Hello, and welcome to the Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp Fourth Quarter and Year End 2024 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After this speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. I will now turn the conference over to Mr. Brian Chin, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us for our fourth quarter and full year 2024 earnings conference call. Joining me on the call today will be Chris Huskilson, Chief Executive Officer; Rod West, Incoming Chief Executive Officer; Darren Myers, Chief Financial Officer; and Sarah MacDonald, Chief Transformation Officer. To accompany today's earnings call, we have a supplemental webcast presentation available on our website algonquinpower.com. Our financial statements and management discussion and analysis are also available on the website, as well as on SEDAR Plus and EDGAR. We would like to remind you that our discussion during the call will include certain forward-looking information and non-GAAP measures. Actual results could differ materially from any forecast or projection contained in such forward-looking information. Certain material factors and assumptions were applied in making the forecast and projections reflected in such forward-looking information. Please note and review the related disclaimers located on Slide 2 of our earnings call presentation at the Investor Relations section of our website at algonquinpower.com. Please also refer to our most recent MD&A filed on SEDAR Plus and EDGAR and available on our website for additional important information on these items. On the call this morning, Chris and Rod will provide comments on the company's recently announced leadership transition. Chris will then review key highlights and operational updates for the quarter, followed by Darren and myself with our financial results and forward-looking commentary. We will then open the lines for questions. We ask that you kindly restrict your questions to two, then requeue if you have any additional questions to allow others the opportunity to participate. And with that, I'll turn it over to Chris.

Thank you, Brian, and good morning, everyone. Thank you once again for your interest in Algonquin and for supporting us through our strategic transformation journey. Before I jump into our regular quarterly update, it's my distinct pleasure to introduce Roderick West, our Incoming CEO. Rod has over 25 years of experience at Entergy, where he was responsible for leading Entergy's regulated utilities and helped engineer that company's transition from an integrated utility to a pure-play regulated one. I'm confident Rod has the right set of leadership skills, expertise, experience, and vision to lead Algonquin to new heights as a regulated utility. As of noon today, Rod will be stepping into the Chief Executive Officer position. I will be resuming my prior place as a Member of the Board of Directors, and I'm committed to facilitating a smooth transition. Rod, I can say without a doubt that everyone here, from our employees to the Board, is extremely excited to start this new chapter with you. Welcome. We're delighted to have you here.

Well, greetings and good morning, everyone. It's a pleasure to be here, and thank you, Chris, for your kind introduction. Under your leadership, Algonquin has made significant strides in paving the way for a brighter future. I'm very much aligned with the strategic direction taken by the company under your and the board's leadership. As I considered joining Algonquin, I saw a unique opportunity to create sustainable value with the diversified utility asset base. I also saw a company that's making significant customer-centric investments with a focus on operational performance and safety, which, in my view, was foundational to a successful pure-play utility. What I found compelling personally is the tremendous opportunity to create value. I'm excited to bring my experience and background to Algonquin as we look to drive value for our stakeholders. The company has undergone tremendous change in a short period of time. Now, as a pure-play utility, Algonquin is primed to focus on accelerating its performance to all of its stakeholders. We're focused on improved customer service, of course, creating value, and ultimately returning to a sustained growth trajectory. I'll let Chris and the team summarize the company's recent results, but I'm excited to dive right in on transforming Algonquin. My aim is to come back to shareholders in approximately 90 days or so to provide more transparency on our outlooks and detail on our performance acceleration plan. I want to personally thank Chris and the team for all the work getting us to this point, and I am tremendously excited by the future and the opportunity in front of us. Chris, back to you.

Well, thank you, Rod, and as I said, we're very excited. On the same note, let me also briefly touch on the CFO transition. As previously announced, Darren has accepted an offer to join Canadian Tire as its Chief Financial Officer, and today will be his last as CFO of Algonquin. I'd like to extend my sincere appreciation to Darren, who helped steer Algonquin through its most significant transformation. The company and I were fortunate to benefit from his strong leadership through this period. Thank you, Darren. With Darren's upcoming departure, the company has engaged a national firm as part of a comprehensive search process for a permanent CFO. While this search is underway, our VP of Investor Relations, Brian Chin, has agreed to step into the Interim CFO role. Brian has more than two decades of utilities experience as a Senior Executive in several finance roles here at Algonquin and American Water, and as the lead North American Utilities Equity Analyst for both Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Citicorp. I'm confident Brian has the right capabilities to help ensure a smooth transition for our finance and executive teams. Thank you, Brian, for taking on the role. Now, turning to the closure of our 2023 strategic review. The company set out to achieve a few key objectives. These include the sale of our renewables business, uplifting our regulated utilities, and applying a greater degree of focus and discipline to the company overall. At this stage, the company has completed the sale of its renewables business, as well as its stake in Atlantica, marking two major milestones in its transition to a pure-play regulated utility company. Now, the critical focus points for the company remain to continue improving our utilities, optimizing and leveraging our IT platform, which we completed last year, streamlining how we operate, and driving operational efficiency and customer service. When I look at the opportunity within the regulated utilities business, I believe Algonquin has a great portfolio of assets in attractive jurisdictions and commodities. These investments were made by our employees for the benefit of our customers. While Algonquin is authorized to achieve a 9.2% ROE, its actual earned ROE is several hundred basis points below that allowable target. This requires improvement. The company is aiming to achieve its allowed returns on equity with all possible speed. To bridge this gap, we must accelerate reductions in regulatory lag and improve our operational efficiency. This means uplifting and upskilling the regulated utilities and improving our focus and discipline to capture the tremendous opportunity ahead of the company today. We're committed to improving and enhancing our efficiency and effectiveness for the benefit of our customers, communities, and investors. It's been a privilege to lead Algonquin during this momentous period, and I want to thank Algonquin's employees, whom I have had the honor of working alongside during this short but significant time. With that, let me now turn to operational updates, of which there have been several since our last call. Let's start with Atlantica and the renewables business. The Atlantica transaction resulted in net proceeds of approximately $1.1 billion, which we used to reduce debt as referenced in our balance sheet as of year-end. From the sale of the renewables business, we expect to receive proceeds of approximately $2.1 billion, which reflects our originally announced value of $2.5 billion after subtracting taxes, transaction fees, and other preliminary closing adjustments and less the $220 million cash earn-out. Darren will discuss this in more detail later. I'll turn now to our regulatory updates for the quarter. I'm pleased with the progress we've made in several cases. In our Missouri Water case, the commission approved an all-party settlement, and new rates were effective March 1st. In our Arkansas Water case, the commission there also approved a previously reached settlement and new rates effective March 1st. In our Gas New Brunswick rate case, we received an order in December approving new rates, which took effect January 1st this year. In our Arizona proceedings involving four small water utilities, we reached a settlement agreement. The parties in this case agreed to full consolidation of all four water systems, which is consistent with our plan to streamline our business. Next steps include a settlement hearing and a recommended order from the assigned judge. We also recently received a constructive staff-proposed order with regards to depreciation deferrals for our Sarival wastewater treatment facility and our Litchfield Park facility. Our CalPeco rate case filed on September 24th is proceeding on schedule. Our New Hampshire Granite State rate case has reached an all-party settlement, which is now in front of the commission. A hearing is scheduled for March. Despite the progress in these other cases, I'm disappointed with the initial filing of our Empire Electric Missouri rate case, where we've recently had to delay our timetable. In short, a late revision to our tariff calculations has prompted us to restart the case, meaning the case is now expected to be resolved in the first half of 2026 rather than the late portion of 2025, as previously expected. Additionally, the Missouri Commission has announced an investigation into customer service and billing issues. We view this as driven partially by our recent implementation of our IT platform, and we take this investigation seriously and intend to work with the commission to address these concerns. We are committed to getting this done right for our customers. We understand the commission's frustration with our initial customer experience, and we welcome this opportunity to show the improvements that the new system will allow in our customer experience. Ultimately, we are confident this system will lead to better customer service. Shifting to Transmission, as many of you are aware, the Southwest Power Pool is conducting an integrated transmission planning process. The SPP Board of Directors approved its plan in October 2024, and in February 2025, approved a series of projects in our Empire Electric footprint along with several other utilities. The total projects that have been approved by SPP for Empire service territory total over $700 million in cumulative capital spending over the potential five to seven years. We are currently in the 90-day window in which we will respond as part of SPP's process, so we expect to provide more updates on this as material developments occur. As part of the process, we expect our next steps to be to develop detailed plans, submit them to SPP, and accept the notices to construct. These projects could represent an exciting multi-year opportunity to invest in our communities and infrastructure to improve reliability for our customers. And with that, I'll hand things over to Darren to review the quarter's financial results.

Thanks, Chris, and good morning, everyone. As a reminder from last quarter, we separated our results into continuing operations and discontinued operations. Our continuing operations include our regulated business, hydro business, and ownership stake in Atlantica, which was sold during the fourth quarter. It also includes all debt except for debt specific to our renewables business, which has been netted into assets held for sale. We have recorded our ownership stake in Atlantica and the final associated dividend in continuing operations in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Starting with EBITDA, Q4 consolidated adjusted EBITDA was $248.6 million, down 5.2% from the prior year. Fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA was lower, driven by an $18 million year-over-year decline in our corporate segment as a result of the lower dividend from Atlantica and certain corporate allocations which, under discontinued operations, cannot be allocated to our renewables business. Our regulated adjusted EBITDA was $234.4 million in the quarter, up 2.4% from 2023. On a full-year basis, our consolidated adjusted EBITDA was approximately $1.04 billion, up 2.6% from 2023. Our consolidated adjusted EBITDA was negatively impacted by the reduced Atlantica dividend in the fourth quarter, while we delivered regulated adjusted EBITDA of $940.2 million, up 4.2% from 2023. Our increased regulated EBITDA was driven by new rates in the year and higher HLBV on weather normalization, which more than offset higher operating expenses, which included approximately $18 million in non-recurring expenses that were recorded in 2024. Fourth quarter adjusted net earnings were $45.2 million, down from $81.3 million in 2023. The decline in adjusted net earnings is primarily attributable to lower consolidated adjusted EBITDA, $8.5 million of higher depreciation as a result of continued capital expenditures, approximately $6 million in higher interest expense, and $8.6 million in higher adjusted taxes. Our actual year-over-year increase in interest expense was $13.6 million, but it includes approximately $7 million relating to a reclass of the margin loan with no impact on net income. It is worth noting that the $6 million increase in interest was primarily related to funding of the renewables business, which has not been recorded in discontinued operations based on generally accepted accounting principles. Full-year adjusted net earnings were $232.1 million, down from $279.4 million in 2023. Growth in adjusted EBITDA was more than offset by $41.7 million of higher depreciation, $29 million of higher interest expense, and $11.4 million in higher adjusted taxes. Our actual year-over-year increase in interest expense was $55.1 million and included $26 million relating to a reclass of the margin loan with no impact on net income. We estimate approximately $16 million of the increased interest expense related to the funding of the renewables business. Moving to our earnings per share, Q4 adjusted net earnings per share were $0.06 versus $0.12 in the prior year, while full year adjusted net earnings per share were $0.30 versus $0.39 in 2023. The year-over-year decline for both periods was driven by reduced adjusted net earnings, as well as the higher share count as a result of the equity unit conversion in mid-2024. With regards to our balance sheet, our December 31st balance sheet included the effects of the Atlantica sale, but excluded the January 8th closing of our sale of our renewables energy business. On our year-end balance sheet, we have $6.7 billion in continuing operations debt and a further $1.35 billion in debt related to discontinued operations for a total GAAP debt of $8.05 billion. Let me provide some further color on the proceeds from the $2.5 billion sale of our renewables business, which closed on January 8, 2025. As a reminder, the sale includes a $220 million earnout associated with the performance of certain wind assets. Against our year-end balance sheet, we expect to receive $2.1 billion in proceeds after customary transaction costs and estimated remaining construction costs for certain projects. Adjusting for the consolidation of certain construction debt in the fourth quarter, the 2.1 billion represents the high end of the range we provided last quarter. Approximately $150 million of the net proceeds are expected to be received later in 2025 upon monetization of certain tax attributes. Putting this all together, you should expect our year-end GAAP debt of approximately $8.05 billion to be reduced by an estimated $1.95 billion, with a further $150 million to be received later in 2025. As a last point, let me touch on our rate base. As of year-end 2024, we estimate our rate base to be approximately $7.8 billion, up from $7.2 billion a year earlier. As a reminder, our rate base estimate represents our authorized rate base plus prudently invested capital for the benefit of our customers, on which we aim to both recover and earn a rate of return. Our rate base increased by approximately $740 million due to spending and invested capital in 2024, offset by approximately $350 million in depreciation and increases in accumulated deferred income taxes. The remainder of the increase primarily relates to pre-2024 spending on our IT platform software, whose implementation was completed earlier this year and is now included in our estimate of rate base. Let me conclude with some final comments on my time with Algonquin. It has been a privilege to serve as CFO during such a transformational period for the company. While we have faced challenges, we have made significant progress to reposition Algonquin through decisive actions. Although there is still more work to be done, I'm confident the company is now in a stronger position with great opportunities in front of it. I look forward to seeing the company accelerate its performance and earnings. Thank you to the entire Algonquin team and all of our investors. I'll now hand things over to Brian to provide some forward-looking commentary.

Thanks, Darren. Two key adjustments to remember looking ahead versus 2024 are that our continuing operations will no longer have dividends from Atlantica and our interest expense will be affected by proceeds used from both the renewables and Atlantica transactions. As I remember, the December 31st balance sheet reflects proceeds from the Atlantica sale, but the interest expense reductions related to that sale were only for a few weeks. For operating expenses, we expect normal inflationary pressures to continue next year, and we will be working down the dyssynergies associated with exiting our renewables business. Against this backdrop, we will be aiming to accelerate our operating efficiency measures, particularly as this will essentially be our first year as a pure-play regulated utility. Please note that we're not providing guidance at this time, but as Rod mentioned, we expect to provide substantially more detail in our outlook and our plan in the coming months. We very much see 2025 as a transition year, and we believe that off that base, Algonquin has the opportunity to grow earnings above peer averages with substantial longer-term opportunities to grow our rate base for the benefit of our customers through prudent investments in our service territories. With regards to capital expenditures, we also intend to provide a more fulsome update, but for now, we'll say that we plan to continue to exercise discipline, which we expect will result in directionally lower capital spend year-over-year. We also intend to provide more color on our financing plans. As a general principle, we continue to favor financing self-sufficiency while we work to improve our asset returns and lower our cost of capital. Last, I'll comment on some high-level thoughts on the opportunity in front of us. We estimate our earned ROE stands in approximately the mid-5% range, excluding HLBV on our 2024 average rate base of $7.5 billion. To be clear, our goal is to substantially improve our earned ROE to move it much closer to our authorized ROE weighted average of 9.2% and achieve or improve upon our previously stated comments related to our targeted dividend payout ratio of 60% to 70%. In closing, it's a privilege and a responsibility to take on this role, and I'm looking forward to accelerating our progress. And with that, I'll turn things back to Rod for some quick closing remarks.

Thanks, Brian, and thank you, everyone, for joining us on the call this morning. I am, as I stated before, excited to begin leading the team here at Algonquin in just a few hours, and I truly believe that there is significant opportunity ahead. And we're looking forward to your questions. Back to you, operator.

And with your first question, this comes from the line of Sean Steuart from TD Cowen. Your line is open.

Thank you. Good morning, everyone, and congratulations to Rod, Darren, and Brian. I want to start first, I guess for Chris or Rod, the optimization of the utility platform as mentioned is an ongoing effort. Outside of the rate case docket, including the three big initiatives, can you give us a little more context on what are the focus areas for improvement? How concentrated it is at specific utilities? Or is it still an ongoing broader effort?

From our overall perspective, we are focusing on improving our service codes, which currently have a complicated arrangement. We believe this presents significant opportunities, and we are developing a plan to reduce overhead across various utilities. Additionally, we are changing the accountability structure within the organization. We have elevated the utilities to be our primary focus, appointing utility leaders and presidents who are now responsible for all aspects of their respective businesses. We are progressing with this quickly. By combining these efforts, we anticipate significant operational efficiencies and enhancements in customer experience. These are our main priorities at the moment.

Okay, thanks for that, Chris. And then a question for Brian or Darren. Brian, you touched on your perception that the company's long-term EPS growth potential will outpace the peer group. What time frame are you thinking of when you talk about that potential? Presumably, it's not a 2025 story, but do you have any parameters you can put around on timeframe and what EPS growth potentially might think is reasonable over the long run?

Yeah, thanks for the question, Sean. So, at this point, no comments on timeframe, but let me remind everybody what we said in the past. We indicated previously that our targeted dividend payout ratio of 60% to 70% could be achieved in a few years' time. That timeframe hasn't changed. In fact, if anything, we think there's a possibility to accelerate that, particularly given the arrival of Rod and his tremendous experience. With regards to the opportunity to grow our EPS, I can put it no more simply than we're an under-earning utility, but for the first time in the company's history, we're now singularly focused on a single business model. The opportunity for us to execute here is tremendous, and we need to get it right. So I think that we're excited about being able to talk about the future. But first, we got to make sure that Rod has a chance to come in and take a look and see where we have additional opportunities in front of us.

Okay, that's all I have for now. Thanks, everyone.

Yeah. Thanks, Sean.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Nelson Ng from RBC. The line is open.

Great, thanks. And, Rod, congrats on your new role. I think Darren, best of luck at Canadian Tire. And Chris, I guess we look forward to your continued involvement on the board. First question just relates to the Hydro sales process. Are you able to provide any kind of high-level comments on how that process is going?

No more detail than we would have had last time, which is that within this half-year we will at least go to market and take a look from an indicative perspective. But I would repeat what I have said in the past, which is that we're not going to do any more dilutive transactions. At the end of the day, if we can achieve an accretive transaction by selling the Hydro, we will do so. If not, it is on the one hand, not reducing our position as a pure play. We have greater than 90% of our business that is in the regulated space. And secondly, we continue to need Canadian income, and so it definitely helps in that area as well.

Yeah, that's great. Thanks, Chris. And then a question for Darren. So, Darren, you talked about the rate base at the end of the year and obviously the rate base growth year-over-year. It looks like it was quite a bit higher than the growth CapEx. I think you mentioned that there were some adjustments related to spend prior to 2024 that you decided to include. Are there any other spend prior to 2024 or other periods that you haven't included into rate base that could be included this year or any other further adjustments that could take place this year?

Yeah, Nelson, that was really our IT platform. So as they sit in corporate, we don't include them in the rate base, but as the programs push out then they're included. So that's really the lion's share. There's nothing more significant that's going to come forward like that.

Okay. And then just one related question, in terms of the transition, I think in Q4 there were some kind of one-off expenses. Maybe that's a question for Darren or Brian, but do you expect to see any kind of material transition expenses this year related to the sale of renewables?

So, Nelson, as you may recall from my prepared remarks, we did see some associated costs related to the synergies on the renewables that occurred in 2024. So it will take us a little bit of time to work that down in 2025. But part of the reason why we called that out is because those are not ongoing costs that we see as part of the value of the business. So, we just want to reiterate that point.

And, Nelson, maybe the other thing I'd just add in the quarter as I called out, there's certain allocations kind of indirect allocations that hit the continuing operations. So part of that dyssynergy is already in the run rate of the fourth quarter continuing operations.

Thanks, everyone. I'll leave it there.

Yeah, thanks, Nelson.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Rob Hope from Scotiabank. The line's open.

All right. Good morning, everyone. Yeah, congrats to Rod and Brian on the new roles. And Chris and Darren, it's been a pleasure working with you both. So, all the best as well.

Thank you, Rob. We appreciate it.

I guess, maybe the first question is, I understand you're not providing a 2025 outlook or capital. Looking back at the Q3 call, you were expecting to provide an update with the Q4 call, I'm just wondering what has changed. Is this just a function of a new manager or a new CEO coming in and some time to take a lay of the land? Is it the uncertainty of the Missouri delay, or are there any other factors driving that?

No, Rob, thanks for asking the question. When Rod's announcement was first made, the thought process at the time was that we would be on track to provide a baseline outlook as of the timing of the Q4 call. That actually hasn't changed in that we do have a baseline outlook as of now. But what has changed, on further reflection, was our recognition that with Rod's insight and fresh eyes, the opportunity to have him take a look at what we were doing and perhaps find ways to accelerate that progress really meant that we needed to give him time to see what opportunities we could capture and put into the outlook. The developments in Missouri, the developments in any of our other operations did not have any factor with regards to the timing of when we have chosen to give an out guidance.

Yeah. And, Rob, I would just say that when you think about it, Rod truly has not started yet. He's starting at noon today. And so we really do need to be fair to him and give him time to get his feet on the ground and understand the business so he can put his stamp on it, and then you folks can rely on what he's saying.

Fair point. Busy first day. Maybe turning over to Missouri. Can you maybe add a little bit more color on the customer solutions technology platform problems that you're seeing there? Kind of the path forward there, as well as the Missouri investigation on the billing practices?

Sure. Hi, Rob, it's Sarah MacDonald. The customer investigation is something we're spending a lot of time on. But our SAP implementation was a massive undertaking. We changed out almost all of the systems we use to run our business, not just finance, not just customer. The majority of those are working well, but it doesn't take away from the billing issues we've experienced. We're disappointed with the pace at which we've been able to fix these issues. We understand the frustration our customers are experiencing. We understand the frustrations the commission is experiencing. And frankly, we're frustrated as well. So we are encouraged because the pace of improvements has increased, and through the investigation, we'll be able to share our progress to date and our plan to complete all the improvements with the commission in the coming weeks. So we're welcoming the opportunity to share our improvements.

Yeah. I think the other point that I would make is that it has taken more time than we had hoped to get the system working the way it is. But as we're seeing the system start to work, we're seeing the opportunity that exists there, and we're absolutely convinced that this will be a better customer experience in the end. It's unfortunate, and we apologize to customers for how long it's taken, but for sure, it will be better in the future.

I appreciate the color. Thank you.

Thanks, Rob.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Rupert Merer from National Bank. The line is open.

Hi. Good morning, everyone. I'll echo the sentiment of the other analysts. Congratulations to all. Rod, if I could start with you. You're going to come back with an outlook for us in 90 days. What are your key areas of focus for the first 90 days? How are you going to get into this business and then figure out everything you need to know?

Yeah, it's a great question, and I won't get ahead of my conversations I'll have with my internal stakeholders here, but it starts with the people, getting them aligned on what good to great looks like. Beyond that, it's focusing on the aspects of the business where we have the quickest opportunity to put productive capital to work. As you think about the mission, as I come from an experience at Entergy, every decision we make at the end of the day will be assessed through the lens of its impact on our ability to create sustainable value for each of our four key stakeholders, starting with the customers, the employees, the communities we serve, and at the end of the day, the outcomes that matter most to you. Communicating that in a clear, concise way to the employees will also help me get my hands around where my attention should be placed first with the objective of accelerating the great work that Chris and his leadership team have been working so hard on. When I come back in the next 90 days or so, I want to have the conviction that gives you confidence in the outlooks that we ultimately lay out, and that's my objective. And I don't wish to obfuscate a point that I like where this company is heading. My objective at the end of the day is to try and help accelerate the benefits we've committed to you.

Maybe it's too early, but are there any high-level thoughts given the collection of assets that Algonquin has? Maybe a little more distributed than what you worked with previously? Any opportunities or challenges that you see with this asset base relative to where you've come from?

No, it's early to opine on that. Just know that I am looking to answer the question of where we can put productive capital to work to create value and doing it as quickly as we can. So, I'll be consistent with that theme.

And the other thing I would just say, Rupert, is that Rod has tremendous regulatory experience. He's been very focused on that over his career, and especially in the last few years. That's clearly an area that the company needs some work on. I look forward to just seeing how Rod takes that on and the improvements he can make as he works on that area.

Okay, very good. And then secondly, we have a very dynamic political situation here in North America. As I look at Algonquin, it's now, say, more than ever company focused in the US with US management. Do you see any potential for change in the way that companies run, meaning, any potential to move headquarters either down to the US and the opportunities that could surface from doing so?

Yeah, Rupert, I think it's premature to make any comments on that. I do think that you're right to point out it's a pretty volatile environment out there. So while I think that it's a little premature to directly answer that question, I really do think that what's interesting about our story is in spite of quite a bit of the macro volatility out there, this really is a self-help story. It's one of the more unique aspects in the utility space, and that's part of the simplicity of why the opportunity here is so interesting and unique.

All right. Great, thank you. I'll leave it there. Congrats to all.

Thanks, Rupert.

And the next question comes from the line of Ben Pham from BMO. Your line is open.

Hi, thanks. Good morning. Just on your comments around the realized ROE and the difference between allowed, how does that compare to historical differences between the two?

Thanks, Ben, for that question. The last time the company shared insights on the difference between earned and allowed ROE was a few years ago, as noted in our Investor Relations materials. We cannot reference that directly. If you want to examine our numbers since then, our calculation for the mid-5% range can be found in the segmented footnotes in our financial statements. You can see our regulated earnings before taxes, and if you apply a simplified tax rate to that and then divide by our average rate base, you can come close to the mid-5% figure I mentioned in my prepared remarks. This segmented footnote is available in all our past financials, with some minor adjustments, but this year's number is relatively straightforward.

Okay. Thanks, Brian. And maybe next question for Rod. As you think about the regulatory strategy, that big gap in realized versus allowed ROEs, just based on your experience, what's typically the best approach or step-by-step process to bridge that gap over time?

Yeah. I won't go into too much detail, but I think Brian alluded to the story as a self-help story. The things that you can do, first and foremost, internally, is managing your overall cost structure, because the regulatory process sometimes takes a while to play itself out. The discipline around both capital and O&M, those are decisions that you can make without having to rely on any external party. And that, for me, was what I was alluding to when I said we've already made progress as I was looking outside in at this opportunity. I like the direction that the company is headed in. I'll have more to say as I have an opportunity to assess some of the external levers. But internally, the self-help story is beginning to pay dividends. It's one of the reasons why I thought this was a viable opportunity to really accelerate the value proposition for the company. That's not limited to any of the commodities; it's inherent in successful, premium-valued utilities, whether it's water, gas, or electric.

Okay. Got it. Thank you. And congratulations to all four of you.

Thanks, Ben.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Mark Jarvi from CIBC Capital Markets. The line is open.

Yeah, good morning, everyone. Welcome, Rod. Looking forward to getting to know you better. And thanks, Chris and Darren, for your time and engagement over the last couple of years. It's been very helpful. Just on Missouri, obviously, you talked about the disappointment in the reset of the timelines. Does the billing investigation potentially further extend that horizon on that, if it takes a little bit of time to work through that? I guess if there is a further extension, even given the current extension, would you seek some interim rates just given the fact that the decision has been pushed out a few months now?

Hi, it's Sarah again. The customer investigation is something we're spending a lot of time on. But our SAP implementation was a massive undertaking. We changed out almost all of the systems we use to run our business, not just finance, not just customer. The majority of those are working well, but it doesn't take away from the billing issues we've experienced. We're disappointed with the pace at which we've been able to fix these issues. We understand the frustration our customers are experiencing. We understand the frustrations the commission is experiencing. And frankly, we're frustrated as well. So we are encouraged because the pace of improvements has increased, and through the investigation, we'll be able to share our progress to date and our plan to complete all the improvements with the commission in the coming weeks. So we're welcoming the opportunity to share our improvements.

Yeah. I think the other point made is that it has taken more time than we had hoped to get the system working the way it is. But as we're seeing the system start to work, we see the opportunity that exists there, and we're absolutely convinced this will be a better customer experience in the end. It's unfortunate, and we apologize to customers for how long it's taken, but for sure, it will be better in the future.

Understood. Thanks for your time, everyone.

Thank you.

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I will turn the call to Mr. Rod West.

Well, I'll simply say thanks for your interest and certainly for the well wishes this morning. Brighter days are ahead. I want to thank in advance the employees who might be listening in. I look forward to engaging you. And to the investment community, I commit to you, as my predecessor has, to be as transparent as I can. I expect that you're not going to be surprised by what we do because we're going to bring you along on the journey as we have before. So thanks for your ongoing interest and continued support for us.

Thank you, everyone.

This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.