Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to the Springer Nature H1 2026 Results Call. I'm Tom Waldron, Head of Investor Relations. Today's presentation will have the following structure. Frank will start with a business update, followed by Alexandra with a review of our H1 2026 financials, before we move to Q&A. Before handing over, let me briefly remind you, for revenues and adjusted operating profit, we present currency rates and portfolio composition, and underlying growth rates, which exclude currency and portfolio effects, to ensure for a like-for-like comparison. Our financial guidance for 2026 is based on the expected underlying performance of the business, excluding FX and portfolio changes. When growth rates are mentioned in this presentation, they are underlying unless otherwise specified. With that, I will now...
Yeah, thank you, Tom, and a warm welcome from my side. Let's start with the highlights. Our results show continued good progress, with revenue growing by 6% in underlying terms and ALP increasing by 8%. Our research segment continues to be the main growth driver with strong performance across our journal portfolios. Growth was again driven by our leadership in Open Access and our investments. We've delivered another strong cash flow performance with leverage well within our target range even after paying out 2025.83 cents dividend in June. Given this strong first half performance and the visibility we have into the remainder of the year, we have updated our guidance. And we now expect 26 underlying growth of around 6% of the margin to improve at least 30 basis points in underlying terms. As a reminder, Springer Nature operates in three attractive markets where we hold strong positions. The surge remains by far our largest segment. And in H1 2026, it represented almost 80% of group revenue and more than 90 percent of adjusted operating profit this reflects the scale quality and resilience of our research portfolio the second largest publisher of academic journals by some distance we have the largest share of the top 50 journals by impact factor and we're the world's largest publisher of academic books around 60 of the revenue we generated research is contracted in agreements which typically have a three to five-year duration. Before turning to a business update, I'd like to share some recent examples of research from across our journals. Together, these studies showcase the breadth of the research ecosystem we support. They also show the impact that high-quality, trusted research can have across disciplines and society first researchers at sony ai published a paper on their robotic system like most research this paper was the result of several years of work by the research team and if you follow my linkedin profile you may know that i was able to have a go at playing ace during a visit to sony's computer science laboratories in japan last year and just for For clarity, I wouldn't call myself an elite table tennis player, so I think Ace had an easy go there. I managed, however, to win a couple of points. I guess the robot needed a little bit of oiling there, but it was a pretty one-sided match. It was a powerful reminder of the pace of progress and the way in which AI and robotics is shaping science. Second, researchers published findings in BMC microbiome showing the remains of Ötzi, the Iceman, still harbor living ancient microbes dating back thousands of years, including ancient yeast. The research generated quite a lot of press coverage, particularly when it also revealed that they had cultivated that 5,000-year-old yeast and used it to bake a loaf of bread. No mention of how it tasted. And thirdly, from scientific reports, a paper showing that shrinking sea ice in Svalbard has unexpectedly improved the health of polar bears, although the researchers caution that this benefit may only be temporary. More than 80% of the research that we publish contains original, primary research insights of the kinds you see in these papers. That verified, trusted knowledge plays a vital role in advancing human progress. Let's now move on to the performance of our different segments in the first half, starting with research. The increase, while adjusted operating profit, grew by 8%. The 2026 renewal season is complete, as mentioned that. The portfolio was broad-based across our full open access, Nature, and Springer portfolios. And our article publication growth of 13% continued to outpace the market, which we estimate grew at around 8%. percent submission growth at 30 percent has continued at similar levels seen last year with good growth seen across the portfolio and we continue to drive open access adoption we saw 19 new transformative agreements bringing the total to more than 100 and covering more than four and a half new journals including nature process oncology scientific reviews BMC Sustainability, and Discover Telecommunications. Whilst growing our publication volumes, we have also increased the impact of our portfolio as nearly two-thirds of our journals recorded an increase in impact factor in Clarivate's GCR report for 2025. Our growth in journals is being supported by the AI strategy we outlined in our full-year presentation in March and at our recent Investor Tech event. our AI-enabled article processing platform continues to onboard new journals. And year-to-date, over 60% of our submissions have been processed through Snap. Our journal finder brings new authors to Springer Nature. And our AI tools are helping editors find the right reviewers faster. Our transfer recommender is ensuring that good papers rejected on grounds of scope are retained within our ecosystem. And also, AI tools are helping our teams ensure research integrity across the portfolio. Research Assistant, our AI tool for researchers, introduced Manuscript Advisor to users. We continue to receive very positive feedback from a large group of beta testers with customer satisfaction levels well over 80. As you may have seen, yesterday we announced an Arc 3 partnership. These partnerships give researchers, clinicians, and R&D teams access to our trusted scientific content. They represent the next step in the evolution of our long-standing text and data mining businesses. And in books, revenue grew with positive phasing in digital products. And a particularly exciting milestone for our books business was the launch of Nature Books in July, combining the strength of the Nature brand with our leading position. Research AOP grew faster than revenue, reflecting operating leverage and ongoing efficiency improvements. And finally, during H1, we announced the disposal of our consumer media business, further increasing our focus in the core research. Let's now turn to the development in our other two segments. We saw revenues and AOP increase by 1%. Revenue growth was led by the DAG markets. Overall performance reflected a difficult comparison in the Netherlands and a challenging environment for pharma marketing spent in international healthcare. Turning to education, revenue and AOP increased by 4% with a strong performance in Southern Africa, including good growth in Zimbabwe. Performance also benefited from growth in India and favorable phasing in Western Europe. So we delivered a good growth performance in education in H1, despite the fact that last year we benefited from a large government order in Argentina in H1. To Alexandra, I'd like to pause to review one part of our journal's portfolio in a little bit more depth, our full open access journals. Open access continues to create value for researchers, institutions, and funders by increasing visibility, accessibility, and as we have mentioned before, Our paper's published call to open access has six times more downloads, 1.6 times more citations, and they get five times as much public attention when compared to non-open Our market-leading full open access journal portfolio is broad because it's covering all research areas, and it's deep because it now compromises over 800 journals and continues to expand. Across the portfolio, quality metrics continue to improve year-on-year in 2025. We have approximately 18% article share in full open access, but those articles generate 26 of all citations from full open access articles. Our portfolio is clearly the highest quality. Now turning to the individual brands. In the Nature portfolio, we have Nature Communications, a highly selective and prestigious title, which is now the most cited journal in the world. Scientific Reports is the world's largest journal. It seeks to be inclusive without compromising the rigor of peer review. Since launch in the Nature portfolio about 16 years ago, Scientific Reports has published the works of over 1 million authors. And with nearly 1.1 million citations last year, it's second only to netcoms in the impact it generates. Now, sitting between netcoms and Scientific Reports, we have three portfolios. We have our communications journals, we have our nature partner journals, and we have our newly launched nature progress. Now moving beyond the nature portfolio, we have BMC, founded in 2000 as the first commercial open access publisher. BMC was a pioneer of open access for the last 25 years. BMC offers a complete portfolio to biomedical communities, including prestigious titles like BMC Medicine and Molecular Cancer, as well as a fast-growing series of... Discover was launched in 2020 to serve communities of research, particularly in the fields of applying. Discover is a young portfolio with strong growth. In H1 alone, we have launched 14 new Discover journals, bringing the total to about 80. As we touched on in more detail last quarter, our Springer portfolio includes more than 340 full-op access journals. Springer pioneered transformative agreements in 2015 and continues to drive... and finally within our health segment we have curious a full open access journal with an innovative model which charges editing fees rather than a traditional apc we've expanded our market leading full open access portfolio launching 150 journals since 2024. we've expanded our star footprint in growth markets and we leveraged our investment in technology and ai and as a result we have outgrown the industry and continue to do so in h1 and with that I'll hand it over to Alexander for a financial update.
Thank you, Frank. I'll now take you through the financial performance in more detail. This was a strong first half. Revenue reached 940 million euro with underlying growth of 6%. Adjusted operating profit was 246 million euro, increasing by 8% in underlying terms. Underlying EOP margin improved by 38 basis points, increased by €64 million to €268 million. This reflects strong operational delivery supported by failable phasing impacts. And leverage reduced further versus year-end 2025, ending the half at 1.6 times well within our target range. The consistency of these metrics demonstrates our ability to convert strong operation performance into profitable growth and cash generation. The next slide provides further insight into our segments, covering both reported as well as underlying revenue and adjusted operating profit growth. Frank has already covered the key drivers here. Reported revenue growth was lower, mainly due to currency movements, especially the stronger euro against the U.S. dollar and Indian rupee, as well as the impact of hyperinflation in Argentina. Underlying EOP margin improved by 38 basis points. The reported margin of 26.2% also reflects a benefit from scope of around 16 basis points. This benefit is the result of lower losses at Scientific American prior to the divestment of that business at the end of June 2026. A high improvement and the benefit from scope was offset by an FX headwind of around 33 basis points. The FX headwind was partially mitigated by the depreciation of British pound and the Indian rupee, which lowered our cost base. In addition, we benefited from faible quarter-end FX revaluation on accounts receivable. Now moving on to adjusted net income. The very strong operating performance we delivered was offset at a net income and EPS level by the normalization of the financial result and tax rate in 2026. The adjusted financial result was the net expense of €39.7 million, compared with €20.7 million in the prior year. The year-on-year movement mainly reflects payable currency translation effects on intercompany balances in H125, which did not recur this year. This was partially offset by lower leverage and improved borrowing costs. As expected, the adjusted tax rate increased from 24.7% to 31.7%. You may recall that H125 saw a one-off tax benefit related to the utilization of tax losses carried forward. This results in adjusted net income of €141 million and adjusted EPS of €71. Turning next to cash. Cash generation was particularly strong in the first half. Free cash flow increased by $64 million to $268 million, supported by improved operating performance and lower interest payments, with H1 free cash flow also benefitting from positive phasing impacts on tax, investments, and interest. Lower interest and fee payments reflected both, lower average debt levels and interest We also saw a timing of benefits from the 2025 Schulzein-Dahlen, which defers a portion of cash interest into later quarter. Strong H1 cash generation supported continued deleveraging, and we ended the half-year at 1.6 times net debt to EBDA, despite paying out over €160 million in dividends in June. Our capital allocation approach is unchanged. Our priorities are to fund organic growth, maintain a strong balance sheet and look for value-accretive M&A opportunities with a strong strategic fit. We continue to pay a progressive dividend and after our 2026 AGM, we now have the ability to return excess capital via buybacks in the future. Finally, let me turn to our guidance. Given a strong first-half performance, we have updated our outlook for full year 2026. We expect underlying growth in revenues of around 6%, compared to the prior 5-6% range, with underlying improvement and AOP margin of at least 30 basis points. The FX scenario shown on this slide is the one we first gave you in March. It is based on FX rates at the end of full year 2025. A stronger dollar over the remainder of 2026 would be a tailwind to revenue and margins, also muted by the fact that around 60% of our research revenues are contracted and invoiced at renewal season rates. If the euro-dollar rates at the end of June of 2014 were to persist until year-end, this would result in a smaller adverse impact of around 2.6% on revenue growth and around 30 basis points on AOP margin. At today's race, we are somewhere in between these two scenarios. With that, I'll hand back to Frank to close today's presentation.
Yeah, thank you, Alexandra. As you have seen, we're happy with our strong performance in the first half of 26, demonstrating the strength of our business, both in terms of financial performance and strategic execution, is the key driver of that momentum. Our leadership in open access and our commitment to embracing AI across the portfolio. This gives us confidence as we look ahead, allowing us to update our 26 outlook, as Alexander just explained. and we're well positioned to continue to grow sustainably and responsibly in the years ahead as we outperform the industry. And with that, I'll hand it back to Tom for Q&A.
Move to Q&A. As a reminder, we ask each analyst to limit themselves to two questions initially. If you do have additional questions, we'll be happy to come back to you at the end. And with that, I'll...
Operator
The first question is from Barclays, Nick Dempsey.
The floor is yours, Nick. uh yeah uh good afternoon um i've got two please um so first of all uh latest thing that people have decided to worry about in us around academic publishing is the uh omb uh decision which i know we don't have a decision on it yet but i wonder if you could talk a little bit about uh if that does indeed go through and federal funds cannot be used for subscriptions or apcs can you talk about the potential impact uh and and how you're thinking about it in general um the second question volumes in article submissions in this market have been really good compared to the past for for quite a while now it doesn't seem likely that that continues forever and ever do you think that when we look towards next year that we should start to think about volume growth uh starting to normalize, or is it even beyond next year?
Thank you, Nick. Good afternoon. I'll take both questions. Maybe start with the last one first. So submission growth and what's our view on that? As I think we just mentioned in the presentation that we have seen strong submission growth across the portfolio at around 30%, which is kind of a continuation of what we have seen over the last two years. Now, if you look at the underlying factors for that, I think there's two of them one which i think is an important driver is that we see new regions like latin america but also the middle east and india contributing let's say to global article growth so that's number one and second what we're also seeing is that there is just an acceleration of research finding as a result of the adoption of ai i think against that positive market momentum i think we're doing well and i've just explained why that is the case first and foremost by the fact that we have an extremely strong portfolio with nature springer and our full open access brands but also the investments we have made over the past couple of years we've expanded our portfolio in terms of launching new journals we have you know increased our footprints in those markets where growth is the highest especially in asia we have invested in technology we've launched connections so quite a number of things actually support market share gains now if you ask me how do we look at let's say that momentum at the moment we don't see a slowdown i mean we continue to see good submission growth across all regions actually we see that in both north america and western europe actually submission growth has picked up so in that sense we don't see a slowdown yet and it's not something that we're anticipating at this stage so i hope that answers your second question now let's go to your first one the omb and and what do we need to think about that well I think it's always good to put things in perspective and and I think it's important to recognize that we are a diversified and resilient business so the US accounts for about 25% of our revenues 12% of the articles that we publish and keep in mind that out of the 12% of the articles that we publish about half of those are the result of federally funded research so we bought talk about 6% of the articles that we publish second i think that's also important is that researchers but also academic institutes they actually use multiple funds to pay for apcs and subscriptions so not just the federal funds but they use multiple funds for those so i think that's the second element to keep into mind and if you look at the omb the office of management and budget which helps to set helps the president to set the federal budget and advices on budget rules and policies They have proposed some wide-ranging changes in terms of how policies govern federally funded research. I think what we have seen after the announcement was made and the 45-days consultation period, which ended on the 13th of July, quite an enormous reaction from the research community in the U.S., I think more than 500,000 comments, which I think is by any means quite extraordinary, especially if you look at the fact that most of those comments were really different comments from each other so it was not like a petition being signed by a lot of people but really a lot of individual content uh feedback so i think at this stage we just have to wait and see what comes out of that uh yeah i think uh so not much more to be said about that at this stage the only thing is that i do think that we don't expect it to have a negative impact on our results this year that's why we have updated our guidance thank you no it answers your question. Sorry.
Operator
Next question is from Deutsche Bank, Steve Lichte. Please go ahead, Steve.
Yes. Hi there. My two will be just, can you give us a little bit more meat on Nature Virtual Assistant? I'm just thinking in context of Claude Science launch since we last spoke. So how it kind of plays against that and an update on the monetization model or thoughts there if they've progressed at all. That's the first question. And then the second question is just on the Consumer Journal's exit. I just wonder within your portfolio whether there's anything else that might be obvious to you that should be obvious to us that might be further divestment candidates and whether, you know, the exits of those journals have changed or signal a change in your appetite for almost consolidating the portfolio more.
Thank you very much, Steve, and good afternoon as well. Well, I'll take the first question on Nature Research Assistant and then Alexander will talk about the portfolio changes. So as you know, Nature Research Assistant is part of our overall AI strategy, which is about transforming the publication process, increasing visibility of research finding and protecting the integrity of the scientific record. I think Nature Research Assistant is for us an opportunity to support researchers with a broader set of use cases across the research and workflow, I think we're extremely well positioned to pursue that opportunity based on our strong nature brand, which stands for integrity and quality throughout the research community, the fact that we have access to high quality content and technology, and I think also what is extremely important is the fact that we have extensive in-house editorial expertise. now if you look at where we are today we have about 25,000 beta users feedback from those so we have about 25 apologies for that we have about 25,000 beta users and guys it may be my end do you want to mute me actually very happy with the feedback she said well above 80 percent over continuously adding new functionality we started off with writing on the starting articles So we're now expanding into the Discover area. And we're planning for a commercial launch of Nature Research Assistant early next year, early 2027. And if you look at, let's say, the monetization model, I think it will be a combination of a B2B business model because, of course, that's where we have most of our existing agreements today. So something that could be an add-on to the existing agreements. But at the same time, we also definitely see an opportunity into a consumer model, so targeting individual researchers. So that's where we are today. As I've said in the past, I don't think it will have an impactful, let's say, it will not be impactful on our short-term results, but I think it's something that we're extremely well-positioned to pursue, and that's why we're going after this opportunity. And I guess that's over to the next question you had, Steve, which was about the portfolio changes.
And even as we've then also cited that we divested our consumer magazines in age two and then with Scientific American and then also just recently end of July, the Spectrum. While these are strong and well-respected trends, consumer media has been not a core area of strategic focus for Springer Nature and we had limited synergies with the rest of our portfolio. With that disposal, we see now an increasing focus on research, where we see attractive growth opportunities driven by open access, technology, and AI. But we will continue to review our portfolio, and our primary focus will remain to create shareholder values through organic growth, value-equative M&A, but also active portfolio management. I hope that answers your question.
Operator
This is still muted.
Yeah, it's all right. Can we just unmute Steve briefly?
Operator
This question is from Kepler-Chevre, Connor Orschi. Connor?
Yes, thank you. Two questions from my side as well. Percy, I think you announced a deal with, a licensing deal with Open Evidence last night. So could you maybe give a little bit more color on that and the thinking behind that and whether that could make any noticeable difference to just an operating profit on a full-year basis next year. And then second question, maybe for Alexander, just on the net financial costs, I think it came in just under $40 million in the first half of the year. So just for the full year, 26 will be thinking double or almost double that for the full year or maybe a bit less in the second half of the year.
Thank you. is that we believe that AI will have a positive impact on research. And we want to make sure, I think at the end that's why people publish with us, that we take full advantage of AI tools, but also that we give maximum visibility to research findings. So I've already mentioned in this call our AI strategy. Arc3 fits into that strategy by making sure that researchers get maximum visibility. But at the same time, we also, of course, understand that AI needs trusted content to function properly. So if you look at ARC 3, that's essentially our AI data licensing solution. It's a logical extension of our text and data mining business. And it's based upon a set of principles, as we have outlined in the past as well. Attribution, provenance, and, of course, a subscription revenue model. We're actually very happy about the agreement we have recently announced with Open Evidence, because it really matches up to the principles that we have set out. It essentially ensures that new medical research insights, and keeping in mind that we are one of the largest medical research publishers in the world, are being provided at the point of care, and it ensures clear attribution and provenance for our content. And, of course, given the fact that it's a subscription model, it results in recurring revenues. So at the same time, given that it is a, let's say, subscription model, doesn't mean that it will have a large short-term impact because we're already late for the year so I don't expect a significant impact on revenues this year but of course it will add to the growth.
I will take the financial result question. So what we have seen for the first half of the year we have roughly 20 million improved compared to last year and there are two major drivers behind that and so on one hand side with the reduced debt and also to improved financing cost we had lower interest expense of around about 14 million so that's one part but on the other hand side we had last year this one-off impact where we had benefiting from positive valuation impact of our intercompany balances but this was really last year more kind of a one-off and we have also taken this year measures to further reduce intercompany balances and also to optimize our hedging in this respect. So we expect less volatility this year than we have seen last year. In terms of interest expense, and this is then primarily the major impact that also you will see on financial results, I would expect an improvement roughly considering where we are currently at our debt level and considering the improvements that we also have seen in terms of base rates as well as our margins, I would roughly expect $20 million lower interest expense for the full year than you have seen last year.
Okay. Perfect. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. The next question from Goldman Sachs, James Tate. James, the floor is yours.
Great. Thank you. Good afternoon, Frank. Alexandra, it's James Tate from Goldman. I've got two questions, please. I guess firstly, following up on the Open Evidence Agreement and just thinking within the R3 framework, Could you comment on the pipeline for further deals? Should we expect to see more of these agreements before the end of the year? And secondly, just to come back on capital allocation, given the strong free cash flow generation and likely deleveraging towards the bottom end of the target leverage range next year, how do you look to maintain an efficient balance sheet? Could it be a change in approach regarding M&A, or maybe would you consider a share buyback? Keen to hear your thoughts there. Thank you.
Maybe, James, let me start with the first one, On the pipeline for ARC3, I think we, you know, shouldn't be a surprise. There's quite a number of, let's say, companies that are interested in our content, given that we are the largest by a mile, and also the fact that we're the second largest by some distance versus the number three, four, and five in terms of journals. So it's clear that, you know, companies really want to work with us. At the same time, I think our requirements and expectations are quite clear. so yes there is a pipeline but at the same time I have to say that you know closing these these deals can take some time so I wouldn't expect a significant impact in terms of revenues this year in terms of their license also as I explained earlier it's a subscription model and the later you are in the year the less the less impact you will see so continue again with the leverage and a cash flow question so also for the full year I do expect a strong cash flow performance.
And we will stick with our clear capital allocation priorities. I think I've just mentioned it in the presentation. So first for us, and this will be also the number of priorities that we continue to pursue, is that we will invest in our business organically. And we see there's still a number of investment opportunities to keep that strong balance sheet, but then also continuously screening the market for value-accretive M&A opportunities. That could be in the range of expanding our portfolio, could be AI, leverageable technology, all of these topics will be for us on the radar. We continue to pay a progressive dividend, and then we think about returning any excess cash. But again, as I also mentioned in our past before, we continue to see benefits from our reduced interest margins, so that's still for us an opportunity to further lower that. And then in addition, the leverage that we see currently is also positioning us very well for any future re-financing.
Operator
David Nolan from Morgan Stanley. The next question is yours.
Thanks, guys. So the first one for me is just on Snap. So more than 60% of submissions were processed in H1 on Snap, which is obviously great progress. Just wondering how much of a revenue slash margin tailwind could we expect over the next kind of one to two years as the rest of those journals are onboarded onto Snap. And then second, this is on the margin potential. So it'd be great to get some further color just on the difference between kind of gross margin expansion versus underlying margin expansion. And what I mean by that is kind of what's this being reinvested back into the business? Like, just get a better understanding of the quantum of that investment would be very helpful.
Okay, I agree. So then, David, let me start with SNAP. You're right. I think it's a big step forward for us that we have now 60% of our submissions on SNAP, and SNAP is benefiting us in two ways. So on one hand side, it's now our own proprietary workflow system, and that helps us on saving costs, where we in the past also had an external service provider where we had to pay on a per-submission base. But it's also kind of cost avoidance, because while we are growing, we're further expanding those submissions, and we have not discussed, I've just outlined. In addition, really fast SNAP is a key differentiator with this workflow when you want to create a frictionless experience in publishing with us. So that's on one hand side, the experience of the author, where we also see excellent CSAT. On the other hand side, it's also helping us to streamline the process, to add new tools to that that help us for example to identify in a more speedy more effective way for example peer reviewers it's adding tools that have to do first checks on the on the submissions to check on quality to check on master data and so on so all of that is helping us really to this what we call the frictionless publishing experience and that's a journey where we will further continue on In terms of your question, how this will impact our margin, yes, it helps us to be more efficient. It's the cost-avoidance factor, but we are never talking about our margin in the way how a particular initiative will end up in a margin improvement. As you know, for us, margin development is a splendid view. So on one hand side, we are driving our revenue growth, and this also helps us with the product mix to impact the margin. There is the operating leverage that is inherent in our business, but at the same time we invest in our business. And whether this is in further expanding the portfolio, we have seen the 39 journals that we have just launched this year, but also investing in further technology. What I clearly can state is we are truly committed to grow our AOP ahead of revenue, and that will then further reside in margin improvements over time. And then secondly, and I think this was partially also answered already with my feedback on SNAP, you wanted to see the differentiation in underlying group margin expansion as well. So this somehow was answered already with the first question, that we have a blended view on that, and we will not comment on individual initiatives and what is their exact impact for our P&L. But as I said before, I think this continued growing AOP margin ahead of revenue is an underlying steering of our business that we apply.
Yeah, and I think it's fair to say, especially if you look at, let's say, the journals that we have launched, those are kind of longer-term investments, which, of course, come at the expense of margin improvement, but at the same time, it has allowed us to outgrow the market. So I think we're trying to find the right balance on one side, margin improvement, but at the same time, securing long-term growth.
Operator
Great, thank you. The next question is from ABN Amro, Conrad Sommer. Please go ahead.
Hi, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. The first one is on your full open access development. I know you don't give a specific breakdown of revenue growth, but can you give us an indication of what the general growth was of your open access revenues in the first half? And my second question is, can you give us an update on the progress of finding a new finance director?
I'll answer both questions. So the first one on full open access growth. Well, I already mentioned that across the portfolio, we have seen 30% submission growth and 13% article growth, which is kind of a continuation of what we have seen in 2024 and 2025. and if you look at how that plays out across the portfolio what you will see is that full open access is well above that average typically subscription is at or below and then there's a difference between let's say growth in the nature versus the Spinger portfolio so but just to give you the short and clear answer full open access is well above that kind of 30% submission growth and 13% article growth and that's a result of the fact that we have a market leading full open access portfolio in terms of quantity but also in terms of quality as I showed and the fact that we have made those investments. If you look at the you know progress in terms of finding a new CFO actually this is probably Alexander your last earnings goal for Springer Nature so again you know I want to thank you for all the hard work that you've done over the last two years it has definitely been probably felt sometimes more than two years especially if you look at all the work that we did around the IPO Alexander will leave us by the end of September and yeah we're pretty okay I can say that over the next two to three weeks we would expect to be able to announce a successor to Alexander to fill
Operator
big shoes yes alright thank you question goes to Bill Packer BNPP Bill.
Hi there, many thanks for taking my question. I just wanted to come back on the OMB proposals. So I think you mentioned that 6% of your article volumes are federally funded. If we were to assume that the OMB rules were introduced as planned in October, my understanding would be that the impact on APC fees would be immediate. So institutions would have to find alternative sources, which I'm sure they do for the more prestigious journals, but perhaps less so for the less prestigious journals. Could you talk a little bit how the flow through to subscription contracts would work? My understanding, having had a look at the OMB proposals, is that the sort of chargeback ability would be reduced, but do you think in practice that would act as a break on negotiations around subscription fee inflation, or do you think it would be other parts of the materials budget would be deprioritized. Any column there would be helpful. Thank you.
Thank you, Bill. Happy to try to answer your question. I mean, first, I think it's always, you know, a bit dangerous to go in what if scenarios. So I think that's, you know, yeah, let's see what comes out of it. And I think I've said that, you know, our guidance for this year takes our expectations into account. And that's why we've updated our guidance. I think the 6% that you mentioned is, of course, U.S. federally funded research. I've also said that, you know, when we do research to look at how authors are actually paying for APCs, they use multiple funds. Keeping in mind that at 6%, we present articles across our whole range with different APC levels. So I think at this stage, we don't know if, when, and how, what of the 400-page document with a numerous amount of guidelines will be implemented and what will happen. So I think at this stage, the best thing is to see what comes out of it. I think the fact that 500,000 reactions to the guidelines have been submitted, I think, is actually encouraging. I shouldn't forget that it's not just APCs and subscriptions, but there's a wide range of different guidelines that would actually also, for instance, impact US societies. So not to be underestimated. So I think on the APCs, yeah, I'll have to see. Too early to tell. I think if you look at the subscription spend, I think the impact is even more complicated because it's not like, you know, there's not necessarily a direct relationship. We saw in the past there were proposals around how much overhead could be charged on top of funds. I think there also we saw at the end that, you know, the measures that were initially announced and what at the end happened was quite different. I think the other thing to keep in mind is that we are working in a contracted business. So in the US, most of our subscription content is actually multi-year and we're going through the renewal season as we speak. And so far, we are moving along in line with expectations. So I think, yeah, difficult to say what if, how, what happens. But at this stage, I think we'll just have to see and wait what comes out of the whole process.
Thanks for that, Carla. And when do we expect to hear next from the OMB?
If I knew the answer to that, then I think I would have given you that answer. I don't think anybody knows at this stage.
I think we have any more questions in the queue.
Operator
That was the last question, guys. You can close the call.
I just want to thank everybody for spending another hour with us. and I wish you a nice afternoon. Thank you very much.
