TGL 10-Q
Treasure Global Inc (TGL)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Form
(Mark One)
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED
or
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM_________ to________
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| The |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐
No
As of November 14, 2025, the registrant had a
total of
INDEX
i
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends impacting the financial condition of our business. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “potential,” “might,” “forecast,” “continue,” or the negative of those terms, and similar expressions and comparable terminology intended to reference future periods. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
| ● | Our ability to effectively operate our business segments; |
| ● | Our ability to manage our research, development, expansion, growth and operating expenses; |
| ● | Our ability to evaluate and measure our business, prospects and performance metrics; |
| ● | Our ability to compete, directly and indirectly, and succeed in our highly competitive industry; |
| ● | Our ability to respond and adapt to changes in technology and customer behavior; and |
| ● | Our ability to protect our intellectual property and to develop, maintain and enhance a strong brand. |
Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.
Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Accordingly, the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should not be regarded as representations that the results or conditions described in such statements will occur or that our objectives and plans will be achieved, and we do not assume any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements.
ii
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
TREASURE GLOBAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
| As of | As of | |||||||
| September 30, | June 30, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Inventories, net | ||||||||
| Other receivables and other current assets, net | ||||||||
| Other receivable, related party | ||||||||
| Prepayments | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| OTHER ASSETS | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Other receivables and other assets, non-current, net | ||||||||
| Total other assets | ||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Related party loan | $ | $ | ||||||
| Insurance loan | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Contract liability | ||||||||
| Other payables and accrued liabilities | ||||||||
| Other payables, related parties | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Income tax payables | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities -non current | ||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Common stock, par value $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
TREASURE GLOBAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| REVENUES | $ | $ | ||||||
| COST OF REVENUES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| GROSS PROFIT | ||||||||
| SELLING | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME | ||||||||
| Other income, net | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Unrealized holding loss on marketable securities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| TOTAL OTHER EXPENSE, NET | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | ( | ) | ||||||
| NET LOSS | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ) | ||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE LOSS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| LOSS PER SHARE | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted* | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted* | ||||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
TREASURE GLOBAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGE IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
| ACCUMULATED | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COMMON STOCK | ADDITIONAL | OTHER | TOTAL | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of shares | Par value | PAID
IN CAPITAL | ACCUMULATED DEFICIT | COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock and warrant under share purchase agreement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of warrants allocated to derivative liabilities | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Employee and non-employee stock base compensation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2025 (Unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| ACCUMULATED | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COMMON STOCK* | ADDITIONAL | OTHER | TOTAL | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of shares | Par value | PAID
IN CAPITAL | ACCUMULATED DEFICIT | COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock at the market offering, net of issuance costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for software development | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee stock compensation | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2024 (Unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
TREASURE GLOBAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | ||||||||
| Amortization of operating right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ||||||||
| Unrealized holding loss on marketable securities | ||||||||
| Change in operating assets and liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other receivables and other assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Prepayments | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Customer deposits | ( | ) | ||||||
| Contract liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other payables and accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Income tax payables | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepayment of purchase consideration for business combination | ( | ) | ||||||
| Collaboration deposit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock in market offering | ||||||||
| Proceeds from Issuance of common stock and warrant under share purchase agreement | ||||||||
| Proceed from insurance loan | ( | ) | ||||||
| Principal payments of insurance loan | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payments of related party loan | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ( | ) | ||||||
| INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year | ||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOWS INFORMATION | ||||||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | $ | ||||||
| Interest paid | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH FLOWS INFORMATION | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for software development | $ | $ | ||||||
| Allocation of fair value of derivative liabilities for issuance of common stock | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 – Nature of business and organization
Treasure Global Inc. (“TGL” or the
“Company”) is a holding company incorporated on
On March 11, 2021, TGL completed a reverse recapitalization (“Reorganization”) under common control of its then existing stockholders, who collectively owned all of the equity interests of TADAA TECHNOLOGIES prior to the Reorganization through a Share Swap Agreement. TADAA TECHNOLOGIES is under common control of the same stockholders of TGL through a beneficial ownership agreement, which results in the consolidation of TADAA TECHNOLOGIES and has been accounted for as a Reorganization of entities under common control at carrying value. Before and after the Reorganization, the Company, together with its subsidiaries is effectively controlled by the same stockholders, and therefore the Reorganization is considered as a recapitalization of entities under common control in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805-50-25. The consolidation of the Company and its subsidiaries have been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-5.
The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, TADAA TECHNOLOGIES, engages in the payment processing industry and operate an online-to-offline (“O2O”) e-commerce platform known as “ZCITY”. The Company has extensive business interests in creating an innovative O2O e-commerce platform with an instant rebate and affiliate cashback program business model, focusing on providing a seamless payment solution and capitalizing on big data using artificial intelligence technology. The Company’s proprietary product is an internet application (or “app”) called “ZCITY App”. ZCITY App drives user app download and transactions by providing instant rebate and cashback. The Company aims to transform and simplify a user’s e-payment gateway experience by providing great deals, rewards and promotions with every use in an effort to make it Malaysia’s top reward and payment gateway platform.
During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company launched a new revenue stream by providing customized software development services. This business line is part of the Company’s broader efforts to explore new growth opportunities and strengthen its capabilities in the technology and digital services sector.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of TGL and each of the following entities.
| Name | Background | Ownership | ||||
| TADAA Technologies Sdn. Bhd (formerly known as ZCity Sdn Bhd and Gem Reward Sdn. Bhd.) (“TADAA Technologies”) | ● ● ● | A Malaysian company Incorporated in June 2017 Operated O2O e-commerce platform known as ZCITY | ||||
| TADAA Ventures Sdn. Bhd (formerly known as VWXYZ Venture Sdn. Bhd underwent a name change on July 29, 2025.) (“TADAA Ventures”) (1) | ● ● ● | A Malaysian company Incorporated in July 2024 Holding company | ||||
| (1) |
5
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies
Going concern
In assessing the Company’s liquidity and the significant doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern, the Company monitors and analyzes cash on hand and operating expenditure commitments. The Company’s liquidity needs are to meet working capital requirements and operating expense obligations. To date, the Company has financed its operations primarily through cash flows from contributions from stockholders, issuance of convertible notes from third parties and related parties, related party loans, and various of public offerings.
The Company’s management has considered
whether there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern due to: (1) recurring loss from operations of approximately
$
On March 22, 2024, the Company and H.C. Wainwright&
Co., LLC, (the “Manager”) entered into a marketing offering agreement (“Marketing Offering Agreement”). Pursuant
to the Marketing Offering Agreement, the Company intends to issue and sell through or to the Manager, as sales agent and / or principal
from time to time of the Company’s common stock at the Market Offering. As of September 30, 2025, the Company received an aggregated
net proceed of approximately $
On October 10, 2024, the Company entered into
a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Alumni Capital LP (“Alumni Capital”), a Delaware limited
partnership which was subsequently amended by the modification agreement (“Modification Agreement”) on January 21, 2025. Pursuant
to the Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation to cause Alumni Capital to purchase up to $
On November 27, 2024, the Company entered into
a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with certain investors (the “Investors”). Pursuant to
the Subscription Agreement, the Investors agreed to invest an aggregate amount of $
Despite receiving the net proceeds from the various offerings, the Company’s management is of the opinion that it will not have sufficient funds to meet the Company’s working capital requirements and debt obligations as they become due starting from one year from the date of this report due to the recurring loss. Therefore, management has determined that there is a significant doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. If the Company is unable to generate significant revenue, it may be required to curtail or cease its operations. Management is trying to alleviate the going concern risk through the following sources:
| ● | Equity financing to support its working capital; |
There, however, is no guarantee that the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern will be alleviated.
6
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and pursuant to Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto, included in the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s unaudited financial position as of September 30, 2025, its unaudited results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and its unaudited cash flows for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, as applicable, have been made. The unaudited results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.
Principles of consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Subsidiary is entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power; or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of directors.
Enterprise-wide disclosure
The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Makers (CODM), which include the Chief Executive Officer and their direct reports, review financial information presented on consolidated basis. This information is accompanied by a breakdown of revenues from different revenue streams, facilitating resource allocation and financial performance evaluation. The reporting of operating segments aligns with the internal reports provided to the CODM, a group composed of specific members of the Company’s management team.
During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company
introduced a new revenue stream through customized software development services. As a result, the Company operates through
Use of estimates
The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant accounting estimates reflected in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the estimated retail price per point and estimated breakage to calculate the revenue recognized in our loyalty program revenue and customized software development revenue, useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, allowance for credit loss, write-down for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventories, realization of deferred tax assets and uncertain tax position, fair value of the stock-based compensation, fair value of the marketable securities, and fair value of the warrants issued. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
7
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Foreign currency translation and transaction
Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The reporting currency of the Company is United States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been expressed in US$. The Company’s subsidiaries in Malaysia conducts their businesses and maintains their books and record in the local currency, Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR” or “RM”), as its functional currency. In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive gain or loss within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ deficiency. Cash flows are also translated at average translation rates for the periods, therefore, amounts reported on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Translation of foreign currencies into US$
| As of | ||||||||
| September 30, 2025 | June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| Period-average MYR: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
| For the three months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Period-average MYR: US$1 exchange rate | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash is carried at cost and represent cash on hand, time deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash equivalents consist of funds received from customer, which funds were held at the third-party platform’s fund account, and which are unrestricted and immediately available for withdrawal and use.
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced
amount less an allowance for any uncollectible accounts and do not bear interest. The Company provides various payment terms from cash
due on delivery to 90 days based on customer’s credibility. Accounts receivable include money due from sales of software development,
and sales of health care product on its ZCITY platform. The carrying value of accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance for credit
losses that reflects the Company’s best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. An allowance for credit losses is recorded
in the period when a loss is probable based on an assessment of specific evidence indicating collection is unlikely, historical bad debt
rates, accounts aging, financial conditions of the customer and industry trends. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer’s
financial condition, credit history, and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in the allowance for credit losses when it
is considered necessary. Account balances are charged off against the allowance for credit losses after all means of collection have been
exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company’s management continues to evaluate the reasonableness
of the valuation allowance policy and update it if necessary. As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, the Company recorded $
8
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, cost being determined on a first in first out method. Costs include gift card or “E-voucher” pin code which are purchased from the Company’s suppliers as merchandized goods or store credit. Costs also included health care products, foods and beverage products which are purchased from the Company’s suppliers as merchandized goods. Management compares the cost of inventories with the net realizable value and if applicable, an allowance is made for writing down the inventory to its net realizable value, if lower than cost. On an ongoing basis, inventories are reviewed for potential write-down for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventories which equals the difference between the costs of inventories and the estimated net realizable value based upon forecasts for future demand and market conditions. When inventories are written-down to the lower of cost or net realizable value, it is not marked up subsequently based on changes in underlying facts and circumstances. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, write-downs for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventories were recorded.
Other receivables and other current assets, net
Other receivables and other current assets consist of refundable collaboration deposit related to the partnership agreement with Credilab Sdn. Bhd. In addition, other receivables and other current assets also include prepayment made by the Company to third parties for software development, cyber security service, director& officer liability insurance (“D&O Insurance), refundable advance to third party service provider, deposit for investment and other deposits.
Starting from July 1, 2023, the Company adopted
ASC Topic 326 on its other receivables using the modified retrospective approach. The new credit loss guidance replaces the old model
for measuring the allowance for credit losses with a model that is based on the expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the
new accounting guidance, the Company measures credit losses on its other receivables using the current expected credit loss model under
ASC 326. As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, the Company provided allowance for credit loss of $
Prepayment
Prepayments and deposits are mainly cash deposited or advanced to suppliers for future inventory purchases. This amount is refundable and bears no interest. For any prepayments determined by management that such advances will not be in receipts of inventories, services, or refundable, the Company will recognize an allowance account to reserve such balances. Management reviews its prepayments on a regular basis to determine if the allowance is adequate and adjusts the allowance when necessary. Delinquent account balances are written-off against allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable. The Company’s management continues to evaluate the reasonableness of the valuation allowance policy and update it if necessary. As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, the Company did not record allowance for doubtful account against prepayment.
Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets with no residual value. The estimated useful lives are as follows:
| Expected useful lives | ||
| Computer and office equipment | ||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||
| Motor vehicles | ||
| Leasehold improvement |
The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred, while additions, renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives.
9
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Intangible assets, net
The Company’s acquired intangible assets
with definite useful lives only consist of internal used software. The Company amortizes its intangible assets with definite useful lives
over their estimated useful lives and reviews these assets for impairment. The Company typically amortizes its internal use software with
definite useful lives on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the contractual terms or the estimated economic lives, which is determined
to be approximately
Impairment for long-lived assets
Long-lived assets, including property and equipment,
and intangible assets with finite lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant
adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not
be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of the assets based on the undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected
to generate and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset
plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. If an impairment is identified,
the Company would reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flows approach or, when
available and appropriate, to comparable market values. As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, $
Investment in marketable securities
Investments in marketable securities, net, consist of investments in listed shares, which are listed on Nasdaq. Marketable securities are accounted for under ASC 321 and reported at their readily determinable fair values as quoted by market exchanges with changes in fair value recorded in other (expense) income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. All changes in a marketable security’s fair value are reported in earnings as they occur, as such, the sale of a marketable security does not necessarily give rise to a significant gain or loss. Unrealized gains/(losses) due to fluctuations in fair value are recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Declines in fair value below cost deemed to be other-than-temporary are recognized as impairments in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
Derivative liabilities
A contract is designated as an asset or a liability and is carried at fair value on the Company’s balance sheet, with any changes in fair value recorded in the Company’s results of operations. The Company then determines which options, warrants and embedded features require liability accounting and records the fair value as a derivative liability. The changes in the values of these instruments are shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as “change in fair value of derivative liabilities”.
Warrants
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity or liability instruments in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, based on the specific terms and conditions of each warrant. Warrants that meet all criteria for equity classification are recorded in equity at issuance with no subsequent remeasurement. Warrants that do not meet the equity classification requirements are classified as liabilities and measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. The classification is reassessed at each reporting period.
10
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Revenue recognition
The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606) for all periods presented. The core principle underlying the revenue recognition of this ASU allows the Company to recognize - revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.
To achieve that core principle, the Company applies five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model requires that the Company (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.
The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when the contract is committed in writing, the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified, the contract has commercial substance and consideration is probable of substantially collection.
Revenue recognition policies for each type of revenue stream are as follows:
Product revenue
| - | Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time |
The Company primarily sells discounted gift cards
(or E-vouchers) from retailers, health care products and computer products through individual order directly through the Company’s
online marketplace platform and its mobile application (“ZCITY”). When the Company is acting as a principal in the transaction,
the Company accounts for the revenue generated from its sales of E-vouchers, health care products, and computer products on a gross basis
as the Company is responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods, which the Company has control of the goods and
has the ability to direct the use of goods to obtain substantially all the benefits. In making this determination, the Company assesses
whether it is primarily obligated in these transactions, is subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices, or has met
several but not all of these indicators in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-36 through 40. The Company determined that it is primarily responsible
for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good as the Company directly purchases and pays for in full the applicable E-voucher,
health care products and computer products from the vendors prior to posting of such products for sale on its online marketplace platform
and prior to taking any orders for sales of such products. Meanwhile, the Company maintained an average daily inventory of approximately
$
In certain instances, the Company is acting as an agent in the transaction and is engaging in drop shipping arrangements for health care, where the products were shipped directly from the vendors to the customers. In these drop shipping transactions, the Company was not primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to deliver the products to the customers, and as a result, did not exercise control over the goods or assume any inventory risks. Therefore, the Company determined that revenue from sales of products under the drop shipping arrangements were recognized on a net basis.
11
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company recognizes the sales of
E-vouchers, health care products, and computer products revenue when the control of the specified
goods is transferred to its customer. No refund or return policy is provided to the customer. Payment is received before the goods
are delivered to customers, as such no financing component has been recognized as the payment terms are for reasons other than
financing. The products are sold without any warranty provided. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024,
approximately $
Loyalty program
| - | Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time |
The Company’s ZCITY reward loyalty program allows members to earn points on purchases that can be redeemed for rewards that include discounts on future purchases. When members purchase the Company’s product or make purchase with the Company’s participated vendor through ZCITY, the Company allocate the transaction price between the product and service, and the reward points earned based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and expected point redemption. The portion allocated to the reward points is initially recorded as contract liability and subsequently recognized as revenue upon redemption or expiration.
The two primary estimates utilized to record the contract liabilities for reward points earned by members are the estimated retail price per point and estimated breakage. The estimated retail price per point is based on the actual historical retail prices of product purchased or service obtained through the redemption of reward points. The Company estimate breakage of reward points based on historical redemption rates. The Company continually evaluates its methodology and assumptions based on developments in retail price per point redeemed, redemption patterns and other factors. Changes in the retail price per point and redemption rates have the effect of either increasing or decreasing the contract liabilities through current period revenue by an amount estimated to represent the retail value of all points previously earned but not yet redeemed by loyalty program members as of the end of the reporting period.
Transactions revenue
| - | Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time |
The transactions revenues primarily consist of fees charged to merchants for participating in ZCITY upon successful sales transaction and payment service taken place between the merchants and their customers online.
The Company earns transaction revenue from merchants when transactions are completed on certain retail marketplaces. Such revenue is generally determined as a percentage based on the value of merchandise or services being sold by the merchants. In connection with the transaction revenue, the Company offers to share the profit of the transaction (“agent commission”) to the agents who has referred merchants to participating in Company’s online marketplace platform and in ZCITY. Transaction revenue is recognized, net of agent commission, in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations at the time when the underlying transaction is completed.
Member subscription revenue
| - | Performance obligations satisfied over time |
In order to attract more customer to engage with the Company’s online marketplace and in ZCITY, the Company provides membership subscription to the customers to join the Zmember program, a membership program that provides member with benefits which included exclusive saving, bonus, and referral rewards. Member subscription revenue primarily consists of fees charge to customers who sign up for Zmember. As the Company provides customers with 6 months member subscription service in general, member subscription revenue is recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operation over time across the subscription period.
12
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Customized software development service revenue
| - | Performance obligations satisfied over time |
The Company generates revenue from customized software development services typically include the design, development, and implementation of tailored digital systems and integrated software solutions. The customized software development service is generally recognized over time as the Company satisfies its performance obligations, based on its efforts or inputs, due to the continuous transfer of control to the customer and the enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
Customized software development service revenue is recognized using an input measure (i.e., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. The Company generally uses the cost-to-cost measure of progress method because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as the Company incurs costs on its contracts. Under this method, the extent of progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of total costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recognized proportionally as costs are incurred.
Any expected losses on customized software development service contracts in progress are recognized in full in the period the losses are identified. Contract costs include all direct labor costs, subcontracted developments resources cost, and those indirect costs related to contract performance. Contract modifications that extend or revise contract terms generally result in recognizing the impact of the revised terms prospectively over the remaining life of the modified contract (i.e., effectively like a new contract).
Disaggregated information of revenues by products/services are as follows:
| For the three months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||
| Gift card or “E-voucher” revenue (1) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Health care products, and computer products revenue (1) | ||||||||
| Loyalty program revenue (1) | ||||||||
| Transaction revenue (1) | ||||||||
| Member subscription revenue (2) | ||||||||
| Total revenues from ZCITY platform | ||||||||
| Revenue from Customized software development (2) | ||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | $ | ||||||
| (1) |
| (2) |
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue sold mainly consists of the purchases of gift cards or “E-voucher” pin codes, and health care products, which are directly attributable to the sales of products on the Company’s online marketplace platform. In addition, cost of revenue sold also includes labor and subcontracted development resource costs related to customized software development services.
13
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Advertising costs
Advertising costs amounted to $
Research and development
Research and development expenses include salaries and other compensation-related expenses to the Company’s research and product development personnel, and related expenses for the Company’s research and product development team.
Research and development
expenses include salaries and other compensation-related expenses to the Company’s research and product development personnel, and
related expenses for the Company’s research and product development team. Research and development expenses amounted to $
Defined contribution plan
The full-time employees of the Company are entitled to the government mandated defined contribution plan. The Company is required to accrue and pay for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ respective salaries, subject to certain ceilings, in accordance with the relevant government regulations, and make cash contributions to the government mandated defined contribution plan.
Total expenses for the plans were $
The related contribution plans include:
| ● | Social Security Organization (“SOSCO”) – |
| ● | Employees Provident Fund (“EPF”) – |
| ● | Employment Insurance System (“EIS”) – |
Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP for income taxes. The charge for taxation is based on the results for the fiscal year as adjusted for items, which are non-assessable or disallowed. It is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of assessable tax profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized, or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
14
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit
only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination
being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than
The Company is incorporated in the State of Delaware and is required to pay franchise taxes to the State of Delaware on an annual basis.
The Company conducts much of its business activities in Malaysia and is subject to tax in its jurisdiction. As a result of its business activities, the Company will file separate tax returns that are subject to examination by the foreign tax authorities.
Stock-based compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards to executive officers in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which requires that stock-based payment transactions with employees be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued and recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period.
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 amended by ASU 2018-07. Under FASB ASC Topic 718, stock compensation granted to non-employees has been determined as the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measured and is recognized as an expense as the goods or services are received.
Comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive loss. Net loss refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under GAAP are recorded as an element of stockholders’ deficiency. Other comprehensive loss is excluded from net loss. Other comprehensive loss consists of a foreign currency translation adjustment resulting from the Company not using the U.S. dollar as its functional currencies.
Earnings (loss) per share
The Company computes earnings (loss) per share
(“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”. ASC 260 requires companies to present basic and diluted
EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net loss divided by the weighted average common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the
dilutive effect on a per share basis of the potential ordinary shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they
had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common stock that have an anti-dilutive
effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. For the
three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024,
Fair value measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The following summarizes the three levels of inputs required to measure fair value, of which the first two are considered observable and the third is considered unobservable:
15
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The fair value for certain assets and liabilities such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, other receivables and other current assets, prepayments, accounts payable, customers deposits, contract liabilities, other payables and accrued liabilities have been determined to approximate carrying amounts due to the short maturities of these instruments. The Company believes that its related party loan, insurance loan, and convertible notes approximates fair value based on current yields for debt instruments with similar terms. The fair value of investment in marketable securities is based on market price in an active market (Level 1) at the end of each reporting period. The Company’s warrants issued to Alumni Capital under Share Purchase Agreement (see Note 13) is not traded in an active securities market (level 3); therefore, the Company estimates the fair value to those warrants using the Black-Scholes valuation model on grant date and at the end of each reporting period.
The following table presents information about the Company’s financial asset and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025:
September 30, (Unaudited) | Quoted Prices in Active Market (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Input (Level 2) | Significant Other Unobservable Input (Level 3) | |||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | Quoted Prices in Active Market (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Input (Level 2) | Significant Other Unobservable Input (Level 3) | |||||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
| Investment in marketable securities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and for the year ended June 30, 2025:
| Warrant issued under Share Purchase Agreement | ||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ | |||
| Derivative liabilities recognized at grant date | ||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ( | ) | ||
| Exercised of warrants | ( | ) | ||
| Balance as of June 30, 2025 | ||||
| Derivative liabilities recognized at grant date | ||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2025 (Unaudited) | $ | |||
16
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Related parties
Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.
Lease
Effective July 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842), and elected the practical expedients that does not require us to reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are, or contain, leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. For lease terms of twelve months or fewer, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and liabilities.
If any of the following criteria are met, the Company classifies the lease as a finance lease:
| ● | The lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term; |
| ● | The lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise; |
| ● | The lease term is for |
| ● | The present value of the sum of the lease payments equals or exceeds |
| ● | The underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. |
Leases that do not meet any of the above criteria are accounted for as operating leases.
The Company combines lease and non-lease components in its contracts under Topic 842, when permissible.
Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability are recognized at the adoption date of July 1, 2022 or the commencement date, whichever is earlier, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Since the implicit rate for the Company’s leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, an amount equal to the lease payments, in a similar economic environment and over a similar term.
Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as the Company does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. The Company generally considers the economic life of its operating lease ROU asset to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU asset and liability do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee.
The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating lease.
17
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company reviews the impairment of its ROU asset consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of operating lease liability in any tested asset group and includes the associated operating lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not recognize impairment loss on its operating lease ROU asset.
Recent accounting pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards updates (“ASUs”). Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), the Company meets the definition of an emerging growth company and has elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which delays the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies.
-Recent accounting pronouncements adopted
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 47020) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 81540): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which is intended to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. The guidance allows for either full retrospective adoption or modified retrospective adoption. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on July 1, 2025.
-Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, which is an update to Topic 740, Income Taxes. The amendments in this update enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this Update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2023-07 will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 amends ASC 220, Comprehensive Income to expand income statement expense disclosures and require disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is required to be adopted for fiscal years commencing after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the standard on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The FASB issued ASU 2024-03 on November 4, 2024. ASU 2024-03 states that the amendments are effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Following the issuance of ASU 2024-03, the FASB was asked to clarify the initial effective date for entities that do not have an annual reporting period that ends on December 31 (referred to as non-calendar year-end entities). Because of how the effective date guidance was written, a non-calendar year-end entity may have concluded that it would be required to initially adopt the disclosure requirements in ASU 2024-03 in an interim reporting period, rather than in an annual reporting period. The FASB’s intent in the basis for conclusions of ASU 2024-03 is clear that all public business entities should initially adopt the disclosure requirements in the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
Except as mentioned above, the Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and comprehensive loss and statements of cash flows.
Note 3 – Accounts receivable, net
| As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Provision for estimated credit losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | ||||||
18
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Movements of provision for accounts receivable’s estimated credit losses are as follows:
As
of | As of June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Addition | ||||||||
| Exchange rate effect | ||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 4 – Inventories, net
Inventories consist of the following:
| As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Gift card (or E-voucher) | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 5 – Other receivables and other current assets, net
| As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Collaboration deposits (i) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deposits (ii) | ||||||||
| Prepaid tax | ||||||||
| Prepaid expense (iii) | ||||||||
| Prepaid technical support and maintenance fee (v) | ||||||||
| Software development deposit (iv) | ||||||||
| Prepaid investment (vii) | ||||||||
| Other receivable (vi) | ||||||||
| Total other receivables and other current assets | ||||||||
| Provision for estimated credit loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total other receivables and other current assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-current | $ | $ | ||||||
| (i) |
| (ii) |
| (iii) |
19
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| (iv) | The balance of software development deposit consists as following:
On July 20, 2023, the Company entered into a software development agreement (the “Agreement”) with Nexgen Advisory Sdn Bhd (“Nexgen”), an unrelated third party. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company engaged with Nexgen in software development related to the creation of an artificial intelligence-powered travel platform. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had made a $
On July 18, 2024, the Company entered into
an agreement with Musli Development Sdn Bhd (“Musli”) and V Galactech Sdn. Bhd (“V Galactech”)
for the provision of subcontractor services related to developing smart campus management system at the Enforcement Leadership &
Management University, Malaysia. Under the terms of these agreements, both Musli and V Galactech were engaged to provide services including
infrastructure cabling, wiring, and network design consultancy for a total amount of $
On October 10, 2024, the Company entered into
a service partnership agreement (the “Partnership Agreement”) with Octagram Investment Limited (“OCTA”), a Malaysian
company, to establish a strategic partnership pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in this Partnership Agreement. Pursuant
to the Partnership Agreement, OCTA shall design, develop and deliver mini-game modules to be integrated into the ZCity App, an E-Commerce
platform owned by the Company. In addition, OCTA shall customize the mini-game modules based on the Company’s detailed specification.
The company agreed to pay a total consideration of (USD |
| (v) | The balance of prepaid technical support and maintenance fee consists as following:
On October 10, 2024, the Company entered into a service partnership agreement (the “Partnership Agreement”) with Octagram Investment Limited (“OCTA”), a Malaysian company, to establish a strategic partnership pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in this Partnership Agreement. Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, OCTA shall design, develop and deliver mini-game modules to be integrated into the ZCity App, an E-Commerce platform owned by the Company. In addition, OCTA shall customize the mini-game modules based on the Company’s detailed specification. The Company agreed to pay a total consideration of (USD
On October 29, 2024, the Company entered into a service agreement with V Gallant Sdn Bhd (“V Gallant”), a Malaysian company, to provide generative AI solutions and AI digital human technology services. On March 24, 2025, the Company entered into a supplemental agreement with V Gallant to amend the above-mentioned service agreement to require V Gallant to provide and manage GPU servers, network infrastructure, cloud integration, security measures, AI tools, and user environments to support AI cloud infrastructure. As of September 30, 2025, the Company recorded $ |
| (vi) | The balance of other receivable mainly consists as following:
On May 24, 2024, the Company has disposed all of its equity interest in Foodlink and its subsidiaries Morgan and for a consideration of $ |
| (vii) | The balance of prepaid investment consists as following:
On February 11, 2025, TADAA Ventures, entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) with Amystic Commerce Sdn Bhd (“Amystic”), a private company incorporated in Malaysia. Pursuant to the SPA, TADAA Ventures will acquire |
20
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Movements of provision for other receivables’ estimated credit loss are as follows:
| As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Addition | ||||||||
| Exchange rate effect | ||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 6 – Prepayments
| As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Deposits to suppliers | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 7 – Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consist of the following:
| As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Computer and office equipment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvement | ||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation expense for the three months ended
September 30, 2025 and 2024 were amounted to $
Note 8 – Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following:
| As of September 30, | As of June 30, | |||||||
| 2025 | 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Internal use software development | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: Impairment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total intangible assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Amortization expense for the three months ended
of September 30, 2025 and 2024 was amounted to $
21
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table sets forth the Company’s amortization expense for the next five years ending:
| Amortization | ||||
| expenses | ||||
| Twelve months ending September 30, 2026 | $ | |||
| Twelve months ending September 30, 2027 | ||||
| Twelve months ending September 30, 2028 | ||||
| Twelve months ending September 30, 2029 | ||||
| Twelve months ending September 30, 2030 | ||||
| Total | $ | |||
Note 9 – Investment in marketable securities
On July 19, 2023 (“Commencement Date”),
the Company entered into a software developing agreement (“Developing Agreement”) with VCI Global Limited (“VCI”),
an unrelated third party for collaboration and co-operating in the development of an artificial intelligence powered travel platform,
the (“Platform”). Pursuant to the Software Development Agreement, VCI shall remit payment of cash in $
Movements in investment in marketable securities are as follows:
| At fair value | As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | ||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Net loss recognized for the year | ( | ) | ||||||
| Disposal | ( | ) | ||||||
| Closing balance | $ | $ | ||||||
For the three months ended September 30, 2025,
the Company did recognized any unrealized gain/loss on marketable equity security. For the three months ended September 30, 2024,
unrealized loss on marketable equity securities were $
Note 10 – Loans and notes
Insurance loan
In February 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with First Insurance Funding, to obtain a short-term loan (“Insurance
loan 1”) of $
For the three months ended September 30, 2025
and 2024, interest expenses pertained to the insurance loans amounted to $
22
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11 – Other payables and accrued liabilities
| As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Accrued professional fees (i) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued payroll | ||||||||
| Accrued interest | ||||||||
| Payables to merchant from ZCITY platform (ii) | ||||||||
| Provision for share-based compensation adjustment (iii) | ||||||||
| Others | ||||||||
| Total other payables and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| (i) | |
| (ii) | |
| (iii) | Provision for share-based compensation adjustment
|
Note 12 – Related party balances and transactions
Related party balances
Other receivable, a related party
| Name of related party | Relationship | Nature | As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | ||||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||
| Ezytronic Sdn Bhd | $ | $ | ||||||||||
Other payables, related parties
| Name of Related Party | Relationship | Nature | As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | ||||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||
| Ezytronic Sdn Bhd | ||||||||||||
23
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Related party loan
On December 7, 2020, the Company obtained right
of use of a vehicle through signing a trust of deed with Chan Chong “Sam” Teo, the Chief Executive Officer and a shareholder
of TGL. In return, the Company is obligated to remit monthly installment auto loan payment related to this vehicle on behalf of the
related party mentioned above. The total amount of loan that the Company is entitled to repay is approximately $
The interest expense was $
Related party transactions
Operating expenses from related parties
| Name of Related Party | Relationship | Nature | For the three months Ended September 30, 2025 | For the three months September 30, | ||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Ezytronic Sdn Bhd | ||||||||||||
Note 13 – Stockholders’ deficiency
Common stock
Prior to October 2021, TGL is authorized to issue
Reverse stock split
On April 7, 2025, the Company effected a
All shares and per share amounts used herein and in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively stated to reflect the effect of the April 2025 Split.
24
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Common stock issued from the Marketing Offering, net of issuance costs
On March 22, 2024, the Company and H.C. Wainwright& Co., LLC, (the “Manager”) entered into a marketing offering agreement (“Marketing Offering Agreement”). Pursuant to the Marketing Offering Agreement, the Company intends to issue and sell through or to the Manager, as sales agent and / or principal from time to time of the Company’s common stock at the Market Offering.
As of September 30, 2025, the Company received
an aggregated net proceed of approximately $
Common stock issued under Share Purchase Agreement
On October 10, 2024, the Company entered into
a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Alumni Capital LP (“Alumni Capital”),
a Delaware limited partnership which was subsequently amended by the Modification Agreement on January 21, 2025. Pursuant to the Purchase
Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation to cause Alumni Capital to purchase up to $
In consideration for Alumni Capital’s execution
and performance under the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Alumni Capital a purchase warrant dated October 10, 2024 (the “Purchase
Warrant”), with a term of three (3) years, to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to ten percent (
As of September 30, 2025, Alumni Capital had purchased
approximately $
As of June 30, 2025, Alumni Capital had purchased approximately $
Common stock issued under Subscription Agreement
On November 27, 2024, the Company entered into
a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with certain investors (the “Investors”). Pursuant to
the Subscription Agreement, the Investors agreed to invest an aggregate amount of $
25
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Common stock issued for acquiring intangible assets
- Credilab Sdn. Bhd. Bhd (“CLSB”)
On September 20, 2024, the Company entered into a Partnership Agreement with CLSB. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company and CLSB will establish a strategic partnership to leverage their respective core competencies, resources, and market expertise to drive mutual benefits and growth.
As part of the Partnership Agreement, the Company
agreed to pay $
The Company has sole discretion to choose whether
to make the payment in cash and/or the equivalent value in the Company’s common stock. On September 20, 2024, the Company issued
- Octagram Investment Limited
On October 10, 2024, the Company entered into
a service partnership agreement (the “Partnership Agreement”) with Octagram Investment Limited (“OCTA”), a Malaysian
company, to establish a strategic partnership pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in this Partnership Agreement. Pursuant to
the Partnership Agreement, OCTA shall design, develop and deliver mini-game modules to be integrated into the ZCity App, an E-Commerce
platform owned by the Company. In addition, OCTA shall customize the mini-game modules based on the Company’s detailed specification.
The company agreed to pay a total consideration of (USD
- V Gallant Sdn Bhd
On October 29, 2024, the Company entered into
a certain service agreement (the “Agreement”) with V GALLANT SDN BHD (“V Gallant”), a private company incorporated
in Malaysia. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company engaged V Gallant for its generative AI solutions and AI digital human technology
services (the “Services”) in accordance with the terms and conditions therein. The Company agreed to pay V Gallant a total
consideration of USD
On March 28, 2025, the Company and VGallant amended
the Agreement to clarify the payment structure and to reflect the valuation of shares more accurately. Under the amended terms, the Company
has sole discretion to settle the service fees in cash and/or through the issuance of shares. The fees are to be paid in two tranches:
(i) a down payment of $
26
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Warrants
- Issuance of Alumni Capital warrants
In consideration for Alumni Capital’s
execution and performance under the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Alumni Capital a purchase warrant dated October
10, 2024 for a term of three (3) years (the “Purchase Warrant”), to purchase up to a number of common
stock equal to ten percent (
As of September 30, 2025, Alumni Capital had purchased
approximately $
The Company records the fair value of the Purchase
Warrants as a derivative liability at inception and recognized the changes in the values of these instruments in the unaudited condensed
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as “change in fair value of derivative liabilities”. For the
three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the change in fair value of derivative liabilities amounted to $
The fair value of the warrants issued to Alumni
Capital which was determined on grant dates by using the Black Scholes model using the following assumptions: (1) expected volatility
of
The fair value of the warrants issued to Alumni
Capital which was determined on June 30, 2025 by using the Black Scholes model using the following assumptions: (1) expected volatility
of
The fair value of the warrants issued to Alumni
Capital which was determined on September 30, 2025 by using the Black Scholes model using the following assumptions: (1) expected
volatility of
27
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:
| Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price* | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at June 30, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||
| Adjustment* | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||
| Adjustment* | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at September 30, 2025 (Unaudited) | $ | |||||||||||
| * |
Exercised of Alumni Capital warrants
On June 5, 2025, Alumni Capital exercised the
Alumni Capital warrants to purchase
On June 5, 2025, Alumni Capital exercised the
Alumni Capital warrants on “cashless” basis while the Company’s had issued
Upon exercise of above-mentioned warrants, the
Company reduced the fair value of Alumni Capital warrants and increased the additional paid in capital by $
Employee stock compensation
In June 2024, the Company executed executive employment
agreements (“Employment Agreements”) with three individuals, appointing them as the Company’s executive officers. Under
the terms of the Employment Agreements, each executive officer is entitled to receive a predetermined monetary value of the Company’s
common stock as annual compensation for the first year, with stock compensation for subsequent years contingent upon performance. The
stock compensation is prorated on a monthly basis and is subject to the restrictions of Securities Act Rule 144. For the three months
ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized $
Non-employee stock compensation
On August 1, 2025, the Company entered into a Consultant Service Agreement
with Mr. Tan Wei Sheng (“Consultant”), pursuant to which the Consultant will provide strategic advisory services related to
the Company’s capital market activities, investor engagement, and business strategies. Under the terms of the agreement, the Consultant
is entitled to a monthly fee of $
28
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 14 – Income taxes
The United States and foreign components of income (loss) before income taxes were comprised of the following:
| For the three months ended | ||||||||
| September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Tax jurisdictions from: | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||
| - Local – United States | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| - Foreign – Malaysia | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss before income tax | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
| For the three months ended | ||||||||
| September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Tax jurisdictions from: | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||
| - Local – United States | $ | $ | ||||||
| - Foreign – Malaysia | ||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
United States of America
TGL was incorporated in the State of Delaware
and is subject to the tax laws of the United States of America. As of September 30, 2025, the operations in the United States of America
incurred $
TGL also subject to controlled foreign corporations
Subpart F income (“Subpart F”) tax, which is a tax primarily on passive income from controlled foreign corporations with a
tax rate of
For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries did not generate any income that are subject to Subpart F tax and GILTI tax.
Malaysia
TADAA Technologies and TADAA Ventures are
governed by the income tax laws of Malaysia and the income tax provision in respect of operations in Malaysia is calculated at the
applicable tax rates on the taxable income for the periods based on existing legislation, interpretations and practices in respect
thereof. Under the Income Tax Act of Malaysia, enterprises that incorporated in Malaysia are usually subject to a unified
29
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table sets forth the significant components of the aggregate deferred tax assets of the Company as of:
| As of September 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
| Net operating loss carry forwards in U.S. | $ | $ | ||||||
| Net operating loss carry forwards in Malaysia | ||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ||||||||
| Long-live assets impairment | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: valuation allowance* | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Deferred tax assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
Uncertain tax positions
The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, the Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions. The Company did not incur interest and penalties tax for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Note 15 – Concentrations of risks
| (a) | Major customers |
For the three months ended September 30, 2025, no
customer accounted for 10.0% or more of the Company’s total revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, one customer
accounted for approximately
As of September 30, 2025, two customers account for approximately
| (b) | Major vendors |
For the three months ended September 30, 2025,
one vendors accounted for approximately
As of September 30, 2025, three vendors
accounted for approximately
30
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| (c) | Credit risk |
Financial instruments that potentially subject
the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash. As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, $
Financial instruments that are potentially subject to credit risk consist principally of accounts receivable and other receivables. The Company believes the concentration of credit risk in its accounts receivable and other receivables is substantially mitigated by its ongoing credit evaluation process and relatively short collection terms. The Company does not generally require collateral from customers. The Company evaluates the need for an provision for estimated credit losses based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information.
| (d) | Exchange rate risk |
The Company cannot guarantee that the current exchange rate will remain steady; therefore, there is a possibility that the Company could post the same amount of profit for two comparable periods and because of the fluctuating exchange rate actually post higher or lower profit depending on exchange rate of RM converted to US$ on that date. The exchange rate could fluctuate depending on changes in political and economic environments without notice.
Note 16 – Leases
As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, the Company has engaged in multiple offices leases which were classified as operating leases.
The Company occupies various offices under operating lease agreements with a term shorter than twelve months which it elected not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities under ASC 842. Instead, the Company recognized the lease payments in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term and variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.
The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The Company recognized lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating lease.
Operating lease expense for the three months ended
September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $
As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, the
weighted-average lease term is
The Company’s lease agreements do not contain
any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
| September 30, 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | $ | |||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total undiscounted lease payments | ||||
| Less imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | |||
31
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 17 – Segment information
The Company’s operating segments have been
identified based on the way management organizes the business by the nature of services provided to customers and how the Chief Operating
Decision Maker (“CODM”) manages the business and allocates resources. The CODM for the Company is its .
The Company has
The accounting policies applied to each segment are consistent with those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company evaluates segment performance based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes. Intersegment sales and transfers are accounted for as if the transactions were made with third parties, using current market prices.
The Company’s reportable segments represent strategic business units that offer different products and services and are managed separately due to their distinct operational and marketing requirements.
The following tables summarize the Company’s segment information for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| ZCITY Platform | Customized Software development service | Total | ||||||||||
| Revenue from external customers | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||||||||
| Segment gross profit | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||
| Advertising | ||||||||||||
| Payment transaction fee | ||||||||||||
| Other marketing expense | ||||||||||||
| Salaries | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||
| Office expense | ||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||||||
| Segment (loss) income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Reconciliation of profit or loss | ||||||||||||
| Less: Unallocated amounts | ||||||||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||||||
| D&O insurance | ||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | ||||||||||||
| Other corporate expenses | ||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Net loss before income taxes | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||
32
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| ZCITY Platform | Customized Software development service | Total | ||||||||||
| Revenue from external customers | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| - | ||||||||||||
| Less: | - | |||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||||||||
| Segment gross profit | ||||||||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||
| Advertising | ||||||||||||
| Payment transaction fee | ||||||||||||
| Other marketing expense | ||||||||||||
| Salaries | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||
| Office expense | ||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||
| Unrealized holding loss on marketable securities | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||||||
| Segment loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| Reconciliation of profit or loss | ||||||||||||
| Less: Unallocated amounts | ||||||||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||||||
| D&O insurance | ||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | ||||||||||||
| Other corporate expenses | ||||||||||||
| Net loss before income taxes | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||
Other Significant Items:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
||||||||||||
| ZCITY Platform |
Customized Software development service |
Total | ||||||||||
| Capital expenditure | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
||||||||||||
| ZCITY Platform |
Customized Software development service |
Total | ||||||||||
| Capital expenditure | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s
total assets were comprised of $
As of June 30, 2025, the Company’s total
assets were comprised of $
33
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 18 – Commitments and contingencies
Contingencies
Legal
From time to time, the Company is party to certain legal proceedings, as well as certain asserted and un-asserted claims. Amounts accrued, as well as the total amount of reasonably possible losses with respect to such matters, individually and in the aggregate, are not deemed to be material to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 19 – Subsequent Events
The Company evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after September 30, 2025 up through November 14, 2025, the date the Company issued these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
On February 11, 2025, TADAA Ventures entered
into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Amystic Commerce Sdn. Bhd., a company incorporated in Malaysia
(the “Vendor”). Pursuant to the Agreement, TADAA Ventures will acquire
On October 7, 2025, the Company entered into a
subscription agreement (the “Agreement”) with two Malaysian individuals, Chuah Su Chen and the Company’s director Chan
Meng Chun (together with Chuah Su Chen, the “Investors”). Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement,
the Company desires to issue and sell to each Investor, and each Investor desires to subscribe for, an aggregate amount of USD
34
TREASURE GLOBAL INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
On October 21, 2025, the Company entered into
a service agreement (the “Service Agreement”) with Weshare Management SDN BHD (the “Service Provider”) to engage
the Service Provider for the provision of certain services (“Services 3”), as defined therein. The Service Agreement commenced
on October 21, 2025 (the “Effective Date”) and will remain in force for two years unless frustrated, rescinded, or terminated
in accordance with Clause 12, with both parties permitted to engage in commercial negotiations from time to time and document any mutually
agreed amendments in writing; upon expiration, the Company may, at its discretion, renew the term for one year subject to written agreement,
in which case all terms and conditions shall apply mutatis mutandis unless otherwise agreed. In consideration for the performance of Services
3, the Company agreed to pay US$
On October 22, 2025, the Company entered into
a sale and purchase agreement with Nexe Cloud Limited (the “Vendor”), a British Virgin Islands company, pursuant to which
the Vendor agreed to sell and the Company agreed to purchase an AI server (the “Product”) as specified in Schedule 1. The
agreement commenced on October 22, 2025 and remains valid until all obligations are completed, including delivery, acceptance, and payment,
unless terminated in writing or due to breach. In consideration for the Vendor’s performance and the sale of the Product, the Company
agreed to pay a total purchase price of US$
On October 24, 2025, the Company entered into
a marketing consultancy agreement with Pepe Cemerlang Marketing (the “Consultant”), a Malaysian company (the “Marketing
Consultancy Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company engaged the Consultant to provide financial advisory, strategic business
planning, investor and public relations services (the “Services”) in accordance to the terms and conditioned set forth therein.
The Marketing Consultancy Agreement shall commence from October 24, 2025 and remain in force for a period twelve (12) months unless otherwise
frustrated, rescinded and/or terminated in accordance to Clause 8 of the Marketing Consultancy Agreement provided that both parties shall
be opened to commercial negotiations from time to time pertaining to the contents of the Marketing Consultancy Agreement whereby should
any such negotiation materialize. In consideration of the performance of the Consultant of its obligations, and the provision of the Services
pursuant to this Agreement, subject to the Company’s satisfaction of the deliverables as stipulated in Clause 4 on the Marketing
Consultancy Agreement, the Company shall pay to the Consultant a total sum of $
On October 27, 2025, the Company entered into
an agreement with Astute All Advisory Ltd. (“Service Provider”) to provide management consultancy and business-strategy services.
Under the agreement, the Service Provider will offer advice and support as outlined therein, but will not be involved in the Company’s
daily operations nor provide financial, legal, or tax advice. The term of the agreement is 24 months from the commencement date, with
the possibility of amendment if both parties agree in writing. Both parties are expected to act in good faith and to comply with all applicable
laws and the Company’s policies. On the same date, the Company issued
In October 2025, the Company issued
In October 2025, the Company adopted its 2025
Equity Incentive Plan (“EIP”) to attract, retain, and motivate key employees, officers, directors, and consultants by providing
equity-based incentives aligned with the interests of the Company’s stockholders. From October 2025 to November 2025, the Company
issued an aggregate total of
On November 10, 2025, the Company entered into
a service agreement with Myviko Holding Sdn Bhd to provide certain digital currency–related services. In connection with the agreement,
the Company agreed to pay a total service fee of US$
From October 2025 to November 2025, Alumni Capital
had purchased $
From October 2025 to November 2025, an aggregate
total of
35
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read together with our unaudited condensed financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included elsewhere in this Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2025 (the “Annual Report”) filed with the SEC. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
Overview
Treasure Global Inc is a holding company incorporated on March 20, 2020, under the laws of the State of Delaware. TGL has no substantive operations other than holding all of the outstanding shares of TADAA Technologies Sdn. Bhd. (“TADAA Technologies”), (formerly known as ZCity Sdn Bhd and Gem Reward Sdn. Bhd, underwent a name change on July 31, 2025 and July 20, 2023, respectively) and TADAA Ventures Sdn. Bhd. (formerly known as VWXYZ Venture Sdn Bhd, underwent a name change on July 29, 2025). It was originally established under the laws of the Malaysia on June 6, 2017, through a reverse recapitalization.
Prior to March 11, 2021, TGL and TADAA Technologies were separate companies under the common control of Kok Pin “Darren,” Tan which resulted from Mr. Tan’s prior 100% ownership of TGL and his prior 100% voting and investment control over TADAA Technologies pursuant to the Beneficial Shareholding Agreements. For a more detailed description of the Beneficial Shareholding Agreements and Mr. Tan’s common control over TGL and TADAA Technologies see Part I, Item 1. “Business – Corporate Structure.”
On March 11, 2021, TGL and TADAA Technologies were reorganized into a parent subsidiary structure pursuant to the Share Swap Agreement in which TGL exchanged the swap shares for all of the issued and outstanding equity of TADAA Technologies. Pursuant to the Share Swap Agreement, the purchase and sale of the swap shares was completed on March 11, 2021, but the issuance of the swap shares did not occur until October 27, 2021 when TGL amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of its authorized common stock to a number that was sufficient to issue the swap shares. As a result of the Share Swap Agreement, (i) TADAA Technologies became the 100% subsidiary of TGL and Kok Pin “Darren” Tan no longer had any control over the TADAA Technologies ordinary shares and (ii) Kok Pin “Darren” Tan the Initial TADAA Technologies Stockholders and Chong Chan “Sam” Teo owned 100% of the shares of TGL common stock (Kok Pin “Darren” Tan owning approximately 97%). Subsequent to the date of the Share Swap Agreement, Kok Pin “Darren” Tan transferred 9,529,002 of his 10,000,000 shares of TGL common stock to 16 individuals and entities and currently owns less than 5% of our common stock.
-TADAA Technologies Operation
We have created an innovative online-to-offline e-commerce platform business model offering consumers and merchants instant rebates and affiliate cashback programs, while providing a seamless e-payment solution with rebates in both e-commerce (i.e., online) and physical retailers/merchant (i.e., offline) settings.
Our proprietary product is an application branded “ZCITY App,” which was developed through TADAA Technologies. The ZCITY App was successfully launched in Malaysia on June 2020. TADAA Technologies is equipped with the know-how and expertise to develop additional/add-on technology-based products and services to complement the ZCITY App, thereby growing its reach and user base.
Through simplifying a user’s e-payment gateway experience, as well as by providing great deals, rewards and promotions with every use, we aim to make the ZCITY App Malaysia’s top reward and loyalty platform. Our longer-term goal is for the ZCITY App and its ever-developing technology to become one of the most well-known commercialized applications more broadly in Southeast Asia and Japan. As of November 10, 2025, we had 2,708,782 registered users and 2,027 registered merchants.
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Southeast Asia (“SEA”) consumers have access to a plethora of smart ordering, delivery and “loyalty” websites and apps, but in our experience, SEA consumers very rarely receive personalized deals based on their purchases and behavior.
The ZCITY App targets consumer through the provision of personalized deals based on consumers’ purchase history, location and preferences. Our technology platform allows us to identify the spending trends of our customers (the when, where, why, and how much). We are able to offer these personalized deals through the application of our proprietary artificial intelligence (or “AI”) technology that scours the available database to identify and create opportunities to extrapolate the greatest value from the data, analyze consumer behavior and roll out attractive rewards-based campaigns for targeted audiences. We believe this AI technology is currently a unique market differentiator for the ZCITY App.
We operate our ZCITY App on the hashtag: “#RewardsOnRewards.” We believe this branding demonstrates to users the ability to spend ZCITY App-based Reward Points (or “RP”) and “ZCITY Cash Vouchers” with discount benefits at checkout. Additionally, users can earn rewards from selected e-Wallet or other payment methods.
ZCITY App users do not require any on-going credit top-up or need to provide bank card number with their binding obligations. We have partnered with Malaysia’s leading payment gateway, iPay88, for secure and convenient transactions. Users can use our secure platform and enjoy cashless shopping experiences with rebates when they shop with e-commerce and retail merchants through trusted and leading e-wallet providers such as Touch’n Go eWallet, Boost eWallet, GrabPay eWallet and credit card/online banking like the “FPX” (the Malaysian Financial Process Exchange) as well as more traditional providers such as Visa and Mastercard.
-Customized Software development service
During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company initiated a new revenue stream in the ordinary course of business by offering customized software development services, primarily targeting enterprise clients. As of January 2025, we have entered into a new service partnership with Reveillon Group Limited to design, develop, and implement a comprehensive digital system. This initiative involves the creation of integrated modules focused on improving administrative processes, data analysis, and user engagement. The system is being built with scalability, customization, and long-term performance in mind, ensuring it meets evolving business needs. This collaboration underscores our ongoing commitment to delivering robust and adaptable digital solutions across various industries. The project is scheduled for completion within 12 months of the agreement’s start date.
Recent Development
- Corporate Development
On February 11, 2025, we signed a share purchase agreement to acquire a 51% stake in Tien Ming Distribution Sdn Bhd to expand FMCG fulfilment and logistics capabilities. The transaction is expected to be terminated following the lack of control or significant influence over Tien Ming Distribution Sdn Bhd and no business combination was recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2025.
- Reverse Stock Splits
On April 7, 2025, the Company effected a 1:50 reverse stock split of its shares of common stock (“April 2025 split”).
We believed it is appropriate to reflect the above transactions on a retroactive basis similar to those after a stock split or dividend pursuant to ASC 260. All shares and per share amounts used herein Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations have been retroactively stated to reflect the effect of the April 2025 Split.
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- Financing Development
On March 22, 2024, we entered into a marketing offering agreement (“Marketing Offering Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, (the “Manager”). Pursuant to the Marketing Offering Agreement, the Company intends to issue and sell through or to the Manager, as sales agent and / or principal from time to time of the Company’s common stock at the Market Offering. As of September 30, 2025, we have received an aggregated net proceed of approximately $2.9 million, net of broker fee from issuance of 33,566 shares of common stock which sell through or to the Manager.
On October 10, 2024, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Alumni Capital LP (“Alumni Capital”), a Delaware limited partnership which was subsequently amended by the Modification Agreement on January 21, 2025. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation to cause Alumni Capital to purchase up to $50,000,000 common stock, par value $0.00001 (the “Commitment Amount”), at certain purchase Price during the period beginning on the execution date of the Purchase Agreement and ending on the earlier of (i) the date on which Alumni Capital has purchased $50,000,000 of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or (ii) December 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, Alumni Capital has purchased aggregated total of 6,668,680 shares of our common stock, while we received an aggregated net proceed of approximately $15.2 million..
On November 27, 2024, we entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with certain investors (the “Investors”). Pursuant to the Subscription Agreement, the Investors agreed to invest an aggregate amount of $1,177,000 (the “Investment Amount”) into us for 71,333 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Offered Shares”), par value $0.00001 at a negotiated purchase price of $16.5 (the “Offering”). As of September 30, 2025, the Company has issued 71,333 shares of Offered Shares to the Investors and received aggregate net proceed of approximately $1.2 million.
-Business Development
Since July 2024, we formalized agreements to develop and implement a Smart Campus System at ELMU University in Nilai, Malaysia. Leveraging our expertise in infrastructure management, we worked with ELMU University to deploy an automated smart campus system that will enhance resource management across the campus, with a strong focus on optimizing electricity usage through integrated software and hardware solutions. During fiscal 2025, following further discussions on program priorities and timing, the parties concluded the engagement. We have ceased work and demobilized. No further performance obligation remains under this engagement.
Since September 2024, we have been driving the development of credit services within the ZCity App through a strategic partnership with Credilab Sdn Bhd (“CLSB”). We are in the midst of facilitating the integration of CLSB’s credit services platform into the ZCity App and developing the customer base for these services. Through the partnership, we intend to collaborate on the creation of a digital wallet, AI-driven chatbot, and customer support systems. The collaboration is designed to drive user engagement and enhance the overall credit services offering within the ZCity App ecosystem. The partnership is scheduled to conclude on September 19, 2029, during which CLSB has also granted TGL a non-exclusive right to use its brand in marketing materials for five years.
Since October 2024, we have been advancing our user engagement strategy by partnering with Octagram Investment Limited (“OCTA”) to develop and integrate mini-game modules into the ZCity App. We have worked closely with OCTA to design and customize these interactive modules, ensuring they align with our specifications for game mechanics, branding, and user experience. The integration is optimized for cross-platform compatibility and smooth performance across devices, as well as ensuring ongoing support and timely updates, maintaining the seamless functionality of the mini-games with future ZCity App updates. We believe that this initiative is key to enhancing the app’s interactive features and driving user engagement.
In October 2024, we have also been developing a cutting-edge Live Streaming Platform enhanced by AI Digital Human Solutions by partnering with V Gallant Sdn Bhd. We will be overseeing the customization of the platform to meet specific requirements, ensuring seamless integration with third-party platforms and optimizing performance across devices. Ongoing support and updates will also be prioritized to maintain consistent functionality. This initiative is central to our efforts to expand our interactive streaming capabilities and elevate user experiences. The development is scheduled to be completed on December 31, 2025.
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On October 29, 2024, we entered into a service agreement with V Gallant Sdn Bhd to provide generative AI solutions and AI digital human technology services. On March 24, 2025, we executed a supplemental letter expanding the scope of that agreement to require V Gallant to provide and manage GPU servers, network infrastructure, cloud integration, security measures, AI tools, and user environments to support AI cloud infrastructure.
On March 24, 2025, we executed a supplemental letter expanding the scope of that agreement to require V Gallant to provide and manage GPU servers, network infrastructure, cloud integration, security measures, AI tools, and user environments to support AI cloud infrastructure. During fiscal 2025 we advanced software and AI infrastructure development.
Key Factors that Affect Operating Results
We believe the key factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations include the following:
Our Ability to Create Value for Our Users and Generate Revenue
Our ability to create value for our users and generate our revenues from merchants is driven by the factors described below:
Number and volume of transactions completed by our consumers.
Consumers are attracted to TADAA Technologies by the breadth of personalized deals/rewards and the interactive user experience our platform offers. The number and volume of transaction completed by our member consumers is affected by our ability to continue to enhance and expand our product and service offerings and improve the user experience.
Empowering data and technology.
Our ability to engage our member consumers and empower our merchants and their brands is affected by the breadth and depth of our data insights, such as the accuracy of our members’ shopping preferences, and our technology capabilities and infrastructure, and our continued ability to develop scalable services and upgrade our platform user experience to adapt to the quickly evolving industry trends and consumer preferences.
Our Investment in User Base, Technology, People and Infrastructure
We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in our platform to attract consumers and merchants, enhance user experience and expand the capabilities and scope of our platform. We expect to continue to invest in our research and development team as well as in our technology capabilities and infrastructure, which will lower our margins but deliver overall long-term growth.
Inflation
Although Malaysia is experiencing a high inflation rate, we do not believe that inflation has had a material adverse effect on our business as September 30, 2025, but we will continue to monitor the effects of inflation on our business in future periods.
Supply Chain Disruptions
Although there have been Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine and the 2023 Middle East conflicts that may have affected the operations of some of our online and offline merchants, these disruptions have not had a material adverse effect on our business as of September 30, 2025, but we will continue to monitor the effects of above mentioned disruptions on our business in future periods.
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Key Operating Metrics
Our management regularly reviews a number of metrics to evaluate our business, measures our performance, identifies trends, formulates financial projections and makes strategic decisions. The main metrics we consider, and our results for last five quarters, are set forth in the table below:
| For the Quarters Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, | December 31, | March 31, | June 30, | September 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of new registered user (1) | 293 | 2,016 | 1,467 | 88 | 517 | |||||||||||||||
| Number of active users (2) | 25,216 | 21,734 | 10,647 | 4,887 | 4,378 | |||||||||||||||
| Number of new participating merchants | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | Registered are persons who have registered on the ZCITY App. |
| (2) | Active users are users who have logged into the ZCITY App at least once. |
| As of | As of | As of | As of | As of | ||||||||||||||||
| September 30, | December 31, | March 31, | June 30, | September 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated registered users | 2,704,482 | 2,706,498 | 2,707,965 | 2,708,053 | 2,708,570 | |||||||||||||||
| Accumulated Participating merchants | 2,027 | 2,027 | 2,027 | 2,027 | 2,027 | |||||||||||||||
We have experienced a decrease in growth rate in registered users, and a decline of active users over our last five quarters as of September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, we recorded 2,708,570 registered users and 4,378 active users on the ZCITY platform. On average, our registered user base has grown by approximately 0.1% over the past five quarters, while our active user numbers have experienced an average decrease of 27.1%.
The decline in growth of registered users and active users over the past five quarters, as of September 30, 2025, is primarily attributed to reduced E-voucher purchases from our vendor, resulting in fewer E-vouchers available for sale. Additionally, we’ve implemented reductions in marketing spending and customer rewards to enhance cost-effectiveness and operational profitability. Consequently, this has led to a decrease in new user registrations and lower retention rates among active users on our ZCITY platform.
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We continuously monitor the development and participation of active users as a proportion of its total registered user base to ensure the effectiveness of our marketing and feature implantation strategies. Accordingly, the proportion of total registered users that we consider active users at the end last five quarters as of September 30, 2025 is as follows:
| Starting | Ending | Total registered users | Total active users | Total active users to total registered users | ||||||||||
| July 1, 2024 | September 30, 2024 | 2,704,482 | 25,216 | 0.9 | % | |||||||||
| October 1, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | 2,706,498 | 21,734 | 0.8 | % | |||||||||
| January 1, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | 2,707,965 | 10,647 | 0.4 | % | |||||||||
| April 1, 2025 | June 30, 2025 | 2,708,053 | 4,887 | 0.2 | % | |||||||||
| July 1, 2025 | September 30, 2025 | 2,708,570 | 4,378 | 0.2 | % | |||||||||
We continuously monitor the development of the churn and retention rates of the active user base. Active users churn rate is the percentage of customers who had stop subscribing in our platform while retention rate is the percentage of customers who is retained in our platform. Accordingly, our churn and retention rates of the active user base at the end of last five quarters as of September 30, 2025 is as follows:
| Starting | Ending | Total active users | New active users (registered within the quarter) | Existing active users | Active users churn rate | Active users retention rate | ||||||||||||||||
| July 1, 2024 | September 30, 2024 | 25,216 | 3,293 | 21,923 | 18.3 | % | 81.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
| October 1, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | 21,734 | 2,016 | 19,718 | 21.8 | % | 78.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| January 1, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | 10,647 | 1,467 | 9,180 | 57.8 | % | 42.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| April 1, 2025 | June 30, 2025 | 4,887 | 88 | 4,799 | 54.9 | % | 45.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| July 1, 2025 | September 30, 2025 | 4,378 | 517 | 3,861 | 21.0 | % | 79.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
The retention rate and churn rate for our active users are calculated as follows:
| Retention rate of active users for any quarter | = | Existing active users |
| Total active users in the past quarter |
| Churn rate of active users for any quarter | = | Total active users from past quarter minus current quarter existing active users |
| Total active users in the past quarter |
We have used different strategies to build and maintain our users and increase their engagement. Initially, we focused on mass marketing strategies to attract registered users. Subsequently, we have shifted to a more targeted approach focused on increasing user engagement and user spending.
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Results of Operation
For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
Revenue
Our breakdown of revenues by categories for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, is summarized below:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | % | 2024 | % | % | ||||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Product and loyalty program revenue | $ | 181,519 | 99.4 | % | $ | 81,745 | 39.4 | % | 122.1 | % | ||||||||||
| Transaction revenue | 1,008 | 0.6 | % | 43,080 | 20.8 | % | (97.7 | )% | ||||||||||||
| Member subscription revenue | - | - | % | 82,546 | 39.8 | % | (100.0 | )% | ||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 182,527 | 100.0 | % | $ | 207,371 | 100 | % | (12.0 | )% | ||||||||||
Total revenues decreased by approximately $25,000 or 12.0% to approximately $183,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from approximately $207,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was mainly attributable to the decrease in transaction revenue and member subscription revenue offset by increase in revenue from product and loyalty program revenue.
Product and loyalty program revenue
Product revenue was generated through sales of our e-voucher, health care products and other products through our ZCITY platform while loyalty program revenue was recognized when our customers redeem their previously earned reward points from our loyalty program or upon expiration of the reward point. The product and loyalty program revenue increased by approximately $0.1 million or 122.1% to approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from approximately $0.1 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was driven primarily by higher demand for our e-voucher product, which resulted in increased sales volume.
Transaction revenue
Transaction revenue primarily consists of fees charged to merchants for participating in our ZCITY platform upon successful sales and service transactions, as well as for payment services facilitated between merchants and their customers online. In addition, transaction revenue includes fees earned through our recent partnership with Credilab Sdn. Bhd. (“CLSB”), a third-party credit services provider. Under that agreement, we refer our portfolio clients from TADAA Technologies Sdn. Bhd. (ZCITY’s operating subsidiary) to CLSB’s credit service platform; in return CLSB pays us a transaction fee for each successful transaction and agrees to share 50 % of the revenue derived from those portfolio clients.
Our transaction revenue decreased by 97.7%, to approximately $1,000 for the for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to approximately $43,000 for the same period in 2024. This decline was mainly due to less usage from merchants on our ZCITY platform and reduced transaction volume resulting from fewer successful referrals through our partnership with CLSB.
Member subscription revenue
Member subscription revenue primarily consists of fees charged to customers who sign up for Zmember, our membership program that offers exclusive savings, bonuses, and referral rewards. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, member subscription revenue decreased by 100% to approximately $0, from approximately $83,000 for the same period in 2024. The decrease was primarily due to we experienced slowdown in acquiring new customers to participate in our Zmember program. As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, we had 27,620 customers who subscribed to our Zmember program.
Cost of revenue
Our breakdown of cost of revenue by categories for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, is summarized below:
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, | Change | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | % | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Product and loyalty program revenue | $ | 181,241 | $ | 35,199 | 414.9 | % | ||||||
| Total cost of revenue | $ | 181,241 | $ | 35,199 | 414.9 | % | ||||||
Cost of revenue primarily consists of purchases of gift cards or “E-voucher” PIN codes, and healthcare products, which are directly attributable to our product revenue. Total cost of revenue increased by approximately $0.1 million, or 414.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. The increase was mainly due to increase of product and loyalty program revenue and higher product cost.
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Gross profit
Our gross profit from our major revenue categories is summarized as follows:
For
the | For the September 30, | Change | Percentage Change | |||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||
| Product and loyalty program revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 278 | $ | 46,546 | $ | (46,268 | ) | (99.4 | )% | |||||||
| Gross margin | 0.2 | % | 56.9 | % | (56.7 | )% | ||||||||||
| Transaction revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 1,008 | $ | 43,080 | $ | (42,072 | ) | (97.7 | )% | |||||||
| Gross margin | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | - | % | ||||||||||
| Member subscription revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | - | $ | 82,546 | $ | (82,546 | ) | (100.0 | )% | |||||||
| Gross margin | - | % | 100.0 | % | (100 | )% | ||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 1,286 | $ | 172,172 | $ | (170,886 | ) | (99.3 | )% | |||||||
| Gross margin | 0.7 | % | 83.0 | % | (82.3 | )% | ||||||||||
Our gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025, amounted to approximately $1,300 as compared to approximately $172,000 for the same period in 2024, reflecting an decrease of approximately $171,000 or 99.3%. Our gross margin decreased from 83.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 0.7% for the same period in 2025, representing an decline of 82.3% in our gross margin percentage.
The decrease in gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025, was primarily attributable to decrease in revenue from traction revenue and member subscription revenue. The decrease in gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2025, was mainly attributable to decrease of gross margin from product and loyalty program revenue due to higher costs of the e-voucher products we purchased for resale.
Operating expenses
Our operating expenses consist of selling expenses, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses and stock-based compensation expenses.
Selling expenses
Selling expenses amounted to approximately $21,000 and $78,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing a decrease of approximately $57,000 or 73.2%. The decrease was mainly attributable to a decrease in marketing and promotion expense related to promoting our ZCITY platform. Marketing and promotion expense consists of redemptions of reward points which is generated from non-spending related activities (registration as a new user, referral of a new user and Spin & Win eligibility to receive reward points) in exchange for discounted credit of purchasing our products upon conversion of using the reward points. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we incurred approximately $1,000 and $21,000, respectively, in marketing and promotion expense, and recognized the same amount of product revenue at the time of redemption of the non-spending related activities reward points by our customers. The decrease in marketing and promotion expenses was primarily driven by our strategic goal to optimize the promotional activities, enhance our cost effectiveness, and increase profitability in our operations.
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General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses amounted to approximately $843,000 and $789,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing a increase of approximately $54,000 or 6.8%. The increase was driven primarily by higher costs associated with administrative functions, including incremental staffing and increased professional service fees to support our operations.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expense amounted to approximately $0.8 million and $47,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing 1,547.9% increase as we incurred more spending in A.I related infrastructure development. The increase primarily reflects costs for software engineering, cloud infrastructure and GPU-related development supporting the live-streaming/AI program described in “Business Development.”
Stock-based compensation expenses
Stock-based compensation expenses amounted to approximately $100,000 and $70,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The stock-based compensation incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, was related to compensation paid to our executive officer as part of their compensation plan and third party for professional service.
Other income (expense), net
Other expense, net, amounted to approximately $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This change was primarily attributable to (i) an increase in the loss from the change in fair value of derivative liabilities of approximately $0.4 million from issuance of warrant in connection with the Share Purchase Agreement, offset by (ii) a decrease in unrealized loss of approximately $0.1 million on marketable securities as the marketable securities were disposed during the year ended June 30, 2025.
Provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes amounted to approximately $0 and $11,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The amount was mainly attributable to tax imposed on us from the State of Delaware, as we are required to remit franchise tax to the State of Delaware on an annual basis. We also were subject to controlled foreign corporations Subpart F income (“Subpart F”) tax, which is a tax primarily on passive income from controlled foreign corporations with a tax rate of 35%. In addition, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act imposed a global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) tax, which is a tax on certain off-shore earnings at an effective rate of 10.5% for tax years (50% deduction of the current enacted tax rate of 21%) with a partial offset for 80% foreign tax credits. If the foreign tax rate is 13.125% or higher, there will be no U.S. corporate tax after the 80% foreign tax credits are applied. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, our foreign subsidiaries did not generate any income that are subject to Subpart F tax and GILTI tax.
Net loss
We generated net loss of approximately $2.0 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing a change of approximately $1.0 million. The change was primarily attributable to the factors discussed above.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
In assessing liquidity, we monitor and analyze cash on-hand and operating expenditure commitments. Our liquidity needs are to meet working capital requirements and operating expense obligations. To date, we financed our operations primarily through cash flows from contribution from stockholders, issuance of convertible notes, related party loans and our completion of initial underwritten public offering.
As of September 30, 2025, we had approximately $1.3 million, in cash and cash equivalent which primarily consists of bank deposits, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use.
On March 22, 2024, we entered into a marketing offering agreement (“Marketing Offering Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, (the “Manager”). Pursuant to the Marketing Offering Agreement, the Company intends to issue and sell through or to the Manager, as sales agent and / or principal from time to time of the Company’s common stock at the Market Offering. As of September 30, 2025, we have received an aggregated net proceed of approximately $2.9 million, net of broker fee from issuance of 33,566 shares of common stock which sell through or to the Manager.
On October 10, 2024, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Alumni Capital LP (“Alumni Capital”), a Delaware limited partnership which was subsequently amended by the Modification Agreement on January 21, 2025. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation to cause Alumni Capital to purchase up to $50,000,000 common stock, par value $0.00001 (the “Commitment Amount”), at certain purchase Price during the period beginning on the execution date of the Purchase Agreement and ending on the earlier of (i) the date on which Alumni Capital has purchased $50,000,000 of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or (ii) December 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, Alumni Capital has purchased aggregated total of 6,668,680 shares of our common stock, while the we received an aggregated net proceed of approximately $15.2 million.
On November 27, 2024, we entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with certain investors (the “Investors”). Pursuant to the Subscription Agreement, the Investors agreed to invest an aggregate amount of $1,177,000 (the “Investment Amount”) into us for 71,333 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Offered Shares”), par value $0.00001 at a negotiated purchase price of $16.5 (the “Offering”). As of September 30, 2025, the Company has issued 71,333 shares of Offered Shares to the Investors and received aggregate net proceed of $1,177,000.
Despite receiving the proceeds from various offerings, management is of the opinion that we will not have sufficient funds to meet the working capital requirements and debt obligations as they become due starting from one year from the date of this report due to our recurring loss. Therefore, management has determined there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to generate significant revenue, we may be required to curtail or cease our operations. Management is trying to alleviate the going concern risk through the following sources:
| ● | Equity financing to support our working capital; |
However, there is no guarantee that the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern will be alleviated.
The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:
| For the Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| September 30, 2025 (Unaudited) | September 30, 2024 (Unaudited) | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (1,761,275 | ) | $ | (976,319 | ) | ||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (704,792 | ) | (1,487,372 | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 3,466,667 | 2,437,271 | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents | 12,983 | (101,032 | ) | |||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,013,583 | $ | (127,452 | ) | |||
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Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was approximately $1.7 million and was mainly comprised of the net loss of approximately $2.1 million, decrease of approximately $0.1 million in other payables and accrued liabilities reflecting the timely settlement of certain accrued expenses, offset by non-cash items of depreciation, stock-based compensation, and change in fair value of derivative liabilities amounted to approximately $0.5 million, and decrease of accounts receivable of approximately $0.1 million due to collection.
Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $1.0 million and was mainly comprised of (i) the net loss of approximately $1.0 million, (ii) increase of other receivable and other current assets of approximately $0.5 million which includes approximately $0.5 million prepayment to certain developer for the development of our internal AI software. (iii) decrease in customer deposits of approximately $70,000, as we recognized member service revenue in the current period from certain merchant prepayments made in the prior period, and (iv) decrease of other payable and accrued liabilities of approximately $34,000 as we pay off some of the accrued operating expenses, offset by (i) non-cash items of depreciation, amortization, allowance for credit losses, stock-based compensation and unrealized loss on marketable securities amounted to approximately $0.5 million, and decrease of prepayment of approximately $33,000 as we received the inventory for resale which we have place order and prepaid in the prior period.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was approximately $0.7 million which mainly due to approximately $0.6 million in purchase of property and equipment, approximately $6,600 prepayment of purchase consideration for acquisition of Tien Ming Distribution Sdn Bhd, and the remittance of approximately $53,000 to CLSB as a collaboration deposit to support CLSB’s credit service activities for the Portfolio Clients.
Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $1.5 million which includes a remittance of approximately $1.5 million to CLSB as a collaboration deposit to support CLSB’s credit service activities for the Portfolio Clients.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided financing activities the three months ended September 30, 2025 was approximately $3.5 million, which mainly comprised of approximately $3.5 million net proceeds received from Share Purchase Agreement, offset by payments of insurance loan and related party loan of approximately $18,000.
Net cash provided financing activities the three months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $2.5 million, which mainly comprised of payments of insurance loan and related party loan of approximately $20,000, offset by approximately $2.5 million net proceeds received from issuance of common stock through our market offering.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements including arrangements that would affect our liquidity, capital resources, market risk support and credit risk support or other benefits.
Critical Accounting Estimate
Our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We have identified certain accounting estimates that are significant to the preparation of our financial statements. These estimates are important for an understanding of our financial condition and results of operation. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly from management’s current judgments. We believe the following critical accounting estimates involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements.
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The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant accounting estimates reflected in our consolidated financial statements include the estimated retail price per point and estimated breakage to calculate the revenue recognized in our loyalty program revenue, the useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, provision for estimated credit losses, write-down for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventories, realization of deferred tax assets and uncertain tax position, fair value of our stock price to determine the beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) within the convertible note, fair value of the stock-based compensation, fair value of the marketable securities and fair value of the warrants issued. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts and do not accrue interest. We offer various payments terms to customers from cash due on delivery to 90 days based on their credit history. Accounts receivable encompass amounts due from sales of healthcare products on our ZCITY platform. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer’s financial condition, credit history and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in the allowance when it is considered necessary. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when all collection efforts have been exhausted, and recovery potential is deemed remote. Our management reviews historical accounts receivable collection rates across all aging brackets and has made 100% provision of credit loss for customer balances aged above 120 days for sales of healthcare products on our ZCITY platform. Our management continuously assesses the reasonableness of the credit loss allowance policy and updates it as needed. As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, we recorded $9,927 and $9,924 of provision for estimated credit losses, respectively.
Inventories
Our inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method. These costs encompass gift cards or ‘E-voucher’ pin codes, which are acquired from our suppliers as merchandise goods or store credit, as well as healthcare products. Management conducts regular comparisons between the cost of inventories and their net realizable value. If the net realizable value is lower than the cost, an allowance is made for inventory write-down. Ongoing assessments of inventories are carried out to identify potential write-downs due to estimated obsolescence or unmarketability. This determination is based on the difference between the inventory costs and the estimated net realizable value, considering forecasts for future demand and market conditions. Once inventories are written down to the lower of cost or net realizable value, they are not subsequently marked up based on changes in underlying facts and circumstances. Our management has reviewed the aforementioned factors and has applied a 100% write-down for inventories aged above 180 days related to our E-voucher and health care products. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, no write-downs for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventories were recorded.
Other receivables and other current assets, net
Other receivables and other current assets consist of prepayment to third parties for cyber security service, director & officer liability insurance (“D&O Insurance”), and other professional fee. Other receivables and other current assets also include refundable advance to third party service provider, and other deposits. Starting from July 1, 2023, we had adopted ASC Topic 326 on our other receivables using the modified retrospective approach. The new credit loss guidance replaces the old model for measuring the allowance for credit losses with a model that is based on the expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new accounting guidance, we measure credit losses on its other receivables using the current expected credit loss model under ASC 326. As of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025, we have provided allowance for credit loss of $1,078,475 and $1,078,353, respectively.
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Impairment for long-lived assets
Long-lived assets, including property and equipment with finite lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. We assessed the recoverability of the assets based on the undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. If an impairment is identified, we would reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flows approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values. $19,517,303 impairment for long-lived assets were recorded as of September 30, 2025 and June 30, 2025.
Investment in marketable securities
Investments in marketable securities, net, consist of investments in listed shares, which are listed on Nasdaq. Marketable securities are accounted for under ASC 321 and reported at their readily determinable fair values as quoted by market exchanges with changes in fair value recorded in other (expense) income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. All changes in a marketable security’s fair value are reported in earnings as they occur, as such, the sale of a marketable security does not necessarily give rise to a significant gain or loss. Unrealized gains/(losses) due to fluctuations in fair value are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Declines in fair value below cost deemed to be other-than-temporary are recognized as impairments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recorded an unrealized holding loss on marketable securities of $0 and approximately $128,000, respectively.
Revenue recognition
Loyalty program
| - | Performance obligations at a point in time |
Our TADAA Technologies reward loyalty program allows members to earn points on purchases that can be redeemed for rewards that include discounts on future purchases. When members purchase our product or make purchase with our participated vendor through TADAA Technologies, we allocate the transaction price between the product or service, and the reward points earned based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and expected point redemption. The portion allocated to the reward points is initially recorded as contract liability and subsequently recognized as revenue upon redemption or expiration.
The two primary estimates utilized to record the contract liability for reward points earned by members are the estimated retail price per point and estimated breakage. The estimated retail price per point is based on the actual historical retail prices of product purchased or service obtained through the redemption of reward points. We estimate breakage of reward points based on historical redemption rates. We continually evaluate our methodology and assumptions based on developments in retail price per point redeemed, redemption patterns and other factors. Changes in the retail price per point and redemption rates have the effect of either increasing or decreasing the contract liability through current period revenue by an amount estimated to represent the retail value of all points previously earned but not yet redeemed by loyalty program members as of the end of the reporting period.
Customized Software development Service revenue
| - | Performance obligations satisfied over time |
We recognize revenue from customized software development services over time using the cost-to-cost input method to measure progress toward satisfaction of our performance obligations. This approach requires us to make critical estimates and judgments, including determining total estimated costs to complete each contract and assessing progress toward completion. Changes in project scope, complexity, or estimated costs may significantly impact the timing and amount of revenue we recognize. We also evaluate whether we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date and whether control is transferred continuously to the customer. Any revisions to total estimated contract costs or anticipated losses are recorded in the period in which the changes are identified.
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Income taxes
Deferred taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of assessable tax profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.
Stock-based compensation
We account for stock-based compensation awards to officers in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which requires that stock-based payment transactions with employees be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued and recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period. In June 2024, we executed executive employment agreements (“Employment Agreements”) with three individuals, appointing them as the Company’s executive officers. Under the terms of the Employment Agreements, each executive officer is entitled to receive a predetermined monetary value of the Company’s common stock as annual compensation for the first year, with stock compensation for subsequent years contingent upon performance. The stock compensation is prorated on a monthly basis and is subject to the restrictions of Securities Act Rule 144. The fair value of the stock-based compensation which included common stock issued were equivalent to the predetermined monetary value. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we have incurred stock-based compensation from our officer and third party service provider amounted to approximately $100,000 and $70,000, respectively.
Warrants
| - | Fair value of Alumni Capital warrants |
We account for the purchase warrants issued to Alumni Capital LP (“Alumni Capital”) as liabilities, which are remeasured at fair value at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in our consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of these warrants is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the use of significant judgment and assumptions, including expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected life of the warrant, and the market price and exercise price of our common stock. These assumptions are highly subjective and inherently uncertain, and changes in any of these inputs can materially affect the estimated fair value of the warrant liability.
The fair value of the warrants issued to Alumni Capital which was determined on grant dates by using the Black Scholes model using the following assumptions: (1) expected volatility of 160.20% to 171.88%, (2) risk-free interest rate of 3.52% to 4.37%, (3) expected life of 2.1 years to 2.8 years, (4) exercise price of $1.17 to $5.15 and (5) stock price of $1.08 to $19.50 on grant date, the date of which the warrants were issued. Based on above assumption, the fair value of the warrants were estimated to be $2,687,863.
The fair value of the warrants issued to Alumni Capital which was determined on June 30, 2025 by using the Black Scholes model using the following assumptions: (1) expected volatility of 162.92% to 167.27%, (2) risk-free interest rate of 3.71%, (3) expected life of 2.3 years, (4) exercise price of $1.20 to $2.05 and (5) stock price of $1.10 on June 30, 2025. Based on above assumption, the fair value of the warrants were estimated to be $383,886.
The fair value of the warrants issued to Alumni Capital which was determined on September 30, 2025 by using the Black Scholes model using the following assumptions: (1) expected volatility of 162.53%, (2) risk-free interest rate of 3.60%, (3) expected life of 2.0 years, (4) exercise price of $0.65 to $1.10 and (5) stock price of $1.13 on September 30, 2025. Based on above assumption, the fair value of the warrants were estimated to be $1,037,695.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Not required under Regulation S-K for “smaller reporting companies.”
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation and supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were not, in design and operation, effective as of September 30, 2025 at a reasonable assurance level due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below:
| ● | Inadequate U.S. GAAP expertise. The current accounting staff is inexperienced in applying U.S. GAAP standard as they are primarily engaged in ensuring compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) accounting and reporting requirement for our consolidated operating entities, and thus require substantial training. The current staff’s accounting skills and understanding as to how to fulfill the requirements of U.S. GAAP-based reporting, including subsidiary financial statements consolidation, are inadequate; |
| ● | Inadequate internal audit function. We lack of a functional internal audit department or personnel that monitors the consistencies of the preventive internal control procedures and lack of adequate policies and procedures in internal audit function to ensure that our policies and procedures have been carried out as planned; |
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, within the meaning of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Auditing Standard AS 2201, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Following the identification of the material weaknesses, we plan to take remedial measures including:
| ● | hiring more qualified accounting personnel with relevant U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting experience and qualifications to strengthen the financial reporting function and to set up a financial and system control framework; |
| ● | implementing regular and continuous U.S. GAAP accounting and financial reporting training programs for our accounting and financial reporting personnel; |
| ● | establishing internal audit function by engaging an external consulting firm to assist us with assessment of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 compliance requirements and improvement of overall internal control; and |
| ● | strengthening corporate governance. |
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEDINGS.
We may be subject to legal disputes and subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. We are not a party or subject to any pending legal proceedings the resolution of which is expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and in item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this item. In any event, there have been no material changes in our risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2025, filed with the U.S. Securities and Securities Exchange Commission on October 14, 2025, as amended.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
(A) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
(a) Issuance of Capital Stock.
There were no purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined in the Exchange Act Rule 10b-18(a)(3), of the Company’s common stock during any of the months in the quarter ended September 30, 2025.
(b) Warrants.
None.
(B) Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
(C) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not Applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibits be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise specifically stated in such filing. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| TREASURE GLOBAL INC | |
| Dated: November 14, 2025 | /s/ Carlson Thow |
| Carlson Thow | |
| Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director | |
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |
| Dated: November 14, 2025 | /s/ See Wah “Sylvia” Chan |
| See Wah “Sylvia” Chan | |
| Chief Financial Officer | |
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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