debt Securities Is Credit Related, The Corporation is Required To Write Down The Value Of That Security Through A Charge To Earnings
The Corporation reviews the debt securities portfolio at each quarter-end reporting period to determine whether the fair value is below the current carrying value. When the fair value of any of the debt securities has declined below its carrying value, the Corporation is required to assess whether the decline is related to credit deterioration. If it concludes that the decline is credit related, it is required to write down the value of that security through a charge to earnings. In determining whether a credit loss exists, management shall consider the factors in paragraphs 326-30-55-1 through 55-4 of ASU 2016-13 and use its best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security. Management must use its best estimate to determine if a credit loss exists. It may develop its best estimate using either a singular best estimate approach or a probability-weighted approach, but must apply the chosen approach consistently. Management has elected to use the single best estimate method. If the present value of the best estimate is equal to amortized cost, no credit loss calculation needs to be made. If the present value is below amortized cost, the entity must measure the credit loss using the best estimate of cash flows. Due to the complexity of the calculations and assumptions used in determining whether a credit loss exists, the credit loss, if any, may not accurately reflect the actual credit loss in the future.
The Basel III Capital Requirements Or Other Regulatory Standards May Require Us To Maintain Higher Levels Of Capital, Which Could Reduce Our Profitability
Basel III targets higher levels of base capital, certain capital buffers, and a migration toward common equity as the key source of regulatory capital. Although the new capital requirements are phased in over the next decade, Basel III signals a growing effort by domestic and international bank regulatory agencies to require financial institutions, including depository institutions, to maintain higher levels of capital. As Basel III is implemented, regulatory viewpoints could change and require additional capital to support our business risk profile. If the Corporation and the Bank are required to maintain higher levels of capital, the Corporation and the Bank may have fewer opportunities to invest capital into interest-earning assets, which could limit the profitable business operations available to the Corporation and the Bank and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Future Credit Downgrades Of The United States Government Due To Issues Relating To Debt And The Deficit May Adversely Affect The Corporation
As a result of past difficulties of the federal government to reach agreement over federal debt and issues connected with the debt ceiling, certain rating agencies placed the United States Government’s long-term sovereign debt rating on their equivalent of negative watch and announced the possibility of a rating downgrade. The rating agencies, due to constraints related to the rating of the United States, also placed government-sponsored enterprises in which the Corporation invests and receives lines of credit on negative watch and a downgrade of the United States credit rating would trigger a similar downgrade in the credit rating of these government-sponsored enterprises. Furthermore, the credit rating of other entities, such as state and local governments, may also be downgraded should the United States credit rating be downgraded. Credit downgrades often cause a lower valuation of the Corporation’s securities.
The Corporation Is Subject To Environmental Liability Risk Associated With Lending Activities
A significant portion of the Corporation’s loan portfolio is secured by real property. During the ordinary course of business, the Corporation may foreclose on and take title to properties securing certain loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous or toxic substances are found, the Corporation may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage. Environmental laws may require the Corporation to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit the Corporation’s ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws, may increase the Corporation’s exposure to environmental liability. Although the Corporation has policies and procedures to perform an environmental review before initiating any foreclosure action on real property, these reviews may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation’s Profitability Depends Significantly On Economic Conditions In The Commonwealth Of Pennsylvania And Its Market Area
The Corporation’s success depends primarily on the general economic conditions of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and more specifically, the local markets in which the Corporation operates. Unlike larger national or other regional banks that are more geographically diversified, the Corporation provides banking and financial services to customers primarily located in Lancaster County, as well as Berks, Chester, and Lebanon Counties.
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The local economic conditions in these areas have a significant impact on the demand for the Corporation’s products and services as well as the ability of the Corporation’s customers to repay loans, the value of the collateral securing loans, and the stability of the Corporation’s deposit funding sources. A significant decline in general economic conditions, caused by inflation, recession, acts of terrorism, outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic occurrences, unemployment, changes in securities markets, or other factors could impact these local economic conditions and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Earnings Of Financial Services Companies Are Significantly Affected By General Business And Economic Conditions
The Corporation’s operations and profitability are impacted by general business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, money supply, political issues, legislative and regulatory changes, fluctuations in both debt and equity capital markets, broad trends in industry and finance, and the strength of the U.S. economy and the local economies in which the Corporation operates, all of which are beyond the Corporation’s control. Deterioration in economic conditions could result in an increase in loan delinquencies and non-performing assets, decreases in loan collateral values and a decrease in demand for the Corporation’s products and services, among other things, any of which could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation Operates In A Highly Competitive Industry And Market Area
The Corporation faces substantial competition in all areas of its operations from a variety of different competitors, many of which are larger and may have more financial resources. Such competitors primarily include national, regional, and community banks within the various markets in which the Corporation operates. Additionally, various out-of-state banks have begun to enter or have announced plans to enter the market areas in which the Corporation currently operates. The Corporation also faces competition from many other types of financial institutions, including, without limitation, online banks, savings and loans, credit unions, finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, and other financial intermediaries. The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes, and continued consolidation. Banks, securities firms, and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding company, which can offer virtually any type of financial service, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both agency and underwriting), and merchant banking. Also, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems. Many of the Corporation’s competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures. Additionally, due to their size, many competitors may be able to achieve economies of scale and, as a result, may offer a broader range of products and services as well as better pricing for those products and services than the Corporation can offer.
The Corporation’s ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things:
| ● | The ability to develop, maintain, and build upon long-term customer relationships based on quality service, high ethical standards, and safe, sound management practices |
| ● | The ability to expand the Corporation’s market position |
| ● | The scope, relevance, and pricing of products and services offered to meet customer needs and demands |
| ● | The rate at which the Corporation introduces new products and services relative to its competitors |
| ● | Customer satisfaction with the Corporation’s level of service |
| ● | Industry and general economic trends |
Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken the Corporation’s competitive position, which could adversely affect the Corporation’s growth and profitability and have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation Is Subject To Extensive Government Regulation And Supervision
The Corporation is subject to extensive federal and state regulation and supervision. Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors’ funds, federal deposit insurance funds, and the banking system as a whole, not shareholders. These regulations affect the Corporation’s lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy, and growth, among other things. Congress and federal regulatory agencies continually review banking laws, regulations, and policies for possible changes. Changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies, including changes in interpretation or implementation of statutes, regulations, or policies, could affect the Corporation in substantial and unpredictable ways.
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Such changes could subject the Corporation to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products the Corporation may offer, and/or increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products, among other things. Failure to comply with laws, regulations, or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties, and/or reputation damage, which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. While the Corporation has policies and procedures designed to prevent any such violations, there can be no assurance that such violations will not occur.
Future Governmental Regulation And Legislation Could Limit The Corporation’s Future Growth
The Corporation is a registered bank holding company, and its subsidiary bank is a depository institution whose deposits are insured by the FDIC. As a result, the Corporation is subject to various regulations and examinations by various regulatory authorities. In general, statutes establish the corporate governance and eligible business activities for the Corporation, certain acquisition and merger restrictions, limitations on inter-company transactions such as loans and dividends, capital adequacy requirements, requirements for anti-money laundering programs and other compliance matters, among other regulations. The Corporation is extensively regulated under federal and state banking laws and regulations that are intended primarily for the protection of depositors, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole. Compliance with these statutes and regulations is important to the Corporation’s ability to engage in new activities and consummate additional acquisitions. In addition, the Corporation is subject to changes in federal and state tax laws as well as changes in banking and credit regulations, accounting principles and governmental economic and monetary policies. The Corporation cannot predict whether any of these changes may adversely and materially affect it. Federal and state banking regulators also possess broad powers to take supervisory actions as they deem appropriate. These supervisory actions may result in higher capital requirements, higher insurance premiums and limitations on the Corporation’s activities that could have a material adverse effect on its business and profitability. While these statutes are generally designed to minimize potential loss to depositors and the FDIC insurance funds, they do not eliminate risk, and compliance with such statutes increases the Corporation’s expense, requires management’s attention and can be a disadvantage from a competitive standpoint with respect to non-regulated competitors.
The Corporation’s Banking Subsidiary May Be Required To Pay Higher FDIC Insurance Premiums Or Special Assessments Which May Adversely Affect Its Earnings
Future bank failures may prompt the FDIC to increase its premiums above the current levels or to issue special assessments. The Corporation generally is unable to control the amount of premiums or special assessments that its subsidiary is required to pay for FDIC insurance. Any future changes in the calculation or assessment of FDIC insurance premiums may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s results of operations, financial condition, and the ability to continue to pay dividends on common stock at the current rate or at all.
The Corporation’s Controls And Procedures May Fail Or Be Circumvented
Management regularly reviews and updates the Corporation’s internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of the Corporation’s controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.
New Lines Of Business Or New Products And Services May Subject The Corporation To Additional Risks
From time to time, the Corporation may implement new lines of business or offer new products and services within existing lines of business. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new products and services, the Corporation may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the introduction and development of new lines of business and/or new products or services may not be achieved and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives, and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation of a new line of business or a new product or service. Furthermore, any new line of business and/or new product or service could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the Corporation’s system of internal controls. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business or new products or services could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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The Corporation’s Ability To Pay Dividends Depends On Earnings And Is Subject To Regulatory Limits
The Corporation’s ability to pay dividends is also subject to its profitability, financial condition, capital expenditures, and other cash flow requirements. Dividend payments are subject to legal and regulatory limitations, generally based on net profits and retained earnings, imposed by the various banking regulatory agencies. There is no assurance that the Corporation will have sufficient earnings to be able to pay dividends or generate adequate cash flow to pay dividends in the future. The Corporation’s failure to pay dividends on its common stock could have a material adverse effect on the market price of its common stock.
Future Acquisitions May Disrupt The Corporation’s Business And Dilute Stockholder Value
The Corporation may use its common stock to acquire other companies or make investments in corporations and other complementary businesses. The Corporation may issue additional shares of common stock to pay for future acquisitions, which would dilute the ownership interest of current shareholders of the Corporation. Future business acquisitions could be material to the Corporation, and the degree of success achieved in acquiring and integrating these businesses into the Corporation could have a material effect on the value of the Corporation’s common stock. In addition, any acquisition could require the Corporation to use substantial cash or other liquid assets or to incur debt. In those events, the Corporation could become more susceptible to economic downturns and competitive pressures.
The Corporation May Need To Or Be Required To Raise Additional Capital In The Future, And Capital May Not Be Available When Needed And On Terms Favorable To Current Shareholders
Federal banking regulators require the Corporation and its subsidiary bank to maintain adequate levels of capital to support their operations. These capital levels are determined and dictated by law, regulation, and banking regulatory agencies. In addition, capital levels are also determined by the Corporation’s management and board of directors based on capital levels that they believe are necessary to support the Corporation’s business operations.
If the Corporation raises capital through the issuance of additional shares of its common stock or other securities, it would likely dilute the ownership interests of current investors and could dilute the per share book value and earnings per share of its common stock. Furthermore, a capital raise through issuance of additional shares may have an adverse impact on the Corporation’s stock price. New investors also may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to the Corporation’s current shareholders, which may adversely impact its current shareholders. The Corporation’s ability to raise additional capital will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of its control, and on its financial performance. Accordingly, the Corporation cannot be certain of its ability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms and acceptable time frames or to raise additional capital at all. If the Corporation cannot raise additional capital in sufficient amounts when needed, its ability to comply with regulatory capital requirements could be materially impaired. Additionally, the inability to raise capital in sufficient amounts may adversely affect the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation May Not Be Able To Attract And Retain Skilled People
The Corporation’s success highly depends on its ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in most activities engaged in by the Corporation can be intense and the Corporation may not be able to hire people or to retain them. The unexpected loss of services of one or more of the Corporation’s key personnel could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business because of their skills, knowledge of the Corporation’s market, years of industry experience, and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel.
The Corporation’s Communications, Information and Technology Systems May Experience An Interruption Or Breach In Security
The Corporation relies heavily on communications, information and technology systems to conduct its business. Any failure, interruption, or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in the Corporation’s customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan, and other systems. While the Corporation has policies and procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of the failure, interruption, or security breach of its communications, information and technology systems, there can be no assurance that any such failures, interruptions, or security breaches will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed. Further, while the Corporation maintains insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions including significant self-insured deductibles, cover or ameliorate certain financial aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses.
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The occurrence of any failures, interruptions, or security breaches of the Corporation’s communications, information and technology systems could damage the Corporation’s reputation, adversely affecting customer or consumer confidence, result in a loss of customer business, subject the Corporation to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible regulatory penalties, or expose the Corporation to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation Continually Encounters Technological Change
The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. The Corporation’s future success depends, in part, upon its ability to address the needs of its customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in the Corporation’s operations. Many of the Corporation’s competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. The Corporation may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to its customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The Corporation’s Operations Of Its Business, Including Its Interaction With Customers, Are Increasingly Done Via Electronic Means, And This Has Increased Its Risks Related To Cyber Security
The Corporation is exposed to the risk of cyber-attacks in the normal course of business. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. The Corporation has observed an increased level of attention in the industry focused on cyber-attacks that include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. To combat against these attacks, policies and procedures are in place to prevent or limit the effect on the possible security breach of its information and technology systems. While the Corporation maintains insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions including significant self-insured deductibles, cover or ameliorate certain financial aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all or a material amount of losses. While the Corporation has not incurred any material losses related to cyber-attacks, nor is it aware of any specific or threatened cyber-incidents as of the date of this report, it may incur substantial costs and suffer other negative consequences if it falls victim to successful cyber-attacks. Such negative consequences could include remediation costs that may include liability for stolen assets or information and repairing system damage that may have been caused; deploying additional personnel and protection technologies, training employees, and engaging third party experts and consultants; lost revenues resulting from unauthorized use of proprietary information or the failure to retain or attract customers following an attack; disruption or failures of physical infrastructure, operating systems or networks that support our business and customers resulting in the loss of customers and business opportunities; additional regulatory scrutiny and possible regulatory penalties; litigation; and reputational damage adversely affecting customer or investor confidence.
The Corporation Uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Its Business, And Challenges With Properly Managing Its Use Could Result In Disruption Of The Corporation’s Internal Operations, Reputational Harm, Competitive Harm, Legal Liability And Adversely Affect Our Results Of Operations And Stock Price.
The Corporation incorporates AI solutions into platforms that deliver products and services to our customers, including solutions developed by third parties whose AI is integrated into our products and services. Our business could be harmed and we may be exposed to legal liability and reputational risk if the AI we use is or is alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, or biased because the AI algorithms are flawed, insufficient, of poor quality, or reflect unwanted forms of bias, particularly if third party AI integrated with our platforms produces false or “hallucinatory” inferences.
Data practices by us or others that result in controversy could impair the acceptance of AI, which could undermine the decisions, predictions, or analysis that AI applications produce. Our customers and potential customers may express adverse opinions concerning our use of AI and machine learning that could result in brand or reputational harm, competitive harm, or legal liability. If the Corporation adopts the use of Generative AI, its content creation may require additional investment as testing for bias, accuracy and unintended, harmful impact is often complex and may be costly. As a result, the Corporation may need to increase the cost of our products and services which may make us less competitive, particularly if our competitors incorporate AI more quickly or successfully.
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Governmental bodies have implemented laws and are considering further regulation of AI (including machine learning), which could negatively impact our ability to use and develop AI. The Corporation is unable to predict how application of existing laws, including federal and state privacy and data protection laws, and adoption of new laws and regulations applicable to AI will affect us but it is likely that compliance with such laws and regulations will increase our compliance costs and such increase may be substantial and adversely affect our results of operations. Furthermore, our use of Generative AI and other forms of AI may expose us to risks relating to intellectual property ownership and licensing rights, including copyright of Generative AI and other AI output as these issues have not been fully interpreted by federal courts or been fully addressed by federal or state legislation or regulations.
The Increasing Use Of Social Media Platforms Presents New Risks And Challenges And Our Inability Or Failure To Recognize, Respond To And Effectively Manage The Accelerated Impact Of Social Media Could Materially Adversely Impact Our Business
There has been a marked increase in the use of social media platforms, including weblogs (blogs), social media websites, and other forms of Internet-based communications which allow individuals access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. Social media practices in the banking industry are evolving, which creates uncertainty and risk of noncompliance with regulations applicable to our business. Consumers value readily available information concerning businesses and their goods and services and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. Many social media platforms immediately publish the content their subscribers and participants post, often without filters or checks on accuracy of the content posted. Information posted on such platforms at any time may be adverse to our interests and/or may be inaccurate. The dissemination of information online could harm our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations, regardless of the information’s accuracy. The harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.
Other risks associated with the use of social media include improper disclosure of proprietary information, negative comments about our business, exposure of personally identifiable information, fraud, out-of-date information, and improper use by employees and customers. The inappropriate use of social media by our customers or employees could result in negative consequences including remediation costs including training for employees, additional regulatory scrutiny and possible regulatory penalties, litigation or negative publicity that could damage our reputation adversely affecting customer or investor confidence.
The Corporation Is Subject To Claims And Litigation Pertaining To Fiduciary Responsibility
From time to time, customers make claims and take legal action pertaining to the Corporation’s performance of its fiduciary responsibilities. Whether customer claims and legal action related to the Corporation’s performance of its fiduciary responsibilities are founded or unfounded, if such claims and legal actions are not resolved in a manner favorable to the Corporation, they may result in significant financial liability and/or adversely affect the market perception of the Corporation and its products and services as well as impact customer demand for those products and services. Any financial liability or reputation damage could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Financial Services Companies Depend On The Accuracy And Completeness Of Information About Customers And Counterparties
In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions, the Corporation may rely on information furnished by, or on behalf of, customers and counterparties, including financial statements, credit reports, and other financial information. The Corporation may also rely on representations of those customers, counterparties, or other third parties, such as independent auditors, as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. Reliance on inaccurate or misleading financial statements, credit reports, or other financial information could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business and, in turn, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
Consumers May Decide Not To Use Banks To Complete Their Financial Transactions
Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions that historically have involved banks through alternative methods. For example, consumers can now maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts or mutual funds. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits.
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The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
A Change In Control Of The United States Government And Issues Relating To Debt And The Deficit May Adversely Affect The Corporation
The outcome of future elections could result in changes in control of the federal government and bring significant changes (or uncertainty) in governmental policies, regulatory environments, spending sentiment and many other factors and conditions, some of which could adversely impact the Corporation’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Negative Developments Affecting The Banking Industry, Including Recent Bank Failures Or Concerns Regarding Liquidity, Have Eroded Customer Confidence In The Banking System And May Have A Material Adverse Effect On The Corporation.
Events impacting the banking industry, including the high-profile failure or instability of certain banking institutions, have resulted and may continue to result in general uncertainty and eroded confidence in the safety, soundness, and financial strength of the financial services sector. In particular, the bank failures highlighted the potential serious impact of a financial institution unable to meet withdrawal requests by depositors. This has resulted in a growing concern about liquidity in the banking industry, access to and volatile capital markets and reduced stock valuations for certain financial institutions. Similar future events, including additional bank failures or bank instability, could directly or indirectly adversely impact our own liquidity, access to capital markets, stock price, financial condition and results of operations. Further, these recent events may also result in: greater regulatory scrutiny and enforcement; additional and more stringent laws and regulations for the financial services industry; increased FDIC deposit insurance premiums or special FDIC assessments; and higher capital ratio requirements, which as a result could have a material negative impact and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Other Events
Natural Disasters, Acts Of War Or Terrorism, Domestic and International Instability, Pandemics, and Other External Events Could Significantly Impact The Corporation’s Business
Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, domestic and international instability, pandemics, and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on the Corporation’s ability to conduct business. Such events could affect the stability of the Corporation’s deposit base; impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue, and/or cause the Corporation to incur additional expenses. Severe weather or natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, pandemics, or other adverse external events, may occur in the future. Although management has established disaster recovery policies and procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Risks Associated With The Corporation’s Common Stock
The Corporation’s Stock Price Can Be Volatile
Stock price volatility may make it more difficult for shareholders to resell their shares of common stock when they desire and at prices they find attractive. The Corporation’s stock price can fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors including, among other things:
| • | Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly results of operations | ||
| • | Recommendations by securities analysts | ||
| • | Operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to the Corporation | ||
| • | News reports relating to trends, concerns, and other issues in the financial services industry | ||
| • | Perceptions in the marketplace regarding the Corporation and/or its competitors | ||
| • | New technology used, or services offered, by competitors | ||
| • | Significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments by, or involving, the Corporation or its competitors | ||
| • | Changes in government regulations | ||
| • |
Geopolitical conditions such as acts or threats of terrorism or military conflicts
|
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General market fluctuations, industry factors, and general economic and political conditions and events, such as economic slowdowns or recessions, interest rate changes, or credit loss trends, could also cause the Corporation’s stock price to decrease regardless of operating results.
The Trading Volume In The Corporation’s Common Stock Is Less Than That Of Other Larger Financial Services Companies
The Corporation’s common stock is listed for trading on the OTCQX Best Market (OTCQX) under the symbol ENBP. The trading volume in its common stock is a fraction of that of other larger financial services companies. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity, and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of the Corporation’s common stock at any given time. This presence depends on the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which the Corporation has no control. Given the lower trading volume of the Corporation’s common stock, significant sales of the Corporation’s common stock, or the expectation of these sales, could cause the Corporation’s stock price to fall.
An Investment In The Corporation’s Common Stock Is Not An Insured Deposit
The Corporation’s common stock is not a bank deposit and, therefore, is not insured against loss by the FDIC, any other deposit insurance fund, or by any other public or private entity. Investment in the Corporation’s common stock is inherently risky for the reasons described in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this report and is subject to the same market forces that affect the price of common stock in any company. As a result, an investor in the Corporation’s common stock may lose some or all of their investment.
The Corporation’s Articles Of Incorporation And Bylaws, As Well As Certain Banking Laws, May Have An Anti-Takeover Effect
Provisions of the Corporation’s articles of incorporation and bylaws, federal banking laws, including regulatory approval requirements, and the Corporation’s stock purchase rights plan, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire the Corporation, even if doing so would be perceived to be beneficial to the Corporation’s shareholders. The combination of these provisions effectively inhibits a non-negotiated merger or other business combination that could adversely affect the market price of the Corporation’s common stock.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity, data privacy, and data protection are critical to our business. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store certain confidential information such as the personal information of depositors and borrowers and information about our employees, contractors, vendors, and suppliers. We rely heavily on the secure processing, storage, and transmission of sensitive and confidential financial, personal, and other information in our computer systems and networks.
The Corporation has developed and implemented an Information Security Program based on the Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) best practices and recommendations from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), applicable regulatory guidance, and other industry standards. Components of the program include a risk assessment program to identify, assess, and mitigate cybersecurity risk; a vendor management program to address third-party cybersecurity risk; a business continuity program (BCP) to ensure continuity of operations; and an incident response program documenting cybersecurity incident response and notification procedures. The Corporation’s Information Security Officer (ISO) oversees the programs and reports on their statuses to management committees including the Senior Leadership Committee, ERM Governance Committee, and Operational Risk Committees. The ISO is part of the risk management function, reporting directly to the Chief Risk Officer, who in turn, reports directly to the Board of Directors. The ISO has over twenty years of professional experience in cybersecurity, vendor management, business continuity, and incident response, and holds multiple relevant professional certifications. The ISO provides periodic updates to the Board of Directors, including a comprehensive annual report. The Information Security, Vendor Management, BCP, and Incident Response Programs are approved by the Board annually.
The ISO maintains risk assessments for critical IT systems, vendors, and processes. A third party cybersecurity risk assessment tool, as well as the FFIEC's Cybersecurity Assessment Tool (CAT) are used annually to assess these
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risks. Third parties are assessed to address their risks according to service type, compliance risk, financial risk, operational risk, and security risk. The level of due diligence and ongoing monitoring that is performed is based on that assessment.
The ISO conducts training on cybersecurity risks for all new employees, and at least annually for existing employees and the Board of Directors. In addition to this training program, simulated phishing attempts are sent to employees on a regular basis to evaluate their understanding of these risks and to provide supplemental training as needed. The Corporation uses data loss prevention and web filtering software to ensure malicious data does not enter the Corporation's network, and sensitive information does not leave the network unless properly secured. Penetration tests and vulnerability scanning are performed on a regular basis. We employ an in-depth, layered, defensive strategy with respect to our products, services, and technology. We leverage people, processes, and technology to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. We employ various preventative and detective tools designed to monitor, block, and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on any suspected advanced persistent threats.
Access to data on the Corporation's networks is granted only if needed for job functions. The Information Security Department approves all changes to access and critical systems are subject to annual review.
An Incident Response Team that includes representatives from key areas of the Corporation meets in the event of cybersecurity incidents. This Team receives special training, including an annual tabletop exercise. The Team ensures the proper notifications are made to comply with all relevant laws, rules, regulations, and policies.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no cybersecurity incidents that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Corporation.
Item 2. Properties
As of December 31, 2023, ENB Financial Corp and Ephrata National Bank owned and leased buildings in the normal course of business. The headquarters of ENB Financial Corp and main office of Ephrata National Bank is at 31 East Main Street, Ephrata, Pennsylvania. As of December 31, 2023, the Bank owned 18 properties and leased five properties. These properties are adequate for their intended and present utilization.
For more information concerning the amounts recorded for premises and equipment and commitments under current leasing agreements, see Notes D and Q of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report on Form 10-K.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The nature of the Corporation’s business generates a certain amount of litigation involving matters arising in the ordinary course of business; however, in the opinion of management, there are no material proceedings pending to which the Corporation is a party to, or which would be material in relation to the Corporation’s financial condition. There are no proceedings pending other than ordinary routine litigation incident to the business of the Corporation. In addition, no material proceedings are pending, known to be threatened, or contemplated against the Corporation by governmental authorities.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures – Not Applicable
Part II
| Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
The Corporation has only one class of stock authorized, issued, and outstanding, which consists of common stock with a par value of $0.10 per share. As of December 31, 2023, there were 24,000,000 shares of common stock authorized with 5,739,114 shares issued, and 5,670,054 shares outstanding to approximately 822 shareholders.
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The Corporation’s common stock is traded on a limited basis on the OTCQX Best Market under the symbol “ENBP.” Prices presented in the table below reflect high and low prices of actual transactions known to management. Prices and dividends per share are adjusted for stock splits. Market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark up, mark down, or commission and may not reflect actual transactions.
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| High | Low | Dividend | High | Low | Dividend | |||||||||||||||||||
| First quarter | $ | 16.99 | $ | 13.45 | $ | 0.17 | $ | 22.40 | $ | 21.15 | $ | 0.17 | ||||||||||||
| Second quarter | 15.00 | 12.45 | 0.17 | 22.40 | 17.67 | 0.17 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Third quarter | 14.90 | 12.65 | 0.17 | 18.55 | 16.10 | 0.17 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth quarter | 15.00 | 12.64 | 0.17 | 18.03 | 16.00 | 0.17 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dividends
The Corporation, and before it the Bank, since 1973 has generally paid quarterly cash dividends on or around March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15 of each year. The Corporation currently expects to continue the practice of paying regular quarterly cash dividends to its shareholders for the foreseeable future. However, future dividends are dependent upon future earnings and legal restrictions. The dividend payments reflected above amount to a dividend payout ratio between 26.0% and 31.0% for 2022 and 2023, respectively. The dividend payout ratio is only one element of management’s plan for managing capital. Certain laws restrict the amount of dividends that may be paid to shareholders in any given year. In addition, under Pennsylvania corporate law, the Corporation may not pay a dividend if, after issuing the dividend (1) the Corporation would be unable to pay its debts as they become due, or (2) the Corporation’s total assets would be less than its total liabilities plus the amount needed to satisfy any preferential rights of shareholders. In addition, as declared by the Board of Directors, Ephrata National Bank’s dividend restrictions apply indirectly to ENB Financial Corp because cash available for dividend distributions will initially come from dividends Ephrata National Bank pays to ENB Financial Corp. See Note M to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-K filing, for information that discusses and quantifies this regulatory restriction.
ENB Financial Corp offers its shareholders the convenience of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRP) and the direct deposit of cash dividends. The DRP gives shareholders registered with the Corporation the opportunity to have their quarterly dividends invested automatically in additional shares of the Corporation’s common stock. Shareholders who prefer a cash dividend may have their quarterly dividends deposited directly into a checking or savings account at their financial institution. For additional information on either program, contact the Corporation’s stock registrar and dividend paying agent, Computershare Shareholder Services, P.O. Box 505000, Louisville, KY 40233-5000.
Purchases
The following table details the Corporation’s purchase of its own common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2023.
Issuer Purchase of Equity Securites
| Total Number of | Maximum Number | |||||||||||||||
| Total Number | Average | Shares Purchased | of Shares that May | |||||||||||||
| of Shares | Price Paid | as Part of Publicly | Yet be Purchased | |||||||||||||
| Period | Purchased | Per Share | Announced Plans * | Under the Plan * | ||||||||||||
| October 2023 | 10,000 | 13.12 | 10,000 | 120,510 | ||||||||||||
| November 2023 | — | — | — | 120,510 | ||||||||||||
| December 2023 | — | — | — | 120,510 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 10,000 | |||||||||||||||
* On October 21, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a plan to repurchase, in the open market and privately renegotiated transactions, up to 200,000 shares of its outstanding common stock. This plan replaces the 2019 plan. The first purchase of common stock under this plan occurred on October 28, 2020. By December 31, 2023, a total of 79,490 shares were repurchased at a total cost of $1,357,412, for an average cost per share of $17.07.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities and Equity Compensation Plan
The Corporation does not have an equity compensation plan and has not sold any unregistered securities.
Item 6. [Reserved]
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis represents management’s view of the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and other financial schedules included in this annual report. The financial condition and results of operations presented are not indicative of future performance.
Strategic Overview
ENB Financial Corp and its wholly owned subsidiary, Ephrata National Bank, are committed to remaining an independent community bank serving its market area. The Corporation’s roots date back to the April 11, 1881 charter granted to Ephrata National Bank by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Bank’s growth has been entirely organic over 142 years of existence. The Board and Management are committed to the principles and values that have served the company well over its history and the desire is to produce strong financial results that will ensure trust from the Bank’s customers and favorable returns to the shareholders.
Results of Operations
Overview
The year ended December 31, 2023, was positively impacted by a number of items resulting in solid financial results. The Corporation grew interest income rapidly during 2023 as a result of interest-earning asset growth in 2022 and 2023. The growth in interest income was also supported by the rapid increase in the Federal Funds rate and concurrently the Prime rate as the Federal Reserve moved to combat inflation by increasing overnight rates dramatically. In conjunction with the rising rate environment, the Corporation also experienced a rapid increase in interest expense during 2023 as the cost of funds on deposits and borrowings increased dramatically. Even with the increased interest expense, net interest income still increased as interest income rose faster than interest expense. The year was also marked by lower operating income and higher operating expenses with increases primarily in salaries and benefits as well as software and technology costs.
The Corporation recorded net income of $12,375,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, a $2,256,000, or 15.4% decrease from the year ended December 31, 2022. The earnings per share, basic and diluted, were $2.19 in 2023, compared to $2.62 in 2022, a 16.4% decrease. The decrease in the Corporation’s 2023 earnings was caused primarily by a decline in non-interest income in addition to an increase in operating expenses that was partially offset by the increase in net interest income and a decrease in the provision for credit losses.
The Corporation’s net interest income (NII) increased by $3,456,000, or 6.8%, in 2023, compared to 2022. The increase in NII primarily resulted from an increase in interest and fees on loans of $19,291,000, or 46.0%, and interest on securities available for sale of $1,387,000, or 10.5%. Interest expense on deposits and borrowings increased by $18,462,000, or 343.4%, in 2023 compared to the prior year. The increasing interest rate environment has caused an increase in asset yield, but also an increase in the cost of funds, which has resulted in these much higher levels of interest expense.
The Corporation recorded a $520,000 provision for credit losses in 2023, compared to $1,300,000 in 2022. The lower provision in 2023 was primarily caused by the adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments as of January 1, 2023. This required standard implements a methodology that reflects credit losses that are expected to occur over the remaining life of the financial asset. This new current expected credit loss model (CECL) is based on possible economic scenarios as well as qualitative factors specific to the Corporation. During 2023, the Corporation grew its loan portfolio by $169 million. However, during the third and fourth quarters, improved economic factors resulted in a decrease in the allowance requirement resulting in a lower provision expense compared to 2022.
Non-interest income excluding security and mortgage gains increased by $1,176,000, or 9.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the prior year, due primarily to higher fees earned on an off-balance sheet sweep account which had increased participation and higher balances in 2023 compared to the prior year. Mortgage gains decreased in 2023 to $767,000, compared to $1,302,000 in 2022. The majority of mortgage production during 2023 were adjustable rate mortgages that were generated and retained on the Corporation’s balance sheet resulting in lower levels of mortgages originated for sale and lower levels of gains on mortgages sold.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Additionally, the Corporation recorded pre-tax losses on debt and equity securities of $1,496,000 during 2023, compared to gains of $10,000 recorded in 2022. During 2023, the Corporation made the strategic decision to update a partial portfolio restructuring and sell some low-yielding securities to reinvest in higher yielding loans. During the first quarter of 2023, the Corporation sold approximately $28.1 million of municipal bonds that had a duration of 2.85 years with a book yield of 2.96%. The loss on these sales was $435,000 with an earn-back period of approximately six months. During the second quarter of 2023, the Corporation sold $33.0 million of bonds: $9.0 million of Corporate bonds, $15.3 million of U.S. Treasury bonds, and $8.7 million of U.S. Agency bonds. The Corporate bonds had a book yield of 5.66% with a duration of 3 months. The loss on sale from this transaction was $24,000. The U.S. Treasury and Agency bonds resulted in a loss of $929,000. These bonds had a book yield of 1.52% with a duration of 1.5 years. This strategic sale had an earn-back period of approximately 11 months. Proceeds from all sales were used to fund higher yielding loan growth. New loans originated in the first half of 2023, had an average rate of 6.11% with an average life of 6 years.
The financial services industry uses two primary performance measurements to gauge performance: return on average assets (ROA) and return on average equity (ROE). ROA measures how efficiently a bank generates income based on the amount of assets or size of a company. ROE measures the efficiency of a company in generating income based on the amount of equity or capital utilized.
| Key Performance Ratios | ||||||||
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Return on Average Assets | 0.65 | % | 0.83 | % | ||||
| Return on Average Equity | 12.03 | % | 13.63 | % | ||||
The results of the Corporation’s operations are best explained by addressing in further detail the five major sections of the income statement, which are as follows:
| ● | Net interest income |
| ● | Provision for credit losses |
| ● | Other income |
| ● | Operating expenses |
| ● | Income taxes |
The following discussion analyzes each of these five components.
Net Interest Income (NII)
NII represents the largest portion of the Corporation’s operating income. In 2023, NII generated 81.0% of the Corporation’s revenue stream, which consists of NII and non-interest income, compared to 78.9% in 2022. This increase is a result of higher levels of interest-earning assets in 2023 compared to 2022 and lower non-interest income as a result of losses on securities, lower levels of mortgage gains, and lower levels of bank owned life insurance income. The overall performance of the Corporation is highly dependent on the changes in NII since it comprises such a significant portion of operating income.
The following table shows a summary analysis of NII on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis. For analytical purposes and throughout this discussion, yields, rates, and measurements such as NII, net interest spread, and net yield on interest earning assets are presented on an FTE basis. The FTE NII shown in both tables below will exceed the NII reported on the consolidated statements of income, which is not shown on an FTE basis.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
| Net Interest Income | ||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | ||||||||
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Total interest income | 77,877 | 55,959 | ||||||
| Total interest expense | 23,838 | 5,376 | ||||||
| Net interest income | 54,039 | 50,583 | ||||||
| Tax equivalent adjustment | 633 | 1,210 | ||||||
| Net interest income | ||||||||
| (fully taxable equivalent) | 54,672 | 51,793 | ||||||
NII is the difference between interest income earned on assets and interest expense incurred on liabilities. Accordingly, two factors affect NII:
| ● | The rates charged on interest earning assets and paid on interest bearing liabilities |
| ● | The average balance of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities |
NII is impacted by yields earned on assets and rates paid on liabilities. With the rapid increase in the short-term Federal Reserve rates in 2022 and 2023, asset yields have increased and the U.S. Treasury curve increased dramatically on the short end but has been relatively flat on the long end resulting in an inverted yield curve.
As a result of a larger balance sheet in 2023, with higher asset yields, the Corporation’s NII on a tax equivalent basis increased significantly but the Corporation’s margin decreased to 2.94% for year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 3.03% in 2022. Loan and investment yields were higher in 2023 due to the Fed rate increases during the year positively impacting yields on variable rate instruments and increasing the yields on new volume. However, the rate on interest-bearing liabilities increased at a faster pace resulting in the margin compression. The Corporation’s NII on a tax equivalent basis in 2023 increased over 2022, by $2,879,000, or 5.6%.
The Corporation’s overall cost of funds increased dramatically during 2023 with higher core deposit interest rates as well as time deposit rates. Customer behavior changed during 2023 as well with balances moving out of non-interest bearing accounts into higher costs accounts like time deposits. The average balance and interest rates of borrowings was higher in 2023 compared to 2022, resulting in higher interest expense. The Corporation now carries a total of $40 million of subordinated debt that was issued at the holding company; $20 million beginning on December 30, 2020, at a rate of 4.00%, and $20 million beginning on July 22, 2022, at a rate of 5.75%.
The following table provides an analysis of year-to-year changes in net interest income by distinguishing what changes were a result of average balance increases or decreases and what changes were a result of interest rate increases or decreases.
29
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
RATE/VOLUME ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME
(TAXABLE EQUIVALENT BASIS, DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 2023 vs. 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||
| Due To Change In | ||||||||||||
| Net | ||||||||||||
| Average | Interest | Increase | ||||||||||
| Balances | Rates | (Decrease) | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| INTEREST INCOME | ||||||||||||
| Interest on deposits at other banks | (77 | ) | 795 | 718 | ||||||||
| Securities available for sale: | ||||||||||||
| Taxable | (1,108 | ) | 3,982 | 2,874 | ||||||||
| Tax-exempt | (998 | ) | (881 | ) | (1,879 | ) | ||||||
| Total securities | (2,106 | ) | 3,101 | 995 | ||||||||
| Loans | 11,161 | 8,219 | 19,380 | |||||||||
| Regulatory stock | 141 | 107 | 248 | |||||||||
| Total interest income | 9,119 | 12,222 | 21,341 | |||||||||
| INTEREST EXPENSE | ||||||||||||
| Deposits: | ||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 362 | 9,804 | 10,166 | |||||||||
| Savings deposits | (7 | ) | 239 | 232 | ||||||||
| Time deposits | 1,120 | 4,498 | 5,618 | |||||||||
| Total deposits | 1,475 | 14,541 | 16,016 | |||||||||
| Borrowings: | ||||||||||||
| Total borrowings | 1,687 | 759 | 2,446 | |||||||||
| Total interest expense | 3,162 | 15,300 | 18,462 | |||||||||
| NET INTEREST INCOME | 5,957 | (3,078 | ) | 2,879 | ||||||||
In 2023, the Corporation’s NII on an FTE basis increased by $2,879,000, a 5.6% increase over 2022. Total interest income increased $21,341,000, or 37.3%, while interest expense increased $18,462,000, or 343.3%, from 2022 to 2023. The FTE interest income from the securities portfolio increased by $995,000, or 6.9%, while loan interest income increased $19,380,000, or 46.0%. During 2023, additional loan volume added $11,161,000 to net interest income, and higher yields primarily due to the higher interest rate environment in 2023, caused an $8,219,000 increase. Lower balances in the securities portfolio caused a decrease of $2,106,000 in net interest income, while higher yields on securities caused a $3,101,000 increase, resulting in a net increase of $995,000.
The average balance of interest bearing liabilities increased by 18.7% during 2023, driven by the growth in deposit and borrowings balances. Deposit rates increased in 2023 causing a significant increase in interest expense. Higher interest rates contributed to $14,541,000 of increased interest expense while higher deposit balances caused $1,475,000 of increased expense, resulting in a total increase in interest expense of $16,016,000.
Interest-bearing demand deposits repriced causing a large increase in interest expense due to the large quantity of accounts that were adjusted as customers chose higher yielding products. Demand deposit interest expense increased a total of $10,166,000 in 2023, with $9,804,000 due to higher rates, while higher balances caused an increase of $362,000. Lower balances in savings accounts caused a decrease of $7,000, while higher rates caused an increase of $239,000, resulting in the net increase in interest expense of $232,000 on savings deposits. Time deposit balances increased rapidly throughout 2023, resulting in higher interest expense of $1,120,000, while higher rates caused an increase of $4,498,000, resulting in a net increase of $5,618,000.
The average balance of total borrowings increased by $48,475,000, or 55.2%, from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2023. The increase in total borrowings increased interest expense by $1,687,000. Higher rates on borrowings, affected by the Fed rate increases, resulted in higher interest expense of $759,000. The aggregate of these amounts was an increase in interest expense of $2,446,000 related to total borrowings.
30
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The following table shows a more detailed analysis of net interest income on an FTE basis shown with all the major elements of the Corporation’s balance sheet, which consists of interest earning and non-interest earning assets and interest bearing and non-interest bearing liabilities. Additionally, the analysis provides the net interest spread and the net yield on interest earning assets. The net interest spread is the difference between the yield on interest earning assets and the interest rate paid on interest bearing liabilities. The net interest spread has the deficiency of not giving credit for the non-interest bearing funds and capital used to fund a portion of the total interest earning assets. For this reason, management emphasizes the net yield on interest earning assets, also referred to as the net interest margin (NIM). The NIM is calculated by dividing net interest income on an FTE basis into total average interest earning assets. The NIM is generally the benchmark used by analysts to measure how efficiently a bank generates NII.
COMPARATIVE AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND NET INTEREST INCOME
(TAXABLE EQUIVALENT BASIS, DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Yield/ | Average | Yield/ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | Interest | Rate | Balance | Interest | Rate | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | % | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest earning assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal funds sold and deposits at other banks | 23,620 | 890 | 3.77 | 35,710 | 172 | 0.48 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable | 373,311 | 12,149 | 3.25 | 419,323 | 9,275 | 2.21 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt | 159,842 | 3,347 | 2.09 | 202,868 | 5,226 | 2.58 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities (d) | 533,153 | 15,496 | 2.91 | 622,191 | 14,501 | 2.33 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (a) | 1,293,734 | 61,522 | 4.76 | 1,043,065 | 42,142 | 4.04 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Regulatory stock | 7,950 | 602 | 7.57 | 5,894 | 354 | 6.01 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest earning assets | 1,858,457 | 78,510 | 4.23 | 1,706,860 | 57,169 | 3.35 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest earning assets (d) | 41,184 | 57,510 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 1,899,641 | 1,764,370 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 488,008 | 11,950 | 2.45 | 415,749 | 1,784 | 0.43 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 337,659 | 324 | 0.10 | 365,460 | 92 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 208,320 | 6,492 | 3.12 | 116,615 | 874 | 0.75 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowed funds | 136,243 | 5,072 | 3.72 | 87,768 | 2,626 | 2.99 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest bearing liabilities | 1,170,230 | 23,838 | 2.04 | 985,592 | 5,376 | 0.55 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 615,169 | 664,116 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 11,413 | 7,305 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 1,796,812 | 1,657,013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity | 102,829 | 107,357 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities & stockholders' equity | 1,899,641 | 1,764,370 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (FTE) | 54,672 | 51,793 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest spread (b) | 2.19 | 2.80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of non-interest bearing funds | 0.75 | 0.23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net yield on interest earning assets (c) | 2.94 | 3.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | Includes balances of non-accrual loans and the recognition of any related interest income. Average balances also include net deferred loan costs of $2,478,000 in 2023 and $2,239,000 in 2022. Such fees recognized through income and included in the interest amounts totaled ($366,000) in 2023 and ($175,000) in 2022. |
| (b) | Net interest spread is the arithmetic difference between the yield on interest earning assets and the rate paid on interest bearing liabilities. |
| (c) | Net yield, also referred to as net interest margin, is computed by dividing net interest income (FTE) by total interest earning assets. |
| (d) | Securities recorded at amortized cost. Unrealized holding gains and losses are included in non-interest earning assets. |
31
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The Corporation’s average balance of securities decreased by $89.0 million, or 14.3%, in 2023 compared to 2022 and the tax equivalent yield on investments increased by 58 basis points. Despite lower balances, interest income on securities increased due to the increasing yield due to higher market rates.
Average balances on loans increased by $250.7 million, or 24.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the prior year. Loan yields increased by 72 basis points for the year and loan interest income increased $19,380,000, or 46.0% as a result of the significantly higher balances and higher yields.
The average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts increased by $136.2 million, or 15.2%, in 2023 compared to 2022. Interest-bearing demand deposits and time deposits increased rapidly during 2023 while the average balance of savings accounts declined as customers moved funds into higher yielding accounts. Coupled with higher average balances, the interest rate paid on deposits increased as well resulting in an increase in interest expense on deposits of $16,016,000, or 582.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Corporation’s average balance on borrowed funds increased by $48.5 million, or 55.2%, in 2023. The Corporation’s borrowed funds consist of overnight borrowings, short and long-term FHLB advances, as well as subordinated debt issued in December of 2020 and July of 2022, which was used to support capital growth for the Bank. The additional FHLB advances were used to fund loan growth and caused average borrowings to increase year-over-year. The rate paid on borrowed funds increased by 73 basis points for 2023, compared to 2022 as a result of the second issuance of subordinated debt in July of 2022 which carries a 5.75% rate, and additional FHLB advances which carried higher rates due to the Fed Funds rate increases throughout 2023.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the net interest spread decreased by 61 basis points to 2.19%, compared to 2.80% for 2022. The effect of non-interest bearing funds increased to 75 basis points from 23 basis points when comparing both years. The effect of non-interest bearing funds refers to the benefit gained from deposits on which the Corporation does not pay interest. As rates go higher, the benefit of non-interest bearing deposits increases because there is more difference between non-interest bearing funds and interest bearing liabilities. The Corporation’s NIM for 2023 was 2.94%, compared to 3.03% for 2022.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses includes a provision for losses on loans, available-for-sale debt securities, and unfunded loan commitments. The provision provides for losses inherent in the financial assets as determined by a quarterly analysis and calculation of various factors related to the financial assets. The amount of the provision reflects the adjustment management determines necessary to ensure the Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) is adequate to cover any losses inherent in the financial assets. The Corporation recorded a provision expense of $315,000 for credit losses related to loans, $205,000 for unfunded commitments, and $0 related to available-for-sale debt securities for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1,300,000 related to loans for the year ended December 31, 2022. The provision expense was lower in 2023 due to the Corporation’s adoption of ASU 2016-13 which requires a reliance on forward economic indicators to project expected credit losses. Improved economic conditions in the third and fourth quarters of 2023 resulted in a reduction in provision expense. As of December 31, 2023, the allowance as a percentage of total loans was 1.12%, compared to 1.19% at December 31, 2022.
Management continues to evaluate the allowance for credit losses in relation to the growth or decline of the loan portfolio and its associated credit risk, and believes the provision and the allowance for credit losses are adequate to provide for future losses. For further discussion of the calculation, see the “Allowance for Credit Losses” section.
Other Income
Other income for 2023 was $12,699,000, a decrease of $865,000, or 6.4%, compared to the $13,564,000 earned in 2022. The following table details the categories that comprise other income.
32
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
OTHER INCOME
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 2023 vs. 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| Trust and investment services | 2,883 | 2,643 | 240 | 9.1 | ||||||||||||
| Service charges on deposit accounts | 1,378 | 1,348 | 30 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||
| Other fees | 3,368 | 1,590 | 1,778 | 111.8 | ||||||||||||
| Commissions | 3,618 | 3,663 | (45 | ) | (1.2 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net (losses) gains on debt and equity securities | (1,496 | ) | 10 | (1,506 | ) | (15,060.0 | ) | |||||||||
| Gains on sale of mortgages | 767 | 1,302 | (535 | ) | (41.1 | ) | ||||||||||
| Earnings on bank-owned life insurance | 958 | 1,583 | (625 | ) | (39.5 | ) | ||||||||||
| Other miscellaneous income | 1,223 | 1,425 | (202 | ) | (14.2 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total other income | 12,699 | 13,564 | (865 | ) | (6.4 | ) | ||||||||||
Trust and investment services income increased by 9.1% from 2022 to 2023 primarily as a result of higher income on the trust services side which increased by $366,000, or 21.7%. Service charges on deposit accounts increased by $30,000, or 2.2% compared to the prior year and other fees increased by $1,778,000, or 111.8% as a result of higher fees on a third party sweep product in 2023. The Corporation sets rates on this sweep product and retains a certain percentage of this rate which is recorded as other income. Commissions remained stable for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. Gains on debt and equity securities were lower in 2023 driven by the strategic sale of some investments in order to fund much higher yielding loan growth. The losses on these securities will be recovered in fewer than twelve months due to the disparity in rate between the investments and newly issued loans at much higher rates. Mortgage gains were lower in 2023, by $535,000, or 41.1%, due to rapid increases in interest rates which negatively impacted the margins on mortgages sold. Additionally, more mortgage originations in 2023 were in the form of adjustable-rate mortgages held on the Corporation’s balance sheet as opposed to 2022 when most mortgage originations were fixed-rate and sold on the secondary market. Holding mortgages on balance sheet results in interest income as opposed to an immediate gain on sale when mortgages are sold in the secondary market. Earnings on bank-owned life insurance (BOLI) decreased by $625,000, or 39.5%, year-over-year primarily attributed to two BOLI payouts in the fourth quarter of 2022 that were not replicated in 2023. The Corporation purchased and is the beneficiary of all BOLI policies taken out on a group of its former directors and current and former officers. Due to the death of two participants during 2022, the Corporation recorded BOLI income of $678,000. Other miscellaneous income decreased $202,000, or 14.2% in 2023 compared to 2022 due to non-recurring income items in 2022.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for 2023 were $51,407,000, an increase of $5,478,000, or 11.9%, compared to $45,929,000 in 2022. The following table provides details of the Corporation’s operating expenses for the last two years along with the percentage increase or decrease compared to the previous year.
OPERATING EXPENSES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 2023 vs. 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | 30,152 | 27,324 | 2,828 | 10.3 | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy expenses | 3,259 | 2,846 | 413 | 14.5 | ||||||||||||
| Equipment expenses | 1,302 | 1,240 | 62 | 5.0 | ||||||||||||
| Advertising & marketing expenses | 1,404 | 1,083 | 321 | 29.6 | ||||||||||||
| Computer software & data processing expenses | 6,891 | 5,591 | 1,300 | 23.3 | ||||||||||||
| Shares tax | 1,167 | 1,380 | (213 | ) | (15.4 | ) | ||||||||||
| Professional services | 3,198 | 2,743 | 455 | 16.6 | ||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 4,034 | 3,722 | 312 | 8.4 | ||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 51,407 | 45,929 | 5,478 | 11.9 | ||||||||||||
33
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Salaries and employee benefits are the largest category of operating expenses. For the year 2023, salaries and benefits increased $2,828,000, or 10.3%, compared to 2022. The increase in salary costs was primarily due to additions to staff as well as increasing costs to fill empty positions due to the competitive job market. Occupancy and equipment expenses combined increased 11.6%, from the prior year mostly due to higher depreciation costs related to new facilities and equipment and increased lease expenses. Advertising and marketing expenses increased by $321,000, or 29.6%, as a result of higher levels of advertising costs as the Corporation markets to new prospects in newer markets as well as promotes various products and services. Computer software and data processing expenses are growing at a rapid pace, 23.3% year-over year, as a result of higher technology costs and new bank-wide initiatives that rely heavily on software platforms and additional costs related to system conversions the Corporation implemented in 2023. Shares tax expense is based on the Corporation’s level of shareholders’ equity from the prior year and has decreased by 15.4%, year-over-year commensurate with the decline in shareholders’ equity from 2021 to 2022. Professional services expenses increased by 16.6% in 2023, compared to the prior year driven higher by an increase in outside services costs primarily related to project management costs related to system conversions. Other operating expenses increased by 8.4% year-over-year primarily as a result of higher FDIC insurance costs and higher expenses due to fraud-related charge-offs.
Income Taxes
Nearly all of the Corporation’s income is taxed at a corporate rate of 21% for Federal income tax purposes. The Corporation is also subject to Pennsylvania Corporate Net Income Tax; however, very limited taxable activity is conducted at the corporate level. The Corporation’s wholly owned subsidiary, Ephrata National Bank, is not subject to state income tax, but does pay Pennsylvania Bank Shares Tax. The Bank Shares Tax expense appears on the Corporation’s Consolidated Statements of Income under operating expenses.
Certain items of income are not subject to Federal income tax, such as tax-exempt interest income on loans and securities, and increases in the cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance; therefore, the effective income tax rate for the Corporation is lower than the stated tax rate. The effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the Corporation’s provision for income tax by the pre-tax income for the applicable period.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Corporation recorded a tax provision of $2,436,000, compared to $2,287,000 for 2022. This increase in tax expense can be attributed to lower levels of tax-free income. The effective tax rate for the Corporation was 16.4% for 2023 and 13.5% for 2022. The Corporation’s effective tax rate is lower than the 21% corporate rate as a result of tax-free assets that the Corporation holds on its balance sheet. The majority of the Corporation’s tax-free assets are in the form of obligations of states and political subdivisions, referred to as municipal bonds. The Corporation also has a relatively small component of tax-free municipal loans.
34
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Financial Condition
Balance Sheet Overview and Liquidity
The Corporation maintains liquid assets at adequate levels in order to meet the needs of our balance sheet. Our primary source of liquidity is core deposits and our available-for-sale investment portfolio both of which provide more than enough liquidity to fund loans to customers and any other funding needs.
A portion of our liquidity consists of cash and cash equivalents and borrowings. At December 31, 2023, cash and equivalents amounted to $89.0 million, an increase of $51.4 million, or 136.9%, from balances at December 31, 2022. Our primary sources of cash are principal repayments on loans, proceeds from the sales, calls, and maturities of investment securities, principal repayments of mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities, and increases in deposit accounts. As of December 31, 2023, we had borrowings outstanding from the FHLB of $101.2 million and subordinated debt of $39.6 million.
At December 31, 2023, the Corporation had $614.5 million in loan commitments outstanding, which included $91.5 million in firm loan commitments, $504.7 million in unused lines of credit, and open letters of credit of $18.3 million. Certificates of deposit due within one year totaled $247.2 million, or 82.3% of certificates of deposit. We believe, based on past experience that a significant portion of our certificates of deposit will remain with us upon maturity and we have ample liquidity outside of these funds. We have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.
As reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, our cash flows are classified for financial reporting purposes as operating, investing or financing cash flows. Net cash provided by operating activities was $30.1 million and $21.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net cash used for investing activities was $90.3 million and $315.8 million in fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively, reflecting our loan and investment security activities in the respective periods. Cash provided by financing activities amounted to $111.6 million and $173.3 million for years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively primarily representing increases in our core deposits through the year.
Investment Securities
The Corporation classifies all of its debt securities as available for sale and reports the portfolio at fair market value. As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation had $469.0 million of debt and equity securities, compared to $538.3 million at December 31, 2022, a decrease of $69.2 million, or 12.9%.
The largest movements within the securities portfolio were shaped by market factors, such as:
| ● | slope of the U.S. Treasury curve and projected forward rates |
| ● | interest spread versus U.S. Treasury rates on the various securities |
| ● | pricing of the instruments, including supply and demand for the product |
| ● | structure of the instruments, including duration and average life |
| ● | portfolio weightings versus policy guidelines |
| ● | prepayment speeds on mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations |
| ● | credit risk of each instrument and risk-based capital considerations |
| ● | Federal income tax considerations with regard to obligations of tax-free states and political subdivisions. |
The Corporation’s U.S. Treasury sector decreased by $14.5 million, or 44.4%, since December 31, 2022. U.S. Treasuries represent a safe credit at a market appropriate yield which added some diversity to the portfolio. The Corporation’s U.S. government agency sector decreased by $7.2 million, or 29.2%, since December 31, 2022. The decreases have been due to bond sales throughout the year as part of the portfolio restructuring. Agency MBS and CMO investments in total have declined by $12.8 million, or 17.6%. These bonds pay monthly principal and interest and the Corporation has not reinvested into this sector, so the fair value has been declining. The Corporation began investing in non-agency MBS and CMO instruments in 2022 as a way to achieve a higher yield with bonds that are well protected from a credit standpoint. As of December 31, 2023, this sector stood at $56.2 million, an increase of $5.9 million year over year. There were not concentrations of issuers greater than 10% of the securities portfolio.
35
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The Corporation’s asset-backed securities (ABS) decreased since December 31, 2022, by $7.9 million, or 10.8%. ABS securities are floating rate student loan pools which are instruments that perform well in a rates-up environment and offset the interest rate risk of the longer fixed-rate municipal bonds. These securities provide a variable rate return above the overnight Federal funds rate in a safe investment with a risk rating very similar to that of U.S. Agency bonds. The asset-backed securities generally provide monthly principal and interest payments to complement the Corporation’s ongoing cash flows. Management views the ABS sector as a safe, higher yielding option than cash, with the qualities of cash in a rates-up environment.
Obligations of states and political subdivisions, or municipal bonds, consist of both tax-free and taxable securities. They carry the longest duration on average of any instrument in the securities portfolio but have a higher yield because of the longer interest rate risk. These instruments also experience significant fair market value gains and losses when interest rates decrease and increase. The Corporation sold some municipal bonds during 2023 and the decrease in market interest rates in the fourth quarter of 2023 caused the unrealized losses on these bonds to decrease. As a result, the fair value of this sector declined by $18.4 million, or 8.9% from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2023. Municipal bonds represented 40.8% of the debt securities portfolio as of December 31, 2023, compared to 38.9% as of December 31, 2022. The largest geographical concentrations as of December 31, 2023, were obligations of states and political subdivisions located in the states of Pennsylvania and California.
As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Corporation’s corporate bonds decreased by $14.6 million, or 21.0%, from balances at December 31, 2022. Corporate bonds add diversity to the portfolio and provide strong yields for short maturities; however, by their very nature, corporate bonds carry a higher level of credit risk should the entity experience financial difficulties. The fair value of corporate bonds decreased primarily as a result of maturing bonds during 2023.
The following table presents investment securities at December 31, 2023 by maturity, and the weighted average yield for each maturity presented. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because of prepayment or call options embedded in the securities. The yields presented are calculated using tax-equivalent interest and the amortized cost.
SECURITIES PORTFOLIO MATURITY ANALYSIS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Within | 1 - 5 | 5 - 10 | Over 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Year | Years | Years | Years | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | Yield | $ | Yield | $ | Yield | $ | Yield | $ | Yield | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries | — | — | 19,869 | 1.35 | — | — | — | — | 19,869 | 1.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | — | — | 19,400 | 0.78 | — | 0.00 | — | — | 19,400 | 0.78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 192 | 1.32 | 24,703 | 2.00 | 18,457 | 3.41 | 401 | 2.96 | 43,753 | 2.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 1,797 | 2.44 | 19,299 | 1.84 | 745 | 2.03 | — | — | 21,841 | 1.90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non Agency MBS/CMO | 13,640 | 5.67 | 18,037 | 6.27 | 26,064 | 3.61 | 1,540 | 4.90 | 59,281 | 4.93 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | 4,007 | 5.97 | 25,678 | 6.43 | 36,706 | 6.09 | — | — | 66,391 | 6.21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 3,162 | 2.47 | 42,311 | 1.77 | 15,649 | 3.89 | — | — | 61,122 | 2.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 1,161 | 1.27 | 31,607 | 2.38 | 134,608 | 1.97 | 44,024 | 2.24 | 211,400 | 2.08 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities available for sale | 23,959 | 4.81 | 200,904 | 2.76 | 232,229 | 3.05 | 45,965 | 2.34 | 503,057 | 2.95 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans
Net loans outstanding increased $167.9 million, or 14.3%, from $1.18 billion at December 31, 2022, to $1.34 billion at December 31, 2023. All loan categories showed an increase in balances over the prior period. The Corporation’s strategic plan specifically focused on loan growth while maintaining quality of credit standards. This focus resulted in loan growth across all loan segments in 2023.
Agriculture loans increased to $257.3 million at December 31, 2023, from $238.7 million at January 1, 2023, a 7.8% increase. Business loans increased by $17.9 million at December 31, 2023 from $336.3 million at January 1, 2023, or 5.3%.
36
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Consumer loans not secured by real estate represent a very small portion of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, at $6.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and $5.9 million as of January 1, 2023. These loans consist of personal loans, automobile loans, and other consumer-related loans. Home Equity loans increased by $8.3 million at December 31, 2023 from $98.9 million at January 1, 2023, or 8.4%. Non-Owner Occupied CRE loans increased by $23.8 million at December 31, 2023 from $111.3 million at January 1, 2023, or 21.4%.
The Residential Real Estate category represents the largest group of loans for the Corporation. The Residential Real Estate category of total loans increased from $397.3 million on January 1, 2023, to $497.6 million on December 31, 2023, a 25.2% increase. This category includes closed-end fixed rate or adjustable rate residential real estate loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties, including first and junior liens. The majority of mortgage production during 2023 were adjustable rate mortgages that were generated and retained on the Corporation’s balance sheet resulting in lower levels of mortgages originated for sale and lower levels of gains on mortgages sold.
The following tables show the maturities for the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023, by time frame for the major categories, and also the loans, which are floating or fixed, maturing after one year.
LOAN MATURITIES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Due After | Due After | |||||||||||||||||||
| One Year | Five Years | |||||||||||||||||||
| Due in One | Through | Through | Due After | |||||||||||||||||
| Year or Less | Five Years | 15 Years | 15 Years | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture | 1,573 | 34,823 | 77,711 | 143,266 | 257,372 | |||||||||||||||
| Business Loans | 7,804 | 98,148 | 107,785 | 140,515 | 354,252 | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 1,545 | 4,695 | 152 | — | 6,392 | |||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | 355 | 5,434 | 27,624 | 73,763 | 107,176 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | 5,112 | 10,903 | 47,778 | 71,324 | 135,117 | |||||||||||||||
| Residential Real Estate | 13,971 | 7,856 | 51,018 | 424,708 | 497,553 | |||||||||||||||
| Total amount due | 30,360 | 161,859 | 312,068 | 853,576 | 1,357,862 | |||||||||||||||
FIXED AND FLOATING RATE LOANS DUE AFTER ONE YEAR
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Floating or | ||||||||||||
| Fixed Rates | Adjustable Rates | Total | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Agriculture | 19,058 | 236,741 | 255,799 | |||||||||
| Business Loans | 98,150 | 248,298 | 346,448 | |||||||||
| Consumer Loans | 3,363 | 1,484 | 4,847 | |||||||||
| Home Equity | 30,808 | 76,013 | 106,821 | |||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | 20,442 | 109,563 | 130,005 | |||||||||
| Residential Real Estate | 149,977 | 333,605 | 483,582 | |||||||||
| Total amount due | 321,798 | 1,005,704 | 1,327,502 | |||||||||
The majority of the Corporation’s fixed-rate loans have a maturity date longer than five years. The primary reason for the longevity of the portfolio is the high percentage of real estate loans, which typically have maturities of 15 or 20 years. Out of all the loans due after one year, $321.8 million, or 24.2%, are fixed-rate loans as of December 31, 2023. These loans will not reprice to a higher or lower interest rate unless they mature or are refinanced by the borrower. The remaining $1,005.7 million, or 75.8% of loans due after one year, are made up of loans that are true floating loans and loans that will reprice at a predetermined time in the amortization of the loan. True floating rate loans that would immediately reprice according to changes in the Prime rate are favorable in reducing the Corporation’s total exposure to interest rate risk and fair value risk should interest rates increase.
37
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
For more details regarding how the length of the loan portfolio and its repricing affects interest rate risk, please see Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Non-Performing Assets
Non-performing assets include:
| ● | Non-accrual loans |
| ● | Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing |
| ● | Other real estate owned |
NON-PERFORMING ASSETS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Non-accrual loans | 2,758 | 4,178 | ||||||
| Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing | 519 | 169 | ||||||
| Total non-performing loans | 3,277 | 4,347 | ||||||
| Other real estate owned | — | — | ||||||
| Total non-performing assets | 3,277 | 4,347 | ||||||
| Non-accrual loans to total loans | 0.20% | 0.35% | ||||||
| Non-performing loans to total loans | 0.24% | 0.36% | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses to total loans | 1.12% | 1.19% | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans | 550.25% | 338.70% | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans | 463.11% | 325.53% | ||||||
Non-performing assets decreased by $1,070,000, or 24.6%, from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2023, primarily due to three unrelated non-accrual loans that paid off during the year. As of December 31, 2023, there were twelve loans to ten unrelated borrowers totaling $2,758,000 on non-accrual compared to twelve loans to ten unrelated borrowers totaling $4,178,000 as of December 31, 2022. The largest non-accrual relationship at December 31, 2023, was a commercial mortgage to a single borrower with a balance of $801,000.
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing increased by $350,000, or 207.1%, during 2023 partially offsetting the decrease in non-accrual loans. This increase was primarily the result of a residential mortgage loan for $356,000 that was past due by more than 90 days as of the end of 2023. There were only a total of four loans that reached the 90 days past due level which is a very small number of loans.
Management continues to monitor delinquency trends and the level of non-performing loans as a leading indicator of future credit risk. At this time, management believes that the potential for material losses related to non-performing loans remains low but is likely to trend higher in recessionary periods. It is far more likely the level of non-performing assets would increase than decline to lower levels. The level of the Corporation’s non-performing loans remains very low relative to the size of the portfolio and relative to peers.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Corporation had no properties classified as other real estate owned (OREO). Expenses related to OREO are included in other operating expenses and gains or losses on the sale of OREO are included in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is established to cover any losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance each quarter based upon a detailed analysis and calculation of the allowance for credit losses. This calculation is based upon a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The calculation includes estimates and is based upon losses inherent in the loan portfolio.
38
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The calculation, and detailed analysis supporting it, emphasizes the level of delinquent, non-performing and classified loans. The allowance calculation includes specific provisions for non-performing loans and general allocations to cover anticipated losses on all loan types based on historical losses. Based on the quarterly credit loss calculation, management will adjust the allowance for credit losses through the provision as necessary. Changes to the allowance for credit losses during the year are primarily affected by three events:
| ● | Charge off of loans considered not recoverable |
| ● | Recovery of loans previously charged off |
| ● | Provision for credit losses |
The Corporation’s strong credit and collateral policies have been instrumental in producing a favorable history of loan losses. In recent years, the Corporation has primarily recorded provision expenses in order to account for the growth in the loan portfolio as well as make adjustments for increasing levels of delinquencies and classified loans.
The Net Charge-Off table below shows the net charge-offs for each segment of the Corporation’s loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023.
Net Charge-Offs
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 2023 | ||||
| $ | ||||
| Loans charged-off: | ||||
| Agriculture | — | |||
| Business Loans | — | |||
| Consumer Loans | 64 | |||
| Home Equity | — | |||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | — | |||
| Residential Real Estate | — | |||
| Total loans charged-off | 64 | |||
| Recoveries of loans previously charged-off | ||||
| Agriculture | 71 | |||
| Business Loans | 11 | |||
| Consumer Loans | 4 | |||
| Home Equity | — | |||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | — | |||
| Residential Real Estate | 8 | |||
| Total recoveries | 94 | |||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | — | |||
| Agriculture | (71 | ) | ||
| Business Loans | (11 | ) | ||
| Consumer Loans | 60 | |||
| Home Equity | — | |||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | — | |||
| Residential Real Estate | (8 | ) | ||
| Total net charge-offs (recoveries) | (30 | ) | ||
| Average loans outstanding | ||||
| Agriculture | 246,124 | |||
| Business Loans | 347,473 | |||
| Consumer Loans | 5,011 | |||
| Home Equity | 102,895 | |||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | 125,042 | |||
| Residential Real Estate | 455,199 | |||
| Total average loans outstanding | 1,281,744 | |||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) as a % of average loans outstanding | ||||
| Agriculture | (0.03% | ) | ||
| Business Loans | 0.00% | |||
| Consumer Loans | 1.20% | |||
| Home Equity | 0.00% | |||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | 0.00% | |||
| Residential Real Estate | 0.00% | |||
| Total net charge-offs (recoveries) as a % of average loans outstanding | 0.00% | |||
39
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The Net Charge-Off table below shows the net charge-offs for each segment of the Corporation’s loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022.
Net Charge-Offs
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 2022 | ||||
| $ | ||||
| Loans charged-off: | ||||
| Commercial real estate | 84 | |||
| Consumer real estate | — | |||
| Commercial and industrial | 44 | |||
| Consumer | 19 | |||
| Total loans charged-off | 147 | |||
| Recoveries of loans previously charged-off | ||||
| Commercial real estate | 10 | |||
| Consumer real estate | 10 | |||
| Commercial and industrial | 42 | |||
| Consumer | 5 | |||
| Total recoveries | 67 | |||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | ||||
| Commercial real estate | 74 | |||
| Consumer real estate | (10 | ) | ||
| Commercial and industrial | 2 | |||
| Consumer | 14 | |||
| Total net charge-offs (recoveries) | 80 | |||
| Average loans outstanding | ||||
| Commercial real estate | 435,738 | |||
| Consumer real estate | 416,824 | |||
| Commercial and industrial | 184,483 | |||
| Consumer | 6,020 | |||
| Total average loans outstanding | 1,043,065 | |||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) as a % of average loans outstanding | ||||
| Commercial real estate | 0.02% | |||
| Consumer real estate | 0.00% | |||
| Commercial and industrial | 0.00% | |||
| Consumer | 0.23% | |||
| Total net charge-offs (recoveries) as a % of average loans outstanding | 0.01% | |||
40
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The following table provides the allocation of the Corporation’s allowance for credit losses by major loan classifications. In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Corporation made changes to the loan portfolio segments to align with the methodology applied in determining the allowance under CECL. Refer to Note C Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses for further discussion of these portfolio segments. The new segmentation consists of: Agriculture, Business Loans, Consumer Loans, Home Equity, Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate, and Residential Real Estate.
The percentage of loans indicates the percentage of the loan portfolio represented by the indicated loan type as of December 31, 2023.
ALLOCATION OF RESERVE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | ||||||||
| % of | ||||||||
| $ | Loans | |||||||
| Agriculture | 3,106 | 19.0 | ||||||
| Business Loans | 2,684 | 26.1 | ||||||
| Consumer Loans | 355 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Home Equity | 2,341 | 7.9 | ||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | 818 | 10.0 | ||||||
| Residential Real Estate | 5,872 | 36.5 | ||||||
| Total allowance for credit losses | 15,176 | 100.0 | ||||||
As of December 31, 2023, Residential Real Estate loans represent 36.6% of total loans with 38.7% of the allowance covering these loans. Business Loans represent 26.1% of total loans with 17.7% of the allowance covering these loans. Agriculture Loans represent 19.0% of total loans with 20.5% of the allowance covering these loans. Non-Owner Occupied CRE represents 10.0% of total loans with 5.4% of the allowance covering these loans. Home Equity Loans represent 7.9% of total loans with 15.4% of the allowance covering these loans. The amount of allowance allocated to consumer loans has always been very small as generally consumer loans more than 90 days delinquent are charged off.
The percentage of loans indicates the percentage of the loan portfolio represented by the indicated loan type as of December 31, 2022.
ALLOCATION OF RESERVE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | ||||||||
| % of | ||||||||
| $ | Loans | |||||||
| Commercial real estate | 6,074 | 43.7 | ||||||
| Consumer real estate | 5,442 | 43.8 | ||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 2,151 | 12.0 | ||||||
| Consumer | 67 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Unallocated | 417 | — | ||||||
| Total allowance for loan losses | 14,151 | 100.0 | ||||||
Deposits
The Corporation’s total ending deposits at December 31, 2023, increased by $87.8 million, or 5.4%, from December 31, 2022. Customer deposits are the Corporation’s primary source of funding for loans and securities. Deposit balances grew rapidly in 2022 and prior years due to the very low interest rate environment and the few options available for customers to earn a return on their investment. During 2023, the Corporation grew deposits at a slower pace due to the rapidly rising rate environment and the financial/product options available to customers.
41
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The Deposits by Major Classification table, shown below, provides the average balances of each category for December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
DEPOSITS BY MAJOR CLASSIFICATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Average balances and average rates paid on deposits by major category are summarized as follows:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing demand | 615,169 | — | 664,116 | — | ||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing demand | 214,100 | 4.12 | 117,123 | 1.24 | ||||||||||||
| NOW accounts | 110,652 | 0.34 | 131,613 | 0.05 | ||||||||||||
| Money market deposit accounts | 163,256 | 1.69 | 167,013 | 0.16 | ||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 337,659 | 0.10 | 365,460 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 208,320 | 3.12 | 116,615 | 0.75 | ||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 1,649,156 | 1,561,940 | ||||||||||||||
The average balance of the Corporation’s core deposits decreased by $4.5 million, or 0.3%, from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2023. Non-interest bearing demand accounts decreased by $48.9 million, or 7.4%, and are the Corporation’s cheapest source of funding for balance sheet growth. Interest-bearing demand accounts grew by $97.0 million, or 82.8%, as a result of participating in the reciprocal program for an off-balance sheet sweep product. Money market account average balances decreased by $3.8 million, or 2.2%, and savings accounts decreased by $27.8 million, or 7.6%, from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2023. Time deposits are typically a more rate-sensitive product making them a less reliable source of funding. Time deposits fluctuate as consumers search for the best rates in the market, with less allegiance to any particular financial institution. In 2023, time deposits grew significantly, by $91.7 million, or 78.6%, compared to average balances at December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2023, time deposits of $250,000 or more made up 17.7% of the total time deposits. This compares to 7.2% on December 31, 2022. The total dollar amount of time deposits of $250,000 or more increased $49,446,000, or 510.5%, from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023. Since time deposits of $250,000 or more are made up of relatively few customers with large dollar accounts, management monitors these accounts closely due to the potential for these deposits to rapidly increase or decrease. The following table provides the total amount of time deposits of $250,000 or more for the past two years by maturity distribution.
MATURITY OF TIME DEPOSITS OF $250,000 OR MORE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Three months or less | 6,359 | 1,940 | ||||||
| Over three months through six months | 23,297 | 517 | ||||||
| Over six months through twelve months | 14,013 | 877 | ||||||
| Over twelve months | 15,462 | 6,351 | ||||||
| Total | 59,131 | 9,685 | ||||||
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total uninsured deposits of the Corporation were approximately $226,771,000 and $380,064,000, or 13.1% and 23.2% of total deposits, respectively. Total uninsured deposits is calculated based on regulatory reporting requirements and reflects the portion of any deposit of a customer at an insured depository institution that exceeds the applicable FDIC insurance coverage for that depositor at that institution and amounts in any other uninsured investment or deposit accounts that are classified as deposits and not subject to any federal or state deposit insurance regime.
42
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Borrowings
Total borrowings were $140.8 million as of December 31, 2023, and $113.4 million as of December 31, 2022. The Corporation had no short-term borrowings at December 31, 2023, and had $16.0 million in short-term borrowings at December 31, 2022. Long-term borrowings with the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) increased to $101.2 million as of December 31, 2023, from $58.0 million as of December 31, 2022. These borrowings are used as a secondary source of funding and to mitigate interest rate risk. The increase in long-term FHLB borrowing balances during the year related to strong loan growth and a desire to hedge against potential deposit runoff as a result of the challenging economic environment. As of December 31, 2023, all the borrowings of FHLB were fixed-rate loans. The Corporation continues to be well under the FHLB maximum borrowing capacity which is $687.7 million as of December 31, 2023.
In addition to the long-term advances funded through the FHLB, the Corporation previously completed two sales of a subordinated debt note offering. The Corporation sold $20.0 million of subordinated debt notes in December 2020 with a maturity date of December 30, 2030 and another $20.0 million in July 2022 with a maturity date of September 30, 2032. These notes are non-callable for 5 years and carry a fixed interest rate of 4.00% and 5.75%, respectively, for 5 years and then convert to a floating rate for the remainder of the term. The notes can be redeemed at par beginning 5 years prior to maturity. The notes are structured to qualify as Tier 2 capital for the Corporation and any funds it invests in the Bank qualify as Tier 1 capital at the Bank. As of December 31, 2023, $33.0 million of funds were invested in the Bank. The Corporation paid an issuance fee of 2% that will be amortized to the call date on a pro-rata basis.
Stockholders’ Equity
Federal regulatory authorities require banks to meet minimum capital levels. The Corporation, as well as the Bank, as the solely owned subsidiary of the Corporation, maintains capital ratios well above those minimum levels. The risk-weighted capital ratios are calculated by dividing capital by total risk-weighted assets. Regulatory guidelines determine the risk-weighted assets by assigning assets to specific risk-weighted categories. The calculation of tier I capital to risk-weighted average assets does not include an add-back to capital for the amount of the allowance for credit losses, thereby making this ratio lower than the total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio.
The consolidated asset limit on small bank holding companies is $3 billion and a company with assets under that limit is not subject to the consolidated capital rules but may disclose capital amounts and ratios. The Corporation has elected to disclose those amounts and ratios.
43
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The following tables reflect the capital ratios for the Corporation and Bank compared to the regulatory capital requirements.
REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS:
| Regulatory Requirements | ||||||||||||
| Adequately | Well | |||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | Capital Ratios | Capitalized | Capitalized | |||||||||
| Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 14.8% | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bank | 14.4% | 8.0% | 10.0% | |||||||||
| Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 10.9% | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bank | 13.3% | 6.0% | 8.0% | |||||||||
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 10.9% | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bank | 13.3% | 4.5% | 6.5% | |||||||||
| Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 7.7% | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bank | 9.4% | 4.0% | 5.0% | |||||||||
| As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 15.0% | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bank | 14.5% | 8.0% | 10.0% | |||||||||
| Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 10.9% | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bank | 13.4% | 6.0% | 8.0% | |||||||||
| Common Equity Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 10.9% | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bank | 13.4% | 4.5% | 6.5% | |||||||||
| Tier I Capital to Average Assets | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated | 7.6% | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bank | 9.3% | 4.0% | 5.0% | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2023 the Bank’s Tier 1 Leverage Ratio stood at 9.4% while the Corporation’s Tier 1 Leverage Ratio was 7.7%. Tier 1 Capital levels at the Corporation level were not impacted by the subordinated debt issue since subordinated debt only qualifies as Tier 2 Capital at the corporate level. As such, in terms of the Corporation’s regulatory capital ratios, only the Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets ratio was enhanced as a result of the $40 million subordinated debt issue. Most of the marked improvement in capital ratios occurred at the Bank level.
Since the Corporation elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income in calculating regulatory capital, the significant devaluation of the investment portfolio that resulted in a higher level of unrealized losses, has not affected the regulatory capital. However, the changes in investment unrealized gains and losses do impact tangible capital on the balance sheet on an ongoing basis and was adversely impacted by the dramatic increase in market interest rates during 2022 and 2023.
44
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Contractual Cash Obligations
The Corporation has a number of contractual obligations that arise from the normal course of business. The following table summarizes the contractual cash obligations of the Corporation as of December 31, 2023, and shows the future periods in which settlement of the obligations is expected. The contractual obligation numbers below do not include accrued interest. Refer to Note O to the Consolidated Financial Statements referenced in the table for additional details regarding these obligations.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Less than | 1-3 | 4-5 | More than | |||||||||||||||||
| 1 year | years | years | 5 years | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits (Note F) | 249,641 | 59,959 | 24,100 | — | 333,700 | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings (Notes G and H) | 17,406 | 63,982 | 59,396 | — | 140,784 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating Leases (Note Q) | 457 | 585 | 461 | 1,278 | 2,781 | |||||||||||||||
| Total contractual obligations | 267,504 | 124,526 | 83,957 | 1,278 | 477,265 | |||||||||||||||
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, the Corporation typically has off-balance sheet arrangements related to loan funding commitments. These arrangements may impact the Corporation’s financial condition and liquidity if they were to be exercised within a short period of time. As discussed in the liquidity section to follow, the Corporation has in place sufficient liquidity alternatives to meet these obligations. The following table presents information on the commitments by the Corporation as of December 31, 2023. For further details regarding off-balance sheet arrangements, refer to Note O to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||
| 2023 | ||||
| $ | ||||
| Commitments to extend credit: | ||||
| Revolving home equity loans | 218,462 | |||
| Construction loans | 33,789 | |||
| Real estate loans | 107,563 | |||
| Business loans | 229,137 | |||
| Consumer loans | 1,451 | |||
| Other | 5,767 | |||
| Standby letters of credit | 18,339 | |||
| Total | 614,508 | |||
45
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Critical Accounting Policies
The presentation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect many of the reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Allowance for Credit Losses
A material estimate that is particularly susceptible to significant change is the determination of the allowance for credit losses. Management believes that the allowance for credit losses is adequate and reasonable. The Corporation’s methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses is described in an earlier section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Given the very subjective nature of identifying and valuing credit losses, it is likely that well-informed individuals could make materially different assumptions and, therefore, calculate a materially different allowance amount. Management uses available information to recognize losses on loans; however, changes in economic conditions may necessitate revisions. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Corporation’s allowance for credit losses. Such agencies may require the Corporation to recognize adjustments to the allowance based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examination.
Sensitivity Analysis
The below table indicates the impact to the allowance for credit losses on loans if the factors described below were adjusted in the Corporation’s CECL model as of December 31, 2023.
| Increase/(Decrease) ($) | Adjustment Factor | |||
| Economic Forecast | (2,381) | If S1 forecasts were used instead of weighted upside/downside/baseline scenarios | ||
| Economic Forecast | (476) | If Baseline forecasts were used instead of weighted upside/downside/baseline scenarios | ||
| Economic Forecast | 944 | If 40/30/30 weighted scenarios were used for baseline/S1/S3 | ||
| Economic Forecast | 6,163 | If S3 forecasts were used instead of weighted upside/downside/baseline scenarios |
46
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
As a financial institution, the Corporation is subject to four primary market risks: Credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, and fair value risk. The Board of Directors has established an Asset Liability Management Committee (ALCO) to measure, monitor, and manage these four primary market risks. The Asset Liability Policy has instituted guidelines for all of these primary risks, as well as other financial performance measurements with target ranges. The Asset Liability goals and guidelines are consistent with the Corporation’s Strategic Plan goals.
For discussion on credit risk, refer to the sections on non-performing assets, allowance for credit losses, Note C, and Note P to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Liquidity
Liquidity refers to having an adequate supply of cash available to meet business needs. Financial institutions must ensure that there is adequate liquidity to meet a variety of funding needs, at an advantageous cost. Funding new loans and covering deposit withdrawals are the primary liquidity needs of the Corporation. The Corporation uses a variety of funding sources to meet liquidity needs, such as: Deposits, loan repayments, paydowns, maturities, and sales of investment securities, borrowings, and current earnings.
One of the measurements used in liquidity planning is the Maturity Gap Analysis. The Maturity Gap Analysis below measures the amount of assets maturing within various time frames versus liabilities maturing in those same periods. These time frames are referred to as gaps and are reported on a cumulative basis. For instance, the one-year gap shows all assets maturing one year or less from a specific date versus the total liabilities maturing in the same time period. The gap is then expressed as a percentage of assets over liabilities. Mismatches between assets and liabilities maturing are identified and assist management in determining potential liquidity issues.
The maturity gap analysis does not include non-interest earning assets and non-interest bearing liabilities, with the exception of non-interest bearing demand deposit accounts. The non-interest bearing demand deposits are considered additional deposit liabilities with no associated interest expense, which acts to lower the overall interest rate paid on total deposits.
Gap ratios have been relatively stable for the Corporation throughout 2023. The Corporation’s assets are fairly long, with relatively low levels of cash and cash equivalents. Meanwhile the Corporation’s core deposit liabilities continue to model as long liabilities, with the complement of shorter term time deposits increasing significantly during 2023.
The size and length of the Corporation’s core deposit liabilities provide the most extension in terms of lengthening the liabilities on the balance sheet. The length of the core deposits is significantly longer than the Corporation’s longest term deposits and wholesale borrowings. As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation had higher cash levels than at December 31, 2022. In a rising rate environment, having more assets maturing than liabilities is beneficial because those assets can be reinvested at higher yields.
The table below shows the six-month, one-year, three-year, and five-year cumulative gaps as of December 31, 2023, for the Bank, along with the cumulative maturity gap guidelines monitored by management. For the purposes of this analysis, core deposits without a specific maturity date are spread across all time periods based on historical behavior.
MATURITY GAP ANALYSIS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| More than | More than | More than | ||||||||||||||||||
| Less than | 6 months | 1 year | 3 years | More than | ||||||||||||||||
| Maturity Gap | 6 months | to 1 year | to 3 years | to 5 years | 5 years | |||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Assets maturing | 202,480 | 128,935 | 419,308 | 372,718 | 847,570 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities maturing | 432,901 | 111,375 | 141,676 | 213,848 | 843,793 | |||||||||||||||
| Maturity gap | (230,421 | ) | 17,560 | 277,632 | 158,870 | 3,777 | ||||||||||||||
| Cumulative maturity gap | (230,421 | ) | (212,861 | ) | 64,771 | 223,641 | 227,418 | |||||||||||||
| Maturity gap % | 46.8% | 115.8% | 296.0% | 174.3% | 100.4% | |||||||||||||||
| Cumulative maturity gap % | 46.8% | 60.9% | 109.4% | 124.9% | 113.0% | |||||||||||||||
47
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
As of December 31, 2023, cumulative maturity gap ratios were on the low side for up to a year indicating that there are more liabilities maturing in the short time frames than assets. For the six-month time frame, the gap ratio was 46.8% and for the one-year cumulative gap, the ratio was 60.9%. For one year to three years, the cumulative gap was 109.4%, representing a higher level of asset maturities versus liabilities. For the three to five-year time frame, the cumulative gap was 124.9%, and for the over five-year time frame, the cumulative gap was 113.0%. In a rising rate environment, higher gap ratios are beneficial as assets can reprice to the higher rates; however, lower gap ratios are harmful in a rising rate environment as liabilities would potentially be repricing to higher rates faster than assets. Management anticipates higher deposit and borrowings costs with limited savings on the liability side later in 2024 should the Fed start to move rates down. Higher liability costs will result primarily from deposits continuing to reprice to higher rates and shifting from lower cost accounts to higher cost accounts. Management will continue to monitor all gap ratios to ensure proper positioning for future interest rate cycles.
It is likely that with some competition pricing and talk of a recession in 2024, customer behavior patterns would change and deposits would become more rate sensitive with a greater portion potentially leaving the Corporation. These maturity gaps are closely monitored along with additional liquidity measurements discussed below. Management believes the probability of future Federal Reserve rate decreases is high in the latter part of 2024, driven by economic factors.
In addition to the cumulative maturity gap analysis discussed above, management utilizes a number of other important liquidity measurements that management believes have advantages over, and give better clarity to, the Corporation’s present and projected liquidity. These measurements are evaluated quarterly through the ALCO process. There are a number of key ratios measured that involve liquidity, non-core funding sources, and contingency funding with each ratio assigned a risk level of low, moderate, or high.
As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation was within guidelines for all of the above measurements except for two that fell in the moderate range: long term assets to total assets and tangible equity to total assets. The long term assets to total assets is slightly elevated due to holding more mortgages on the balance sheet as well as a large amount of longer municipal securities in the investment portfolio. The tangible equity to total assets ratio is lower due to the unrealized losses experienced on the investment portfolio due to the rapid increase in interest rates in 2022 and 2023.
The Corporation’s liquidity measurements are tracked and reported quarterly by management to both observe trends and ensure the measurements stay within desired ranges. Management is confident that a sufficient amount of internal and external liquidity exists to provide for significant unanticipated liquidity needs.
Interest Rate Risk and Fair Value Risk
Identifying the interest rate risk of the Corporation’s interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities is essential to managing net interest margin and net interest income. In addition to the impact on earnings, management is also concerned about how much the value of the Corporation’s assets might fall or rise given an increasing or decreasing interest rate environment. Interest rate sensitivity analysis (IRSA) measures the impact of a change in interest rates on the net interest income and net interest margin of the Corporation, while net portfolio value (NPV) analysis measures the change in the Corporation’s capital fair value, given interest rate fluctuations. Therefore, the two primary approaches to measuring the impact of interest rate changes on the Corporation’s earnings and fair value are referred to as:
| ● | Changes in net interest income |
| ● | Changes in net portfolio value |
The Corporation’s asset liability model is able to perform dynamic forecasting based on a wide range of assumptions provided. The model is flexible and can be used for many types of financial projections. The Corporation uses financial modeling to forecast balance sheet growth and earnings. The results obtained through the use of forecasting models are based on a variety of factors. Both earnings and balance sheet forecasts make use of maturity and repricing schedules to determine the changes to the Corporation’s balance sheet over the course of time. Additionally, there are many assumptions that factor into the results. These assumptions include, but are not limited to:
| ● | Projected interest rates |
48
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
| ● | Timing of interest rate changes |
| ● | Slope of the U.S. Treasury curve |
| ● | Spreads available on securities over the U.S. Treasury curve |
| ● | Prepayment speeds on loans held and mortgage-backed securities |
| ● | Anticipated calls on securities with call options |
| ● | Deposit and loan balance fluctuations |
| ● | Competitive pressures affecting loan and deposit rates |
| ● | Economic conditions |
| ● | Consumer reaction to interest rate changes |
For the interest rate sensitivity analysis and net portfolio value analysis shown below, results are based on a static balance sheet reflecting no projected growth from balances as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. While it is unlikely that the balance sheet will not grow at all, management considers a static analysis of this sort to be the most conservative and most accurate means to evaluate fair value and future interest rate risk. The static balance sheet approach is used to reduce the number of variables in calculating the model’s accuracy in predicting future net interest income. It is appropriate to pull out various balance sheet growth scenarios, which could be utilized to compensate for a declining margin. By testing the model using a base model assuming no growth, this variable is eliminated and management can focus on predicted net interest income based on the current existing balance sheet.
As a result of the many assumptions, this information should not be relied upon to predict future results. Additionally, both of the analyses shown below do not consider any action that management could take to minimize or offset the negative effect of changes in interest rates. These tools are used to assist management in identifying possible areas of risk in order to address them before a greater risk is posed.
Changes in Net Interest Income
The changes in net interest income reflect how much the Corporation’s net interest income would be expected to increase or decrease given a change in market interest rates. The changes in net interest income shown are measured over a one-year time horizon and assume an immediate rate change on the rate sensitive assets and liabilities. This is considered the more important measure of interest rate sensitivity due to the immediate effect that rate changes may have on the overall performance of the Corporation. The following table takes into consideration when financial instruments would most likely reprice and the duration of the pricing change. It is important to emphasize that the information shown in the table is an estimate based on hypothetical changes in market interest rates.
| CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Policy | ||||||||||
| Percentage | Percentage | Guidelines | ||||||||||
| Change | Change | % | ||||||||||
| 300 basis point rise | (7.0 | ) | (6.8 | ) | (20.00 | ) | ||||||
| 200 basis point rise | (3.8 | ) | (4.1 | ) | (16.00 | ) | ||||||
| 100 basis point rise | (1.6 | ) | (1.6 | ) | (12.00 | ) | ||||||
| Base rate scenario | — | — | — | |||||||||
| 100 basis point decline | (3.2 | ) | 0.4 | (12.00 | ) | |||||||
| 200 basis point decline | (3.0 | ) | (2.6 | ) | (16.00 | ) | ||||||
| 300 basis point decline | (3.3 | ) | — | (20.00 | ) | |||||||
This table shows the effect of an immediate interest rate shock over a one-year period on the Corporation's net interest income.
Base rate is the Prime rate.
As of December 31, 2023, the above analysis shows a negative impact to the Corporation’s net interest income in all rate scenarios. In the past two years, the Federal funds rate has increased rapidly. The Corporation is now experiencing a rising cost of funds on the liability side in pricing its deposits. Once deposit pricing has stabilized, net interest income would increase with the repricing of variable rate loans and securities moving immediately as Prime moves. The pressure on the cost of funds side is currently resulting in the Corporation being liability sensitive in the short-term, but asset sensitive in the long-term. The analysis above focuses on immediate rate movements, referred to as rate shocks, and measured over the course of one year.
49
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
In all rates-up scenarios, modeled net interest income compared very similar to the results as of December 31, 2022. When rates do go up, most assets with the ability to reprice off a key benchmark rate will generally reprice by the full amount of the Federal Reserve’s rate movement. In the current environment, deposit rate changes have been more significant and happening faster than in years prior to 2022 when market rates were not moving. This has resulted in the pressure on net interest income shown above. In past years, financial institutions have benefited from a larger level of deposit balances as a result of the historically long and very low interest rate cycle. The analysis above assumes no growth of the Corporation’s balance sheet and no change in the mix of earning assets.
The assumptions and analysis of interest rate risk are based on historical experience during varied economic cycles. Management believes these assumptions to be appropriate; however, actual results could vary significantly. Management uses this analysis to identify trends in interest rate sensitivity and determine if action is necessary to mitigate asset liability risk.
Changes in Net Portfolio Value (NPV)
The change in NPV gives a long-term view of the exposure to changes in interest rates. The NPV is calculated by discounting the future cash flows to the present value based on current market rates. The NPV is the mathematical equivalent of the present value of assets minus the present value of liabilities.
The table below indicates the changes in the Corporation’s NPV as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. As part of the Asset Liability Policy, the Board of Directors has established risk measurement guidelines to protect the Corporation against decreases in the NPV and net interest income in the event of the interest rate changes described below.
As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation was within guidelines for all up-rate scenarios but was outside of guidelines for the down-300 basis point rate scenario. The positive impact of higher rates on both loans and securities was down from December 31, 2022. On the liability side of the Corporation’s balance sheet, the value of non-interest bearing deposit accounts only becomes more and more valuable as interest rates rise, which is reflected in NPV as a decrease in liabilities. These deposits have always been highly favorable in a rising rate environment as these balances are more valuable to the Corporation, representing a decrease in liabilities as interest rates rise. However, with higher rates on interest bearing checking, NOW, and money market accounts, the benefit of these deposits in a rising rate environment has declined. As interest rates increase, the discount rate used to value the Corporation’s interest bearing accounts increases, causing a lower net present value. This improves the modeling of the Corporation’s fair value risk as the liability amounts decrease, causing the net present value or fair value of the Corporation’s balance sheet to increase. This was especially apparent throughout 2022 when rates were extremely low and the Corporatin’s deposits grew at a very fast pace. In 2023, deposit growth was slower and deposit pricing increased resulting in a decline in the benefit in the rising rate scenarios. The much higher complement of long modeling deposits caused the changes in net portfolio value to be more exaggerated in both the up and down-rate scnenarios as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
CHANGES IN NET PORTFOLIO VALUE
| 2023 | 2022 | Policy | ||||||||||
| Percentage | Percentage | Guidelines | ||||||||||
| Change | Change | % | ||||||||||
| 300 basis point rise | 5.0 | 11.0 | (30.00 | ) | ||||||||
| 200 basis point rise | 6.0 | 10.0 | (25.00 | ) | ||||||||
| 100 basis point rise | 5.0 | 7.0 | (20.00 | ) | ||||||||
| Base rate scenario | — | — | — | |||||||||
| 100 basis point decline | (9.0 | ) | (11.0 | ) | (20.00 | ) | ||||||
| 200 basis point decline | (24.0 | ) | (29.0 | ) | (25.00 | ) | ||||||
| 300 basis point decline | (46.0 | ) | (30.00 | ) | ||||||||
This table shows the effect of an immediate interest rate shock on the net portfolio value of the Corporation's assets and liabilities. Base rate is the Prime rate.
50
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The results as of December 31, 2023, indicate that the Corporation’s net portfolio value would experience valuation
gains in all up-rate scenarios with a gain of 5.0% in the rates-up 300 basis point scenario, and gains of 6.0% and 5.0%, in the rates-up 200 and 100 basis point scenarios, respectively. A valuation gain indicates that the value of the Corporation’s assets is declining at a slower pace than the decrease in the value of the Corporation’s liabilities. Even though the Corporation has some longer-term assets such as residential mortgages and municipal securities which show declines in value as interest rates increase further, the large balances of core deposits more than offsets this fair value exposure of the longer-term assets.
The changes in net portfolio value do show exposure in the down-rate scenarios with the 300 rate scenario that is outside of policy guidelines. A valuation loss indicates that the value of the Corporation’s assets is declining at a faster pace than the decrease in the value of the Corporation’s liabilities. Even outside of the interest rate environment, the Corporation’s exposure to valuation changes could change going forward if the mix of the Corporation’s deposits change, which would impact the average life of those deposits.
51
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The following audited consolidated financial statements are set forth in this Annual Report of Form 10-K on the following pages:
| Index to Consolidated Financial Statements | Page |
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID | 53 |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 56 |
| Consolidated Statements of Income | 57 |
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 58 |
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity | 59 |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 60 |
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 61 |
52
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of ENB Financial Corp
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ENB Financial Corp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022; the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended; and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note A to the financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for credit losses effective January 1, 2023, due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent, with respect to the Company, in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
53
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Basis for Opinion (Continued)
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the Audit Committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements; and (2) involve our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter, in any way, our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL)
Description of the Matter
The Company’s loan portfolio totaled $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2023, and the associated ACL was $15.2 million. As discussed in Note A and C to the consolidated financial statements, estimating an appropriate allowance for credit losses requires management to make certain assumptions about expected losses on loans in the loan portfolio over their remaining contractual life as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis, at the balance sheet date. The measurement of expected credit losses on collectively evaluated loans is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the amortized cost basis. Management applies qualitative adjustments to reflect the inherent losses that exist in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date that are not reflected in the historical loss experience. Qualitative adjustments are made based upon changes in lending policies and procedures, terms and volume of the loan portfolio, experience, ability, and depth of management, volume and severity of problem credits, quality and oversight of the credit review system, changes in the underlying value of collateral, concentrations of credit, and external factors.
We identified these qualitative adjustments within the ACL as critical audit matters because they involve a high degree of subjectivity. While the determination of these qualitative adjustments includes analysis of observable data over the historical loss period, the judgments required to assess the directionality and magnitude of adjustments is highly subjective. Auditing these complex judgments and assumptions involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature of audit evidence and the nature and extent of effort required to address these matters.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
| ● | Testing the design, implementation, and operating effectiveness of internal controls over the calculation of the allowance for credit losses, including the qualitative factor adjustments. |
54
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) – Qualitative Factors (Continued)
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit (Continued)
| ● | Testing the completeness and accuracy of the data inputs used by management as a basis for the qualitative factors by agreeing them to internal and external data sources. |
| ● | Testing management’s process and evaluating the reasonableness of their inputs and assumptions by evaluating the reasonableness of the qualitative factor adjustments, including the magnitude and directional consistency of the adjustments. |
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2005.
March 22, 2024
55
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | ||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | ||||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||
| Securities available for sale (at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses of $ | ||||||||
| Equity securities (at fair value) | ||||||||
| Loans held for sale | ||||||||
| Loans (net of unearned income) | ||||||||
| Less: Allowance for credit losses | ||||||||
| Net loans | ||||||||
| Premises and equipment | ||||||||
| Regulatory stock | ||||||||
| Bank owned life insurance | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | ||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Deposits: | ||||||||
| Noninterest-bearing | ||||||||
| Interest-bearing | ||||||||
| Total deposits | ||||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||
| Subordinated debt | ||||||||
| Other liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||
| Common stock, par value $ | ||||||||
| Shares: Authorized | ||||||||
| Issued | ||||||||
| Capital surplus | ||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: Treasury stock cost on | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders' equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | ||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
56
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Interest and dividend income: | ||||||||
| Interest and fees on loans | ||||||||
| Interest on securities available for sale | ||||||||
| Taxable | ||||||||
| Tax-exempt | ||||||||
| Interest on deposits at other banks | ||||||||
| Dividend income | ||||||||
| Total interest and dividend income | ||||||||
| Interest expense: | ||||||||
| Interest on deposits | ||||||||
| Interest on borrowings | ||||||||
| Total interest expense | ||||||||
| Net interest income | ||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | ||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for credit losses | ||||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||
| Trust and investment services income | ||||||||
| Service fees | ||||||||
| Commissions | ||||||||
| (Losses) gains on sale of debt securities, net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Losses on equity securities, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Gains on sale of mortgages | ||||||||
| Earnings on bank-owned life insurance | ||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||
| Total other income | ||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | ||||||||
| Occupancy | ||||||||
| Equipment | ||||||||
| Advertising & marketing | ||||||||
| Computer software & data processing | ||||||||
| Shares tax | ||||||||
| Professional services | ||||||||
| Other expense | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Income before income taxes | ||||||||
| Provision for federal income taxes | ||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||
| Cash dividends paid per share | ||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
57
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Net income | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | ||||||||
| Net change in unrealized gains (losses): | ||||||||
| Securities available for sale not other-than-temporarily impaired: | ||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income tax effect | ( | ) | ||||||
| ( | ) | |||||||
| Losses (gains) recognized in earnings | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income tax effect | ( | ) | ||||||
| ( | ) | |||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | ( | ) | ||||||
| Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ( | ) | ||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
58
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common | Capital | Retained | Comprehensive | Treasury | Stockholders' | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock | Surplus | Earnings | Income (Loss) | Stock | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2021 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock purchased - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock issued - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends paid, $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2022 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-13 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock purchased - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock issued - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends paid, $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2023 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
59
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net amortization of securities premiums and discounts and loan fees | ||||||||
| Increase in interest receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Increase in interest payable | ||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | ||||||||
| Loss (gain) on sale of debt securities, net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on equity securities, net | ||||||||
| Gain on sale of mortgages | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loans originated for sale | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from sales of loans | ||||||||
| Earnings on bank-owned life insurance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Depreciation of premises and equipment and amortization of software | ||||||||
| Deferred income tax | ( | ) | ||||||
| Amortization of deferred fees on subordinated debt | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||
| Other assets and other liabilities, net | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Securities avaiable for sale: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities, calls, and repayments | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sales | ||||||||
| Purchases | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Equity securities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sales | ||||||||
| Purchases | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Purchase of regulatory bank stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Redemptions of regulatory bank stock | ||||||||
| Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance | ||||||||
| Net increase in loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Purchases of premises and equipment, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Purchase of computer software | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used for investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in demand, NOW, and savings accounts | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net increase in time deposits | ||||||||
| Proceeds from short-term debt | ||||||||
| Repayments of short-term debt | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from long-term debt | ||||||||
| Repayments of long-term debt | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt | ||||||||
| Dividends paid | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from sale of treasury stock | ||||||||
| Treasury stock purchased | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | ||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Interest paid | ||||||||
| Income taxes paid | ||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
| — | — | |||||||
| Fair value adjustments for securities available for sale | ( | ) | ||||||
| Recognition of lease operating right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Recognition of operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Death benefits receivable on BOLI | ||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
60
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE A - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
ENB Financial Corp, (“the Corporation”) through its wholly owned subsidiary, Ephrata National Bank, provides financial services to Northern Lancaster County and surrounding communities. ENB Financial Corp, a bank holding company, was formed on July 1, 2008, to become the parent company of Ephrata National Bank, which existed as a stand-alone national bank since its formation on April 11, 1881. The Corporation’s wholly owned subsidiary, Ephrata National Bank, offers a full array of banking services including loan and deposit products for both personal and commercial customers, as well as trust and investment services, through thirteen full-service office locations. The Bank has one subsidiary, ENB Insurance, which is a full-service insurance agency that offers a broad range of insurance products to commercial and personal clients. ENB Insurance is managed separately from the banking and related financial services that the Corporation offers.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements of ENB Financial Corp and its subsidiary, Ephrata National Bank, (collectively “the Corporation”) conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The preparation of these statements requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Material estimates of the Corporation, including the allowance for credit losses, are evaluated regularly by management. Actual results could differ from the reported estimates given different conditions or assumptions. Certain items previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s reporting format. Such reclassifications did not affect net income or stockholders’ equity.
The accounting and reporting policies followed by the Corporation conform with U.S. GAAP and to general practices within the banking industry. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The following is a summary of the more significant policies.
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" and subsequent related updates. This ASU replaces the incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses and requires businesses and other organizations to measure the current expected credit losses (CECL) on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans and held-to-maturity securities, net investments in leases, off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments, and other financial instruments. In addition, ASC 326 requires credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down when management does not intend to sell or believes that it is not more likely than not they will be required to sell. This guidance became effective on January 1, 2023 for the Corporation. The results reported for periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable accounting standards.
The Corporation adopted this guidance, and subsequent
related updates, using the modified retrospective approach for all financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans, available-for-sale
debt securities and unfunded commitments. On January 1, 2023, the Corporation recorded a cumulative effect decrease to retained earnings
of $
The Corporation has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the measurement of its allowance for credit losses (ACL). When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any outstanding accrued interest is reversed against interest income.
The Corporation adopted the provisions of ASC 326 related to presenting other-than-temporary impairment on available-for-sale debt securities prior to January 1, 2023, using the prospective transition approach, though no such charges had been recorded on the securities held by the Corporation as of the date of adoption.
In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Corporation made changes to the loan portfolio segments to align with the methodology applied in determining the allowance under CECL. Refer to Note C Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses for further discussion of these portfolio segments.
61
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The new segmentation consists of: Agriculture, Business Loans, Consumer Loans, Home Equity, Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate, and Residential Real Estate.
| January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Pre-adoption | Adoption Impact | As Reported | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||
| ACL on debt securities available for sale | ||||||||||||
| ACL on loans | ||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Consumer Real Estate | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Commercial and Industrial | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Consumer | ||||||||||||
| Agriculture | ||||||||||||
| Business Loans | ||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | ||||||||||||
| Residential Real Estate | ||||||||||||
| Unallocated | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||
| ACL for unfunded commitments | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
Concurrently, on January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures”, the effective date of the guidance, on a prospective basis. ASU 2022-02 eliminated the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructuring activities by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Specifically, rather than applying TDR recognition and measurement guidance, creditors will determine whether a modification results in a new loan or continuation of existing loan. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires an entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are identified as cash and due from banks and include cash on hand, collection items, amounts due from banks, and interest bearing deposits in other banks with maturities of less than 90 days.
Investment Securities
Management classifies its debt securities at the time of purchase as available for sale (AFS) or held to maturity (HTM). At December 31, 2023 and 2022, all debt securities were classified as AFS, meaning that the Corporation intends to hold them for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. AFS debt securities are stated at estimated fair value, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts which are recognized as adjustments of interest income through call date or maturity. The related unrealized gains and losses are reported as other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, until realized.
Allowance for Credit Losses- Available for Sale securities
The Corporation is required to conduct a credit loss evaluation on AFS securities to determine whether the Corporation has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery. If these situations apply, the guidance requires the Corporation to reduce the security's amortized cost basis down to its fair value through earnings. The Corporation also evaluates the unrealized losses on AFS securities to determine if a security's decline in fair value below its amortized cost basis is due to credit factors. The evaluation is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, performance of the
62
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
underlying collateral, if applicable, and the level of credit support in the security structure. Management also evaluates other factors and circumstances that may be indicative of a decline in the fair value of the security due to a credit factor. This includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the type of security, and extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, and near-term prospects of the issuer. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of the expected cash flows of the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. Under ASU 2016-13, if the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost, an allowance for credit losses (ACL) is recorded, which is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost. Any additional amount of loss would be due to non-credit factors and is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), net of tax. If a credit loss is recognized in earnings, subsequent improvements to the expectation of collectability will be recognized through the ACL. If the fair value of the security increases above its amortized cost, the unrealized gain will be recorded in AOCI, net of tax, on the consolidated statements of financial condition.
Equity Securities
Equity securities include common stocks of public companies and a Community Reinvestment Act-qualified mutual fund that the Corporation has the intent and ability to hold for an indeterminate amount of time. Such securities are reported at fair value with changes in unrealized holding gains and losses recognized through earnings on a monthly basis.
Other Than Temporary Impairment (“OTTI”)
The Bank adopted ASU No. 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023. Financial statement amounts related to Investment Securities recorded as of December 31, 2022 and for the periods ending December 31, 2022 are presented in accordance with the accounting policies described in the following sections. The following sections were carried forward from the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Management monitors all of the Corporation’s securities for OTTI on a monthly basis and determines whether any impairment should be recorded. A number of factors are considered in determining whether a security is impaired, including, but not limited to, the following:
| ● | Percentage of unrealized losses, |
| ● | Period of time the security has had unrealized losses, |
| ● | Type of security, |
| ● | Maturity date of the instrument if a debt instrument, |
| ● | The intent to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not that the Corporation would be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery in market value, |
| ● | Amount of projected credit losses based on current cash flow analysis, default and severity rates, and |
| ● | Market dynamics impacting the market for and liquidity of the security. |
Management will more closely evaluate those securities that have unrealized
losses of
Loans Held for Investment
Loans receivable, that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future, or until maturity or payoff, generally are reported at the outstanding principal balances, reduced by any charge-offs and net of any deferred loan origination fees or costs. Net loan origination fees and costs are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of yield over the contractual life of the loan.
Interest accrues daily on outstanding loan balances. Generally, the accrual of interest discontinues when the ability to collect the loan becomes doubtful or when a loan becomes more than 90 days past due as to principal and interest.
63
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
These loans are referred to as non-accrual loans. Management may elect to continue the accrual of interest based on the expectation of future payments and/or the sufficiency of the underlying collateral.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans originated and intended for sale on the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. In general, fixed-rate residential mortgage loans originated by the Corporation and held for sale are carried in the aggregate at the lower of cost or market. The Corporation originates loans for immediate sale with servicing retained and servicing released to several investors. However, the vast majority of the sold mortgages are sold to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (FHLB) and Fannie Mae, with servicing retained. As a result, the Corporation has a growing portfolio of mortgages that are serviced on behalf of FHLB and Fannie Mae. In addition, the Corporation originates FHA, VA, and USDA mortgages which are originated for immediate sale to various investors on a service-released basis.
Allowance for Credit Losses-Loans
The allowance for credit losses (ACL) is a valuation reserve established and maintained by charges against income and is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans, or portions thereof, are charged off against the ACL when they are deemed uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off.
The ACL is an estimate of expected credit losses, measured over the contractual life of a loan, that considers historical loss experience, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. Determination of an appropriate ACL is inherently subjective and may have significant changes from period to period.
The methodology for determining the ACL has two main components: evaluation of expected credit losses for certain groups of homogeneous loans that share similar risk characteristics and evaluation of loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans.
The ACL is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Corporation measures the ACL using the following methods. Historical credit loss experience is the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The Corporation applies historical loss rates to pools of loans with similar risk characteristics. After consideration of the historic loss calculation, management applies qualitative adjustments to reflect the current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts not already reflected in the historical loss information at the balance sheet date. Reasonable and supportable forecast adjustment is based on the unemployment forecast, BBB Rated Corporate Bond Spread, GDP Growth, Retail Sales, Asset Prices, and Management Judgement. The reasonable and supportable period is the life of the loan as credit loss models used produce reasonable estimates of losses over the life of the loan. The qualitative adjustments for current conditions are based upon changes in lending policies and procedures, loan portfolio trends, lending management experience, asset quality, loan review, underlying collateral, credit concentrations, and external factors. These modified historical loss rates are multiplied by the outstanding principal balance of each loan to calculate a required reserve.
The Corporation has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the measurement of its ACL. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any outstanding accrued interest is reversed against interest income.
The ACL for individual loans begins with the use of normal credit review procedures to identify whether a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with other pooled loans and therefore, should be individually assessed. We evaluate all commercial loans that meet the following criteria: 1) when it is determined that foreclosure is probable, 2) substandard, doubtful and nonperforming loans when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, 3) when it is determined by management that a loan does not share similar risk characteristics with other loans. Specific reserves are established based on the following three acceptable methods for measuring the ACL: 1) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate; 2) the loan’s observable market price; or 3) the fair value of the collateral when the loan is collateral dependent. Our individual loan evaluations consist primarily of the fair value of collateral method because most of our loans are collateral dependent. Collateral values are discounted to consider disposition costs when appropriate. A specific reserve is established or a charge-off is taken if the fair value of the loan is less than the loan balance.
64
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
In terms of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, Consumer loans are deemed to have the most risk and therefore carry a higher qualitative adjustment than other portfolio segments. These loans are highly dependent on their financial condition and therefore are more dependent on economic conditions. Business loans are considered to have more risk than the Agriculture, Home Equity, and Residential Real Estate loans as these loans have accounted for higher levels of charge-offs. The Corporation’s Non-Owner Occupied CRE portfolio has performed well historically with no losses in the look-back period. Overall, the Corporation has historically experienced very low levels of delinquencies, non-accrual loans, and charge-offs. Qualitative factors are set and adjusted accordingly.
Allowance for Credit Losses-Loans —Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2016-13
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, the Bank calculated our ALL using an incurred loan loss methodology. The following policy related to the ALL in prior periods.
The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered by management to be adequate to provide for known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio at the Consolidated Balance Sheets dates. The monthly provision or credit for loan losses is an expense or a reduction of expense which increases or decreases the allowance, and charge-offs, net of recoveries, decrease the allowance. The Corporation performs ongoing credit reviews of the loan portfolio and considers current economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, and other factors in determining the adequacy of the reserve balance. Loans determined to be uncollectible are charged to the allowance during the period in which such determination is made.
In calculating the allowance, management will begin by compiling the balance of loans by credit quality for each loan segment in order that allocations can be made in aggregate based on historic losses and qualitative factors. Prior to calculating these aggregate allocations, management will individually evaluate commercial and commercial real estate loans for impairment. A loan is impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all principal and interest due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. All other loan types such as residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, and all other consumer loans, are not individually evaluated for impairment and are therefore allocated for in aggregate. These loans are considered to be large groups of smaller-balance homogenous loans and are measured for impairment collectively. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays, which are defined as 90 days or less, generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all circumstances concerning the loan, the creditworthiness and payment history of the borrower, the length of the payment delay, and the amount of shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. For loans deemed to be impaired, management will provide a specific allocation. This loan balance is then subtracted from the total loan balances being allocated for in the aggregate. The remaining balances, along with the full loan balances for the other loan types are then multiplied by an adjusted loss ratio, which is the sum of both the historical loss ratio and a qualitative factor adjustment. Generally both the historical loss ratio and the qualitative factor adjustment will increase as the credit rating of the loan deteriorates. The credit ratings begin with unclassified loans, which represent the best internal credit rating, also referred to as a “pass” credit and then continue with declining grades of special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. Special mention loans are no longer deemed to be a “pass” credit and require additional management attention. They are essentially placed on “watched” status and attempts are made to improve the credit to an unclassified status. If the credit would deteriorate further it would then be a substandard credit, which for regulatory purposes, is deemed to be a classified loan. Doubtful and loss credit grades represent further credit deterioration and are also considered classified loans.
For each loan type, all of these credit rating categories are broken out with adjusted loss ratios. The loan balance is then multiplied by the adjusted loss ratio to produce the required allowance. The allowances are totaled and added to any specific allocations on impaired loans to arrive at the total allowance for credit losses for the Corporation.
Management tracks and assigns a historical loss percentage for each
loan rating category within each loan type. A rolling three-year historical loss ratio, calculated on a quarterly basis, with a
65
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Management currently utilizes nine qualitative factors that are adjusted based on changes in the lending environment and economic conditions. The qualitative factors include the following:
| ● | levels of and trends in delinquencies, non-accruals, and charge-offs, |
| ● | trends in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, |
| ● | changes in lending policies and procedures, |
| ● | experience, ability, and depth of lending personnel and management oversight, |
| ● | national and local economic trends, |
| ● | concentrations of credit, |
| ● | external factors such as competition, legal, and regulatory requirements, |
| ● | changes in the quality of loan review and Board oversight, |
| ● | changes in the value of underlying collateral. |
The number of qualitative factors can change. Factors can be added for new risks or taken away if the risk no longer applies. Each loan type will have its own risk profile and management will evaluate and adjust each qualitative factor for each loan type quarterly, if necessary. For example, if one area of the loan portfolio is experiencing sharp increases in growth, it is likely the qualitative factor for trends in the loan portfolio would be increased for that loan type. As levels of delinquencies and non-accrual loans decline for any segment of the loan portfolio it is likely that factor would be reduced.
In terms of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, the commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans are deemed to have more risk than the consumer real estate loans and other consumer loans in the portfolio. The commercial loans not secured by real estate are highly dependent on their financial condition and therefore are more dependent on economic conditions. The commercial loans secured by real estate are also dependent on economic conditions but generally have stronger forms of collateral. Commercial real estate lending is highly impacted by the value of collateral so these commercial loans carry a higher qualitative factor for changes in collateral value. While the Corporation’s CRE loans have performed well historically, other commercial loans and commercial mortgage loans have historically been responsible for the majority of the Corporation’s delinquencies, non-accrual loans, and charge-offs, so both of these categories carry higher qualitative factors than consumer real estate loans and other consumer loans. The Corporation has historically experienced very low levels of consumer real estate and consumer loan charge-offs so these qualitative factors are set lower than the commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans.
The definition of “impaired loans” is not the same as the definition of “non-accrual loans,” although the two categories overlap. Generally, a non-accrual loan will always be considered impaired due to payment delinquency or uncertain collection, but there are cases where an impaired loan is not considered non-accrual. The primary factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status and collateral value, but could also include debt service coverage, financial health of the business, and other external factors that could impact the ability of the borrower to fully repay the loan. The amount of impairment for these types of loans is determined by the difference between the present value of the expected cash flows related to the loan using the original interest rate and its recorded value or, as a practical expedient in the case of collateral-dependent loans, the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the recorded amount of the loan. When foreclosure is probable, impairment is measured based on the fair value of the collateral on a discounted basis, relative to the loan amount.
Non-Accrual Loans
Management will place a business or commercial loan on non-accrual status when it is determined that the loan is impaired, or when the loan is 90 days past due. These customers will generally be placed on non-accrual status at the end of each quarter. Consumer loans over 90 days delinquent are generally charged off, or in the case of residential real estate loans the Corporation will seek to bring the customer current or pursue foreclosure options. When the borrower is on non-accrual, the Corporation will reverse any accrued interest on the books and will discontinue recognizing any interest income until the borrower is placed back on accrual status or fully pays off the loan balance plus any accrued interest. Payments received by the customer while the loan is on non-accrual are fully applied against principal. The Corporation maintains records of the full amount of interest that is owed by the borrower. A non-accrual loan will generally only be placed back on accrual status after the borrower has become current and has demonstrated six consecutive months of non-delinquency.
66
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Allowance for Off-Balance Sheet Extensions of Credit
The Corporation maintains an allowance for off-balance sheet extensions
of credit, which would include any unadvanced amount on lines of credit and any letters of credit provided to borrowers. The allowance
is carried as a liability and is included in other liabilities on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The liability
was $
Management follows the same methodology as the allowance for credit losses when calculating the allowance for off-balance sheet extensions of credit. The unadvanced amounts for each loan segment are broken down by credit classification. A historical loss ratio and qualitative factor are calculated for each credit classification by loan type. The historical loss ratio and qualitative factor are combined to produce an adjusted loss ratio, which is multiplied by the amount at risk for each credit classification within each loan segment to arrive at an allocation. The allocations are summed to arrive at the total allowance for off-balance sheet extensions of credit.
Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
OREO represents properties acquired through customer loan defaults. These properties are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value less projected disposal costs at acquisition date. Fair value is determined by current appraisals. Costs associated with holding OREO are charged to operational expense. OREO is a component of other assets on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Corporation had no OREO as of December 31, 2023, or December 31, 2022.
Mortgage Servicing Rights (MSRs)
The Corporation has agreements for the express purpose of selling
residential mortgage loans on the secondary market, referred to as mortgage servicing rights. The Corporation maintains all
servicing rights for loans currently sold through FHLB and Fannie Mae. The Corporation had $
The following chart provides the activity of the Corporation’s mortgage servicing rights for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Beginning Balance | ||||||||
| Additions | ||||||||
| Amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Disposals | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Ending Balance | ||||||||
Premises and Equipment
Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are carried at cost,
less accumulated depreciation. Book depreciation is computed using straight-line methods over the estimated useful lives of generally
67
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Transfer of Assets
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Corporation, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Corporation does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance (BOLI)
BOLI is carried by the Corporation at the cash surrender value of the
underlying policies. Income earned on the policies is based on any increase in cash surrender value less the cost of the insurance, which
varies according to age and health of the insured. The life insurance policies owned by the Corporation had a cash surrender value of
$
Leases
The Corporation has operating leases for several branch locations and office space. Generally, the underlying lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Corporation may also lease certain office equipment under operating leases. Many of the Corporation’s leases include both lease (e.g., minimum rent payments) and non-lease components (e.g., common-area or other maintenance costs). The Corporation accounts for each component separately based on the standalone price of each component. In addition, there are several operating leases with lease terms of less than one year and therefore, we have elected the practical expedient to exclude these short-term leases from our right of use assets and lease liabilities.
Most leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at the sole discretion of management and is based on whether the extension options are reasonably certain to be exercised after giving proper consideration to all facts and circumstances of the lease. If management determines that the Corporation is reasonably certain to exercise the extension option(s), the additional term is included in the calculation of the lease liability.
As most of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Corporation uses the fully collateralized FHLB borrowing rate, commensurate with the lease terms based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments.
Advertising Costs
The Corporation expenses advertising costs as incurred.
Income Taxes
An asset and liability approach is followed for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Accordingly, a net deferred tax asset or liability is recorded in the consolidated financial statements for the tax effects of temporary differences, which are items of income and expense reported in different periods for income tax and financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax expense is determined by the change in the assets or liabilities related to deferred income taxes. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period less any unvested restricted shares. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Corporation relate solely to outstanding stock options and are determined using the treasury stock method. Treasury shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The Corporation is required to present comprehensive income (loss) in a full set of general-purpose consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of unrealized holding gains and losses on the available for sale securities portfolio.
68
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Segment Disclosure
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles establish standards for the manner in which public business enterprises report information about segments in the annual financial statements and requires that those enterprises report selected information about operating segments in interim financial reports issued to shareholders. It also establishes standards for related disclosures regarding financial products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The Corporation has only one operating segment consisting of its banking and fiduciary operations.
Retirement Plans
The Corporation provides an optional 401(k) plan, in which employees
may elect to defer pre-tax salary dollars, subject to the maximum annual Internal Revenue Service contribution amounts. The Corporation
will match
As part of the 401(k) Plan, the Corporation also has a noncontributory
Profit Sharing Plan which covers substantially all employees. The Corporation provides a
Trust Assets and Income
Assets held by ENB’s Wealth Solutions Group in a fiduciary or agency capacity for customers are not included in the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheets since these items are not assets of the Corporation. Trust income is reported in the Corporation’s Consolidated Statements of Income under other income.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The Corporation records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Under Topic 606, the Corporation must identify contracts with customers, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when the Corporation satisfies a performance obligation. Significant revenue has not been recognized in the current reporting period that results from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.
The Corporation’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and dividends earned on loans, investment securities, and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Topic 606. The Corporation has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary. The Corporation generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.
Reclassification of Comparative Amounts
Certain comparative amounts for the prior year have been reclassified to conform to current-year classifications. Such reclassifications had no material effect on net income or stockholders’ equity.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. ASU 2023-02 permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. ASU 2023-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Corporation’s financial statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (TOPIC 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses on an interim and annual basis. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted.
69
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Public entities are required to adopt the changes retrospectively, recasting each prior-period disclosure for which a comparative income statement is presented in the period of adoption. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Corporation’s financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which provides for improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This guidance is effective for public business entities for annual period beginning after December 15, 2024. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Corporation’s financial statements.
NOTE B - SECURITIES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
DEBT SECURITIES
| Gross | Gross | Allowance | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | for Credit | Fair | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost | Gains | Losses | Losses | Value | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U. S. Treasuries | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency MBS/CMO | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities available for sale | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of investment securities held at December 31, 2022, are as follows:
| Gross | Gross | |||||||||||||||
| Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | Fair | |||||||||||||
| Cost | Gains | Losses | Value | |||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Decmber 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| U. S. Treasuries | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Non-agency MBS/CMO | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total securities available for sale | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to certain call or prepayment provisions.
70
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
CONTRACTUAL MATURITY OF DEBT SECURITIES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Amortized | ||||||||
| Cost | Fair Value | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Due in one year or less | ||||||||
| Due after one year through five years | ||||||||
| Due after five years through ten years | ||||||||
| Due after ten years | ||||||||
| Total debt securities | ||||||||
Securities available for sale with a par value of $
Proceeds from active sales of debt securities available for sale, along with the associated gross realized gains and gross realized losses, are shown below. Realized gains and losses are computed on the basis of specific identification.
PROCEEDS FROM SALES OF SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Securities Available for Sale | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Proceeds from sales | ||||||||
| Gross realized gains | ||||||||
| Gross realized losses | ||||||||
71
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
UNREALIZED LOSSES OF SECURITIES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Less than 12 months | More than 12 months | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Gross | Gross | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair | Unrealized | Fair | Unrealized | Fair | Unrealized | |||||||||||||||||||
| Value | Losses | Value | Losses | Value | Losses | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Agency MBS/CMO | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states & political subdivisions | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total unrealized losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Agency MBS/CMO | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states & political subdivisions | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total unrealized losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
In the debt security portfolio, there are 319 positions carrying unrealized losses as of December 31, 2023. There were no instruments with current expected credit losses at December 31, 2023.
The Corporation evaluates fixed income positions for current expected credit loss at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic and market concerns warrant such evaluation. The Corporation does not intend to sell the securities in an unrealized loss position and is unlikely to be required to sell these securities before a recovery of fair value, which may be maturity. The Corporation concluded that the decline in fair value of these securities was not indicative of a credit loss. No securities in the portfolio required an allowance for credit losses to be recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023, and no impairment was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022.
72
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
EQUITY SECURITIES
| Gross | Gross | |||||||||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | Fair | ||||||||||||
| Cost | Gains | Losses | Value | |||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| CRA-qualified mutual funds | ||||||||||||||||
| Bank stocks | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Gross | Gross | |||||||||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | Fair | ||||||||||||
| Cost | Gains | Losses | Value | |||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| CRA-qualified mutual funds | ||||||||||||||||
| Bank stocks | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
NET GAINS AND LOSSES ON EQUITY INVESTMENTS RECOGNIZED IN EARNINGS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Year Ended | Year Ended | |||||||
| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Net gains (losses) recognized in equity securities during the period | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: Net gains realized on the sale of equity securities during the period | ( | ) | ||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) recognized in equity securities held at reporting date | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
There were no proceeds from the sale of equity securities during 2023
and $
73
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE C - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
31, 2023 (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||
| 2023 | ||||
| $ | ||||
| Agriculture | ||||
| Business Loans | ||||
| Consumer | ||||
| Home Equity | ||||
| Non-Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate | ||||
| Residential Real Estate (a) | ||||
| Gross loans prior to deferred costs | ||||
| Deferred loan costs, net | ||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ( | ) | ||
| Total net loans (b) | ||||
| (a) |
| (b) |
74
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Post Adoption | ||||||||||||
| December 31, | Adoption | January, 1 | ||||||||||
| 2022 | Impact | 2023 | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Agriculture | ||||||||||||
| Business Loans | ||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | ||||||||||||
| Residential Real Estate (a) | ||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | ||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgages | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Agriculture mortgages | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Construction | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Consumer real estate (a) | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgages | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Home equity loans | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Home equity lines of credit | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total consumer real estate | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Tax-free loans | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Agriculture loans | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Consumer | ||||||||||||
| Gross loans prior to deferred fees | ||||||||||||
| Deferred loan costs, net | ||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total net loans | ||||||||||||
| (a) |
Credit Quality Indicators
The Corporation grades commercial credits differently than consumer credits. The following tables represent all of the Corporation’s commercial credit exposures by internally assigned grades as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations under the loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Corporation's internal commercial credit risk grading system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans.
The Corporation's internally assigned grades for commercial credits are as follows:
| ● | Pass – loans which are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. |
| ● | Special Mention – loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem if not corrected. |
| ● | Substandard – loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. |
| ● | Doubtful – loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances. |
| ● | Loss – loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible, or of such value that continuance as an asset is not warranted. |
75
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Revolving | Revolving | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loans Amortized Costs Basis by Origination Year | Loans | Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized | Converted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Prior | Cost Basis | to Term | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Rating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Special Mention | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substandard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Doubtful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current period gross charge-offs | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Rating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Special Mention | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substandard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Doubtful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current period gross charge-offs | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Rating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Special Mention | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substandard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Doubtful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current period gross charge-offs | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Rating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Special Mention | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substandard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Doubtful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total (a) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | Refer to Note A, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. |
76
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Commercial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | Agriculture | and | Tax-free | Agriculture | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | Mortgages | Mortgages | Construction | Industrial | Loans | Loans | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grade: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Special Mention | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substandard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Doubtful | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For consumer loans, the Corporation evaluates credit quality based on whether the loan is considered performing or non-performing. Non-performing loans consist of those loans greater than 90 days delinquent and nonaccrual loans. Management will generally charge off consumer loans more than 120 days past due for closed end loans and over 180 days for open-end consumer loans.
77
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table presents the balances of consumer loans by classes of the loan portfolio based on payment performance as of December 31, 2023 in accordance with ASC 326 (in thousands):
| Revolving | Revolving | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term Loans Amortized Costs Basis by Origination Year | Loans | Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized | Converted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Prior | Cost Basis | to Term | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment Performance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performing | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonperforming | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current period gross charge-offs | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment Performance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performing | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonperforming | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current period gross charge-offs | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment Performance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performing | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonperforming | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current period gross charge-offs | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment Performance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performing | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonperforming | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total (a) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | Refer to Note A, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. |
78
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSUMER CREDIT EXPOSURE
CREDIT RISK PROFILE BY PAYMENT PERFORMANCE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 1-4 Family | Home Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | Residential | Home Equity | Lines of | |||||||||||||||||
| Mortgages | Loans | Credit | Consumer | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Payment performance: | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Performing | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-performing | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans Receivable
| December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31-60 | 61-90 | Greater Than | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Days | Days | 90 Days | Total | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | Past Due | Past Due | Past Due | Past Due | Loans | |||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Business Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total (a) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | Refer to Note A, Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 for details of reclassification of the portfolio segments related to adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. |
79
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past-due status as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater | Receivable > | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-59 Days | 60-89 Days | than 90 | Total Past | Total Loans | 90 Days and | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Past Due | Past Due | Days | Due | Current | Receivable | Accruing | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture mortgages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity lines of credit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-free loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nonperforming Loans
over 90 days still accruing interest as of December 31, 2023, (in thousands):
| Nonaccrual | Nonaccrual | Loans Past | ||||||||||||||||||
| with no | with | Total | Due Over 90 Days | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| ACL | ACL | Nonaccrual | Still Accruing | Nonperforming | ||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Business Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total (a) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| (a) |
80
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NON-ACCRUAL LOANS BY LOAN CLASS
| 2022 | ||||
| $ | ||||
| Commercial real estate | ||||
| Commercial mortgages | ||||
| Agriculture mortgages | ||||
| Construction | ||||
| Consumer real estate | ||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgages | ||||
| Home equity loans | ||||
| Home equity lines of credit | ||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||
| Tax-free loans | ||||
| Agriculture loans | ||||
| Consumer | ||||
| Total | ||||
As of December 31, 2022, all of the Corporation’s commercial loans on nonaccrual status were also considered impaired.
| Real Estate | Other | None | Total | |||||||||||||
| Agriculture | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Business Loans | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer Loans | ||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Corporation may grant a modification to borrowers in financial distress by providing a temporary reduction in interest rate, or an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date. Loan modifications are intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral.
The Corporation identifies loans for potential restructure primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower's financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns, and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. There were no modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2023.
There were no payment defaults for loans granted modifications due to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty within twelve months of the modification date, during the year ended December 31, 2023.
As described in Note 1, the Corporation adopted
ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023, which eliminated the recognition and measurement of troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). There was one
TDR as of December 31, 2022 with a balance of $
81
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
IMPAIRED LOAN ANALYSIS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Recorded Investment | Unpaid Principal Balance | Related Allowance | Average Recorded Investment | Interest Income Recognized | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| With no related allowance recorded: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgages | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture mortgages | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-free loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total with no related allowance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| With an allowance recorded: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgages | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture mortgages | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-free loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total with a related allowance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total by loan class: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgages | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture mortgages | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-free loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture loans | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
82
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Impact of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning | adopting | Provisions | Ending | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | ASC 326 | Charge-offs | Recoveries | (Reductions) | Balance | |||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer Real Estate | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial & Industrial | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Loans | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer Loans | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Owner Occupied CRE | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unallocated | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total (a) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| (a) |
During the year ended December 31, 2023, management charged off $
The ACL is maintained at a level determined to be adequate to absorb estimated expected credit losses within the loan portfolio over the contractual life of an instrument that considers historical loss experience, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions as of the balance sheet date. The Corporation develops and documents a systematic ACL methodology based on the following portfolio segments: Agriculture, Business Loans, Consumer Loans, Home Equity, Non-Owner Occupied CRE, and Residential Real Estate. The following are key risks within each portfolio segment:
Agriculture – Loans made to individuals or operating companies within the Agricultural industry. These loans are generally secured by a first lien mortgage on agricultural land. The primary source of repayment is the income and assets of the borrower. The condition of the agriculture industry as well as the condition of the national economy is an important indicator of risk for this segment.
Business Loans —Loans made to operating companies or manufacturers for the purpose of production, operating capacity, accounts receivable, inventory or equipment financing. The primary source of repayment for these loans is cash flow from the operations of the company. The condition of the national economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the industry of the company. This segment also includes loans made to finance construction of buildings or other structures, as well as to finance the acquisition and development of raw land for various purposes. While the risk of these loans is generally confined to the construction period, if there are problems, the project may not be completed, and as such, may not provide sufficient cash flow on its own to service the debt or have sufficient value in a liquidation to cover the outstanding principal. The condition of the national economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the type of project and the experience and resources of the developer.
Consumer - Loans made to individuals that may be secured by assets other than 1-4 family residences, as well as unsecured loans. This segment includes personal loans and lines of credit that may be secured or unsecured. The primary source of repayment for these loans is the income and assets of the borrower. The condition of the national economy, in particular the unemployment rate, is an important indicator of risk for this segment. The value of the collateral, if there is any, is less likely to be a source of repayment due to less certain collateral values.
83
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Home Equity– This segment generally includes lines of credit and term loans secured by the equity in the borrower’s residence. The primary source of repayment for these facilities is the income and assets of the borrower. The condition of the national economy, in particular the unemployment rate, is an important indicator of risk for this segment. The state of the national housing market can also have a significant impact on this segment because low demand and/or declining home values can limit the ability of borrowers to sell a property and satisfy the debt.
Non-Owner Occupied CRE - Loans secured by commercial purpose real estate for various purposes such as hotels, retail, multifamily and health care. The primary sources of repayment for these loans are the operations of the individual projects and global cash flows of the debtors. The condition of the national economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the collateral type and the business prospects of the lessee.
Residential Real Estate—Loans secured by first liens on 1-4 family residential mortgages. The primary source of repayment for these loans is the income and assets of the borrower. The condition of the national economy, in particular the unemployment rate, is an important indicator of risk for this segment. The state of the national housing market can also have a significant impact on this segment because low demand and/or declining home values can limit the ability of borrowers to sell a property and satisfy the debt.
The December 31, 2023 ending balance of the allowance for credit losses
related to loans was up $
84
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS RECEIVABLE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Commercial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | Consumer | and | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | Real Estate | Industrial | Consumer | Unallocated | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Recoveries | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision (credit) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans receivable: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
During the year ended December 31, 2022, management charged off $
During the year ended December 31, 2022, net provision expense was recorded for Consumer Real Estate and Commercial and Industrial but a credit provision was recorded for Commercial Real Estate and Consumer. The provision expense was primarily related to growth in those sectors of the loan portfolio through December 31, 2022, while the credit provision was primarily related to declining qualitative factors in several areas.
85
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE D – PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Land | ||||||||
| Buildings and improvements | ||||||||
| Furniture and equipment | ||||||||
| Construction in process | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Premises and equipment | ||||||||
Depreciation expense, which is included in operating expenses, amounted
to $
NOTE E – REGULATORY STOCK
The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Pittsburgh,
which is one of 11 regional Federal Home Loan Banks. Each FHLB serves as a reserve or central bank for its members within its assigned
region. As a member, the Bank is required to purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB in an amount equal to
The FHLB repurchases excess capital stock on a quarterly basis and
pays a quarterly dividend on stock held by the Corporation. The FHLB’s quarterly dividend yield was
The Corporation also owned $
86
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE F – DEPOSITS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Non-interest bearing demand | ||||||||
| Interest-bearing demand | ||||||||
| NOW accounts | ||||||||
| Money market deposit accounts | ||||||||
| Savings accounts | ||||||||
| Time deposits under $250,000 | ||||||||
| Time deposits of $250,000 or more | ||||||||
| Total deposits | ||||||||
| 2024 | ||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| Total |
At December 31, 2023, the Bank held $
NOTE G – SHORT TERM BORROWINGS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Short-term borrowings consist of Federal funds purchased that mature one business day from the transaction date, overnight borrowings from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and FHLB advances with a term of less than one year.
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Total short-term borrowings outstanding at year end | ||||||||
| Average interest rate at year end | ||||||||
| Maximum outstanding at any month end | ||||||||
| Average amount outstanding for the year | ||||||||
| Weighted-average interest rate for the year | ||||||||
As of December 31, 2023, the Corporation had approved unsecured
Federal funds lines of $
87
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE H – OTHER BORROWED FUNDS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Borrowings
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted- | Weighted- | |||||||||||||||
| Average | Average | |||||||||||||||
| Amount | Rate | Amount | Rate | |||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| FHLB fixed rate loans | ||||||||||||||||
As a member of the FHLB of Pittsburgh, the Corporation has access to significant credit facilities. Borrowings from FHLB are secured with a blanket security agreement and the required investment in FHLB member bank stock. As part of the security agreement, the Corporation maintains unencumbered qualifying assets (principally 1-4 family residential mortgage loans) in an amount at least as much as the advances from the FHLB. Additionally, all of the Corporation’s FHLB stock is pledged to secure these advances.
The Corporation had an FHLB maximum borrowing capacity of $
Subordinated Debt
| (Dollars in thousands) | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying | Carrying | Issued | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Amount | Rate | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issued by | Ranking | $ | $ | % | $ | Date Issued | Maturity | |||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
88
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE I – CAPITAL TRANSACTIONS
On October 21, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved
a plan to repurchase, in open market and privately negotiated transactions, up to
Currently, the following three stock purchase plans are in place:
| ● | a nondiscriminatory employee stock purchase plan (ESPP), which allows employees to purchase shares at a |
| ● | a dividend reinvestment plan (DRP), and; |
| ● | a directors’ stock purchase plan (DSPP). |
The ESPP was started in 2001 and is the largest of the three plans.
There were
The Corporation entered into employment agreements with a number of
its key personnel.
| Number of | Weighted-Average | |||||||
| Restricted | Grant Date | |||||||
| Stock Units | Fair Value | |||||||
| Nonvested at December 31, 2022 | ||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||
| Vested | ||||||||
| Forfeited | ||||||||
| Nonvested at December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||
89
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE J – RETIREMENT PLANS
The Corporation has a 401(k) Savings Plan under which the Corporation
makes an employer matching contribution, a non-elective safe harbor contribution and a discretionary non-elective profit sharing contribution.
Employee contributions to the plan are subject to the maximum annual Internal Revenue Service contribution
amounts which were $
The employer non-elective safe harbor contribution is
For purposes of the 401(k) Savings Plan, covered compensation was
limited to $
NOTE K - DEFERRED COMPENSATION
Prior to 1999, directors of the Corporation had the ability to defer their directors’ fees into a directors’ deferred compensation plan. Directors electing to defer their compensation signed a contract that allowed the Corporation to take out a life insurance policy on the director designed to fund the future deferred compensation obligation, which is paid out over a ten-year period at retirement age. A contract and life insurance policy was taken out for each period of pay deferred. The amount of deferred compensation to be paid to each director was actuarially determined based on the amount of life insurance the annual directors’ fees were able to purchase. This amount varies for each director depending on age, general health, and the number of years until the director is entitled to begin receiving payments. The Corporation is the owner and beneficiary of all life insurance policies on the directors.
At the time the directors’ pay was deferred, the Corporation used the amount of the annual directors’ fees to pay the premiums on the life insurance policies. The Corporation could continue to pay premiums after the deferment period, or could allow the policies to fund annual premiums through loans against the policy’s cash surrender value. The Corporation has continued to pay the premiums on the life insurance policies and no loans exist on the policies.
The life insurance policies had an aggregate death benefit value of
$
90
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE L - INCOME TAXES
Federal income tax expense as reported differs from the amount computed
by applying the statutory Federal income tax rate to income before taxes.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX SUMMARY
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||
| Income tax at statutory rate | ||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt interest income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Non-deductible interest expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Bank-owned life insurance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||||||||||
The ability to realize the benefit of deferred tax assets is dependent upon a number of factors, including the generation of future taxable income, the ability to carry back losses to recover taxes paid in previous years, the ability to offset capital losses with capital gains, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, and certain tax planning strategies.
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles prescribe a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met.
There is currently no liability for uncertain tax positions and no known unrecognized tax benefits. The Corporation recognizes, when applicable, interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Income. With few exceptions, the Corporation is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2020.
91
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Significant components of income tax expense are as follows: | ||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Current tax expense | ||||||||
| Deferred tax expense (benefit) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||
| Components of the Corporation's net deferred tax position are as follows: | ||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | December 31, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ||||||||
| Allowance for off-balance sheet extensions of credit | ||||||||
| Net unrealized holding losses on securities available for sale | ||||||||
| Interest on non-accrual loans | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Premises and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Mortgage servicing rights | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Discount on investment securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets | ||||||||
NOTE M – REGULATORY MATTERS AND RESTRICTIONS
The Corporation and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal banking agencies. Failure to meet the minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements.
The consolidated asset limit on small bank holding companies is $
Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. The quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth below) of tier I capital to average assets, and common equity tier I capital, tier I capital, and total capital to risk-weighted assets.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Bank was categorized as “well
capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification
that management believes have changed the institution’s category.
92
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| CAPITAL LEVELS | To Be Well | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | Capitalized Under | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| For Capital | Prompt Corrective | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actual | Adequacy Purposes | Action Provision | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Equity Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier I Capital to Average Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Equity Tier I Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier I Capital to Average Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In addition to the capital guidelines, certain laws restrict the amount
of dividends paid to stockholders in any given year. The approval of the OCC shall be required if the total of all dividends declared
by the Corporation in any year shall exceed the total of its net profits for that year combined with retained net profits of the preceding
two years. Under this restriction, the Corporation could declare dividends in 2024, without the approval of the OCC, of approximately
$
NOTE N – TRANSACTIONS WITH DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
93
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| LOANS TO INSIDERS | ||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | Year Ended | Year Ended | ||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | ||||||||
| Advances | ||||||||
| Repayments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other changes | ||||||||
| Balance, end of year | ||||||||
In the Corporation’s case, other changes in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2022, represented the addition of a director.
Deposits from the insiders totaled $
NOTE O - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In the normal course of business, the Corporation makes various commitments
that are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. These are commonly referred to as off-balance sheet commitments
and include firm commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit, and open letters of credit. On December 31, 2023, firm loan commitments
totaled approximately $
Firm commitments to extend credit and unused lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on an individual basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. These commitments are supported by various types of collateral, where it is determined that collateral is required.
Open letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. Most guarantees expire within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. While various assets of the customer act as collateral for these letters of credit, real estate is the primary collateral held for these potential obligations.
NOTE P - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
The Corporation determines concentrations of credit risk by reviewing
loans by borrower, geographical area, and loan purpose. The amount of credit extended to a single borrower or group of borrowers is capped
by the legal lending limit, which is defined as
94
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Geographically, the primary lending area for the Corporation is defined as its market area, with the vast majority of the loans made in Lancaster County. The ability of debtors to honor their loan agreements is impacted by the health of the local economy. The Corporation’s immediate market area benefits from a diverse economy, which has resulted in a diverse loan portfolio. As a community bank, the largest amount of loans outstanding consists of personal mortgages, residential rental loans, and personal loans secured by real estate. Beyond personal lending, the Corporation’s business and commercial lending includes loans for agricultural, construction, specialized manufacturing, service industries, many types of small businesses, and loans to governmental units and non-profit entities.
Management evaluates concentrations of credit based on loan purpose
on a quarterly basis. The Corporation’s greatest concentration of loans by purpose is residential real estate, which comprises $
The Corporation remains focused on agricultural purpose loans, of which
the vast majority are real estate secured. Agricultural mortgages made up
To evaluate risk for the securities portfolio, the Corporation reviews
both geographical concentration and credit ratings. The largest geographical concentrations as of December 31, 2023, were obligations
of states and political subdivisions located in the states of Pennsylvania and California. Based on fair market value, the Corporation
had
The Corporation held $
By internal policy, at time of purchase, all corporate bonds must carry a credit rating of at least A3 by Moody’s or A- by S&P, and at all times corporate bonds are to be investment grade, which is defined as Baa3 for Moody’s and BBB- for S&P, or above. As of December 31, 2023, all of the Corporation’s corporate bonds carried at least one single A credit rating of A3 by Moody’s or A- by S&P. All were considered investment grade.
NOTE Q – LEASES
A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For the Corporation, Topic 842 primarily affects the accounting treatment for operating lease agreements in which the Corporation is the lessee.
All of these leases in which the Corporation is the lessee are comprised of real estate property for branches and office space with terms extending through 2042. All of the Corporation’s leases are classified as operating leases.
95
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Lease Consolidated Balance Sheets Classification | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in Thousands) | Classification | December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Lease Right-of-Use Assets | ||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of use assets | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Lease Liabilities | ||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilties | $ | $ | ||||||||
The calculated amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities in the
table above are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to determine the present value of the minimum lease
payments. The Corporation’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Corporation’s discretion. If
at lease inception, the Corporation considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Corporation will include
the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. Regarding the discount rate, Topic 842 requires the use of
the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable.
| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term | ||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | ||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||
The total rent expense for all operating leases was $
| (Dollars in Thousands) | Operating Leases | |||
| Twelve Months Ended: | ||||
| December 31, 2024 | $ | |||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||
| December 31, 2026 | ||||
| December 31, 2027 | ||||
| December 31, 2028 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total Future Minimum Lease Payments | ||||
| Amounts Representing Interests | ( | ) | ||
| Present Value of Net Future Minimum Lease Payments | $ | |||
96
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE R - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles establish a hierarchal disclosure framework associated with the level of observable pricing utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. The three broad levels defined by the hierarchy are as follows:
| Level I: | Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date. |
| Level II: | Pricing inputs are other than the quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities includes items for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently and items that are fair-valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed. |
| Level III: | Assets and liabilities that have little to no observable pricing as of the reported date. These items do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgement or estimation. |
This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available.
ASSETS REPORTED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | ||||||||||||||||
| U. S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency MBS/CMO | ||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | ||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||
| Marketable equity securities | ||||||||||||||||
| Total securities | ||||||||||||||||
On December 31, 2023, the Corporation held no securities valued using level III inputs. All of the Corporation’s debt instruments were valued using levels I and II inputs. Level I means each investment has their own quoted prices in an active market and Level II means quoted prices are available and observable but not necessarily quotes on identical securities traded in active markets on a daily basis. The Corporation’s CRA fund investments and bank stocks are fair valued utilizing level I inputs.
Financial instruments are considered level III when their values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable. In addition to these unobservable inputs, the valuation models for level III financial instruments typically also rely on a number of inputs that are readily observable either directly or indirectly. Level III financial instruments also include those for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
ASSETS REPORTED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | ||||||||||||||||
| U. S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-agency MBS/CMO | ||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities | ||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||
| Marketable equity securities | ||||||||||||||||
| Total securities | ||||||||||||||||
On December 31, 2022, the Corporation held no securities valued using level III inputs. All of the Corporation’s debt instruments were valued using levels I and II inputs. Level I means each investment has their own quoted prices in an active market and Level II means quoted prices are available and observable but not necessarily quotes on identical securities traded in active markets on a daily basis. The Corporation’s CRA fund investments and bank stocks are fair valued utilizing level I inputs because the funds have their own quoted prices in an active market.
ASSETS MEASURED ON A NONRECURRING BASIS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
| Individually analyzed Loans | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
| Impaired Loans | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||
The Corporation had a total of $
98
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION ABOUT LEVEL III FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, 2023 | ||||
| Fair Value | Valuation | Unobservable | Range | |
| Estimate | Techniques | Input | (Weighted Avg) | |
| Individually analyzed loans | ||||
| December 31, 2022 | ||||
| Fair Value | Valuation | Unobservable | Range | |
| Estimate | Techniques | Input | (Weighted Avg) | |
| Impaired loans | ||||
| (1) |
| (2) |
99
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE S - DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT REQUIRED TO BE MEASURED OR REPORTED AT FAIR VALUE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Active Markets | Significant Other | Significant | ||||||||||||||||||
| for Identical | Observable | Unobservable | ||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying | Assets | Inputs | Inputs | |||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Fair Value | (Level 1) | (Level II) | (Level III) | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Financial Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Regulatory stock | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held for sale | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans, net of allowance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage servicing assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest receivable | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank owned life insurance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing demand deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| NOW accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market deposit accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest payable | ||||||||||||||||||||
100
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT REQUIRED TO BE MEASURED OR REPORTED AT FAIR VALUE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Active Markets | Significant Other | Significant | ||||||||||||||||||
| for Identical | Observable | Unobservable | ||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying | Assets | Inputs | Inputs | |||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Fair Value | (Level 1) | (Level II) | (Level III) | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Financial Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Regulatory stock | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held for sale | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans, net of allowance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage servicing assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest receivable | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank owned life insurance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing demand deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| NOW accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market deposit accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest payable | ||||||||||||||||||||
101
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE T – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (1) (2)
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Unrealized | ||||
| Gains/(Losses) | ||||
| on Securities | ||||
| Available-for-Sale | ||||
| $ | ||||
| Balance at January 1, 2023 | ( | ) | ||
| Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | ||||
| Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||
| Period change | ||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | ( | ) | ||
| Balance at January 1, 2022 | ||||
| Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | ( | ) | ||
| Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ||
| Period change | ( | ) | ||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | ||||
| ( | ) | |||
| (1) |
| (2) |
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Amount Reclassified from | ||||||||||
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive | ||||||||||
| Income (Loss) | ||||||||||
| For the Year Ended | ||||||||||
| December 31, | Affected Line Item | |||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | in the Consolidated | ||||||||
| $ | $ | Statements of Income | ||||||||
| Securities available for sale: | ||||||||||
| Net securities (losses) gains reclassified into earnings | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Related income tax benefit (expense) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net effect on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the period | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total reclassifications for the period | ( | ) | ||||||||
(1)
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE U – CONDENSED PARENT ONLY DATA
| Condensed Balance Sheets (Parent Company Only) | ||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | December 31, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Cash | ||||||||
| Equity securities | ||||||||
| Equity in bank subsidiary | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | ||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||
| Subordinated debt | ||||||||
| Other Liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||
| Common stock | ||||||||
| Capital surplus | ||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||
| Accumulated other loss, net of tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Treasury stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders' equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | ||||||||
| Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Income | ||||||||
| Dividend income - investment securities | ||||||||
| Losses on equity securities, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Dividend income | ||||||||
| Undistributed earnings of bank subsidiary | ||||||||
| Total income | ||||||||
| Expense | ||||||||
| Subordinated debt interest expense | ||||||||
| Shareholder expenses | ||||||||
| Other expenses | ||||||||
| Total expense | ||||||||
| Benefit for income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Income | ||||||||
| Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ( | ) | ||||||
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | $ | $ | ||||||
| Net Income | ||||||||
| Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Losses on equity securities, net | ||||||||
| Net amortization of subordinated debt fees | ||||||||
| Net increase in other assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net decrease in other liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of equity securities | ||||||||
| Purchases of equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used for investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of treasury stock | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt | ||||||||
| Dividend to bank subsidiary | ( | ) | ||||||
| Treasury stock purchased | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Dividends paid | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used for financing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents: | ||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | ||||||||
104
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of the design and the operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2023, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) along with the Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023, are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to the Corporation required to be in the Corporation’s periodic filings under the Exchange Act.
(b) Changes in Internal Controls.
There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
(c) Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Corporation is responsible for the preparation, integrity, and fair presentation of the financial statements included in this annual report. The financial statements and notes included in this annual report have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles and necessarily include some amounts that are based on management's best estimates and judgments.
Management of the Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting that is designed to produce reliable financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles. The system of internal control over financial reporting as it relates to the financial statements is evaluated for effectiveness by management and tested for reliability through a program of internal audits. Actions are taken to correct potential deficiencies as they are identified. Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.
Management assessed the Corporation’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, in relation to criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting as described in "Internal Control - Integrated Framework," issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management concludes that, as of December 31, 2023, its system of internal control over financial reporting is effective and meets the criteria of the "Internal Control – Integrated Framework.”
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Corporation’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Corporation’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act exemption rules of the SEC that permit the Corporation to provide only Management’s report in this annual report.
105
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
| /s/ Jeffrey S. Stauffer | /s/ Rachel G. Bitner |
| Jeffrey S. Stauffer | Rachel G. Bitner |
| Chairman of the Board | Treasurer |
| Chief Executive Officer and President | (Principal Financial Officer) |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
Ephrata, PA
March 22, 2024
Item 9B. Other Information
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no director
or officer of the Corporation
Item 9C. Disclosures Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not Applicable
106
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Part III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item, relating to directors, executive officers, and control persons is set forth under the captions, “Election of Directors,” “Information and Qualifications of Nominees for Director and Continuing Directors,” “Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors – Audit Committee,” “Executive Officers,” “Audit Committee Report,” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports,” of the Corporation’s definitive Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on May 7, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The Corporation has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to directors, officers, and employees of the Corporation and the Bank. The Code of Ethics is attached as Exhibit 14 to this Form 10-K.
There were no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Corporation’s Board of Directors during the fourth quarter of 2023.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item, relating to executive compensation, is set forth under the captions, “Board Compensation and Plan Information,” “Executive Compensation,” “Retirement Plans,” and “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control,” in the Summary Compensation Table, Defined Contribution Profit Sharing Plan Table, and the 401(k) Savings Plan – Match Data Table of the Corporation’s definitive Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on May 7, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item, related to beneficial ownership of the Corporation’s common stock, is set forth under the caption, “Share Ownership” of the Corporation’s definitive Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 7, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item related to transactions with management and others, certain business relationships, and indebtedness of management, is set forth under the caption, “Transactions with Related Persons,” and “Governance of the Company” of the Corporation’s definitive Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 7, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item related to fees and the audit committees’ pre-approved policies are set forth under the captions, “Audit Committee Report” and “Proposal No. 2: To Ratify the Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” of the Corporation’s definitive Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 7, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference.
107
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Part IV
| Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules |
| (a) | 1. | Financial Statements. |
The following financial statements are included by reference in Part II, Item 8 hereof:
| ● | Report of Independent Registered Accounting Firm |
| ● | Consolidated Balance Sheets |
| ● | Consolidated Statements of Income |
| ● | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |
| ● | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity |
| ● | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
| ● | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
| 2. | The financial statement schedules required by this Item are omitted because the information is either inapplicable, not required, or is shown in the respective consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto. |
| 3. | The Exhibits filed herewith or incorporated by reference as a part of this Annual Report, are set forth in (b), below. |
| (b) | EXHIBITS |
108
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
| (c) | NOT APPLICABLE. |
| Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary |
None
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| ENB FINANCIAL CORP | ||
| By: | /s/ Jeffrey S. Stauffer | |
| Jeffrey S. Stauffer, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| /s/ Jeffrey S. Stauffer | Chairman of the Board, | March 22, 2024 |
| (Jeffrey S. Stauffer) | Chief Executive Officer and President | |
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| /s/ Rachel G. Bitner | Treasurer | March 22, 2024 |
| (Rachel G. Bitner) | (Principal Financial Officer) | |
| /s/ Joshua E. Hoffman | Director | March 22, 2024 |
| (Joshua E. Hoffman) | ||
| /s/ Willis R. Lefever | Director | March 22, 2024 |
| (Willis R. Lefever) | ||
| /s/ Jay S. Martin | Director | March 22, 2024 |
| (Jay S. Martin) | ||
| /s/ Susan Young Nicholas, Esq. | Director | March 22, 2024 |
| (Susan Young Nicholas) | ||
| /s/ Dr. Brian K. Reed | Director | March 22, 2024 |
| (Dr. Brian K. Reed) |
109
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
| /s/ J. Daniel Stoltzfus | Director | March 22, 2024 |
| (J. Daniel Stoltzfus) | ||
| /s/ Mark C. Wagner | Director | March 22, 2024 |
| (Mark C. Wagner) | ||
| /s/ Judith A. Weaver | Director | March 22, 2024 |
| (Judith A. Weaver) | ||
| /s/ Roger L. Zimmerman | Director | March 22, 2024 |
| (Roger L. Zimmerman) |
110