Thank you. Good morning and welcome to American Financial Group's Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Results Conference Call. We released our 2023 fourth quarter and full year results yesterday afternoon. Our press release, investor supplement and webcast presentation are posted on AFG's website under the Investor Relations section. These materials will be referenced during portions of today's call. I'm joined this morning by Carl Lindner III and Craig Lindner, Co-CEOs of American Financial Group; and Brian Hertzman, AFG's CFO. Before I turn the discussion over to Carl, I would like to draw your attention to notes on Slide 2 of our webcast. Some of the matters to be discussed today are forward-looking. These forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and/or financial condition to differ materially from these statements. A detailed description of these risks and uncertainties can be found in AFG's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which are also available on our website. We may include references to core net operating earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure, in our remarks or responses to questions. A reconciliation of net earnings attributable to shareholders to core net operating earnings is included in our earnings release. And finally, if you are reading a transcript of this call, please note that it may not be authorized or reviewed for accuracy, and as a result, it may contain factual or transcription errors that could materially alter the intent or meaning of our statements. Now I'm pleased to turn the call over to Carl Lindner III to discuss our results.

Good morning. I'll begin my remarks by sharing a few highlights from AFG's fourth quarter and full year results, after which Craig and I will walk through more details. We'll then open it up for Q&A where Craig, Brian, and I will respond to any questions. Fourth quarter was a strong ending to a great year for AFG. In addition to producing a core operating return on equity of nearly 20% in 2023, net written premiums grew by 8% during the year. And we continue to create value for our shareholders through effective capital management. Our compelling mix of special insurance businesses and entrepreneurial culture, disciplined operating philosophy, and an astute team of in-house investment professionals collectively have enabled us to outperform many of our peers over time. Craig and I thank God, our talented management team, and our great employees for helping us to achieve these results. And I'll turn the discussion over to Craig to walk us through some of these details.

Thanks, Carl. As you'll see on slide 3, AFG's core net operating earnings were $10.56 per share for the full year of 2023, generating a core operating return on equity of 19.8%. This ROE is calculated using an average of the five most recent quarter end balances of shareholders' equity, excluding AOCI. As Carl noted, capital management is one of our highest priorities. Returning capital to our shareholders is an important component of our capital management strategy and reflects our strong financial position and our confidence in AFG's financial future. We've returned $900 million to shareholders during 2023, including $466 million, or $5.50 per share in special dividends, $221 million in regular common stock dividends, and $213 million in share repurchases. Dividend payments and share repurchases totaled $5.92 billion over the past five years, and our quarterly dividend was increased by 12.7% to an annual rate of $2.84 per share, beginning in October of 2023. Growth in adjusted book value per share plus dividends was an impressive 16.6% in 2023. We're proud of the value we've created for shareholders over time. Turning to slides 4 and 5, you'll see the fourth quarter 2023 core net operating earnings per share of $2.84 produced an annualized fourth quarter core return on equity of 20.9%. Net earnings per share of $3.13 included an after-tax non-core realized gain on securities of $0.29 per share, which includes fair value changes on securities that we continue to hold at the end of the quarter. Now I'd like to turn to an overview of AFG's investment performance, financial position, and share a few comments about AFG's capital and liquidity. The details surrounding our $15.3 billion investment portfolio are presented on slides 6 and 7. Looking at results for the fourth quarter, Property and Casualty net investment income was approximately 1% higher than the comparable 2022 period. Excluding the impact of alternative investments, net investment income in our P&C insurance operations for the three months ended December 31, 2023 increased by 19% year-over-year as a result of the impact of rising interest rates and higher balances of invested assets. For the 12 months ended December 31, 2023, P&C net investment income was $729 million, approximately 7% higher than 2022, and a new record for AFG. Excluding alternative investments, net investment income in our P&C insurance operations for 2023 increased 35% year-over-year. As you'll see on slide 7, approximately 68% of our portfolio is invested in fixed maturities. In the current interest rate environment, we're able to invest in fixed maturity securities at yields of approximately 5.5%. Current reinvestment rates compare favorably to the approximately 5% yield earned on fixed maturities in our P&C portfolio during the fourth quarter of 2023. The duration of P&C fixed maturity portfolio, including cash and cash equivalents, was 2.9 years at December 31, 2023. We've strategically managed duration to take advantage of market opportunities as interest rates have increased from recent historic lows. The annualized return on alternative investments was approximately 0.8% in the 2023 fourth quarter compared to 5.3% for the prior year quarter. Following several years of exceptionally strong returns on investments tied to multifamily housing, which averaged 15% over the past five years, we're seeing the impact of increased supply and the leveling out of rental rates on these investments, which represent about half of our alternative investment portfolio. We expect these headwinds to continue into 2024. Longer term, we remain very optimistic regarding the prospects of our investments in multifamily housing as these properties continue to generate strong net operating income and have desirable geographic positioning and high occupancy rates. The return on P&C alternative investments was 7% for 2023 compared to 13.2% in 2022. The average annual return on alternative investments over the past five calendar years into December 31, 2023 was approximately 13%. Please turn to slide 8, where you'll find a summary of AFG's financial position at December 31, 2023. AFG had approximately $800 million of excess capital at the end of 2023. And reviewing our disclosures compared to peer companies and considering the diversity of practice in how companies calculate excess capital, we're likely to move away from providing a specific excess capital number in the future. Yesterday, we announced a special dividend of $2.50 per share, payable on February 28th, 2024. This special dividend is in addition to the company's regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.71 per share, most recently paid on January 25th, 2024. We expect our operations to continue to generate significant excess capital throughout the remainder of 2024, which provides ample opportunity for additional share repurchases or special dividends over the next year. We continue to view total value creation as measured by growth and book value per share plus dividends as an important measure of performance over the long term. For the 12-month ended December 31, 2023, AFG's book value per share plus dividends increased by 24.1%. AFG's adjusted book value per share plus dividends, which excludes unrealized losses related to fixed maturities, increased by 16.6% during 2023. Now I'll turn the call back over to Carl to discuss the results of our P&C operations.

Thank you, Craig. Now please turn to slides 9 and 10 of the webcast. I am pleased to report very strong underwriting profitability for the full year with an overall Specialty Property and Casualty combined ratio of 90.3%. We're proud of our consistent record of profitable underwriting results over many years. We're seeing opportunities to grow our Specialty Property and Casualty businesses through increasing exposures, new opportunities, and a continued favorable pricing environment. We set new records for premium production in 2023, and we're meeting or exceeding targeted returns in nearly all of our businesses. As you'll see on slide 9, our Specialty Property and Casualty businesses reported a strong fourth quarter, a nice finish to a successful year. The Specialty Property and Casualty insurance operations generated an outstanding 87.7% combined ratio in the fourth quarter of 2023, about a point higher than the exceptional 86.6% reported in the prior year fourth quarter. Results for the 2023 fourth quarter include 1.4 points of catastrophe losses, about a half point higher than last year’s fourth quarter and 3.3 points of favorable prior year reserve development, compared to 3.6 points in the fourth quarter of 2022. Fourth quarter 2023 gross and net written premiums were both up 8% when compared to the same period in 2022, and gross and net written premiums increased 7% and 8% respectively for the full year in 2023. Average renewal pricing across our Property and Casualty group, excluding our workers' comp business, was up approximately 7% for the quarter, in line with renewal rates in the previous quarter. Including workers' compensation, renewal rates were up approximately 6%, one point higher than the renewal increases reported in the prior quarter. This is our 30th consecutive quarter to report overall renewal rate increases, and we believe we are achieving overall rate renewal rate increases in excess of prospective loss ratio trends to meet or exceed targeted returns. In addition to renewal pricing, we are focusing on insured values in our property-related businesses to ensure that our premiums reflect inflationary considerations. Now I'd like to turn to slide 10 to review a few highlights from each of our Specialty Property and Casualty business groups. Details are included in our earnings release, so I'll focus on summary results here. The businesses in the Property and Transportation group achieved a 90.3% calendar year combined ratio overall in the fourth quarter, in line with the 90% achieved in the comparable period last year. Excluding crop, the fourth-quarter calendar year combined ratio in this group improved three points year-over-year. Fourth quarter 2023 gross and net written premiums in this group were up 4% and 1% respectively when compared to the 2022 fourth quarter, due primarily to slightly higher crop premium related to the CRS acquisition, which was partially offset by the timing of renewals in several of our transportation businesses. Overall renewal rates in this group increased 7% on average in the fourth quarter of 2023, a point higher than the previous quarter. Pricing for the full year for this group was up 6% overall. We continue to remain focused on rate adequacy, particularly in our commercial auto liability business. This is our 11th year of rate increases in this line of business gaining back to when we first identified an uptick in commercial auto loss severity in 2012. So we've been at it for a long time and we're pleased that our starting point for rate increases is different than some of our peers. Businesses in our Specialty Casualty group achieved an exceptionally strong 84.6% calendar year combined ratio overall in the fourth quarter, 3.3 points higher than 81.3% reported in the comparable prior year period. With combined ratios at these levels, the underwriting margins in these businesses are generating returns in the mid-20s. Fourth quarter 2023 gross and net written premiums increased 6% and 7% respectively when compared to the same prior year period. Renewal pricing for this group, excluding our workers’ comp business, was up 7% in the fourth quarter and was up 4% overall. With both measures down about a point from the renewal pricing in the previous quarter. Pricing for this group for the full year, excluding workers’ comp, was up 6% and up 4% overall. Specialty Financial group continued to achieve excellent underwriting margins and reported an outstanding 81.3% combined ratio for the fourth quarter of 2023, an improvement of 1.8 points over the prior year period. Fourth quarter 2023 gross and net written premiums were up 27% and 26% respectively when compared to the same 2022 period and 32% for the full year. Renewal pricing in this group was up 9% in the fourth quarter, accelerating four points from the previous quarter. Renewal pricing in this group was up 5% for the full year of 2023. As noted in yesterday's earnings release, for many years, AFG established a range of coordinated operating earnings per share guidance for the new year and provided various other guidance measures as a part of its fourth quarter earnings release. After reviewing industry and peer practices and following a number of discussions with analysts and shareholders, we have decided we'll no longer provide a range of core earnings per share guidance or other guidance measures beginning in 2024. As noted throughout this call, it's clear that our focus has always been on long-term shareholder value creation by generating strong returns on equity that grow book value per share. We believe that historically providing a greater level of guidance metrics as compared to peer companies has created a distraction from our strong ROEs and a record of long-term value creation. As a result, we believe that this change aligns with that focus. In lieu of guidance, though, we have provided several key assumptions underlying our 2024 business plan, which you'll see summarized on slide 11. These assumptions for 2024 include growth in net written premiums of 8% compared to last year, a combined ratio similar to 90.3%, achieved in 2023, a reinvestment rate of approximately 5.5%, and a return of approximately 6% on our $2.4 billion portfolio of alternative investments. We expect that performance in line with the assumptions included in our business plan would result in core operating earnings per share of approximately $11 in 2024 and generate a core operating return on equity, excluding AOCI of approximately 20%. We believe that our disclosures are sufficiently detailed and clear, and over the course of 2024, our discussions with investors will focus on the considerations that drive long-term shareholder value. Our IR team and our management team remain available to answer questions and look forward to continuing to educate investors about our business. Craig and I are pleased to report these exceptionally strong results for the fourth quarter and full year, and we're proud of our proven track record of long-term value creation. Our Insurance professionals have exercised their Specialty Property and Casualty knowledge and experience to skillfully navigate the marketplace, and our in-house investment team has been both strategic and opportunistic in the management of our $15 billion investment portfolio. We're well positioned to continue to build long-term value for our shareholders in 2024 and beyond. Now we'll open the lines for the Q&A portion of today's call and Craig and Brian and I would be happy to respond to your questions.

Our first question comes from Charlie Lederer with Citi.

Hey, good morning. Wondering, can you please break out the reserve development, I guess, for non-workers’ comp casualty reserve development across action years 2020 to 2022 versus the softer market years prior to that in the quarter?

Hey, can you hear me? Hi, this is Brian Hertzman. On that question, if you look at where we've seen development by year and casualty. We've seen some adverse development coming out of calendar years 2018 and 2019, less consistent with prior periods. If you look at development overall in casualty, we think it's best to look at it for the full year to understand trends. So really at the full year, I think the first thing to do is to keep in perspective that we're talking about businesses with a calendar year combined ratio for the full year of 87% with ROEs in the mid-20s. So very strong performing businesses. We discussed with some of the previous quarters for the full year 2024, we did have lower levels of favorable development in workers’ comp as our initial lawsuits have come down in recent years reflecting our experience and considering some of the price decreases in that business, as well as being mindful about the potential for medical cost inflation going forward. We talked in previous quarters about some adverse development from social inflation in areas like public sector. As with any company that has an ENS business, there can be over time, there can be occasional large loss activity, which we had in various lines of business in different quarters across the year.

Got it, thanks, that's helpful. I guess that, sorry if I missed it, did you say that the adverse on ‘18 and ‘19 that you said at the beginning was that, did you say what line posts were in the quarter?

So most of that, for the year, most of that's coming out in the social and inflation exposed businesses. In the quarter, it wasn't necessarily all social inflation. Some of that was just the occasional large losses that could happen in something like ENS.

Got it, okay. And then maybe just on the premium growth embedded in your business plan, would you be able to kind of parse out, I guess, like how much of that, what you're expecting for crop, I guess from a non-CRS and then including CRS perspective and kind of versus the rest of the business?

We've shifted away from discussing each segment individually. I'm pleased to provide some insight on the crop business. The crop segment's premium determination for this year includes a volatility factor that will be determined in the next month, along with the average of February’s futures prices for the December corn contract and the November soybean contract. The current pricing is based on the average for the entire month of February, so we won't have a clear picture of the premium impacts until the end of February. Our current estimate of an 8% crop premium reflects our belief that it will not reach the levels we had previously anticipated due to commodity prices. I can't make any definitive statements on that. Regarding the CRS business we added, it is expected to increase by about 50% in gross written premiums this year. I hope that clarifies things.

Yes, thank you. I guess just one follow-up. Would you expect any changes in your crop retention plans if pricing is materially lower?

I know. I think probably one of the positive things if you're starting off, if the pricing for corn and soybeans ends up being lower, if from a price exposure, since this is revenue protection or revenue coverage, you could argue that it may be tougher to see prices come off by significant amounts from lower spring discovery prices, if that's in fact what happens at the end of February. So that can cut both ways. We'll have lower premium, but maybe you have lower exposure from a price decline standpoint from those base levels, if that makes sense.

Our next question comes from the line of Paul Newsome with Piper Sandler.

Good morning. Thanks for the call. I wanted to touch maybe back on your comments about pricing being above where you think inflation is to achieve target. At the moment, the ROE is very high. Is that really a comment that you continue to expect to achieve sort of the targeted returns? Or are you thinking that the price increases are sufficient to maintain the current sort of margins that you have today?

Yes, Paul, I think overall, we're achieving price, overall price increase levels that are in excess overall of the prospective loss ratio trends in our business. And some businesses, those increases might lead to returns that exceed our targets in other businesses. They would lead towards meeting our targets. I think we're blessed today except for a few businesses, almost all of our businesses are meeting the targeted returns.

Yes, I think, every year is a different mix based off, we take an opportunistic approach. We think our stock is especially attractively valued. We've shown over this in the past year that we have been in the market repurchasing shares and value that. Where we're generating large amounts of excess capital at these kinds of returns, special dividends can also be important. But obviously, priorities are organic growth, building or building the business itself. We're tough buyers on the M & A side, but we look at lots of things and we're always starting businesses, building businesses and acquiring things that make sense and can earn double -digit returns for us over time. You've seen the, our annual increase in our annual dividend has been substantial over time. So we also think our shareholders value a consistent increase in our annual dividend also. I mean, those are, that's the way we think about things. Each year is going to be a different mix.

Our next question comes from the line of Michael Zaremski with BMO.

Hey, good afternoon. I want to ensure that as we consider the combined ratio guidance for next year, which relates to a strong return on equity, we reflect on 2023 from an investor's perspective. There was some adverse development due to social inflation. I believe crop performance was slightly below average. There was also a small impact from A&E, possibly around 1% to 2% on earnings. I want to confirm that I’m understanding this correctly, as I'm curious about whether you expect the combined ratio to improve moving forward. I acknowledge that pricing can trend upward, but it seems that returns might not be as strong, even when excluding those factors I just mentioned. I'm trying to understand the overall trend better.

I think the returns are very similar, and we're projecting our business plans for a combined ratio that's at the same level of a really great year. Certainly in comparison to our peers, it's one of the stronger performances on underwriting and on return on equity and that so we're proud of those results. There will be businesses that as in workers’ comp in this year that had less favorable development that have outstanding results when you look back on this year, but the underwriting profit wasn't as large. There’re businesses as you said like crop-hail that had a below average year. In our business plan the way it is together, in the past when we were giving guidance, we were planning for our average crop year. So the way we build our plan is really consistent with the way that we used to give guidance as far as how we would get there. Our guidance generally was based off of our business plan in the past.

Mike, this is Craig. One thing to consider in this year's plan is that our expected return on alternatives is lower than historical levels and below what we anticipate moving forward. We have $2.4 billion invested in alternatives, with approximately half in multifamily and the rest in traditional private equity. For our 2024 plan, we expect a low single-digit return on our multifamily assets and a high single-digit return on our other alternative investments. Regarding multifamily, we remain positive on this asset class for the long term and have achieved excellent returns historically. Over the past five years, we've averaged a 15% annual return. Our investments are concentrated in strong markets, with Florida and Colorado making up 53% of our multifamily holdings, and Dallas, Phoenix, and North Carolina accounting for another 27%. These regions are experiencing significant population growth. Consequently, recent developments have mostly occurred in these attractive markets, which impacts our ability to raise rates as we have in the past. We believe it will take 12 to 18 months to absorb this new inventory of multifamily properties, after which we expect to increase rental rates in line with previous trends and generate strong returns. However, our long-term expectations for alternative investments remain above 10%. Historically, we've performed better than that. If this year's return were normalized to 10%, it would contribute $0.90 per share to earnings per share, representing about a point and a half of return on equity. Investors need to be aware of our significant multifamily exposure, which will negatively impact returns in the short term. This year's return expectation is unusually low, and it should be taken into account when assessing this year's earnings projections.

Okay, that helps. I think investors will understand that. Lastly, this might be for Brian. Regarding the excess capital, the parent company cash, and all those moving parts, I believe that the debt to capital ratio is below the company's maximum threshold of 30, or possibly a target of 30, and you can clarify that. Is there an option to issue some debt in the future to release excess capital if there are no M&A opportunities, or is that not something we should consider as a lever? Thanks.

So, yes, so the 30% is sort of a guideline for us, so we would look at that as our maximum. Not that we couldn't go over that if the opportunity presented itself, but that does leave open the possibility for borrowing money at the right rate and the right environment to move towards that ratio if it makes sense from a long-term value creation for shareholders' perspective. So, it would be on the table, but not in our immediate plan.

Our next question comes from the line of Andrew Andersen with Jefferies.

Hey, good afternoon. In the press release, you mentioned lower underwriting profit in ENS. Could you expand a bit on that? Were that just large losses on property or casualty and does it reflect a change in underlying loss trend assumption?

Yes, I think the quarter was in the 80s. The combined ratio for this hail board you've got to put that in perspective. So the quarter had an outstanding combined ratio and to start with. As Brian said, when you put it in the perspective of the whole year there was the difference in the reserve development was less favorable workers’ comp for the whole year. Some impact from social inflation and in some quarters some large loss on the casualty side activity. I think that's the right way to look back and if you're trying to look at trends in forms.

Thank you. And are you seeing any change in the competitive environment within ENS?

I think maybe a bit more competition on, we're not on the ENS property side, we've been expanding our property business on the on the ENS side. It seems like a some more interest in that sector and some more competition there. I think on the positive side other interesting things I think we're seeing on the DNO side where the pricings been down double digit. In the fourth quarter, we saw it being down single digit which I saw as a positive trend when we thought that there have been too many competitors too much capital and pricing levels that don't make sense in public DNO so that was positive. I think another positive thing we saw in the fourth quarter on the pricing front was our commercial auto pricing, their national interstate Vanliner moved to 10, move to double digit to 10% plus which I see as a positive competitive sign.

Thanks and maybe just a quick numbers question, $34 million of other expense in the quarter. I suspect that's higher amortization from CRS but is that kind of a good run rate for this line item in ‘24?

So it looks like you're looking at our line item for sort of other corporate expenses so what falls into that line is really everything that's not part of our property and cash dealing operations and then we show the interest expense separately so that's mostly holding company expenses in that line, but it's also net of any investment income earned by the parent company. So there's a couple things going on there in the quarter when you compare it to previous quarters, particularly the fourth quarter of 2022. One of the bigger things in there is that during the fourth quarter of 2023, we had lower levels of cash and investment balances at the parent company as we tend to keep most of our cash and investments down in the P&C operations. So the investment income that's sort of netted into that number is about $4 million lower in 2023 compared to 2022 in the same quarter. And then also in the fourth quarter of 2023, we just happened to have a couple of sorts of one-off elevated expenses, and that was magnified by a benefit in the fourth quarter of 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we had a benefit related to some employee benefit plans that are tied to stock market that didn't recur this year. So when you look at the things in the fourth quarter of 2023 versus the 2022 quarter that are different, I would say the lower parent company investment income, which is about $4 million, that's probably something that I would go forward and I would consider if we were looking at a run rate. The other items are really sort of one-off things that could happen in any quarter, but I wouldn't consider them something that I'd put in a run rate.

Yes, I'm going to go back on the ENS, Sonborough and excess liability business just to be clear. When you look at, if you would just look at that part of our business in the fourth quarter, it would be in line with what the combined ratio was for the whole year in that. And we had ended up with excellent underwriting results in ENS, Sonborough and excess liability overall.

Our next question comes from the line of Meyer Shields of Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc.

Great, thanks so much. In terms of understanding, I don't want to call it guidance anymore, but the expectations, there are a few companies out there who provide some sort of outlook for combined ratio and explicitly say that that does not include reserve development. I just want to understand whether we should look at your expectations the same way or whether maybe there's some measure of reserve least anticipated.

Hi, this is Brian. So when we look at our combined ratio overall, we feel like we set our reserves optimistically and conservatively and we're optimistic about the potential for future favorable prior development, but we wouldn't explicitly disclose any kind of components of our combined ratio. I think it's important to know that we think our reserve position is very strong. And if you look at our plan for 2024, we did react to the higher frequency of catastrophe losses that occurred in 2023, along with cat experiences in other recent years. We look at things like social inflation. We've been really focused on price increases, term and conditions, like your possible points and retentions. And so we felt really good about the actions in that area. So if you look overall, I think while we wouldn't explicitly put anything in there to say anything about prior development, we're optimistic that we could have some and feel good about where our reserves are.

Okay, perfect. I just wanted to understand what the expectation entails. Carl, you mentioned some timing issues with regards to transportation. I was hoping you could flush that out.

I'm not, could you repeat that? I couldn't, I wasn't sure what the question was.

I'm sorry. So when you're talking about property and transportation segment, you mentioned some timing, I think with regard to fourth quarter premium growth. And just looking to understand whether some of that was deferred to the first quarter of ‘24 or how we should think about that?

It's really just time between quarters. Some stuff moved to other quarters. Sometimes things renew in a different month or have a different policy term with things like that.

Okay, and then one final question. Outside of crop, can you talk about your expectations for reinsurance purchasing in 2024 versus 2023?

So you're talking about reinsurance in general across all of our lines?

Yes.

Each year our –

Go ahead. I'm sorry.

So separating out the cat program from our just traditional other non-cat reinsurance, or are you focusing on the cat?

Both.

On the catastrophe reinsurance side, we renewed our property cat treaty for 2024. The attachment points for that treaty have increased from 2023, mainly due to our higher exposure in both our ENS business and our financial institutions business. We will now attach at a $70 million level instead of a $50 million level. In our property cat reinsurance tower, the retention is $70 million, followed by traditional reinsurance for $55 million above that retention. Our cat bond offers coverage for most of any single event up to $450 million and is effective through the end of 2024. Regarding the cost of reinsurance, we are purchasing less coverage, and the risk-adjusted rate for 2024 is slightly lower than it was in 2023. For reinsurance outside of property cat cover, each business unit evaluates its needs on a yearly basis to find a suitable balance of risk and return, so there isn't a notable overall trend. I don’t anticipate significant changes in our reinsurance retention across the company in 2024 compared to 2023, but we are cautious in determining the appropriate coverage for each business unit every year.

Thank you. And I'm currently shown no further questions at this time. I'd like to hand the call back over to Diane Weidner for closing remarks.

Thank you, Shannon, and thank you all for joining us this morning as we reviewed our fourth quarter and full year results for 2023. We look forward to talking with you all again next quarter. Hope you all have a great day.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.