YYForce Inc F-3, filed Jul 13, 2026
YYForce Inc. (YFOR)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 10, 2026
Registration No. 333-[●]
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM F-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
YY Group Holding Limited
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)
| British Virgin Islands | Not Applicable | |
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
60 Paya Lebar Road
#09-13/14/15/16/17
Paya Lebar Square
Singapore 409051
Tel: +65 9842 0085
(Address and Telephone Number of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
Cogency Global Inc.
122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor
New York, New York 10168
United States
(800) 221-0102
(Name, Address and Telephone Number of Agent For Service)
With copies to:
|
Zhi Yong (Jason) Phua Chief Financial Officer 60 Paya Lebar Road #09-13/14/15/16/17 Paya Lebar Square Singapore 409051 Tel: +65 9842 0085 |
Wei Wang, Esq. 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10105 Tel: (212) 370-1300 Fax: (212) 370-7889 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
| † | The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012. |
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 10, 2026
YY Group Holding Limited
US$100,000,000
Class A Ordinary Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Subscription Rights
Units
We may offer, issue and sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to $100,000,000, in the aggregate, of Class A ordinary shares, debt securities, warrants, subscription rights and units (collectively, the “securities”) of YY Group Holding Limited (the “Company”, “we”, “us”, and “our”). We may offer, issue and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in different series, at times, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at or prior to the time of each offering.
Each time we sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the terms of the securities. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided in connection with a specific offering. You should read this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus as well as documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you invest in any of our securities.
The securities covered by this prospectus may be offered through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers. The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the names of the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, any applicable commissions or discounts payable to them and the specific terms of the plan of distribution. For general information about the distribution of securities offered, see “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 14 of this prospectus.
We are both an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and a “foreign private issuer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” and “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer.”
Our ordinary shares consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to 500 votes per share based on our dual-class share structure. Class A ordinary share or Class B ordinary share are not convertible to any other class of share at any time under any circumstances. See “Description of Securities.”
Mr. Xiaowei Fu, our Chairman, Executive Director, and Chief Executive Officer, currently beneficially owns an aggregate of 99.87% of our voting power, as of the date of this prospectus. Mr. Fu has control over the outcome of any corporate transactions or other matters submitted to the shareholders for approval. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being a Controlled Company” and “Item 3D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Ownership of our Ordinary Shares — Our controlling shareholder has substantial influence over the Company. Its interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders, and it could prevent or cause a change of control or other transactions.” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 21, 2026, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F filed with the SEC on April 24, 2026 (the “2025 Annual Report”) , which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
As a result of Mr. Fu’s significant ownership, we are deemed a “controlled company” under Nasdaq listing rules. Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. If we elected to rely on the “controlled company” exemption, the investors would not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Our status as a controlled company could cause our Class A ordinary shares to look less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being a Controlled Company” and “Item 3D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Securities — As a “controlled company” under the rules of Nasdaq Capital Market, we may choose to exempt our Company from certain corporate governance requirements that could have an adverse effect on our public shareholders.” in our 2025 Annual Report.
Our Class A ordinary shares are traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “YYGH.” The last reported sale price for ordinary shares on July 9, 2026 as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market was $1.37 per share. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to the listing, if any, on Nasdaq or any other securities market or other securities exchange of the securities covered by such prospectus supplement.
Investing in our securities involves significant risks. The risks could result in a material change in the value of the securities we are registering for sale or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer securities to investors. The securities offered in this prospectus are shares of our British Virgin Islands holding company, which has no material operations of its own and conducts its operations through our operating entities established in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Hong Kong, among others. See “Risk Factors” of this prospectus and the section entitled “Item 3D. Risk Factors” in our 2025 Annual Report incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is July 10, 2026.
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This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form F-3 that we filed with the SEC, utilizing a “shelf” registration process. We may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus from time to time in one or more offerings on a continuous or delayed basis.
You should rely only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide any other information. We are offering the securities only where offers and sales are permitted. We are not offering the securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such an offer or sale.
You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus (as supplemented or amended) is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus (as supplemented or amended) is delivered, or securities are sold, on a later date.
This prospectus and the information incorporated herein by reference contain summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus.
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Certain Definitions
The following is a summary of certain defined terms that we use throughout this prospectus:
| ● | “24IFM” means 24IFM Pte. Ltd., a private company limited by shares incorporated in Singapore. |
| ● | “Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association” means the memorandum and articles of association of our Company as amended and restated by a resolution of shareholders passed on November 3, 2023 and filed on November 10, 2023, and further amended and restated by a resolution of shareholders passed on December 31, 2025, and filed on January 16, 2026, and as amended and / or restated (as the case may be) from time to time. |
| ● | “BVI” means the British Virgin Islands. |
| ● | “Class A ordinary shares” means a class of shares of the Company with no par value and entitled to one (1) vote per share. |
| ● | “Class B ordinary shares” means a class of shares of the Company with no par value and entitled to five hundred (500) votes per share. |
| ● | “Companies Act” means the BVI Business Companies Act, 2020 Revised Edition of the BVI. |
| ● | “Exchange Act” means The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
| ● | “MVG” means Mediaplus Venture Group Pte. Ltd., a BVI company and its subsidiaries. The subsidiaries are Mediaplus Digital Pte. Ltd., a private company limited by shares incorporated in Singapore; Mediaplus Digital Sdn. Bhd., a private company limited by shares incorporated in Malaysia; Mplus Elite Pte. Ltd., a private company limited by shares incorporated in Singapore and M Synergates Pte. Ltd., a private company limited by shares incorporated in Singapore. |
| ● | “Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. |
| ● | “PCAOB” means The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. |
| ● | “PFS” means Property Facility Services Pte. Ltd., a Singapore private company limited by shares. |
| ● | “RM” means Malaysian ringgit, the lawful currency of Malaysia. |
| ● | “S$” or “SGD” means Singapore dollar(s), the lawful currency of Singapore. |
| ● | “SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. |
| ● | “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
| ● | “US$” or “$” means United States dollar(s), the lawful currency of the United States of America. |
| ● | “We,” the “Company”, “our company” means YY Group Holding Limited, a British Virgin Islands holding company, and together with all of its subsidiaries. |
| ● | “YY Circle (HK)” means YY Circle (HK) Pte. Limited, a limited liability company incorporated in Hong Kong. |
For investors outside the United States: We have not done anything that would permit the offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the securities described herein and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain or may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, including statements regarding future events, our future financial performance, business strategy, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should,” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks outlined under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, which may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a highly regulated, very competitive, and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we address the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short term and long term business operations, and financial needs.
Any forward-looking statement you read in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any document incorporated by reference reflects our current views with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, operating results, growth strategy and liquidity. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as to the date when made. We assume no obligation to publicly update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future, except as otherwise required by applicable law. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our reports on Forms 20-F and 6-K filed with the SEC. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risk factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.
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This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and incorporated by reference herein. This summary may not contain all the information that may be important to you, and we urge you to read this entire prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein carefully, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this prospectus, the section entitled “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” in our 2025 Annual Report incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and related notes in our 2025 Annual Report incorporated by reference in this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our Class A ordinary shares.
Company Overview
We are a data and technology driven company focused on developing enterprise intelligent labor matching services and smart cleaning services founded in Singapore. Through our subsidiaries, we provide enterprise manpower outsourcing and smart cleaning services in Singapore, Malaysia and other countries.
Since our inception in 2010, we have established ourselves as a trusted and experienced manpower supplier in the traditional recruitment industry. In June 2019, we digitalized our traditional staffing processes by introducing our proprietary technology innovation of an online marketplace for manpower outsourcing, the YY Circle Super App (“YY App”). Our manpower outsourcing service segment is anchored by the YY App, which is a one-stop intelligent manpower outsourcing platform that simplifies and streamlines the staffing process for our customers. Our platform supports a growing online community and network of users looking for both part-time and full-time work from our customers that come from a broad range of industries including hotels, food and beverage, and private clubs. As of June 30, 2026, we have a total of 857 customers, with 218 customers in cleaning services business and 212 customers in the manpower outsourcing business. For the YY App, we recorded 998,575 downloads, and 303,348 total active users as of June 30, 2026, increasing from 903,952 downloads and 268,241 total active users recorded as of December 31, 2025. The daily, weekly, and monthly active users as of June 30, 2026 were 5,613, 15,584 and 35,743, respectively, and we have conversion and average retention rates of approximately 18.91% and 30.90%, respectively. The conversion rate is calculated by dividing the total number of registrations from the total number of downloads. The retention rate is calculated by dividing the total number of active users by the total number of registrations. The total number of man hours deployed approximated 14 million hours since our platform commenced operations in 2019. We believe that our diverse range of listings and comprehensive range of man-power related services, including hospitality, food and beverages, retails, logistics, and office administration, provides an effective channel for customers to market their job openings and for our users to find work arrangements that complement their schedules and provide them a reliable source of income.
In 2018, to complement our manpower outsourcing business segment, we established our professional cleaning business, serving a broad base of customers including food and beverage outlets, luxury shopping malls and 4–5-star hotels. We provide professional cleaning and janitorial services that are fully customizable to meet the specific requirements of our customers and regulators. Our range of services includes commercial cleaning for offices and schools, hospitality cleaning for hotels and shopping centers, industrial cleaning, facade cleaning, disinfection services, stewarding services for meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions (“MICE”) and banquets, and pest control services. In addition, we offer cleaning robots and machines to enhance our cleaning performance by deploying them at designated premises. The cleaning services segment of our business is complemented by our YY Smart iClean App, which is an innovative smart toilet cleaning central management platform integrated with automated sensors and Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices that allows our customers to improve productivity, manage resources efficiently, and enjoy significant cost savings. The IoT technology provides real-time data insights, allowing our customers to track the usage of toilets and monitor the cleaning progress of our staff, ensuring the highest level of quality and efficiency in our services. As of June 30, 2026, we had 551 active cleaners, available to service our customers based on the existing cleaning engagements.
In June 2026, as part of our efforts to explore new business opportunities and integrate advanced technology into our operations, we began deploying several humanoid robots within our facility management business. In parallel, our cleaning staff now wear data-collection devices during their shifts to capture detailed information about their work processes. The data collected is processed by our data training laboratories to develop and refine AI models that enable robots to perform the same tasks. This initiative is currently in its early stages, and we are continuing to evaluate and enhance the deployment strategy.
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Recent Developments
Acquisitions
For the period from January 2025 to July 2025, the Company completed a series of acquisition transactions, which are disclosed in the Company’s reports on Form 6-K and incorporated herein by reference, to acquire interests in the following entities, pursuant to their respective purchase agreements:
| ● | On January 2, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of 54% of the total share capital of Mediaplus Venture Group Pte Ltd, a leading digital marketing and web development firm based in Singapore and Malaysia, for consideration consisting of (1) a cash payment of S$1,325,000 and (2) 9,260 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026). Upon the completion of the acquisition, the Company issued 9,260 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) to the shareholders of Mediaplus. The Company anticipates that this strategic acquisition will drive revenue growth over the next three years. This growth will be further supported by YY Group’s concurrent expansion into new markets with its manpower outsourcing business, demonstrating the Group’s commitment to sustained development and diversification. |
| ● | On February 3, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of 99.99997% of the total share capital of Property Facility Services Pte. Ltd. (“PFS”) for total consideration consisting of (1) a cash payment in the amount of S$816,000; (2) a deferred cash payment in the amount of S$784,000, payable twelve months from completion, subject to a downward adjustment of up to S$500,000 based on the net asset value of PFS as of December 31, 2024; and (3) 150,770 Class A ordinary shares (the “Consideration Shares”). This strategic acquisition strengthens our position in the Integrated Facility Management (IFM) industry and lays the groundwork for a transition to automated and digitalized facility management services. Pursuant to the supplemental letter to the SPA dated January 29, 2026, the remaining deferred cash consideration is to be settled in tranches (together with any applicable interest and agreed set-offs): S$262,600 became due on March 2, 2026; S$273,000 became due on June 30, 2026, which is expected to be paid by the end of July 2026; and SGD 285,120 will be due on September 30, 2026. With respect to the share consideration, the seller agreed to settle such consideration in cash of S$ 392,000 replacing the Consideration Shares, which amount is scheduled to be paid on April 15, 2026. On March 4, 2026, the Company paid S$262,600 to the seller, together with interest accrued at 1% per month, in accordance with the amended payment terms. |
| ● | On April 14, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of 90% of the total share capital of YY Circle (HK) for consideration of 1,900,000 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) of the Company. Upon the completion of the acquisition, the Company issued 1,900,000 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) of the Company to the shareholders of YY Circle (HK). |
| ● | On April 21, 2025, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “24iFM Agreement”) with a certain seller, pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire the managing facilities application named as 24iFM, its related software licenses, and intellectual property rights from such seller, for consideration of 4,000,000 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026). On June 10, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of the assets of 24iFM and issued 4,000,000 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) to the seller. |
| ● | On June 2, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of 49% of the total share capital of YY Circle (TH) for consideration of 2,000,000 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026). |
| ● | On June 5, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the total share capital of Uniforce Security Pte. Ltd. for a cash consideration of S$1,000,000. |
| ● | On June 17, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of 53% of the total share capital of TransOcean Oil Pte. Ltd. for a consideration of 4,500,000 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) of the Company. |
| ● | On July 1, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the total share capital of Pesticide Pest Control Pte Ltd. for consideration of S$150,000. |
Nasdaq Compliance
On October 23, 2025, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the minimum closing bid price per share for its Class A ordinary shares was below $1.00 for a period of 30 consecutive business days and that the Company did not meet the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The Nasdaq notification letter did not result in the immediate delisting of the Class A ordinary shares, and the shares continued to trade uninterrupted under the symbol “YYGH.” Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company had a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until April 20, 2026, to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement. On April 15, 2026, the Company received written notice from the Staff that the Company had regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. The Staff determined that for the sixteen (16) consecutive business days from March 23, 2026 to April 14, 2026, the Company was able to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share. The prior bid price deficiency matter is now closed.
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Charter Amendments
On December 31, 2025, the Company, by a resolution of the shareholders pursuant to Regulation 7.21 of the Company’s articles of association, approved and adopted the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company to change the voting rights of the Company’s Class B ordinary shares from 20 votes per share to 500 votes per share. The shareholder resolution was approved by a majority of the holders of Class A ordinary shares of the Company. The Company filed the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association with the Registry of Corporate Affairs of the British Virgin Islands on January 16, 2026.
Financings
September 2025 Offering
On September 10, 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, which was amended and restated on September 11, 2025, with certain institutional investors for a follow-on offering of 9,523,812 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026)(the “September 2025 Shares”), and warrants to purchase up to 14,285,718 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026)(the “September 2025 Warrants”). Each September 2025 Share was sold with 1.5 September 2025 Warrants, at a price of $$0.42 per Class A ordinary share (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) and accompanied September 2025 Warrants. The September 2025 Warrants are exercisable immediately after the date of issuance at an exercise price of $0.50 per share (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) and will have a term of 3.5 years after issuance. The Company also entered into a placement agency agreement, dated September 10, 2025, with FT Global Capital, Inc. to act as exclusive placement agent on a best efforts basis in connection with the offering, pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay the FT Global Capital, Inc. a cash fee equal to 7.5% of the gross proceeds raised in the offering and a non-accountable expense allowance of up to $45,000. The Company issued the September 2025 Shares and the September 2025 Warrants on September 11, 2025. The Company received gross proceeds, before deducting any fees or expenses, of approximately $4 million. The securities were offered and sold pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form F-3 (SEC File No. 333-286705), that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2025, and declared effective on April 30, 2025 (the “F-3 Registration Statement”), the base prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement, and the prospectus supplement dated September 10, 2025.
On January 27, 2026, the Company entered into warrant repurchase agreements with the holders of the September 2025 Warrants (the “Holders”), pursuant to which the Company repurchased all unexercised 14,285,718 (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) September 2025 Warrants at a repurchase price of $0.06 per September 2025 Warrant (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026), for total purchase price of $857,143. The Company has also granted the Holders a participation right on a pro-rata basis of one third in any Subsequent Placement (as defined in the warrant repurchase agreements), subject to certain exemptions, undertaken by the Company for a period from the date of the warrant repurchase agreements to December 11, 2026.
Financings with Ault Lending and Its Affiliates
On January 28, 2026, the Company issued a secured promissory note to Ault Lending, LLC in the principal amount of $1,100,000 for a purchase price of $1,000,000. The principal amount includes an original issuance discount of $80,000 and a one-time due diligence and structuring fee of $20,000. In connection with the promissory note, on January 28, 2026, Fu Xiaowei, the Company’s Chairman of Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Zhang Fan, the Company’s Executive Director (collectively, the “Pledgors” and each, a “Pledgor”), entered into a pledge agreement with the Ault Lending, LLC. Pursuant to the pledge agreement, the Pledgors pledged to Ault Lending, LLC 100% of the Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares of the Company held by the Pledgors (collectively, the “Pledged Shares”). The pledge agreement secures all of the Company’s obligations under the promissory note and grants Ault Lending, LLC a continuing, first-priority security interest in the Pledged Shares, including all associated substitutions, replacements, proceeds, and distributions, as well as all rights relating thereto. Upon the occurrence and continuance of certain events of default under the promissory note, Ault Lending, LLC is entitled to exercise customary secured party remedies with respect to the Pledged Shares, subject to applicable notice and cure provisions. In connection with the foregoing offering, Spartan received a placement fee in the amount of $70,000 for serving as placement agent of such offering. On March 4, 2026, the Company repaid the promissory note in full, including accrued interest, in an aggregate amount of $1,109,945.21 to Ault Lending, LLC.
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On February 27, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Ault Lending, LLC and a certain other institutional investor, pursuant to which the Company will offer and sell, in two tranches (i) up to $11,880,000 in aggregate principal face amount of 8% original issue discount Convertible Promissory Notes of the Company (each a “Convertible Note” and collectively, the “Convertible Notes”), which Convertible Notes shall be convertible (the “Conversion Shares”) into Class A ordinary shares pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Convertible Notes and (ii) related warrants (each a “Warrant” and collectively, the “Warrants”), which Warrants are exercisable for Class A ordinary shares (the “Warrant Shares”). At the initial closing of the offering on March 2, 2026, the Company issued (a) Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $5,940,000, reflecting gross proceeds prior to expenses and fees in connection with the offering of $5,500,000 after giving effect to the 8% original issue discount, and (b) Warrants to purchase up to 47,255,369 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) (the “Initial Tranche”). Pursuant to a term sheet entered into between the Company and Ault & Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation and an affiliate of Ault Lending, LLC on February 21, 2026 (the “Ault Term Sheet”), the Company agreed to purchase Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Ault Preferred Shares”). In connection with the closing of the initial tranche of the Convertible Notes, $1 million of proceeds received by the Company from the Initial Tranche was deposited into an escrow account to be released for the purchase of Ault Preferred Shares on March 2, 2026.
The Convertible Notes carry an 8% original issue discount and have a term of 24 months from the original issuance date (the “Maturity Date”). In addition to the original issue discount, the Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 10% per annum, payable in cash upon the Maturity Date or in Class A ordinary shares upon the earlier conversion of the Convertible Notes, unless an event of default occurs, in which case the interest rate shall be increased to eighteen percent (18%) per annum, payable in cash in arrears on the first trading day of each calendar month during the continuance of such event of default. The Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holder into Conversion Shares at any time after their issuance. The conversion price is the greater of (x) $0.092 (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) (the “Floor Price”), which Floor Price shall be adjusted for share dividends, share splits, stock combinations and other similar transactions, and (y) the lower of 80% of the lowest trading price of the Class A ordinary shares during the six (6) trading days immediately prior to (A) the date of the securities purchase agreement or (B) the conversion date, but not greater than $1.50 per share (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026), subject to adjustment as provided in the Convertible Notes. The holder’s ability to convert is subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 4.99% (which may be increased up to 9.99% upon 61 days’ notice). The Warrants are immediately exercisable at any time after their issuance and at any time up to the date that is five years after their issuance. Holders may, in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made upon the exercise of the Warrants, elect instead to receive upon such exercise the “Net Number” of Warrant Shares determined in accordance with the formula set forth therein.
In connection with the foregoing offering, Spartan Capital Securities, LLC acted as the exclusive placement agent and the Company agreed to pay Spartan Capital Securities, LLC a cash commission equal to 7.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds and to reimburse the accountable expenses incurred by the Placement Agent of up to $125,000. In addition, certain employees of Spartan Capital Securities, LLC entered into an agreement with Ault Lending, LLC whereby they are participants in the investment by Ault Lending, LLC into the Company as discussed above and such employees may receive profits as a result of such participation.
On or prior to the thirtieth (30th) calendar day following the date of the securities purchase agreement (or if such day is not a trading day, on the next succeeding trading day), subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, the Company will issue to the investors (i) additional Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $5,940,000 (the “Second Tranche”), reflecting gross proceeds prior to expenses and fees in connection with the offering of up to $5,500,000 after giving effect to the 8% original issue discount, and (ii) Warrants to purchase initially up to a number of Warrant Shares equal to 100% of the number of Conversion Shares issuable under the Convertible Note issued in the Second Tranche issued on the closing date of the Second Tranche, subject to adjustment as set forth therein. The securities were offered and sold pursuant to the F-3 Registration Statement, the base prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement, and the prospectus supplement dated February 27, 2026.
As of the date of this registration statement, the Second Tranche has not been completed.
During March 2026, holders exercised a series of partial conversions of the Convertible Notes and exercises of the Warrants. An aggregate principal amount of $375,000 of Convertible Notes, together with approximately $760 of accrued interest, was converted into an aggregate of 3,817,336 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) between March 9, 2026 and March 12, 2026. In addition, holders exercised warrants relating to an aggregate of 25,185,012 underlying warrant shares between March 2, 2026 and April 22, 2026, resulting in the issuance of 31,333,900 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) on a cashless exercise basis. In April, In total, the Company issued 35,151,236 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) in connection with such Convertible Note conversions and Warrant exercises.
As a result of the Reverse Share Splits (As defined and fully described below), the floor price of the Convertible Notes and Warrants, respectively, was adjusted from $0.092 per share to $4.60 per share and the number of Warrant Shares was adjusted from 47,255,369 to 945,108 Class A ordinary shares. Additionally, pursuant to the Convertible Notes, if the Event Market Price (as defined in the Convertible Notes) is less than the Conversion Price (as defined in the Convertible Notes) then in effect, then on the sixteenth (16th) trading day immediately following the Reverse Share Split, the Conversion Price then in effect on such sixteenth (16th) trading day shall be reduced (but in no event increased) to the Event Market Price. Event Market Price means, the quotient determined by dividing (x) the sum of the VWAP of the Class A ordinary shares for each of the five (5) trading days with the lowest VWAP of the Class A ordinary shares during the fifteen (15) consecutive trading day period ending and including the trading day immediately preceding the sixteenth (16th) trading day after the Reverse Share Split, by (y) five (5).
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On March 18, 2026, following the Ault Term Sheet, the Company entered into a share purchase agreement (the “Ault Agreement”) with Ault & Company, Inc. Pursuant to the Ault Agreement, the Company agreed to purchase, from time to time, up to 250,000 shares of Ault Preferred Shares. The purchase price is $1,000 per Preferred Share, with each such share having a stated value of $1,000. The Company’s obligation to purchase the Ault Preferred Shares is subject to conditions set forth in the share purchase agreement, as well as the delivery of Drawdown Notices in accordance with the specific procedures further detailed in the share purchase agreement. As of the date of this prospectus, the Company has not purchased any Ault Preferred Shares. The $1 million deposited by the Company on March 2, 2026, remains in the escrow account.
The At-the-Market Offering
On February 27, 2026, the Company entered into an at-the-market sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Spartan Capital Securities, LLC, serving as the lead sales agent, and Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc., serving as an additional agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion through the sales agents, Class A ordinary shares, no par value, of the Company up to an aggregate offering price of $20 million. Sales of shares under the Sales Agreement, if any, will be affected in accordance with the sales agents’ customary trading and sales practices and applicable laws and regulations. The sales agents are entitled to a commission equal to 3.75% of the gross proceeds from any shares sold under the Sales Agreement, and the Company has agreed to provide customary indemnification and contribution to the Sales Agents. The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the ATM facility to pay off the remaining cash portion for the acquisitions completed in 2025, and for working capital purposes and business expansion for the overseas markets. On June 16, 2026, the Company announced the termination of the ATM facility. The Company raised aggregate net proceeds of $19.1 million from the sale of 152,479,008 Class A ordinary shares (without giving effect to the reverse share splits in March 2026 and June 2026) under the Sales Agreement. The securities were offered and sold pursuant to the F-3 Registration Statement, the base prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement, and the prospectus supplement dated February 27, 2026.
Reverse Splits
On March 13, 2026, the board of directors of the Company approved (i) a reverse share split of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares at a ratio of 1-for-50 (the “March 2026 Reverse Share Split”), such that (a) every fifty (50) issued Class A ordinary shares, no par value, will be combined into one (1) issued Class A ordinary share, no par value, and (b) no fractional shares will be issued in connection with the Reverse Share Split. Shareholders who would otherwise receive a fraction of a Class A ordinary share of the Company will receive one full share. The March 2026 Reverse Share Split became effective on March 23, 2026.
On June 12, 2026, the board of directors of the Company approved (i) a reverse share split of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares at a ratio of 1-for-30 (the “June 2026 Reverse Share Split”), such that (a) every thirty (30) issued Class A ordinary shares, no par value, will be combined into one (1) issued Class A ordinary share, no par value, and (b) no fractional shares will be issued in connection with the Reverse Share Split. Shareholders who would otherwise receive a fraction of a Class A ordinary share of the Company will receive one full share. The June 2026 Reverse Share Split became effective on June 23, 2026.
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Summary of Significant Risk Factors
You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in our ordinary shares. Below please find a summary of the principal risks and uncertainties we face, organized under relevant headings. Our business is subject to a number of risks, including risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and prospects. These risks are discussed more fully below and include, but are not limited to, risks related to:
Risks related to Our Business and Industry
| ● | Our key customers for our manpower outsourcing and cleaning service businesses contribute to a significant portion of our revenues in each of these business segments. A non-renewal of these contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — Our key customers for our manpower outsourcing and cleaning service businesses contribute to a significant portion of our revenues in each of these business segments. A non-renewal of these contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.” |
| ● | We depend on a small number of individuals who constitute our current management. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — We depend on a small number of individuals who constitute our current management.” |
| ● | Our industry is subject to extensive government regulation and the imposition of additional regulations could materially harm our future earnings. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — Our industry is subject to extensive government regulation and the imposition of additional regulations could materially harm our future earnings.” |
| ● | We may not be able to maintain and/or obtain approvals, licenses, and registrations necessary to carry on or expand our business. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — We may not be able to maintain and/or obtain approvals, licenses and registrations necessary to carry on or expand our business.” |
| ● | We may from time to time be subject to legal and regulatory proceedings and administrative investigations. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — We may from time to time be subject to legal and regulatory proceedings and administrative investigations.” |
| ● | Misconduct and errors by our employees could harm our business and reputation. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — Misconduct and errors by our employees could harm our business and reputation.” |
| ● | We may incur employment related claims or other types of claims and costs that could materially harm our business. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — We may incur employment related claims or other types of claims and costs that could materially harm our business.” |
| ● | We operate in a highly competitive industry and may be unable to retain customer or market share. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — We operate in a highly competitive industry and may be unable to retain customers or market share.” |
| ● | Our manpower outsourcing business model has a short cashflow conversion cycle. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — Our manpower outsourcing business model has a short cashflow conversion cycle.” |
| ● | Our business model and growth strategy depend on our ability to attract users to our online platform in a cost-effective manner. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — Our business model and growth strategy depend on our ability to attract users to our online platform in a cost-effective manner.” |
| ● | We rely heavily on Internet search engines and mobile application stores to direct traffic to our website and our mobile application, respectively. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — We rely heavily on Internet search engines and mobile application stores to direct traffic to our website and our mobile application, respectively.” |
| ● | If we fail to adopt new technologies or adapt our platform and systems to changing user requirements or emerging industry standards, our business may be materially and adversely affected. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — If we fail to adopt new technologies or adapt our platform and systems to changing user requirements or emerging industry standards, our business may be materially and adversely affected.” |
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| ● | Our business generates and processes a large amount of consumer data, and the improper use, collection or disclosure of such data could subject us to significant reputational, financial, legal and operational consequences. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — Our business generates and processes a large amount of consumer data, and the improper use, collection or disclosure of such data could subject us to significant reputational, financial, legal, and operational consequences.” |
| ● | We may be unable to adequately protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights or if third parties assert that we infringe on their intellectual property rights, our business could suffer. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — We may be unable to adequately protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights or if third parties assert that we infringe on their intellectual property rights, our business could suffer.” |
| ● | We rely on certain technology and software licensed from third parties. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — We rely on certain technology and software licensed from third parties.” |
| ● | Our technology, software and systems are highly complex and may contain undetected errors or vulnerabilities. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — Our technology, software and systems are highly complex and may contain undetected errors or vulnerabilities.” |
| ● | Errors or inaccuracies in our business data and algorithms may adversely affect our business decisions and the customer experience. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — Errors or inaccuracies in our business data and algorithms may adversely affect our business decisions and the customer experience.” |
| ● | We may be unable to effectively consolidate our recently acquired subsidiaries. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business and Industry — We may be unable to effectively consolidate our recently acquired subsidiaries.” |
Risks Related to Our Securities
| ● | We may not maintain the listing of our Class A ordinary shares on Nasdaq which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our Class A ordinary shares and subject us to additional trading restrictions. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — We may not maintain the listing of our Class A Shares on Nasdaq which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our Class A Shares and subject us to additional trading restrictions.” |
| ● | The trading price of our Class A ordinary shares may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — The trading price of our Class A Shares may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.” |
| ● | If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our Class A ordinary shares, the market price for our Class A ordinary shares and trading volume could decline. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our Class A Shares, the market price for our Class A Shares and trading volume could decline.” |
| ● | Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on price appreciation of our Class A ordinary shares for a return on your investment. You may not realize a return on your investment in our shares and you may even lose your entire investment. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on price appreciation of our Class A Shares for a return on your investment.” |
| ● | Short selling may drive down the market price of our Class A ordinary shares. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — Short selling may drive down the market price of our Class A Shares.” |
| ● | Our controlling shareholder has substantial influence over the Company. Its interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders, and it could prevent or cause a change of control or other transactions. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — Our controlling shareholder has substantial influence over the Company. Its interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders, and it could prevent or cause a change of control or other transactions.” |
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| ● | As a “controlled company” under the rules of Nasdaq Capital Market, we may choose to exempt our Company from certain corporate governance requirements that could have an adverse effect on our public shareholders. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — As a “controlled company” under the rules of Nasdaq Capital Market, we may choose to exempt our Company from certain corporate governance requirements that could have an adverse effect on our public shareholders..” |
| ● | As a company incorporated in the BVI, we are permitted to follow certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters in lieu of certain requirements under Nasdaq corporate governance listing rules. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — As a company incorporated in the BVI, we are permitted to follow certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters in lieu of certain requirements under Nasdaq corporate governance listing rules. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.” |
| ● | You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under British Virgin Islands law. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under British Virgin Islands law.” |
| ● | We are an “emerging growth company” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our Class A ordinary shares less attractive to investors. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — We are an “emerging growth company,” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our Class A Shares less attractive to investors.” |
| ● | We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies.” |
| ● | We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses to us. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses to us.” |
| ● | Further issuances of Class B ordinary shares may result in a dilution of the percentage ownership of the existing holders of Class A ordinary shares as a total proportion of ordinary shares in the Company. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — Further issuances of Class B Shares may result in a dilution of the percentage ownership of the existing holders of Class A ordinary shares as a total proportion of ordinary shares in the Company.” |
| ● | As a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, we are permitted to follow certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters in lieu of certain requirements under the Nasdaq listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq Listing standards. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — As a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, we are permitted to follow certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters in lieu of certain requirements under the Nasdaq listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq Listing standards.” |
| ● | Our stock option plan may adversely impact our financial results, and, in turn, could adversely impact the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — As a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, we are permitted to follow certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters in lieu of certain requirements under the Nasdaq listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq Listing standards.” |
| ● | We may fail to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market in the future, which could lead to the delisting of our Class A ordinary shares. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Securities — We may fail to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market in the future, which could lead to the delisting of our Class A ordinary shares.” |
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Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
We had less than $1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year. As a result, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and may take advantage of reduced public reporting requirements. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
| ● | being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our filings with the SEC; |
| ● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; |
| ● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and |
| ● | exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
We may take advantage of these provisions until the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our ordinary shares pursuant to this offering. However, if certain events occur before the end of such five-year period, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” if our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion or if we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company before the end of such five-year period.
Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period.
Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer
We report under the Exchange Act, as a non-U.S. company with “foreign private issuer” status. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, so long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including:
| ● | the rules under the Exchange Act that require U.S. domestic public companies to issue financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP; |
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act that regulate the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of any securities registered under the Exchange Act; |
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act that impose liability on insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and |
| ● | the rules under the Exchange Act that require the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, containing unaudited financial and other specified information, and current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events. |
We are required to file with the SEC, within four months after the end of each fiscal year (or such other reports required by the SEC), an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.
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We may take advantage of these exemptions until such time as we are no longer a foreign private issuer. We would cease to be a foreign private issuer at such time as more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are held by U.S. residents and any of the following three circumstances applies: (i) the majority of our executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) more than 50% of our assets are located in the United States or (iii) our business is administered principally in the United States.
Both foreign private issuers and emerging growth companies are also exempt from certain of the more extensive SEC executive compensation disclosure rules. Therefore, if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company but remain a foreign private issuer, we will continue to be exempt from such rules and will continue to be permitted to follow our home country practice as to the disclosure of such matters.
Implications of Being a Controlled Company
Our director and Chief Executive Officer, Xiaowei Fu, beneficially owns approximately 99.98% of our voting power as of the date of this prospectus and we are a “controlled company” as defined under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. For so long as we are a “controlled company”, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including:
| ● | an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors; |
| ● | an exemption from the rule that the compensation of our chief executive officer must be determined or recommended solely by independent directors; and |
| ● | an exemption from the rule that our director nominees must be selected or recommended solely by independent directors. |
Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Our status as a “controlled company” could cause our Class A ordinary shares to look less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares.
Corporate Information
YY Group Holding Limited was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on February 21, 2023. Our registered office in the British Virgin Islands is at Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands. Our principal executive office is at 60 Paya Lebar Road #09-13/14/15/16/17 Paya Lebar Square Singapore 409051. Our telephone number at this location is +65 6604 6896. Our principal website address is yygroupholding.com. The information contained on our website does not form part of this prospectus. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., 122 E. 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, New York 10168.
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We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our Class A ordinary shares. We currently do not have any plans to pay cash dividends. Rather, we currently intend to retain all of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and grow our business.
Even if our board of directors has the discretion regarding whether to declare or pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount of the dividends, subject to certain restrictions under the Companies Act and the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, including: (a) all dividends must be authorized by a resolution of directors (being a simple majority of directors at a duly convened meeting or by written resolution in each case in accordance with the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association), by which our board of directors may authorize a distributions at any time and in any amount they think fit and set a record date (which may be before or after the date on which the board resolutions are passed) for determining the shareholders to be paid; (ii) our board of directors may only authorize payment of a dividend if they are satisfied (on reasonable grounds) that the value of the Company’s assets exceeds its liabilities and the Company is able to pay its debts as they fall due (the “Solvency Test”) immediately after paying the dividend; (iii) if, after a dividend is authorized (but before it is paid), our board of directors cease to be satisfied (on reasonable grounds) that the Company will be able to satisfy the Solvency Test after the dividend is paid, then such dividend is deemed not to have been authorized; (iv) the directors must notify each shareholder of any dividend authorized by them; (v) no interest accrues on any dividend; and (vi) if a shareholder fails to claim any dividend for three years after the date on which it was authorized by the directors, the directors may decide by a resolution of directors that the dividend is forfeited for the benefit of the Company.
In the event we consider distributing a dividend in the future, our board of directors will take into account, among other things, the following factors when deciding whether to propose a dividend and in determining the dividend amount: (a) operating and financial results; (b) cash flow situation; (c) business conditions and strategies; (d) future operations and earnings; (e) taxation considerations; (f) interim dividend paid, if any; (g) capital requirement and expenditure plans; (h) interests of shareholders; (i) statutory and regulatory restrictions; (j) any restrictions on payment of dividends; and (k) any other factors that our board of Directors may consider relevant. In addition, we are a holding company and depend on the receipt of dividends and other distributions from our subsidiary to pay dividends on our shares
There are no foreign exchange controls or foreign exchange regulations under current applicable laws of the various places of incorporation of our significant subsidiaries that would affect the payment or remittance of dividends.
Subject to the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, each Class A Share confers on the holder (i) the right to an equal share in any distribution paid by the Company in accordance with the Companies Act and the articles and (ii) an equal share on the distribution of any surplus assets of the Company on its liquidation.
Subject to the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, each Class B Share confers on the holder no right to share in the distribution of any surplus assets of the Company on its liquidation and no right to share in any distribution paid by the Company in accordance with the Companies Act and the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.
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You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus before making an investment in our Class A ordinary shares, including the section entitled “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” in our 2025 Annual Report incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected if any of these risks occurs, and as a result, the market price of our Class A ordinary shares could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.
The issuance of additional Class A ordinary shares or convertible securities may dilute your ownership and could adversely affect the share price.
From time to time in the future, we may issue additional Class A ordinary shares or securities convertible into Class A ordinary shares pursuant to a variety of transactions, including acquisitions. Additional ordinary shares may also be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants to purchase Class A ordinary shares. The issuance by us of additional Class A ordinary shares or securities convertible into Class A ordinary shares would dilute your ownership in us and the sale of a significant number of such shares in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our Class A ordinary shares.
Issuing additional Class A ordinary shares of YY Group Holding Limited, other equity securities, or securities convertible into equity may dilute the economic and voting rights of our existing shareholders, reduce the market price of our Class A ordinary shares, or both. Debt securities convertible into equity could be subject to adjustments in the conversion ratio pursuant to which certain events may increase the number of equity securities issuable upon conversion. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, which may adversely affect the amount, timing, or nature of our future offerings. As a result, holders of our Class A ordinary shares bear the risk that our future offerings may reduce the market price of our Class A ordinary shares and dilute their percentage ownership.
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Unless we indicate otherwise in a prospectus supplement, we plan to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities for business expansion, potential acquisitions, working capital, and other general corporate purposes.
CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS
Our capitalization and indebtedness will be set forth in a prospectus supplement to this prospectus or in a report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K subsequently furnished to the SEC and specifically incorporated herein by reference.
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We may sell the securities described in this prospectus from time to time in one or more of the following ways:
| ● | to or through underwriters or dealers; |
| ● | through agents; |
| ● | directly to one or more purchasers; or |
| ● | through a combination of any of these methods of sale. |
In addition, we may issue the securities as a dividend or distribution or in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders. In some cases, we or any dealers acting for us or on our behalf may also repurchase the securities and reoffer them to the public by one or more of the methods described above. This prospectus may be used in connection with any offering of our securities through any of these methods or other methods described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may distribute securities from time to time in one or more of transactions:
| ● | at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
| ● | at prices relating to prevailing market prices at the time of sale; |
| ● | at varying prices determined at the time of sale; or |
| ● | at negotiated prices. |
A prospectus supplement with respect to the offered securities will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:
| ● | the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents; |
| ● | any public offering price or purchase price of the securities or other consideration therefor, |
| ● | the proceeds from such sale; |
| ● | any underwriting discounts or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation; |
| ● | any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; |
| ● | any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and |
| ● | any securities exchanges on which the securities may be listed. |
Sale through Underwriters or Dealers
If we use underwriters for the sale of securities, they will acquire securities for their own account, including through underwriting, purchase, security lending or repurchase agreements with us. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Underwriters may offer the securities to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. Unless we otherwise state in the applicable prospectus supplement, various conditions will apply to the underwriters’ obligation to purchase securities, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities contemplated in an offering if they purchase any of such securities. Any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. The underwriter or underwriters of a particular underwritten offering of securities, or, if an underwriting syndicate is used, the managing underwriter or underwriters, will be set forth on the cover of the applicable prospectus supplement.
If we use dealers in the sale, unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will sell securities to the dealers as principals. The dealers may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices that the dealers may determine at the time of resale.
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Sales through Agents
We may designate agents who agree to use their reasonable efforts to solicit purchases for the period of their appointment or to sell securities on a continuing basis. Any agent involved will be named, and any commissions payable by us to such agent will be set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Direct Sales
We may also sell securities directly without using agents, underwriters, or dealers.
Market Making, Stabilization and Other Transactions
Certain persons participating in an offering may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the offered securities. If any such activities will occur, they will be described in an applicable prospectus supplement.
Derivative Transactions and Hedging
We and the underwriters may engage in derivative transactions involving the securities. These derivatives may consist of short sale transactions and other hedging activities. The underwriters may acquire a long or short position in the securities, hold or resell securities acquired and purchase options or futures on the securities and other derivative instruments with returns linked to or related to changes in the price of the securities. In order to facilitate these derivative transactions, we may enter into security lending or repurchase agreements with the underwriters. The underwriters may effect the derivative transactions through sales of the securities to the public, including short sales, or by lending the securities in order to facilitate short sale transactions by others. The underwriters may also use the securities purchased or borrowed from us or others (or, in the case of derivatives, securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives) to directly or indirectly settle sales of the securities or close out any related open borrowings of the securities.
Loan of Pledge of Securities
We may loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement.
General Information
We may enter into agreements with underwriters, dealers and agents that entitle them to indemnification against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments which the underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make. Underwriters, dealers and agents may be customers of, may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us or our subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business.
Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions received by them from us and any profit on the resale of the securities by them may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any underwriters, dealers or agents used in the offer or sale of securities will be identified and their compensation described in an applicable prospectus supplement.
If the prospectus supplement indicates, we may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.
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The descriptions of the securities contained in this prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplements, summarize the material terms and provisions of the various types of securities that we may offer. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the particular terms of any securities offered by such prospectus supplement. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, the terms of the securities may differ from the terms we have summarized below.
We may sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, ordinary shares, debt securities, subscription rights, warrants and/or units consisting of two or more of these classes or series of securities. The total dollar amount of all securities that we may issue under this prospectus will not exceed $100,000,000.
DESCRIPTION OF ORDINARY SHARES
General
As of the date of this prospectus, under our amended and restated memorandum of association, the authorized shares of the Company consist of an unlimited number of shares, divided into Class A ordinary shares of no-par value, and Class B ordinary shares of no-par value (up to a maximum of 5,000,000 Class B ordinary shares) and there are 3,201,764 Class A ordinary shares and 5,000,000 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of the date of the prospectus.
A description of our ordinary shares can be found under the heading “Exhibit 2.1. Description of Securities” in our 2025 Annual Report, and any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
We may issue series of debt securities, which may include debt securities exchangeable for or convertible into Class A ordinary shares. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of that series in a supplement to this prospectus. The following description of debt securities will apply to the debt securities offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of debt securities may specify different or additional terms.
The debt securities offered by this prospectus may be secured or unsecured, and may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The debt securities offered by this prospectus may be issued under an indenture between us and the trustee under the indenture. The indenture may be qualified under, subject to, and governed by, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. We have summarized selected portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The form of the indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement on Form F-3, of which this prospectus is a part, and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you.
The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and detailed or determined in the manner provided in a board of directors’ resolution, an officers’ certificate and by a supplemental indenture. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to the series, including any pricing supplement.
We may issue any amount of debt securities under the indenture, which may be in one or more series with the same or different maturities, at par, at a premium or at a discount. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement, including any related pricing supplement, relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the offering price, the aggregate principal amount offered and the terms of the debt securities, including, among other things, the following:
| ● | the title of the debt securities; |
| ● | the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities; |
| ● | any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities; |
| ● | the date or dates on which we will repay the principal on the debt securities and the right, if any, to extend the maturity of the debt securities; |
| ● | the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will be payable and any regular record date for any interest payment date; |
| ● | the place or places where the principal of, premium, and interest on the debt securities will be payable, and where the debt securities of the series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange; |
| ● | any obligation or right we have to redeem the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of holders of the debt securities or at our option, and the terms and conditions upon which we are obligated to or may redeem the debt securities; |
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| ● | any obligation we have to repurchase the debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities, the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase the debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations; |
| ● | the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued; |
| ● | whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities; |
| ● | the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount; |
| ● | the currency of denomination of the debt securities; |
| ● | the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made; |
| ● | if payments of principal of, premium or interest on, the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined; |
| ● | the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium or interest on, the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies other than that in which the debt securities are denominated or designated to be payable or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index; |
| ● | any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities; |
| ● | any addition to or change in the events of default described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities; |
| ● | any addition to or change in the covenants described in the indenture with respect to the debt securities; |
| ● | whether the debt securities will be senior or subordinated and any applicable subordination provisions; |
| ● | a discussion of material income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities; |
| ● | any other terms of the debt securities, which may modify any provisions of the indenture as it applies to that series; and |
| ● | any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities. |
We may issue debt securities that are exchangeable for and/or convertible into Class A ordinary shares. The terms, if any, on which the debt securities may be exchanged and/or converted will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Such terms may include provisions for exchange or conversion, which can be mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option, and the manner in which the number of Class A ordinary shares, or other securities to be received by the holders of debt securities would be calculated.
We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the U.S. federal income tax considerations, and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may issue debt securities of a series in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the prospectus supplement. Global securities will be issued in registered form and in either temporary or definitive form. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual debt securities, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such global security to a nominee of such depositary or by a nominee of such depositary to such depositary or another nominee of such depositary or by such depositary or any such nominee to a successor of such depositary or a nominee of such successor. The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any debt securities of a series and the rights of and limitations upon owners of beneficial interests in a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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The following summary of certain provisions of the warrants does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of the warrant agreement that will be filed with the SEC in connection with the offering of such warrants.
General
We may issue warrants to purchase Class A ordinary shares, debt securities or any combination of these securities. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency for or with holders or beneficial owners of warrants. The terms of any warrants to be issued and a description of the material provisions of the applicable warrant agreement will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of any warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:
| ● | the title of such warrants; |
| ● | the aggregate number of such warrants; |
| ● | the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued and exercised; |
| ● | the currency or currencies in which the price of such warrants will be payable; |
| ● | the securities purchasable upon exercise of such warrants; |
| ● | the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire; |
| ● | if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time; |
| ● | if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which such warrants are issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such security; |
| ● | if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable; |
| ● | information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; |
| ● | any material British Virgin Islands or United States federal income tax consequences; |
| ● | the antidilution provisions of the warrants, if any; and |
| ● | any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants. |
Amendments and Supplements to Warrant Agreement
We and a warrant agent (if applicable) may amend or supplement the warrant agreement for a series of warrants without the consent of the holders of the warrants issued thereunder to effect changes that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the warrants and that do not materially and adversely affect the interests of the holders of the warrants.
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DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS
The following summary of certain provisions of the subscription rights does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of the certificate evidencing the subscription rights that will be filed with the SEC in connection with the offering of such subscription rights.
General
We may issue subscription rights to purchase Class A ordinary shares, debt securities or other securities. Subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other offered security and may or may not be transferable by the person purchasing or receiving the subscription rights. In connection with any subscription rights offering to our shareholders, we may enter into a standby underwriting arrangement with one or more underwriters pursuant to which such underwriters will purchase any offered securities remaining unsubscribed for after such subscription rights offering. In connection with a subscription rights offering to our shareholders, we will distribute certificates evidencing the subscription rights and a prospectus supplement to our shareholders on the record date that we set for receiving subscription rights in such subscription rights offering.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of subscription rights in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:
| ● | the title of such subscription rights; |
| ● | the securities for which such subscription rights are exercisable; |
| ● | the exercise price for such subscription rights; |
| ● | the number of such subscription rights issued to each shareholder; |
| ● | the extent to which such subscription rights are transferable; |
| ● | if applicable, a discussion of the material British Virgin Islands or United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the issuance or exercise of such subscription rights; |
| ● | the date on which the right to exercise such subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which such rights shall expire (subject to any extension); |
| ● | the extent to which such subscription rights include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities; |
| ● | if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or other purchase arrangement that we may enter into in connection with the subscription rights offering; and |
| ● | any other terms of such subscription rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such subscription rights. |
Exercise of Subscription Rights
Each subscription right will entitle the holder of the subscription right to purchase for cash such amount of securities at such exercise price as shall be set forth in, or be determinable as set forth in, the prospectus supplement relating to the subscription rights offered thereby. Subscription rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for such subscription rights set forth in the prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised subscription rights will become void.
Subscription rights may be exercised as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the subscription rights offered thereby. Upon receipt of payment and the subscription rights certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the subscription rights agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will forward, as soon as practicable, the Class A ordinary shares purchasable upon such exercise. We may determine to offer any unsubscribed offered securities directly to persons other than shareholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby underwriting arrangements, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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The following summary of certain provisions of the units does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of the certificate evidencing the units that will be filed with the SEC in connection with the offering of such units.
We may issue units comprised of one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder, with the rights and obligations of a holder, of each security included in the unit. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date or upon the occurrence of a specified event or occurrence.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:
| ● | the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; |
| ● | any unit agreement under which the units will be issued; |
| ● | any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and |
| ● | whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form. |
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We will incur SEC registration fee, printing costs, legal fees and expenses, accounting fees and expenses, and others in connection with the offering of securities. Expenses of any of the securities offered by this prospectus will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement(s) relating to the offering of those securities.
We are being represented by Ellenoff Grossman& Schole LLP with respect to certain legal matters of U.S. federal securities and New York State law. The validity of the Class A ordinary shares offered in this offering and certain other legal matters as to British Virgin Islands law will be passed upon for us by Mourant Ozannes (British Virgin Islands). Certain legal matters as to Singapore law will be passed upon for us by Triangle Legal LLC. Certain legal matters as to Malaysian law will be passed upon for us by HL Tan Lim & Partners. Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP may rely upon Mourant Ozannes (British Virgin Islands) with respect to matters governed by British Virgin Islands law, Triangle Legal LLC with respect to matters governed by Singapore law, and HL Tan Lim & Partners with respect to matters governed by Malaysian law.
The consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, incorporated by reference in this prospectus to the 2025 Annual Report, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of Marcum Asia CPAs LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The office of Marcum Asia CPAs LLP is located at 7 Pennsylvania Plaza, Suite 830, New York, NY 10001, United States.
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ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
British Virgin Islands
We have been advised by our BVI legal counsel, Mourant Ozannes (British Virgin Islands), that the courts of the BVI are unlikely (i) to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any State; and (ii) in original actions brought in the BVI, to impose liabilities against us predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any State, insofar as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. Although there is no statutory enforcement in the BVI of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the BVI will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the BVI, such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum, and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a BVI judgment in respect of the same matter, impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner, and or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the BVI (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A BVI Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere. There is recent Privy Council authority (which is binding on the BVI Court) in the context of a reorganization plan approved by the New York Bankruptcy Court which suggests that due to the universal nature of bankruptcy/insolvency proceedings, foreign money judgments obtained in foreign bankruptcy/insolvency proceedings may be enforced without applying the principles outlined above. However, a more recent English Supreme Court authority (which is highly persuasive but not binding on the BVI Court), has expressly rejected that approach in the context of a default judgment obtained in an adversary proceeding brought in the New York Bankruptcy Court by the receivers of the bankruptcy debtor against a third party, and which would not have been enforceable upon the application of the traditional common law principles summarized above and held that foreign money judgments obtained in bankruptcy/insolvency proceedings should be enforced by applying the principles set out above, and not by the simple exercise of the courts’ discretion. We understand that there isn’t any BVI Court judgment or statute that conclusively resolves these conflicting approaches and it remains the case that the law regarding the enforcement of bankruptcy/insolvency related judgments is still in a state of uncertainty.
Singapore
There is uncertainty as to whether judgments of courts in the United States based upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state or territory of the United States will be recognized and/or enforced by the Singapore courts, and there is doubt as to whether the Singapore courts will enter judgments in original actions brought in the Singapore courts based solely on the civil liability provisions of these securities laws. An in personam final and conclusive judgment in the federal or state courts of the United States under which a fixed or ascertainable sum of money is payable may generally be enforced as a debt in the Singapore courts under the common law as long as it is established that the Singapore courts have jurisdiction over the judgment debtor. The United States is not a country to which the Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 of Singapore applies, and accordingly a judgment of a United States court cannot be registered for enforcement under that Act and may only be enforced, if at all, by way of a fresh common law action for the judgment debt. However, the Singapore courts are unlikely to enforce a foreign judgment if (a) the foreign judgment does not qualify as a judgment to which the Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 of Singapore applies or was not registered in accordance with the provisions of the Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 of Singapore; (b) the courts of the country of the original court of the foreign judgment had no jurisdiction in the circumstances of the case, (c) the recognition or enforcement of the foreign judgment would contravene the public policy of Singapore; (d) the proceedings in which the foreign judgment was obtained were contrary to principles of natural justice; (e) the foreign judgment was obtained by fraud; (f) the enforcement of the foreign judgment amounts to the direct or indirect enforcement of a foreign penal, revenue or other public law; (g) the rights under the judgment are not vested in the person by whom the application for registration of the foreign judgment was made; (h) a foreign judgment that has been wholly satisfied, discharged or a judgment which cannot be enforced by execution in the country of the original court, (i) if the matter in dispute in the proceedings in the original court had before the date of the foreign judgment in the original court been the subject of a final and conclusive judgment by a court having jurisdiction in the matter; or (j) if the notice of registration of the foreign judgment was defective or has not been served on the judgment debtor.
In particular, the Singapore Courts may potentially not allow the enforcement of any foreign judgment for a sum payable in respect of taxes, fines, penalties or other similar charges, including the judgments of courts in the United States based upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state or territory of the United States. In respect of civil liability provisions of the United States federal and state securities laws that permit punitive damages against us and our Directors or Executive Officers, the Singapore courts generally do not recognize or enforce such judgments to the extent that they are punitive or penal. As at the date of this prospectus, we are unaware of any decision by the Singapore courts that has considered the specific issue of whether a judgment of a United States court based on such civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state or territory of the United States is enforceable in Singapore.
Further, all of our Directors and Executive Officers reside outside the United States. In addition, a majority of our assets and the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult to enforce in the United States any judgment obtained in the United States against us or any of such persons, including judgments based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws. In addition, in original actions brought in courts in jurisdictions located outside the United States, it may be difficult for investors to automatically enforce liabilities based upon U.S. securities laws.
Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Singapore courts would enforce against us, our Directors and/or our officers, judgments obtained in the United States which based on the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States.
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Malaysia
There is an element of uncertainty regarding the recognition or enforcement of judgments obtained against us, our directors, or officers by United States courts, based on the civil liability provisions of US securities laws or state laws. It is also unclear whether the courts in Malaysia would entertain original actions brought against us, our directors, or officers, based on the securities laws of the United States.
Be it as it may, the Reciprocal Enforcement of Judgments Act 1958 of Malaysia, or REJA allows for the enforcement of judgments from specific Commonwealth countries listed in the First Schedule of REJA. These countries include the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, Republic of Sri Lanka, India, and Brunei, referred to as “reciprocating countries.” When a foreign judgment from a reciprocating country is presented before a Malaysian court for enforcement, it can be registered under section 4(1) of REJA. Once registered, the foreign judgment, if it meets certain criteria (such as being a civil judgment for an outstanding monetary sum that is enforceable in the original country’s court), can be enforced in Malaysia. The registered foreign judgment holds the same legal weight and authority as a judgment issued by a Malaysian court.
Foreign judgments obtained in countries not listed in the First Schedule to REJA must be enforced according to the common law rule in Malaysia. The United States is not listed as a reciprocating country in the First Schedule to REJA. To enforce a judgment issued in the United States in Malaysia under Malaysian common law principles, fresh proceedings must be initiated in a Malaysia court. There are specific conditions that must be met for these foreign judgments to be enforceable. These conditions include the following:
| (a) | The judgment is for a definite sum, and which is final and conclusive; |
| (b) | The original court granting the judgment had jurisdiction in the action; |
| (c) | The judgment was not obtained by fraud; |
| (d) | The proceedings in which the judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice; and |
| (e) | The enforcement of the judgment would not be contrary to public policy in Malaysia. |
Material income tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of any of the securities offered by this prospectus will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement(s) relating to the offering of those securities.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to a foreign private issuer. Under the Exchange Act, we file Annual Reports on Form 20-F and other information with the SEC. We also furnish to the SEC under cover of Form 6-K material information required to be made public in our home country, filed with and made public by any stock exchange on which we are listed or distributed by us to our shareholders. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from, among other things, the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
The SEC maintains a website that contains reports and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.
This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement on Form F-3 that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above. Forms of the documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters.
23
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with them. Incorporation by reference allows us to disclose important information to you by referring you to those other documents. This means that we can disclose important information by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and information that we file with the SEC after the date of this prospectus and before the termination or completion of this offering will also be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents and will automatically update and supersede previously filed information, including information contained in this document.
The documents we are incorporating by reference are:
| ● | our Reports on Form 6-K furnished to the SEC on April 28, 2026, June 16, 2026, June 24, 2026, and June 29, 2026; and |
| ● | our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on April 21, 2026, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F filed with the SEC on April 24, 2026; and |
| ● | the description of our Class A ordinary shares contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed on April 18, 2024 pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act, together with all amendments and reports filed for the purpose of updating that description. |
We are also incorporating by reference all subsequent Annual Reports on Form 20-F that we file with the SEC and we may also incorporate certain reports on Forms 6-K that we furnish to the SEC by identifying in such forms that they are being incorporated by reference into this Form F-3 after (i) the date of the initial registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement (if they state that they are incorporated by reference into such registration statement) and (ii) the date of this prospectus prior to the termination of this offering (if they state that they are incorporated by reference into this prospectus). In all cases, you should rely on the later information over different information included in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.
Unless expressly incorporated by reference, nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate by reference information furnished to, but not filed with, the SEC.
Copies of all documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to those documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in this prospectus, will be provided at no cost to each person, including any beneficial owner, who receives a copy of this prospectus on the written or oral request of that person made to:
Zhi Yong (Jason) Phua
YY Group Holding Limited
60 Paya Lebar Road
#09-13/14/15/16/17
Paya Lebar Square
Singapore 409051
Tel: +65 9842 0085
You should rely only on information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We are not making offers to sell the securities in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.
Except as otherwise described in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and in our reports on Form 6-K incorporated by reference herein and as disclosed in this prospectus, no reportable material changes have occurred since December 31, 2025.
24
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 8. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
British Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our memorandum and articles of association provide that we shall indemnify each of our directors, officers and other persons as determined by our board of directors, against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained in connection with the execution or discharge of their duties, powers, authorities or discretions, except as a result of their own dishonesty, wilful default or fraud. This right of indemnification shall not exclude any other right to which any such person may be entitled.
Pursuant to our offer letters to directors, we agree to indemnify our directors against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being such a director.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.
II-1
Item 9. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed with this registration statement or are incorporated herein by reference.
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | To be filed by an amendment or as an exhibit to a document to be incorporated by reference into this registration statement. |
Item 10. Undertakings.
| (a) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: |
| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| (i) | To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; |
| (ii) | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and |
| (iii) | To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii), and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is a part of the registration statement. |
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
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| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| (4) | To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished, provided, that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act or Item 8.A of Form 20-F if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Form F-3. |
| (5) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser: |
| (i) | Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and |
| (ii) | Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. |
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| (6) | That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| (i) | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
| (ii) | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
| (iii) | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
| (iv) | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Singapore on July 10, 2026.
| YY Group Holding Limited | |||
| By: | /s/ Xiaowei Fu | ||
| Name: | Xiaowei Fu | ||
| Title: | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director | ||
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KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Xiaowei Fu and Zhi Yong (Jason) Phua as true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments including post-effective amendments to this registration statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his substitute, each acting alone, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on July 10, 2026.
| Signature | Title | |
| /s/ Xiaowei Fu | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director | |
| Xiaowei Fu | ||
| /s/ Fan Zhang | Business Development Director and Executive Director | |
| Fan Zhang | ||
| /s/ Zhi Yong (Jason) Phua | Chief Financial Officer | |
| Zhi Yong (Jason) Phua | ||
| /s/ Kai Ching Lim | Independent Director | |
| Kai Ching Lim | ||
| /s/ York Chao (Nicholas) Ngoh | Independent Director | |
| York Chao (Nicholas) Ngoh | ||
| /s/ Yongxian Chan | Independent Director | |
| Yongxian Chan |
II-6
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED U.S. REPRESENTATIVE
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of YY Group Holding Limited has signed this registration statement in Newark, Delaware on July 10, 2026.
Authorized U.S. Representative
Cogency Global Inc.
| By: | /s/ Colleen A. De Vries | |
| Name: | Collen A. De Vries | |
| Title: | Sr. Vice President on behalf of Cogency Global Inc. |
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Exhibit 4.2
YY Group Holding Limited, as
ISSUER
and
[ ], as
INDENTURE TRUSTEE
INDENTURE
Dated as of [ ]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |||
| ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE | 1 | ||
| Section 1.01 | Definitions | 1 | |
| Section 1.02 | Other Definitions | 4 | |
| Section 1.03 | Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act | 4 | |
| Section 1.04 | Rules of Construction | 4 | |
| ARTICLE II THE SECURITIES | 5 | ||
| Section 2.01 | Issuable in Series | 5 | |
| Section 2.02 | Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities | 5 | |
| Section 2.03 | Execution and Authentication | 6 | |
| Section 2.04 | Registrar and Paying Agent | 7 | |
| Section 2.05 | Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust | 7 | |
| Section 2.06 | Holder Lists | 7 | |
| Section 2.07 | Transfer and Exchange | 7 | |
| Section 2.08 | Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities | 8 | |
| Section 2.09 | Outstanding Securities | 8 | |
| Section 2.10 | Treasury Securities | 8 | |
| Section 2.11 | Temporary Securities | 8 | |
| Section 2.12 | Cancellation | 9 | |
| Section 2.13 | Defaulted Interest | 9 | |
| Section 2.14 | Global Securities | 9 | |
| Section 2.15 | CUSIP Numbers | 10 | |
| ARTICLE III REDEMPTION | 10 | ||
| Section 3.01 | Notice to Trustee | 10 | |
| Section 3.02 | Selection of Securities to be Redeemed | 10 | |
| Section 3.03 | Notice of Redemption | 10 | |
| Section 3.04 | Effect of Notice of Redemption | 11 | |
| Section 3.05 | Deposit of Redemption Price | 11 | |
| Section 3.06 | Securities Redeemed in Part | 11 | |
| ARTICLE IV COVENANTS | 11 | ||
| Section 4.01 | Payment of Principal and Interest | 11 | |
| Section 4.02 | SEC Reports | 11 | |
| Section 4.03 | Compliance Certificate | 12 | |
| Section 4.04 | Stay, Extension and Usury Laws | 12 | |
| ARTICLE V SUCCESSORS | 12 | ||
| Section 5.01 | When Company May Merge, etc. | 12 | |
| Section 5.02 | Successor Corporation Substituted | 12 | |
| ARTICLE VI DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES | 12 | ||
| Section 6.01 | Events of Default | 12 | |
| Section 6.02 | Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment | 13 | |
| Section 6.03 | Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee | 14 | |
| Section 6.04 | Trustee May File Proofs of Claim | 14 | |
| Section 6.05 | Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities | 14 | |
| Section 6.06 | Application of Money Collected | 15 | |
| Section 6.07 | Limitation on Suits | 15 | |
i
| Section 6.08 | Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest | 15 | |
| Section 6.09 | Restoration of Rights and Remedies | 15 | |
| Section 6.10 | Rights and Remedies Cumulative | 16 | |
| Section 6.11 | Delay or Omission Not Waiver | 16 | |
| Section 6.12 | Control by Holders | 16 | |
| Section 6.13 | Waiver of Past Defaults | 16 | |
| Section 6.14 | Undertaking for Costs | 16 | |
| ARTICLE VII TRUSTEE | 17 | ||
| Section 7.01 | Duties of Trustee | 17 | |
| Section 7.02 | Rights of Trustee | 18 | |
| Section 7.03 | Individual Rights of Trustee | 18 | |
| Section 7.04 | Trustee’s Disclaimer | 19 | |
| Section 7.05 | Notice of Defaults | 19 | |
| Section 7.06 | Reports by Trustee to Holders | 19 | |
| Section 7.07 | Compensation and Indemnity | 19 | |
| Section 7.08 | Replacement of Trustee | 19 | |
| Section 7.09 | Successor Trustee by Merger, etc. | 20 | |
| Section 7.10 | Eligibility; Disqualification | 20 | |
| Section 7.11 | Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company | 20 | |
| ARTICLE VIII SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE | 20 | ||
| Section 8.01 | Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture | 20 | |
| Section 8.02 | Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification | 21 | |
| Section 8.03 | Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series | 21 | |
| Section 8.04 | Covenant Defeasance | 22 | |
| Section 8.05 | Repayment to Company | 23 | |
| Section 8.06 | Reinstatement | 23 | |
| ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS | 23 | ||
| Section 9.01 | Without Consent of Holders | 23 | |
| Section 9.02 | With Consent of Holders | 24 | |
| Section 9.03 | Limitations | 24 | |
| Section 9.04 | Compliance with Trust Indenture Act | 25 | |
| Section 9.05 | Revocation and Effect of Consents | 25 | |
| Section 9.06 | Notation on or Exchange of Securities | 25 | |
| Section 9.07 | Trustee Protected | 25 | |
| ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS | 25 | ||
| Section 10.01 | Trust Indenture Act Controls | 25 | |
| Section 10.02 | Notices | 26 | |
| Section 10.03 | Communication by Holders with Other Holders | 26 | |
| Section 10.04 | Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent | 26 | |
| Section 10.05 | Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion | 26 | |
| Section 10.06 | Rules by Trustee and Agents | 27 | |
| Section 10.07 | Legal Holidays | 27 | |
| Section 10.08 | No Recourse Against Others | 27 | |
| Section 10.09 | Counterparts | 27 | |
| Section 10.10 | Governing Laws | 27 | |
| Section 10.11 | No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements | 27 | |
| Section 10.12 | Successors | 27 | |
| Section 10.13 | Severability | 27 | |
| Section 10.14 | Table of Contents, Headings, etc. | 27 | |
| Section 10.15 | Securities in a Foreign Currency | 27 | |
| Section 10.16 | U.S.A. Patriot Act | 28 | |
| Section 10.17 | Waiver of Jury Trial | 28 | |
| ARTICLE XI SINKING FUNDS | 28 | ||
| Section 11.01 | Applicability of Article | 28 | |
| Section 11.02 | Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities | 28 | |
| Section 11.03 | Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund | 28 | |
ii
YY Group Holding Limited
Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and
Indenture, dated as of [ ].
| Section 310 (a)(1) | 7.10 | |
| (a)(2) | 7.10 | |
| (a)(3) | NOT APPLICABLE | |
| (a)(4) | NOT APPLICABLE | |
| (a)(5) | 7.10 | |
| (b) | 7.10 | |
| Section 311 (a) | 7.11 | |
| (b) | 7.11 | |
| (c) | NOT APPLICABLE | |
| Section 312 (a) | 2.06 | |
| (b) | 10.03 | |
| (c) | 10.03 | |
| Section 313 (a) | 7.06 | |
| (b)(1) | 7.06 | |
| (b)(2) | 7.06 | |
| (c)(1) | 7.06 | |
| (d) | 7.06 | |
| Section 314 (a) | 4.02, 10.05 | |
| (b) | NOT APPLICABLE | |
| (c)(1) | 10.04 | |
| (c)(2) | 10.04 | |
| (c)(3) | NOT APPLICABLE | |
| (d) | NOT APPLICABLE | |
| (e) | 10.05 | |
| (f) | NOT APPLICABLE | |
| Section 315 (a) | 7.01 | |
| (b) | 7.05 | |
| (c) | 7.01 | |
| (d) | 7.01 | |
| (e) | 6.14 | |
| Section 316 (a) | 2.10 | |
| (a)(1)(a) | 6.12 | |
| (a)(1)(b) | 6.13 | |
| (b) | 6.08 | |
| Section 317 (a)(1) | 6.03 | |
| (a)(2) | 6.04 | |
| (b) | 2.05 | |
| Section 318 (a) | 10.01 |
INDENTURE, dated as of [ ], between YY Group Holding Limited, a British Virgin Islands company (“Company”), and [ ], as trustee (“Trustee”).
Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.
iii
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
Section 1.01 Definitions.
“Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders, as calculated by the Company.
“Affiliate” of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.
“Agent” means any Registrar or Paying Agent.
“Applicable Procedures” means, with respect to any transfer or transaction involving a Global Security or beneficial interest therein, the rules and procedures of DTC or any successor Depositary, in each case to the extent applicable to such transaction and as in effect from time to time.
“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.
“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by an authorized officer of the Company have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.
“Capital Interests” means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock, including, without limitation, with respect to partnerships, partnership interests (whether general or limited) and any other interest or participation that confers on a person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, such partnership.
“Company” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.
“Company Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
“Company Request” means a written request signed in the name of the Company by its Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer and delivered to the Trustee.
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“Corporate Trust Office” means the address of the Trustee specified in Section 10.02, or such other address as to which the Trustee may give notice to the Holders and the Company.
“Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.
“Depositary” means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.
“Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.
“Dollars” and “$” means the currency of The United States of America.
“DTC” means the Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Foreign Currency” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.
“Foreign Government Obligations” means, with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i) direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of such government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.
“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession.
“Global Security” or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.02 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or nominee.
“Holder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered.
“Indenture” means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.
“interest” with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity means interest payable after Maturity.
“Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security or installment of principal thereof, means the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.
“Officer” means the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, President, or any other officer of the Company designated by the Board of Directors, as the case may be.
2
“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company.
“person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
“principal” of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.
“Responsible Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office with direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.
“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Securities” means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
“Series” or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.01 and 2.02 hereof.
“Stated Maturity” means when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any person, any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Interests entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof or, in the case of a partnership, more than 50% of the partners’ Capital Interests (considering all partners’ Capital Interests as a single class), is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such person or combination thereof; or in the case of a partnership, joint venture, association or other business entity, with respect to which such person or any of its subsidiaries has the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such entity by contract or otherwise, or if in accordance with GAAP such entity is consolidated with such person for financial statement purposes.
“TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code Sections 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.
“Trustee” means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.
“U.S. Government Obligations” means securities which are (i) direct obligations of The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of The United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by The United States of America, and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.
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Section 1.02 Other Definitions.
| TERM | Defined
in Section | |||
| Bankruptcy Law | 6.01 | |||
| Custodian | 6.01 | |||
| Event of Default | 6.01 | |||
| Legal Holiday | 10.07 | |||
| mandatory sinking fund payment | 11.01 | |||
| Market Exchange Rate | 10.15 | |||
| optional sinking fund payment | 11.01 | |||
| Paying Agent | 2.04 | |||
| Registrar | 2.04 | |||
| Successor Person | 5.01 | |||
Section 1.03 Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.
Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:
“Commission” means the SEC.
“indenture securities” means the Securities.
“indenture security holder” means a Holder.
“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture.
“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.
“obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.
All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.
Section 1.04 Rules of Construction.
Unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) a term has the meaning assigned to it;
(b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) references to “generally accepted accounting principles” and “GAAP” shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in effect as of the time when and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied;
(d) “or” is not exclusive;
(e) words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and
(f) provisions apply to successive events and transactions.
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ARTICLE II
THE SECURITIES
Section 2.01 Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.
Section 2.02 Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities. At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.02(a) and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.02(b) through 2.02(s)) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate:
(a) the form and title of the Series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series);
(b) the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;
(c) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Sections 2.07, 2.08, 2.11, 3.06 or 9.06);
(d) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;
(e) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;
(f) the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;
(g) if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;
(h) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
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(i) the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;
(j) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;
(k) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02;
(l) the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;
(m) the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;
(n) any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.02;
(o) any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;
(p) the provisions, if any, relating to conversion of any Securities of such Series, including, if applicable, the securities into which the Securities are convertible, the conversion price, the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be mandatory, at the option of the Holders or at the option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting conversion if such Series of Securities are redeemed;
(q) whether the Securities of such Series will be senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities and, if applicable, a description of the subordination terms thereof;
(r) any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein; and
(s) any other terms of the Securities of the Series (which may modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series).
All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate referred to above, and, unless otherwise provided in such Board Resolution, a Series may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for increases in the aggregate principal amount of such Series and issuances of additional Securities of such Series.
Section 2.03 Execution and Authentication. At least one Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature. If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid. A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture. The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Such Company Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to electronic instructions in PDF from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate. The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02, except as provided in Section 2.02 or 2.08. Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.02) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers’ Certificate complying with Section 10.04 and (c)(1) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.04 or (2) an Opinion of Counsel (or reliance letter with respect to an Opinion of Counsel) that the Securities have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and such Securities will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms. The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.
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Section 2.04 Registrar and Paying Agent. The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.02, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”), and where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“Registrar”). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and of their transfer and exchange. The Company hereby appoints the Trustee as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar or Paying Agent. The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars or additional paying agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar and a Paying Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.02 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar or additional paying agent. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; and the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent. The Company hereby appoints the Trustee as the initial Registrar and Paying Agent for each Series unless another Registrar or Paying Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.
Section 2.05 Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust. The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon an Event of Default under Section 6.01(d) or (e), the Trustee shall be the Paying Agent.
Section 2.06 Holder Lists. The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Holders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten (10) days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders of each Series of Securities.
Section 2.07 Transfer and Exchange. Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.06 or 9.06). Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the delivery of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such delivery, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.
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Section 2.08 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.
(a) If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.
(b) Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. Every new Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder. The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.
Section 2.09 Outstanding Securities. The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding. If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.08, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a protected purchaser. If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.
Section 2.10 Treasury Securities. In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, Securities of a Series owned by the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.
Section 2.11 Temporary Securities. Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon request shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.
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Section 2.12 Cancellation. The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation in accordance with its customary procedures. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
Section 2.13 Defaulted Interest. If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest at the rate established for the particular Series, if any, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Holders of the Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the special record date and payment date; provided that if no rate for defaulted interest is specified for any Series of Securities, then the defaulted interest rate shall be the interest rate specified for such Series of Securities. At least ten (10) days before the special record date, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee and to each Holder of the Series a notice that states the record date, the related payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may also pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.
Section 2.14 Global Securities.
(a) Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities.
(b) Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.07 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.07 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event, (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (iii) an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.
(c) Except as provided in this Section 2.14(c), a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.
(d) Legend. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:
“This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee of the Depositary. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depositary or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.”
(e) Acts of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.
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(f) Payments. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.
(g) Consents, Declaration and Directions. Except as provided in Section 2.14(g), the Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.
(h) The Depositary or its nominee, as registered owner of a Global Security, shall be the Holder of such Global Security for all purposes under the Indenture and the Securities, and owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security shall hold such interests pursuant to the Applicable Procedures. Accordingly, any such owner’s beneficial interest in a Global Security will be shown only on, and the transfer of such interest shall be effected only through, records maintained by the Depositary or its nominee and such owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security will not be considered the owners or holders thereof. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security, where this Indenture or any Global Security provides for notice of any event (including any notice of redemption or repurchase) to a Holder of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given if given to the Depositary (or its designee) pursuant to the standing instructions from the Depositary or its designee, including by electronic mail in accordance with applicable Depositary procedures.
Section 2.15 CUSIP Numbers. The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in “CUSIP” numbers of which the Company becomes aware.
ARTICLE III
REDEMPTION
Section 3.01 Notice to Trustee. The Company may, with respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of the redemption date and the principal amount of the Series of Securities to be redeemed.
Section 3.02 Selection of Securities to be Redeemed. Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Securities of the Series to be redeemed in any manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate. The Trustee shall make the selection from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. Securities of a Series and portions selected for redemption shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.02(j), the minimum principal denomination for each Series and integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption. The Trustee shall not be liable for the selection made in accordance with this Section 3.02.
Section 3.03 Notice of Redemption.
(a) Unless otherwise specified for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall deliver notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed. The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:
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(i) the redemption date;
(ii) the redemption price or the manner of the calculation of the redemption price;
(iii) the name and address of the Paying Agent;
(iv) that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;
(v) that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date;
(vi) the CUSIP number, if any; and
(vii) any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.
At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at its expense; provided that the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least five Business Days (or such shorter period as the Trustee may consent to in writing) before notice of redemption is required to be delivered or caused to be delivered to Holders pursuant to this Section 3.03, an Officers’ Certificate of the Company requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph.
Section 3.04 Effect of Notice of Redemption. Once notice of redemption is delivered as provided in Section 3.03, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date; provided that installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the redemption date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities (or one or more predecessor Securities) registered at the close of business on the relevant record date therefor according to their terms and the terms of this Indenture.
Section 3.05 Deposit of Redemption Price. Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate, on or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.
Section 3.06 Securities Redeemed in Part. Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.
ARTICLE IV
COVENANTS
Section 4.01 Payment of Principal and Interest. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.
Section 4.02 SEC Reports. Any information, documents or other reports that the Company shall file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is filed with the Commission; provided that any such information, documents or reports filed or furnished with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (or EDGAR) system shall be deemed filed with the Trustee as of the time such information, documents or reports are filed or furnished via EDGAR.
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Section 4.03 Compliance Certificate. The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officers’ Certificate stating whether or not to the knowledge of the signers thereof the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder), and if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, specifying all such Defaults or Events of Default and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge.
Section 4.04 Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities or any other law that would prohibit or forgive the Company from paying all or any portion of the principal of, or interest on, the Securities as contemplated in the Indenture, any indenture supplemental thereto relating to the Securities or the Securities and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.
ARTICLE V
SUCCESSORS
Section 5.01 When Company May Merge, Etc. The Company shall not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, another person (a “Successor Person”) unless:
(a) the Company is the surviving corporation or the Successor Person (if other than the Company) is organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction or under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company’s obligations on the Securities and under this Indenture; and
(b) immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officers’ Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.
Section 5.02 Successor Corporation Substituted. Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such Successor Person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.
ARTICLE VI
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
Section 6.01 Events of Default.
“Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default or the terms of such Event of Default have been modified or superseded as set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate for such Securities of any Series:
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(a) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to the expiration of such period of 30 days); or
(b) default in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or
(c) default in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty for which the consequences of nonperformance or breach are addressed elsewhere in this Section 6.01 and other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a Series of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or
(d) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:
(i) commences a voluntary case or proceeding;
(ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,
(iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,
(iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or
(v) makes an admission in writing that it is generally unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or
(e) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:
(i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case,
(ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or
(iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days; or
(f) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.02(n).
The term “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11 of the U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
Section 6.02 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 6.01(d) or (e)), then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article; provided that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13. No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
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Section 6.03 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
The Company covenants that if:
(a) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or
(b) default is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.
If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.
If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.
Section 6.04 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, (a) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and (b) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.
Section 6.05 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.
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Section 6.06 Application of Money Collected.
Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07; and
Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and
Third: To the Company.
Section 6.07 Limitation on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:
(a) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;
(b) the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;
(c) such Holder or Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;
(d) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and
(e) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series;
it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.
Section 6.08 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.
Section 6.09 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.
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Section 6.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.08, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
Section 6.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.
Section 6.12 Control by Holders. Subject to Section 7.02(f), the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that:
(a) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,
(b) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and
(c) subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability.
Section 6.13 Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default (i) in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration) or (ii) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each outstanding Security of such Series affected. Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
Section 6.14 Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).
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ARTICLE VII
TRUSTEE
Section 7.01 Duties of Trustee.
(a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.
(b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:
(i) The Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee.
(ii) In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely and is fully protected, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officers’ Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officers’ Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein) .
(c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:
(i) This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.
(ii) The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.
(iii) The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series.
(d) Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.
(e) The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power at the request or direction of any Holder unless it receives indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.
(f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
(g) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
(h) The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including the right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder and to its agents. The provisions set forth in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section shall apply to the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder and its agents.
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Section 7.02 Rights of Trustee.
(a) The Trustee may conclusively rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.
(b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting at the direction of the Company, it may require an Officers’ Certificate. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate.
(c) The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee, and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary.
(d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers, provided that the Trustee’s conduct does not constitute negligence or willful misconduct.
(e) The Trustee may consult with counsel, and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder without negligence and in good faith and in reliance thereon.
(f) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.
(g) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by the Trustee to be genuine and to have been signed or delivered by the proper person.
(h) The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default, other than a failure by the Company to make any payment hereunder when due if the Trustee is the Paying Agent, unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this Indenture and states that it is a “notice of default.”
(i) The permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein shall not be construed as duties.
(j) In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any special, indirect, punitive, incidental or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, lost profits) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.
(k) Neither the Trustee nor any Agent shall be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligation under this Indenture arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, acts of God; earthquakes; fire; flood; wars; acts of terrorism; civil or military disturbances; sabotage; epidemic; riots; interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, computer (hardware or software) or communications services; accidents; labor disputes; acts of civil or military authority or governmental action; it being understood that each of the Trustee and Agents shall use commercially reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as reasonably practicable under the circumstances.
(l) The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers and duties hereunder.
Section 7.03 Individual Rights of Trustee. The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.
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Section 7.04 Trustee’s Disclaimer. The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.
Section 7.05 Notice of Defaults. If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall deliver to each Holder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as it in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Holders of that Series.
Section 7.06 Reports by Trustee to Holders. Within 60 days after March 15 in each year, the Trustee shall transmit by deliver to all Holders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar a brief report dated as of such March 15, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA Section 313. A copy of each report at the time of its delivery to Holders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities of that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series are listed on any stock exchange.
Section 7.07 Compensation and Indemnity. The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel. The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee (including the cost of defending itself) against any loss, liability or expense, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it except as set forth in this Section 7.07 in the performance of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure or delay by the Trustee to so notify the Company of any claim for which it may seek indemnity shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder except to the extent such failure or delay shall have materially prejudiced the Company. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have one separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee. The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through the gross negligence or willful misconduct of any such persons as determined by a final order of a court of competent jurisdiction. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any insolvency, bankruptcy or similar law. The provisions of this Section shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination or discharge of this Indenture.
Section 7.08 Replacement of Trustee. A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series if:
(a) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;
(b) the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any insolvency, bankruptcy or similar law;
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(c) a custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or
(d) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.
If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee.
If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.
A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall deliver a notice of its succession to each Holder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it prior to the date of such replacement.
Section 7.09 Successor Trustee by Merger, etc. If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business (including administration of this Indenture) to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.
Section 7.10 Eligibility; Disqualification. This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section 310(a)(1), (2) and (5) and has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. The Trustee shall comply with TIA Section 310(b).
Section 7.11 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated.
ARTICLE VIII
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
Section 8.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.
This Indenture shall upon Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.01), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when
(a) any of the following shall have occurred:
(i) no Securities have been issued hereunder;
(ii) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
(iii) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (1) have become due and payable, or (2) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or (3) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company; and the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable on or prior to the date of such deposit) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be;
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(b) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and
(c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.
Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.07 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.05, 2.07, 2.08, 8.01, 8.02 and 8.05 shall survive.
Section 8.02 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.
(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 8.05, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (other than the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.03 or 8.04.
(b) The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.03 or 8.04 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.
(c) The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.03 or 8.04 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.
Section 8.03 Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series. Unless this Section 8.03 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, at Company Request, execute such instruments reasonably requested by the Company acknowledging the same), except as to:
(a) the rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest, and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such Series; and
(b) the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.05, 2.07, 2.08, 8.02, 8.03 and 8.05; and
(c) the rights, powers, trust and immunities of the Trustee hereunder; provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
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(d) with reference to this Section 8.03, the Company shall have deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.02(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;
(e) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
(f) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;
(g) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;
(h) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company;
(i) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with; and
(j) such defeasance shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder.
Section 8.04 Covenant Defeasance. Unless this Section 8.04 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, on and after the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (a) hereof, the Company may omit to comply with respect to the Securities of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.02, 4.03, and 5.01 as well as any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default with respect to such Series under Section 6.01) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
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(a) with reference to this Section 8.04, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.02(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;
(b) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
(c) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;
(d) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance had not occurred;
(e) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with; and
(f) Such defeasance shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder.
Section 8.05 Repayment to Company. The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon written request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years, and after such time, Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person.
Section 8.06 Reinstatement. If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money deposited with respect to Securities of any series in accordance with Section 8.01 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series and under the Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.01 until such time as the Trustee or the Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.01; provided, however, that if the Company has made any payment of principal of, premium (if any) or interest on any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or the Paying Agent.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
Section 9.01 Without Consent of Holders. Unless otherwise specified for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Holder:
(a) to evidence the succession of another person to the Company under this Indenture and the Securities and the assumption by any such Successor Person of the obligations of the Company hereunder and under the Securities;
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(b) to add covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company provided such action does not adversely affect the interests of the Holders;
(c) to add any additional Events of Default;
(d) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form;
(e) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, provided that any such addition, change or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding;
(f) to establish the forms or terms of the Securities of any series issued pursuant to the terms hereof;
(g) to cure any ambiguity or correct any inconsistency in this Indenture;
(h) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee;
(i) to qualify this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;
(j) to provide for uncertificated securities in addition to certificated securities;
(k) to supplement any provisions of this Indenture necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities, provided that such action does not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series;
(l) to conform the Indenture to any Description of Securities for a particular Series of Securities; and
(m) to comply with the rules or regulations of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which any of the Securities may be listed or traded.
Section 9.02 With Consent of Holders. The Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series. It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall deliver to the Holders of Securities affected thereby a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to deliver such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.
Section 9.03 Limitations. Unless otherwise specified for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate, without the consent of each Holder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:
(a) reduce the amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;
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(b) reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;
(c) reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;
(d) reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;
(e) waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
(f) make the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;
(g) make any change in Sections 6.08, 6.13, or 9.03; or
(h) waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security.
Section 9.04 Compliance with Trust Indenture Act. Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.
Section 9.05 Revocation and Effect of Consents. Until an amendment is set forth in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture or the date the waiver becomes effective. Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Holder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.03. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security.
Section 9.06 Notation on or Exchange of Securities. The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon request new Securities of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.
Section 9.07 Trustee Protected. In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall receive, in addition to the documents required by Section 10.04, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that all conditions precedent in this Indenture to the execution of such supplemental indenture, if any, have been complied with, such supplemental indenture is authorized hereunder, and, that such supplemental indenture is the valid and legally binding obligation of the Company. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights.
ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 10.01 Trust Indenture Act Controls. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.
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Section 10.02 Notices.
(a) Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail or sent by telecopier transmission or electronic transmission in PDF addressed as follows:
if to the Company:
YY Group Holding Limited
60 Paya Lebar Road, #09-13/14/15/16/17
Paya Lebar Square, Singapore 409051
Attention: Zhi Yong (Jason) Phua, Chief Financial Officer
Copy to:
Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP
1345 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10105
Attention: Wei Wang, Esq.
if to the Trustee:
[ ]
(b) The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be delivered to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Failure to deliver a notice or communication to a Holder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders of that or any other Series. If a notice or communication is delivered in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Holder receives it. If the Company delivers a notice or communication to Holders, it shall deliver a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.
(c) Any notice or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Company may, at the Company’s written request received by the Trustee not fewer than five (5) Business Days prior (or such shorter period of time as may be acceptable to the Trustee) to the date on which such notice must be given or served, be given or served by the Trustee in the name of and at the expense of the Company.
Section 10.03 Communication by Holders with Other Holders. Holders of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA Section 312(b) with other Holders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA
Section 10.04 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent. Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:
(a) an Officers’ Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and
(b) an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.
Section 10.05 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion. Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA Section 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA Section 314(e) and shall include:
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(a) a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;
(b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;
(c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and
(d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
Section 10.06 Rules by Trustee and Agents. The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Holders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.
Section 10.07 Legal Holidays. Unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, a “Legal Holiday” is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.
Section 10.08 No Recourse Against Others. A director, officer, employee or shareholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.
Section 10.09 Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.
Section 10.10 Governing Laws. This Indenture and the Securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York.
Section 10.11 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements. This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.
Section 10.12 Successors. All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.
Section 10.13 Severability. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
Section 10.14 Table of Contents, Headings, Etc. The Table of Contents, Cross-Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.
Section 10.15 Securities in a Foreign Currency. Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in a coin or currency other than Dollars, then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate at such time. For purposes of this Section 10.15, “Market Exchange Rate” shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable transfers of that currency as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. If such Market Exchange Rate is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Company shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of the most recent available date, or quotations from one or more major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question or such other quotations as the Company, shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture. All decisions and determinations of the Company regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company, the Trustee and all Holders. The Trustee shall have no duty to calculate or verify the calculations made pursuant to this Section 10.15.
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Section 10.16 U.S.A. Patriot Act. The Company acknowledges that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions, and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The Company agrees that it will provide the Trustee with such information as it may reasonably request as required in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.
Section 10.17 Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING AS BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE ONLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE OR THE SECURITIES.
ARTICLE XI
SINKING FUNDS
Section 11.01 Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture. The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment” and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.02. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.
Section 11.02 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officers’ Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 11.02, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.
Section 11.03 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.02, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.03. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.
| YY GROUP HOLDING LIMITED, a British Virgin Islands company | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| [ | ]. | |
| as Trustee | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
[Signature Page to Indenture]
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Exhibit 5.1
 | Mourant Ozannes, BVI 5th Floor Waters Edge Building Wickham’s Cay II PO Box 4857 Road Town, Tortola British Virgin Islands
T +1 284 852 1700 F +1 284 852 1799 |
|
YY Group Holding Limited #09-13/14/15/16/17 Paya Lebar Square Singapore 409051 |
Date: 10 July 2026
Our ref: 8079584/258048373/3
Dear Addressee
YY Group Holding Limited (the Company)
We have acted as the Company’s British Virgin Islands legal advisers in connection with the registration statement on Form F-3 (the Registration Statement) which has been filed on or around the date of this opinion with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) under the US Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act).
The Registration Statement relates to the Company’s offering (the Offering) of up to US$100,000,000, consisting of:
| (a) | Class A Ordinary shares of no par value in the Company (the Class A Shares); |
| (b) | debt securities of the Company, which may include debt securities exchangeable for or convertible into Class A Shares (the Debt Securities); |
| (c) | warrants of the Company to purchase Class A Shares, Debt Securities or any combination of those securities (the Warrants); |
| (d) | subscription rights to purchase Class A Shares, Debt Securities or other securities (the Subscription Rights); and |
| (e) | units comprised of one or more of the Class A Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Rights or other securities (the Units, together with the Debt Securities, Warrants and Subscription Rights, the Non-Equity Securities, and collectively with the Class A Shares, and Non-Equity Securities, the Securities). |
The Company has asked us to provide this opinion in connection with the Registration Statement and the issuance of the Securities.
| 1. | Documents, searches and definitions |
| 1.1 | We have reviewed a copy of each of the following documents for the purposes of this opinion: |
| (a) | the Registration Statement; |
| (b) | the Company’s certificate(s) of incorporation (the Certificate of Incorporation) and memorandum and articles of association as amended and restated on 10 November 2023 and as further amended and restated on 16 January 2026 (the M&A) obtained from the Company Search; |
| Mourant Ozannes, BVI is a British Virgin Islands partnership |
| mourant.com |
| (c) | the resolutions in writing of the directors of the Company passed on 10 July 2026 (the Director Resolutions); |
| (d) | a certificate of the Company's registered agent dated 9 July 2026 (the Registered Agent's Certificate); |
| (e) | a copy of the Company's register of directors (the Register of Directors) which was affixed to the Registered Agent's Certificate; |
| (f) | a copy of the Company's shareholder list dated 8 July 2026 (the Register of Members) provided by the Company's transfer agent; and |
| (g) | a certificate of good standing for the Company dated 10 July 2026 issued by the Registrar (the Certificate of Good Standing). |
| 1.2 | We have carried out the following searches (together, the Searches) in relation to the Company: |
| (a) | a search of the records maintained by the Registrar that were on file and available for public inspection at 9:00am on 10 July 2026 (the Company Search); and |
| (b) | a search of the records of proceedings in the BVI Courts available for public inspection contained in the judicial enforcement management system (the electronic register of proceedings) maintained at the registry of the High Court of Justice of the Virgin Islands (the High Court) at 9:00am on 10 July 2026 (the High Court Search). |
| 1.3 | In this opinion: |
| (a) | agreement includes an agreement, deed or other instrument; |
| (b) | BVI means the territory of the British Virgin Islands; |
| (c) | BVI Courts means the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, Court of Appeal (Virgin Islands) and the High Court (Civil and Commercial Divisions), and BVI Court means any of them; |
| (d) | Companies Act means the BVI Business Companies Act, Revised Edition 2020 (as amended); |
| (e) | Company Records means the Certificate of Incorporation, the M&A, the Register of Directors, the Register of Members, the Certificate of Good Standing and the Registered Agent’s Certificate; |
| (f) | executed and its other grammatical forms mean (unless the context requires otherwise) that a document has been signed, dated and unconditionally delivered; |
| (g) | Insolvency Act means the Insolvency Act, Revised Edition 2020 (as amended); |
| (h) | insolvent has the meaning given in the Insolvency Act; |
| (i) | non-assessable means, in relation to a Class A Share, that the purchase price for which the Company agreed to issue that Class A Share has been paid in full to the Company and that no further sum is payable to the Company in respect of that Class A Share; |
| (j) | Prospectus means the prospectus that forms part of the Registration Statement; |
| Mourant Ozannes is a British Virgin Islands partnership |
| mourant.com |
2
| (k) | Registrar means the Registrar of Corporate Affairs appointed under the Companies Act; |
| (l) | Securities Document means any purchase, underwriting, indenture, warrant, subscription rights, unit or similar agreement entered into by the Company relating to the issuance and sale of Securities; and |
| (m) | signed means that a document has been duly signed or sealed. |
| 2. | Assumptions |
We have assumed (and have not independently verified) that:
| 2.1 | each document examined by us: |
| (a) | whether it is an original or copy, is (along with any date, signature, initial, stamp or seal on it) genuine and complete, up-to-date and (where applicable) in full force and effect; and |
| (b) | was (where it was executed after we reviewed it) executed in materially the same form as the last draft of that document examined by us; |
| 2.2 | in approving the issuance of the Securities in accordance with the Registration Statement and each applicable Securities Document, each director of the Company: |
| (a) | acted or will act honestly, in good faith and in what the director believed or believes to be the best interests of the Company; |
| (b) | exercised or will exercise the director’s powers as a director for a proper purpose; and |
| (c) | exercised or will exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances; |
| 2.3 | each director of the Company (and any alternate director) has disclosed or will disclose to each other director any interest of that director (or alternate director) in the transactions contemplated by the Registration Statement and each applicable Securities Document, in accordance with the M&A and the Companies Act; |
| 2.4 | the Director Resolutions were duly passed, are in full force and effect and have not been amended, revoked or superseded and all necessary corporate action will be taken to authorise and approve any issuance of Securities; |
| 2.5 | each document examined by us that has been signed by the Company: |
| (a) | has been signed by the person(s) authorised by the Company to sign it; |
| (b) | (where any signatory is a body corporate) it has been signed in accordance with that body corporate’s constitution and then current signing authorities; and |
| (c) | has been dated and unconditionally delivered by the Company; |
| 2.6 | each party (other than, as a matter of the laws of the BVI, the Company where it is a party) to each Securities Document entered (or to be entered) into relating to the issuance of Securities has (or will have): |
| (a) | the capacity and power; |
| Mourant Ozannes is a British Virgin Islands partnership |
| mourant.com |
3
| (b) | taken or will take all necessary action; and |
| (c) | obtained or made (or will obtain and will make) all necessary agreements, approvals, authorisations, consents, filings, licences, registrations and qualifications (whether as a matter of any law or regulation applicable to it or as a matter of any agreement binding upon it), |
to execute, and perform its obligations under, that Securities Document;
| 2.7 | the Registration Statement has been duly authorised and approved by the Company and the factual representations made in the Registration Statement and other documents reviewed by us are accurate and complete. |
| 2.8 | each applicable Securities Document relating to the issuance of any Securities has been or will be duly authorised and executed by each party (other than, as a matter of the laws of the BVI, the Company where it is a party) to it; |
| 2.9 | there are no documents or arrangements to which the Company is party (or will become party to) or resolutions of the Company’s directors or shareholders that conflict with, or would be breached by or which prohibit the Company’s entry into, or performance of its obligations under, the Registration Statement or the issuance of the Securities; |
| 2.10 | the Company has executed, or will execute each document and has done, or will do, each other act and thing, that it is required to execute or do under the Registration Statement or each applicable Securities Document in connection with the issuance of the Securities; |
| 2.11 | the Securities will be authorised, issued and delivered in accordance with (and the terms of the issuance and sale of those Securities will be duly established in conformity with) the Director Resolutions, all applicable laws, the M&A, the Registration Statement and each applicable Securities Document; |
| 2.12 | the Company will receive the consideration provided for in the applicable Securities Document relating to the issuance of any Securities; |
| 2.13 | each Securities Document is (or will be) in full force and effective, legal, binding and enforceable under all applicable laws at the time that the relevant Securities are issued; |
| 2.14 | the Company was not insolvent and will not become insolvent as a result of executing, or performing its obligations under, any document relating to the issuance of any Securities (including the Registration Statement) or each applicable Securities Document, and at the time the Company issues the Securities (or any of them), no steps will have been taken, or resolutions passed, to appoint a liquidator of the Company or a receiver in respect of the Company or any of its assets; |
| 2.15 | the Company is not carrying on any financial services business (as defined in the Financial Services Commission Act, 2001 (as amended)); |
| 2.16 | the Company is not, nor is it owned or controlled directly or indirectly by, a state or sovereign entity; |
| 2.17 | the obligations of each party under each Securities Document to which it is (or to which it comes) party are (or will be) legal, valid, binding and enforceable under all applicable laws other than the laws of the BVI; |
| 2.18 | none of our opinions will be affected by the laws or public policy of any foreign jurisdiction; |
| 2.19 | the choice of the governing law of each Securities Document has been (or will be) made in good faith; |
| Mourant Ozannes is a British Virgin Islands partnership |
| mourant.com |
4
| 2.20 | in relation to the Searches: |
| (a) | all public records of the Company we have examined are complete and accurate; |
| (b) | all filings required to be made in relation to the Company with the Registrar have been made and there was no information which had been filed that did not appear on the records of the Company at the time of the Company Search; and |
| (c) | the information disclosed by the Searches was at the time of each search, and continues to be, accurate and complete; |
| 2.21 | the Company Records were, and remain at the date of this opinion, accurate and complete; |
| 2.22 | no monies paid to or for the account of any person in relation to any Securities or property received or disposed of by any person in relation to any Securities (including under each applicable Securities Document), represent or will represent proceeds of criminal conduct (as defined in the Proceeds of Criminal Conduct Act, 1997 (as amended)); and |
| 2.23 | none of the Securities have or will be offered or issued to residents of the BVI. |
| 3. | Opinion |
Subject to the assumptions, observations, qualifications and limitations set out in this opinion, and to matters not disclosed to us, we are of the following opinion.
| 3.1 | Status: the Company is registered under the Companies Act, validly exists under the laws of the BVI and, on the date of issue of the Certificate of Good Standing, is of good standing with the Registrar. |
| 3.2 | Issuance of the Class A Shares: when the issuance of the Class A Shares has been specifically authorised by the Company pursuant to the Director Resolutions and the terms of the issuance and sale of the Class A Shares have been duly established in conformity with the M&A and the Director Resolutions, and when (i) the Class A Shares have been issued and delivered as contemplated by the Registration Statement and each applicable Securities Document, (ii) the Company has received the consideration provided for in each applicable Securities Document, and (iii) the name of the respective shareholder is entered in the Company’s register of members, such Class A Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. |
| 3.3 | Issuance of the Non-Equity Securities: when the issuance of the Non-Equity Securities has been specifically authorised by the Company pursuant to the Director Resolutions and the terms of the issuance and sale of the Non-Equity Securities have been duly established in conformity with M&A, the Director Resolutions and each applicable Securities Document, the Non-Equity Securities will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations on the Company in accordance with their terms. |
| 3.4 | High Court Search: the High Court Search does not show any actions or petitions pending against the Company in the BVI Courts at the time of our search. |
| 3.5 | Authorised shares: based solely on our review of the M&A, the Company is authorised to issue an unlimited number of no par value shares, which shall be divided as follows: |
| (a) | Class A ordinary shares of no par value each; and |
| (b) | Class B ordinary shares of no par value each (up to a maximum number of 5,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of no par value each), |
or any combination of the above types of shares, or any combination of the above classes of shares.
| 4. | Qualifications and observations |
This opinion is subject to the following qualifications and observations.
| 4.1 | This opinion is subject to all laws relating to bankruptcy, dissolution, insolvency, re-organisation, liquidation, moratorium, court schemes and other laws and legal procedures of general application affecting or relating to the rights of creditors. |
| 4.2 | Any issuance of securities in the Company must be approved by the directors of the Company in accordance with the M&A. |
| Mourant Ozannes is a British Virgin Islands partnership |
| mourant.com |
5
| 4.3 | Where a director fails, in accordance with the Companies Act, to disclose an interest in a transaction entered into by a BVI company, the transaction is voidable. |
| 4.4 | The Company Search will not reveal any document which has not been filed with the Registrar or which was filed but was not registered or did not appear on the Company’s file at the time of the Company Search. |
| 4.5 | The High Court Search will not reveal (among other things) if there are any: |
| (a) | proceedings or appointments that have not been filed or that have been filed but have not been recorded in the High Court’s judicial enforcement management system; |
| (b) | proceedings commenced prior to 1 January 2000 if no document has been filed since that date; |
| (c) | proceedings against the Company that have been threatened but not filed; |
| (d) | files that have been sealed pursuant to a court order; or |
| (e) | arbitration proceedings in which the Company is a defendant or respondent. |
| 4.6 | The Insolvency Act requires a receiver appointed in respect of a BVI company (or any of its assets) to file a notice of appointment with the Registrar and (if the company is or has been a regulated person (as defined in the Insolvency Act)) with the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission. If the receiver fails to do so, the receiver will be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine. This does not, however, invalidate the receiver’s appointment. |
| 4.7 | Under the Companies Act, a company is of good standing if the Registrar is satisfied that it: |
| (a) | is listed on the register of companies maintained by the Registrar; |
| (b) | has paid to the Registrar all fees, annual fees and penalties due and payable; |
| (c) | has, where applicable, filed its annual return (as defined in the Companies Act) in accordance with section 98A of the Companies Act or it is not yet due to file its annual return; and |
| (d) | has filed with the Registrar a copy of its register of directors which is complete (to the satisfaction of the Registrar as to the requisite information relating to each director and is properly filed) or is not yet due to file its register of directors with the Registrar. |
| 5. | Limitations |
| 5.1 | This opinion is limited to the matters expressly stated in it and it is given solely in connection with the Registration Statement and the issuance of the Securities. |
| 5.2 | For the purposes of this opinion, we have only examined the documents listed in paragraph 1.1 above and carried out the Searches. We have not examined any term or document incorporated by reference, or otherwise referred to, whether in whole or part, in the Registration Statement and we offer no opinion on any such term or document. |
| 5.3 | We have made no investigation of, and express no opinion with respect to, the laws of any jurisdiction other than the BVI or the effect of the Registration Statement under those laws. In particular, we express no opinion as to the meaning or effect of any foreign statutes referred to in the Registration Statement. |
| 5.4 | We assume no obligation to advise the Company (or any person we give consent to rely on this opinion) in relation to changes of fact or law that may have a bearing on the continuing accuracy of this opinion. |
| 6. | Governing law |
This opinion, and any non-contractual obligations arising out of it, are governed by, and to be interpreted in accordance with, BVI laws in force on the date of this opinion.
| 7. | Consent |
| 7.1 | This opinion may only be used in connection with the offer and sale of the Securities while the Registration Statement is effective. |
| 7.2 | We consent to: |
| (a) | the filing of a copy of this opinion as Exhibits 5.1 and 23.2 to the Registration Statement; and |
| (b) | reference to us being made in the section of the Prospectus under the heading Legal Matters and elsewhere in the Prospectus. |
In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are included in the category of persons whose consent is required under section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act.
Yours faithfully
/s/ Mourant Ozannes
Mourant Ozannes (British Virgin Islands)
| Mourant Ozannes is a British Virgin Islands partnership |
| mourant.com |
6
Exhibit 23.1
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM’S CONSENT
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form F-3 of our report dated April 21, 2026 relating to the consolidated financial statements appearing in the Annual Report on Form 20-F, as amended of YY Group Holding Limited for the year ended December 31, 2025. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
New York
July 10, 2026
Exhibit 23.3
www.trianglelegal.com.sg
| Writer | : | Nico Lee | ||
| Joyce Soh | ||||
| 10 July 2026 | : | nico@trianglelegal.com.sg | ||
| joyce@trianglelegal.com.sg | ||||
| YY GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED | Our Ref | : | 2025-00225-NL | |
| 60 Paya Lebar Road | Your Ref | : | ||
| Paya Lebar Square | ||||
| #09-13 | ||||
| Singapore 409051 | ||||
| BY EMAIL ONLY | ||||
| jason.phua@yygroupholding.com | ||||
| mike@YYGroupHolding.com | ||||
Attention: Board of Directors
Dear Sirs,
YY GROUP HOLDING LIMITED – FORM F-3
| 1. | All capitalised terms used in this letter shall have the same meanings as defined in the Form F-3. |
| 2. | We, Triangle Legal LLC, have acted as legal advisers as to the laws of Singapore to YY Group Holding Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands with company number 2118556 (the "Company"). |
| 3. | We hereby consent to the inclusion of references to our firm in the Company's Registration Statement on Form F-3, together with the documents incorporated therein by reference, as amended or supplemented from time to time (the "Registration Statement"), which is proposed to be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). We further consent to the filing of this consent letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. |
Yours faithfully,
/s/ TRIANGLE LEGAL LLC
TRIANGLE LEGAL LLC
TRIANGLE LEGAL LLC
(UEN No.: 202519903R)
1 North Bridge Road High Street Centre #12-07 Singapore 179094
T: +65 92473935
Triangle Legal LLC is a law corporation with limited liability
Exhibit 23.4
A d v o c a t e s & S o l i c i t o r s
| Our ref: | RT/2026/YYG/010493 |
| Your ref: | [please provide] |
Date: 10 July 2026
| YY Group Holding Limited | By Email |
c/o 60 Paya Lebar Road
Paya Lebar Square
#09-13 to 17
Singapore 409051
Attn: The Board of Directors
Dear Sirs,
FORM F-3 REGISTRATION STATEMENT - Letter of Consent
We, HL Tan Lim & Partners, act as legal advisers to YY Group Holding Limited (“Company”) as to the laws of Malaysia in connection with the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-3, as amended and supplemented (“Registration Statement”), which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 (as amended).
We consent to the reference of our firm’s name in the Registration Statement as the Company’s “Malaysia legal counsel”.
We further consent to the filing with the SEC of this consent as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.
Save for the matters opined in the Registration Statement only, we do not make or purport to make any other statements in the Registration Statement and are not aware of any statements in the Registration Statement which purports to be based on a statement made by us, and we make no representation expressed or implied regarding, and to the extent permitted by law, take no responsibility for, any statement in or omission from the Registration Statement.
Yours sincerely,
/s/ HL Tan Lim & Partners
HL Tan Lim & Partners
HL TAN LIM & PARTNERS | Advocates & Solicitors
B-5-8 Plaza Mont Kiara Mont Kiara 50480 Kuala Lumpur
T +603 2788 3602 | F +603 2788 3603
www.hltlpartners.com
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